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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">European History</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">123,709 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>European History</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/European_History">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3756930" data-work_id="3756930" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3756930/The_Dread_of_Violence_and_the_Lure_of_Conflict_Contrasting_Attitudes_to_Warfare_The_Case_of_the_Hospitaller_Order_of_St_John">The Dread of Violence and the Lure of Conflict. Contrasting Attitudes to Warfare: The Case of the Hospitaller Order of St John</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From the foundation of the Order of St John in 11th century Syria as a community of lay brethren intent on providing shelter, care and assistance to pilgrims visiting the Holy Land, the destiny of the Hospitaller Knights was irremediably... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3756930" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From the foundation of the Order of St John in 11th century Syria as a community of lay brethren intent on providing shelter, care and assistance to pilgrims visiting the Holy Land, the destiny of the Hospitaller Knights was irremediably moulded for most of the next millennium. Geography, circumstance, religious ideology, and the pursuit of wealth all conspired to transform the future of the Hospitallers into a violent one, in keeping with the surrounding environment of the Middle East and the rest of the Mediterranean. The Order’s attitude to conflict changed, however, when the theatre of war shifted from the Mediterranean to mainland Europe. The acquisition of property on a Euro-Mediterranean scale - a practice initiated in the Order's years in Latin Syria -  helped chart the course of Hospitaller history, rendering the Order sensitive to events on the continent. Any land property in Europe was at risk of intrusion, occupation or exploitation by armies on the move, and the Hospital’s property was no exception. This study is an analysis of the Order of St John’s contrasting attitudes to violence, and the geographical, political, religious, and historical situations that generated such an approach. <br /> <br />PLEASE NOTE: <br />1. (albeit sparing Christian and Venetian merchants..) should read (albeit not sparing Christian and Venetian merchants..), although it must be stated that this generally contravened the Order's Statute and the prohibitions stated on letters patent for piratical activity issued in Malta, and HJA Sire (1996) elaborates on this, underlining how, in principle, the Order was against such practice. <br />2. The 'deeply-rooted divisions' mentioned in the text are a reference to enduring confessional animosities fostered by recurring confrontation spanning centuries, starting with the Arab invasions of the 7th-9th centuries. Very obviously they do NOT exclude encounters. If anyone is DAFT enough to interpret it otherwise, please let him.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3756930" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e30a6c3addc2ece4c8cd8ddf9e90c975" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38797121,"asset_id":3756930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38797121/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="158143" href="https://aum-mt.academia.edu/IvanGrech">Ivan Grech</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="158143" type="text/json">{"id":158143,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Grech","domain_name":"aum-mt","page_name":"IvanGrech","display_name":"Ivan Grech","profile_url":"https://aum-mt.academia.edu/IvanGrech?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158143/87005/94951/s65_ivan.grech.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3756930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3756930"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3756930, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3756930", }); 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Contrasting Attitudes to Warfare: The Case of the Hospitaller Order of St John","created_at":"2013-06-21T01:03:25.137-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3756930/The_Dread_of_Violence_and_the_Lure_of_Conflict_Contrasting_Attitudes_to_Warfare_The_Case_of_the_Hospitaller_Order_of_St_John?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_3756930","summary":"From the foundation of the Order of St John in 11th century Syria as a community of lay brethren intent on providing shelter, care and assistance to pilgrims visiting the Holy Land, the destiny of the Hospitaller Knights was irremediably moulded for most of the next millennium. Geography, circumstance, religious ideology, and the pursuit of wealth all conspired to transform the future of the Hospitallers into a violent one, in keeping with the surrounding environment of the Middle East and the rest of the Mediterranean. The Order’s attitude to conflict changed, however, when the theatre of war shifted from the Mediterranean to mainland Europe. The acquisition of property on a Euro-Mediterranean scale - a practice initiated in the Order's years in Latin Syria - helped chart the course of Hospitaller history, rendering the Order sensitive to events on the continent. Any land property in Europe was at risk of intrusion, occupation or exploitation by armies on the move, and the Hospital’s property was no exception. This study is an analysis of the Order of St John’s contrasting attitudes to violence, and the geographical, political, religious, and historical situations that generated such an approach.\r\n\r\nPLEASE NOTE:\r\n1. (albeit sparing Christian and Venetian merchants..) should read (albeit not sparing Christian and Venetian merchants..), although it must be stated that this generally contravened the Order's Statute and the prohibitions stated on letters patent for piratical activity issued in Malta, and HJA Sire (1996) elaborates on this, underlining how, in principle, the Order was against such practice.\r\n2. The 'deeply-rooted divisions' mentioned in the text are a reference to enduring confessional animosities fostered by recurring confrontation spanning centuries, starting with the Arab invasions of the 7th-9th centuries. Very obviously they do NOT exclude encounters. If anyone is DAFT enough to interpret it otherwise, please let him.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38797121,"asset_id":3756930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":158143,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Grech","domain_name":"aum-mt","page_name":"IvanGrech","display_name":"Ivan Grech","profile_url":"https://aum-mt.academia.edu/IvanGrech?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158143/87005/94951/s65_ivan.grech.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":5431,"name":"Seventeenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seventeenth_Century?f_ri=131"},{"id":15289,"name":"Ottoman-Habsburg relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman-Habsburg_relations?f_ri=131"},{"id":15736,"name":"History of the Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Mediterranean?f_ri=131"},{"id":25719,"name":"Religious History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":64446,"name":"Military Orders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Orders?f_ri=131"},{"id":120272,"name":"Hospitaller Order of St John","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitaller_Order_of_St_John?f_ri=131"},{"id":120273,"name":"History of Malta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Malta?f_ri=131"},{"id":545156,"name":"Order of St John","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Order_of_St_John?f_ri=131"},{"id":639656,"name":"Order of St. John of Jerusalem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Order_of_St._John_of_Jerusalem?f_ri=131"},{"id":854922,"name":"Cavalieri Di Malta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cavalieri_Di_Malta?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50065193" data-work_id="50065193" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50065193/The_Frustrated_Peace_The_Political_Social_and_Economic_Impact_of_the_Versailles_Treaty">The Frustrated Peace? The Political, Social and Economic Impact of the Versailles Treaty</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Paris Peace Conference put the First World War in the past. Signatures of individual peace treaties with defeated countries Germany, Austria, Hungary and their allies Bulgaria and Turkey put an end to one of the cruelest conflicts of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50065193" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Paris Peace Conference put the First World War in the past. Signatures of individual peace treaties with defeated countries Germany, Austria, Hungary and their allies Bulgaria and Turkey put an end to one of the cruelest conflicts of all time, which is rightfully often referred to as the Great War. With its multifaceted repercussions, the First World War certainly represented one of the most crucial breaking points in the development of modern Europe. For many countries and nations, it was the actual start of the 20th century. However, it also signaled the end of a fairly brief dominance and the beginning of the fall of the old continent, which was brought forth as a result of the second global conflict, the Cold War between the superpowers, as well as the dissolution of the global empires of the European superpowers. The end of the Great War and its impact, including the unequivocally democratizing and socially revolutionary waves, was an attempt at a new, fundamentally changed organization of international life and its current established order. The Parisian aftermath radically transformed the composition of the face of Europe: as a result of the dissolution of the monarchies – the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary – and laid the foundation for a new European continent, which basically exists to this day in spite of changes caused by the Second World War.<br />… Read more<br />The Paris Peace Conference put the First World War in the past. Signatures of individual peace treaties with defeated countries Germany, Austria, Hungary and their allies Bulgaria and Turkey put an end to one of the cruelest conflicts of all time, which is rightfully often referred to as the Great War. With its multifaceted repercussions, the First World War certainly represented one of the most crucial breaking points in the development of modern Europe. For many countries and nations, it was the actual start of the 20th century. However, it also signaled the end of a fairly brief dominance and the beginning of the fall of the old continent, which was brought forth as a result of the second global conflict, the Cold War between the superpowers, as well as the dissolution of the global empires of the European superpowers. The end of the Great War and its impact, including the unequivocally democratizing and socially revolutionary waves, was an attempt at a new, fundamentally changed organization of international life and its current established order. The Parisian aftermath radically transformed the composition of the face of Europe: as a result of the dissolution of the monarchies – the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary – and laid the foundation for a new European continent, which basically exists to this day in spite of changes caused by the Second World War.<br />… Read more<br />The Paris Peace Conference put the First World War in the past. Signatures of individual peace treaties with defeated countries Germany, Austria, Hungary and their allies Bulgaria and Turkey put an end to one of the cruelest conflicts of all time, which is rightfully often referred to as the Great War. With its multifaceted repercussions, the First World War certainly represented one of the most crucial breaking points in the development of modern Europe. For many countries and nations, it was the actual start of the 20th century. However, it also signaled the end of a fairly brief dominance and the beginning of the fall of the old continent, which was brought forth as a result of the second global conflict, the Cold War between the superpowers, as well as the dissolution of the global empires of the European superpowers. The end of the Great War and its impact, including the unequivocally democratizing and socially revolutionary waves, was an attempt at a new, fundamentally changed organization of international life and its current established order. The Parisian aftermath radically transformed the composition of the face of Europe: as a result of the dissolution of the monarchies – the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary – and laid the foundation for a new European continent, which basically exists to this day in spite of changes caused by the Second World War.<br />… Read more<br />The Paris Peace Conference put the First World War in the past. Signatures of individual peace treaties with defeated countries Germany, Austria, Hungary and their allies Bulgaria and Turkey put an end to one of the cruelest conflicts of all time, which is rightfully often referred to as the Great War. With its multifaceted repercussions, the First World War certainly represented one of the most crucial breaking points in the development of modern Europe. For many countries and nations, it was the actual start of the 20th century. However, it also signaled the end of a fairly brief dominance and the beginning of the fall of the old continent, which was brought forth as a result of the second global conflict, the Cold War between the superpowers, as well as the dissolution of the global empires of the European superpowers. The end of the Great War and its impact, including the unequivocally democratizing and socially revolutionary waves, was an attempt at a new, fundamentally changed organization of international life and its current established order. The Parisian aftermath radically transformed the composition of the face of Europe: as a result of the dissolution of the monarchies – the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary – and laid the foundation for a new European continent, which basically exists to this day in spite of changes caused by the Second World War.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50065193" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70fa600919f7020e25c830f9f513baaa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68188336,"asset_id":50065193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68188336/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8270724" href="https://cas-cz.academia.edu/Vojt%C4%9BchKessler">Vojtěch Kessler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8270724" type="text/json">{"id":8270724,"first_name":"Vojtěch","last_name":"Kessler","domain_name":"cas-cz","page_name":"VojtěchKessler","display_name":"Vojtěch Kessler","profile_url":"https://cas-cz.academia.edu/Vojt%C4%9BchKessler?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8270724/2849889/139215552/s65_vojt_ch.kessler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50065193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50065193"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50065193, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50065193", }); 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The Political, Social and Economic Impact of the Versailles Treaty","created_at":"2021-07-19T01:46:38.787-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50065193/The_Frustrated_Peace_The_Political_Social_and_Economic_Impact_of_the_Versailles_Treaty?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_50065193","summary":"The Paris Peace Conference put the First World War in the past. Signatures of individual peace treaties with defeated countries Germany, Austria, Hungary and their allies Bulgaria and Turkey put an end to one of the cruelest conflicts of all time, which is rightfully often referred to as the Great War. With its multifaceted repercussions, the First World War certainly represented one of the most crucial breaking points in the development of modern Europe. For many countries and nations, it was the actual start of the 20th century. However, it also signaled the end of a fairly brief dominance and the beginning of the fall of the old continent, which was brought forth as a result of the second global conflict, the Cold War between the superpowers, as well as the dissolution of the global empires of the European superpowers. The end of the Great War and its impact, including the unequivocally democratizing and socially revolutionary waves, was an attempt at a new, fundamentally changed organization of international life and its current established order. The Parisian aftermath radically transformed the composition of the face of Europe: as a result of the dissolution of the monarchies – the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary – and laid the foundation for a new European continent, which basically exists to this day in spite of changes caused by the Second World War.\n… Read more\nThe Paris Peace Conference put the First World War in the past. Signatures of individual peace treaties with defeated countries Germany, Austria, Hungary and their allies Bulgaria and Turkey put an end to one of the cruelest conflicts of all time, which is rightfully often referred to as the Great War. With its multifaceted repercussions, the First World War certainly represented one of the most crucial breaking points in the development of modern Europe. For many countries and nations, it was the actual start of the 20th century. However, it also signaled the end of a fairly brief dominance and the beginning of the fall of the old continent, which was brought forth as a result of the second global conflict, the Cold War between the superpowers, as well as the dissolution of the global empires of the European superpowers. The end of the Great War and its impact, including the unequivocally democratizing and socially revolutionary waves, was an attempt at a new, fundamentally changed organization of international life and its current established order. The Parisian aftermath radically transformed the composition of the face of Europe: as a result of the dissolution of the monarchies – the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary – and laid the foundation for a new European continent, which basically exists to this day in spite of changes caused by the Second World War.\n… Read more\nThe Paris Peace Conference put the First World War in the past. Signatures of individual peace treaties with defeated countries Germany, Austria, Hungary and their allies Bulgaria and Turkey put an end to one of the cruelest conflicts of all time, which is rightfully often referred to as the Great War. With its multifaceted repercussions, the First World War certainly represented one of the most crucial breaking points in the development of modern Europe. For many countries and nations, it was the actual start of the 20th century. However, it also signaled the end of a fairly brief dominance and the beginning of the fall of the old continent, which was brought forth as a result of the second global conflict, the Cold War between the superpowers, as well as the dissolution of the global empires of the European superpowers. The end of the Great War and its impact, including the unequivocally democratizing and socially revolutionary waves, was an attempt at a new, fundamentally changed organization of international life and its current established order. The Parisian aftermath radically transformed the composition of the face of Europe: as a result of the dissolution of the monarchies – the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary – and laid the foundation for a new European continent, which basically exists to this day in spite of changes caused by the Second World War.\n… Read more\nThe Paris Peace Conference put the First World War in the past. Signatures of individual peace treaties with defeated countries Germany, Austria, Hungary and their allies Bulgaria and Turkey put an end to one of the cruelest conflicts of all time, which is rightfully often referred to as the Great War. With its multifaceted repercussions, the First World War certainly represented one of the most crucial breaking points in the development of modern Europe. For many countries and nations, it was the actual start of the 20th century. However, it also signaled the end of a fairly brief dominance and the beginning of the fall of the old continent, which was brought forth as a result of the second global conflict, the Cold War between the superpowers, as well as the dissolution of the global empires of the European superpowers. The end of the Great War and its impact, including the unequivocally democratizing and socially revolutionary waves, was an attempt at a new, fundamentally changed organization of international life and its current established order. The Parisian aftermath radically transformed the composition of the face of Europe: as a result of the dissolution of the monarchies – the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary – and laid the foundation for a new European continent, which basically exists to this day in spite of changes caused by the Second World War.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68188336,"asset_id":50065193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8270724,"first_name":"Vojtěch","last_name":"Kessler","domain_name":"cas-cz","page_name":"VojtěchKessler","display_name":"Vojtěch Kessler","profile_url":"https://cas-cz.academia.edu/Vojt%C4%9BchKessler?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8270724/2849889/139215552/s65_vojt_ch.kessler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":18548,"name":"Interwar Period History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interwar_Period_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":33652,"name":"History of Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Diplomacy?f_ri=131"},{"id":234010,"name":"Treaty of Versailles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treaty_of_Versailles?f_ri=131"},{"id":313371,"name":"Diplomacy and international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy_and_international_relations?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11748935" data-work_id="11748935" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11748935/Was_Hegel_an_Islamophobe_And_Why_Does_it_Matter">Was Hegel an Islamophobe? And Why Does it Matter?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11748935" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14ac1375fbd5b5f7dc48f33b7ef8e2b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37177329,"asset_id":11748935,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37177329/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="286682" href="https://gmu.academia.edu/MohammadSalama">Mohammad Salama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="286682" type="text/json">{"id":286682,"first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Salama","domain_name":"gmu","page_name":"MohammadSalama","display_name":"Mohammad Salama","profile_url":"https://gmu.academia.edu/MohammadSalama?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/286682/939916/24457805/s65_mohammad.salama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11748935 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11748935"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11748935, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11748935", }); 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38004123/History_and_Belonging_Representations_of_the_Past_in_Contemporary_European_Politics_New_York_Berghahn_Books_2018_">History and Belonging: Representations of the Past in Contemporary European Politics (New York: Berghahn Books, 2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In cultural and intellectual terms, one of the EU’s most important objectives in pursuing unification has been to develop a common historical narrative of Europe. Across ten compelling case studies, this volume examines the premises... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38004123" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In cultural and intellectual terms, one of the EU’s most important objectives in pursuing unification has been to develop a common historical narrative of Europe. Across ten compelling case studies, this volume examines the premises underlying such a project to ask: Could such an uncontested history of Europe ever exist? Combining studies of national politics, supranational institutions and the fraught EU−Mideast periphery with a particular focus on the twentieth century, this volume offers a fascinating survey of the attempt to forge a post-national identity politics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38004123" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6360008e51b84b3003dfa961942684b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58023604,"asset_id":38004123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58023604/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3422468" href="https://ruhr-uni-bochum.academia.edu/CanerTekin">Caner Tekin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3422468" type="text/json">{"id":3422468,"first_name":"Caner","last_name":"Tekin","domain_name":"ruhr-uni-bochum","page_name":"CanerTekin","display_name":"Caner Tekin","profile_url":"https://ruhr-uni-bochum.academia.edu/CanerTekin?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3422468/1162618/38630449/s65_caner.tekin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38004123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38004123"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38004123, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38004123", }); 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Combining studies of national politics, supranational institutions and the fraught EU−Mideast periphery with a particular focus on the twentieth century, this volume offers a fascinating survey of the attempt to forge a post-national identity politics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58023604,"asset_id":38004123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3422468,"first_name":"Caner","last_name":"Tekin","domain_name":"ruhr-uni-bochum","page_name":"CanerTekin","display_name":"Caner Tekin","profile_url":"https://ruhr-uni-bochum.academia.edu/CanerTekin?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3422468/1162618/38630449/s65_caner.tekin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3987,"name":"History and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Memory?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":11452,"name":"Memory Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":11483,"name":"Cultural Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory?f_ri=131"},{"id":21701,"name":"Politics of Writing History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Writing_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":86853,"name":"History and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Politics?f_ri=131"},{"id":93493,"name":"Politics of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_History?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11787867" data-work_id="11787867" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11787867/Tr%C3%B6glitz_Rehmsdorf_Concentration_Camp">Tröglitz/Rehmsdorf - Concentration Camp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">in: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Concentration Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945, Volume 1, Indiana University Press 2009.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11787867" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c10e073cb8d887d17975c4a74a5df89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37205543,"asset_id":11787867,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37205543/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1217416" href="https://ie-ei.academia.edu/TobiasB%C3%BCtow">Tobias Bütow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1217416" type="text/json">{"id":1217416,"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Bütow","domain_name":"ie-ei","page_name":"TobiasBütow","display_name":"Tobias Bütow","profile_url":"https://ie-ei.academia.edu/TobiasB%C3%BCtow?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1217416/19373911/19290759/s65_tobias.b_tow.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11787867 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11787867"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11787867, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11787867", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11787867]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11787867").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11787867").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11787867"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies">German Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="384" type="text/json">{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1697" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence">Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1697" type="text/json">{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1729" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History">German History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1729" type="text/json">{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11787867]'), work: {"id":11787867,"title":"Tröglitz/Rehmsdorf - Concentration Camp","created_at":"2015-04-04T02:04:54.315-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11787867/Tr%C3%B6glitz_Rehmsdorf_Concentration_Camp?