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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Narratives according to the four canonical gospels subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Narratives_according_to_the_four_canonical_gospels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comprehensive_narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comprehensive_narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Comprehensive narrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comprehensive_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_between_the_canonical_gospels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_between_the_canonical_gospels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Differences between the canonical gospels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_between_the_canonical_gospels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Narrative_according_to_the_Gospel_of_Peter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Narrative_according_to_the_Gospel_of_Peter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Narrative according to the Gospel of Peter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Narrative_according_to_the_Gospel_of_Peter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_trials_of_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_trials_of_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The trials of Jesus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_trials_of_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biblical_prophecies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biblical_prophecies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Biblical prophecies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biblical_prophecies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biblical prophecies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biblical_prophecies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_Testament_prophecy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Testament_prophecy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Old Testament prophecy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Testament_prophecy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Testament_prophecy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament_prophecy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>New Testament prophecy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament_prophecy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liturgical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liturgical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liturgical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Devotions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Devotions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Devotions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Devotions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Devotions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Devotions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Stations_of_the_Cross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Stations_of_the_Cross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>The Stations of the Cross</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Stations_of_the_Cross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Passion_Offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Passion_Offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>The Passion Offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Passion_Offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Little_Office_of_the_Passion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Little_Office_of_the_Passion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>The Little Office of the Passion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Little_Office_of_the_Passion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acts_of_reparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acts_of_reparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Acts of reparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acts_of_reparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In the arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_the_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In the arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visual_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Visual art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama_and_processions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama_and_processions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Drama and processions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama_and_processions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>In Latin America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>In Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passion_of_Jesus_in_botany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passion_of_Jesus_in_botany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Passion of Jesus in botany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passion_of_Jesus_in_botany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Passion of Jesus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="آلام المسيح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلام المسيح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="যীশুর দুঃখভোগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যীশুর দুঃখভোগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Мукі Хрыстовы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мукі Хрыстовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasyon_ni_Hesus" title="Pasyon ni Hesus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pasyon ni Hesus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Страстите Христови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Страстите Христови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasion_Jezuz" title="Pasion Jezuz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pasion Jezuz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passi%C3%B3_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Passió de Jesús – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Passió de Jesús" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Христос чун хавалĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Христос чун хавалĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1ije" title="Pašije – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pašije" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passion_Jesu" title="Passion Jesu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Passion Jesu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passioon" title="Passioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Passioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%B8%CE%B7" title="Άγια Πάθη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άγια Πάθη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasi%C3%B3n_de_Cristo" title="Pasión de Cristo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pasión de Cristo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiono_(kristanismo)" title="Pasiono (kristanismo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pasiono (kristanismo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekaldia" title="Nekaldia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nekaldia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="مصائب عیسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مصائب عیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passion_du_Christ" title="Passion du Christ – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Passion du Christ" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ph%C3%A1is_(An_Chr%C3%ADosta%C3%ADocht)" title="An Pháis (An Chríostaíocht) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Pháis (An Chríostaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paix%C3%B3n_de_Cristo" title="Paixón de Cristo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paixón de Cristo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%82%9C" title="수난 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수난" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="यीशु का दुःखभोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यीशु का दुःखभोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isusov_kri%C5%BEni_put" title="Isusov križni put – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Isusov križni put" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesengsaraan_Yesus" title="Kesengsaraan Yesus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kesengsaraan Yesus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passion_de_Christo" title="Passion de Christo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Passion de Christo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passione_di_Ges%C3%B9" title="Passione di Gesù – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Passione di Gesù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95" title="הפסיון של ישו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפסיון של ישו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Пассионарлық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пассионарлық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passio_Christi" title="Passio Christi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Passio Christi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijalian%27_i_Jesoa" title="Fijalian' i Jesoa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fijalian' i Jesoa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="الام المسيح – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الام المسيح" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passio_Christi" title="Passio Christi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Passio Christi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passie_(Jezus_Christus)" title="Passie (Jezus Christus) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Passie (Jezus Christus)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="受難 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="受難" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasjon_(kristendom)" title="Pasjon (kristendom) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pasjon (kristendom)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidingssoga" title="Lidingssoga – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lidingssoga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passion_J%C3%A9sus" title="Passion Jésus – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Passion Jésus" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasja" title="Pasja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pasja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paix%C3%A3o_(cristianismo)" title="Paixão (cristianismo) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paixão (cristianismo)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patimile" title="Patimile – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Patimile" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Страсти Христовы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Страсти Христовы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1ie" title="Pašie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pašie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezusovo_trpljenje" title="Jezusovo trpljenje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jezusovo trpljenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stradanje_Isusa" title="Stradanje Isusa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stradanje Isusa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristuksen_k%C3%A4rsimyskertomus" title="Kristuksen kärsimyskertomus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kristuksen kärsimyskertomus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passionshistorien" title="Passionshistorien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Passionshistorien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasyon_(Kristiyanismo)" title="Pasyon (Kristiyanismo) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pasyon (Kristiyanismo)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="இயேசுவின் பாடுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயேசுவின் பாடுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9" title="พระทรมานของพระเยซู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระทรมานของพระเยซู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ile_(Hristiyanl%C4%B1k)" title="Çile (Hristiyanlık) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çile (Hristiyanlık)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Страсті Христові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Страсті Христові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu%E1%BB%99c_th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_kh%C3%B3_c%E1%BB%A7a_Gi%C3%AAsu" title="Cuộc thương khó của Giêsu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cuộc thương khó của Giêsu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="耶穌受難" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="耶穌受難" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Final period in the life of Jesus, before his crucifixion and death</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Passion of Jesus">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Passion+of+Jesus%22">"Passion of Jesus"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Passion+of+Jesus%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Passion+of+Jesus%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Passion+of+Jesus%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Passion+of+Jesus%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Passion+of+Jesus%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matthias_Stom_-_Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Matthias_Stom_-_Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns.jpg/220px-Matthias_Stom_-_Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Matthias_Stom_-_Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns.jpg/330px-Matthias_Stom_-_Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Matthias_Stom_-_Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns.jpg/440px-Matthias_Stom_-_Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1885" data-file-height="1283" /></a><figcaption><i>Christ Crowned with Thorns</i> by <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Stom" title="Matthias Stom">Matthias Stom</a> (c. 1633–1639) shows <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> in his Passion as the "Lord of Patience" with the crown of thorns and scepter reed, being mocked by Roman soldiers.