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data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">The Guardian</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British national daily newspaper</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Guardian (disambiguation)">The Guardian (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604326">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">The Guardian</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Guardian_2018.svg" class="image"><img alt="The Guardian 2018.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Guardian_2018.svg/153px-The_Guardian_2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="50" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Guardian_2018.svg/229px-The_Guardian_2018.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Guardian_2018.svg/305px-The_Guardian_2018.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="97"/></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Guardian_28_May_2021.jpg" class="image"><img alt="The Guardian 28 May 2021.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/The_Guardian_28_May_2021.jpg/220px-The_Guardian_28_May_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67/The_Guardian_28_May_2021.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="352"/></a><div class="infobox-caption">The Guardian front page on 28 May 2021</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Daily newspaper</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a> (1821–2005) <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_(format)" title="Berliner (format)">Berliner</a> (2005–2018) <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a> (since 2018)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edward_Taylor" title="John Edward Taylor">John Edward Taylor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data">Guardian Media Group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor-in-chief</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Viner" title="Katharine Viner">Katharine Viner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">5 May 1821; 200 years ago (1821-05-05) (as The Manchester Guardian, renamed The Guardian in 1959)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political alignment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a><a href="#cite_note-left-wing-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-centre-left-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian2003158-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_Place" title="Kings Place">Kings Place</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper circulation">Circulation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">105,134 (as of July 2021)<a href="#cite_note-circlead-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sister newspapers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_Weekly" title="The Guardian Weekly">The Guardian Weekly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0261-3077">0261-3077</a> (print) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1756-3224">1756-3224</a> (web)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> number</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60623878">60623878 </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/">theguardian.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.4em; border-top: 1px solid #aaa"><ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the United Kingdom">Media of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom">List of newspapers</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Guardian is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as The Manchester Guardian, and changed its name in 1959.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Along with its sister papers <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_Weekly" title="The Guardian Weekly">The Guardian Weekly</a>, The Guardian is part of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a>, owned by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Trust_Limited" title="Scott Trust Limited">Scott Trust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of The Guardian free from commercial or political interference".<a href="#cite_note-GST1-7">[7]</a> The trust was converted into a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_company" title="Limited company">limited company</a> in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for The Guardian the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than distributed to owners or <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shareholder" title="Shareholder">shareholders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GST1-7">[7]</a> It is considered a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">newspaper of record</a> in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-FrostWeingarten2017-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-BartonWeller2014-9">[9]</a> The editor-in-chief <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Viner" title="Katharine Viner">Katharine Viner</a> succeeded <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rusbridger" title="Alan Rusbridger">Alan Rusbridger</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian200315-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-RusbridgerFarewell-11">[11]</a> Since 2018, the paper's main newsprint sections have been published in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabloid format">tabloid format</a>. As of July 2021, its print edition had a daily circulation of 105,134.<a href="#cite_note-circlead-4">[4]</a> The newspaper has an online edition, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheGuardian.com" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a>, as well as two international websites, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a> (founded in 2013) and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_US" title="Guardian US">Guardian US</a> (founded in 2011). The paper's readership is generally on the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream left">mainstream left</a> of British political opinion,<a href="#cite_note-International_Socialism_2003-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ipsos_MORI-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> and the term "Guardian reader" is used to imply a stereotype of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">liberal</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> or "<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_correct" class="mw-redirect" title="Politically correct">politically correct</a>" views.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian2003158-3">[3]</a> Frequent <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographical_error" title="Typographical error">typographical errors</a> during the age of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typesetting#manual_typesetting" title="Typesetting">manual typesetting</a> led <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Eye" title="Private Eye">Private Eye</a> magazine to dub the paper the "Grauniad" in the 1960s, a nickname still used occasionally by the editors for self-mockery.<a href="#cite_note-Marchi2019-16">[16]</a> In an <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipsos_MORI" title="Ipsos MORI">Ipsos MORI</a> research poll in September 2018 designed to interrogate the public's trust of specific titles online, The Guardian scored highest for digital-content news, with 84% of readers agreeing that they "trust what [they] see in it".<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> A December 2018 report of a poll by the Publishers Audience Measurement Company (PAMCo) stated that the paper's print edition was found to be the most trusted in the UK in the period from October 2017 to September 2018. It was also reported to be the most-read of the UK's "quality newsbrands", including digital editions; other "quality" brands included <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, and the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">i</a>. While The Guardian's print circulation is in decline, the report indicated that news from The Guardian, including that reported online, reaches more than 23 million UK adults each month.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Chief among the notable "<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoop_(news)" title="Scoop (news)">scoops</a>" obtained by the paper was the 2011 <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_International_phone_hacking_scandal" title="News International phone hacking scandal">News International phone-hacking scandal</a>—and in particular the hacking of the murdered English teenager <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Milly_Dowler" title="Murder of Milly Dowler">Milly Dowler</a>'s phone.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The investigation led to the closure of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_of_the_World" title="News of the World">News of the World</a>, the UK's best-selling Sunday newspaper and one of the highest-circulation newspapers in history.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In June 2013, The Guardian broke news of the secret collection by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a> of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verizon_Communications" title="Verizon Communications">Verizon</a> telephone records,<a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-21">[21]</a> and subsequently revealed the existence of the surveillance program <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM</a> after knowledge of it was leaked to the paper by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistleblower" title="Whistleblower">whistleblower</a> and former <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a> contractor <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-22">[22]</a> In 2016, The Guardian led an investigation into the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Papers" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a>, exposing then–Prime Minister <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>'s links to <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_bank" title="Offshore bank">offshore bank accounts</a>. It has been named "newspaper of the year" four times at the annual <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Press_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="British Press Awards">British Press Awards</a>: most recently in 2014, for its reporting on government surveillance.<a href="#cite_note-award-23">[23]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"/><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#1821_to_1972">1.1 1821 to 1972</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Early_years">1.1.1 Early years</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Slavery_and_the_American_Civil_War">1.1.2 Slavery and the American Civil War</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#C._P._Scott">1.1.3 C. P. Scott</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Spanish_Civil_War">1.1.4 Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Post-war">1.1.5 Post-war</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#1972_to_2000">1.2 1972 to 2000</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Northern_Ireland_conflict">1.2.1 Northern Ireland conflict</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Sarah_Tisdall">1.2.2 Sarah Tisdall</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Alleged_penetration_by_Russian_intelligence">1.2.3 Alleged penetration by Russian intelligence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Jonathan_Aitken">1.2.4 Jonathan Aitken</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Connection">1.2.5 Connection</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Kosovo_War">1.2.6 Kosovo War</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Since_2000">1.3 Since 2000</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Israeli-Palestinian_conflict_coverage">1.3.1 Israeli-Palestinian conflict coverage</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Clark_County">1.3.2 Clark County</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Guardian_America_and_Guardian_US">1.3.3 Guardian America and Guardian US</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Gagged_from_reporting_Parliament">1.3.4 Gagged from reporting Parliament</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Edward_Snowden_leaks_and_intervention_by_the_UK_government">1.3.5 Edward Snowden leaks and intervention by the UK government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Manafort–Assange_secret_meetings">1.3.6 Manafort–Assange secret meetings</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Priti_Patel_cartoon">1.3.7 Priti Patel cartoon</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#WikiLeaks_coverage">1.3.8 WikiLeaks coverage</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Ownership_and_finances">2 Ownership and finances</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#"Membership"_subscription_scheme">2.1 "Membership" subscription scheme</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Foundation_funding">2.2 Foundation funding</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Political_stance_and_editorial_opinion">3 Political stance and editorial opinion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Circulation_and_format">4 Circulation and format</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Publication_history">4.1 Publication history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Moving_to_the_Berliner_paper_format">4.2 Moving to the Berliner paper format</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Reception">4.2.1 Reception</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Tabloid_format_since_2018">4.3 Tabloid format since 2018</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Online_media">5 Online media</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Podcasts">5.1 Podcasts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#GuardianFilms">6 GuardianFilms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#References_in_popular_culture">7 References in popular culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Awards">8 Awards</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Received">8.1 Received</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Given">8.2 Given</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Best_books_lists">8.3 Best books lists</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Editors">9 Editors</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#Notable_regular_contributors_(past_and_present)">10 Notable regular contributors (past and present)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Guardian_News_&_Media_archive">11 Guardian News & Media archive</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#See_also">12 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#References">13 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#Further_reading">14 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#External_links">15 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2>History</h2> <h3>1821 to 1972</h3> <h4>Early years</h4> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Manchester_Guardian,_May_5_1821.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/The_Manchester_Guardian%2C_May_5_1821.jpg/220px-The_Manchester_Guardian%2C_May_5_1821.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/The_Manchester_Guardian%2C_May_5_1821.jpg/330px-The_Manchester_Guardian%2C_May_5_1821.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/The_Manchester_Guardian%2C_May_5_1821.jpg/440px-The_Manchester_Guardian%2C_May_5_1821.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="480"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Manchester_Guardian,_May_5_1821.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Manchester Guardian Prospectus, 1821</div></div></div> The Manchester Guardian was founded in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> in 1821 by cotton merchant <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edward_Taylor" title="John Edward Taylor">John Edward Taylor</a> with backing from the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Circle" title="Little Circle">Little Circle</a>, a group of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">non-conformist</a> businessmen.<a href="#cite_note-G-24">[24]</a> They launched the paper, on 5 May 1821 (by chance the very day of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon's</a> death) after the police closure of the more <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)#Popular_agitation" title="Radicalism (historical)">radical</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Observer" title="Manchester Observer">Manchester Observer</a>, a paper that had championed the cause of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterloo_Massacre" title="Peterloo Massacre">Peterloo Massacre</a> protesters.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Taylor had been hostile to the radical reformers, writing: "They have appealed not to the reason but the passions and the suffering of their abused and credulous fellow-countrymen, from whose ill-requited industry they extort for themselves the means of a plentiful and comfortable existence. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they live better than those that do."<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the mill-owners' champions had the upper hand.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The influential journalist <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Garnett" title="Jeremiah Garnett">Jeremiah Garnett</a> joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, and all of the Little Circle wrote articles for the new paper.<a href="#cite_note-dnbGarnett-28">[28]</a> The prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would "zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty ... warmly advocate the cause of Reform ... endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and ... support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, all serviceable measures".<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1825, the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working-class</a> Manchester and Salford Advertiser called The Manchester Guardian "the foul <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitute</a> and dirty <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite">parasite</a> of the worst portion of the mill-owners".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labour's claims. Of the 1832 Ten Hours Bill, the paper doubted whether in view of the foreign competition "the passing of a law positively enacting a gradual destruction of the cotton manufacture in this kingdom would be a much less rational procedure."<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators, stating that "if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. They live on strife ... ."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <h4>Slavery and the American Civil War</h4> The newspaper opposed slavery and supported <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>. An 1823 leading article on the continuing "cruelty and injustice" to slaves in the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> long after the abolition of the slave trade with the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_1807" title="Slave Trade Act 1807">Slave Trade Act 1807</a> wanted fairness to the interests and claims both of the planters and of their oppressed slaves.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_1511_2012-34">[34]</a> It welcomed the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833" title="Slavery Abolition Act 1833">Slavery Abolition Act 1833</a> and accepted the "increased compensation" to the planters as the "guilt of slavery attaches far more to the nation" rather than individuals. Success of the Act would encourage emancipation in other slave-owning nations to avoid "imminent risk of a violent and bloody termination."<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_0705_2011-35">[35]</a> However, the newspaper argued against restricting trade with countries which had not yet abolished slavery.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_2403_2012-36">[36]</a> Complex tensions developed in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Stoddard_2015-37">[37]</a> When the abolitionist <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Thompson_(abolitionist)" title="George Thompson (abolitionist)">George Thompson</a> toured, the newspaper said that "[s]lavery is a monstrous evil, but civil war is not a less one; and we would not seek the abolition even of the former through the imminent hazard of the latter". It suggested that the United States should compensate slave-owners for freeing slaves<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_1212_2008-38">[38]</a> and called on President <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> to resolve the 1856 "civil war", the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacking_of_Lawrence" title="Sacking of Lawrence">Sacking of Lawrence</a> due to pro-slavery laws imposed by Congress.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_1006_2015-39">[39]</a> In 1860, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> quoted a report that the newly elected president <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> was opposed to abolition of slavery.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_1712_2014-40">[40]</a> On 13 May 1861, shortly after the start of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, the Manchester Guardian portrayed the Northern states as primarily imposing a burdensome trade monopoly on the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a>, arguing that if the South was freed to have direct trade with Europe, "the day would not be distant when slavery itself would cease". Therefore, the newspaper asked "Why should the South be prevented from freeing itself from slavery?"<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_2305_2011-41">[41]</a> This hopeful view was also held by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> leader <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kettle-42">[42]</a> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln,_Lincoln_Square,_Manchester.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Abraham_Lincoln%2C_Lincoln_Square%2C_Manchester.jpg/220px-Abraham_Lincoln%2C_Lincoln_Square%2C_Manchester.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Abraham_Lincoln%2C_Lincoln_Square%2C_Manchester.jpg/330px-Abraham_Lincoln%2C_Lincoln_Square%2C_Manchester.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Abraham_Lincoln%2C_Lincoln_Square%2C_Manchester.jpg/440px-Abraham_Lincoln%2C_Lincoln_Square%2C_Manchester.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln,_Lincoln_Square,_Manchester.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Statue of Lincoln in Manchester, with extracts from the working men's letter and his reply on its base.</div></div></div> There was division in Britain over the Civil War, even within political parties. The Manchester Guardian had also been conflicted. It had supported other <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Revolution" title="Age of Revolution">independence movements</a> and felt it should also support the rights of the Confederacy to self-determination. It criticised Lincoln's <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a> for not freeing all American slaves.<a href="#cite_note-Kettle-42">[42]</a> On 10 October 1862, it wrote: "It is impossible to cast any reflections upon a man so evidently sincere and well-intentioned as Mr Lincoln but it is also impossible not to feel that it was an evil day both for America and the world, when he was chosen President of the United States".<a href="#cite_note-Ayerst1971-43">[43]</a> By then, the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">Union blockade</a> was causing <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancashire_Cotton_Famine#Politics" title="Lancashire Cotton Famine">suffering in British towns</a>. Some including <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> supported the Confederacy as did "current opinion in all classes" in London. On 31 December 1862, cotton workers held a meeting at the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Hall" title="Free Trade Hall">Free Trade Hall</a> in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> which resolved "its detestation of negro slavery in America, and of the attempt of the rebellious Southern slave-holders to organise on the great American continent a nation having slavery as its basis". There was a comment that "an effort had been made in a leading article of the Manchester Guardian to deter the working men from assembling together for such a purpose". The newspaper reported all this and published their letter to President Lincoln<a href="#cite_note-Rodrigues_2013-44">[44]</a> while complaining that "the chief occupation, if not the chief object of the meeting, seems to have been to abuse the Manchester Guardian".<a href="#cite_note-Ayerst1971-43">[43]</a> Lincoln replied to the letter thanking the workers for their "sublime Christian heroism" and American ships delivered relief supplies to Britain.<a href="#cite_note-Rodrigues_2013-44">[44]</a> The newspaper reported the shock to the community of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">assassination of Abraham Lincoln</a> in 1865, concluding that "[t]he parting of his family with the dying President is too sad for description",<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_1402_2015-45">[45]</a> but in what from today's perspective looks an ill-judged editorial wrote that "[o]f his rule we can never speak except as a series of acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional right and human liberty", adding "it is doubtless to be regretted that he had not the opportunity of vindicating his good intentions".<a href="#cite_note-Kettle-42">[42]</a> According to <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Kettle" title="Martin Kettle">Martin Kettle</a>, writing for The Guardian in February 2011, "The Guardian had always hated slavery. But it doubted the Union hated slavery to the same degree. It argued that the Union had always tacitly condoned slavery by shielding the southern slave states from the condemnation they deserved. It was critical of Lincoln's emancipation proclamation for stopping short of a full repudiation of slavery throughout the US. And it chastised the president for being so willing to negotiate with the south, with slavery one of the issues still on the table".<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <h4>C. P. Scott</h4> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._P._Scott" title="C. P. Scott">C. P. Scott</a> made the newspaper nationally recognised. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor's son in 1907. Under Scott, the paper's moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Gladstone</a> when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> against popular opinion.