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_11787867","summary":"in: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Concentration Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945, Volume 1, Indiana University Press 2009. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37205543,"asset_id":11787867,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1217416,"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Bütow","domain_name":"ie-ei","page_name":"TobiasBütow","display_name":"Tobias Bütow","profile_url":"https://ie-ei.academia.edu/TobiasB%C3%BCtow?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1217416/19373911/19290759/s65_tobias.b_tow.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=131"},{"id":3972,"name":"Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=131"},{"id":12742,"name":"Holocaust Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocaust_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":14088,"name":"20th Century German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_German_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":43023,"name":"Nazi Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nazi_Germany?f_ri=131"},{"id":66678,"name":"Nazism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nazism?f_ri=131"},{"id":77293,"name":"Holocaust and Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocaust_and_Genocide_Studies?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13602244" data-work_id="13602244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13602244/OS_NACIONALISMOS_DO_S%C3%89CULO_XIX_O_CASO_DO_SCHLESWIG_HOLSTEIN">OS NACIONALISMOS DO SÉCULO XIX: O CASO DO SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neste trabalho o objetivo principal é de evidenciar o nacionalismo alemão, através de Fichte com o nacionalismo dinamarquês, através de Orla Lehmann no século XIX e seus desdobramentos na anexação do Schleswig-Holstein pela Prússia no ano... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13602244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neste trabalho o objetivo principal é de evidenciar o nacionalismo alemão, através de Fichte<br />com o nacionalismo dinamarquês, através de Orla Lehmann no século XIX e seus<br />desdobramentos na anexação do Schleswig-Holstein pela Prússia no ano de 1866 e o papel<br />que tais movimentos tiveram neste processo histórico. Para entender esse contexto,<br />devemos ter em mente a questão linguística e a histórica dessa região, como também as<br />relações da Prússia com a Europa. A situação da Península da Jutlândia, e mais<br />propriamente dos ducados de Schleswig e Holstein começaram a preocupar a Europa no<br />século XIX, principalmente as potências estrangeiras, como a Grã-Bretanha, França e<br />Rússia, que não aceitariam uma Dinamarca enfraquecida em favor da Confederação<br />Germânica, nem a Prússia adquirirem o ducado de Holstein com o importante porto naval de<br />Kiel e com isso controlar todas as rotas de comércio através do mar Báltico. Essa tensão<br />surge devido as grandes aspirações de Bismarck, ou seja, de sua política expansionista de<br />cunho militar e econômico com bases no nacionalismo alemão do século XIX.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13602244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f822a3dcf0145193e5a82c17354dfc88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38085743,"asset_id":13602244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38085743/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="511923" href="https://univ-uab.academia.edu/CarlosAugustoTrojaner">Carlos Augusto Rohr Trojaner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="511923" type="text/json">{"id":511923,"first_name":"Carlos Augusto","last_name":"Rohr Trojaner","domain_name":"univ-uab","page_name":"CarlosAugustoTrojaner","display_name":"Carlos Augusto Rohr Trojaner","profile_url":"https://univ-uab.academia.edu/CarlosAugustoTrojaner?f_ri=131","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13602244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13602244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13602244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13602244", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13602244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13602244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13602244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13602244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10422" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity">National Identity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10422" type="text/json">{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13006" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_History">Immigration History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13006" type="text/json">{"id":13006,"name":"Immigration History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13602244]'), work: {"id":13602244,"title":"OS NACIONALISMOS DO SÉCULO XIX: O CASO DO SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN","created_at":"2015-07-03T20:04:53.571-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13602244/OS_NACIONALISMOS_DO_S%C3%89CULO_XIX_O_CASO_DO_SCHLESWIG_HOLSTEIN?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_13602244","summary":"Neste trabalho o objetivo principal é de evidenciar o nacionalismo alemão, através de Fichte\ncom o nacionalismo dinamarquês, através de Orla Lehmann no século XIX e seus\ndesdobramentos na anexação do Schleswig-Holstein pela Prússia no ano de 1866 e o papel\nque tais movimentos tiveram neste processo histórico. Para entender esse contexto,\ndevemos ter em mente a questão linguística e a histórica dessa região, como também as\nrelações da Prússia com a Europa. A situação da Península da Jutlândia, e mais\npropriamente dos ducados de Schleswig e Holstein começaram a preocupar a Europa no\nséculo XIX, principalmente as potências estrangeiras, como a Grã-Bretanha, França e\nRússia, que não aceitariam uma Dinamarca enfraquecida em favor da Confederação\nGermânica, nem a Prússia adquirirem o ducado de Holstein com o importante porto naval de\nKiel e com isso controlar todas as rotas de comércio através do mar Báltico. Essa tensão\nsurge devido as grandes aspirações de Bismarck, ou seja, de sua política expansionista de\ncunho militar e econômico com bases no nacionalismo alemão do século XIX.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38085743,"asset_id":13602244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":511923,"first_name":"Carlos Augusto","last_name":"Rohr Trojaner","domain_name":"univ-uab","page_name":"CarlosAugustoTrojaner","display_name":"Carlos Augusto Rohr Trojaner","profile_url":"https://univ-uab.academia.edu/CarlosAugustoTrojaner?f_ri=131","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":13006,"name":"Immigration History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":248055,"name":"Schleswig-Holstein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schleswig-Holstein?f_ri=131"},{"id":798847,"name":"Preussen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preussen?f_ri=131"},{"id":900560,"name":"Slesvig-Schleswig","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slesvig-Schleswig?f_ri=131"},{"id":939074,"name":"Immigration Status \u0026 Nationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Status_and_Nationality?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62095823" data-work_id="62095823" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62095823/Yiddish_or_Jewish_German_The_Holocaust_the_Goethe_Institut_and_Germanys_Neglected_Obligation_to_Peace_and_the_Common_European_Cultural_Heritage_%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_1_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%91%D1%82%D1%8D_%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B_">Yiddish, or Jewish German? The Holocaust, the Goethe-Institut, and Germany's Neglected Obligation to Peace and the Common European Cultural Heritage [Ідыш, або габрэйскі нямецкі? 1 Халакост, Інстытут імя Гётэ, і занядбанае абавязацельства Германіі да міру і агульнай эўрапейскай культурнай спадчыны]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The vast majority of Holocaust victims and survivors were Ashkenazim. Their main language was Yiddish. Yiddish is very close to German, the main difference being that the former is written in Hebrew letters, while the latter in Latin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62095823" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The vast majority of Holocaust victims and survivors were Ashkenazim. Their main language was Yiddish. Yiddish is very close to German, the main difference being that the former is written in Hebrew letters, while the latter in Latin ones. Postwar Europe' s moral foundation is Holocaust remembrance. But this remembrance to be effective, it must be active in the absence of Holocaust survivors. A way to ensure that could be the novel school and university subject of Yiddish for reading purposes. As a result, researchers and interested Europeans would start reading documents and books in Yiddish again. Germany' s premiere cultural organization, Goethe-Institut, is uniquely well-placed and morally obligated to facilitate the relaunch, popularization and cultivation of the skill to read Yiddish-language sources and publications for both the sake of research and for pleasure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62095823" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ade07166ca05eecffd48d3b17ec35619" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74950507,"asset_id":62095823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74950507/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1038344" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/TomKamusella">Tom Kamusella</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1038344" type="text/json">{"id":1038344,"first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Kamusella","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"TomKamusella","display_name":"Tom Kamusella","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/TomKamusella?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1038344/15014775/15750762/s65_tom.kamusella.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62095823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62095823"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62095823, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62095823", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62095823]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62095823").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62095823").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62095823"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies">German Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="384" type="text/json">{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="662" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Literature">German Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="662" type="text/json">{"id":662,"name":"German Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Literature?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="669" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yiddish_Literature">Yiddish Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="669" type="text/json">{"id":669,"name":"Yiddish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yiddish_Literature?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62095823]'), work: {"id":62095823,"title":"Yiddish, or Jewish German? The Holocaust, the Goethe-Institut, and Germany's Neglected Obligation to Peace and the Common European Cultural Heritage [Ідыш, або габрэйскі нямецкі? 1 Халакост, Інстытут імя Гётэ, і занядбанае абавязацельства Германіі да міру і агульнай эўрапейскай культурнай спадчыны]","created_at":"2021-11-21T00:27:15.716-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62095823/Yiddish_or_Jewish_German_The_Holocaust_the_Goethe_Institut_and_Germanys_Neglected_Obligation_to_Peace_and_the_Common_European_Cultural_Heritage_%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_1_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%91%D1%82%D1%8D_%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B_?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_62095823","summary":"The vast majority of Holocaust victims and survivors were Ashkenazim. Their main language was Yiddish. Yiddish is very close to German, the main difference being that the former is written in Hebrew letters, while the latter in Latin ones. Postwar Europe' s moral foundation is Holocaust remembrance. But this remembrance to be effective, it must be active in the absence of Holocaust survivors. A way to ensure that could be the novel school and university subject of Yiddish for reading purposes. As a result, researchers and interested Europeans would start reading documents and books in Yiddish again. Germany' s premiere cultural organization, Goethe-Institut, is uniquely well-placed and morally obligated to facilitate the relaunch, popularization and cultivation of the skill to read Yiddish-language sources and publications for both the sake of research and for pleasure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74950507,"asset_id":62095823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1038344,"first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Kamusella","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"TomKamusella","display_name":"Tom Kamusella","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/TomKamusella?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1038344/15014775/15750762/s65_tom.kamusella.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":384,"name":"German 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German-Jewish_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":142909,"name":"Yiddish Culture and Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yiddish_Culture_and_Language?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_793655" data-work_id="793655" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/793655/Die_Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Natur_und_V%C3%B6lkerkunde_Ostasiens_OAG_zwischen_den_Weltkriegen">Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens (OAG) zwischen den Weltkriegen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While the book mainly deals with questions of German Jews, who escaped to Japan and Korea during the 1930s and early 40s, my contribution covers the history of the German East Asiatic Society (OAG) from its foundation in 1873 to 1945,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_793655" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While the book mainly deals with questions of German Jews, who escaped to Japan and Korea during the 1930s and early 40s, my contribution covers the history of the German East Asiatic Society (OAG) from its foundation in 1873 to 1945, focusing mostly on the 1930s and early 40s.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/793655" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="112093" href="https://daito.academia.edu/ChristianWSpang">Christian W. Spang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="112093" type="text/json">{"id":112093,"first_name":"Christian W.","last_name":"Spang","domain_name":"daito","page_name":"ChristianWSpang","display_name":"Christian W. Spang","profile_url":"https://daito.academia.edu/ChristianWSpang?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112093/30366/150939134/s65_christian_w..spang.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_793655 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="793655"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 793655, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_793655", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_793655 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 793655; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_793655"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_793655 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="793655"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 793655; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=793655]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_793655").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_793655").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="793655"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies">German Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="384" type="text/json">{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1729" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History">German History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1729" type="text/json">{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=793655]'), work: {"id":793655,"title":"Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens (OAG) zwischen den Weltkriegen","created_at":"2011-07-31T21:33:22.053-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/793655/Die_Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Natur_und_V%C3%B6lkerkunde_Ostasiens_OAG_zwischen_den_Weltkriegen?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_793655","summary":"While the book mainly deals with questions of German Jews, who escaped to Japan and Korea during the 1930s and early 40s, my contribution covers the history of the German East Asiatic Society (OAG) from its foundation in 1873 to 1945, focusing mostly on the 1930s and early 40s.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6172087,"asset_id":793655,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":112093,"first_name":"Christian W.","last_name":"Spang","domain_name":"daito","page_name":"ChristianWSpang","display_name":"Christian W. Spang","profile_url":"https://daito.academia.edu/ChristianWSpang?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112093/30366/150939134/s65_christian_w..spang.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":6741,"name":"Asian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":14088,"name":"20th Century German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_German_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":352428,"name":"German East Asiatic Society (OAG)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_East_Asiatic_Society_OAG_?f_ri=131"},{"id":352430,"name":"German-Japanese Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German-Japanese_Relations?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6852452" data-work_id="6852452" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6852452/Building_Europe_on_Expertise_Innovators_Organizers_Networkers_London_Palgrave_Macmillan_2014_with_Helmuth_Trischler_">Building Europe on Expertise. Innovators, Organizers, Networkers. London: Palgrave Macmillan 2014 (with Helmuth Trischler)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Focusing on experts in technology and science, ‘Building Europe on Expertise’ delivers a new reading of European history. The authors show that modern European history was defined by experts using their new knowledge to shape societies,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6852452" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Focusing on experts in technology and science, ‘Building Europe on Expertise’ delivers a new reading of European history. The authors show that modern European history was defined by experts using their new knowledge to shape societies, set political agendas and establish research institutions and agendas which proved decisive in integrating the continent.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6852452" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="050b789b8fc7ec710b41e36abc618ecc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37094101,"asset_id":6852452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37094101/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="278597" href="https://expernova.academia.edu/MartinKohlrausch">Martin Kohlrausch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="278597" type="text/json">{"id":278597,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Kohlrausch","domain_name":"expernova","page_name":"MartinKohlrausch","display_name":"Martin Kohlrausch","profile_url":"https://expernova.academia.edu/MartinKohlrausch?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/278597/57325/4235313/s65_martin.kohlrausch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6852452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6852452"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6852452, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6852452", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6852452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6852452; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6852452"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6852452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6852452"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6852452; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6852452]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6852452").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6852452").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6852452"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="470" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expert_Systems">Expert Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="470" type="text/json">{"id":470,"name":"Expert Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expert_Systems?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6852452]'), work: {"id":6852452,"title":"Building Europe on Expertise. Innovators, Organizers, Networkers. London: Palgrave Macmillan 2014 (with Helmuth Trischler)","created_at":"2014-04-23T19:20:18.272-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6852452/Building_Europe_on_Expertise_Innovators_Organizers_Networkers_London_Palgrave_Macmillan_2014_with_Helmuth_Trischler_?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_6852452","summary":"Focusing on experts in technology and science, ‘Building Europe on Expertise’ delivers a new reading of European history. The authors show that modern European history was defined by experts using their new knowledge to shape societies, set political agendas and establish research institutions and agendas which proved decisive in integrating the continent.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37094101,"asset_id":6852452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":278597,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Kohlrausch","domain_name":"expernova","page_name":"MartinKohlrausch","display_name":"Martin Kohlrausch","profile_url":"https://expernova.academia.edu/MartinKohlrausch?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/278597/57325/4235313/s65_martin.kohlrausch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":470,"name":"Expert Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expert_Systems?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=131"},{"id":6326,"name":"Central European history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_European_history?f_ri=131"},{"id":28394,"name":"Exhibition, Museum, Expositions and Worlds Fairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exhibition_Museum_Expositions_and_Worlds_Fairs?f_ri=131"},{"id":51062,"name":"Experts in the 20th century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experts_in_the_20th_century?f_ri=131"},{"id":232738,"name":"Experts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experts?f_ri=131"},{"id":1186656,"name":"Transition in Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transition_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29053113" data-work_id="29053113" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29053113/Europa_1655_Memorie_dalla_corte_di_Francia">Europa 1655. Memorie dalla corte di Francia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La seconda Relatione di Francia conservata nell’Archivio di Stato di Venezia sotto il nome di Michele Morosini, datata al 1655, è di ampio respiro. Potrebbe essere idealmente divisibile in due sezioni: una prima, dedicata alla situazione... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29053113" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La seconda Relatione di Francia conservata nell’Archivio di Stato di Venezia sotto il nome di Michele Morosini, datata al 1655, è di ampio respiro.<br /><br />Potrebbe essere idealmente divisibile in due sezioni: una prima, dedicata alla situazione interna del paese, con attenzione alle persone e ai fatti, e una seconda, interessata alle relazioni della corte di Francia con gli altri Stati europei.<br /><br />In tempi di turbinosi contatti diplomatici, Michele Morosini, che era stato inviato in Francia per sollecitare aiuti per il conflitto che da anni opponeva la Repubblica di Venezia alla Sublime Porta di Costantinopoli, riuscì non solo a prendere contatti diretti con i principali protagonisti della politica francese del tempo, ma anche a rendersi conto da vicino dello stato economico, politico e sociale del paese che visitò di persona quando fu costretto a seguire la corte fuori da Parigi.<br /><br />Rincorrendo i regnanti, infatti, percorse le regioni del nord-est, confinanti con le Fiandre, e quelle del sud-ovest, verso la Spagna, avendo così modo di scorgere i drammatici segni di una guerra logorante, che aveva depauperato regioni già floride e scavato solchi di incomprensione tra istituzioni e ceti di cittadini.<br /><br />Di questa esperienza, si relaziona, trattando, dopo una rapida introduzione, dei seguenti argomenti:<br /><br />– la situazione socio-economica dello Stato, del territorio e dei suoi abitanti;<br /><br />– il re Luigi XIV e i personaggi di spicco della corte, tra i quali la regina madre Anna d’Austria, il primo ministro cardinale Giulio Mazzarino, il duca di Orléans e il duca di Condé;<br /><br />– il Consiglio di Stato, il Parlamento e gli sconvolgimenti della Fronda;<br /><br />– gli indirizzi della politica estera francese, con particolare attenzione all’ostilità contro la Spagna, ma anche all’amicizia nutrita nei confronti di altre potenze continentali, come la Svezia, le Province Unite, il Portogallo, la Repubblica di San Marco e altri Stati della penisola.<br /><br />La breve conclusione, com’era consuetudine, fa cenno al predecessore e al successore nella rappresentanza diplomatica, e mostra la gratitudine di Morosini per l’opportunità avuta di rendersi utile alla Repubblica.<br /><br />Nel testo non mancano opinioni personali dell’autore, soprattutto su alcune figure di spicco dell’entourage parigino, una serie di giudizi spesso legati all’osservazione diretta della realtà, ai racconti di probabili informatori e, non meno, alle sue simpatie o antipatie.<br /><br />Ne scaturisce un quadro complesso, ma allo stesso tempo di grande importanza dal punto di vista storico e culturale, poiché nella relazione si ritrovano molti e differenti aspetti della vita privata di personaggi, descrizioni speziate di figure che si muovono in un ambiente privilegiato nel quale si decidono le sorti dell’intera nazione e s’influenzano quelle europee.<br /><br />Dettagliati i resoconti della situazione socio-politico-economica della Francia di metà Seicento, nella fase in cui tenta di imporsi, non senza difficoltà, come nazione guida per l’intera Europa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29053113" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a30a815167150cb10c6745b79430552e" rel="nofollow" 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class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29053113; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29053113"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29053113 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29053113"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29053113; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29053113]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29053113").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29053113").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29053113"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1629" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Studies">French Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1629" type="text/json">{"id":1629,"name":"French Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29053113]'), work: {"id":29053113,"title":"Europa 1655. Memorie dalla corte di Francia","created_at":"2016-10-10T08:27:36.684-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29053113/Europa_1655_Memorie_dalla_corte_di_Francia?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_29053113","summary":"La seconda Relatione di Francia conservata nell’Archivio di Stato di Venezia sotto il nome di Michele Morosini, datata al 1655, è di ampio respiro.\n\nPotrebbe essere idealmente divisibile in due sezioni: una prima, dedicata alla situazione interna del paese, con attenzione alle persone e ai fatti, e una seconda, interessata alle relazioni della corte di Francia con gli altri Stati europei.\n\nIn tempi di turbinosi contatti diplomatici, Michele Morosini, che era stato inviato in Francia per sollecitare aiuti per il conflitto che da anni opponeva la Repubblica di Venezia alla Sublime Porta di Costantinopoli, riuscì non solo a prendere contatti diretti con i principali protagonisti della politica francese del tempo, ma anche a rendersi conto da vicino dello stato economico, politico e sociale del paese che visitò di persona quando fu costretto a seguire la corte fuori da Parigi.