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Events</a> in the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><big><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus</a></big><br /><small><small>according to the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">canonical gospels</a></small></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Life of Jesus"><img alt="Life of Jesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg/255px-GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg/383px-GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg/510px-GaudenzioFerrari_StorieCristo_Varallo2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="524" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Early life</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_dreams" title="Saint Joseph's dreams">Joseph's dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">Annunciation to the Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of the Shepherds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_of_Jesus" title="Circumcision of Jesus">Circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus" title="Presentation of Jesus">Presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_family_of_Jesus_to_Nazareth" title="Return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth">Return to Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">Finding in the Temple</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning the Twelve Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleansing_of_the_Temple" title="Cleansing of the Temple">Temple cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second coming prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraclete" title="Paraclete">Paraclete promised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Kiss of Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus" title="Mocking of Jesus">Mocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_at_Herod%27s_court" title="Jesus at Herod's court">Herod's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">Crown of Thorns</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Descent from the Cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Entombment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus#Biblical_accounts" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Appearances</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere" title="Noli me tangere">Noli me tangere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus_appearance" title="Road to Emmaus appearance">Road to Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">In rest of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">NT</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">Road to Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man" title="John's vision of the Son of Man">John's vision</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> Portals: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/16px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/24px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_Jesus" title="Template:Gospel Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_Jesus" title="Template talk:Gospel Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Passion</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">patior</i></span>, "to suffer, bear, endure")<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the short final period before the death of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a>, described in the four <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">canonical gospels</a>. It is commemorated in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> every year during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Passion</i> may include, among other events, Jesus's <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a>, his <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_of_the_Temple" title="Cleansing of the Temple">cleansing of the Temple</a>, his <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">anointing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>, his <a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">agony</a>, his <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">arrest</a>, his trials <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">before the Sanhedrin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">before Pilate</a>, his <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion and death</a>, and his <a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">burial</a>. Those parts of the four canonical <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> that describe these events are known as the Passion narratives. In some Christian communities, commemoration of the Passion also includes remembrance of the sorrow of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_the_mother_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary, the mother of Jesus">Mary, the mother of Jesus</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Friday_of_Sorrows" title="Friday of Sorrows">Friday of Sorrows</a>. </p><p>The word <i>passion</i> has taken on a more general application and now may also apply to accounts of the suffering and death of <a href="/wiki/Christian_martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian martyrs">Christian martyrs</a>, sometimes using the Latin form <i>passio</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Narratives_according_to_the_four_canonical_gospels">Narratives according to the four canonical gospels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Narratives according to the four canonical gospels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Accounts of the Passion are found in the four <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">canonical gospels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>. Three of these, Matthew, Mark, and Luke, known as the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a>, give similar accounts. The Gospel of John account varies significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-Puskas_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puskas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars do not agree on which events surrounding the death of Jesus should be considered part of the Passion narrative, and which ones merely precede and succeed the actual Passion narrative itself. For example, Puskas and Robbins (2011) commence the Passion after Jesus's arrest and before his resurrection, thus only including the trials, crucifixion and death of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Puskas_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puskas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth:_Holy_Week" title="Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week">Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week</a></i> (2011), the term <i>Passion</i> completely coincides with the crucifixion and death of Jesus; it does not include earlier events and specifically excludes the burial and resurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others such as Matson and Richardson (2014) take a broader approach and consider the triumphal entry, the last supper, the trial before Pilate, the crucifixion, the burial, and the resurrection collectively as constituting the so-called "Passion Week".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comprehensive_narrative">Comprehensive narrative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Comprehensive narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Taking an inclusive approach, the "Passion" may include:</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolestn%C3%BD_Kristus_(po%C4%8D._16._stol.),_Cheb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bolestn%C3%BD_Kristus_%28po%C4%8D._16._stol.%29%2C_Cheb.jpg/160px-Bolestn%C3%BD_Kristus_%28po%C4%8D._16._stol.%29%2C_Cheb.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bolestn%C3%BD_Kristus_%28po%C4%8D._16._stol.%29%2C_Cheb.jpg/240px-Bolestn%C3%BD_Kristus_%28po%C4%8D._16._stol.%29%2C_Cheb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bolestn%C3%BD_Kristus_%28po%C4%8D._16._stol.%29%2C_Cheb.jpg/320px-Bolestn%C3%BD_Kristus_%28po%C4%8D._16._stol.%29%2C_Cheb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>16th century <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolestn%C3%BD_Kristus_z_Chebu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolestný Kristus z Chebu (page does not exist)">sculpture of suffering Christ</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolestn%C3%BD_Kristus_z_Chebu" class="extiw" title="cs:Bolestný Kristus z Chebu">cs</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Cheb" title="Cheb">Cheb</a>, Czechia</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a>: some people welcome Jesus when he enters Jerusalem.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_of_the_Temple" title="Cleansing of the Temple">Cleansing of the Temple</a>: Jesus expels livestock merchants and money-changers from the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Temple of Jerusalem</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing of Jesus</a> by a woman during a meal a few days before Passover. Jesus says that for this she will always be remembered.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> shared by Jesus and his disciples in Jerusalem. Jesus gives final instructions, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_predicts_his_betrayal" title="Jesus predicts his betrayal">predicts his betrayal</a>, and tells them all to remember him.</li> <li>Jesus predicts the <a href="/wiki/Denial_of_Peter" title="Denial of Peter">Denial of Peter</a>: on the path to <a href="/wiki/Gethsemane" title="Gethsemane">Gethsemane</a> after the meal, Jesus tells the disciples they will all fall away that night. After <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> protests he will not, Jesus says Peter will deny him thrice before the cock crows.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a>: later that night at Gethsemane, Jesus prays while the disciples rest. <a href="/wiki/Luke_22:43%E2%80%9344" title="Luke 22:43–44">Luke 22:43–44</a> adds that Jesus was terrified, and sweating blood; however, the oldest manuscripts of the Gospel of Luke do not contain these two verses, the other three canonical gospels do not mention this event either, and various manuscripts contain these verses elsewhere, even in the Gospel of Matthew (suggesting repeated attempts at insertion); thus, most modern scholars consider this tradition a later <a href="/wiki/Christian_interpolation" title="Christian interpolation">Christian interpolation</a>, probably to counter <a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">docetism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aland_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aland-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest of Jesus</a>: then <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> leads in either "a detachment of soldiers and some officials from the chief priests and <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (accompanied according to Luke's Gospel by the chief priests and elders),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a "large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests and elders of the people,"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which arrests Jesus; all his disciples run away. During the arrest in Gethsemane, someone (Peter according to John) takes a sword and cuts off the ear of the high priest's servant, Malchus.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial of Jesus</a> at the high priest's palace, later that night. The arresting party brings Jesus to the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> (Jewish supreme court); according to Luke's Gospel, Jesus is beaten by his Jewish guards prior to his examination;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the court examines him, in the course of which, according to John's Gospel, Jesus is struck in the face by one of the Jewish officials;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the court determine he deserves to die. According to Matthew's Gospel, the court then "<a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus#First_stage" title="Mocking of Jesus">spat in his face and struck him with their fists</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They then send him to <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a>. According to the synoptic gospels, the high priest who examines Jesus is <a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a>; in John, Jesus is also interrogated by <a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a>, Caiaphas' father-in-law.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Denial_of_Peter" title="Denial of Peter">Denial of Peter</a> in the courtyard outside the high priest's palace, the same time. Peter has followed Jesus and joined the mob awaiting Jesus' fate; they suspect he is a sympathizer, so Peter repeatedly denies he knows Jesus. Suddenly, the cock crows and Peter remembers what Jesus had said.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's trial of Jesus</a>, early morning. <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a>, the Roman governor of Judea, questions Jesus, but cannot find any fault with him (according to some gospels, Pilate explicitly declares Jesus's innocence); however, the Jewish leaders and the crowd demand Jesus' death; Pilate gives them the choice of saving <a href="/wiki/Barabbas" title="Barabbas">Barabbas</a>, a criminal, or saving Jesus. In response to the screaming mob Pilate sends Jesus out to be crucified.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Way of the Cross</a>: Jesus and two other convicts are forced to walk to their place of execution. According to the Synoptics, <a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a> is forced to carry Jesus's cross, while John writes that Jesus carried his cross himself.