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Scott supported the movement for <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a>, but was critical of any tactics by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffragettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragettes">Suffragettes</a> that involved <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a>:<a href="#cite_note-suffragettes-48">[48]</a> "The really ludicrous position is that <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Mr Lloyd George</a> is fighting to enfranchise seven million women and the militants are smashing unoffending people's windows and breaking up benevolent societies' meetings in a desperate effort to prevent him." Scott thought the Suffragettes' "courage and devotion" was "worthy of a better cause and saner leadership".<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> It has been argued that Scott's criticism reflected a widespread disdain, at the time, for those women who "transgressed the gender expectations of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian society</a>".<a href="#cite_note-suffragettes-48">[48]</a> Scott commissioned <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._Synge" class="mw-redirect" title="J. M. Synge">J. M. Synge</a> and his friend <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Yeats">Jack Yeats</a> to produce articles and drawings documenting the social conditions of the west of Ireland; these pieces were published in 1911 in the collection Travels in Wicklow, West Kerry and Connemara.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Scott's friendship with <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a> played a role in the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Declaration_of_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Balfour Declaration of 1917">Balfour Declaration of 1917</a>. In 1948 The Manchester Guardian was a supporter of the new State of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.[<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Ownership of the paper passed in June 1936 to the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Trust">Scott Trust</a> (named after the last owner, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Russell_Scott" title="John Russell Scott">John Russell Scott</a>, who was the first chairman of the Trust). This move ensured the paper's independence.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>[<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">additional citation(s) needed</a>] From 1930 to 1967, a special archival copy of all the daily newspapers was preserved in 700 <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> cases. These were found in 1988 whilst the newspaper's archives were deposited at the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>'s <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rylands_University_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rylands University Library">John Rylands University Library</a>, on the Oxford Road campus. The first case was opened and found to contain the newspapers issued in August 1930 in pristine condition. The zinc cases had been made each month by the newspaper's plumber and stored for posterity. The other 699 cases were not opened and were all returned to storage at The Guardian's garage, owing to shortage of space at the library.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <h4>Spanish Civil War</h4> Traditionally affiliated with the centrist to centre-left <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a>, and with a northern, non-conformist circulation base, the paper earned a national reputation and the respect of the left during the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (1936–1939). <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> wrote in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homage_to_Catalonia#Appendix_one" title="Homage to Catalonia">Homage to Catalonia</a> (1938): "Of our larger papers, the Manchester Guardian is the only one that leaves me with an increased respect for its honesty".<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> With the pro-Liberal <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Chronicle" title="News Chronicle">News Chronicle</a>, the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>-supporting <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Herald_(UK_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Herald (UK newspaper)">Daily Herald</a>, the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Communist Party of Great Britain">Communist Party</a>'s <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Daily Worker</a> and several Sunday and weekly papers, it supported the Republican government against General <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>'s insurgent nationalists.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <h4>Post-war</h4> The paper's then editor, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._P._Wadsworth" title="A. P. Wadsworth">A. P. Wadsworth</a>, so loathed Labour's <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> champion <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a>, who had made a reference to getting rid of "Tory Vermin" in a speech "and the hate-gospellers of his entourage" that it encouraged readers to vote Conservative in the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951 general election</a> and remove <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee's</a> post-war Labour government.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The newspaper opposed the creation of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> as it feared the state provision of healthcare would "eliminate selective elimination" and lead to an increase of congenitally deformed and feckless people.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The Manchester Guardian strongly opposed military intervention during the 1956 <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>: "The Anglo-French ultimatum to Egypt is an act of folly, without justification in any terms but brief expediency. It pours petrol on a growing fire. There is no knowing what kind of explosion will follow."<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On 24 August 1959, The Manchester Guardian changed its name to The Guardian. This change reflected the growing prominence of national and international affairs in the newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In September 1961, The Guardian, which had previously only been published in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, began to be printed in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesta_Roberts" title="Nesta Roberts">Nesta Roberts</a> was appointed as the newspaper's first news editor there, becoming the first woman to hold such a position on a British national newspaper. <a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <h3>1972 to 2000</h3> <h4>Northern Ireland conflict</h4> When 13 civil rights demonstrators in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> were killed by British soldiers on 30 January 1972 (known as <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1972)" title="Bloody Sunday (1972)">Bloody Sunday</a>), The Guardian said that "Neither side can escape condemnation."<a href="#cite_note-BloodySunday-62">[62]</a> Of the protesters, they wrote, "The organizers of the demonstration, Miss <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Devlin_McAliskey" title="Bernadette Devlin McAliskey">Bernadette Devlin</a> among them, deliberately challenged the ban on marches. They knew that stone throwing and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sniping" class="mw-redirect" title="Sniping">sniping</a> could not be prevented, and that the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">IRA</a> might use the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_shield" title="Human shield">crowd as a shield</a>."<a href="#cite_note-BloodySunday-62">[62]</a> Of the army, they wrote, "there seems little doubt that random shots were fired into the crowd, that aim was taken at individuals who were neither bombers nor weapons carriers and that excessive force was used".<a href="#cite_note-BloodySunday-62">[62]</a> Many Irish people believed that the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widgery_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Widgery Tribunal">Widgery Tribunal</a>'s ruling on the killings was a whitewash,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> a view that was later supported with the publication of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saville_inquiry" class="mw-redirect" title="Saville inquiry">Saville inquiry</a> in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> but in 1972 The Guardian declared that "Widgery's report is not one-sided" (20 April 1972).<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> At the time the paper also supported <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">internment</a> without trial in Northern Ireland: "Internment without trial is hateful, repressive and undemocratic. In the existing Irish situation, most regrettably, it is also inevitable... .To remove the ringleaders, in the hope that the atmosphere might calm down, is a step to which there is no obvious alternative."<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Before then, The Guardian had called for British troops to be sent to the region: British soldiers could "present a more disinterested face of law and order,"<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> but only on condition that "Britain takes charge."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <h4>Sarah Tisdall</h4> In 1983 the paper was at the centre of a controversy surrounding documents regarding the stationing of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a> in Britain that were leaked to The Guardian by civil servant <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Tisdall" title="Sarah Tisdall">Sarah Tisdall</a>. The paper eventually complied with a court order to hand over the documents to the authorities, which resulted in a six-month prison sentence for Tisdall,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> though she served only four. "I still blame myself," said <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Preston" title="Peter Preston">Peter Preston</a>, who was the editor of The Guardian at the time, but he went on to argue that the paper had no choice because it "believed in the rule of law".<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In an article discussing <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> and the protection of sources by journalists, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pilger" title="John Pilger">John Pilger</a> criticised The Guardian's editor for betraying Tisdall by choosing not to go to prison "on a fundamental principle of protecting a source".<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <h4>Alleged penetration by Russian intelligence</h4> In 1994, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> defector <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Gordievsky" title="Oleg Gordievsky">Oleg Gordievsky</a> identified Guardian literary editor <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Gott" title="Richard Gott">Richard Gott</a> as "an agent of influence". While Gott denied that he received cash, he admitted he had had lunch at the Soviet Embassy and had taken benefits from the KGB on overseas visits. Gott resigned from his post.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Gordievsky commented on the newspaper: "The KGB loved The Guardian. It was deemed highly susceptible to penetration."<a href="#cite_note-findarticles.com-73">[73]</a> <h4>Jonathan Aitken</h4> In 1995, both the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada Television">Granada Television</a> programme <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_in_Action" title="World in Action">World in Action</a> and The Guardian were sued for <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a> by the then cabinet minister <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Aitken#Libel,_arrest_and_prison" title="Jonathan Aitken">Jonathan Aitken</a>, for their allegation that <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a> owner <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Al_Fayed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Al Fayed">Mohamed Al Fayed</a> had paid for Aitken and his wife to stay at the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Ritz_Paris" title="Hôtel Ritz Paris">Hôtel Ritz</a> in Paris, which would have amounted to accepting a bribe on Aitken's part. Aitken publicly stated that he would fight with "the simple sword of truth and the trusty shield of British fair play".<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The court case proceeded, and in 1997 The Guardian produced evidence that Aitken's claim of his wife paying for the hotel stay was untrue.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In 1999, Aitken was jailed for <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perverting_the_course_of_justice" title="Perverting the course of justice">perverting the course of justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <h4>Connection</h4> In May 1998, a series of Guardian investigations exposed the wholesale fabrication of a much-garlanded ITV documentary The Connection, produced by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_Television#Factual_inaccuracy_in_1996_documentary" title="Carlton Television">Carlton Television.</a> The documentary purported to film an undiscovered route by which heroin was smuggled into the United Kingdom from Colombia. An internal inquiry at Carlton found that The Guardian's allegations were in large part correct and the then industry regulator, the ITC, punished Carlton with a record £2 million fine<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> for multiple breaches of the UK's broadcasting codes. The scandal led to an impassioned debate about the accuracy of documentary production.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Later in June 1998, The Guardian revealed further fabrications in another Carlton documentary from the same director.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <h4>Kosovo War</h4> The paper supported <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>'s military intervention in the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a> in 1998–1999. The Guardian stated that "the only honourable course for Europe and America is to use military force".<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Kaldor" title="Mary Kaldor">Mary Kaldor</a>'s piece was headlined "Bombs away! But to save civilians, we must get in some soldiers too."<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <h3>Since 2000</h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Guardian_senior_news_writer_Esther_Addley_interviewing_Ecuadorian_Foreign_Minister_Ricardo_Pati%C3%B1o.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Guardian_senior_news_writer_Esther_Addley_interviewing_Ecuadorian_Foreign_Minister_Ricardo_Pati%C3%B1o.jpg/220px-The_Guardian_senior_news_writer_Esther_Addley_interviewing_Ecuadorian_Foreign_Minister_Ricardo_Pati%C3%B1o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Guardian_senior_news_writer_Esther_Addley_interviewing_Ecuadorian_Foreign_Minister_Ricardo_Pati%C3%B1o.jpg/330px-The_Guardian_senior_news_writer_Esther_Addley_interviewing_Ecuadorian_Foreign_Minister_Ricardo_Pati%C3%B1o.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Guardian_senior_news_writer_Esther_Addley_interviewing_Ecuadorian_Foreign_Minister_Ricardo_Pati%C3%B1o.jpg/440px-The_Guardian_senior_news_writer_Esther_Addley_interviewing_Ecuadorian_Foreign_Minister_Ricardo_Pati%C3%B1o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canciller_Ricardo_Pati%C3%B1o_ofrece_entrevista_al_diario_%E2%80%9CThe_Guardian%E2%80%9D.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Guardian senior news writer Esther Addley interviewing Ecuadorian foreign minister <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Pati%C3%B1o" title="Ricardo Patiño">Ricardo Patiño</a> for an article relating to <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> in 2014.</div></div></div> In the early 2000s, The Guardian challenged the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a> and the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treason_Felony_Act_1848" title="Treason Felony Act 1848">Treason Felony Act 1848</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In October 2004, The Guardian published a humorous column by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Brooker" title="Charlie Brooker">Charlie Brooker</a> in its entertainment guide, the final sentence of which was viewed by some as a call for violence against U.S. President <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>; after a controversy, Brooker and the paper issued an apology, saying the "closing comments were intended as an ironic joke, not as a call to action."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Following the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7 July 2005 London bombings</a>, The Guardian published an article on its comment pages by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilpazier_Aslam" title="Dilpazier Aslam">Dilpazier Aslam</a>, a 27-year-old British Muslim and journalism trainee from <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Aslam was a member of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a>, an <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> group, and had published a number of articles on their website. According to the paper, it did not know that Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir when he applied to become a trainee, though several staff members were informed of this once he started at the paper.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> has claimed the group's "ultimate aim is the establishment of an Islamic state (Caliphate), according to Hizb ut-Tahrir via non-violent means". The Guardian asked Aslam to resign his membership of the group and, when he did not do so, terminated his employment.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In early 2009, the paper started a tax investigation into a number of major UK companies,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> including publishing a database of the tax paid by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTSE_100" class="mw-redirect" title="FTSE 100">FTSE 100</a> companies.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Internal documents relating to <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barclays_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclays Bank">Barclays Bank</a>'s <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_avoidance" title="Tax avoidance">tax avoidance</a> were removed from The Guardian website after Barclays obtained a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagging_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Gagging order">gagging order</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The paper played a pivotal role in exposing the depth of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_of_the_World_phone_hacking_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="News of the World phone hacking affair">News of the World phone hacking affair</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>'s <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Life_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent Life (magazine)">Intelligent Life</a> magazine opined that... <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996844942">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">As <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate</a> is to the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">thalidomide</a> to the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">Sunday Times</a>, so <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_International_phone_hacking_scandal" title="News International phone hacking scandal">phone-hacking</a> will surely be to The Guardian: a defining moment in its history.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></blockquote> <h4>Israeli-Palestinian conflict coverage</h4> In recent decades The Guardian has been accused of biased <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Israeli_government" title="Criticism of the Israeli government">criticism of Israeli government policy</a><a href="#cite_note-Sela-93">[93]</a> and of bias against the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In December 2003, columnist <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Burchill" title="Julie Burchill">Julie Burchill</a> cited "striking bias against the state of Israel" as one of the reasons she left the paper for The Times.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Responding to these accusations, a Guardian editorial in 2002 condemned antisemitism and defended the paper's right to criticise the policies and actions of the Israeli government, arguing that those who view such criticism as inherently anti-Jewish are mistaken.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Harriet Sherwood, then The Guardian's foreign editor, later its Jerusalem correspondent, has also denied that The Guardian has an anti-Israel bias, saying that the paper aims to cover all viewpoints in the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> On 6 November 2011, Chris Elliott, The Guardian's readers' editor, wrote that "Guardian reporters, writers and editors must be more vigilant about the language they use when writing about Jews or Israel," citing recent cases where The Guardian received complaints regarding language chosen to describe Jews or Israel. Elliott noted that, over nine months, he upheld complaints regarding language in certain articles that were seen as anti-Semitic, revising the language and footnoting this change.<a href="#cite_note-Elliott_responds-98">[98]</a> The Guardian's style guide section referred to <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> as the capital of Israel in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The Guardian later clarified: "In 1980, the Israeli Knesset enacted a law designating the city of Jerusalem, including East Jerusalem, as the country's capital. In response, the UN security council issued resolution 478, censuring the "change in character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem" and calling on all member states with diplomatic missions in the city to withdraw. The UN has reaffirmed this position on several occasions, and almost every country now has its embassy in Tel Aviv. While it was therefore right to issue a correction to make clear Israel's designation of Jerusalem as its capital is not recognised by the international community, we accept that it is wrong to state that Tel Aviv – the country's financial and diplomatic centre – is the capital. The style guide has been amended accordingly."<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_retract-101">[101]</a> On 11 August 2014 the print edition of The Guardian published a pro-Israeli advocacy advert during the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">2014 Israel–Gaza conflict</a> featuring <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a>, headed by the words "Jews rejected child sacrifice 3,500 years ago. Now it's Hamas' turn." The Times had decided against running the ad, although it had already appeared in major American newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> One week later, Chris Elliott expressed the opinion that the newspaper should have rejected the language used in the advert and should have negotiated with the advertiser on this matter.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <h4>Clark County</h4> In August 2004, for the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">US presidential election</a>, the daily G2 supplement launched an experimental letter-writing campaign in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_County,_Ohio" title="Clark County, Ohio">Clark County, Ohio</a>, an average-sized county in a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">swing state</a>. Editor <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Katz" title="Ian Katz">Ian Katz</a> bought a voter list from the county for $25 and asked readers to write to people listed as undecided in the election, giving them an impression of the international view and the importance of voting against President George W. Bush.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a>[<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">circular reference</a>] Katz admitted later that he did not believe Democrats who warned that the campaign would benefit Bush and not opponent <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rennie20041022-105">[105]</a> The newspaper scrapped "Operation Clark County" on 21 October 2004 after first publishing a column of responses—nearly all of them outraged—to the campaign under the headline "Dear Limey assholes".<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Some commentators suggested that the public's dislike of the campaign contributed to Bush's victory in Clark County.<a href="#cite_note-bowers-107">[107]</a> <h4>Guardian America and Guardian US</h4> In 2007, the paper launched Guardian America, an attempt to capitalise on its large online readership in the United States, which at the time stood at more than 5.9 million. The company hired former <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Prospect" class="mw-redirect" title="American Prospect">American Prospect</a> editor, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a> magazine columnist and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Review of Books">New York Review of Books</a> writer <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Tomasky" title="Michael Tomasky">Michael Tomasky</a> to head the project and hire a staff of American reporters and web editors. The site featured news from The Guardian that was relevant to an American audience: coverage of US news and the Middle East, for example.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Tomasky stepped down from his position as editor of Guardian America in February 2009, ceding editing and planning duties to other US and London staff. He retained his position as a columnist and blogger, taking the title editor-at-large.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In October 2009, the company abandoned the Guardian America homepage, instead directing users to a US news index page on the main Guardian website.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The following month, the company laid off six American employees, including a reporter, a multimedia producer and four web editors. The move came as Guardian News and Media opted to reconsider its US strategy amid a huge effort to cut costs across the company.