\n\nRincorrendo i regnanti, infatti, percorse le regioni del nord-est, confinanti con le Fiandre, e quelle del sud-ovest, verso la Spagna, avendo così modo di scorgere i drammatici segni di una guerra logorante, che aveva depauperato regioni già floride e scavato solchi di incomprensione tra istituzioni e ceti di cittadini.\n\nDi questa esperienza, si relaziona, trattando, dopo una rapida introduzione, dei seguenti argomenti:\n\n– la situazione socio-economica dello Stato, del territorio e dei suoi abitanti;\n\n– il re Luigi XIV e i personaggi di spicco della corte, tra i quali la regina madre Anna d’Austria, il primo ministro cardinale Giulio Mazzarino, il duca di Orléans e il duca di Condé;\n\n– il Consiglio di Stato, il Parlamento e gli sconvolgimenti della Fronda;\n\n– gli indirizzi della politica estera francese, con particolare attenzione all’ostilità contro la Spagna, ma anche all’amicizia nutrita nei confronti di altre potenze continentali, come la Svezia, le Province Unite, il Portogallo, la Repubblica di San Marco e altri Stati della penisola.\n\nLa breve conclusione, com’era consuetudine, fa cenno al predecessore e al successore nella rappresentanza diplomatica, e mostra la gratitudine di Morosini per l’opportunità avuta di rendersi utile alla Repubblica.\n\nNel testo non mancano opinioni personali dell’autore, soprattutto su alcune figure di spicco dell’entourage parigino, una serie di giudizi spesso legati all’osservazione diretta della realtà, ai racconti di probabili informatori e, non meno, alle sue simpatie o antipatie.\n\nNe scaturisce un quadro complesso, ma allo stesso tempo di grande importanza dal punto di vista storico e culturale, poiché nella relazione si ritrovano molti e differenti aspetti della vita privata di personaggi, descrizioni speziate di figure che si muovono in un ambiente privilegiato nel quale si decidono le sorti dell’intera nazione e s’influenzano quelle europee.\n\nDettagliati i resoconti della situazione socio-politico-economica della Francia di metà Seicento, nella fase in cui tenta di imporsi, non senza difficoltà, come nazione guida per l’intera Europa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49506236,"asset_id":29053113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6752811,"first_name":"Monduzzi Editoriale","last_name":"Cisalpino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MonduzziEditorialeCisalpino","display_name":"Monduzzi Editoriale Cisalpino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MonduzziEditorialeCisalpino?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6752811/2638735/3068256/s65_monduzzi_editoriale.cisalpino.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1629,"name":"French Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":2221,"name":"Italian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":100309,"name":"Storia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia?f_ri=131"},{"id":325317,"name":"Storia moderna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_moderna?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38824415" data-work_id="38824415" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38824415/Les_musulmans_de_Thrace_occidentale_h%C3%A9ritier_de_lEmpire_ottoman_">Les musulmans de Thrace occidentale : héritier de l'Empire ottoman ?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Participation écrite, journée d'étude (Frontières et identités)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38824415" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1387f22d34f7b7cbfbf98ff0a2a5c833" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58917307,"asset_id":38824415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58917307/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="93495881" href="https://unistra-fr.academia.edu/AbdulbakiDemir">Abdulbaki Demir</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="93495881" type="text/json">{"id":93495881,"first_name":"Abdulbaki","last_name":"Demir","domain_name":"unistra-fr","page_name":"AbdulbakiDemir","display_name":"Abdulbaki Demir","profile_url":"https://unistra-fr.academia.edu/AbdulbakiDemir?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/93495881/21451466/26105709/s65_abdulbaki.demir.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38824415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38824415"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38824415, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38824415", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38824415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38824415").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38824415"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54018" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thrace">Thrace</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54018" type="text/json">{"id":54018,"name":"Thrace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thrace?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="79533" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athens">Athens</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="79533" type="text/json">{"id":79533,"name":"Athens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athens?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82049" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gr%C3%A8ce">Grèce</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="82049" type="text/json">{"id":82049,"name":"Grèce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gr%C3%A8ce?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38824415]'), work: {"id":38824415,"title":"Les musulmans de Thrace occidentale : héritier de l'Empire ottoman ?","created_at":"2019-04-16T04:00:08.698-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38824415/Les_musulmans_de_Thrace_occidentale_h%C3%A9ritier_de_lEmpire_ottoman_?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_38824415","summary":"Participation écrite, journée d'étude (Frontières et identités) ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58917307,"asset_id":38824415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":93495881,"first_name":"Abdulbaki","last_name":"Demir","domain_name":"unistra-fr","page_name":"AbdulbakiDemir","display_name":"Abdulbaki Demir","profile_url":"https://unistra-fr.academia.edu/AbdulbakiDemir?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/93495881/21451466/26105709/s65_abdulbaki.demir.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":54018,"name":"Thrace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thrace?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":79533,"name":"Athens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athens?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":82049,"name":"Grèce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gr%C3%A8ce?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":189602,"name":"Ankara","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ankara?f_ri=131"},{"id":378246,"name":"Droit des minorités","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_des_minorites?f_ri=131"},{"id":668649,"name":"Turquie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turquie?f_ri=131"},{"id":1202314,"name":"Batı Trakya Türk Azınlığı","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bati_Trakya_Turk_Azinligi?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49509994" data-work_id="49509994" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49509994/2021_Telling_History_in_the_Shape_of_a_Myth">2021_Telling History in the Shape of a Myth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The corpus of narratives produced in Germany since 1943 about the battle of Stalingrad appears as a multifaceted "grand narrative" in which historiographical and mythical morphology coexist. The Nazi myth of Stalingrad contributed to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49509994" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The corpus of narratives produced in Germany since 1943 about the battle of Stalingrad appears as a multifaceted "grand narrative" in which historiographical and mythical morphology coexist. The Nazi myth of Stalingrad contributed to shaping the cultural memory of the event during the war, and historians lately integrated that myth into the historical discourse about the "overcoming of the past" (Vergangenheitsbewältigung). In the meantime, hundreds of veterans published their witness-accounts about the great battle, blending the two spheres of history and myth on the level of storytelling. While historiographical discourse aims to consolidate positive knowledge of the battle in terms of chronology, witness-narratives blur chronological storytelling with the mythical archetypes of conquest, defeat, fall, and resurrection. I will examine the morphological characteristics of the "grand narrative" of Stalingrad by combining the notion of "structure" (Koselleck) with that of the narrative archetype (Frye) and by integrating these tools with the theory of adaptive and evolutional narratives (Carrol; Scalise-Sugyjama) to claim that the "grand narrative" of Stalingrad can be read as the mythic-historical account of how the German community survived defeat and was reborn from its own ashes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49509994" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3d99d65bb562b15ff71d8f39d0ae3804" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67846104,"asset_id":49509994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67846104/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29796946" href="https://avh.academia.edu/GianlucaCinelli">Gianluca Cinelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29796946" type="text/json">{"id":29796946,"first_name":"Gianluca","last_name":"Cinelli","domain_name":"avh","page_name":"GianlucaCinelli","display_name":"Gianluca Cinelli","profile_url":"https://avh.academia.edu/GianlucaCinelli?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29796946/17199851/20714392/s65_gianluca.cinelli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49509994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49509994"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49509994, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49509994", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49509994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49509994; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49509994"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49509994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49509994"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49509994; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49509994]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49509994").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49509994").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49509994"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies">German Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="384" type="text/json">{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="659" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature">Comparative Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="659" type="text/json">{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma_Studies">Trauma Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6106" type="text/json">{"id":6106,"name":"Trauma Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49509994]'), work: {"id":49509994,"title":"2021_Telling History in the Shape of a Myth","created_at":"2021-07-02T05:21:59.656-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49509994/2021_Telling_History_in_the_Shape_of_a_Myth?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_49509994","summary":"The corpus of narratives produced in Germany since 1943 about the battle of Stalingrad appears as a multifaceted \"grand narrative\" in which historiographical and mythical morphology coexist. The Nazi myth of Stalingrad contributed to shaping the cultural memory of the event during the war, and historians lately integrated that myth into the historical discourse about the \"overcoming of the past\" (Vergangenheitsbewältigung). In the meantime, hundreds of veterans published their witness-accounts about the great battle, blending the two spheres of history and myth on the level of storytelling. While historiographical discourse aims to consolidate positive knowledge of the battle in terms of chronology, witness-narratives blur chronological storytelling with the mythical archetypes of conquest, defeat, fall, and resurrection. I will examine the morphological characteristics of the \"grand narrative\" of Stalingrad by combining the notion of \"structure\" (Koselleck) with that of the narrative archetype (Frye) and by integrating these tools with the theory of adaptive and evolutional narratives (Carrol; Scalise-Sugyjama) to claim that the \"grand narrative\" of Stalingrad can be read as the mythic-historical account of how the German community survived defeat and was reborn from its own ashes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67846104,"asset_id":49509994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29796946,"first_name":"Gianluca","last_name":"Cinelli","domain_name":"avh","page_name":"GianlucaCinelli","display_name":"Gianluca Cinelli","profile_url":"https://avh.academia.edu/GianlucaCinelli?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29796946/17199851/20714392/s65_gianluca.cinelli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":6106,"name":"Trauma Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":6455,"name":"20th Century German Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_German_Literature?f_ri=131"},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=131"},{"id":11296,"name":"Theory of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":12739,"name":"Second World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War?f_ri=131"},{"id":14088,"name":"20th Century German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_German_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":25999,"name":"War and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_and_Literature?f_ri=131"},{"id":52301,"name":"Myth and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myth_and_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":57842,"name":"European literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_literature?f_ri=131"},{"id":173146,"name":"Myth and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myth_and_Literature?f_ri=131"},{"id":767768,"name":"Battle of Stalingrad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Battle_of_Stalingrad?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1474058" data-work_id="1474058" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1474058/Lo_sfondo_prezioso_Villa_Bresciani_e_il_suo_ospite_pi%C3%B9_grande">Lo “sfondo” prezioso. Villa Bresciani e il suo “ospite” più grande</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The symposium “The found Christ” took place in Cervignano del Friuli (Udine) on Saturday, December 3, 2005, within the homonymous multi-year project (coord. scient. S. Blason Scarel and P. Casadio) dedicated to the rediscovery of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1474058" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The symposium “The found Christ” took place in Cervignano del Friuli (Udine) on Saturday, December 3, 2005, within the homonymous multi-year project (coord. scient. S. Blason Scarel and P. Casadio) dedicated to the rediscovery of the "Christ of the Countess", a colossal medieval wooden crucifix preserved in the chapel of St. Cross, the gentilitial oratory of the villa Bresciani in Cervignano. The Conference Proceedings are published two years later, enriched by further updates: in the volume the author outlines – for the first time – the history of the residence founded by the noble Bresciani family in Cervignano (the precious 'background' of the ancient sculpture) and he describes the different buildings, the dependencies and the furnishings including his famous 'guest', suggesting again the proposal that he already put forth at the symposium: that it is to be identified with the "Christ of St. Felix", a gigantic wooden crucifix seen in 1570 by the apostolic visitor Bartolomeo of Porcia & Brugnera inside the Basilica of Sts. Felix e Fortunate in Aquileia, at that time still raised although no more flourishing <br /> <br />Sabato 3 dicembre 2005 a Cervignano si svolse il convegno “Il Cristo ritrovato”, nell’ambito dell’omonimo progetto pluriennale (coordinamento scientifico: S. Blason Scarel - P. Casadio) dedicato alla riscoperta del “Cristo della Contessa”, il colossale crocifisso ligneo medievale conservato nella cappella di S. Croce, l’oratorio gentilizio della villa Bresciani a Cervignano. A due anni di distanza vede la luce il volume degli atti – arricchito da ulteriori aggiornamenti – al cui interno l’autore per la prima volta delinea le vicende storiche della dimora cervignanese fatta costruire dalla nobile famiglia Bresciani (il prezioso ‘sfondo’ dell’antica scultura) e ne descrive i diversi fabbricati, le pertinenze e l’arredo compreso il suo celebre ‘ospite’, riproponendo la proposta già avanzata durante il convegno: che esso sia da identificare con il “Cristo di San Felice”, il gigantesco crocifisso in legno visto dal visitatore apostolico Bartolomeo di Porcia e Brugnera nel 1570 all’interno della basilica aquileiese dei Santi Felice e Fortunato, all’epoca non più fiorente ma ancora in alzato</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1474058" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78b9b9d3d64d9988a78ce765e4af251f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11533490,"asset_id":1474058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11533490/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="374022" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GabrieleCaiazza">Gabriele Caiazza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="374022" type="text/json">{"id":374022,"first_name":"Gabriele","last_name":"Caiazza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabrieleCaiazza","display_name":"Gabriele Caiazza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GabrieleCaiazza?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/374022/101096/35197967/s65_gabriele.caiazza.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1474058 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1474058"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1474058, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1474058", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1474058]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1474058").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1474058").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1474058"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">29</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1474058]'), work: {"id":1474058,"title":"Lo “sfondo” prezioso. Villa Bresciani e il suo “ospite” più grande","created_at":"2012-03-15T04:54:14.862-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1474058/Lo_sfondo_prezioso_Villa_Bresciani_e_il_suo_ospite_pi%C3%B9_grande?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_1474058","summary":"The symposium “The found Christ” took place in Cervignano del Friuli (Udine) on Saturday, December 3, 2005, within the homonymous multi-year project (coord. scient. S. Blason Scarel and P. Casadio) dedicated to the rediscovery of the \"Christ of the Countess\", a colossal medieval wooden crucifix preserved in the chapel of St. Cross, the gentilitial oratory of the villa Bresciani in Cervignano. The Conference Proceedings are published two years later, enriched by further updates: in the volume the author outlines – for the first time – the history of the residence founded by the noble Bresciani family in Cervignano (the precious 'background' of the ancient sculpture) and he describes the different buildings, the dependencies and the furnishings including his famous 'guest', suggesting again the proposal that he already put forth at the symposium: that it is to be identified with the \"Christ of St. Felix\", a gigantic wooden crucifix seen in 1570 by the apostolic visitor Bartolomeo of Porcia \u0026 Brugnera inside the Basilica of Sts. Felix e Fortunate in Aquileia, at that time still raised although no more flourishing\r\n\r\nSabato 3 dicembre 2005 a Cervignano si svolse il convegno “Il Cristo ritrovato”, nell’ambito dell’omonimo progetto pluriennale (coordinamento scientifico: S. Blason Scarel - P. Casadio) dedicato alla riscoperta del “Cristo della Contessa”, il colossale crocifisso ligneo medievale conservato nella cappella di S. Croce, l’oratorio gentilizio della villa Bresciani a Cervignano. A due anni di distanza vede la luce il volume degli atti – arricchito da ulteriori aggiornamenti – al cui interno l’autore per la prima volta delinea le vicende storiche della dimora cervignanese fatta costruire dalla nobile famiglia Bresciani (il prezioso ‘sfondo’ dell’antica scultura) e ne descrive i diversi fabbricati, le pertinenze e l’arredo compreso il suo celebre ‘ospite’, riproponendo la proposta già avanzata durante il convegno: che esso sia da identificare con il “Cristo di San Felice”, il gigantesco crocifisso in legno visto dal visitatore apostolico Bartolomeo di Porcia e Brugnera nel 1570 all’interno della basilica aquileiese dei Santi Felice e Fortunato, all’epoca non più fiorente ma ancora in alzato","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11533490,"asset_id":1474058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":374022,"first_name":"Gabriele","last_name":"Caiazza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabrieleCaiazza","display_name":"Gabriele Caiazza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GabrieleCaiazza?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/374022/101096/35197967/s65_gabriele.caiazza.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=131"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=131"},{"id":2061,"name":"Genealogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genealogy?f_ri=131"},{"id":2725,"name":"Documentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Documentation?f_ri=131"},{"id":5731,"name":"Archaeological documentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_documentation?f_ri=131"},{"id":6560,"name":"Italian art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_art?f_ri=131"},{"id":7256,"name":"Saints' Cults","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saints_Cults?f_ri=131"},{"id":7617,"name":"Medieval Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":7885,"name":"Italian Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":13677,"name":"Early Modern Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Church_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":13966,"name":"History of Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Art?f_ri=131"},{"id":14893,"name":"Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":15807,"name":"Latin Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_Epigraphy?f_ri=131"},{"id":22386,"name":"Medieval Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Art?f_ri=131"},{"id":26308,"name":"Church monuments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_monuments?f_ri=131"},{"id":46789,"name":"Late Medieval Religion, Monasticism and Devotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Medieval_Religion_Monasticism_and_Devotion?f_ri=131"},{"id":48660,"name":"Medieval Sculpture (XIII-XVth Century)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Sculpture_XIII-XVth_Century_?f_ri=131"},{"id":85974,"name":"Aquileia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquileia?f_ri=131"},{"id":91218,"name":"Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigraphy?f_ri=131"},{"id":99891,"name":"Art and architecture associated with the medieval cult of saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_and_architecture_associated_with_the_medieval_cult_of_saints?f_ri=131"},{"id":170048,"name":"Friuli Venezia Giulia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friuli_Venezia_Giulia?f_ri=131"},{"id":332158,"name":"Medieval Goldsmithery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Goldsmithery?f_ri=131"},{"id":431046,"name":"Cervignano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervignano?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60493275" data-work_id="60493275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60493275/Western_Civilization_II">Western Civilization II</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As the title of this survey course suggests, we will study the trajectory of modern Western history. A succinct description of that trajectory may aptly serve as the unofficial subtitle of the course: "The slow death of feudal Christendom... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60493275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As the title of this survey course suggests, we will study the trajectory of modern Western history. A succinct description of that trajectory may aptly serve as the unofficial subtitle of the course: "The slow death of feudal Christendom followed by the difficult birth of the liberal-democratic nation-state." This radical shift in the theological and political orientation of the West was partly the cause and partly the product of a radical shift in our understanding of what man is and what man's relation to God and society is. The individual, understood as capable of attaining salvation without the aid of ecclesiastical intermediaries standing between himself and God, was a theological discovery or invention of modernity. Similarly the individual, understood as being by nature free from political authority and as being by nature equal to all other individuals with respect to his right to rule, was a political discovery or invention of modernity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60493275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5e60d0a50b3db27962af808a9b5e244" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73914024,"asset_id":60493275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73914024/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13656397" href="https://udallas.academia.edu/AntonioSosa">Antonio Sosa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13656397" type="text/json">{"id":13656397,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Sosa","domain_name":"udallas","page_name":"AntonioSosa","display_name":"Antonio Sosa","profile_url":"https://udallas.academia.edu/AntonioSosa?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13656397/3838028/33232221/s65_antonio.sosa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60493275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60493275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60493275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60493275", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60493275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60493275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60493275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60493275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15812" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Intellectual_History">Early Modern Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15812" type="text/json">{"id":15812,"name":"Early Modern Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Intellectual_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="149126" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Civilization">Western Civilization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="149126" type="text/json">{"id":149126,"name":"Western Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Civilization?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60493275]'), work: {"id":60493275,"title":"Western Civilization II","created_at":"2021-10-30T21:48:24.500-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60493275/Western_Civilization_II?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_60493275","summary":"As the title of this survey course suggests, we will study the trajectory of modern Western history. A succinct description of that trajectory may aptly serve as the unofficial subtitle of the course: \"The slow death of feudal Christendom followed by the difficult birth of the liberal-democratic nation-state.\" This radical shift in the theological and political orientation of the West was partly the cause and partly the product of a radical shift in our understanding of what man is and what man's relation to God and society is. The individual, understood as capable of attaining salvation without the aid of ecclesiastical intermediaries standing between himself and God, was a theological discovery or invention of modernity. 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class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32776964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7ee1ddf7d944d4f4d1018b1d5bfc781" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52930489,"asset_id":32776964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52930489/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2841651" href="https://independent.academia.edu/koreuropaRivistadelcentrodidocumentazioneeuropeadelCDEdiEnnaKore">Koreuropa Rivista del Centro di Documentazione Europea di Enna Kore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2841651" type="text/json">{"id":2841651,"first_name":"Koreuropa","last_name":"Rivista del Centro di Documentazione Europea di Enna Kore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"koreuropaRivistadelcentrodidocumentazioneeuropeadelCDEdiEnnaKore","display_name":"Koreuropa Rivista del Centro di Documentazione Europea di Enna Kore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/koreuropaRivistadelcentrodidocumentazioneeuropeadelCDEdiEnnaKore?