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a>: Jesus and the two other convicts are nailed to crosses at <a href="/wiki/Golgotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Golgotha">Golgotha</a>, a hill outside Jerusalem, later morning through mid afternoon. Various <a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">sayings of Jesus on the cross</a> are recorded in the gospels before he dies.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial of Jesus</a>: the body of Jesus is <a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">taken down from the cross</a> and put in a tomb by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a> according to John).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a>: Jesus rises from the dead, leaving behind an <a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">empty tomb</a> and reportedly <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus#Biblical_accounts" title="Resurrection of Jesus">appearing to several of his followers</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differences_between_the_canonical_gospels">Differences between the canonical gospels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Differences between the canonical gospels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> states that Pilate sends Jesus to be judged by <a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a> because as a Galilean he is under his jurisdiction. Herod is excited at first to see Jesus and hopes Jesus will perform a miracle for him; he asks Jesus several questions but Jesus does not answer. Herod then <a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus" title="Mocking of Jesus">mocks him</a> and sends him back to Pilate after giving him an "elegant" robe to wear.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All the Gospels relate that a man named <a href="/wiki/Barabbas" title="Barabbas">Barabbas</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was released by Pilate instead of Jesus. Matthew, Mark and John have Pilate offer a choice between Jesus and Barabbas to the crowd; Luke lists no choice offered by Pilate, but represents the crowd demanding his release. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesus_in_Golgotha_by_Theophanes_the_Cretan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jesus_in_Golgotha_by_Theophanes_the_Cretan.jpg/220px-Jesus_in_Golgotha_by_Theophanes_the_Cretan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jesus_in_Golgotha_by_Theophanes_the_Cretan.jpg/330px-Jesus_in_Golgotha_by_Theophanes_the_Cretan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jesus_in_Golgotha_by_Theophanes_the_Cretan.jpg/440px-Jesus_in_Golgotha_by_Theophanes_the_Cretan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a> of the Passion, detail showing (left) the Flagellation and (right) Ascent to <a href="/wiki/Golgotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Golgotha">Golgotha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> by <a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Cretan" title="Theophanes the Cretan">Theophanes the Cretan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stavronikita" title="Stavronikita">Stavronikita</a> <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>In all the Gospels, Pilate asks Jesus if he is <a href="/wiki/Jesus,_King_of_the_Jews" title="Jesus, King of the Jews">King of the Jews</a> and Jesus replies "So you say". Once condemned by Pilate, he was <a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">flogged</a> before execution. The canonical gospels, except Luke, record that Jesus is then taken by the soldiers to the <a href="/wiki/Praetorium" title="Praetorium">Praetorium</a> where, according to Matthew and Mark, the whole contingent of soldiers has been called together. They place a <a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">purple</a> <a href="/wiki/Robe" title="Robe">robe</a> on him, put a <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">crown of thorns</a> on his head, and according to <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, put a <a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">rod</a> in his hand. They <a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus#Second_stage" title="Mocking of Jesus">mock him</a> by hailing him as "<a href="/wiki/Jesus,_King_of_the_Jews" title="Jesus, King of the Jews">King of the Jews</a>", paying <a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">homage</a> and hitting him on the head with the rod. </p><p>According to the Gospel of John, Pilate has Jesus brought out a second time, wearing the purple robe and the crown of thorns, in order to appeal his innocence before the crowd, saying <i><a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo" title="Ecce homo">Ecce homo</a>,</i> ("Behold the man"). But, John represents, the priests urge the crowd to demand Jesus's death. Pilate resigns himself to the decision, washing his hands (according to Matthew) before the people as a sign that Jesus's blood will not be upon him. According to the Gospel of Matthew they replied, "<a href="/wiki/Blood_curse" title="Blood curse">His blood be on us and on our children!</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mark and Matthew record that Jesus is returned his own clothes, prior to being led out for execution. According to the Gospel accounts he is forced, like other victims of crucifixion, to drag his own cross to <a href="/wiki/Golgotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Golgotha">Golgotha</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the location of the execution. The three <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a> refer to a man called <a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a>, who is made to carry the cross (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2015:21&version=nrsv">Mark 15:21</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2027:32&version=nrsv">Matthew 27:32</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2023:26&version=nrsv">Luke 23:26</a>), while in the Gospel of John (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2019:17&version=nrsv">19:17</a>), Jesus is made to carry his own cross. The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> gives the names of Simon's children, Alexander and Rufus. However, the Gospel of Luke refers to Simon carrying the cross <i>after</i> Jesus, in that it states: "they laid hold upon one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, that he might bear it after Jesus".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luke adds that Jesus's female followers follow, mourning his fate, but that he responds by quoting <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea+10%3A8&version=NIV">Hosea 10:8</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albrecht_Altdorfer_016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Albrecht_Altdorfer_016.jpg/220px-Albrecht_Altdorfer_016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Albrecht_Altdorfer_016.jpg/330px-Albrecht_Altdorfer_016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Albrecht_Altdorfer_016.jpg/440px-Albrecht_Altdorfer_016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="3776" /></a><figcaption><i>Crucifixion</i> by <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Altdorfer" title="Albrecht Altdorfer">Albrecht Altdorfer</a> (c. 1526)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Synoptic Gospels state that on arrival at Golgotha, Jesus is offered <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> laced with <a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">myrrh</a> to lessen the pain, but he refuses it. Jesus is then crucified, according to Mark, at "the third hour" (9 a.m.) the morning after the Passover meal, but according to John he is handed over to be crucified at "the sixth hour" (noon) the day before the Passover meal, although many resolve this by saying that the Synoptics use Jewish time, and that John uses Roman time. Pilate has a <a href="/wiki/Titulus_(inscription)" title="Titulus (inscription)">plaque</a> fixed to Jesus's cross inscribed, (according to John) in Hebrew, Greek and Latin – <i><a href="/wiki/INRI" class="mw-redirect" title="INRI">Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudeorum</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning <i>Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews</i>. Mark has the plaque say simply, <i>King of the Jews.</i> The Gospels then state that the soldiers divide Jesus's clothes among themselves, except for one garment for which they <a href="/wiki/Sortition" title="Sortition">cast lots</a>. The Gospel of John claims that this fulfills a prophecy from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Psalms%2022:18&version=nrsv">Psalms 22:18</a>. Some of the crowd who have been following <a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus#Third_stage" title="Mocking of Jesus">taunt Jesus</a> by saying, "He trusts in God; let God deliver him now!" The statement suggests that Jesus might perform a <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracle</a> to release himself from the cross. </p><p>According to the Gospels, two <a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">thieves</a> are also crucified, one on each side of him. According to Luke, one of the thieves reviles Jesus, while the other declares Jesus innocent and begs that he might be remembered when Jesus comes to his kingdom (see <a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Penitent thief</a>). </p><p>John records that Mary, his mother, and two other women stand by the cross as does a disciple, described as <a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">the one whom Jesus loved</a>. Jesus commits his mother to this disciple's care. According to the synoptics, the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_eclipse" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucifixion eclipse">sky becomes dark at midday</a> and the darkness lasts for three hours, until the ninth hour when Jesus cries out <i>Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?</i> ("My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?").<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The centurion standing guard, who has seen how Jesus has died, declares Jesus innocent (Luke) or the "Son of God" (Matthew, Mark). </p><p>John says that, as was the custom, the soldiers come and break the legs of the thieves, so that they will die faster, but that on coming to Jesus they find him already dead. A soldier pierces his side with a <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">spear</a>. </p><p>According to the Gospel of Matthew, Judas, the betrayer, is filled with remorse and tries to return the money he was paid for betraying Jesus. When the high priests say that that is his affair, Judas throws the money into the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem temple">temple</a>, goes off, and hangs himself.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Acts">Book of Acts</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#1:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">1:18</a>, Judas was not remorseful, took the money and bought a field from it, whereupon he suddenly fell and died. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Narrative_according_to_the_Gospel_of_Peter">Narrative according to the Gospel of Peter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Narrative according to the Gospel of Peter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veronicas_Svetteduk_av_Domenico_Fetti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Veronicas_Svetteduk_av_Domenico_Fetti.jpg/220px-Veronicas_Svetteduk_av_Domenico_Fetti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Veronicas_Svetteduk_av_Domenico_Fetti.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica" title="Veil of Veronica">Veil of Veronica</a></i>, painting by <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fetti" title="Domenico Fetti">Domenico Fetti</a> (c. 1620).</figcaption></figure> <p>Further claims concerning the Passion are made in some non-canonical early writings. Another passion narrative is found in the fragmentary <i><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Peter" title="Gospel of Peter">Gospel of Peter</a></i>, long known to scholars through references, and of which a fragment was discovered in Cairo in 1884. </p><p>The narrative begins with Pilate washing his hands, as in Matthew, but the Jews and Herod refuse this. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a>, before Jesus has been crucified, asks for his body, and Herod says he is going to take it down to comply with the Jewish custom of not leaving a dead body hung on a tree overnight. Herod then turns Jesus over to the people who drag him, give him a purple robe, crown him with thorns, and beat and flog him. </p><p>There are also two criminals, crucified on either side of him and, as in Luke, one begs Jesus for forgiveness. The writer says Jesus is silent as they crucify him, "...as if in no pain."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus is labeled the <a href="/wiki/Jesus,_King_of_the_Jews" title="Jesus, King of the Jews">King of Israel</a> on his cross and his clothes are divided and gambled over. </p><p>As in the canonical Gospels, darkness covers the land. Jesus is also given vinegar to drink. Peter has "My Power, My Power, why have you forsaken me?" as the last words of Jesus, rather than "My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?" as quoted in Mark. He is then "taken up", possibly a <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemism</a> for death or maybe an allusion to <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_403_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_403-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter then has a resurrection, similar to the other books. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Serapion_of_Antioch" title="Serapion of Antioch">Serapion of Antioch</a> urged the exclusion of the Gospel of Peter from the Church because <a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetists</a> were using it to bolster their <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> claims, which Serapion rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many modern scholars also reject this conclusion, as the statement about Jesus being silent "as if in no pain" seems to be based on Isaiah's description of the suffering servant, "as a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1053.htm#7">Isaiah 53:7</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_403_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_403-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_trials_of_Jesus">The trials of Jesus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The trials of Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gospels provide differing accounts of the trial of Jesus. Mark describes two separate proceedings, one involving Jewish leaders and one in which the Roman prefect for Judea, Pontius Pilate, plays the key role. Both Matthew and John's accounts generally support Mark's two-trial version. Luke, alone among the gospels, adds yet a third proceeding: having Pilate send Jesus to Herod Antipas. The non-canonical Gospel of Peter describes a single trial scene involving Jewish, Roman, and Herodian officials.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_prophecies">Biblical prophecies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Biblical prophecies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Passion of Jesus">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Testament_prophecy">Old Testament prophecy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Old Testament prophecy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_lorenzetti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Man_lorenzetti.jpg/220px-Man_lorenzetti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Man_lorenzetti.jpg/330px-Man_lorenzetti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Man_lorenzetti.jpg/440px-Man_lorenzetti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption><i>Christ as <a href="/wiki/Man_of_Sorrows" title="Man of Sorrows">Man of Sorrows</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Lorenzetti" title="Pietro Lorenzetti">Pietro Lorenzetti</a>, c. 1330 (<a href="/wiki/Lindenau-Museum" title="Lindenau-Museum">Lindenau-Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altenburg" title="Altenburg">Altenburg</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Christians interpret at least three passages of the Old Testament as prophecies about Jesus' Passion. </p><p>The first and most obvious is the one from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1052.htm#13">Isaiah 52:13–53:12</a> (either 8th or 6th century BC).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This prophetic oracle describes a sinless man who will atone for the sins of his people. By his voluntary suffering, he will save sinners from the just punishment of God. The death of Jesus is said to fulfill this prophecy. For example, "He had no form or comeliness that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. He was despised and rejected by men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that made us whole, and with his stripes we are healed" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1053.htm#2">53:2–5</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second prophecy of Christ's Passion is the ancient text which Jesus himself quoted, while he was dying on the cross. From the cross, Jesus cried with a loud voice, "<i>Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?"</i> which means, "My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me?" These words of Jesus were a quotation of the ancient <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms+&version=22">HE</a>. <a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">Psalm</a> 22, foretold the sufferings of the messiah. For example, "I am a worm and no man, the reproach of men and the outcast of the people. All who see me, laugh me to scorn, they draw apart their lips, and wag their heads: 'He trusts in the Lord: let him free him, let him deliver him if he loves him.' Stand not far from me, for I am troubled; be thou near at hand: for I have no helper. ...Yea, dogs are round about me; a company of evildoers encircle me; they have pierced my hands and feet – I can count all my bones – they stare and gloat over me; they divide my garments among them, and for my raiment they cast lots" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2622.htm#7">Psalm 22:7–19</a>). The words "<a href="/wiki/They_have_pierced_my_hands_and_feet" class="mw-redirect" title="They have pierced my hands and feet">they have pierced my hands and feet</a>" are disputed, however.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third main prophecy of the Passion is from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Book of the Wisdom of Solomon</a>. Protestant Christians place it in the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterocanonical">deuterocanonical</a> books. But it was written about 150 BC, and many have understood these verses (12–20 of chapter 2) as a direct prophecy of Jesus' Passion. For example, "Let us lie in wait for the just, because he is not for our turn. ...He boasteth that he hath the knowledge of God, and calleth himself the son of God ... and glorieth that he hath God for his father. Let us see then if his words be true. ...For if he be the true son of God, he will defend him, and will deliver him from the hands of his enemies. Let us examine him by outrages and tortures. ...Let us condemn him to a most shameful death. ...These things they thought, and were deceived, for their own malice blinded them" (Wisdom 2:12–20). </p><p>In addition to the above, it deserves to be mentioned that at least three other, less elaborate messianic prophecies were fulfilled in Jesus' crucifixion, namely, the following Old Testament passages: </p><p>"Many are the afflictions of the just man; but the Lord delivers him from all of them. He guards all his bones: not even one of them shall be broken" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2634.htm#20">Psalm 34:20</a>). </p><p>"And they gave me gall for my food, and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2669.htm#21">Psalm 69:21</a>). </p><p>"And they shall look upon me whom they have pierced; and they shall mourn for him as one mourneth for an only son; and they shall grieve over him, as the manner is to grieve for the death of the firstborn" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2312.htm#10">Zechariah 12:10</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Testament_prophecy">New Testament prophecy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New Testament prophecy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stolb2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Stolb2.jpg/220px-Stolb2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Stolb2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Fragment of the Pillar of the <a href="/wiki/Flagellation" title="Flagellation">Flagellation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_George,_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St George, Istanbul">Hagios Georgios</a> Patriarchal Church, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gospel explains how these old prophecies were fulfilled in Jesus' crucifixion. </p><p>"So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who had been crucified with Jesus; but when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water. ...For these things took place that the scripture might be fulfilled, 'Not a bone of him shall be broken.' And again another scripture says, 'They shall look on him whom they have pierced'" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#19:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 19:32–37</a>). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a>, Jesus is described as prophesying his own Passion and his Resurrection three times: </p> <ul><li>On the way to <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Philippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea Philippi">Caesarea Philippi</a>, predicting that the <i>Son of Man</i> will be killed and rise within three days.</li> <li>After the <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">transfiguration of Jesus</a>, again predicting that the <i>Son of Man</i> will be killed and rise within three days.</li> <li>On the way to Jerusalem, predicting that the <i>Son of Man</i> will be delivered to the leading <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a>, be condemned to death, delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Gentiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiles">Gentiles</a>, mocked, scourged, killed, and rise within three days.</li></ul> <p>Christians argue that these are cases of genuine and fulfilled <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecy</a> and many scholars see <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic features and tradition</a> in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#9:31" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 9:31</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Scourging_of_Christ_by_Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/The_Scourging_of_Christ_by_Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer.jpg/220px-The_Scourging_of_Christ_by_Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/The_Scourging_of_Christ_by_Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer.jpg/330px-The_Scourging_of_Christ_by_Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/The_Scourging_of_Christ_by_Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer.jpg/440px-The_Scourging_of_Christ_by_Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>, <i>The Scourging of Christ</i>, circa 1511.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the third prophecy, the Gospel of Mark states that the brothers <a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> ask Jesus to be his left and right hand men, but Jesus asks if they can drink from the "cup" he must drink from. They say that they can do this. Jesus confirms this, but says that the places at his right and left hand are reserved for others. Many Christian see this as being a reference to the two criminals at Jesus's crucifixion, thus relating to the Passion. The "cup" is sometimes interpreted as the symbol of his death, in the light of Jesus's prayer at Gethsemane "Let this cup be taken from me!"<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liturgical_use">Liturgical use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Liturgical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arma_Christi_1468_Wald_am_Arlberg_VLM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Arma_Christi_1468_Wald_am_Arlberg_VLM.jpg/220px-Arma_Christi_1468_Wald_am_Arlberg_VLM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Arma_Christi_1468_Wald_am_Arlberg_VLM.jpg/330px-Arma_Christi_1468_Wald_am_Arlberg_VLM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Arma_Christi_1468_Wald_am_Arlberg_VLM.jpg/440px-Arma_Christi_1468_Wald_am_Arlberg_VLM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="2244" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi">Arma Christi</a> on the back of an Austrian <a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">altarpiece</a> of 1468.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></div> <p>Most Christian denominations will read one or more narratives of the Passion during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>, especially on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the Catholic Church, a large cross depicting the crucified Christ is brought out into the church and each of the faithful come forward to <a href="/wiki/Venerate" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerate">venerate</a> the cross. Rather than having the Gospel read solely by the priest, whole congregations participate in the reading of the Passion Gospel during the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> Mass and the Good Friday service. These readings have the Priest read the part of Christ, a narrator read the narrative, other reader(s) reading the other speaking parts, and either the choir or the congregation reading the parts of crowds (i.e.: when the crowd shouts "Crucify Him! Crucify Him!").<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> of the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic Churches, the <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> service for Good Friday is called <i>Matins of the Twelve Passion Gospels</i>, and is notable for the interspersal of twelve readings from the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a> detailing chronologically the events of the Passion – from the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> to the burial in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Sepulchre">tomb</a> – during the course of the service. The first of these twelve readings is the longest Gospel reading of the entire <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">liturgical year</a>. In addition, every Wednesday and Friday throughout the year is dedicated in part to the commemoration of the Passion.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>/<a href="/wiki/Passion_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion Week">Passion Week</a> Congregations of the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Herrnhut" title="Herrnhut">Herrnhuter</a> Bruedergemeine) read the entire story of Jesus's final week from a Harmony of the Gospels prepared for that purpose since 1777. Daily meetings are held, some times two or three times a day, to follow the events of the day. During the course of the reading, the Congregation sings hymn verses to respond to the events of the text. </p><p>Most liturgical churches hold some form of commemoration of the Crucifixion on the afternoon of Good Friday. Sometimes, this will take the form of a <a href="/wiki/Vigil" title="Vigil">vigil</a> from noon to 3:00 pm, the approximate time that Jesus hung on the cross. Sometimes there will be a reenactment of the <a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Descent from the Cross</a>; for instance, at <a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a> in the Byzantine (Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic) tradition. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Carrying_the_Cross_1580.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Christ_Carrying_the_Cross_1580.jpg/220px-Christ_Carrying_the_Cross_1580.