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In subsequent years, however, The Guardian has hired various commentators on US affairs including <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Marie_Cox" title="Ana Marie Cox">Ana Marie Cox</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Wolff_(journalist)" title="Michael Wolff (journalist)">Michael Wolff</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Wolf" title="Naomi Wolf">Naomi Wolf</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald</a> and George W. Bush's former speechwriter <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Trevi%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Josh Treviño">Josh Treviño</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Treviño-113">[113]</a> Treviño's first blog post was an apology for a controversial tweet posted in June 2011 over the second Gaza flotilla, the controversy which had been revived by the appointment.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_US" title="Guardian US">Guardian US</a> launched in September 2011, led by editor-in-chief <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janine_Gibson" title="Janine Gibson">Janine Gibson</a>, which replaced the previous Guardian America service.<a href="#cite_note-PressRel-115">[115]</a> After a period during which <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Viner" title="Katharine Viner">Katharine Viner</a> served as the US editor-in-chief before taking charge of Guardian News and Media as a whole, Viner's former deputy, Lee Glendinning, was appointed to succeed her as head of the American operation at the beginning of June 2015.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <h4>Gagged from reporting Parliament</h4> In October 2009, The Guardian reported that it was forbidden to report on a parliamentary matter – a question recorded in a Commons order paper, to be answered by a minister later that week.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The paper noted that it was being "forbidden from telling its readers why the paper is prevented—for the first time in memory—from reporting parliament. Legal obstacles, which cannot be identified, involve proceedings, which cannot be mentioned, on behalf of a client who must remain secret. The only fact The Guardian can report is that the case involves the London solicitors <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter-Ruck" title="Carter-Ruck">Carter-Ruck</a>." The paper further claimed that this case appears "to call into question privileges guaranteeing free speech established under the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">1689 Bill of Rights</a>".<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The only parliamentary question mentioning Carter-Ruck in the relevant period was by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Farrelly" title="Paul Farrelly">Paul Farrelly</a> MP, in reference to legal action by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafigura" title="Trafigura">Trafigura</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The part of the question referencing Carter-Ruck relates to the latter company's September 2009 gagging order on the publication of a 2006 internal report<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> into the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire_toxic_waste_dump" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump">2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump</a> scandal, which involved a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class action</a> case that the company only settled in September 2009 after The Guardian published some of the commodity trader's internal emails.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The reporting injunction was lifted the next day, for Carter-Ruck withdrew it before The Guardian could challenge it in the High Court.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rusbridger" title="Alan Rusbridger">Alan Rusbridger</a> attributed the rapid back-down by Carter-Ruck to postings on Twitter,<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> as did a BBC article.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <h4>Edward Snowden leaks and intervention by the UK government</h4> In June 2013, the newspaper broke news of the secret collection of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verizon_Communications" title="Verizon Communications">Verizon</a> telephone records held by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s administration<a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> and subsequently revealed the existence of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM surveillance program</a> after it was leaked to the paper by former <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a> contractor <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-22">[22]</a> The Guardian said a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSMA-Notice" title="DSMA-Notice">DSMA-Notice</a> had been sent to editors and journalists on 7 June after the first Guardian story about the Snowden documents. It said the DSMA-Notice was being used as an "attempt to censor coverage of surveillance tactics employed by intelligence agencies in the UK and US".<a href="#cite_note-pg190613-127">[127]</a> The newspaper was subsequently contacted by the British government's Cabinet Secretary, Sir <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Heywood" title="Jeremy Heywood">Jeremy Heywood</a>, under instruction from Prime Minister David Cameron and Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a>, who ordered that the hard drives containing the information be destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The Guardian's offices were then visited in July by agents from the UK's <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Communications_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Communications Headquarters">GCHQ</a>, who supervised the destruction of the hard drives containing information acquired from Snowden.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The Guardian said it had destroyed the hard drives to avoid threatened legal action by the UK government that could have stopped it from reporting on US and British government surveillance contained in the documents.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> In June 2014, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a> reported that the information the government sought to suppress by destroying the hard drives related to the location of a "beyond top secret" internet monitoring base in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeb,_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Seeb, Oman">Seeb</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, and the close involvement of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_plc" title="Cable & Wireless plc">Cable & Wireless</a> in intercepting internet communications.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> criticised the newspaper for not publishing the entirety of the content when it had the chance.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Rusbridger had initially covered the Snowden documents without the government's supervision, but subsequently sought it, and established an ongoing relationship with the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_minister" title="Defence minister">Defence Ministry</a>. The Guardian coverage of Snowden later continued because the information had already been copied outside the United Kingdom, earning the newspaper a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>. Rusbridger and subsequent chief editors would sit on the government's <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSMA-Notice" title="DSMA-Notice">DSMA-notice</a> board.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <h4>Manafort–Assange secret meetings</h4> In a November 2018 Guardian article, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Harding" title="Luke Harding">Luke Harding</a> and Dan Collyns cited anonymous sources which stated that <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s former campaign manager <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a> held secret meetings with <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> founder <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London in 2013, 2015, and 2016.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The name of a third author, Fernando Villavicencio, was removed from the online version of the story soon after publication. The title of the story was originally 'Manafort held secret talks with Assange in Ecuadorian embassy'. A few hours after publication, 'sources say' was added to the title, and the meeting became an 'apparent meeting'.<a href="#cite_note-lemonde010119-135">[135]</a> One reporter characterized the story, "If it's right, it might be the biggest get this year. If it's wrong, it might be the biggest gaffe." Manafort and Assange both denied ever having met with the latter threatening legal action against The Guardian.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Ecuador's London consul Fidel Narváez, who had worked at <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Ecuador,_London" title="Embassy of Ecuador, London">Ecuador's embassy in London</a> from 2010 to July 2018, denied that Manafort's visits had happened.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Halimi" title="Serge Halimi">Serge Halimi</a> said Harding had a personal grievance against Assange and noted that Manafort's name does not appear in the Ecuadorian embassy’s visitors’ book and there were no pictures of Manafort entering or leaving "one of the most surveilled and filmed buildings on the planet".<a href="#cite_note-lemonde010119-135">[135]</a> <h4>Priti Patel cartoon</h4> The Guardian was accused of being "racist and misogynistic" after it published a cartoon depicting <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a> as a cow with a ring in its nose in an alleged reference to her <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> faith, since cows are considered sacred in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <h4>WikiLeaks coverage</h4> Journalist <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald</a> of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>, a former contributor to The Guardian, has accused The Guardian of falsifying the words of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> founder <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> in a report about the interview he gave to Italian newspaper La Repubblica. Greenwald wrote: "This article is about how those [Guardian's] false claims—fabrications, really—were spread all over the internet by journalists, causing hundreds of thousands of people (if not millions) to consume false news."<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The Guardian later amended its article about Assange.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a>[<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] After publishing a story on 13 January 2017 claiming that <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> had a "backdoor [that] allows snooping on messages", more than 70 professional cryptographers signed on to an open letter calling for The Guardian to retract the article.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> On 13 June 2017, editor Paul Chadwick released an article detailing the flawed reporting in the original January article, which was amended to remove references to a backdoor.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <h2>Ownership and finances</h2> The Guardian is part of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a> (GMG) of newspapers, radio stations and print media. GMG components include <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_Weekly" title="The Guardian Weekly">The Guardian Weekly</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheGuardian.com" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a>. All were owned by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Trust_Limited" title="Scott Trust Limited">The Scott Trust</a>, a charitable foundation existing between 1936 and 2008, which aimed to ensure the paper's <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">editorial independence</a> in perpetuity, maintaining its financial health to ensure it did not become vulnerable to takeovers by commercial media groups. At the beginning of October 2008, the Scott Trust's assets were transferred to a new limited company, The Scott Trust Limited, with the intention being that the original trust would be wound up.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Dame <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Forgan" title="Liz Forgan">Liz Forgan</a>, chair of the Scott Trust, reassured staff that the purposes of the new company remained the same as under the previous arrangements. <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Guardian_Building_Window_in_London.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Guardian_Building_Window_in_London.JPG/220px-The_Guardian_Building_Window_in_London.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Guardian_Building_Window_in_London.JPG/330px-The_Guardian_Building_Window_in_London.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Guardian_Building_Window_in_London.JPG/440px-The_Guardian_Building_Window_in_London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3170" data-file-height="1940"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Guardian_Building_Window_in_London.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Guardian's headquarters in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></div></div> The Guardian is the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">audit</a> in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> It is also the only British national daily newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the "readers' editor") to handle complaints and corrections. The Guardian and its parent groups participate in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Syndicate" title="Project Syndicate">Project Syndicate</a> and intervened in 1995 to save the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian" title="Mail & Guardian">Mail & Guardian</a> in South Africa; GMG sold the majority of its shares of the Mail & Guardian in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The Guardian was consistently loss-making until 2019.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer, reported operating losses of £49.9 million in 2006, up from £18.6 million in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The paper was therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group. The continual losses made by the National Newspaper division of the Guardian Media Group caused it to dispose of its Regional Media division by selling titles to competitor <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Mirror">Trinity Mirror</a> in March 2010. This included the flagship <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News" title="Manchester Evening News">Manchester Evening News</a>, and severed the historic link between that paper and The Guardian. The sale was in order to safeguard the future of The Guardian newspaper as is the intended purpose of the Scott Trust.<a href="#cite_note-M.E.N_sold_to_Trinity_Mirror-151">[151]</a> In June 2011 Guardian News and Media revealed increased annual losses of £33 million and announced that it was looking to focus on its online edition for news coverage, leaving the print edition to contain more comments and features. It was also speculated that The Guardian might become the first British national daily paper to be fully online.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> For the three years up to June 2012, the paper lost £100,000 a day, which prompted Intelligent Life to question whether The Guardian could survive.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Between 2007 and 2014 The Guardian Media Group sold all their side businesses, of regional papers and online portals for classifieds and consolidated, into The Guardian as sole product. The sales let them acquire a capital stock of £838.3 million as of July 2014, supposed to guarantee the independence of the Guardian in perpetuity. In the first year, the paper made more losses than predicted, and in January 2016 the publishers announced, that The Guardian will cut 20 per cent of staff and costs within the next three years.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The newspaper is rare in calling for direct contributions "to deliver the independent journalism the world needs."<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The Guardian Media Group's 2018 annual report (year ending 1 April 2018) indicated some significant changes occurring. Its digital (online) editions accounted for over 50% of group revenues by that time; the loss from news and media operations was £18.6 million, 52% lower than during the prior year (2017: £38.9 million). The Group had cut costs by £19.1 million, partly by switching its print edition to the tabloid format. The Guardian Media Group's owner, the Scott Trust Endowment Fund, reported that its value at the time was £1.01 billion (2017: £1.03 billion).<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In the following financial report (for the year 2018/2019), the group reported a profit (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBITDA" class="mw-redirect" title="EBITDA">EBITDA</a>) of £0.8 million before exceptional items, thus breaking even in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <h3>"Membership" subscription scheme</h3> In 2014, The Guardian launched a membership scheme.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The scheme aims to reduce the financial losses incurred by The Guardian without introducing a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">paywall</a>, thus maintaining open access to the website. Website readers can pay a monthly subscription, with three tiers available.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> As of 2018 this approach was considered successful, having brought more than 1 million subscriptions or donations, with the paper hoping to break even by April 2019.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-20181112-162">[162]</a> <h3>Foundation funding</h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Guardian_Foundation_-_Senate_House_History_Day_2019.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Guardian_Foundation_-_Senate_House_History_Day_2019.jpg/220px-The_Guardian_Foundation_-_Senate_House_History_Day_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Guardian_Foundation_-_Senate_House_History_Day_2019.jpg/330px-The_Guardian_Foundation_-_Senate_House_History_Day_2019.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Guardian_Foundation_-_Senate_House_History_Day_2019.jpg/440px-The_Guardian_Foundation_-_Senate_House_History_Day_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Guardian_Foundation_-_Senate_House_History_Day_2019.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Guardian Foundation at the Senate House History Day, 2019.</div></div></div> In 2016, the company established a U.S.-based philanthropic arm to raise money from individuals and organizations including think tanks and corporate foundations.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The grants are focused by the donors on particular issues. By the following year, the organization had raised $1 million from the likes of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Omidyar" title="Pierre Omidyar">Pierre Omidyar</a>'s Humanity United, the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoll_Foundation" title="Skoll Foundation">Skoll Foundation</a>, and the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_N._Hilton_Foundation" title="Conrad N. Hilton Foundation">Conrad N. Hilton Foundation</a> to finance reporting on topics including modern-day slavery and climate change. The Guardian has stated that it has secured $6 million "in multi-year funding commitments" thus far.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The new project developed from funding relationships which the paper already had with the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller</a>, and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Gates had given the organization $5 million<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> for its Global Development webpage.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> As of March 2020, the journal claims to be "the first major global news organisation to institute an outright ban on taking money from companies that extract fossil fuels."<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <h2>Political stance and editorial opinion</h2> Founded by textile traders and merchants, in its early years The Guardian had a reputation as "an organ of the middle class",<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> or in the words of C. P. Scott's son Ted, "a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last".<a href="#cite_note-Hunter2003-170">[170]</a> Associated at first with the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Circle" title="Little Circle">Little Circle</a> and hence with <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a> as expressed by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a> and later by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a>, its political orientation underwent a decisive change after <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, leading to a gradual alignment with <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> and the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Political left">political left</a> in general. The <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Trust_Limited" title="Scott Trust Limited">Scott Trust</a> describes one of its "core purposes" to be "to secure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian in perpetuity: as a quality national newspaper without party affiliation; remaining faithful to its liberal tradition".<a href="#cite_note-GST1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Affiliation-171">[171]</a> The paper's readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion: a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MORI" class="mw-redirect" title="MORI">MORI</a> poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80 per cent of Guardian readers were Labour Party voters;<a href="#cite_note-International_Socialism_2003-12">[12]</a> according to another MORI poll taken in 2005, 48 per cent of Guardian readers were Labour voters and 34 per cent <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a> voters.<a href="#cite_note-Ipsos_MORI-13">[13]</a> The term "Guardian reader" can be used to imply a stereotype of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">liberal</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> or "<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_correct" class="mw-redirect" title="Politically correct">politically correct</a>" views.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian2003158-3">[3]</a> Although the paper is often considered to be "linked inextricably" to the Labour Party,<a href="#cite_note-Affiliation-171">[171]</a> three of The Guardian's four leader writers joined the more centrist <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party</a> on its foundation in 1981. The paper was enthusiastic in its support for <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> in his successful bid to lead the Labour Party,<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> and to be elected Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> On 19 January 2003, two months before the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>, an Observer Editorial said: "Military intervention in the Middle East holds many dangers. But if we want a lasting peace it may be the only option. ... War with Iraq may yet not come, but, conscious of the potentially terrifying responsibility resting with the British Government, we find ourselves supporting the current commitment to a possible use of force."<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> But The Guardian opposed the war, along with the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Then Guardian features editor Ian Katz asserted in 2004 that "it is no secret we are a centre-left newspaper".<a href="#cite_note-undecidedvoters-176">[176]</a> In 2008, Guardian columnist <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Ashley" title="Jackie Ashley">Jackie Ashley</a> said that editorial contributors were a mix of "right-of-centre <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarians</a>, greens, Blairites, Brownites, Labourite but less enthusiastic Brownites, etc," and that the newspaper was "clearly left of centre and vaguely progressive". She also said that "you can be absolutely certain that come the next general election, The Guardian's stance will not be dictated by the editor, still less any foreign proprietor (it helps that there isn't one) but will be the result of vigorous debate within the paper".<a href="#cite_note-Guardianistas-177">[177]</a> The paper's comment and opinion pages, though often written by centre-left contributors such as <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_Toynbee" title="Polly Toynbee">Polly Toynbee</a>, have allowed some space for right-of-centre voices such as <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Hastings" title="Max Hastings">Sir Max Hastings</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a>. Since an editorial in 2000, The Guardian has favoured abolition of the British monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> "I write for the Guardian," said Max Hastings in 2005,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> "because it is read by the new establishment," reflecting the paper's then-growing influence. In the run-up to the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a>, following a meeting of the editorial staff,<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> the paper declared its support for the Liberal Democrats, due in particular, to the party's stance on <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">electoral reform</a>. The paper suggested <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_voting" title="Tactical voting">tactical voting</a> to prevent a Conservative victory, given Britain's <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post</a> electoral system.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> At <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">the 2015 election</a>, the paper switched its support to the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>. The paper argued that Britain needed a new direction and Labour "speaks with more urgency than its rivals on social justice, standing up to predatory capitalism, on investment for growth, on reforming and strengthening the public realm, Britain's place in Europe and international development".<a href="#cite_note-lab2015-182">[182]</a> Assistant Editor Michael White, in discussing media self-censorship in March 2011, says: "I have always sensed liberal, middle class ill-ease in going after stories about immigration, legal or otherwise, about welfare fraud or the less attractive tribal habits of the working class, which is more easily ignored altogether. Toffs, including royal ones, Christians, especially popes, governments of Israel, and US <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> are more straightforward targets."<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> In a 2013 interview for <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, The Guardian's Latin America correspondent <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rory_Carroll" title="Rory Carroll">Rory Carroll</a> stated that many editors at The Guardian believed and continue to believe that they should support <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> "because he was a standard-bearer for the left".