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2841651/2555623/2967749/s65_koreuropa.rivista_del_centro_di_documentazione_europea_di_enna_kore.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32776964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32776964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32776964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32776964", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32776964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32776964; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32776964"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32776964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32776964"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32776964; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32776964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32776964").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32776964").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32776964"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies">Eastern European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="382" type="text/json">{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32776964]'), work: {"id":32776964,"title":"Europeizzazione dei controlimiti e nuove tecniche di 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12371325" data-work_id="12371325" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12371325/Financial_Accountability_of_Civil_Society_Organizations_Improving_Cooperation_with_EU_Institutions">Financial Accountability of Civil Society Organizations - Improving Cooperation with EU Institutions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In recent decades, civil society organisations (CSOs) have grown both in number and in their impact on policy-making, at European and also non-Member state level. Public institutions, motivated by the need to increase their legitimacy,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12371325" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In recent decades, civil society organisations (CSOs) have grown both in number and in their impact on policy-making, at European and also non-Member state level. Public institutions, motivated by the need to increase their legitimacy, have increasingly delegated functions to CSOs. Concomitantly, CSOs have expanded their access to public funding. In part because of increased access to public funding, and in part because of a stronger relationship with public powers, CSOs are under pressure to demonstrate that they use the resources they are given in an efficient, accountable and transparent manner, e.g. by adopting policies on fiscal transparency, and by maintaining financial solvency. The EU's interest in regulating CSOs is relatively recent. At present, the legal framework addressing CSOs' financial accountability includes two 'categories' of norms: those that regulate the award of public contracts and the concession of grants, and those norms that address transparency and openness. The first category includes the rules on public contracts and the rules on (co-)financing of CSO projects; whereas the second category includes the Financial Transparency Initiative (FTJ) and the Joint Transparency Register<br />(JTR). The FTJ gathers all information on EU funding in a single database. The JTR gathers information produced by the various organisations (including CSOs) that are interested in lobbying the EU, and who register voluntarily. Defining the boundaries of CSO fiscal accountability and effectively tackling cases of fraud or financial mismanagement remains a difficult endeavor. On the one hand, the EU still lacks a single overarching understanding (and, consequently, legal definition) of CSOs. This translates into the absence of clear legal definitions, and more generally into<br />the opacity of the information available on CSOs through EU databases. Moreover, as CSOs are 'private entities', they are not submitted to the same integrity mechanisms and norms that apply to public institutions, including internal and external oversight. Finally, a significant administrative burden imposed on CSOs may, in the end, counter EU efforts to tackle financial mismanagement by CSOs. In many respects, the issue of CSO financial accountability has come to resemble a dialogue of the deaf: EU institution-proposed reforms have been postponed, or have not produced the outcomes expected, or have been fiercely opposed by CSOs. At the same time, the self-regulatory tools (including policies on selecting donors, self monitoring and codes of conduct and standards) developed by CSOs to enhance their<br />financial accountability have not obtained official recognition from EU institutions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12371325" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab5f4b523c1199f15ee68d54e0f4c61b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37625620,"asset_id":12371325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37625620/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="431669" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/GianlucaSgueo">Gianluca Sgueo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="431669" type="text/json">{"id":431669,"first_name":"Gianluca","last_name":"Sgueo","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"GianlucaSgueo","display_name":"Gianluca Sgueo","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/GianlucaSgueo?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/431669/101802/16211080/s65_gianluca.sgueo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12371325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12371325"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12371325, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12371325", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12371325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12371325; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12371325"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12371325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12371325"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12371325; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12371325]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12371325").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12371325").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12371325"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1306" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law">European Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1306" type="text/json">{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12371325]'), work: {"id":12371325,"title":"Financial Accountability of Civil Society Organizations - Improving Cooperation with EU Institutions","created_at":"2015-05-13T13:22:49.715-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12371325/Financial_Accountability_of_Civil_Society_Organizations_Improving_Cooperation_with_EU_Institutions?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_12371325","summary":"In recent decades, civil society organisations (CSOs) have grown both in number and in their impact on policy-making, at European and also non-Member state level. Public institutions, motivated by the need to increase their legitimacy, have increasingly delegated functions to CSOs. Concomitantly, CSOs have expanded their access to public funding. In part because of increased access to public funding, and in part because of a stronger relationship with public powers, CSOs are under pressure to demonstrate that they use the resources they are given in an efficient, accountable and transparent manner, e.g. by adopting policies on fiscal transparency, and by maintaining financial solvency. The EU's interest in regulating CSOs is relatively recent. At present, the legal framework addressing CSOs' financial accountability includes two 'categories' of norms: those that regulate the award of public contracts and the concession of grants, and those norms that address transparency and openness. The first category includes the rules on public contracts and the rules on (co-)financing of CSO projects; whereas the second category includes the Financial Transparency Initiative (FTJ) and the Joint Transparency Register\n(JTR). The FTJ gathers all information on EU funding in a single database. The JTR gathers information produced by the various organisations (including CSOs) that are interested in lobbying the EU, and who register voluntarily. Defining the boundaries of CSO fiscal accountability and effectively tackling cases of fraud or financial mismanagement remains a difficult endeavor. On the one hand, the EU still lacks a single overarching understanding (and, consequently, legal definition) of CSOs. This translates into the absence of clear legal definitions, and more generally into\nthe opacity of the information available on CSOs through EU databases. Moreover, as CSOs are 'private entities', they are not submitted to the same integrity mechanisms and norms that apply to public institutions, including internal and external oversight. Finally, a significant administrative burden imposed on CSOs may, in the end, counter EU efforts to tackle financial mismanagement by CSOs. In many respects, the issue of CSO financial accountability has come to resemble a dialogue of the deaf: EU institution-proposed reforms have been postponed, or have not produced the outcomes expected, or have been fiercely opposed by CSOs. At the same time, the self-regulatory tools (including policies on selecting donors, self monitoring and codes of conduct and standards) developed by CSOs to enhance their\nfinancial accountability have not obtained official recognition from EU institutions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37625620,"asset_id":12371325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":431669,"first_name":"Gianluca","last_name":"Sgueo","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"GianlucaSgueo","display_name":"Gianluca Sgueo","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/GianlucaSgueo?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/431669/101802/16211080/s65_gianluca.sgueo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=131"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=131"},{"id":6656,"name":"Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Governmental_Organizations_NGOs_?f_ri=131"},{"id":8697,"name":"European Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=131"},{"id":10311,"name":"European Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Politics?f_ri=131"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=131"},{"id":15167,"name":"European Union 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management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NGOs_funding_and_management?f_ri=131"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=131"},{"id":79646,"name":"Humanitarian advocacy and humanitarian communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanitarian_advocacy_and_humanitarian_communication?f_ri=131"},{"id":92828,"name":"Interest, Lobby, Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interest_Lobby_Groups?f_ri=131"},{"id":98733,"name":"Lobby","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lobby?f_ri=131"},{"id":127085,"name":"Not for Profit Advocacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Not_for_Profit_Advocacy?f_ri=131"},{"id":140689,"name":"Advocacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advocacy?f_ri=131"},{"id":202008,"name":"Advocacy and Lobbying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advocacy_and_Lobbying?f_ri=131"},{"id":204859,"name":"Lobbyist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lobbyist?f_ri=131"},{"id":214756,"name":"Policy Advocacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Advocacy?f_ri=131"},{"id":315216,"name":"Global Lobbying Regulations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Lobbying_Regulations?f_ri=131"},{"id":467483,"name":"Political Lobbying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Lobbying?f_ri=131"},{"id":484032,"name":"Lobbying in the EU","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lobbying_in_the_EU?f_ri=131"},{"id":511882,"name":"Pressure groups and lobbying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pressure_groups_and_lobbying?f_ri=131"},{"id":629682,"name":"Policy and Advocacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_and_Advocacy?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41338805" data-work_id="41338805" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41338805/Le_d%C3%A9clin_six_ans_apr%C3%A8s_in_D_Engels_Le_d%C3%A9clin_La_crise_de_lUnion_europ%C3%A9enne_et_la_chute_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_romaine_Analogies_historiques_Paris_2013_2019_%C3%A9dition_livre_de_poche_I_X">Le déclin - six ans après, in: D. Engels, Le déclin. La crise de l'Union européenne et la chute de la République romaine. Analogies historiques, Paris, 2013 (2019) (édition livre de poche), I-X.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41338805" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76c9df59597f5f40dc4e3dc5cfb2975c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61542215,"asset_id":41338805,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61542215/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="90030" href="https://poznan-pl.academia.edu/DavidEngels">David Engels</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="90030" type="text/json">{"id":90030,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Engels","domain_name":"poznan-pl","page_name":"DavidEngels","display_name":"David Engels","profile_url":"https://poznan-pl.academia.edu/DavidEngels?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/90030/2931140/3645274/s65_david.engels.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41338805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41338805"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41338805, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41338805", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41338805]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41338805").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41338805").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41338805"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2089" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity">Social Identity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2089" type="text/json">{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5272" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_">Identity (Culture)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5272" type="text/json">{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41338805]'), work: {"id":41338805,"title":"Le déclin - six ans après, in: D. 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On trouvera également une remarquable préface de Jean-Paul Charnay.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28072899" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb73f0897c9c41a81040154fb3f60c30" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65645666,"asset_id":28072899,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65645666/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1076888" href="https://georouen.academia.edu/EmanuelConstantinAntoche">Emanuel Constantin Antoche</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1076888" type="text/json">{"id":1076888,"first_name":"Emanuel Constantin","last_name":"Antoche","domain_name":"georouen","page_name":"EmanuelConstantinAntoche","display_name":"Emanuel Constantin Antoche","profile_url":"https://georouen.academia.edu/EmanuelConstantinAntoche?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1076888/372925/31298545/s65_emanuel_constantin.antoche.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28072899 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28072899"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28072899, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28072899", }); 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22053918" data-work_id="22053918" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22053918/The_forefathers_of_EU_federalism_the_Ventotene_Manifesto">The forefathers of EU federalism: the Ventotene Manifesto</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è compiere una riflessione ed un’analisi del documento storico del Manifesto di Ventotene. La sua rilevanza, dal punto di vista storico, non necessita certo di introduzioni: il Manifesto è universalmente... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22053918" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è compiere una riflessione ed un’analisi del documento storico del Manifesto di Ventotene. La sua rilevanza, dal punto di vista storico, non necessita certo di introduzioni: il Manifesto è universalmente riconosciuto come una delle eredità più vive e visionarie dell’antifascismo italiano e, parimenti, sfondo culturale da cui prende le mosse il federalismo europeo in terra italiana. Il punto principale del mio studio riguarda i contenuti del Manifesto, la sua proposta così chiara e diretta e al tempo stesso della portata così sovversiva ed innovativa. È proprio tra le pagine del Manifesto, infatti, che si sviluppa e prende forma il pensiero di un’Europa libera ed unita che si tramuterà, poi, in progetto politico. Le idee presentate, forti e dirompenti, sono espressione di persone giovani che, con freschezza e lungimiranza, delineano quale debba essere “la via da percorrere” . Una via che, seppur difficile, apre a mirabili orizzonti quali la risoluzione delle drammatiche tensioni tra stati, il raggiungimento dell’uguaglianza dei popoli e l’avvento di una pace che non sia solo una sosta tra le guerre.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22053918" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="09246b24aa0200ed43cdcbf284af0912" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42732926,"asset_id":22053918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42732926/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29849554" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/francescapara">Francesca Para</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29849554" type="text/json">{"id":29849554,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Para","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"francescapara","display_name":"Francesca Para","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/francescapara?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29849554/10425047/11632801/s65_francesca.para.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22053918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22053918"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22053918, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22053918", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22053918]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22053918").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22053918").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22053918"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics">European Union Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27137" type="text/json">{"id":27137,"name":"European Union Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22053918]'), work: {"id":22053918,"title":"The forefathers of EU federalism: the Ventotene Manifesto","created_at":"2016-02-16T08:13:51.950-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22053918/The_forefathers_of_EU_federalism_the_Ventotene_Manifesto?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_22053918","summary":"L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è compiere una riflessione ed un’analisi del documento storico del Manifesto di Ventotene. 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Una via che, seppur difficile, apre a mirabili orizzonti quali la risoluzione delle drammatiche tensioni tra stati, il raggiungimento dell’uguaglianza dei popoli e l’avvento di una pace che non sia solo una sosta tra le guerre.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42732926,"asset_id":22053918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29849554,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Para","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"francescapara","display_name":"Francesca Para","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/francescapara?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29849554/10425047/11632801/s65_francesca.para.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":27137,"name":"European Union Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":42639,"name":"Norberto Bobbio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norberto_Bobbio?f_ri=131"},{"id":303009,"name":"Antifascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifascism?f_ri=131"},{"id":381840,"name":"Antifascismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifascismo?f_ri=131"},{"id":629102,"name":"Ventotene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ventotene?f_ri=131"},{"id":830888,"name":"Altiero Spinelli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altiero_Spinelli?f_ri=131"},{"id":1481513,"name":"Eugenio Colorni","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eugenio_Colorni?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44826514" data-work_id="44826514" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44826514/Sword_and_Buckler_in_Hebrew_Letters_Traces_of_Early_Illuminated_German_Fight_Books_in_Jewish_Manuscripts">Sword and Buckler in Hebrew Letters: Traces of Early Illuminated German Fight Books in Jewish Manuscripts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Monday 11 January 2021, 19:00 Israel Time Sword and Buckler in Hebrew Letters: Traces of Early Illuminated German Fight Books in Jewish Manuscripts Prof. Sara Offenberg Department of the Arts, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44826514" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Monday 11 January 2021, 19:00 Israel Time<br /><br />Sword and Buckler in Hebrew Letters: Traces of Early Illuminated German Fight Books in Jewish Manuscripts<br />Prof. Sara Offenberg <br />Department of the Arts, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev<br /><br />Two manuscripts produced in early fourteenth-century German lands reflect similar iconography of fighting with Sword and Buckler (small round shield); one is the well-known fencing manual, Leeds, Royal Armouries, MS I. 33, produced ca. 1320, and the other is a Hebrew manuscript of the Bible, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France héb. 9, made in 1304, that will be the focus of this paper. I wish to demonstrate that the iconography of the masorah figurata was adapted from German Fechtbücher (fencing manuals), which are books of instructions, usually with illustrations, detailing the fencing arts. First, I relate to the realia of Jews bearing arms and Jewish fencing masters. Afterward I discuss the iconography of the fighting figures; subsequently, after examining the texts that make up the micrography, I reach a broader conclusion regarding the reason the patron commissioned this work and the meaning of the scene. This lecture intends to demonstrate how Hebrew illuminated manuscripts can shed more light on the study of fight books iconography.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44826514" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1a149f9323d1b6d2832d7eab21c6079" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65485438,"asset_id":44826514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65485438/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="355064" href="https://bgu.academia.edu/SaraOffenberg">Sara Offenberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="355064" type="text/json">{"id":355064,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Offenberg","domain_name":"bgu","page_name":"SaraOffenberg","display_name":"Sara Offenberg","profile_url":"https://bgu.academia.edu/SaraOffenberg?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355064/95067/21185596/s65_sara.offenberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44826514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44826514"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44826514, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44826514", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44826514]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44826514").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44826514").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44826514"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="983" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies">Jewish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="983" type="text/json">{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44826514]'), work: {"id":44826514,"title":"Sword and Buckler in Hebrew Letters: Traces of Early Illuminated German Fight Books in Jewish Manuscripts","created_at":"2021-01-03T10:47:49.050-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44826514/Sword_and_Buckler_in_Hebrew_Letters_Traces_of_Early_Illuminated_German_Fight_Books_in_Jewish_Manuscripts?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_44826514","summary":"Monday 11 January 2021, 19:00 Israel Time\n\nSword and Buckler in Hebrew Letters: Traces of Early Illuminated German Fight Books in Jewish Manuscripts\nProf. Sara Offenberg \nDepartment of the Arts, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev\n\nTwo manuscripts produced in early fourteenth-century German lands reflect similar iconography of fighting with Sword and Buckler (small round shield); one is the well-known fencing manual, Leeds, Royal Armouries, MS I. 33, produced ca. 1320, and the other is a Hebrew manuscript of the Bible, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France héb. 9, made in 1304, that will be the focus of this paper. I wish to demonstrate that the iconography of the masorah figurata was adapted from German Fechtbücher (fencing manuals), which are books of instructions, usually with illustrations, detailing the fencing arts. First, I relate to the realia of Jews bearing arms and Jewish fencing masters. Afterward I discuss the iconography of the fighting figures; subsequently, after examining the texts that make up the micrography, I reach a broader conclusion regarding the reason the patron commissioned this work and the meaning of the scene. This lecture intends to demonstrate how Hebrew illuminated manuscripts can shed more light on the study of fight books iconography.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65485438,"asset_id":44826514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":355064,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Offenberg","domain_name":"bgu","page_name":"SaraOffenberg","display_name":"Sara Offenberg","profile_url":"https://bgu.academia.edu/SaraOffenberg?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355064/95067/21185596/s65_sara.offenberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":4173,"name":"Hebrew Bible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hebrew_Bible?f_ri=131"},{"id":4669,"name":"Rare Books and Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rare_Books_and_Manuscripts?f_ri=131"},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":10947,"name":"Jewish - Christian Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_-_Christian_Relations?f_ri=131"},{"id":12936,"name":"Medieval Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Europe?f_ri=131"},{"id":16861,"name":"Jewish Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Thought?f_ri=131"},{"id":22386,"name":"Medieval Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Art?f_ri=131"},{"id":26894,"name":"Medieval illuminated manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_illuminated_manuscripts?f_ri=131"},{"id":31293,"name":"Jewish Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":36053,"name":"Medieval Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Germany?f_ri=131"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military?f_ri=131"},{"id":67861,"name":"Medieval Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Military_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":484875,"name":"Swords","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swords?f_ri=131"},{"id":486389,"name":"Illuminated manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illuminated_manuscripts?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9298007" data-work_id="9298007" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9298007/Russias_refugees_in_World_War_1">Russia's refugees in World War 1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This is a contribution to the online encyclopedia, 1914-1918. See<br /><a href="http://www.1914-1918-online.net/" rel="nofollow">http://www.1914-1918-online.net/</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9298007" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff474a7c1ce9ad286a66fe2f40141207" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35559401,"asset_id":9298007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35559401/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="466111" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/PeterGatrell">Peter Gatrell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="466111" type="text/json">{"id":466111,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gatrell","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"PeterGatrell","display_name":"Peter Gatrell","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/PeterGatrell?