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Christ_Carrying_the_Cross_1580.jpg/330px-Christ_Carrying_the_Cross_1580.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Christ_Carrying_the_Cross_1580.jpg/440px-Christ_Carrying_the_Cross_1580.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1737" data-file-height="2429" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a>'s <i>Jesus Carrying the Cross</i>, 1580.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Devotions">Devotions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Devotions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several non-liturgical devotions have been developed by Christian faithful to commemorate the Passion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Stations_of_the_Cross">The Stations of the Cross</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Stations of the Cross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a></div> <p>The Stations of the Cross are a series of religious reflections describing or depicting <a href="/wiki/Christ_Carrying_the_Cross" title="Christ Carrying the Cross">Christ carrying the cross</a> to <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">his crucifixion</a>. Most Catholic churches, as well as many <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> parishes, contain Stations of the Cross, typically placed at intervals along the sidewalls of the <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a>; in most churches, they are small plaques with <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">reliefs</a> or paintings, although in others they may be simple crosses with a numeral in the center.<sup id="cite_ref-ChryssidesWilkins2014_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChryssidesWilkins2014-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMEC_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMEC-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tradition of moving around the Stations to commemorate the Passion of Christ began with <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> and extended throughout the Catholic Church in the medieval period. It is most commonly done during <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, especially on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, but it can be done on other days as well, especially Wednesdays and Fridays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Passion_Offices">The Passion Offices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Passion Offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Passion Offices were the special prayers said by various Catholic communities, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Passionist_fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Passionist fathers">Passionist fathers</a> to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion of Christ">Passion of Christ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Little_Office_of_the_Passion">The Little Office of the Passion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Little Office of the Passion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Little_Office_of_the_Passion" title="Little Office of the Passion">Little Office of the Passion</a></div> <p>Another devotion is the Little Office of the Passion created by <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> (1181/82–1226). He ordered this office around the medieval association of five specific moments in Jesus's Passion with specific hours of the day. Having then attributed these to hours of the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Divine Office</a>, he arrived at this schema:<sup id="cite_ref-Hugo_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Compline – 21:00 – Jesus's <a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Arrest</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a></li> <li>Matins – 00:00 – Jesus's <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_Trial_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus">Trial</a> before the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li>Prime – 06:00 – "an interlude celebrating Christ as the light of the new day"<sup id="cite_ref-Hugo_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Terce – 09:00 – Jesus's <a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilate's Court">Trial</a> before <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li>Sext – 12:00 – Jesus's <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li>None – 15:00 – Jesus's Death</li> <li>Vespers – 18:00 – "recalling and celebrating the entire daily cycle"<sup id="cite_ref-Hugo_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acts_of_reparation">Acts of reparation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Acts of reparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Catholic tradition includes specific prayers and devotions as "<a href="/wiki/Acts_of_reparation" title="Acts of reparation">acts of reparation</a>" for the sufferings and insults that Jesus endured during his Passion. These "<a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Reparation_to_Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts of Reparation to Jesus Christ">acts of reparation to Jesus Christ</a>" do not involve a petition for a living or deceased beneficiary, but aim to <i>repair the sins</i> against Jesus. Some such prayers are provided in the <a href="/wiki/Raccolta" title="Raccolta">Raccolta</a> Catholic prayer book (approved by a Decree of 1854, and published by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> in 1898) which also includes prayers as <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Reparation_to_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Acts of Reparation to the Virgin Mary">Acts of Reparation to the Virgin Mary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his encyclical <i><a href="/wiki/Miserentissimus_Redemptor" title="Miserentissimus Redemptor">Miserentissimus Redemptor</a></i> on reparations, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> called acts of reparation to Jesus Christ a duty for Catholics and referred to them as "some sort of compensation to be rendered for the injury" with respect to the sufferings of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> referred to acts of reparation as the "unceasing effort to stand beside the endless crosses on which the Son of God continues to be crucified".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_arts">In the arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In the arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_art">Visual art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Visual art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Passion of Jesus">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Normandie_Manche_Avranches3_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Normandie_Manche_Avranches3_tango7174.jpg/330px-Normandie_Manche_Avranches3_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Normandie_Manche_Avranches3_tango7174.jpg/495px-Normandie_Manche_Avranches3_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Normandie_Manche_Avranches3_tango7174.jpg/660px-Normandie_Manche_Avranches3_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="845" /></a><figcaption>A set of the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a> in painted <a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">enamel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Each episode of the Passion, such as the <a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation of Christ</a> or <a href="/wiki/Entombment_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Entombment of Christ">Entombment of Christ</a>, has been represented thousands of times and has developed its own <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconographic</a> tradition; the Crucifixion is much the most common and important of these subjects. The Passion is often covered by a cycle of depictions; <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">print</a> cycles were so popular that he produced three different versions. <a href="/wiki/Andachtsbilder" title="Andachtsbilder">Andachtsbilder</a> is a term for devotional subjects such as the <a href="/wiki/Man_of_Sorrows" title="Man of Sorrows">Man of Sorrows</a> or <a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0" title="Pietà">Pietà</a>, that may not precisely represent a moment in the Passion but are derived from the Passion story. The <i><a href="/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi">Arma Christi</a></i>, or "Instruments of the Passion" are the objects associated with Jesus's Passion, such as the cross, the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Thorns" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Thorns">Crown of Thorns</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">Spear of Longinus</a>. Each of the major Instruments has been supposedly recovered as <a href="/wiki/Relics_attributed_to_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics attributed to Jesus">relics</a> which have been an object of veneration among many Christians, and have been depicted in art. <a href="/wiki/Veronica%27s_Veil" class="mw-redirect" title="Veronica's Veil">Veronica's Veil</a> is also often counted among the Instruments of the Passion; like the <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sudarium_of_Oviedo" title="Sudarium of Oviedo">Sudarium of Oviedo</a> it is a cloth relic supposed to have touched Jesus. </p><p>In the Catholic Church, the Passion story is depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a> (<i>via crucis</i>, also translated more literally as "Way of the Cross"). These 14 stations depict the Passion from the sentencing by Pilate to the sealing of the tomb, or with the addition of a 15th, the resurrection. Since the 16th-century representations of them in various media have decorated the <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">naves</a> of most Catholic churches. The Way of the Cross is a devotion practiced by many people on Fridays throughout the year, most importantly on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>. This may be simply by going round the Stations in a church, or may involve large-scale re-enactments, as in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sacri_Monti_of_Piedmont_and_Lombardy" title="Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy">Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy</a> are similar schemes on a far larger scale than church Stations, with chapels containing large sculpted groups arranged in a hilly landscape; for <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrims</a> to tour the chapels typically takes several hours. They mostly date from the late 16th to the 17th century; most depict the Passion, others different subjects as well.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Passion of Jesus">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Passion_(music)" title="Passion (music)">Passion (music)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_John_the_Baptist_church_frescoes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/St_John_the_Baptist_church_frescoes.JPG/220px-St_John_the_Baptist_church_frescoes.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/St_John_the_Baptist_church_frescoes.JPG/330px-St_John_the_Baptist_church_frescoes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/St_John_the_Baptist_church_frescoes.JPG/440px-St_John_the_Baptist_church_frescoes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Fresco depicting the trial and beating of Jesus (17th century, <a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist_Church,_Yaroslavl" title="St. John the Baptist Church, Yaroslavl">St. John the Baptist Church, Yaroslavl</a>, Russia).</figcaption></figure> <p>The main traditional types of <a href="/wiki/Church_music" title="Church music">church music</a> sung during Holy Week are <a href="/wiki/Passion_(music)" title="Passion (music)">Passions</a>, musical settings of the Gospel narratives, both a Catholic and Lutheran tradition, and settings of the readings and responses from the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a> services, especially those of the <i><a href="/wiki/Lamentations_of_Jeremiah_the_Prophet" title="Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet">Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet</a></i>. The many settings of the <a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater" title="Stabat Mater">Stabat Mater</a> or <a href="/wiki/Musical_settings_of_sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Musical settings of sayings of Jesus on the cross">musical settings of sayings of Jesus on the cross</a> are also commonly performed. </p><p>The reading of the Passion section of one of the Gospels during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> dates back to the 4th century. It began to be intoned (rather than just spoken) in the Middle Ages, at least as early as the 8th century. Ninth-century manuscripts have "litterae significativae" indicating interpretive chant, and later manuscripts begin to specify exact notes to be sung. By the 13th century, different singers were used for different characters in the narrative, a practice which became fairly universal by the 15th century, when <a href="/wiki/Polyphonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic">polyphonic</a> settings of the <i>turba</i> passages began to appear also. (<i>Turba</i>, while literally meaning "crowd", is used in this case to mean any passage in which more than one person speaks simultaneously.) </p><p>In the later 15th century a number of new styles began to emerge: </p> <ul><li>Responsorial Passions set all of Christ's words and the turba parts polyphonically.</li> <li>Through-composed Passions were entirely polyphonic (also called <i>motet Passions</i>). <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Obrecht" title="Jacob Obrecht">Jacob Obrecht</a> wrote the earliest extant example of this type.</li> <li><i>Summa Passionis</i> settings were a synopsis of all four Gospels, including the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Last_Words" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Last Words">Seven Last Words</a> (a text later set by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Dubois" title="Théodore Dubois">Théodore Dubois</a>). These were discouraged for church use but circulated widely nonetheless.