<a href="#cite_note-NPR2013-184">[184]</a> In the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 United Kingdom general election</a> it endorsed the Labour Party.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> In the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2015 Labour Party leadership election</a>, The Guardian supported <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Yvette Cooper</a> and was critical of left-winger <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>, the successful candidate.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> These positions were criticised by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a>, which accused The Guardian of being conservative.<a href="#cite_note-MS1-187">[187]</a> Although the majority of political columnists in The Guardian were against Corbyn winning, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Jones_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen Jones (writer)">Owen Jones</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seumas_Milne" title="Seumas Milne">Seumas Milne</a>, and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Monbiot" title="George Monbiot">George Monbiot</a> wrote supportive articles about him. In the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum</a> it endorsed remaining in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Despite this critical position, The Guardian endorsed the Labour Party whilst Jeremy Corbyn was its leader in the 2017<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> and 2019 - although in both cases they endorsed a vote for opposition parties other than Labour, such as the Liberal Democrats and the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> in seats where Labour did not stand a chance.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> general elections. In the 2019 European election The Guardian invited its readers to vote for pro-EU candidates, without endorsing specific parties.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <h2>Circulation and format</h2> The Guardian had a certified average daily circulation of 204,222 copies in December 2012 — a drop of 11.25 per cent in January 2012 — as compared to sales of 547,465 for The Daily Telegraph, 396,041 for The Times, and 78,082 for The Independent.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-192">[192]</a> In March 2013, its average daily circulation had fallen to 193,586, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Circulation has continued to decline and stood at 161,091 in December 2016, a decline of 2.98 per cent year-on-year.<a href="#cite_note-circ-194">[194]</a> In July 2021, the circulation was 105,134; later that year, the publishers stopped making circulation data public.<a href="#cite_note-circlead-4">[4]</a> <h3>Publication history</h3> <table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399"/></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Guardian&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GuardianNewsroom.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/GuardianNewsroom.jpg/220px-GuardianNewsroom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/GuardianNewsroom.jpg/330px-GuardianNewsroom.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/GuardianNewsroom.jpg/440px-GuardianNewsroom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GuardianNewsroom.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Guardian's Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian</div></div></div> The first edition was published on 5 May 1821,<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> at which time The Guardian was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British pre-decimal coin)">d</a>; the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_duty" title="Stamp duty">stamp duty</a> on newspapers (4d per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836, The Guardian added a Wednesday edition and with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d. In October 1952, the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: "It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion."<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Following the closure of the Anglican Church Newspaper, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_(Anglican_newspaper)" title="The Guardian (Anglican newspaper)">The Guardian</a>, in 1951, the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title in 1959, becoming simply The Guardian.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> In 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the more downmarket but more profitable Manchester Evening News. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s.[<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On 12 February 1988, The Guardian had a significant redesign; as well as improving the quality of its printers' ink, it also changed its masthead to a juxtaposition of an <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a> "The", with a bold <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a> "Guardian", that remained in use until the 2005 redesign. In 1992, The Guardian relaunched its features section as G2, a tabloid-format supplement. This innovation was widely copied by the other "quality" broadsheets and ultimately led to the rise of "compact" papers and The Guardian's move to the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_(format)" title="Berliner (format)">Berliner format</a>. In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_war" title="Price war">price war</a> started by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Rupert Murdoch</a>'s The Times. In June 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonrho" title="Lonrho">Lonrho</a>, thus gaining a serious <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_editions" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday editions">Sunday sister newspaper</a> with similar political views. Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. The Guardian Weekly was also linked to a website for expatriates, Guardian Abroad, which was launched in 2007 but had been taken offline by 2012. <h3>Moving to the Berliner paper format</h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Guardian_6._6._14.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/The_Guardian_6._6._14.jpg/220px-The_Guardian_6._6._14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ca/The_Guardian_6._6._14.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="387"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Guardian_6._6._14.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Front page of 6 June 2014 edition in the Berliner format.</div></div></div> The Guardian is printed in full colour,<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> and was the first newspaper in the UK to use the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_(format)" title="Berliner (format)">Berliner</a> format for its main section, while producing sections and supplements in a range of page sizes including tabloid, approximately A4, and pocket-size (approximately A5). In 2004, The Guardian announced plans to change to a Berliner or "midi" format,<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> similar to that used by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Tageszeitung" title="Die Tageszeitung">Die Tageszeitung</a> in Germany, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> in France and many other European papers. At 470×315 mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a>. Planned for the autumn of 2005, this change followed moves by The Independent and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> to start publishing in tabloid (or compact) format. On Thursday, 1 September 2005, The Guardian announced that it would launch the new format on Monday 12 September 2005.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> Sister Sunday newspaper The Observer also changed to this new format on 8 January 2006. The format switch was accompanied by a comprehensive redesign of the paper's look. On Friday, 9 September 2005, the newspaper unveiled its newly designed front page, which débuted on Monday 12 September 2005. Designed by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Porter_(designer)" title="Mark Porter (designer)">Mark Porter</a>, the new look includes a new <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masthead_(British_publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Masthead (British publishing)">masthead</a> for the newspaper, its first since 1988. A typeface family designed by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Barnes_(designer)" title="Paul Barnes (designer)">Paul Barnes</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Schwartz" title="Christian Schwartz">Christian Schwartz</a> was created for the new design. With just over 200 fonts, it was described as "one of the most ambitious custom type programs ever commissioned by a newspaper".<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-fontshop2006-202">[202]</a> Among the fonts is <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Egyptian" title="Guardian Egyptian">Guardian Egyptian</a>, a <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slab_serif" title="Slab serif">slab serif</a> that is used in various weights for both text and headlines, and is central to the redesign. The switch cost Guardian Newspapers £80 million and involved setting up new printing presses in east London and Manchester.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> This switch was necessary because, before The Guardian's move, no printing presses in Britain could produce newspapers in the Berliner format. There were additional complications, as one of the paper's presses was part-owned by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">Telegraph Newspapers</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Express">Express Newspapers</a>, contracted to use the plant until 2009. Another press was shared with the Guardian Media Group's north-western tabloid local papers, which did not wish to switch to the Berliner format. <h4>Reception</h4> The new format was generally well received by Guardian readers, who were encouraged to provide feedback on the changes. The only controversy was over the dropping of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doonesbury" title="Doonesbury">Doonesbury</a> cartoon strip. The paper reported thousands of calls and emails complaining about its loss; within 24 hours the decision was reversed and the strip was reinstated the following week. G2 supplement editor Ian Katz, who was responsible for dropping it, apologised in the editors' blog saying, "I'm sorry, once again, that I made you—and the hundreds of fellow fans who have called our helpline or mailed our comments' address—so cross."<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> However, some readers were dissatisfied as the earlier deadline needed for the all-colour sports section meant coverage of late-finishing evening football matches became less satisfactory in the editions supplied to some parts of the country. The investment was rewarded with a circulation rise. In December 2005, the average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6 per cent higher than the figure for December 2004.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> (However, as of December 2012, circulation had dropped to 204,222.)<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> In 2006, the US-based <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_News_Design" title="Society for News Design">Society for News Design</a> chose The Guardian and Polish daily <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczpospolita_(newspaper)" title="Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)">Rzeczpospolita</a> as the world's best-designed newspapers—from among 389 entries from 44 countries.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <h3>Tabloid format since 2018</h3> In June 2017, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a> (GMG) announced that The Guardian and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> would relaunch in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid format</a> from early 2018.<a href="#cite_note-tabloid-208">[208]</a> The Guardian confirmed the launch date for the new format to be 15 January 2018. GMG also signed a contract with <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Mirror">Trinity Mirror</a> – the publisher of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a>, and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday People">Sunday People</a> – to <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">outsource</a> printing of The Guardian and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> The format change is intended to help cut costs as it allows the paper to be printed by a wider array of presses, and outsourcing the printing to presses owned by Trinity Mirror is expected to save millions of pounds annually. The move is part of a three-year plan that includes cutting 300 jobs in an attempt to reduce losses and break even by 2019.<a href="#cite_note-tabloid-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> The paper and ink are the same as previously and the font size is fractionally larger.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-211">[211]</a> An assessment of the response from readers in late April 2018 indicated that the new format had led to an increased number of subscriptions. The editors were working on changing aspects that had caused complaints from readers.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-211">[211]</a> In July 2018, the masthead of the new tabloid format was adjusted to a dark blue.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> <h2>Online media</h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheGuardian.com" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></div> The Guardian and its Sunday sibling The Observer publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site's hits are for items over a month old.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> As of May 2013, it was the most popular UK newspaper website with 8.2 million unique visitors per month, just ahead of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail Online">Mail Online</a> with 7.6 million unique monthly visitors.<a href="#cite_note-journalism553108-214">[214]</a> In April 2011, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_Media_Group" title="Haymarket Media Group">MediaWeek</a> reported that The Guardian was the fifth most popular newspaper site in the world.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Journalists use an analytics tool called Ophan, built entire in-house, to measure website data around stories and audience.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> The Guardian launched an <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile application</a> for its content in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> An <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> app followed in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> In 2018, the newspaper announced its apps and mobile website would be redesigned to coincide with its relaunch as a tabloid.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> The <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comment_is_Free" class="mw-redirect" title="Comment is Free">Comment is Free</a> section features columns by the paper's journalists and regular commentators, as well as articles from guest writers, including readers' comments and responses below. The section includes all the opinion pieces published in the paper itself, as well as many others that only appear online. Censorship is exercised by Moderators who can ban posts – with no right of appeal – by those who they feel have overstepped the mark. The Guardian has taken what they call a very "open" stance in delivering news, and have launched an open platform for their content. This allows external developers to easily use Guardian content in external applications, and even to feed third-party content back into the Guardian network.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> The Guardian also had a number of talkboards that were noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy until they were closed on Friday, 25 February 2011 after they had settled a libel action brought after months of harassment of a conservative party activist.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> They were spoofed in The Guardian's own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL that pointed to The Guardian's talkboards. In August 2013, a webshow titled Thinkfluencer<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> was launched by Guardian Multimedia in association with <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a>. In 2004 the paper also launched a dating website, Guardian Soulmates.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> On 1 July 2020, Guardian Soulmates was closed down with the explanation: "It hasn’t been an easy decision to make, but the online dating world is a very different place to when we first launched online in July 2004. There are so many dating apps now, so many ways to meet people, which are often free and very quick."<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <h3>Podcasts</h3> The paper entered <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Podcasting">podcasting</a> in 2005 with a twelve-part weekly <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a> series by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky_Gervais" title="Ricky Gervais">Ricky Gervais</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> In January 2006, Gervais' show topped the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide,<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> and was scheduled to be listed in the 2007 <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a> as the most downloaded podcast.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> The Guardian now offers several regular podcasts made by its journalists. One of the most prominent is Today in Focus, a daily news podcast hosted by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anushka_Asthana" title="Anushka Asthana">Anushka Asthana</a> and launched on 1 November 2018. It was an immediate success<a href="#cite_note-BMA_20190522-229">[229]</a> and became one of the UK's most-downloaded podcasts.<a href="#cite_note-BMA_20190522-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <h2>GuardianFilms</h2> In 2003, The Guardian started the film production company GuardianFilms, headed by journalist Maggie O'Kane. Much of the company's output is documentary made for television– and it has included <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salam_Pax" title="Salam Pax">Salam Pax</a>'s <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Blogger" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Blogger">Baghdad Blogger</a> for <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>'s daily flagship <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsnight" title="Newsnight">Newsnight</a>, some of which have been shown in compilations by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> International, Sex on the Streets and Spiked, both made for the UK's <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> television.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> GuardianFilms has received several broadcasting awards. In addition to two Amnesty International Media Awards in 2004 and 2005, The Baghdad Blogger: Salam Pax won a Royal Television Society Award in 2005. Baghdad: A Doctor's Story won an Emmy Award for Best International Current Affairs film in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-233">[233]</a> In 2008, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Smith_(photojournalist_and_filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sean Smith (photojournalist and filmmaker)">photojournalist Sean Smith's</a> Inside the Surge won the Royal Television Society award for best international news film – the first time a newspaper has won such an award.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> The same year, The Guardian's <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katine" title="Katine">Katine</a> website was awarded for its outstanding new media output at the One World Media awards. Again in 2008, GuardianFilms' undercover video report revealing vote rigging by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>'s <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF" title="ZANU–PF">ZANU–PF</a> party during the 2007 Zimbabwe election won best news programme of the year at the Broadcast Awards.<a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> <h2>References in popular culture</h2> The paper's nickname The Grauniad (sometimes abbreviated as "Graun") originated with the satirical magazine <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Eye_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Eye (magazine)">Private Eye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> This <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagram" title="Anagram">anagram</a> played on The Guardian's early reputation for frequent <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographical_error" title="Typographical error">typographical errors</a>, including misspelling its own name as The Gaurdian.<a href="#cite_note-Bernhard-238">[238]</a> The first issue of the newspaper contained a number of errors, including a notification that there would soon be some goods sold at atction instead of auction. Fewer typographical errors are seen in the paper since the end of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting" title="Hot metal typesetting">hot-metal typesetting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> One Guardian writer, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Devlin" title="Keith Devlin">Keith Devlin</a>, suggested that the high number of observed misprints was due more to the quality of the readership than the misprints' greater frequency.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> The fact that the newspaper was printed in Manchester until 1961 and the early, more error-prone, prints were sent to London by train may have contributed to this image as well.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bernhard-238">[238]</a> When <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cole_(journalist)" title="John Cole (journalist)">John Cole</a> was appointed news editor by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair_Hetherington" title="Alastair Hetherington">Alastair Hetherington</a> in 1963, he sharpened the paper's comparatively "amateurish" setup.<a href="#cite_note-guardian_obit-242">[242]</a> Employees of The Guardian and sister paper The Observer have been depicted in the films <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fifth_Estate_(film)" title="The Fifth Estate (film)">The Fifth Estate</a> (2013), <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowden_(film)" title="Snowden (film)">Snowden</a> (2016) and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Secrets_(film)" title="Official Secrets (film)">Official Secrets</a> (2019), while <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_Considine" title="Paddy Considine">Paddy Considine</a> played a fictional Guardian journalist in the film <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bourne_Ultimatum_(film)" title="The Bourne Ultimatum (film)">The Bourne Ultimatum</a> (2007). <h2>Awards</h2> <h3>Received</h3> The Guardian has been awarded the National Newspaper of the Year in 1998, 2005,<a href="#cite_note-gazetteroll-243">[243]</a> 2010<a href="#cite_note-Guardian06042011-244">[244]</a> and 2013<a href="#cite_note-award-23">[23]</a> by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Press_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="British Press Awards">British Press Awards</a>, and Front Page of the Year in 2002 ("A declaration of war", 12 September 2001).<a href="#cite_note-gazetteroll-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> It was also co-winner of the World's Best-designed Newspaper as awarded by the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_News_Design" title="Society for News Design">Society for News Design</a> (2005, 2007, 2013, 2014).