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/466111/1610629/5745280/s65_peter.gatrell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9298007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9298007"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9298007, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9298007", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9298007]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9298007").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9298007").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9298007"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I">World War I</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14482" type="text/json">{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15455" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History">Russian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15455" type="text/json">{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9298007]'), work: {"id":9298007,"title":"Russia's refugees in World War 1","created_at":"2014-11-13T18:29:08.028-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9298007/Russias_refugees_in_World_War_1?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_9298007","summary":"This is a contribution to the online encyclopedia, 1914-1918. See\nhttp://www.1914-1918-online.net/","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35559401,"asset_id":9298007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":466111,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gatrell","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"PeterGatrell","display_name":"Peter Gatrell","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/PeterGatrell?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/466111/1610629/5745280/s65_peter.gatrell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":39869,"name":"Refugees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34117842" data-work_id="34117842" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34117842/The_First_of_the_Modern_Ottomans_the_Intellectual_History_of_Ahmed_V%C3%A2s%C4%B1f">The First of the Modern Ottomans: the Intellectual History of Ahmed Vâsıf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The First of the Modern Ottomans blends biography with intellectual history. On the one hand, it is the story of an Ottoman life – the life of the scribe, ambassador, and prolific historian Ahmed Vâsıf (ca. 1735-1806), a man who... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34117842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The First of the Modern Ottomans blends biography with intellectual history. On the one hand, it is the story of an Ottoman life – the life of the scribe, ambassador, and prolific historian Ahmed Vâsıf (ca. 1735-1806), a man who improbably rose from obscurity in Baghdad to travel the empire, fight its wars, advise its sultans, and, in time, write its history. As a full-scale biography, the book is a rarity for the field of Ottoman history and reconstructs Vâsıf’s life, career, and opinions through meticulous research in both Ottoman and European sources. On the other hand, The First of the Modern Ottomans is also one of the first detailed intellectual studies of the early modern Ottoman Empire. Weaving together Vâsıf’s life and thought with the larger intellectual currents of the day – especially at the court of Sultan Selim III in Istanbul – it explores central debates among the Ottoman ruling elite over Europe, political reform, war and peace, justice, and the empire’s renewal. Vâsıf’s life reveals a vital response to the empire’s challenges at the turn of the nineteenth century – one that was novel and deeply enmeshed in Islamic philosophy, ethics, and statecraft.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34117842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="63eada3cb58468a72f5814c765aa6f82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54048023,"asset_id":34117842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54048023/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2144376" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/EthanMenchinger">Ethan Menchinger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2144376" type="text/json">{"id":2144376,"first_name":"Ethan","last_name":"Menchinger","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"EthanMenchinger","display_name":"Ethan Menchinger","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/EthanMenchinger?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2144376/2579128/19485732/s65_ethan.menchinger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34117842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34117842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34117842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34117842", }); 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On the one hand, it is the story of an Ottoman life – the life of the scribe, ambassador, and prolific historian Ahmed Vâsıf (ca. 1735-1806), a man who improbably rose from obscurity in Baghdad to travel the empire, fight its wars, advise its sultans, and, in time, write its history. As a full-scale biography, the book is a rarity for the field of Ottoman history and reconstructs Vâsıf’s life, career, and opinions through meticulous research in both Ottoman and European sources. On the other hand, The First of the Modern Ottomans is also one of the first detailed intellectual studies of the early modern Ottoman Empire. Weaving together Vâsıf’s life and thought with the larger intellectual currents of the day – especially at the court of Sultan Selim III in Istanbul – it explores central debates among the Ottoman ruling elite over Europe, political reform, war and peace, justice, and the empire’s renewal. Vâsıf’s life reveals a vital response to the empire’s challenges at the turn of the nineteenth century – one that was novel and deeply enmeshed in Islamic philosophy, ethics, and statecraft.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54048023,"asset_id":34117842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2144376,"first_name":"Ethan","last_name":"Menchinger","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"EthanMenchinger","display_name":"Ethan Menchinger","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/EthanMenchinger?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2144376/2579128/19485732/s65_ethan.menchinger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=131"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=131"},{"id":911,"name":"17th Century \u0026 Early Modern Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/17th_Century_and_Early_Modern_Philosophy?f_ri=131"},{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=131"},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=131"},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern 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Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocaust_History_and_Historiography?f_ri=131"},{"id":411990,"name":"Comparative Holocaust Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Holocaust_Research?f_ri=131"},{"id":439256,"name":"Holocaust and Film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocaust_and_Film?f_ri=131"},{"id":1003963,"name":"History of Holocaust Survivors In the Aftermath of World War II","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Holocaust_Survivors_In_the_Aftermath_of_World_War_II?f_ri=131"},{"id":1003964,"name":"Jewish Responses to the Holocaust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Responses_to_the_Holocaust?f_ri=131"},{"id":1003965,"name":"Post Holocaust Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Holocaust_Justice?f_ri=131"},{"id":1220030,"name":"Cinema Shoah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cinema_Shoah?f_ri=131"},{"id":1515839,"name":"Shoah in Urss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shoah_in_Urss?f_ri=131"},{"id":1515847,"name":"Pedagogy of Shoah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pedagogy_of_Shoah?f_ri=131"},{"id":1936261,"name":"German Jewry during Holocaust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Jewry_during_Holocaust?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68601823" data-work_id="68601823" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68601823/Europe_Contre_Europe_Entre_libert%C3%A9_solidarit%C3%A9_et_puissance">Europe Contre Europe. Entre liberté, solidarité et puissance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Politique agricole, relance économique, vaccin contre le Covid-19, législation environnementale, etc. : l’Union européenne joue un rôle essentiel et controversé dans la vie de ses habitants depuis des décennies. Sur toutes ces questions,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68601823" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Politique agricole, relance économique, vaccin contre le Covid-19, législation environnementale, etc. : l’Union européenne joue un rôle essentiel et controversé dans la vie de ses habitants depuis des décennies. Sur toutes ces questions, trois modèles s’affrontent : l’Europe du marché, l’Europe solidaire et l’Europe puissance.<br />À partir d’archives inédites, Laurent Warlouzet revisite l’histoire du continent au prisme de la lutte homérique entre ces trois visions depuis 1945 : l’Europe du marché, souvent dénoncée pour ses dérives ultralibérales, surtout depuis la tragédie grecque du début des années 2010 ; l’Europe solidaire, celle des législations sociales et de la promotion de l’égalité hommes-femmes, qui a conduit la majorité des syndicats britanniques à appeler à voter contre le Brexit ; l’Europe puissance, enfin, évanescente sur le plan militaire, mais s’exprimant dans les projets de politique industrielle communautaire ou dans la lutte contre les GAFAM, et voulant s’imposer face à ses concurrents, États-Unis, Russie ou Chine.<br />Cette nouvelle histoire de l’Europe, vivante, heurtée et mouvementée, nous montre que l’organisation de l’Union ne suit pas une logique mécanique et univoque. En exhumant des projets abandonnés mais sérieusement envisagés, elle propose aussi autant de futurs possibles dont les Européens pourraient se saisir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68601823" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a8aa9bb8c80900920499c2dd055ff9ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":96894688,"asset_id":68601823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96894688/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="120417" href="https://sorbonne-universite.academia.edu/LaurentWarlouzet">Laurent Warlouzet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="120417" type="text/json">{"id":120417,"first_name":"Laurent","last_name":"Warlouzet","domain_name":"sorbonne-universite","page_name":"LaurentWarlouzet","display_name":"Laurent Warlouzet","profile_url":"https://sorbonne-universite.academia.edu/LaurentWarlouzet?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120417/32334/59343215/s65_laurent.warlouzet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68601823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68601823"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68601823, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68601823", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68601823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68601823; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68601823"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68601823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68601823"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68601823; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68601823]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68601823").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68601823").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68601823"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="941" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy">Social Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="941" type="text/json">{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3722" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History">Environmental History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3722" type="text/json">{"id":3722,"name":"Environmental History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68601823]'), work: {"id":68601823,"title":"Europe Contre Europe. 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Sur toutes ces questions, trois modèles s’affrontent : l’Europe du marché, l’Europe solidaire et l’Europe puissance.\nÀ partir d’archives inédites, Laurent Warlouzet revisite l’histoire du continent au prisme de la lutte homérique entre ces trois visions depuis 1945 : l’Europe du marché, souvent dénoncée pour ses dérives ultralibérales, surtout depuis la tragédie grecque du début des années 2010 ; l’Europe solidaire, celle des législations sociales et de la promotion de l’égalité hommes-femmes, qui a conduit la majorité des syndicats britanniques à appeler à voter contre le Brexit ; l’Europe puissance, enfin, évanescente sur le plan militaire, mais s’exprimant dans les projets de politique industrielle communautaire ou dans la lutte contre les GAFAM, et voulant s’imposer face à ses concurrents, États-Unis, Russie ou Chine.\nCette nouvelle histoire de l’Europe, vivante, heurtée et mouvementée, nous montre que l’organisation de l’Union ne suit pas une logique mécanique et univoque. En exhumant des projets abandonnés mais sérieusement envisagés, elle propose aussi autant de futurs possibles dont les Européens pourraient se saisir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":96894688,"asset_id":68601823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":120417,"first_name":"Laurent","last_name":"Warlouzet","domain_name":"sorbonne-universite","page_name":"LaurentWarlouzet","display_name":"Laurent Warlouzet","profile_url":"https://sorbonne-universite.academia.edu/LaurentWarlouzet?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120417/32334/59343215/s65_laurent.warlouzet.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3722,"name":"Environmental History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=131"},{"id":9058,"name":"Competition Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition_Policy?f_ri=131"},{"id":9787,"name":"Environmental Policy and Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Policy_and_Governance?f_ri=131"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=131"},{"id":11807,"name":"European Economic Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Economic_Integration?f_ri=131"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=131"},{"id":14137,"name":"European Integration History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Integration_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":17015,"name":"European/EU Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_EU_Politics?f_ri=131"},{"id":22967,"name":"Trade and Industrial Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_and_Industrial_Policy?f_ri=131"},{"id":47112,"name":"Varieties of Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Varieties_of_Capitalism?f_ri=131"},{"id":65578,"name":"European Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Social_Policy?f_ri=131"},{"id":115651,"name":"Thatcherism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thatcherism?f_ri=131"},{"id":345646,"name":"History of European Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_European_Integration?f_ri=131"},{"id":565395,"name":"History of the European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_European_Union?f_ri=131"},{"id":956892,"name":"European Economic and Monetary Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Economic_and_Monetary_Union?f_ri=131"},{"id":2518411,"name":"Neomercantilism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neomercantilism?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75721312" data-work_id="75721312" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75721312/Terms_of_Exchange_Brazilian_Intellectuals_and_the_French_Social_Sciences">Terms of Exchange: Brazilian Intellectuals and the French Social Sciences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A collective intellectual biography that sheds new light on the Annales school, structuralism, and racial democracy. Would the most recognizable ideas in the French social sciences have developed without the influence of Brazilian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75721312" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A collective intellectual biography that sheds new light on the Annales school, structuralism, and racial democracy. <br /> <br />Would the most recognizable ideas in the French social sciences have developed without the influence of Brazilian intellectuals? While any study of Brazilian social sciences acknowledges the influence of French scholars, Ian Merkel argues the reverse is also true: the “French” social sciences were profoundly marked by Brazilian intellectual thought, particularly through the University of São Paulo. Through the idea of the “cluster,” Merkel traces the intertwined networks of Claude Lévi-Strauss, Fernand Braudel, Roger Bastide, and Pierre Monbeig as they overlapped at USP and engaged with Brazilian scholars such as Mário de Andrade, Gilberto Freyre, and Caio Prado Jr.. <br /> <br />Through this collective intellectual biography of Brazilian and French social sciences, Terms of Exchange reveals connections that shed new light on the Annales school, structuralism, and racial democracy, even as it prompts us to revisit established thinking on the process of knowledge formation through fieldwork and intellectual exchange. At a time when canons are being rewritten, this book reframes the history of modern social scientific thought.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75721312" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="963afa96eb982bdf197b03be10a4a932" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85395769,"asset_id":75721312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85395769/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8977544" href="https://rug.academia.edu/IanMerkel">Ian Merkel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8977544" type="text/json">{"id":8977544,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Merkel","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"IanMerkel","display_name":"Ian Merkel","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/IanMerkel?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8977544/6555906/147431970/s65_ian.merkel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75721312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75721312"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75721312, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75721312", }); 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While any study of Brazilian social sciences acknowledges the influence of French scholars, Ian Merkel argues the reverse is also true: the “French” social sciences were profoundly marked by Brazilian intellectual thought, particularly through the University of São Paulo. Through the idea of the “cluster,” Merkel traces the intertwined networks of Claude Lévi-Strauss, Fernand Braudel, Roger Bastide, and Pierre Monbeig as they overlapped at USP and engaged with Brazilian scholars such as Mário de Andrade, Gilberto Freyre, and Caio Prado Jr..\r\n \r\nThrough this collective intellectual biography of Brazilian and French social sciences, Terms of Exchange reveals connections that shed new light on the Annales school, structuralism, and racial democracy, even as it prompts us to revisit established thinking on the process of knowledge formation through fieldwork and intellectual exchange. At a time when canons are being rewritten, this book reframes the history of modern social scientific thought. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85395769,"asset_id":75721312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8977544,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Merkel","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"IanMerkel","display_name":"Ian Merkel","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/IanMerkel?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8977544/6555906/147431970/s65_ian.merkel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=131"},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=131"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=131"},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=131"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=131"},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=131"},{"id":3827,"name":"Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":4995,"name":"History of Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Social_Sciences?f_ri=131"},{"id":4996,"name":"History of Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Anthropology?f_ri=131"},{"id":6868,"name":"Luso-Afro-Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luso-Afro-Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=131"},{"id":37355,"name":"Annales school","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Annales_school?f_ri=131"},{"id":47736,"name":"Decolonial Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decolonial_Thought?f_ri=131"},{"id":1120207,"name":"Antropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropology?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26805716" data-work_id="26805716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26805716/Theory_of_the_Border_Oxford_University_Press_2016_">Theory of the Border (Oxford University Press, 2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26805716" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial drones that patrol the immense expanse of our domestic and international airspace, we are defined by borders. They can no longer simply be understood as the geographical divisions between nation-states. Today, their form and function has become too complex, too hybrid. What we need now is a theory of the border that can make sense of this hybridity across multiple domains of social life. <br /><br />Rather than viewing borders as the result or outcome of pre-established social entities like states, Thomas Nail reinterprets social history from the perspective of the continual and constitutive movement of the borders that organize and divide society in the first place. Societies and states are the products of bordering, Nail argues, not the other way around. Applying his original movement-oriented theoretical framework "kinopolitics" to several major historical border regimes (fences, walls, cells, and checkpoints), Theory of the Border pioneers a new methodology of "critical limology," that provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary border politics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26805716" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83be6ac7df32ff018d4f30d803d405b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47350024,"asset_id":26805716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47350024/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="982124" href="https://udenver.academia.edu/ThomasNail">Thomas Nail</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="982124" type="text/json">{"id":982124,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Nail","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"ThomasNail","display_name":"Thomas Nail","profile_url":"https://udenver.academia.edu/ThomasNail?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/982124/1055609/37232722/s65_thomas.nail.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26805716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26805716"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26805716, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26805716", }); 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Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial drones that patrol the immense expanse of our domestic and international airspace, we are defined by borders. They can no longer simply be understood as the geographical divisions between nation-states. Today, their form and function has become too complex, too hybrid. What we need now is a theory of the border that can make sense of this hybridity across multiple domains of social life. \n\nRather than viewing borders as the result or outcome of pre-established social entities like states, Thomas Nail reinterprets social history from the perspective of the continual and constitutive movement of the borders that organize and divide society in the first place. Societies and states are the products of bordering, Nail argues, not the other way around. Applying his original movement-oriented theoretical framework \"kinopolitics\" to several major historical border regimes (fences, walls, cells, and checkpoints), Theory of the Border pioneers a new methodology of \"critical limology,\" that provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary border politics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47350024,"asset_id":26805716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":982124,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Nail","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"ThomasNail","display_name":"Thomas Nail","profile_url":"https://udenver.academia.edu/ThomasNail?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/982124/1055609/37232722/s65_thomas.nail.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=131"},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=131"},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=131"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=131"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=131"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=131"},{"id":263,"name":"Cultural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Geography?f_ri=131"},{"id":266,"name":"Historical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Geography?f_ri=131"},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=131"},{"id":272,"name":"Social Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Geography?f_ri=131"},{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=131"},{"id":281,"name":"Physical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Geography?f_ri=131"},{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":383,"name":"European 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Историческая политика 1987 - 2018. Монография.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The monograph dedicated to the analysis of the politics of history in Ukraine, 'Eastern Europe', and 'Western Europe' in the 1980s - 2010s. Rich empirical material, detailed analysis of roles and performances of state (President,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43739663" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The monograph dedicated to the analysis of the politics of history in Ukraine, 'Eastern Europe', and 'Western Europe' in the 1980s - 2010s. 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43739663]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43739663").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43739663").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43739663"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies">Eastern European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="382" type="text/json">{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Memory">History and Memory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3987" type="text/json">{"id":3987,"name":"History and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Memory?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43739663]'), work: {"id":43739663,"title":"Украина и соседи. 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Rich empirical material, detailed analysis of roles and performances of state (President, government, local governing bodies, and non-governmental) actors (NGOs, political parties, media, historians), ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64050204,"asset_id":43739663,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1850001,"first_name":"Georgiy","last_name":"Kasianov","domain_name":"umcs-pl","page_name":"GeorgiyKasianov","display_name":"Georgiy Kasianov","profile_url":"https://umcs-pl.academia.edu/GeorgiyKasianov?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1850001/628654/55100305/s65_georgiy.kasianov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3987,"name":"History and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Memory?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":5821,"name":"Ukrainian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukrainian_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=131"},{"id":11452,"name":"Memory Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":46635,"name":"Central and East European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_East_European_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":58201,"name":"Ukrainian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukrainian_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":134143,"name":"Politics of Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Memory?f_ri=131"},{"id":353675,"name":"History of Poland in twentieth century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Poland_in_twentieth_century?f_ri=131"},{"id":963110,"name":"History of 19th and 20th Century East Central Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_19th_and_20th_Century_East_Central_Europe?