</li></ul> <p>In the 16th century, settings like these, and further developments, were created for the Catholic Church by <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Luis_de_Victoria" title="Tomás Luis de Victoria">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Byrd" title="William Byrd">William Byrd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Gallus" title="Jacobus Gallus">Jacobus Gallus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Guerrero_(composer)" title="Francisco Guerrero (composer)">Francisco Guerrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando_di_Lasso" title="Orlando di Lasso">Orlando di Lasso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cypriano_de_Rore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypriano de Rore">Cypriano de Rore</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Moscow-Kremlin_Museums_Exhibitions-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Russia-Moscow-Kremlin_Museums_Exhibitions-5.jpg/220px-Russia-Moscow-Kremlin_Museums_Exhibitions-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Russia-Moscow-Kremlin_Museums_Exhibitions-5.jpg/330px-Russia-Moscow-Kremlin_Museums_Exhibitions-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Russia-Moscow-Kremlin_Museums_Exhibitions-5.jpg/440px-Russia-Moscow-Kremlin_Museums_Exhibitions-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> of the Passion with scenes of the <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrdom</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">Twelve Apostles</a>, symbolizing how all are called to enter into the Passion (<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Kremlin">Moscow Kremlin</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> wrote, "The Passion of Christ should not be acted out in words and pretense, but in real life." Despite this, sung Passion performances were common in Lutheran churches right from the start, in both Latin and German, beginning as early as <a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare Sunday</a> (three weeks before Easter) and continuing through Holy Week. Luther's friend and collaborator Johann Walther wrote responsorial Passions which were used as models by Lutheran composers for centuries, and "<i>summa Passionis</i>" versions continued to circulate, despite Luther's express disapproval. </p><p>Later 16th-century passions included choral "<i>exordium</i>" (introduction) and "<i>conclusio</i>" sections with additional texts. In the 17th century came the development of <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a> passions which led to Johann Sebastian Bach's <a href="/wiki/Passions_(Bach)" title="Passions (Bach)">Passions</a>, accompanied by instruments, with interpolated texts (then called "madrigal" movements) such as <a href="/wiki/Sinfonia" title="Sinfonia">sinfonias</a>, other Scripture passages, Latin <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">motets</a>, chorale arias, and more. Such settings were created by <a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Gesius" title="Bartholomäus Gesius">Bartholomäus Gesius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Heinrich Schütz">Heinrich Schütz</a>. Thomas Strutz wrote a Passion (1664) with arias for Jesus himself, pointing to the standard <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Heinrich Schütz">Schütz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Carissimi" title="Giacomo Carissimi">Carissimi</a>, and others, although these composers seem to have thought that putting words in Jesus' mouth was beyond the pale. The practice of using <a href="/wiki/Recitative" title="Recitative">recitative</a> for the Evangelist (rather than plainsong) was a development of court composers in northern Germany and only crept into church compositions at the end of the 17th century. A famous musical reflection on the Passion is <a href="/wiki/Messiah_Part_II" title="Messiah Part II">Part II</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Messiah_(Handel)" title="Messiah (Handel)">Messiah</a></i>, an oratorio by <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a>, though the text here draws from Old Testament prophecies rather than from the gospels themselves. </p><p>The best known Protestant musical settings of the Passion are by Bach, who wrote <a href="/wiki/Passions_(Bach)" title="Passions (Bach)">several Passions</a>, of which two have survived completely, one based on the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> (the <i><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion" title="St John Passion">St John Passion</a></i>), the other on the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> (the <i><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew_Passion" title="St Matthew Passion">St Matthew Passion</a></i>). His <i><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion,_BWV_247" title="St Mark Passion, BWV 247">St Mark Passion</a></i> was reconstructed in various ways. The Passion continued to be very popular in Protestant Germany in the 18th century, with Bach's second son <a href="/wiki/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach" title="Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach">Carl Philipp Emanuel</a> composing <a href="/wiki/The_Passions_of_C.P.E._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="The Passions of C.P.E. Bach">over twenty settings.</a> <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_August_Homilius" title="Gottfried August Homilius">Gottfried August Homilius</a> composed at least one cantata Passion and four <a href="/wiki/Passions_(Homilius)" title="Passions (Homilius)">oratorio Passions</a> after all four Evangelists. Many of C. P. E. Bachs performances were in fact works by Homilius. </p><p>In the 19th century, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/John_Stainer" title="John Stainer">John Stainer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Crucifixion_(Stainer)" title="The Crucifixion (Stainer)">The Crucifixion</a></i> (1887), Passion settings were less popular, but in the 20th century they have again come into fashion. Two notable settings are the <i><a href="/wiki/St._Luke_Passion_(Penderecki)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Luke Passion (Penderecki)">St. Luke Passion</a></i> (1965) by <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> composer <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Penderecki" title="Krzysztof Penderecki">Krzysztof Penderecki</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Passio_(P%C3%A4rt)" title="Passio (Pärt)">Passio</a></i> (1982) by <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonian</a> composer <a href="/wiki/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt" title="Arvo Pärt">Arvo Pärt</a>. Recent examples include <i>The Passion According to St. Matthew</i> (1997), by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Alburger" title="Mark Alburger">Mark Alburger</a>, and <i>The Passion According to the Four Evangelists</i>, by Scott King. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar" title="Jesus Christ Superstar">Jesus Christ Superstar</a></i> (book and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Schwartz (composer)">Stephen Schwartz</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Godspell" title="Godspell">Godspell</a></i> both contain elements of the traditional passion accounts. </p><p>Choral meditations on aspects of the suffering of Jesus on the cross include arrangements such as Buxtehude's <i><a href="/wiki/Membra_Jesu_Nostri" title="Membra Jesu Nostri">Membra Jesu Nostri</a></i>, a 1680 set of seven <a href="/wiki/Passion_cantata" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion cantata">Passion cantatas</a>, and the first such Lutheran treatment, incorporating lyrics excerpted from a medieval Latin poem and featuring Old Testament verses that prefigure the Messiah as <a href="/wiki/Suffering_Servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffering Servant">suffering servant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drama_and_processions">Drama and processions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Drama and processions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Passion of Jesus">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuttgart_2009_040_(RaBoe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/170px-Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/255px-Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/340px-Stuttgart_2009_040_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Christian Easter passion <a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession">procession</a> in Stuttgart, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_010_Via_Dolorosa-_Walk_in_Jerusalem,_with_Jesus_Christ-Actor_and_Press.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/5_010_Via_Dolorosa-_Walk_in_Jerusalem%2C_with_Jesus_Christ-Actor_and_Press.jpg/170px-5_010_Via_Dolorosa-_Walk_in_Jerusalem%2C_with_Jesus_Christ-Actor_and_Press.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/5_010_Via_Dolorosa-_Walk_in_Jerusalem%2C_with_Jesus_Christ-Actor_and_Press.jpg/255px-5_010_Via_Dolorosa-_Walk_in_Jerusalem%2C_with_Jesus_Christ-Actor_and_Press.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/5_010_Via_Dolorosa-_Walk_in_Jerusalem%2C_with_Jesus_Christ-Actor_and_Press.jpg/340px-5_010_Via_Dolorosa-_Walk_in_Jerusalem%2C_with_Jesus_Christ-Actor_and_Press.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>Reenacting the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Gate" title="Lions' Gate">Lions' Gate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Non-musical settings of the Passion story are generally called <a href="/wiki/Passion_play" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion play">Passion plays</a>; these have been very widely performed in traditionally Catholic countries, often in churches as <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_drama" title="Liturgical drama">liturgical dramas</a> – for versions with musical settings, see the previous section. One famous cycle is performed at intervals at <a href="/wiki/Oberammergau" title="Oberammergau">Oberammergau</a> Germany, another in <a href="/wiki/Sordevolo" title="Sordevolo">Sordevolo</a> one of the most important in Italy, and another in the Brazilian state of <a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a> uses what is considered the <a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jerusalem theater">largest open-air theater</a> in the world. The Passion figures among the scenes in the English <a href="/wiki/Mystery_play" title="Mystery play">mystery plays</a> in more than one cycle of dramatic vignettes. In the <a href="/wiki/Chester_Mystery_Plays" title="Chester Mystery Plays">Chester Mystery Plays</a>' portrayal of Christ's Passion, specifically his humiliation before his sentence to crucifixion, the accounts of the Gospels concerning the physical violence visited on Jesus during his trial before the Sanhedrin, and the humiliating crowning of thorns visited upon him in Pilate's palace (or by Herod's soldiers, according to Luke), is further confused by showing both actions as being carried out by jeering Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Processions on <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> commonly re-enact to some degree the entry of Jesus to Jerusalem, traditional ones often using special wooden <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkeys</a> on wheels. <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain" title="Holy Week in Spain">Holy Week in Spain</a> retains more traditional public processions than other countries, with the most famous, in <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville" title="Holy Week in Seville">Seville</a>, featuring floats with carved tableaux showing scenes from the story. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Latin_America">In Latin America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: In Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Passion week many towns in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> have a representation of the passion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Spain">In Spain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Passion week many cities and towns in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> have a representation of the Passion. </p><p>Many Passion poems and prose text circulated in the fifteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a>, among which there were the first modern translations of earlier Latin Passion texts and <i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Christi" title="Vita Christi">Vitae Christi</a></i>, and also a popular <i>Monotessaron</i> or <i>Pasión de l'eterno principe Jesucristo</i> attributed to a pseudo-Gerson. It was most likely written by Thomas à Kempis, whose <i><a href="/wiki/The_Imitation_of_Christ#Criticisms" title="The Imitation of Christ">Imitation of Christ</a></i> mentions the Passion a few times, uniquely when talking about the Eucharist.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have also been a number of <a href="/wiki/Category:Film_portrayals_of_Jesus%27_death_and_resurrection" title="Category:Film portrayals of Jesus' death and resurrection">films telling the passion story</a>, with a prominent example being <a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a>'s 2004 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_the_Christ" title="The Passion of the Christ">The Passion of the Christ</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_traditions">Other traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Passion of Jesus">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The sons of Simon of Cyrene are named as if they might have been early Christian figures known to Mark's intended audience.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownFitzmyerMurphy1990628_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownFitzmyerMurphy1990628-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul</a> also lists a Rufus in <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=52&chapter=16&version=31">16:13</a>.