<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Guardian journalists have won a range of British Press Awards, including:<a href="#cite_note-gazetteroll-243">[243]</a> <ul><li>Reporter of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Davies" title="Nick Davies">Nick Davies</a>, 2000;<a href="#cite_note-British_Press_Awards:_Past_winners-247">[247]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lewis_(journalist)" title="Paul Lewis (journalist)">Paul Lewis</a>, 2010;<a href="#cite_note-gazetteroll2-248">[248]</a> Rob Evans & Paul Lewis, 2014);<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a></li> <li>Foreign Reporter of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Meek_(author)" title="James Meek (author)">James Meek</a>, 2004;<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaith_Abdul-Ahad" title="Ghaith Abdul-Ahad">Ghaith Abdul-Ahad</a>, 2008);<a href="#cite_note-pressg08-251">[251]</a></li> <li>Scoop of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milly_Dowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Milly Dowler">Milly Dowler</a> phone hacked, 2012)<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a></li> <li>Young Journalist of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Brockes" title="Emma Brockes">Emma Brockes</a>, 2001;<a href="#cite_note-BCouncil-253">[253]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Kingsley_(journalist)" title="Patrick Kingsley (journalist)">Patrick Kingsley</a>, 2013);<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a></li> <li>Columnist of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_Toynbee" title="Polly Toynbee">Polly Toynbee</a>, 2007;<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Brooker" title="Charlie Brooker">Charlie Brooker</a>, 2009);<a href="#cite_note-pressgazette1-256">[256]</a></li> <li>Critic of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_O%27Loughlin" title="Marina O'Loughlin">Marina O'Loughlin</a>, 2015);<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li> <li>Feature Writer of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Brockes" title="Emma Brockes">Emma Brockes</a>, 2002;<a href="#cite_note-BCouncil-253">[253]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Gold" title="Tanya Gold">Tanya Gold</a>, 2009;<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Gentleman" title="Amelia Gentleman">Amelia Gentleman</a>, 2010);<a href="#cite_note-Guardian06042011-244">[244]</a></li> <li>Cartoonist of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Bell_(cartoonist)" title="Steve Bell (cartoonist)">Steve Bell</a>, 2003);<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a></li> <li>Political Journalist of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Wintour" title="Patrick Wintour">Patrick Wintour</a>, 2006; <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Sparrow" title="Andrew Sparrow">Andrew Sparrow</a>, 2010);<a href="#cite_note-Guardian06042011-244">[244]</a></li> <li>Science & Health Journalist of the Year (Sarah Boseley, 2016);<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a></li> <li>Business & Finance Journalist of the Year (Ian Griffiths, 2005;<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Simon Goodley, 2014);<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a></li> <li>Interviewer of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Aitkenhead" title="Decca Aitkenhead">Decca Aitkenhead</a>, 2008);<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a></li> <li>Sports Reporter of the Year (David Lacey, 2002);<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a></li> <li>Sports Photographer of the Year (Tom Jenkins, 2003, 2005, 2006,<a href="#cite_note-:1-265">[265]</a> 2015);<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a></li> <li>Website of the Year (guardian.com/uk, 1999, 2001,<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> 2007,<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> 2008,<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> 2015,<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> 2020);<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a></li> <li>Digital Journalist of the Year (Dan Milmo, 2001;<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> Sean Smith, 2008;<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> Dave Hill, 2009)<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a></li> <li>Supplement of the Year (Guardian's Guides to..., 2007;<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> Weekend Magazine, 2015)<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a></li> <li>Special Supplement of the Year (World Cup 2010 Guide, 2010)<a href="#cite_note-Guardian06042011-244">[244]</a></li></ul> Other awards include: <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevins_Prize" title="Bevins Prize">Bevins Prize</a> for investigative journalism (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lewis_(journalist)" title="Paul Lewis (journalist)">Paul Lewis</a>, 2010);<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Gellhorn_Prize_for_Journalism" title="Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism">Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism</a> (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Davies" title="Nick Davies">Nick Davies</a>, 1999; <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_McGreal" title="Chris McGreal">Chris McGreal</a>, 2003; <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaith_Abdul-Ahad" title="Ghaith Abdul-Ahad">Ghaith Abdul-Ahad</a>, 2005;<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Cobain" title="Ian Cobain">Ian Cobain</a>, 2009).<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a></li></ul> The Guardian, Observer and its journalists have also won numerous accolades at the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Sports_Journalism_Awards" title="British Sports Journalism Awards">British Sports Journalism Awards</a>: <ul><li>Sports Writer of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Taylor_(journalist)" title="Daniel Taylor (journalist)">Daniel Taylor</a>, 2017)<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li> <li>Sports News Reporter of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Conn" title="David Conn">David Conn</a>, 2009, 2014)<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a></li> <li>Football Journalist of the Year (Daniel Taylor, 2015, 2016, 2017)<a href="#cite_note-:0-282">[282]</a></li> <li>Sports Interviewer of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_McRae_(author)" title="Donald McRae (author)">Donald McRae</a>, 2009, 2011)<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a></li> <li>Diarist of the Year (David Hills, 2009)<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a></li> <li>Sports Feature Writer of the Year (Donald McRae, 2017,<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> 2018)<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a></li> <li>Specialist Correspondent of the Year (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Ingle" title="Sean Ingle">Sean Ingle</a>, 2016,<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> 2017)<a href="#cite_note-:2-288">[288]</a></li> <li>Scoop of the Year (Daniel Taylor 2016;<a href="#cite_note-:0-282">[282]</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Kelner" title="Martha Kelner">Martha Kelner</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Ingle" title="Sean Ingle">Sean Ingle</a>, 2017)<a href="#cite_note-:2-288">[288]</a></li> <li>Sports Newspaper of the Year (2017)<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a></li> <li>Sports Website of the Year (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a></li> <li>Sports Journalists' Association Sports Portfolio of the Year (Tom Jenkins, 2011)<a href="#cite_note-:1-265">[265]</a></li></ul> The guardian.co.uk website won the Best Newspaper category three years running in 2005, 2006 and 2007 <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webby_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Webby Award">Webby Awards</a>, beating (in 2005) <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, The Washington Post, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> It has been the winner for six years in a row of the British Press Awards for Best Electronic Daily Newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> The site won an <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editor_%26_Publisher" title="Editor & Publisher">Eppy</a> award from the US-based magazine Editor & Publisher in 2000 for the best-designed newspaper online service.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> In 2007, the newspaper was ranked first in a study on transparency that analysed 25 mainstream English-language media vehicles, which was conducted by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda of the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> It scored 3.8 out of a possible 4.0. The Guardian and The Washington Post shared the 2014 <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Public_Service" title="Pulitzer Prize for Public Service">Pulitzer Prize for public service reporting</a> for their coverage of the NSA's and GCHQ's worldwide electronic surveillance program and the document leaks by whistleblower Edward Snowden.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> <h3>Given</h3> The Guardian is the sponsor of two major literary awards: The <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_First_Book_Award" title="Guardian First Book Award">Guardian First Book Award</a>, established in 1999 as a successor to the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Fiction_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian Fiction Award">Guardian Fiction Award</a>, which had run since 1965, and the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Children%27s_Fiction_Prize" title="Guardian Children's Fiction Prize">Guardian Children's Fiction Prize</a>, founded in 1967. In recent years the newspaper has also sponsored the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay_Festival" title="Hay Festival">Hay Festival</a> in <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay-on-Wye" title="Hay-on-Wye">Hay-on-Wye</a>. The annual <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Student_Media_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian Student Media Awards">Guardian Student Media Awards</a>, founded in 1999, recognise excellence in journalism and design of British university and college <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Student newspapers">student newspapers</a>, magazines and websites. In memory of <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Foot_(journalist)" title="Paul Foot (journalist)">Paul Foot</a>, who died in 2004, The Guardian and Private Eye jointly set up the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Foot_Award" title="Paul Foot Award">Paul Foot Award</a>, with an annual £10,000 prize fund, for investigative or campaigning journalism.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> The newspaper produces <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_100_Best_Footballers_In_The_World" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guardian 100 Best Footballers In The World">The Guardian 100 Best Footballers In The World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> Since 2018 it has also co-produced the female equivalent, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_100_Best_Female_Footballers_In_The_World" title="The 100 Best Female Footballers In The World">The 100 Best Female Footballers In The World</a>. In 2016, The Guardian began awarding an annual <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_Footballer_of_the_Year" title="The Guardian Footballer of the Year">Footballer of the Year</a> award, given to a footballer regardless of gender "who has done something truly remarkable, whether by overcoming adversity, helping others or setting a sporting example by acting with exceptional honesty."<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> <h3>Best books lists</h3> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian%27s_100_Best_Novels_Written_in_English" title="The Guardian's 100 Best Novels Written in English">The Guardian's 100 best novels</a> is a list of the best English-language novels as selected by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McCrum" title="Robert McCrum">Robert McCrum</a>.</li> <li>The Guardian's 100 greatest non-fiction book list has come out in 2011<a href="#cite_note-100_Best_Nonfiction_2011-300">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> and in 2017, as selected by Robert McCrum.<a href="#cite_note-100_Best_Nonfiction_2017-302">[302]</a></li></ul> <h2>Editors</h2> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Term</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edward_Taylor" title="John Edward Taylor">John Edward Taylor</a> </td> <td>1821–1844 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Garnett" title="Jeremiah Garnett">Jeremiah Garnett</a> </td> <td>1844–1861 </td> <td>Served jointly with Russell Scott Taylor from 1847 to 1848 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russell Scott Taylor </td> <td>1847–1848 </td> <td>Served jointly with Jeremiah Garnett </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Edward Taylor </td> <td>1861–1872 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Prestwich_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Prestwich Scott">Charles Prestwich Scott</a> </td> <td>1872–1929 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Taylor_Scott" title="Edward Taylor Scott">Ted Scott</a> </td> <td>1929–1932 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Percival_Crozier" title="William Percival Crozier">William Percival Crozier</a> </td> <td>1932–1944 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Powell_Wadsworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Powell Wadsworth">Alfred Powell Wadsworth</a> </td> <td>1944–1956 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair_Hetherington" title="Alastair Hetherington">Alastair Hetherington</a> </td> <td>1956–1975 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Preston" title="Peter Preston">Peter Preston</a> </td> <td>1975–1995 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rusbridger" title="Alan Rusbridger">Alan Rusbridger</a> </td> <td>1995–2015 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Viner" title="Katharine Viner">Katharine Viner</a> </td> <td>2015–present </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2>Notable regular contributors (past and present)</h2> Columnists and journalists: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r998391716">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Aaronovitch" title="David Aaronovitch">David Aaronovitch</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Agate" title="James Agate">James Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Aitken_(journalist)" title="Ian Aitken (journalist)">Ian Aitken</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Aitkenhead" title="Decca Aitkenhead">Decca Aitkenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Aldiss" title="Brian Aldiss">Brian Aldiss</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Galbraith_Graham" title="John Galbraith Graham">Araucaria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Arlott" title="John Arlott">John Arlott</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Arnold-Forster" title="Mark Arnold-Forster">Mark Arnold-Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Ashley" title="Jackie Ashley">Jackie Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilpazier_Aslam" title="Dilpazier Aslam">Dilpazier Aslam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Baber" title="Harriet Baber">Harriet Baber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Banks-Smith" title="Nancy Banks-Smith">Nancy Banks-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Barden" title="Leonard Barden">Leonard Barden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Barton" title="Laura Barton">Laura Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Bennett_(journalist)" title="Catherine Bennett (journalist)">Catherine Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Berlins" title="Marcel Berlins">Marcel Berlins</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Michael Billington</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heston_Blumenthal" title="Heston Blumenthal">Heston Blumenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Blumenthal" title="Sidney Blumenthal">Sidney Blumenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutros_Boutros-Ghali" title="Boutros Boutros-Ghali">Boutros Boutros-Ghali</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_Boyle" title="Frankie Boyle">Frankie Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Boyle_(Moneyless_Man)" title="Mark Boyle (Moneyless Man)">Mark Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Bradley" title="Lloyd Bradley">Lloyd Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Brand" title="Russell Brand">Russell Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Brockes" title="Emma Brockes">Emma Brockes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Brooker" title="Charlie Brooker">Charlie Brooker</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom_Brooks" title="Thom Brooks">Thom Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Browning" title="Guy Browning">Guy Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Brummer" title="Alex Brummer">Alex Brummer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inayat_Bunglawala" title="Inayat Bunglawala">Inayat Bunglawala</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Bunting" title="Madeleine Bunting">Madeleine Bunting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Burchill" title="Julie Burchill">Julie Burchill</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Callow" title="Simon Callow">Simon Callow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cameron_(journalist)" title="James Cameron (journalist)">James Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Campbell_(journalist,_born_1944)" title="Duncan Campbell (journalist, born 1944)">Duncan Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neville_Cardus" title="Neville Cardus">Neville Cardus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Chancellor" title="Alexander Chancellor">Alexander Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kira_Cochrane" title="Kira Cochrane">Kira Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Cocker" title="Mark Cocker">Mark Cocker</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alistair_Cooke" title="Alistair Cooke">Alistair Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cole_(journalist)" title="John Cole (journalist)">John Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Coward" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalind Coward">Rosalind Coward</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavyn_Davies" title="Gavyn Davies">Gavyn Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Denselow" title="Robin Denselow">Robin Denselow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_Ditto" title="Beth Ditto">Beth Ditto</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Dowling" title="Tim Dowling">Tim Dowling</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Terry Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Elliott" title="Larry Elliott">Larry Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Engel" title="Matthew Engel">Matthew Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Edzard Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Evans" title="Harold Evans">Harold Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_Flinders" title="Evelyn Flinders">Evelyn Flinders</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Foot_(journalist)" title="Paul Foot (journalist)">Paul Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Forgan" title="Liz Forgan">Liz Forgan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_J._Ford" title="Brian J. Ford">Brian J. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_Foster" title="Dawn Foster">Dawn Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Fox" title="Ebenezer Fox">Ebenezer Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Frayn" title="Michael Frayn">Michael Frayn</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Freedland" title="Jonathan Freedland">Jonathan Freedland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadley_Freeman" title="Hadley Freeman">Hadley Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Gold" title="Tanya Gold">Tanya Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Goldacre" title="Ben Goldacre">Ben Goldacre</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gollancz" title="Victor Gollancz">Victor Gollancz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Gott" title="Richard Gott">Richard Gott</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._C._Grayling" title="A. C. Grayling">A. C. Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Greenslade" title="Roy Greenslade">Roy Greenslade</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaine_Greer" title="Germaine Greer">Germaine Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Harry_Griffin" title="A. Harry Griffin">A. Harry Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Hammersley" title="Ben Hammersley">Ben Hammersley</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Harper" title="Clifford Harper">Clifford Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Hastings" title="Max Hastings">Max Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hencke" title="David Hencke">David Hencke</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgina_Henry" title="Georgina Henry">Georgina Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Hilton" title="Isabel Hilton">Isabel Hilton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._T._Hobhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="L. T. Hobhouse">L. T. Hobhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._A._Hobson" title="J. A. Hobson">J. A. Hobson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Hodgkinson" title="Tom Hodgkinson">Tom Hodgkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Hodgkinson" title="Will Hodgkinson">Will Hodgkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Hoggart" title="Simon Hoggart">Simon Hoggart</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Holden" title="Stewart Holden">Stewart Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare_Hollingworth" title="Clare Hollingworth">Clare Hollingworth</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Hutton" title="Will Hutton">Will Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Hyde" title="Marina Hyde">Marina Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">C. L. R. James</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_James" title="Erwin James">Erwin James</a> (pseudonym)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldemar_Januszczak" title="Waldemar Januszczak">Waldemar Januszczak</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Jenkins" title="Simon Jenkins">Simon Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Johnson_(writer)" title="Stanley Johnson (writer)">Stanley Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Jones_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen Jones (writer)">Owen Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Kapranos" title="Alex Kapranos">Alex Kapranos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Kamali_Dehghan" title="Saeed Kamali Dehghan">Saeed Kamali Dehghan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Keegan" title="Victor Keegan">Victor Keegan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Kelner" title="Martin Kelner">Martin Kelner</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Kennedy" title="Emma Kennedy">Emma Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maev_Kennedy" title="Maev Kennedy">Maev Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Kettle" title="Martin Kettle">Martin Kettle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Arthur Koestler</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleks_Krotoski" title="Aleks Krotoski">Aleks Krotoski</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Lawson" title="Mark Lawson">Mark Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leigh_(journalist)" title="David Leigh (journalist)">David Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Liddle" title="Rod Liddle">Rod Liddle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue_Limb" title="Sue Limb">Sue Limb</a> (as Dulcie Domum)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maureen_Lipman" title="Maureen Lipman">Maureen Lipman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joris_Luyendijk" title="Joris Luyendijk">Joris Luyendijk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maddox" title="John Maddox">John Maddox</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Malcolm" title="Derek Malcolm">Derek Malcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnjoe_McFadden" title="Johnjoe McFadden">Johnjoe McFadden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_McDougall" title="Dan McDougall">Dan McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_McIntosh_(journalist)" title="Neil McIntosh (journalist)">Neil McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_McKie" title="David McKie">David McKie</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth_McLean" title="Gareth McLean">Gareth McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Minton" title="Anna Minton">Anna Minton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Mitchell_(comedian)" title="David Mitchell (comedian)">David Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Monbiot" title="George Monbiot">George Monbiot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Edward_Montague" title="Charles Edward Montague">C. E. Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Moore" title="Suzanne Moore">Suzanne Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Muggeridge" title="Malcolm Muggeridge">Malcolm Muggeridge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Naughtie" title="James Naughtie">James Naughtie</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Norton-Taylor" title="Richard Norton-Taylor">Richard Norton-Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_O%27Kane" title="Maggie O'Kane">Maggie O'Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susie_Orbach" title="Susie Orbach">Susie Orbach</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Palast" title="Greg Palast">Greg Palast</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Pallister" title="David Pallister">David Pallister</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Parkinson" title="Michael Parkinson">Michael Parkinson</a></li> <li>'<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salam_Pax" title="Salam Pax">Salam Pax</a>'</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Perrin" title="Jim Perrin">Jim Perrin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Phillips" title="Melanie Phillips">Melanie Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Pidd" title="Helen Pidd">Helen Pidd</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pilger" title="John Pilger">John Pilger</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Politkovskaya" title="Anna Politkovskaya">Anna Politkovskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Preston" title="Peter Preston">Peter Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Radford" title="Tim Radford">Tim Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ransome" title="Arthur Ransome">Arthur Ransome</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Raphael" title="Adam Raphael">Adam Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Rawnsley" title="Andrew Rawnsley">Andrew Rawnsley</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Redhead" title="Brian Redhead">Brian Redhead</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H_Reeve" class="mw-redirect" title="James H Reeve">James H Reeve</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillian_Reynolds" title="Gillian Reynolds">Gillian Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Rogers_(journalist)" title="Simon Rogers (journalist)">Simon Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Ronson" title="Jon Ronson">Jon Ronson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_Sarkar" title="Ash Sarkar">Ash Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Schofield_(journalist)" title="Jack Schofield (journalist)">Jack Schofield</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Selvey" title="Mike Selvey">Mike Selvey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Shrapnel" title="Norman Shrapnel">Norman Shrapnel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sidebottom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Sidebottom">Frank Sidebottom</a></li> <li>Michael Simkins</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posy_Simmonds" title="Posy Simmonds">Posy Simmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Spring" title="Howard Spring">Howard Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Stead" title="Jean Stead">Jean Stead</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Steele" title="Jonathan Steele">Jonathan Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Stott" title="Mary Stott">Mary Stott</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegra_Stratton" title="Allegra Stratton">Allegra Stratton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sutherland_(author)" title="John Sutherland (author)">John Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">R. H. Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._J._P._Taylor" title="A. J. P. Taylor">A. J. P. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Tisdall" title="Simon Tisdall">Simon Tisdall</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_J._Toynbee" title="Arnold J. Toynbee">Arnold Toynbee</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_Toynbee" title="Polly Toynbee">Polly Toynbee</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Tweedie" title="Jill Tweedie">Jill Tweedie</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibi_van_der_Zee" title="Bibi van der Zee">Bibi van der Zee</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._A._Voigt" class="mw-redirect" title="F. A. Voigt">F. A. Voigt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Vulliamy" title="Ed Vulliamy">Ed Vulliamy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_Wainwright" title="Hilary Wainwright">Hilary Wainwright</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Wangford" title="Hank Wangford">Hank Wangford</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Waterson" title="Jim Waterson">Jim Waterson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Watts" title="Jonathan Watts">Jonathan Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Wheen" title="Francis Wheen">Francis Wheen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Whitaker" title="Brian Whitaker">Brian Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_White_(journalist)" title="Michael White (journalist)">Michael White</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Williams" title="Zoe Williams">Zoe Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Wragg" title="Ted Wragg">Ted Wragg</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Young" title="Hugo Young">Hugo Young</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Younge" title="Gary Younge">Gary Younge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xue_Xinran" class="mw-redirect" title="Xue Xinran">Xue Xinran</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Zappone" title="Tony Zappone">Tony Zappone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Zorza" title="Victor Zorza">Victor Zorza</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a></li></ul> </div> Cartoonists: <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Austin_(cartoonist)" title="David Austin (cartoonist)">David Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Bell_(cartoonist)" title="Steve Bell (cartoonist)">Steve Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Berger_(illustrator)" title="Joe Berger (illustrator)">Joe Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Breathed" title="Berkeley Breathed">Berke Breathed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biff_(cartoon)" title="Biff (cartoon)">Biff</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Clarke_(cartoonist)" title="Peter Clarke (cartoonist)">Peter Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Gibbard" title="Les Gibbard">Les Gibbard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kent_(cartoonist)" title="John Kent (cartoonist)">John Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Lenman" title="Jamie Lenman">Jamie Lenman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Low_(cartoonist)" title="David Low (cartoonist)">David Low</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rowson" title="Martin Rowson">Martin Rowson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posy_Simmonds" title="Posy Simmonds">Posy Simmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Trudeau" title="Garry Trudeau">Garry Trudeau</a></li></ul> Satirists: <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Hardy" title="Jeremy Hardy">Jeremy Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armando_Iannucci" title="Armando Iannucci">Armando Iannucci</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Brown_(satirist)" title="Craig Brown (satirist)">Craig Brown</a> as "Bel Littlejohn"</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_O%27Farrell_(author)" title="John O'Farrell (author)">John O'Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Steel" title="Mark Steel">Mark Steel</a></li></ul> Experts: <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Atkin" title="Tim Atkin">Tim Atkin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Fort" title="Matthew Fort">Matthew Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Gluck" title="Malcolm Gluck">Malcolm Gluck</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hayward" title="Tim Hayward">Tim Hayward</a></li></ul> Photographers and picture editors: <ul><li>Herbert Walter Doughty (The Manchester Guardian's first photographer, July 1908)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eamonn_McCabe" title="Eamonn McCabe">Eamonn McCabe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Smith_(photojournalist_and_filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sean Smith (photojournalist and filmmaker)">Sean Smith</a></li></ul> <h2>Guardian News & Media archive</h2> <table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399"/></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Guardian&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Guardian and its sister newspaper The Observer opened The Newsroom, an archive and visitor centre in London, in 2002. The centre preserved and promoted the histories and values of the newspapers through its archive, educational programmes and exhibitions. The Newsroom's activities were all transferred to <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_Place" title="Kings Place">Kings Place</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-test-305">[305]</a> Now known as The Guardian News & Media archive, the archive preserves and promotes the histories and values of The Guardian and The Observer newspapers by collecting and making accessible material that provides an accurate and comprehensive history of the papers. The archive holds official records of The Guardian and The Observer, and also seeks to acquire material from individuals who have been associated with the papers. As well as corporate records, the archive holds correspondence, diaries, notebooks, original cartoons and photographs belonging to staff of the papers.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-306">[306]</a> This material may be consulted by members of the public by prior appointment. An extensive Manchester Guardian archive also exists at the University of Manchester's John Rylands University Library, and there is a collaboration programme between the two archives. Additionally, the <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> has a large archive of The Manchester Guardian available in its British Library Newspapers collection, in online, hard copy, microform, and CD-ROM formats. In November 2007, The Guardian and The Observer made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1821 to 2000 for The Guardian and 1791 to 2000 for The Observer: these archives will eventually run up to 2003. The Newsroom's other components were also transferred to Kings Place in 2008. The Guardian's Education Centre provides a range of educational programmes for students and adults. The Guardian's exhibition space was also moved to Kings Place, and has a rolling programme of exhibitions that investigate and reflect upon aspects of news and newspapers and the role of journalism. This programme often draws on the archive collections held in the GNM Archive. <h2>See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg" class="image"><img alt="Newspaper nicu buculei 01.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/28px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/42px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/56px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"/></a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Journalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of the United Kingdom.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian Monthly">Guardian Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_Weekly" title="The Guardian Weekly">The Guardian Weekly</a></li></ul> <h2>References</h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-left-wing-1"><a href="#cite_ref-left-wing_1-0">^</a> * <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration 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The Guardian. 20 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20170720094734/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/mar/20/guardian-appoints-katharine-viner-new-editor-in-chief">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guardian+appoints+Katharine+Viner+as+editor-in-chief&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2015%2Fmar%2F20%2Fguardian-appoints-katharine-viner-new-editor-in-chief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RusbridgerFarewell-11"><a href="#cite_ref-RusbridgerFarewell_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRusbridger2015" class="citation news cs1">Rusbridger, Alan (29 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/may/29/farewell-readers-alan-rusbridger-on-leaving-the-guardian">"'Farewell, readers': Alan Rusbridger on leaving The Guardian after two decades at the helm"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20150529152711/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/may/29/farewell-readers-alan-rusbridger-on-leaving-the-guardian">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Farewell%2C+readers%27%3A+Alan+Rusbridger+on+leaving+The+Guardian+after+two+decades+at+the+helm&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.aulast=Rusbridger&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2015%2Fmay%2F29%2Ffarewell-readers-alan-rusbridger-on-leaving-the-guardian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_Socialism_2003-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-International_Socialism_2003_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Socialism_2003_12-1">b</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Socialism_(magazine)" title="International Socialism (magazine)">International Socialism</a>, Spring 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-898876-97-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-898876-97-5">1-898876-97-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ipsos_MORI-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ipsos_MORI_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ipsos_MORI_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20090523104959/http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/voting-intention-by-newspaper-readership-quarter-1.ashx">"Ipsos MORI"</a>. Ipsos MORI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/voting-intention-by-newspaper-readership-quarter-1.ashx">the original</a> on 23 May 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ipsos+MORI&rft.pub=Ipsos+MORI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos-mori.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolls-05%2Fvoting-intention-by-newspaper-readership-quarter-1.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFChristina_Schaeffner2009" class="citation book cs1">Christina Schaeffner, ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://books.google.com/books?id=6BIaBwAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+liberal+FT&pg=PA35">Political Discourse, Media and Translation</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing" title="Cambridge Scholars Publishing">Cambridge Scholars Publishing</a>. p. 35. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443817936" title="Special:BookSources/9781443817936"><bdi>9781443817936</bdi></a>. <q>With regard to political affiliation The Daily Telegraph is a right-wing paper, The Times centre-right, The Financial Times centre-right and liberal, and the The Guardian centre-left.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Discourse%2C+Media+and+Translation&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781443817936&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6BIaBwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcentre-right%2Bliberal%2BFT%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Wills2014" class="citation book cs1">David Wills, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://books.google.com/books?id=424xBwAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+%22Financial+Times%22+%22The+Times%22&pg=PA198">Greece and Britain since 1945 Second Edition</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing" title="Cambridge Scholars Publishing">Cambridge Scholars Publishing</a>. p. 198. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443857727" title="Special:BookSources/9781443857727"><bdi>9781443857727</bdi></a>. <q>... are observed in the coverage of the Greek crisis by the centre-right The Times and the centre-left The Guardian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece+and+Britain+since+1945+Second+Edition&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781443857727&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D424xBwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcentre-right%2B%2522Financial%2BTimes%2522%2B%2522The%2BTimes%2522%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marchi2019-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Marchi2019_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMarchi2019" class="citation book cs1">Marchi, Anna (2019). "Over there at The Guardian". Self-Reflexive Journalism: A Corpus Study of Journalistic Culture and Community in The Guardian. Taylor & Francis. p. 152. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-71412-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-71412-9"><bdi>978-1-351-71412-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Over+there+at+The+Guardian&rft.btitle=Self-Reflexive+Journalism%3A+A+Corpus+Study+of+Journalistic+Culture+and+Community+in+The+Guardian&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-351-71412-9&rft.aulast=Marchi&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/guardian-trusted-sun-least-trusted-online-news-brand-pamco-reveals/1492881">"The Guardian most trusted and The Sun least trusted online news brand, Pamco reveals"</a>. Press Gazette. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+most+trusted+and+The+Sun+least+trusted+online+news+brand%2C+Pamco+reveals&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.campaignlive.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fguardian-trusted-sun-least-trusted-online-news-brand-pamco-reveals%2F1492881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWaterson2018" class="citation news cs1">Waterson, Jim (17 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/dec/17/guardian-most-trusted-newspaper-in-britain-says-industry-report">"Guardian most trusted newspaper in Britain, says industry report"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 17 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guardian+most+trusted+newspaper+in+Britain%2C+says+industry+report&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft.aulast=Waterson&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2018%2Fdec%2F17%2Fguardian-most-trusted-newspaper-in-britain-says-industry-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/tim-de-lisle/can-guardian-survive?page=0%2C2">"Can The Guardian survive?"</a>. The Economist. Intelligent Life. July–August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Can+The+Guardian+survive%3F&rft.date=2012-07%2F2012-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoreintelligentlife.com%2Fcontent%2Fideas%2Ftim-de-lisle%2Fcan-guardian-survive%3Fpage%3D0%252C2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWoolf2012" class="citation web cs1">Woolf, Nicky (3 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20120706181914/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2012-07/03/interview-with-the-guardian-newspaper-editor-alan-rusbridger-on-hacking">"Could the newspaper that broke the hacking scandal be the next to close?"</a>. GQ.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2012-07/03/interview-with-the-guardian-newspaper-editor-alan-rusbridger-on-hacking">the original</a> on 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Could+the+newspaper+that+broke+the+hacking+scandal+be+the+next+to+close%3F&rft.pub=GQ.com&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft.aulast=Woolf&rft.aufirst=Nicky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gq-magazine.co.uk%2Fcomment%2Farticles%2F2012-07%2F03%2Finterview-with-the-guardian-newspaper-editor-alan-rusbridger-on-hacking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters.com-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters.com_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters.com_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHosenball2013" class="citation web cs1">Hosenball, Mark (6 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-wiretaps-verizon-idUSBRE95502920130606">"Obama administration defends massive phone record collection"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181927/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/06/us-usa-wiretaps-verizon-idUSBRE95502920130606">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama+administration+defends+massive+phone+record+collection&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2013-06-06&rft.aulast=Hosenball&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-wiretaps-verizon-idUSBRE95502920130606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGreenwald2013" class="citation web cs1">Greenwald, Glenn (9 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance">"Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations | US news"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20130726212540/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Edward+Snowden%3A+the+whistleblower+behind+the+NSA+surveillance+revelations+%26%23124%3B+US+news&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft.aulast=Greenwald&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fjun%2F09%2Fedward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-award-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-award_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-award_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRawlinson2014" class="citation news cs1">Rawlinson, Kevin (2 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/apr/02/guardian-observer-glory-press-awards">"Guardian wins newspaper and website of the year at British press awards"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 12 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guardian+wins+newspaper+and+website+of+the+year+at+British+press+awards&rft.date=2014-04-02&rft.aulast=Rawlinson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2014%2Fapr%2F02%2Fguardian-observer-glory-press-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-G-24"><a href="#cite_ref-G_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWainwright2007" class="citation news cs1">Wainwright, Martin (13 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/aug/13/britishidentity.artnews">"Battle for the memory of Peterloo: Campaigners demand fitting tribute"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20130705035053/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/aug/13/britishidentity.artnews">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Battle+for+the+memory+of+Peterloo%3A+Campaigners+demand+fitting+tribute&rft.date=2007-08-13&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2007%2Faug%2F13%2Fbritishidentity.artnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFEditorial2011" class="citation news cs1">Editorial (4 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/may/05/manchester-guardian-work-in-progress">"The Manchester Guardian, born 5 May 1821: 190 years – work in progress"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Manchester+Guardian%2C+born+5+May+1821%3A+190+years+%E2%80%93+work+in+progress&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft.au=Editorial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2011%2Fmay%2F05%2Fmanchester-guardian-work-in-progress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Manchester Gazette, 7 August 1819, quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAyerst1971" class="citation book cs1">Ayerst, David (1971). 'Guardian' : biography of a newspaper. London: Collins. p. 20. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-211329-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-211329-8"><bdi>978-0-00-211329-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Guardian%27+%3A+biography+of+a+newspaper&rft.place=London&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-00-211329-8&rft.aulast=Ayerst&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1974" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Stanley (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://archive.org/details/poormensguardian0000harr">Poor men's guardians : a record of the struggles for a democratic newspaper press, 1763–1973</a>. London: Lawrence and Wishart. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://archive.org/details/poormensguardian0000harr/page/53">53</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85315-308-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85315-308-5"><bdi>978-0-85315-308-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poor+men%27s+guardians+%3A+a+record+of+the+struggles+for+a+democratic+newspaper+press%2C+1763%E2%80%931973&rft.place=London&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Lawrence+and+Wishart&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-85315-308-5&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoormensguardian0000harr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnbGarnett-28"><a href="#cite_ref-dnbGarnett_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGarnett1890" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Garnett_(writer)" title="Richard Garnett (writer)">Garnett, Richard</a> (1890). <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Garnett,_Jeremiah">"Garnett, Jeremiah" </a>. In <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Stephen, Leslie</a>; <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a> (eds.). <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a>. 21. London: Smith, Elder & Co. <q>citing: [Manchester Guardian, 28 September 1870; Manchester Free Lance, 1 October 1870; Prentice's Historical Sketches and Personal Recollections of Manchester; personal knowledge.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Garnett%2C+Jeremiah&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Garnett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20080728175652/http://www.gmgplc.co.uk/ScottTrust/History/tabid/193/Default.aspx">"The Scott Trust: History"</a>. Guardian Media Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://www.gmgplc.co.uk/ScottTrust/History/tabid/193/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 28 July 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Scott+Trust%3A+History&rft.pub=Guardian+Media+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmgplc.co.uk%2FScottTrust%2FHistory%2Ftabid%2F193%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/catalog/bib_3593893">"The Manchester guardian and British volunteer – JH Libraries"</a>. Catalyst.library.jhu.edu. 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The Manchester Guardian. 28 January 1832.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manchester+Guardian&rft.atitle=Editorial&rft.date=1832-01-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1">"Editorial". 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Cornell University Press. pp. 154–155. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-0642-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-0642-3"><bdi>978-0-8014-0642-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchester+Guardian%3A+Biography+of+a+Newspaper&rft.pages=154-155&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-0642-3&rft.au=David+Ayerst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRhZlAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodrigues_2013-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rodrigues_2013_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rodrigues_2013_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRodrigues2013" class="citation web cs1">Rodrigues, Jason (4 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2013/feb/04/lincoln-oscars-manchester-cotton-abraham">"From the archive: 1863, Lincoln's great debt to Manchester"</a>. 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The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. 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Dublin. Retrieved 4 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=To+the+waters+and+the+wild&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fincoming%2Fto-the-waters-and-the-wild-26527736.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/the-scott-trust">"The Scott Trust"</a>. The Guardian. 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The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. p. <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://archive.org/details/battleforspainsp00anto/page/243/mode/1up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:battleforspainsp00anto/page/243/mode/1up">243</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-303765-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-303765-X"><bdi>0-14-303765-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70158540">70158540</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Spain%3A+The+Spanish+Civil+War%2C+1936%E2%80%931939&rft.pages=iarchive%3Abattleforspainsp00anto%2Fpage%2F243%2Fmode%2F1up%7C243&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70158540&rft.isbn=0-14-303765-X&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLeader1951" class="citation news cs1">Leader (22 October 1951). 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London: Bloomsbury. p. 285. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9923-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9923-4"><bdi>978-0-7475-9923-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Austerity+Britain+1945%E2%80%931951&rft.place=London&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7475-9923-4&rft.aulast=Kynaston&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRusbridger_Alan2006" class="citation web cs1">Rusbridger Alan (10 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jul/10/pressandpublishing.egypt">"Courage under fire"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20130830063430/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jul/10/pressandpublishing.egypt">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Courage+under+fire&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft.au=Rusbridger+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2006%2Fjul%2F10%2Fpressandpublishing.egypt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988">. Three years from 1956 and the Manchester Guardian soon became The Guardian, introduced by Scott C.C.P </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSmith2016" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Simon C. 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Retrieved 25 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Trafigura+fiasco+tears+up+the+textbook&rft.date=2009-10-14&rft.aulast=Rusbridger&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Flibertycentral%2F2009%2Foct%2F14%2Ftrafigura-fiasco-tears-up-textbook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHigham2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Higham" title="Nick Higham">Higham, Nick</a> (13 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8304908.stm">"When is a secret not a secret?"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=When+is+a+secret+not+a+secret%3F&rft.date=2009-10-13&rft.aulast=Higham&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F8304908.