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9917630" data-work_id="9917630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9917630/_2014_Alberto_Savinio_Sorte_dellEuropa_Nota_al_testo_della_nuova_edizione_">(2014) Alberto Savinio, Sorte dell'Europa (Nota al testo della nuova edizione) </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Questa Nota rielabora, con lo stimolo di nuovi, inediti documenti custoditi rispettivamente presso il Fondo Savinio (Archivio Contemporaneo A. Bonsanti del Gabinetto G.P. Vieusseux, Firenze; qui AS) e presso l’Archivio di Valentino... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9917630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Questa Nota rielabora, con lo stimolo di nuovi, inediti documenti custoditi rispettivamente presso il Fondo Savinio (Archivio Contemporaneo A. Bonsanti del Gabinetto G.P.<br />Vieusseux, Firenze; qui AS) e presso l’Archivio di Valentino<br />Bompiani (Fondazione « Corriere della Sera », Milano; qui<br />FB), alcune idee svolte nel saggio Nationalismus und Europäismus in Savinios Essays nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg, uscito negli Atti del Convegno di Osnabrück del 2002 (Savinio Europäisch, a cura di Andrea Grewe, in collaborazione con Sabine Kleymann, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, 2005, pp. 21-36) e nell’intervento tenuto al convegno 1943-1944 Roma occupata<br />– Roma alleata il 3-4 giugno 2014 in occasione dell’anniversario<br />della Liberazione di Roma.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9917630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b47b22ccae62008077aa389f0881c96" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36071799,"asset_id":9917630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36071799/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6227326" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/PaolaItalia">Paola Italia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6227326" type="text/json">{"id":6227326,"first_name":"Paola","last_name":"Italia","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"PaolaItalia","display_name":"Paola Italia","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/PaolaItalia?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6227326/4363586/39879665/s65_paola.italia.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9917630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9917630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9917630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9917630", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9917630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9917630; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9917630"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9917630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9917630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9917630; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9917630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9917630").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9917630").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9917630"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Studies">Italian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2221" type="text/json">{"id":2221,"name":"Italian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Literature">Italian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7887" type="text/json">{"id":7887,"name":"Italian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Literature?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_Italian_Literature">20th Century Italian Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22923" type="text/json">{"id":22923,"name":"20th Century Italian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_Italian_Literature?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9917630]'), work: {"id":9917630,"title":"(2014) Alberto Savinio, Sorte dell'Europa (Nota al testo della nuova edizione) ","created_at":"2014-12-27T09:54:49.548-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9917630/_2014_Alberto_Savinio_Sorte_dellEuropa_Nota_al_testo_della_nuova_edizione_?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_9917630","summary":"Questa Nota rielabora, con lo stimolo di nuovi, inediti documenti custoditi rispettivamente presso il Fondo Savinio (Archivio Contemporaneo A. Bonsanti del Gabinetto G.P.\nVieusseux, Firenze; qui AS) e presso l’Archivio di Valentino\nBompiani (Fondazione « Corriere della Sera », Milano; qui\nFB), alcune idee svolte nel saggio Nationalismus und Europäismus in Savinios Essays nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg, uscito negli Atti del Convegno di Osnabrück del 2002 (Savinio Europäisch, a cura di Andrea Grewe, in collaborazione con Sabine Kleymann, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, 2005, pp. 21-36) e nell’intervento tenuto al convegno 1943-1944 Roma occupata\n– Roma alleata il 3-4 giugno 2014 in occasione dell’anniversario\ndella Liberazione di Roma.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36071799,"asset_id":9917630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6227326,"first_name":"Paola","last_name":"Italia","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"PaolaItalia","display_name":"Paola Italia","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/PaolaItalia?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6227326/4363586/39879665/s65_paola.italia.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":2221,"name":"Italian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":7887,"name":"Italian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Literature?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":22923,"name":"20th Century Italian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_Italian_Literature?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":69388,"name":"Letteratura italiana moderna e contemporanea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Letteratura_italiana_moderna_e_contemporanea?f_ri=131"},{"id":100062,"name":"Europa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europa?f_ri=131"},{"id":328802,"name":"Alberto Savinio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alberto_Savinio?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2568960" data-work_id="2568960" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2568960/Monarchia_della_verit%C3%A0_Modelli_culturali_e_pedagogia_della_Controriforma_Naples_Vivarium_2002_">Monarchia della verità. Modelli culturali e pedagogia della Controriforma (Naples: Vivarium, 2002).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Monarchia della verità indaga una componente ideologica fondamentale della Controriforma: l’ossessione ecclesiastica per la 'veritas', concepita nella versione dogmatica di 'doctrina' e ortodossia in opposizione alla formulazione... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2568960" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Monarchia della verità indaga una componente ideologica fondamentale della Controriforma: l’ossessione ecclesiastica per la 'veritas', concepita nella versione dogmatica di 'doctrina' e ortodossia in opposizione alla formulazione umanistica della 'veritas' come ricerca. Da Poggio Bracciolini a Montaigne, gli umanisti esprimono un concetto di 'religio' coincidente con la ricerca stessa della verità, rinunciando a definizioni esclusive o dogmatiche e astenendosi da difese di carattere polemico o controversistico. I teologi adottano invece il concetto dogmatico di 'doctrina', identificando la 'veritas' nell’ortodossia e favorendo il formarsi di un clima di oscurantismo clericale e di generale intolleranza nei confronti dell’autonomia umanistica, dell’individualismo religioso e del libero pensiero, con Valla, Erasmo e Machiavelli in testa. <br />In questo libro l’autore prende in esame il primato normativo della verità nella Chiesa del Cinquecento e del primo Seicento con lo scopo di illustrare modelli culturali e pedagogici della Controriforma e rilevarne i miti: cronotassi pontificia, agiografia e culto delle reliquie, concetto eroico del documento, didattica figurativa, giurisdizione curiale, temporalismo papale. Tuttavia, la sopravvivenza della tradizione umanistica e il suo confrontarsi dialetticamente con le culture dogmatiche di Riforma e Controriforma si evidenziano in momenti significativi della storia culturale e religiosa della prima età moderna: in particolare, nel dibattito europeo 'de puniendis haereticis' originato dal tragico rogo di Michele Serveto, nel ricorso all’elemento storico in sede di polemica confessionale, nei processi di Bruno e Galilei e nelle discussioni sulla 'libertas investigandi', nel nicodemismo di artisti, scienziati e anticlericali cristiani, infine nella ripresa – specialmente in Olanda e nelle aree della diaspora sociniana – del pacifismo erasmiano e dell’utopismo di Thomas More, associati alla critica del Valla e all’irenismo di Sebastiano Castellione. Un esempio insigne è la proposta irenica di Jakob Arminius, calvinista di cultura umanistica, formulata a Leida nel 1605 con l’intento di superare i contrasti tra cristiani e realizzare la pacificazione sociale e religiosa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2568960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec9b093622a18835fb1c118f5f3081d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54638244,"asset_id":2568960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54638244/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3329638" href="https://unipartenop.academia.edu/StefanoZen">Stefano Zen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3329638" type="text/json">{"id":3329638,"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Zen","domain_name":"unipartenop","page_name":"StefanoZen","display_name":"Stefano Zen","profile_url":"https://unipartenop.academia.edu/StefanoZen?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3329638/1115555/22183611/s65_stefano.zen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2568960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2568960"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2568960, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2568960", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2568960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2568960").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2568960").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2568960"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3027" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Humanism">Renaissance Humanism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3027" type="text/json">{"id":3027,"name":"Renaissance Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Humanism?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2568960]'), work: {"id":2568960,"title":"Monarchia della verità. Modelli culturali e pedagogia della Controriforma (Naples: Vivarium, 2002).","created_at":"2013-02-13T09:19:40.587-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2568960/Monarchia_della_verit%C3%A0_Modelli_culturali_e_pedagogia_della_Controriforma_Naples_Vivarium_2002_?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_2568960","summary":"Monarchia della verità indaga una componente ideologica fondamentale della Controriforma: l’ossessione ecclesiastica per la 'veritas', concepita nella versione dogmatica di 'doctrina' e ortodossia in opposizione alla formulazione umanistica della 'veritas' come ricerca. Da Poggio Bracciolini a Montaigne, gli umanisti esprimono un concetto di 'religio' coincidente con la ricerca stessa della verità, rinunciando a definizioni esclusive o dogmatiche e astenendosi da difese di carattere polemico o controversistico. I teologi adottano invece il concetto dogmatico di 'doctrina', identificando la 'veritas' nell’ortodossia e favorendo il formarsi di un clima di oscurantismo clericale e di generale intolleranza nei confronti dell’autonomia umanistica, dell’individualismo religioso e del libero pensiero, con Valla, Erasmo e Machiavelli in testa.\r\nIn questo libro l’autore prende in esame il primato normativo della verità nella Chiesa del Cinquecento e del primo Seicento con lo scopo di illustrare modelli culturali e pedagogici della Controriforma e rilevarne i miti: cronotassi pontificia, agiografia e culto delle reliquie, concetto eroico del documento, didattica figurativa, giurisdizione curiale, temporalismo papale. Tuttavia, la sopravvivenza della tradizione umanistica e il suo confrontarsi dialetticamente con le culture dogmatiche di Riforma e Controriforma si evidenziano in momenti significativi della storia culturale e religiosa della prima età moderna: in particolare, nel dibattito europeo 'de puniendis haereticis' originato dal tragico rogo di Michele Serveto, nel ricorso all’elemento storico in sede di polemica confessionale, nei processi di Bruno e Galilei e nelle discussioni sulla 'libertas investigandi', nel nicodemismo di artisti, scienziati e anticlericali cristiani, infine nella ripresa – specialmente in Olanda e nelle aree della diaspora sociniana – del pacifismo erasmiano e dell’utopismo di Thomas More, associati alla critica del Valla e all’irenismo di Sebastiano Castellione. Un esempio insigne è la proposta irenica di Jakob Arminius, calvinista di cultura umanistica, formulata a Leida nel 1605 con l’intento di superare i contrasti tra cristiani e realizzare la pacificazione sociale e religiosa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54638244,"asset_id":2568960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3329638,"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Zen","domain_name":"unipartenop","page_name":"StefanoZen","display_name":"Stefano Zen","profile_url":"https://unipartenop.academia.edu/StefanoZen?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3329638/1115555/22183611/s65_stefano.zen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3027,"name":"Renaissance Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Humanism?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":5132,"name":"Reformation History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reformation_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":14893,"name":"Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":19109,"name":"Spiritualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spiritualism?f_ri=131"},{"id":25719,"name":"Religious History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":28247,"name":"Modern Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Jewish_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":29330,"name":"Heresy and Inquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heresy_and_Inquisition?f_ri=131"},{"id":42845,"name":"Religious Toleration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Toleration?f_ri=131"},{"id":52106,"name":"Socinianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socinianism?f_ri=131"},{"id":61308,"name":"Michelangelo Buonarroti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michelangelo_Buonarroti?f_ri=131"},{"id":63617,"name":"Book Censorship (history)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_Censorship_history_?f_ri=131"},{"id":73283,"name":"Heresy and Orthodoxy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heresy_and_Orthodoxy?f_ri=131"},{"id":78547,"name":"Machiavellianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machiavellianism?f_ri=131"},{"id":239383,"name":"Counter-Reformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter-Reformation?f_ri=131"},{"id":313167,"name":"Vittoria Colonna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vittoria_Colonna?f_ri=131"},{"id":412404,"name":"Arminianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arminianism?f_ri=131"},{"id":1002835,"name":"Renaissance In Italy Reformation/Counter Reformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_In_Italy_Reformation_Counter_Reformation?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5377949" data-work_id="5377949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5377949/European_Union_and_Turkey_Presentation">European Union and Turkey Presentation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5377949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad40ab14fc3cc3c8335ef62c003a41d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32521964,"asset_id":5377949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32521964/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3862096" href="https://ciu-tr.academia.edu/YavuzELB%C4%B0STAN">Yavuz ELBİSTAN</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3862096" type="text/json">{"id":3862096,"first_name":"Yavuz","last_name":"ELBİSTAN","domain_name":"ciu-tr","page_name":"YavuzELBİSTAN","display_name":"Yavuz ELBİSTAN","profile_url":"https://ciu-tr.academia.edu/YavuzELB%C4%B0STAN?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3862096/1420254/4249700/s65_yavuz.elb_stan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5377949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5377949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19024" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Enlargement">European Enlargement</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19024" type="text/json">{"id":19024,"name":"European Enlargement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Enlargement?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69848" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Presentation">Presentation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69848" type="text/json">{"id":69848,"name":"Presentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Presentation?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5377949]'), work: {"id":5377949,"title":"European Union and Turkey Presentation","created_at":"2013-12-10T06:10:55.917-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5377949/European_Union_and_Turkey_Presentation?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_5377949","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32521964,"asset_id":5377949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3862096,"first_name":"Yavuz","last_name":"ELBİSTAN","domain_name":"ciu-tr","page_name":"YavuzELBİSTAN","display_name":"Yavuz ELBİSTAN","profile_url":"https://ciu-tr.academia.edu/YavuzELB%C4%B0STAN?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3862096/1420254/4249700/s65_yavuz.elb_stan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":19024,"name":"European Enlargement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Enlargement?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":69848,"name":"Presentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Presentation?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":99690,"name":"European Union Environmental Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Environmental_Policy?f_ri=131"},{"id":173996,"name":"European union enlargement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_union_enlargement?f_ri=131"},{"id":242420,"name":"Presentation Slides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Presentation_Slides?f_ri=131"},{"id":454899,"name":"European Enlargement Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Enlargement_Policy?f_ri=131"},{"id":657528,"name":"Turkey and European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey_and_European_Union?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5649330" data-work_id="5649330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5649330/Peter_Burke_and_popular_culture_in_early_modern_europe">Peter Burke and popular culture in early modern europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5649330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a17e46b9da259c52f0edd7a1e5ddd42f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32711059,"asset_id":5649330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32711059/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21568916/Bel%C3%A7ika_Hollanda_ve_L%C3%BCksembug_Benel%C3%BCks_%C3%9Clkeleri_Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkileri">Belçika, Hollanda ve Lüksembug (Benelüks Ülkeleri) Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21568916" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1897026dfcbe464bc978b14d10ef63f7" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1306" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law">European Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1306" type="text/json">{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21568916]'), work: {"id":21568916,"title":"Belçika, Hollanda ve Lüksembug (Benelüks Ülkeleri) Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri","created_at":"2016-02-04T15:21:47.726-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21568916/Bel%C3%A7ika_Hollanda_ve_L%C3%BCksembug_Benel%C3%BCks_%C3%9Clkeleri_Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkileri?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_21568916","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42090656,"asset_id":21568916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10016080,"first_name":"Altuğ","last_name":"Günar","domain_name":"bandirma","page_name":"AltugGunar","display_name":"Altuğ Günar","profile_url":"https://bandirma.academia.edu/AltugGunar?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10016080/13422451/30025465/s65_altug.gunar.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":40862,"name":"Belgium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belgium?f_ri=131"},{"id":285303,"name":"Avrupa Birliği","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi?f_ri=131"},{"id":313671,"name":"Avrupa Birliği Türkiye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi_T%C3%BCrkiye?f_ri=131"},{"id":336585,"name":"Luxembourg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luxembourg?f_ri=131"},{"id":377639,"name":"Avrupa Birliği Hukuku","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi_Hukuku?f_ri=131"},{"id":442302,"name":"Holland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holland?f_ri=131"},{"id":1255957,"name":"Benelux","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benelux?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38536757" data-work_id="38536757" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38536757/KILI%C3%87_Orhan_An_Evaluation_of_the_Administrative_Division_of_Eastern_Europe_in_the_Ottoman_Period_on_Archive_Resources_">KILIÇ, Orhan; "An Evaluation of the Administrative Division of Eastern Europe in the Ottoman Period on Archive Resources"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38536757" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9176e004d13b363c33d37856bbd0e420" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58607086,"asset_id":38536757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58607086/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span 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data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies">Eastern European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="382" type="text/json">{"id":382,"name":"Eastern European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies">Balkan Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3337" type="text/json">{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38536757]'), work: {"id":38536757,"title":"KILIÇ, Orhan; \"An Evaluation of the Administrative Division of Eastern Europe in the Ottoman Period on Archive 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History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3409,"name":"Balkan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":5556,"name":"Administrative History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administrative_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":6327,"name":"Eastern European history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_European_history?f_ri=131"},{"id":8122,"name":"Ottoman Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=131"},{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans?f_ri=131"},{"id":29312,"name":"Ottoman Archives and Writing History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Archives_and_Writing_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=131"},{"id":236394,"name":"Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanli_Sosyo-Ekonomik_Tarihi?f_ri=131"},{"id":298348,"name":"Osmanlı Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanl%C4%B1_Tarihi?f_ri=131"},{"id":393740,"name":"History of Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Administration?f_ri=131"},{"id":1007961,"name":"Idare Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Idare_Tarihi?f_ri=131"},{"id":1231006,"name":"Yeniçağ Avrupa Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yenicag_Avrupa_Tarihi?f_ri=131"},{"id":1489952,"name":"Balkan Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Tarihi?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1107169" data-work_id="1107169" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1107169/Ciro_Giannelli_Lexicon_of_the_Macedonian_Language_16th_century">Ciro Giannelli, "Lexicon of the Macedonian Language" , 16th century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Words and Phrases, Unchanged for Centuries. Containing a rich glossary and in excess of 300 words and phrases, the texts demonstrate the strength of the Macedonian language through preservation. Following is a comparison of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1107169" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Words and Phrases, Unchanged for Centuries. <br /> <br />Containing a rich glossary and in excess of 300 words and phrases, the texts demonstrate the strength of the Macedonian language through preservation. <br /> <br />Following is a comparison of sentences between the texts and the Macedonian <br />dialect of Bitola as spoken today. <br /> <br />16th cent., Kostur dialect <br />21st cent., Bitola dialect <br /> <br />Gospodine, brate, da si zdrav, da si prost, ostavi ni da spime, ela da jame, i da pieme, dol da pojdime, da rabotime. <br />Gospodine, brate, da si zdrav, da si prost, ostai ne da spiame, ela da jaime, i da piame, dolu da pojdime, da rabotime. <br /> <br />Imate hljap-o da kupime, imate vino da kupime, ot koja strana da pojdime vo <br />Bogasko. <br />Imate lep da kupime, imate vino da kupime, od koja strana da pojdime vo <br />Bogatsko. <br /> <br />As can be clearly noticed, most of the vocabulary and grammar is identical. <br />All of the elements that would later be required to rejuvinate the Macedonian people as they were shaking off centuries of subjugation, were present during this period. The language of the people had solidified, a tradition of heraldry and symbolism had developed which incorporated the emblem of a rapant lion and historical figures from Macedonia's past, and the churches continued preserve the local customs and serve as cultural centres for the population. The significance of all these elements together cannot be overstated, the language of medieval Macedonia is the same as the language of the Macedonians today. Unfortunately, only a small portion of the larger amount of Macedonian literature from the Middle Ages has survived, much of it being looted and destroyed by Greek-speaking officials, clerics and teachers. Nevertheless, Macedonian as a language reached its current form centuries before the creation of the Balkan states in the 19th and 20th centuries. "</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1107169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5566e5cf73d56f89d0c181699a7878ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39678008,"asset_id":1107169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39678008/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="969566" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BasilChulev">Basil Chulev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="969566" type="text/json">{"id":969566,"first_name":"Basil","last_name":"Chulev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BasilChulev","display_name":"Basil Chulev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BasilChulev?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/969566/1471058/1796146/s65_basil.chulev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1107169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1107169"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1107169, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1107169", }); 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The language of the people had solidified, a tradition of heraldry and symbolism had developed which incorporated the emblem of a rapant lion and historical figures from Macedonia's past, and the churches continued preserve the local customs and serve as cultural centres for the population. The significance of all these elements together cannot be overstated, the language of medieval Macedonia is the same as the language of the Macedonians today. Unfortunately, only a small portion of the larger amount of Macedonian literature from the Middle Ages has survived, much of it being looted and destroyed by Greek-speaking officials, clerics and teachers. 