</li> <li>Most garments of the region were made of woven strips of material that were about eight inches wide and included decorative braids from two to four inches (102 mm) wide. The garments could be disassembled and the strips of cloth were frequently recycled. A single garment might hold sections of many different dates. However, in Damascus and Bethlehem cloth was woven on wider looms, some Damascene being 40 inches (1,000 mm) wide. Traditional Bethlehem cloth is striped like pajama material.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would thus appear that Jesus's "<a href="/wiki/Seamless_robe_of_Jesus" title="Seamless robe of Jesus">seamless robe</a>" was made of cloth from either Bethlehem or Damascus.</li> <li>A tradition linked to <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a> of Jesus holds that <a href="/wiki/Saint_Veronica" title="Saint Veronica">Veronica</a> was a pious woman of Jerusalem who then gave <a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica" title="Veil of Veronica">her kerchief</a> to him to wipe his forehead. When he handed it back to her, the image of his face was miraculously impressed upon it.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Passion_of_Jesus_in_botany">Passion of Jesus in botany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Passion of Jesus in botany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passiflora_%C3%97_decaisneana_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Passiflora_%C3%97_decaisneana_2.JPG/150px-Passiflora_%C3%97_decaisneana_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Passiflora_%C3%97_decaisneana_2.JPG/225px-Passiflora_%C3%97_decaisneana_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Passiflora_%C3%97_decaisneana_2.JPG/300px-Passiflora_%C3%97_decaisneana_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Passiflora</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The tropical plant <a href="/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora">passiflora</a>, introduced to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> in the <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a>, got its name from the Jesuit F B Ferrari, who saw in its flower an emblem containing the instruments of the Passion of Christ. The 3 <a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">stigmas</a> represent three nails, a circle of <a href="/wiki/Perianth#Corona" title="Perianth">radial filaments</a> - a bloody <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">crown of thorns</a>, a stalk fruit grower - the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a>, five anthers - five wounds of the Savior, a three-bladed leaf - <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">holy Lance</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tendril" title="Tendril">tendrils</a> represent the <a href="/wiki/Whip" title="Whip">whips</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">flagellation of Christ</a>, attachments (antennae) - lashes, white - the Savior's innocence, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" 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href="/wiki/Christian_drama" title="Christian drama">Christian tragedy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Marchant, J. R. V., & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds.), Revised Edition, 1928, p.396</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921093246/https://www.bbc.co.uk/thepassion/articles/judas.shtml">"BBC - The Passion - Articles - Judas"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/thepassion/articles/judas.shtml">the original</a> on 2022-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+The+Passion+-+Articles+-+Judas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fthepassion%2Farticles%2Fjudas.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheingorn1995" class="citation book cs1">Sheingorn, Pamela (1 January 1995). <i>The Book of Sainte Foy</i>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1512-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1512-5"><bdi>0-8122-1512-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Sainte+Foy&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.isbn=0-8122-1512-5&rft.aulast=Sheingorn&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Puskas-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Puskas_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Puskas_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuskasRobbins2011" class="citation book cs1">Puskas, Charles B.; Robbins, C. Michael (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FYlJAwAAQBAJ"><i>An Introduction to the New Testament, Second Edition</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 122, 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62189-331-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62189-331-8"><bdi>978-1-62189-331-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407153810/https://books.google.com/books?id=FYlJAwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pages=122%2C+129&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-62189-331-8&rft.aulast=Puskas&rft.aufirst=Charles+B.&rft.au=Robbins%2C+C.+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFYlJAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedict_XVI2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI, Pope</a> (2011). "Chapter 8: Crucifixion and Burial of Jesus". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C9IwDwAAQBAJ"><i>Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week: From the Entrance Into Jerusalem To The Resurrection</i></a>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68149-276-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68149-276-6"><bdi>978-1-68149-276-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407153804/https://books.google.com/books?id=C9IwDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%3A+Crucifixion+and+Burial+of+Jesus&rft.btitle=Jesus+of+Nazareth%3A+Holy+Week%3A+From+the+Entrance+Into+Jerusalem+To+The+Resurrection&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-68149-276-6&rft.aulast=Benedict+XVI&rft.aufirst=Pope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC9IwDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsonRichardson2014" class="citation book cs1">Matson, David Lertis; Richardson, K.C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KTtgBQAAQBAJ"><i>One in Christ Jesus: Essays on Early Christianity and "All That Jazz," in Honor of S. Scott Bartchy</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publisher. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62564-174-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62564-174-8"><bdi>978-1-62564-174-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407153811/https://books.google.com/books?id=KTtgBQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+in+Christ+Jesus%3A+Essays+on+Early+Christianity+and+%22All+That+Jazz%2C%22+in+Honor+of+S.+Scott+Bartchy&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publisher&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-62564-174-8&rft.aulast=Matson&rft.aufirst=David+Lertis&rft.au=Richardson%2C+K.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKTtgBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aland-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aland_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlandAland1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Aland" title="Kurt Aland">Aland, Kurt</a>; <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Aland" title="Barbara Aland">Aland, Barbara</a> (1995). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt"><i>The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism</i></a></span>. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt/page/n332">310</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4098-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4098-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-4098-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+the+New+Testament%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Critical+Editions+and+to+the+Theory+and+Practice+of+Modern+Textual+Criticism&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pages=310&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1&rft.aulast=Aland&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.au=Aland%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftextnewtestament00kurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Bruce M. Metzger</a>, <i>The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 2005), p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D._Ehrman" title="Bart D. Ehrman">Bart D. Ehrman</a>, <i>The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 1993), pp. 187–194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2018:3&version=nrsv">John 18:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:52&version=nrsv">Luke 22:52</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2026:48&version=nrsv">Matthew 26:48</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2014:43&version=nrsv">Mark 14:43</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:63&version=nrsv">Luke 22:63</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2018:22&version=nrsv">John 18:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2026:67&version=nrsv">Matthew 26:67</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%2023:8–12">Luke 23:8–12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bar-abbas means <i>son of Abbas</i>, the Lord. Some manuscripts of Matthew say "Jesus Barabbas", suggesting that an early version of the story contrasted the fate of two men both named Jesus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2027:25&version=nrsv">Matthew 27:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The meaning of Golgotha is "place of a skull."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke%2023:26-23:26&version=9">"Bible gateway Luke 23:26"</a>. Biblegateway.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407153822/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke%2023:26-23:26&version=KJV">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bible+gateway+Luke+23%3A26&rft.pub=Biblegateway.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3Dluke%252023%3A26-23%3A26%26version%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The original Greek of the Gospels reads Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ Bασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark reports Jesus says <i>Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?</i> in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>; Matthew reports <i>Eli, Eli....</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2027&version=nrsv">Matthew 27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1994">Miller 1994</a>, p. 403. This is the passage that was condemned as possibly leading to <a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetism</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_403-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_403_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_403_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1994">Miller 1994</a>, p. 403</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaston1917" class="citation journal cs1">Easton, Burton Scott (1917). Husband, Richard Wellington (ed.). "The Trial of Jesus". <i>The American Journal of Theology</i>. <b>21</b> (3): 462–464. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F479863">10.1086/479863</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1550-3283">1550-3283</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3155531">3155531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Theology&rft.atitle=The+Trial+of+Jesus&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=462-464&rft.date=1917&rft.issn=1550-3283&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3155531%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F479863&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Burton+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024060904/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/how-did-jesus-final-days-unfold-scholars-are-still-debating">"How did Jesus' final days unfold? Scholars are still debating"</a>. <i>History</i>. 2022-04-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/how-did-jesus-final-days-unfold-scholars-are-still-debating">the original</a> on 2022-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=How+did+Jesus%27+final+days+unfold%3F+Scholars+are+still+debating&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-magazine%2Farticle%2Fhow-did-jesus-final-days-unfold-scholars-are-still-debating&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilken2021" class="citation book cs1">Wilken, Robert L. (2021). <i>Isaiah: Interpreted by Early Christian and Medieval Commentators (The Church's Bible)</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN+Global+Catholic+Television+Network&rft.atitle=The+Prophecy+of+Isaias+%7C+EWTN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fcatholicism%2Flibrary%2Fprophecy-of-isaias-12347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckler1938" class="citation journal cs1">Buckler, F. W. (1938). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Eli, Eli, Lama Sabachthani?'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures</i>. <b>55</b> (4): 378–391. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Famerjsemilanglit.55.4.3088119">10.1086/amerjsemilanglit.55.4.3088119</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1062-0516">1062-0516</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3088119">3088119</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170741787">170741787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Semitic+Languages+and+Literatures&rft.atitle=%27Eli%2C+Eli%2C+Lama+Sabachthani%3F%27&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=378-391&rft.date=1938&rft.issn=1062-0516&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170741787%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3088119%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2Famerjsemilanglit.55.4.3088119&rft.aulast=Buckler&rft.aufirst=F.