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHaughneyCohen2013" class="citation news cs1">Haughney, Christine; Cohen, Noam (11 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/business/guardian-reaps-benefits-from-nsa-scoop.html">"Guardian Makes Waves, and Is Ready for More"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://media.theage.com.au/news/world-news/rusbridger-tells-of-hard-drive-destruction-4680075.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guardian%27s+Alan+Rusbridger+tells+of+hard+drive+destruction+%26%23124%3B+Video&rft.pub=Media.theage.com.au&rft.date=2013-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fworld-news%2Frusbridger-tells-of-hard-drive-destruction-4680075.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBorger2013" class="citation news cs1">Borger, Julian (20 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/20/nsa-snowden-files-drives-destroyed-london">"NSA files: why The Guardian in London destroyed hard drives of leaked files"</a>. The Guardian. 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Retrieved 16 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+GCHQ%27s+beyond+top+secret+middle+eastern+internet+spy+base&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2014%2F06%2F03%2Frevealed_beyond_top_secret_british_intelligence_middleeast_internet_spy_base&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAssange2017" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Assange, Julian (10 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.twitch.tv/reddit/v/113771480">I am Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks – Ask Me Anything</a>. Reddit. 68 minutes in. 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The Guardian. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20200629090045/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/picture/2020/mar/04/steve-bell-on-boris-johnson-defending-priti-patel-at-pmqs-cartoon">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Steve+Bell+on+Boris+Johnson+defending+Priti+Patel+at+PMQs+%E2%80%93+cartoon&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Fpicture%2F2020%2Fmar%2F04%2Fsteve-bell-on-boris-johnson-defending-priti-patel-at-pmqs-cartoon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://theintercept.com/2016/12/29/the-guardians-summary-of-julian-assanges-interview-went-viral-and-was-completely-false/">The Guardian's Summary of Julian Assange's Interview Went Viral and Was Completely False</a>". <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>. 29 December 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2016" class="citation web cs1">Jacobs, Ben (24 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/dec/24/julian-assange-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-interview">"Julian Assange gives guarded praise of Trump and blasts Clinton in interview"</a>. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20131110073634/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/nov/08/john-cole">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2013. 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The Guardian. 26 February 2018. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 4 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+wins+seven+SJA+awards+with+double+honours+for+Daniel+Taylor&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2018%2Ffeb%2F26%2Ftaylor-mcrae-kelner-ingle-sja-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.sportsjournalists.co.uk/sja-journalism-awards/2017-british-sports-journalism-awards/">"2017 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association"</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Journalists%27_Association" title="Sports Journalists' Association">Sports Journalists' Association</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sports+Journalists%27+Association&rft.atitle=2017+British+Sports+Journalism+Awards+%E2%80%93+Sports+Journalists%27+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsjournalists.co.uk%2Fsja-journalism-awards%2F2017-british-sports-journalism-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.sportsjournalists.co.uk/sja-journalism-awards/2014-sports-journalism-awards/">"2014 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association"</a>. Retrieved 23 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+British+Sports+Journalism+Awards+%E2%80%93+Sports+Journalists%27+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsjournalists.co.uk%2Fsja-journalism-awards%2F2014-sports-journalism-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.sportsjournalists.co.uk/sja-journalism-awards/2015-british-sports-journalism-awards/">"2015 BRITISH SPORTS JOURNALISM AWARDS – Sports Journalists' Association"</a>. Retrieved 23 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015+BRITISH+SPORTS+JOURNALISM+AWARDS+%E2%80%93+Sports+Journalists%27+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsjournalists.co.uk%2Fsja-journalism-awards%2F2015-british-sports-journalism-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20110408222105/http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/current.php">"The Webby Awards"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/current.php#webby_entry_newspaper">the original</a> on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Webby+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webbyawards.com%2Fwebbys%2Fcurrent.php%23webby_entry_newspaper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20040203030108/http://www.newspaperawards.co.uk/default.htm">"The 2006 Newspaper Awards"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://www.newspaperawards.co.uk/default.htm">the original</a> on 3 February 2004. Retrieved 29 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2006+Newspaper+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspaperawards.co.uk%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20051026212145/http://royal.reliaserve.com/eppy/winners2000.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://royal.reliaserve.com/eppy/winners2000.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2005. Retrieved 28 July 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyal.reliaserve.com%2Feppy%2Fwinners2000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20080515174519/http://www.icmpa.umd.edu/pages/studies/transparency/main.html">"Openness & Accountability: A Study of Transparency in Global Media Outlets"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://www.icmpa.umd.edu/pages/studies/transparency/main.html">the original</a> on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Openness+%26+Accountability%3A+A+Study+of+Transparency+in+Global+Media+Outlets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icmpa.umd.edu%2Fpages%2Fstudies%2Ftransparency%2Fmain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2014">"2014 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Pulitzer+Prize+Winners+%26+Finalists&rft.pub=The+Pulitzer+Prizes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulitzer.org%2Fprize-winners-by-year%2F2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20070930055234/http://www.midaspr.co.uk/press_office.asp?CatID=22">"The Paul Foot award for Campaigning Journalism 2007"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://www.midaspr.co.uk/press_office.asp?CatID=22">the original</a> on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Paul+Foot+award+for+Campaigning+Journalism+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midaspr.co.uk%2Fpress_office.asp%3FCatID%3D22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2017/dec/19/the-100-best-footballers-in-the-world-2017-interactive">"The 100 best footballers in the world 2017"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Guardian%27s+inaugural+Footballer+of+the+Year%3A+Cagliari%27s+Fabio+Pisacane&rft.date=2016-12-29&rft.aulast=Bandini&rft.aufirst=Nicky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffootball%2Fblog%2F2016%2Fdec%2F29%2Ffabio-pisacane-guardian-footballer-of-year-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100_Best_Nonfiction_2011-300"><a href="#cite_ref-100_Best_Nonfiction_2011_300-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jun/14/100-greatest-non-fiction-books?INTCMP=SRCH">"The 100 greatest non-fiction books"</a>. The Guardian. 14 June 2011. 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Commentisfree.guardian.co.uk. 1 January 1970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20110410235820/http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/susie_orbach/profile.html/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comment%2C+opinion+and+discussion+from+The+Guardian+US&rft.pub=Commentisfree.guardian.co.uk&rft.date=1970-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommentisfree.guardian.co.uk%2Fsusie_orbach%2Fprofile.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://web.archive.org/web/20071118161641/http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/guardian_index_1842-1985/Publishers-Note.aspx/">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/guardian_index_1842-1985/Publishers-Note.aspx/">the original</a> on 18 November 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk%2Fdigital_guides%2Fguardian_index_1842-1985%2FPublishers-Note.aspx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-test-305"><a href="#cite_ref-test_305-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFVillani2009" class="citation news cs1">Villani, Lisa (20 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-archive/interactive/guardian-interactive-timeline">"MIC: GNM archive (microsite)"</a>. The Guardian. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=MIC%3A+GNM+archive+%28microsite%29&rft.date=2009-08-20&rft.aulast=Villani&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fgnm-archive%2Finteractive%2Fguardian-interactive-timeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-306"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_306-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-archive/archive-collections">"MIC: GNM archive (microsite)"</a>. The Guardian. London. 26 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=MIC%3A+GNM+archive+%28microsite%29&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fgnm-archive%2Farchive-collections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2>Further reading</h2> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAyerst1971" class="citation book cs1">Ayerst, David (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://archive.org/details/manchesterguardi0000ayer5">The Manchester Guardian: Biography of a Newspaper</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-0642-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-0642-0"><bdi>0-8014-0642-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/149105">149105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchester+Guardian%3A+Biography+of+a+Newspaper&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F149105&rft.isbn=0-8014-0642-0&rft.aulast=Ayerst&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanchesterguardi0000ayer5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHetherington1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair_Hetherington" title="Alastair Hetherington">Hetherington, Alastair</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://archive.org/details/isbn_0701125527">Guardian Years</a>. London: <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatto_%26_Windus" title="Chatto & Windus">Chatto & Windus</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7011-2552-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7011-2552-7"><bdi>0-7011-2552-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8358459">8358459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guardian+Years&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8358459&rft.isbn=0-7011-2552-7&rft.aulast=Hetherington&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_0701125527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMerrillFisher1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Merrill" title="John C. Merrill">Merrill, John Calhoun</a>; Fisher, Harold A. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://archive.org/details/worldsgreatdaili0000merr">The World's Great Dailies: Profiles of Fifty Newspapers</a>. Hastings House. pp. <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://archive.org/details/worldsgreatdaili0000merr/page/143/mode/1up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:worldsgreatdaili0000merr/page/143/mode/1up">143–150</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8038-8095-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8038-8095-2"><bdi>0-8038-8095-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5286129">5286129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Great+Dailies%3A+Profiles+of+Fifty+Newspapers&rft.pages=iarchive%3Aworldsgreatdaili0000merr%2Fpage%2F143%2Fmode%2F1up%7C143-150&rft.pub=Hastings+House&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5286129&rft.isbn=0-8038-8095-2&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=John+Calhoun&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Harold+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldsgreatdaili0000merr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMills1921" class="citation book cs1">Mills, William Haslam (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://archive.org/details/manchesterguard00mill">The Manchester Guardian: A Century of History</a>. London: <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatto_%26_Windus" title="Chatto & Windus">Chatto & Windus</a>. <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1049642959">1049642959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchester+Guardian%3A+A+Century+of+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1049642959&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=William+Haslam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanchesterguard00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Guardian" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <h2>External links</h2> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Guardian_(newspaper)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:The Guardian (newspaper)">The Guardian (newspaper)</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/The_Guardian" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/The Guardian">The Guardian</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Manchester_Guardian" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Manchester Guardian">The Manchester Guardian</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.theguardian.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11148#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCorporates" title="OpenCorporates">OpenCorporates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Guardian%2C%20The%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22The%20Guardian%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Guardian%2C%20The%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22The%20Guardian%22%20OR%20title%3A%22The%20Guardian%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Guardian%2C%20The%22%20OR%20description%3A%22The%20Guardian%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about The Guardian</a> at <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (historic)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://librivox.org/author/9021">Works by The Guardian</a> at <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LibriVox" 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href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Guardian_Media_Group" title="Template talk:Guardian Media Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Guardian_Media_Group&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Guardian_Media_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries and divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_Weekly" title="The Guardian Weekly">The Guardian Weekly</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian.com">Guardian.com</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">Guardian Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_New_Zealand" title="Guardian New Zealand">Guardian New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_US" title="Guardian US">Guardian US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures and shareholdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascential" title="Ascential">Ascential</a> (50%)</li> <li>Development Hell (29.5%)</li> <li>Seven Publishing (41.9%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former holdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMG_Radio" title="GMG Radio">GMG Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trader_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Trader Media Group">Trader Media Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._P._Scott" title="C. P. Scott">C. P. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Student_Media_Award" title="Guardian Student Media Award">Guardian Student Media Award</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Trust">Scott Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edward_Taylor" title="John Edward Taylor">John Edward Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Guardian_Media_Group" title="Category:Guardian Media Group">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="UK_national_newspapers,_magazines,_and_other_periodicals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK national newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Newspapers(History,_Circulation)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom">Newspapers</a> (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_British_newspapers" title="History of British newspapers">History</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation">Circulation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">i</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle-market_newspaper" title="Middle-market newspaper">Middle-market</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">Tabloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_People" title="The Sunday People">The Sunday People</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Star_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Star (United Kingdom)">Daily Star</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Star_Sunday" title="Daily Star Sunday">Daily Star Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_Sport" title="Sunday Sport">Sunday Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and other periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation#United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines by circulation">List of magazines by circulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Radio_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#National_analogue_and_digital_(DAB)_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">National stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_National_DAB" title="BBC National DAB">BBC National DAB</a> (multiplex)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_National_Radio" title="Independent National Radio">Independent / commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio">Absolute Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_80s" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute 80s">Absolute 80s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_90s" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute 90s">Absolute 90s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Hits_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Hits Radio">Absolute Radio Country</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">BFBS Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)" title="Capital (radio network)">Capital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Xtra" title="Capital Xtra">Capital Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_One" title="Digital One">Digital One</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_(radio_network)" title="Heart (radio network)">Heart</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_70s" title="Heart 70s">Heart 70s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_80s" title="Heart 80s">Heart 80s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_90s" title="Heart 90s">Heart 90s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_Dance" title="Heart Dance">Heart Dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_Radio" title="Heat Radio">heat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerrang Radio">Kerrang!</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss_(UK_radio_station)" title="Kiss (UK radio station)">Kiss</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisstory" title="Kisstory">Kisstory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LBC_News" title="LBC News">LBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Rock_(radio_station)" title="Planet Rock (radio station)">Planet Rock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">Radio X</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNIB_Connect_Radio" title="RNIB Connect Radio">RNIB Connect Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_Radio" title="Scala Radio">Scala Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Digital" title="Sound Digital">Sound Digital</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">talkSPORT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkradio" title="Talkradio">talkRADIO</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Radio" title="Times Radio">Times Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Christian_Broadcasters" title="United Christian Broadcasters">UCB UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">Virgin Radio UK</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and local stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#BBC_Local_Radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of BBC Local Radio stations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Local_Radio" title="Independent Local Radio">Independent / commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Community_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of community radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Local_Commercial_Radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of local commercial radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Semi-National_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of semi-national / regional analogue and digital radio stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Hospital_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of hospital radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">Pirate radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a> (RSL) <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#RSL_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of RSL stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of satellite radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Student_and_schools_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of student and schools radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_the_UK" title="FM broadcasting in the UK">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Academy" title="Radio Academy">Radio Academy</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Academy_Awards" title="Radio Academy Awards">Radio Academy Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Independents_Group" title="Radio Independents Group">Radio Independents Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAJAR" title="RAJAR">RAJAR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-listened-to_radio_programs" title="List of most-listened-to radio programs">Most listened to programmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Principalchannels(List)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal channels (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_television_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of television channels in the United Kingdom">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBBC_(TV_channel)" title="CBBC (TV channel)">CBBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_(TV_channel)" title="ITV (TV channel)">ITV</a> (<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a>)/<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITVBe" title="ITVBe">ITVBe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CITV" title="CITV">CITV</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Ch 4</a>/<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Music" title="4Music">4Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Box_(British_TV_channel)" title="The Box (British TV channel)">The Box</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_Hits" title="Box Hits">Box Hits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss_TV" title="Kiss TV">Kiss TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(TV_channel)" title="Magic (TV channel)">Magic TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrang!_TV" title="Kerrang! TV">Kerrang! TV</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViacomCBS_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia">ViacomCBS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5Star" title="5Star">5Star</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5USA" title="5USA">5USA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Network_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Network (UK)">Paramount Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central_(British_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (British TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Comedy Central Extra">Comedy Central Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Hits_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Base" title="MTV Base">MTV Base</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Classic_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Classic (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Classic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelodeon_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicktoons_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (British TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Jr._(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (British and Irish TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></dd> <dd>Nick Jr. Too</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pick_(TV_channel)" title="Pick (TV channel)">Pick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Atlantic" title="Sky Atlantic">Sky Atlantic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Box_Office" title="Sky Box Office">Sky Sports Box Office</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Cinema" title="Sky Cinema">Sky Cinema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Comedy" title="Sky Comedy">Sky Comedy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Crime" title="Sky Crime">Sky Crime</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Documentaries" title="Sky Documentaries">Sky Documentaries</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_(European_TV_channel)" title="History (European TV channel)">Sky History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H2_(A%26E_Networks)" title="H2 (A&E Networks)">Sky History 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Kids" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Kids">Sky Kids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Max" title="Sky Max">Sky Max</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Nature" title="Sky Nature">Sky Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Replay" title="Sky Replay">Sky Replay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Showcase" title="Sky Showcase">Sky Showcase</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Sports_F1" title="Sky Sports F1">Sky Sports F1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Sports_Racing" title="Sky Sports Racing">Sky Sports Racing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Witness_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Witness (TV channel)">Sky Witness</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibi_(TV_channel)" title="Alibi (TV channel)">Alibi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_(TV_channel)" title="Dave (TV channel)">Dave</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama_(UK_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama (UK TV channel)">Drama</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_(TV_channel)" title="Eden (TV channel)">Eden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_(UK_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold (UK TV channel)">Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_(UK_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="W (UK TV channel)">W</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesterday_(TV_channel)" title="Yesterday (TV channel)">Yesterday</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery,_Inc." title="Discovery, Inc.">Discovery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Planet_(UK_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Planet (UK TV channel)">Animal Planet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (British and Irish TV channel)">Discovery Channel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_History" title="Discovery History">Discovery History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Science (European TV channel)">Discovery Science</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Turbo" title="Discovery Turbo">Discovery Turbo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMAX_(British_TV_channel)" title="DMAX (British TV channel)">DMAX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurosport_1" title="Eurosport 1">Eurosport 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurosport_2" title="Eurosport 2">Eurosport 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_News" title="GB News">GB News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="HGTV (British and Irish TV channel)">HGTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(European_TV_channel)" title="Investigation Discovery (European TV channel)">Investigation Discovery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quest_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quest (TV channel)">Quest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quest_Red" title="Quest Red">Quest Red</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Really_(TV_channel)" title="Really (TV channel)">Really</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLC_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="TLC (British and Irish TV channel)">TLC</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narrative_Capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narrative Capital (page does not exist)">Narrative Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Pop (British and Irish TV channel)">Pop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Max" title="Pop Max">Pop Max</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great!_Movies_Action" title="Great! Movies Action">Great! Movies Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great!_Movies_Classic" title="Great! Movies Classic">Great! Movies Classic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Pop" title="Tiny Pop">Tiny Pop</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WarnerMedia" title="WarnerMedia">WarnerMedia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoon Network (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoon Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boomerang_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Boomerang (British and Irish TV channel)">Boomerang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoonito_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoonito</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services and platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_4" title="All 4">All 4</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Three_(online)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Three (online)">BBC Three</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_TV" title="BT TV">BT TV</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television_by_region#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television by region">cable</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital television in the United Kingdom">digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DTT_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of DTT channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freesat%2B" title="Freesat+">Freesat+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">high-definition</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HD_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of HD channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_Hub" title="ITV Hub">ITV Hub</a>, <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local television in the United Kingdom">local television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My5" title="My5">My5</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now_(Sky)" title="Now (Sky)">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_television" title="Television in the United Kingdom">satellite</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free-to-air_channels_at_28%C2%B0E" class="mw-redirect" title="List of free-to-air channels at 28°E">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freesat_from_Sky" title="Freesat from Sky">Freesat from Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Demand_(Sky)" title="On Demand (Sky)">On Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky%2B" title="Sky+">Sky+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky%2B_HD" title="Sky+ HD">Sky+ HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TalkTalk TV</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVPlayer" title="TVPlayer">TVPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FilmFlex" title="FilmFlex">FilmFlex</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%2B" title="V+">V+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zattoo" title="Zattoo">Zattoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogue_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue television in the United Kingdom">analogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">analogue terrestrial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Store" title="BBC Store">BBC Store</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TalkTalk_TV_Store" title="TalkTalk TV Store">TalkTalk TV Store</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film4oD" title="Film4oD">Film4oD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Digital" title="Real Digital">Real Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Up_TV" title="Top Up TV">Top Up TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Mills_Studios" title="3 Mills Studios">3 Mills Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">BBC Pacific Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bottle_Yard_Studios" title="The Bottle Yard Studios">The Bottle Yard Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_Street_Studios" title="Gas Street Studios">Gas Street Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Leeds_Studios" title="The Leeds Studios">The Leeds Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Maidstone_Studios" title="The Maidstone Studios">The Maidstone Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_Studios" title="Granada Studios">Old Granada Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Studios" title="Riverside Studios">Riverside Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sharp_Project" title="The Sharp Project">The Sharp Project</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Campus" title="Sky Campus">Sky Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Studios_Manchester" title="Space Studios Manchester">Space Studios Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre, London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_and_Dominions_Imperial_Studios" title="British and Dominions Imperial Studios">British and Dominions Imperial Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_Studios" title="Fountain Studios">Fountain Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_Studios" title="Gate Studios">Gate Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hospital_Club" title="The Hospital Club">The Hospital Club</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limehouse_Studios" title="Limehouse Studios">Limehouse Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Studios" title="The London Studios">The London Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-British_Studios" title="MGM-British Studios">MGM-British Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddington_Studios" title="Teddington Studios">Teddington Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_Centre,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne">Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_Centre,_Southampton" title="Television Centre, Southampton">Television Centre, Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Boat_Studios" title="Upper Boat Studios">Upper Boat Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_TV_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of former TV channels in the United Kingdom">Defunct channels</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Television_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Television Festival">Edinburgh International Television Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Television in the United Kingdom">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_years_in_British_television" title="List of years in British television">List of years</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Viewing_statistics" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Viewing statistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most watched television broadcasts">Most-watched broadcasts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Companies_and_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies and organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archant" title="Archant">Archant</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascential" title="Ascential">Ascential</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauer_Radio" title="Bauer Radio">Bauer Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail_and_General_Trust" title="Daily Mail and General Trust">Daily Mail and General Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentsu_Aegis_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentsu Aegis Network">Dentsu Aegis Network</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Group">Economist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI_Music_Publishing" title="EMI Music Publishing">EMI Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemol_Shine_UK" title="Endemol Shine UK">Endemol Shine UK</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Media_%26_Entertainment" title="Global Media & Entertainment">Global Media & Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_Media_Group" title="Haymarket Media Group">Haymarket Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnston_Press" title="Johnston Press">Johnston Press</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecom_Group" title="Mecom Group">Mecom Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_UK" title="News UK">News UK</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsquest" title="Newsquest">Newsquest</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_%26_Shell" title="Northern & Shell">Northern & Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson plc</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_Holdings" title="Press Holdings">Press Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Limited">Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syco" class="mw-redirect" title="Syco">Syco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Television" title="Sony Pictures Television">Sony Pictures Television Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI_Media" title="TI Media">TI Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBM_plc" title="UBM plc">UBM plc</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViacomCBS_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia">ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Group" title="Wireless Group">Wireless Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_book_publishers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of largest book publishers of the United Kingdom">List of largest UK book publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government and regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">Advertising Standards Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a> (formerly: <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors of the BBC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Culture, Media, and Sport Select Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_for_Digital,_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Press_Standards_Organisation" title="Independent Press Standards Organisation">Independent Press Standards Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_Recognition_Panel" title="Press Recognition Panel">Press Recognition Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and trades bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting,_Entertainment,_Cinematograph_and_Theatre_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union">Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_TV_Group" title="Digital TV Group">Digital TV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_UK" title="Digital UK">Digital UK</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_Against_Copyright_Theft" title="Federation Against Copyright Theft">Federation Against Copyright Theft</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">National Union of Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Publishers_Association" title="The Publishers Association">The Publishers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Television_Society" title="Royal Television Society">Royal Television Society</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_and_Television_School" title="National Film and Television School">National Film and Television School</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_and_Media_Museum" title="National Science and Media Museum">National Science and Media Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional_and_student_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional and student media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Media in England <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Birmingham" title="Media in Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_London" title="Media in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Manchester" title="Media in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media in Scotland <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Aberdeen" title="Media in Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Dundee" title="Media in Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Glasgow" title="Media in Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media in Wales <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Cardiff" title="Media in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_student_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom">Student press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Mass media in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" title="Template:White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" title="Template talk:White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">James S. Brady Press Briefing Room</a> seating chart</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;">Row</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="7" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:#003C80; color:white;">Podium</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;background:lightgray;;width:2em;"><div> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_Industry_Group" title="Bloomberg Industry Group">Bloomberg BNA</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noticias_Univision" title="Noticias Univision">Univision</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News_Radio" title="CBS News Radio">CBS News Radio</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP Radio</a> Foreign pool <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_News" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McClatchy" title="McClatchy">McClatchy</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">Washington Times</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_Radio_Network" title="Salem Radio Network">Salem Radio</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">Globe</a>/<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Urban_Radio_Networks" title="American Urban Radio Networks">AURN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a> Regionals <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsmax_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsmax Media">Newsmax</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News_Radio" title="Fox News Radio">Fox News Radio</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">CSM</a>/<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">NY Post</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">NY Times</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">VOA</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>/<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">NY Daily News</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed</a>/<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">Daily Beast</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_Radio" title="ABC News Radio">ABC News Radio</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>/<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westwood_One" title="Westwood One">Westwood One</a> <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guardian</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association" title="White House Correspondents' Association">White House Correspondents' Association</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="Template:2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="Template talk:2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum">2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Results"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results_of_the_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Results of the United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011">Results</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendum question</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">"At present, the UK uses the “first past the post” system to elect MPs to the House of Commons. Should the “alternative vote” system be used instead?"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_Voting_System_and_Constituencies_Act_2011" title="Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011">Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">For a "Yes" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Party_(UK)" title="Christian Party (UK)">Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Peoples_Alliance" title="Christian Peoples Alliance">Christian Peoples Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mebyon_Kernow" title="Mebyon Kernow">Mebyon Kernow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Party_UK" title="Pirate Party UK">Pirate Party UK</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scottish Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">SDLP</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UKIP</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(UK)" title="Libertarian Party (UK)">Libertarian Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">Neutral/split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Socialist Party of Great Britain">Socialist Party of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Monster_Raving_Loony_Party" title="Official Monster Raving Loony Party">Official Monster Raving Loony Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">For a "No" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Britain" title="Communist Party of Britain">Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_First_Party" title="England First Party">England First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Green Party Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respect_Party" title="Respect Party">Respect Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_(England_and_Wales)" title="Socialist Party (England and Wales)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocacy groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">Advocating a "Yes" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YES!_To_Fairer_Votes" title="YES! To Fairer Votes">YES! To Fairer Votes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">Advocating a "No" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOtoAV" title="NOtoAV">NOtoAV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Print media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">For a "Yes" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em">For a "No" vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Public_Service_(2001–2025)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 2001–2025"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize PublicService 2001–2025"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_2001%E2%80%932025&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Public_Service_(2001–2025)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Public_Service" title="Pulitzer Prize for Public Service">Pulitzer Prize for Public Service</a> (2001–2025)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> (2005)</li> <li>Biloxi <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Herald" title="Sun Herald">Sun Herald</a> and New Orleans <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times-Picayune/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" title="The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate">Times-Picayune</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Sun" title="Las Vegas Sun">Las Vegas Sun</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Herald_Courier" title="Bristol Herald Courier">Bristol Herald Courier</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a> (2012)</li> <li>Fort Lauderdale <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun-Sentinel" title="Sun-Sentinel">Sun-Sentinel</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Guardian</a> (2014)</li> <li>Charleston <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Post_and_Courier" title="The Post and Courier">Post and Courier</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> and <a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Florida_Sun_Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="South Florida Sun Sentinel">South Florida Sun Sentinel</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchorage_Daily_News" title="Anchorage Daily News">Anchorage Daily News</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService">Complete list</a></li> <li>(<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_1918%E2%80%931925" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 1918–1925">1918–1925</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_1926%E2%80%931950" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 1926–1950">1926–1950</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 1951–1975">1951–1975</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 1976–2000">1976–2000</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 2001–2025">2001–2025</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11148#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11148#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11148#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220116224211im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://d-nb.info/gnd/4158503-3">Integrated Authority File (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://viaf.org/viaf/220402319">1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://viaf.org/viaf/4860158188266720260004">2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://viaf.org/viaf/147107172">3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://viaf.org/viaf/9853155044850272520002">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/220402319">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12342909v">France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12342909v">(data)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220116224211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBL 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="দ্য গার্ডিয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="दि गार्जियन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Гардиън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گاردین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%94%94%EC%96%B8" title="가디언 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="द गार्डियन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="הגרדיאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ದಿ ಗಾರ್ಡಿಯನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гардијан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="ദി ഗാർഡിയൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="द गार्डियन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂါးဒီးယန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian_(Britse_krant)" title="The Guardian (Britse krant) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="ガーディアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8" title="ਦ ਗਾਰਡੀਅਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%86" title="دی گارڈیئن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گارډيان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="دي گارڊين – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گاردیان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தி கார்டியன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="เดอะการ์เดียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Ґардіан (газета) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دی گارڈین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%8A%A5" title="卫报 – Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116224211/https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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