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u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines the role of political factors in attitudes toward World War II in contemporary Ukraine. The question under examination is which factors determine public views of the principal warring sides and their leaders in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3378079" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines the role of political factors in attitudes toward World War II in contemporary Ukraine. The question under examination is which factors determine public views of the principal warring sides and their leaders in Ukraine. This paper uses a representative national survey specifically designed for this research project and conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in 2012. It analyzes the roles of regionalism, political party preferences, ethnicity, language, age, and sex in attitudes toward the Red Army, Soviet partisans, the German Army (Wehrmacht), and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) during the war, as well as toward the wartime leaders of the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and the UPA. The analysis of the survey data shows that regional values, political party preferences, ethnicity, language, and age have significant effects on views of the Soviet Army and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during the war and attitudes toward the wartime activities of Joseph Stalin and Roman Shukhevych. Public perceptions of the German Army and Adolf Hitler in Ukraine do not vary much across regions, political parties, and ethnic, language, age, and sex groups.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3378079" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02cfe07d5fc9329f7a1f99eb165b1ff4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38565772,"asset_id":3378079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38565772/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186256" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski">Ivan Katchanovski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186256" type="text/json">{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3378079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3378079"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3378079, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3378079", }); 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2016]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">WE ATTACH -FOR THE SCHOLARS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC- THIS FULL EDITION (85,000 WORDS, 212 PAGES), WITH THE SCOPE AND PURPOSE THAT THE PUBLIC CAN HAVE A VIEW TO THE COLOSAL CONTINETAL REACH, SIZE & LOGISTICS OF THE JEWISH HOLOCAUST... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1236623" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">WE ATTACH  -FOR THE SCHOLARS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC- THIS FULL EDITION (85,000 WORDS, 212 PAGES), WITH THE  SCOPE AND PURPOSE THAT THE PUBLIC CAN HAVE A VIEW TO THE COLOSAL  CONTINETAL REACH, SIZE & LOGISTICS OF THE JEWISH HOLOCAUST [1933-1945], PERPETRATED BY THE NAZI GERMANY AND SO MANY EUROPEAN COLLABORATORS: INDIVIDUALS, COMPANIES, INSTITUTIONS AND GOVERMENTS ALIKE.<br /><br />THIS CONTENT IS SUPLYIED AS A COURTESY TO STUDENTS AND RESERCHERS. IF ADDITIONAL MATERIAL IS NEEDED, PLEASE CONTACT THE AUTHOR <a href="mailto:HEDI@ENGHELBERG.COM" rel="nofollow">HEDI@ENGHELBERG.COM</a>. WE OFFER FREEE CONFERENCES ON THE JEWSIH HOLOCUAST.<br /><br />THE TRAINS OF THE HOLOCAUST: An In-Depth Look at How Railway Transports Companies in Europe cooperated and assisted in the Second and Final Phase of the Holocaust, the "Final Solution".<br /><br />    THIS GENERAL STUDY, deal with the concrete fact about how a modern railway system -the largest capitalist enterprise at the time, the Deutsche Reichsbahn [DRB]- with its associated railways companies (in collusion) in each European country, contributed to the colossal scale of evacuation and displacement, for the purpose of interment and slavery, especially after the Wannsee Conference in January 1942. <br /><br />    The Nazi criminal regime (1933-1945), it’s military, civilian organizations, middle-level bureaucracy and associated dictatorial regimes all over Europe, succeeded in murdering millions of people and destroying a flourishing 900-years-old Jewish Culture in Europe.  In the process, they murdered of millions of humans across the continent: 6 millions Jews and 20 million other innocent civilians.<br />      <br />An efficient railways system across the continent with more than 100,000 km of rail, (only 42,000 km of which were in Germany proper) operated by the largest private railroad at the time, the Deutsche Reichsbahn, with more than 250,000 workers and a formidable 12,500 operational locomotives (kriegslokomotiven), totally sustained and assisted Germany’s formidable war machine and as aided the Nazi organizations in charge of the “Final Solution”. <br />      <br />The European railway companies totally and willingly assisted the Nazis in the transportation segment by carrying out this infamous crime: The Holocaust. Without the collaboration of European railways, the Holocaust could not have happened on the scale on which it did.<br />"""</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1236623" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b8b32870f828f64b2f2b2442169a17e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49839874,"asset_id":1236623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49839874/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1973776" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HEDIENGHELBERG">HEDI ENGHELBERG</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1973776" type="text/json">{"id":1973776,"first_name":"HEDI","last_name":"ENGHELBERG","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HEDIENGHELBERG","display_name":"HEDI ENGHELBERG","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HEDIENGHELBERG?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1973776/756489/940455/s65_hedi.enghelberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1236623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1236623"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1236623, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1236623", }); 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IF ADDITIONAL MATERIAL IS NEEDED, PLEASE CONTACT THE AUTHOR HEDI@ENGHELBERG.COM. WE OFFER FREEE CONFERENCES ON THE JEWSIH HOLOCUAST.\n\nTHE TRAINS OF THE HOLOCAUST: An In-Depth Look at How Railway Transports Companies in Europe cooperated and assisted in the Second and Final Phase of the Holocaust, the \"Final Solution\".\n\n THIS GENERAL STUDY, deal with the concrete fact about how a modern railway system -the largest capitalist enterprise at the time, the Deutsche Reichsbahn [DRB]- with its associated railways companies (in collusion) in each European country, contributed to the colossal scale of evacuation and displacement, for the purpose of interment and slavery, especially after the Wannsee Conference in January 1942. \n\n The Nazi criminal regime (1933-1945), it’s military, civilian organizations, middle-level bureaucracy and associated dictatorial regimes all over Europe, succeeded in murdering millions of people and destroying a flourishing 900-years-old Jewish Culture in Europe. 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type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" 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relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transatlantic_relations?f_ri=131"},{"id":36487,"name":"U.S. Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._Foreign_Policy?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10138708" data-work_id="10138708" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10138708/Vladimir_LOSSKY_Sept_jours_sur_les_routes_de_France_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8">Vladimir LOSSKY, Sept jours sur les routes de France/Владимир ЛОССКИЙ, Семь дней по дорогам Франции</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Juin 1940. Demain je serai enfin soldat. J’aurai ma place modeste, mais définie, précise, nette, dans l’ensemble de ceux qui doivent résister. J’aurai mon matricule sans nom, « soldat inconnu » parmi tant d’autres. Je ne serai plus en... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10138708" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Juin 1940. Demain je serai enfin soldat. J’aurai ma place modeste, mais définie, précise, nette, dans l’ensemble de ceux qui doivent résister. J’aurai mon matricule sans nom, « soldat inconnu » parmi tant d’autres. Je ne serai plus en marge de l’œuvre commune, je ne serai plus un intellectual à l’écart de la grande route nationale – instrument fragile et sensible, qui revient sans cesse sur lui-même pour méditer, être dans lequel la vie s’arrête pour donner lieu à la pensée. / Июнь 1940. Завтра наконец-то мне суждено стать солдатом. У меня появится свое непритязательное, зато определенное место, строго установленный уклад жизни, я встану в один строй вместе с теми, кто уже присягнул, чтобы сопротивляться врагу. Мне дадут безымянный порядковый номер – «неизвестный солдат», среди множества других. Я не буду больше выброшен за пределы общего дела, мне уже не быть больше интеллектуалом вне событий грандиозной всенародной борьбы, находящимся на обочине великого национального пути – хрупким и чувствительным орудием познания, вечно рефлексирующим, постоянно осознающим себя существом, останавливающим ход жизни, с целью уступить место мысли.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10138708" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ee62e9a190ba8961a945d6802e217a6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36250406,"asset_id":10138708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36250406/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3187093" href="https://unecon.academia.edu/Alexe%C3%AFPotch%C3%A9kounine">Alexei Pochekunin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3187093" type="text/json">{"id":3187093,"first_name":"Alexei","last_name":"Pochekunin","domain_name":"unecon","page_name":"AlexeïPotchékounine","display_name":"Alexei Pochekunin","profile_url":"https://unecon.academia.edu/Alexe%C3%AFPotch%C3%A9kounine?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3187093/6657936/7581940/s65_alexe_.potch_kounine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10138708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10138708"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10138708, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10138708", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10138708]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10138708").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10138708").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10138708"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1181" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History">French History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1181" type="text/json">{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10138708]'), work: {"id":10138708,"title":"Vladimir LOSSKY, Sept jours sur les routes de France/Владимир ЛОССКИЙ, Семь дней по дорогам Франции","created_at":"2015-01-13T02:27:52.077-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10138708/Vladimir_LOSSKY_Sept_jours_sur_les_routes_de_France_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_10138708","summary":"Juin 1940. Demain je serai enfin soldat. J’aurai ma place modeste, mais définie, précise, nette, dans l’ensemble de ceux qui doivent résister. J’aurai mon matricule sans nom, « soldat inconnu » parmi tant d’autres. Je ne serai plus en marge de l’œuvre commune, je ne serai plus un intellectual à l’écart de la grande route nationale – instrument fragile et sensible, qui revient sans cesse sur lui-même pour méditer, être dans lequel la vie s’arrête pour donner lieu à la pensée. / Июнь 1940. Завтра наконец-то мне суждено стать солдатом. У меня появится свое непритязательное, зато определенное место, строго установленный уклад жизни, я встану в один строй вместе с теми, кто уже присягнул, чтобы сопротивляться врагу. Мне дадут безымянный порядковый номер – «неизвестный солдат», среди множества других. Я не буду больше выброшен за пределы общего дела, мне уже не быть больше интеллектуалом вне событий грандиозной всенародной борьбы, находящимся на обочине великого национального пути – хрупким и чувствительным орудием познания, вечно рефлексирующим, постоянно осознающим себя существом, останавливающим ход жизни, с целью уступить место мысли.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36250406,"asset_id":10138708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3187093,"first_name":"Alexei","last_name":"Pochekunin","domain_name":"unecon","page_name":"AlexeïPotchékounine","display_name":"Alexei Pochekunin","profile_url":"https://unecon.academia.edu/Alexe%C3%AFPotch%C3%A9kounine?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3187093/6657936/7581940/s65_alexe_.potch_kounine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=131"},{"id":15840,"name":"Russian Orthodoxy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Orthodoxy?f_ri=131"},{"id":36686,"name":"Orthodox Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthodox_Christianity?f_ri=131"},{"id":129894,"name":"Philosophy of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_War?f_ri=131"},{"id":233614,"name":"Vladimir Lossky","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vladimir_Lossky?f_ri=131"},{"id":233616,"name":"Eastern Orthodoxy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Orthodoxy?f_ri=131"},{"id":307999,"name":"Eastern Orthodox Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity?f_ri=131"},{"id":319405,"name":"Eastern Orthodox Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Orthodox_Theology?f_ri=131"},{"id":638369,"name":"History of France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_France?f_ri=131"},{"id":967261,"name":"Lossky","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lossky?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35231374 coauthored" data-work_id="35231374" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35231374/Introduction_to_the_European_Studies_A_New_Approach_to_Uniting_Europe">Introduction to the European Studies: A New Approach to Uniting Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Today, European Studies as broadly understood have become an important discipline within the humanities and social sciences. The reason for this is, first of all, the contemporary significance of the issues covered by European Studies,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35231374" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Today, European Studies as broadly understood have become an important discipline within the humanities and social sciences. The reason for this is, first of all, the contemporary significance of the issues covered by European Studies, that is the processes of European integration and the functioning of Europe both politically and as a specific cultural area. These issues generate a great deal of interest owing to Europe’s fluid position in the contemporary world. While not without objective limitations, it remains one of the key actors in the international arena and its influence still extends to all corners of the world. At the same time, European Studies are one of the most interesting disciplines at they are in a state of constant development, still searching for its own field and research matter as well as its own methodology and research instruments. As demonstrated in this book, these complex issues often give rise to doubt and con troversy. Hence the attempts to analyse them are both fascinating and important, and have attracted the interest of a growing number of academics all over the world, and within the last 25 years increasingly often of Polish scholars as well. These Polish scholars include the research staff of the Centre for Europe of the University of Warsaw, one of the oldest academic units of this profile in Poland. Not long ago, we celebrated the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Centre. Although 20 years might not seem impressive compared to similar centres operating in the Western part of Europe, we have to take into account the speci ficity of the Polish context,  which is dealt with in the first group of texts in this book. This is a time for a reflection, summing up the achievements made in various disciplines and emphasising that in the two decades of our operation we have come a very long way. The Centre for Europe started as a unit of the University of Warsaw established to promote knowledge and information about European integration. This task was realised in the form of trainings, conferences, seminars, exhibitions, etc. Over time, our scope of activity was considerably broadened and, what’s more important, gradually became ever more academic. Presently, the Centre has attained the status of an autonomous, full-fledged organisational unit functioning as a faculty of the University of Warsaw. Our intensive activity includes didactics in the form of both undergraduate and graduate programmes in European Studies (europeistyka), as well as academic research. The results of our research are presented at various scientific conferences in Poland and abroad, as well as in numerous publications. We still play an important role as a centre spreading information and knowledge, e.g. through our highly esteemed library, which also plays the role of European Documentation Centre. We also have our own Publishing Programme, under which we issue two academic periodicals: the Polish quarterly “Studia Europejskie” and the English-language “Yearbook of  Polish European Studies”. Furthermore, we publish various books in Polish and in foreign languages in the form of academic textbooks, studies and monographs, including the present work. While not wishing to engage in self-praise, we nonetheless should point out that our activity has been appreciated by external entities, which is shown, for instance, by the fact that the Centre for Europe has been placed in the highest cat egory in the official ranking of academic units compiled by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. We also try to perceive our activity in the broader perspective, not only as the functioning of a single institution. The two decades of the Centre’s existence is an important symbol of the transformations taking place in Poland and in Polish science. The launching of studies on European issues was only pos sible because of the general democratic transformations taking place in Poland, and its opening up to the world, especially to Europe. Our activity constitutes proof that Polish academic science has made the adjustments necessary to meet the requirements of modernity and that it continues to focus on the important challenges accompanying the rapid changes taking place in the world. We would like our anniversary to constitute a symbol of the increasingly close ties between Poland and the European Union, of which Poles remain enthusiastic proponents, even despite the current problems facing the EU. At the same time, we desire ever fuller and closer cooperation with our EU partners, as we consider this an important element in furthering the development of Polish science. We hope that the Centre for Europe will continue to contribute to this development, which is one of the aims underlying this publication. This book is the result of an international research project conducted by the Centre for Europe, University of Warsaw, in cooperation with Ukrainian universities, in particular with the Institute of European Integration and Faculty of International Relations at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. The project was co-financed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland under the cyclical programme ‘Cooperation in the Field of Public Diplomacy 2012’. One of the key goals of this undertaking was to prepare a book containing a methodological and factual introduction to European Studies. Our publication is not aimed at presenting the achievements of Polish scholars in this discipline, but at facilitating university education and academic research in this field. Hence we are not trying to devise a full compendium of knowledge about the vari ous aspects of the phenomena and processes of Euro pean integration, or to put it broadly – Europe treated as a specific civilisational area. As the title suggests, in this work we try to outline the most important notions which, in our opinion, European Studies should be dealing with. We know that the issues in question are interdisciplinary, hence the authors approach them from various perspectives: political science, law, economics, social studies, cultural studies. The publication consists of seven parts, comprising a total of 33 chapters. They correspond to individual groups of notions and concern the following problems: the methodology of conducting research under broadly-defined European Studies; the genesis and course of the integration processes in Europe; the functioning of EU law and the EU institutional system; the principles and mechanisms of European economic cooperation; the analysis of the selected key policies implemented by the EU; issues related to EU foreign policy and its significance in the contemporary world; and social issues and the role of culture in Europe. Apart from focusing on the contemporary context of these problems, we also take into account their historical background and future prospects. The authors of this publication are mainly members of the research staff of the Centre for Europe, University of Warsaw, who have devised the concept of the work and wrote the majority of its chapters. In this endeavour, they enjoyed ample and invaluable support from researchers from other Polish and foreign universities, especially from the Insti tute of International Relations and the Faculty of Management at the University of Warsaw, as well as the Warsaw School of Economics, the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, the Kozminski University in Warsaw, the National University of Lviv, and the University of Latvia in Riga. Here with we would like to express our thanks to all those who contributed to the content of this book, as well as to those who helped us in terms of organisation and funding – in particular the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the University of Warsaw.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35231374" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="959ab306c8d4863edab3ddae43d008c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55090253,"asset_id":35231374,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55090253/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67052268" href="https://uw.academia.edu/ArturAdamczyk">Artur Adamczyk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67052268" type="text/json">{"id":67052268,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Adamczyk","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturAdamczyk","display_name":"Artur Adamczyk","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturAdamczyk?f_ri=131","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35231374">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35231374"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DorotaJurkiewiczEckert">Dorota Jurkiewicz-Eckert</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BogdanG%C3%B3ralczyk">Bogdan Góralczyk</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35231374'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35231374').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35231374 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35231374"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35231374, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35231374", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35231374 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35231374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35231374"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35231374 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35231374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35231374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35231374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35231374").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35231374").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35231374"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35231374]'), work: {"id":35231374,"title":"Introduction to the European Studies: A New Approach to Uniting Europe","created_at":"2017-11-23T03:11:47.918-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35231374/Introduction_to_the_European_Studies_A_New_Approach_to_Uniting_Europe?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_35231374","summary":"Today, European Studies as broadly understood have become an important discipline within the humanities and social sciences. The reason for this is, first of all, the contemporary significance of the issues covered by European Studies, that is the processes of European integration and the functioning of Europe both politically and as a specific cultural area. These issues generate a great deal of interest owing to Europe’s fluid position in the contemporary world. While not without objective limitations, it remains one of the key actors in the international arena and its influence still extends to all corners of the world. At the same time, European Studies are one of the most interesting disciplines at they are in a state of constant development, still searching for its own field and research matter as well as its own methodology and research instruments. As demonstrated in this book, these complex issues often give rise to doubt and con troversy. Hence the attempts to analyse them are both fascinating and important, and have attracted the interest of a growing number of academics all over the world, and within the last 25 years increasingly often of Polish scholars as well. These Polish scholars include the research staff of the Centre for Europe of the University of Warsaw, one of the oldest academic units of this profile in Poland. Not long ago, we celebrated the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Centre. Although 20 years might not seem impressive compared to similar centres operating in the Western part of Europe, we have to take into account the speci ficity of the Polish context, which is dealt with in the first group of texts in this book. This is a time for a reflection, summing up the achievements made in various disciplines and emphasising that in the two decades of our operation we have come a very long way. The Centre for Europe started as a unit of the University of Warsaw established to promote knowledge and information about European integration. This task was realised in the form of trainings, conferences, seminars, exhibitions, etc. Over time, our scope of activity was considerably broadened and, what’s more important, gradually became ever more academic. Presently, the Centre has attained the status of an autonomous, full-fledged organisational unit functioning as a faculty of the University of Warsaw. Our intensive activity includes didactics in the form of both undergraduate and graduate programmes in European Studies (europeistyka), as well as academic research. The results of our research are presented at various scientific conferences in Poland and abroad, as well as in numerous publications. We still play an important role as a centre spreading information and knowledge, e.g. through our highly esteemed library, which also plays the role of European Documentation Centre. We also have our own Publishing Programme, under which we issue two academic periodicals: the Polish quarterly “Studia Europejskie” and the English-language “Yearbook of Polish European Studies”. Furthermore, we publish various books in Polish and in foreign languages in the form of academic textbooks, studies and monographs, including the present work. While not wishing to engage in self-praise, we nonetheless should point out that our activity has been appreciated by external entities, which is shown, for instance, by the fact that the Centre for Europe has been placed in the highest cat egory in the official ranking of academic units compiled by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. We also try to perceive our activity in the broader perspective, not only as the functioning of a single institution. The two decades of the Centre’s existence is an important symbol of the transformations taking place in Poland and in Polish science. The launching of studies on European issues was only pos sible because of the general democratic transformations taking place in Poland, and its opening up to the world, especially to Europe. Our activity constitutes proof that Polish academic science has made the adjustments necessary to meet the requirements of modernity and that it continues to focus on the important challenges accompanying the rapid changes taking place in the world. We would like our anniversary to constitute a symbol of the increasingly close ties between Poland and the European Union, of which Poles remain enthusiastic proponents, even despite the current problems facing the EU. At the same time, we desire ever fuller and closer cooperation with our EU partners, as we consider this an important element in furthering the development of Polish science. We hope that the Centre for Europe will continue to contribute to this development, which is one of the aims underlying this publication. This book is the result of an international research project conducted by the Centre for Europe, University of Warsaw, in cooperation with Ukrainian universities, in particular with the Institute of European Integration and Faculty of International Relations at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. The project was co-financed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland under the cyclical programme ‘Cooperation in the Field of Public Diplomacy 2012’. One of the key goals of this undertaking was to prepare a book containing a methodological and factual introduction to European Studies. Our publication is not aimed at presenting the achievements of Polish scholars in this discipline, but at facilitating university education and academic research in this field. Hence we are not trying to devise a full compendium of knowledge about the vari ous aspects of the phenomena and processes of Euro pean integration, or to put it broadly – Europe treated as a specific civilisational area. As the title suggests, in this work we try to outline the most important notions which, in our opinion, European Studies should be dealing with. We know that the issues in question are interdisciplinary, hence the authors approach them from various perspectives: political science, law, economics, social studies, cultural studies. The publication consists of seven parts, comprising a total of 33 chapters. They correspond to individual groups of notions and concern the following problems: the methodology of conducting research under broadly-defined European Studies; the genesis and course of the integration processes in Europe; the functioning of EU law and the EU institutional system; the principles and mechanisms of European economic cooperation; the analysis of the selected key policies implemented by the EU; issues related to EU foreign policy and its significance in the contemporary world; and social issues and the role of culture in Europe. Apart from focusing on the contemporary context of these problems, we also take into account their historical background and future prospects. The authors of this publication are mainly members of the research staff of the Centre for Europe, University of Warsaw, who have devised the concept of the work and wrote the majority of its chapters. In this endeavour, they enjoyed ample and invaluable support from researchers from other Polish and foreign universities, especially from the Insti tute of International Relations and the Faculty of Management at the University of Warsaw, as well as the Warsaw School of Economics, the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, the Kozminski University in Warsaw, the National University of Lviv, and the University of Latvia in Riga. Here with we would like to express our thanks to all those who contributed to the content of this book, as well as to those who helped us in terms of organisation and funding – in particular the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the University of Warsaw. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55090253,"asset_id":35231374,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67052268,"first_name":"Artur","last_name":"Adamczyk","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"ArturAdamczyk","display_name":"Artur Adamczyk","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/ArturAdamczyk?f_ri=131","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":72384036,"first_name":"Dorota","last_name":"Jurkiewicz-Eckert","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DorotaJurkiewiczEckert","display_name":"Dorota Jurkiewicz-Eckert","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DorotaJurkiewiczEckert?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72384036/166231611/156115706/s65_dorota.jurkiewicz-eckert.png"},{"id":72128257,"first_name":"Bogdan","last_name":"Góralczyk","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BogdanGóralczyk","display_name":"Bogdan Góralczyk","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BogdanG%C3%B3ralczyk?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72128257/153799849/143408762/s65_bogdan.g_ralczyk.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":15167,"name":"European Union Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50766950" data-work_id="50766950" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50766950/HOW_HUMANISM_INFLUENCED_ART_AND_ARCHITECTURE_DURING_THE_EUROPEAN_RENAISSANCE">HOW HUMANISM INFLUENCED ART AND ARCHITECTURE DURING THE EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Renaissance was a period in European history covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It was the period of revival in different spheres of life. The period is so named because it is marked with a renewed interest in ancient Greek and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50766950" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Renaissance was a period in European history covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It was the period of revival in different spheres of life. The period is so named because it is marked with a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. It originated in Italy and spread throughout Europe. The philosophy of Humanism was a key element that helped to shape the artistic development of the Italian Renaissance. It fostered the idea that an individual's faith was not totally governed by institutional religion, thereby freeing artists from the influence of the clergy. We see the influence of the humanistic ideas in art, poetry, literature and architectures of this period</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50766950" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f1ab6ca4ba95bb33f4e45667e65e25d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68635141,"asset_id":50766950,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68635141/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186130326" href="https://loreto.academia.edu/SarmisthaGhoshSam">Sarmistha Ghosh Sam.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186130326" type="text/json">{"id":186130326,"first_name":"Sarmistha","last_name":"Ghosh Sam.","domain_name":"loreto","page_name":"SarmisthaGhoshSam","display_name":"Sarmistha Ghosh Sam.","profile_url":"https://loreto.academia.edu/SarmisthaGhoshSam?f_ri=131","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/e49630932f78ed1160578258e59889fe?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50766950 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50766950"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50766950, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50766950", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50766950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50766950").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50766950").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50766950"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3027" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Humanism">Renaissance Humanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3027" type="text/json">{"id":3027,"name":"Renaissance Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Humanism?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647416" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Renaissance">European Renaissance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="647416" type="text/json">{"id":647416,"name":"European Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Renaissance?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50766950]'), work: {"id":50766950,"title":"HOW HUMANISM INFLUENCED ART AND ARCHITECTURE DURING THE EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE","created_at":"2021-08-06T07:41:27.449-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50766950/HOW_HUMANISM_INFLUENCED_ART_AND_ARCHITECTURE_DURING_THE_EUROPEAN_RENAISSANCE?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_50766950","summary":"The Renaissance was a period in European history covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It was the period of revival in different spheres of life. The period is so named because it is marked with a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. It originated in Italy and spread throughout Europe. The philosophy of Humanism was a key element that helped to shape the artistic development of the Italian Renaissance. It fostered the idea that an individual's faith was not totally governed by institutional religion, thereby freeing artists from the influence of the clergy. We see the influence of the humanistic ideas in art, poetry, literature and architectures of this period","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68635141,"asset_id":50766950,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186130326,"first_name":"Sarmistha","last_name":"Ghosh Sam.","domain_name":"loreto","page_name":"SarmisthaGhoshSam","display_name":"Sarmistha Ghosh Sam.","profile_url":"https://loreto.academia.edu/SarmisthaGhoshSam?f_ri=131","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/e49630932f78ed1160578258e59889fe?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3027,"name":"Renaissance Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance_Humanism?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":647416,"name":"European Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Renaissance?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19504240" data-work_id="19504240" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19504240/Adriatico_orientale_Atlante_storico_di_un_litorale_mediterraneo_Rovigno_Centro_di_ricerche_storiche_Rovigno_2014">Adriatico orientale. Atlante storico di un litorale mediterraneo, Rovigno, Centro di ricerche storiche Rovigno, 2014.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19504240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c908512e36b7abfbeba67dedce1cd4ec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40657192,"asset_id":19504240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40657192/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33144811" href="https://unipd.academia.edu/EgidioIvetic">Egidio Ivetic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33144811" type="text/json">{"id":33144811,"first_name":"Egidio","last_name":"Ivetic","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"EgidioIvetic","display_name":"Egidio Ivetic","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/EgidioIvetic?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33144811/10922362/35687322/s65_egidio.ivetic.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19504240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19504240"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19504240, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19504240", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19504240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19504240").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19504240").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19504240"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3066" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albanian_Studies">Albanian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3066" type="text/json">{"id":3066,"name":"Albanian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albanian_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cartography">History of Cartography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6878" type="text/json">{"id":6878,"name":"History of Cartography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cartography?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6952" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies">Mediterranean Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6952" type="text/json">{"id":6952,"name":"Mediterranean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19504240]'), work: {"id":19504240,"title":"Adriatico orientale. Atlante storico di un litorale mediterraneo, Rovigno, Centro di ricerche storiche Rovigno, 2014.","created_at":"2015-12-05T09:00:56.837-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19504240/Adriatico_orientale_Atlante_storico_di_un_litorale_mediterraneo_Rovigno_Centro_di_ricerche_storiche_Rovigno_2014?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_19504240","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40657192,"asset_id":19504240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33144811,"first_name":"Egidio","last_name":"Ivetic","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"EgidioIvetic","display_name":"Egidio Ivetic","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/EgidioIvetic?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33144811/10922362/35687322/s65_egidio.ivetic.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":3066,"name":"Albanian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albanian_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":6878,"name":"History of Cartography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cartography?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":6952,"name":"Mediterranean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":9099,"name":"Croatian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Croatian_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":10494,"name":"Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean?f_ri=131"},{"id":15736,"name":"History of the Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Mediterranean?f_ri=131"},{"id":17445,"name":"Historical maps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_maps?f_ri=131"},{"id":30498,"name":"Dalmatian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalmatian_history?f_ri=131"},{"id":30740,"name":"Slovenian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slovenian_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":54558,"name":"Adriatic Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adriatic_Sea?f_ri=131"},{"id":74033,"name":"Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mapping?f_ri=131"},{"id":135512,"name":"History of the Adriatic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Adriatic?f_ri=131"},{"id":916401,"name":"Historical Atlases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Atlases?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37663518" data-work_id="37663518" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37663518/Stella_Ghervas_2018_The_Black_Sea_in_Oceanic_Histories_ed_David_Armitage_Alison_Bashford_and_Sujit_Sivasundaram_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2018_pp_234_266">Stella Ghervas (2018). "The Black Sea", in Oceanic Histories, ed. David Armitage, Alison Bashford and Sujit Sivasundaram (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 234-266.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Stella Ghervas (2018). "The Black Sea", in Oceanic Histories, ed. David Armitage, Alison Bashford and Sujit Sivasundaram (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 234-266. Abstract of the volume: "Oceanic Histories is the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37663518" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Stella Ghervas (2018). "The Black Sea", in Oceanic Histories, ed. David Armitage, Alison Bashford and Sujit Sivasundaram (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 234-266. <br /> <br />Abstract of the volume: <br />"Oceanic Histories is the first comprehensive account of world history focused not on the land but viewed through the 70% of the Earth's surface covered by water. Leading historians trace the history of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the world's seas from the Arctic and the Baltic to the South China Sea and the Sea of Japan/Korea's East Sea, over the longue durée. Individual chapters trace the histories and the historiographies of the various oceanic regions with special attention to the histories of circulation and particularity, the links between human and non-human history and the connections and comparisons between parts of the World Ocean. Showcasing oceanic history as a field with a long past and a vibrant future, these authoritative surveys, original arguments and guides to research make this volume an indispensable resource for students and scholars alike."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37663518" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="036b8b56f83d72f7426ada5fa70a31ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64530610,"asset_id":37663518,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64530610/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="225913" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/StellaGhervas">Stella Ghervas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="225913" type="text/json">{"id":225913,"first_name":"Stella","last_name":"Ghervas","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"StellaGhervas","display_name":"Stella Ghervas","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/StellaGhervas?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/225913/50520/3757649/s65_stella.ghervas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37663518 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37663518"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37663518, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37663518", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37663518]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37663518").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37663518").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37663518"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=131","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37663518]'), work: {"id":37663518,"title":"Stella Ghervas (2018). \"The Black Sea\", in Oceanic Histories, ed. David Armitage, Alison Bashford and Sujit Sivasundaram (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 234-266.","created_at":"2018-10-28T09:26:02.680-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37663518/Stella_Ghervas_2018_The_Black_Sea_in_Oceanic_Histories_ed_David_Armitage_Alison_Bashford_and_Sujit_Sivasundaram_Cambridge_Cambridge_University_Press_2018_pp_234_266?f_ri=131","dom_id":"work_37663518","summary":"Stella Ghervas (2018). \"The Black Sea\", in Oceanic Histories, ed. David Armitage, Alison Bashford and Sujit Sivasundaram (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 234-266.\r\n\r\nAbstract of the volume: \r\n\"Oceanic Histories is the first comprehensive account of world history focused not on the land but viewed through the 70% of the Earth's surface covered by water. Leading historians trace the history of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the world's seas from the Arctic and the Baltic to the South China Sea and the Sea of Japan/Korea's East Sea, over the longue durée. Individual chapters trace the histories and the historiographies of the various oceanic regions with special attention to the histories of circulation and particularity, the links between human and non-human history and the connections and comparisons between parts of the World Ocean. Showcasing oceanic history as a field with a long past and a vibrant future, these authoritative surveys, original arguments and guides to research make this volume an indispensable resource for students and scholars alike.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64530610,"asset_id":37663518,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":225913,"first_name":"Stella","last_name":"Ghervas","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"StellaGhervas","display_name":"Stella Ghervas","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/StellaGhervas?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/225913/50520/3757649/s65_stella.ghervas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=131","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=131"},{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=131"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=131"},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=131"},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=131"},{"id":3722,"name":"Environmental History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":29277,"name":"Black Sea region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Sea_region?f_ri=131"},{"id":33808,"name":"Black Sea Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Sea_Studies?f_ri=131"},{"id":35160,"name":"Maritime and Oceanic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_and_Oceanic_History?f_ri=131"},{"id":60061,"name":"Black Sea Region Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Sea_Region_Archaeology?f_ri=131"},{"id":74602,"name":"Port cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Port_cities?f_ri=131"},{"id":83193,"name":"Black Sea ancient history and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Sea_ancient_history_and_archaeology?f_ri=131"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35985443" data-work_id="35985443" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35985443/Ionian_State_1814_1864_Institutions_and_social_organisation_%CE%99%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_1814_1864_%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_2017">Ionian State 1814-1864. Institutions and social organisation/Ιόνιο Κράτος, 1814-1864, Θεσμοί και κοινωνική διάρθρωση, Ακαδημία Αθηνών, 2017</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay attempts to integrate the local paradigm of the Ionian State into the general structures of the British Empire, while at the same time examines the institutional continuities deriving from the Venetian dominion. An overall plan... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35985443" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay attempts to integrate the local paradigm of the Ionian State into the general structures of the British Empire, while at the same time examines the institutional continuities deriving from the Venetian dominion. An overall plan of the Ionian State's administration, focusing on governmental practices from the institutional point of view, is also being undertaken. The essay was based on primary and secondary sources' elaboration, referring to the administrative organization and to the state system in the Ionian Islands under the British Rule. Reflecting that, the social structure of the local society was interconnected to administrative mechanism. From a methodological perspective, the use of administrative archives is instrumental in synthetic process, in an effort to portray social networks and to clarify the formation of both individual and collective identities. Developing, however, the empirical work in the factual context is deemed necessary. The text is arranged in two parts: the first refers to the local economic realities, as well as to the economic mechanisms shaped in the context of the British Rule. Both subject matters are examined in very general terms. Public finance, the banking sector and the monetary system are research objects, aiming at a grosso modo description of Ionian State's economic practices. In this framework, a special mention is made to the financial mission of Gladstone to the Ionian Islands. British Rule's economic policy is also being considered with regard to the changes in property rights: although the policy of the abolition of the feudal rural estate is not completed during the period of the Ionian State, it is nevertheless indicative of the market's transition to more liberal (or more monetarized) forms. Finally, the economic reforms taking place between 1834 and 1836 are analyzed, with special focus on the protection of local agricultural products. A reference to commercial and maritime activity is also included, with emphasis on government interventions to support (or not support) private initiative. The second part of the essay examines the gradual articulation of the state mechanism and the way this is reflected to the intended rationalization of legislative and executive authorities. In this context, the language used in administration (Italian, English, and then Greek) elucidates reforms and alterations of the State mechanism, and is also related to the emergence of a local identity. The statecraft of the Ionian State is also being examined, with a reference to the previous constitutional texts of the Septinsular Republic, as an encounter of both institutional continuity and discontinuity. Thus, the administrative mechanisms of the Ionian State are analyzed in their interaction with the local society, as an indicator of British colonial practices. Beyond the articulation of the executive, juridical and legislative authorities, as expressed in the Constitution of 1817 but also as reflected in the relevant archive material, the text contains an analysis of the reforms of 1848/1849 that basically correspond to a more proportional representation of the local population and to alterations concerning the executive authority expressed by the Commissioners, the Senate and local governors (prefects). Finally, as the administration is ran by individuals, a special reference to the relevant social network deriving from governmental practices is made: The State's administration staffing during the period of the British Rule constitutes a qualitative indicator for the social formation of the Ionian Islands and for social mobility, mainly in the context of the higher and middle-class bourgeoisie.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35985443" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="52b00bbd2cd59a36a92f65a2d43cb87f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56013278,"asset_id":35985443,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56013278/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNzA5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1055614" href="https://academyofathens.academia.edu/CatherineBr%C3%A9gianni">Catherine Brégianni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1055614" type="text/json">{"id":1055614,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Brégianni","domain_name":"academyofathens","page_name":"CatherineBrégianni","display_name":"Catherine Brégianni","profile_url":"https://academyofathens.academia.edu/CatherineBr%C3%A9gianni?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1055614/364224/37137201/s65_catherine.br_gianni.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35985443 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35985443"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35985443, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35985443", }); 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Public finance, the banking sector and the monetary system are research objects, aiming at a grosso modo description of Ionian State's economic practices. In this framework, a special mention is made to the financial mission of Gladstone to the Ionian Islands. British Rule's economic policy is also being considered with regard to the changes in property rights: although the policy of the abolition of the feudal rural estate is not completed during the period of the Ionian State, it is nevertheless indicative of the market's transition to more liberal (or more monetarized) forms. Finally, the economic reforms taking place between 1834 and 1836 are analyzed, with special focus on the protection of local agricultural products. A reference to commercial and maritime activity is also included, with emphasis on government interventions to support (or not support) private initiative. The second part of the essay examines the gradual articulation of the state mechanism and the way this is reflected to the intended rationalization of legislative and executive authorities. In this context, the language used in administration (Italian, English, and then Greek) elucidates reforms and alterations of the State mechanism, and is also related to the emergence of a local identity. The statecraft of the Ionian State is also being examined, with a reference to the previous constitutional texts of the Septinsular Republic, as an encounter of both institutional continuity and discontinuity. Thus, the administrative mechanisms of the Ionian State are analyzed in their interaction with the local society, as an indicator of British colonial practices. Beyond the articulation of the executive, juridical and legislative authorities, as expressed in the Constitution of 1817 but also as reflected in the relevant archive material, the text contains an analysis of the reforms of 1848/1849 that basically correspond to a more proportional representation of the local population and to alterations concerning the executive authority expressed by the Commissioners, the Senate and local governors (prefects). Finally, as the administration is ran by individuals, a special reference to the relevant social network deriving from governmental practices is made: The State's administration staffing during the period of the British Rule constitutes a qualitative indicator for the social formation of the Ionian Islands and for social mobility, mainly in the context of the higher and middle-class bourgeoisie.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56013278,"asset_id":35985443,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1055614,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Brégianni","domain_name":"academyofathens","page_name":"CatherineBrégianni","display_name":"Catherine Brégianni","profile_url":"https://academyofathens.academia.edu/CatherineBr%C3%A9gianni?f_ri=131","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1055614/364224/37137201/s65_catherine.br_gianni.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European 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εντοπίσετε και να σχολιάσετε τις συνέπειες του Α΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου και τους όρους των συνθηκών ειρήνης που συνδέονται με τις κρίσεις στην Ευρώπη του μεσοπολέμου και την πορεία της ηπείρου προς τον Β΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37632451" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ec77561b58ef8a9b8b318ac97e29dfe" rel="nofollow" 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u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe">Early Modern Europe</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="7354">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="7354">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography">Historiography</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="3524">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" 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