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/wisdom-of-solomon-12472">"Wisdom of Solomon | EWTN"</a>. <i>EWTN Global Catholic Television Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024060908/https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/wisdom-of-solomon-12472">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN+Global+Catholic+Television+Network&rft.atitle=Wisdom+of+Solomon+%7C+EWTN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fcatholicism%2Flibrary%2Fwisdom-of-solomon-12472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMost" class="citation web cs1">Most, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/messianic-prophecies-lectures-12401">"Messianic Prophecies Lectures | EWTN"</a>. <i>EWTN Global Catholic Television Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024060909/https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/messianic-prophecies-lectures-12401">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN+Global+Catholic+Television+Network&rft.atitle=Messianic+Prophecies+Lectures+%7C+EWTN&rft.aulast=Most&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fcatholicism%2Flibrary%2Fmessianic-prophecies-lectures-12401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Today's Missal: Holy Week – Pentecost, March 14 – May 17, 2008, Oregon Catholic Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokolof1962" class="citation book cs1">Sokolof, <a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">Archpriest</a> D. (1962). <i>A Manual of the Orthodox Church's Divine Services</i>. 3rd printing (re-edited). <a href="/wiki/Jordanville,_N.Y." class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanville, N.Y.">Jordanville, N.Y.</a>: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Monastery_(Jordanville,_New_York)" title="Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)">Holy Trinity Monastery</a> (published 2001). p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+the+Orthodox+Church%27s+Divine+Services&rft.place=Jordanville%2C+N.Y.&rft.series=3rd+printing+%28re-edited%29&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Holy+Trinity+Monastery&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Sokolof&rft.aufirst=Archpriest+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChryssidesWilkins2014-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChryssidesWilkins2014_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChryssidesWilkins2014" class="citation book cs1">Chryssides, George D.; Wilkins, Margaret Z. (11 September 2014). <i>Christians in the Twenty-First Century</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-54557-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-54557-6"><bdi>978-1-317-54557-6</bdi></a>. <q>Most churches in the Roman Catholic, High Anglican and Lutheran traditions have the stations of the cross displayed pictorially or in bas-relief form around their interior walls, and thus the stations can be used locally for devotion, without the necessity of visiting a place of pilgrimage.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christians+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014-09-11&rft.isbn=978-1-317-54557-6&rft.aulast=Chryssides&rft.aufirst=George+D.&rft.au=Wilkins%2C+Margaret+Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMEC-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMEC_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150217004848/http://st-michaels-episcopal.org/episcopalian-beliefs/stations-of-the-cross/">"Stations of the Cross"</a>. St. Michael's Episcopal Church. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://st-michaels-episcopal.org/episcopalian-beliefs/stations-of-the-cross/">the original</a> on 17 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2015</span>. <q>Eventually fixed at fourteen, the Stations soon became a familiar feature in Catholic; Lutheran, Anglican, and Methodist churches. The object of the Stations is to help the faithful to make a spiritual pilgrimage of prayer, by meditating upon the chief scenes of Christ's sufferings and death, and is often performed in a spirit of reparation for the sufferings and insults that Jesus endured during His Passion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stations+of+the+Cross&rft.pub=St.+Michael%27s+Episcopal+Church&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fst-michaels-episcopal.org%2Fepiscopalian-beliefs%2Fstations-of-the-cross%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Passion Offices"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Passion_Offices">"Passion Offices" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Passion+Offices&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hugo-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hugo_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hugo_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hugo_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHugo2011">Hugo 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlater1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Slater, T. (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12775a.htm">"Reparation"</a>. <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190829184715/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12775a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2019</span> – via New Advent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reparation&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F12775a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelany1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Delany, F. X. (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12620a.htm">"Raccolta"</a>. <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607020201/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12620a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2019</span> – via New Advent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Raccolta&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Delany&rft.aufirst=F.+X.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F12620a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph P. Christopher et al., 2003 <i>The Raccolta</i> St Athanasius Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9706526-6-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9706526-6-9">978-0-9706526-6-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ann Ball, 2003 <i>Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices </i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87973-910-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87973-910-X">0-87973-910-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Miserentissimus_Redemptor" title="Miserentissimus Redemptor">Miserentissimus Redemptor</a> Encyclical of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_08051928_miserentissimus-redemptor_en.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812031528/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_08051928_miserentissimus-redemptor_en.html">Archived</a> 2014-08-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/letters/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_20001021_riparatrici.html">"Letter Of The Holy Father John Paul II To Cardinal Fiorenzo Angelini For The 50th Anniversary Of The Benedictine Sisters Of Reparation Of The Holy Face"</a>. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 27 September 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306164452/https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/letters/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_20001021_riparatrici.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+Of+The+Holy+Father+John+Paul+II+To+Cardinal+Fiorenzo+Angelini+For+The+50th+Anniversary+Of+The+Benedictine+Sisters+Of+Reparation+Of+The+Holy+Face&rft.pub=Libreria+Editrice+Vaticana&rft.date=2000-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fjohn-paul-ii%2Fen%2Fletters%2F2000%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_let_20001021_riparatrici.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/passion-as-christian-artwork-4189">"The Passion as Christian Artwork | EWTN"</a>. <i>EWTN Global Catholic Television Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024060906/https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/passion-as-christian-artwork-4189">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN+Global+Catholic+Television+Network&rft.atitle=The+Passion+as+Christian+Artwork+%7C+EWTN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fcatholicism%2Flibrary%2Fpassion-as-christian-artwork-4189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314010356/http://www.umm.maine.edu/faculty/necastro/drama/chester/play_16.html">"The Chester Cycle Play XVI (16) – The Passion of Christ – Annas and Caiphas"</a>. From Stage to Page. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umm.maine.edu/faculty/necastro/drama/chester/play_16.html">the original</a> on 2012-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chester+Cycle+Play+XVI+%2816%29+%E2%80%93+The+Passion+of+Christ+%E2%80%93+Annas+and+Caiphas&rft.pub=From+Stage+to+Page&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umm.maine.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fnecastro%2Fdrama%2Fchester%2Fplay_16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Delbrugge2011" class="citation book cs1">Laura Delbrugge (3 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yOF5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46"><i>A scholarly edition of Andrés de Li's Thesoro de la passion (1494)</i></a>. Medieval and early modern Iberian world. Vol. 41. Boston: Brill. pp. 46–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20120-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20120-0"><bdi>978-90-04-20120-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/884810931">884810931</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190728112916/https://books.google.it/books?id=yOF5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46&dq=%22circulated+in+both+Latin+and+vernacular+translations%22&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-i4KbwdfjAhWCaVAKHUPbCi4Q6AEIKzAA%23v=onepage&q=%22circulated%20in%20both%20Latin%20and%20vernacular%20translations%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+scholarly+edition+of+Andr%C3%A9s+de+Li%27s+Thesoro+de+la+passion+%281494%29&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=Medieval+and+early+modern+Iberian+world&rft.pages=46-47&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011-02-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F884810931&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20120-0&rft.au=Laura+Delbrugge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyOF5DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownFitzmyerMurphy1990628-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownFitzmyerMurphy1990628_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrownFitzmyerMurphy1990">Brown, Fitzmyer & Murphy 1990</a>, p. 628.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Powerhouse Museum, Sydney, exhibition notes</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЧуб_В.Лезина_К.2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Чуб В.; Лезина К. (2000). <bdi lang="ru">Комнатные растения</bdi>. Moscow: ЭКСМО-Пресс. p. 275.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=%D0%AD%D0%9A%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%9E-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81&rft.date=2000&rft.au=%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B1+%D0%92.&rft.au=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_L._Hammer2015" class="citation book cs1">Roger L. Hammer (6 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-S0aBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA206"><i>Everglades Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Historic Everglades, including Big Cypress, Corkscrew, and Fakahatchee Swamps</i></a>. Falcon Guides. pp. 206–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-1459-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-1459-0"><bdi>978-1-4930-1459-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everglades+Wildflowers%3A+A+Field+Guide+to+Wildflowers+of+the+Historic+Everglades%2C+including+Big+Cypress%2C+Corkscrew%2C+and+Fakahatchee+Swamps&rft.pages=206-&rft.pub=Falcon+Guides&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4930-1459-0&rft.au=Roger+L.+Hammer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-S0aBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1997" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Raymond E. (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontone00brow_0"><i>An Introduction to the New Testament</i></a></span>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-24767-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-24767-2"><bdi>0-385-24767-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-385-24767-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontone00brow_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownFitzmyerMurphy1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Brown, Raymond E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fitzmyer" title="Joseph Fitzmyer">Fitzmyer, Joseph A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roland_E._Murphy" title="Roland E. Murphy">Murphy, Roland E.</a>, eds. (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newjeromebiblica0000unse/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>The New Jerome Biblical Commentary</i></a></span>. Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-614934-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-614934-0"><bdi>0-13-614934-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Jerome+Biblical+Commentary&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-13-614934-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewjeromebiblica0000unse%2Fpage%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugo2011" class="citation book cs1">Hugo, William R. (2011). <i>Studying the Life of Saint Francis of Assisi: A Beginner's Workbook</i>. New City Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56-548397-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56-548397-2"><bdi>978-1-56-548397-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studying+the+Life+of+Saint+Francis+of+Assisi%3A+A+Beginner%27s+Workbook&rft.pub=New+City+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-56-548397-2&rft.aulast=Hugo&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilgallen1989" class="citation book cs1">Kilgallen, John J. (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefcommentaryo00kilg"><i>A Brief Commentary on the Gospel of Mark</i></a></span>. Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8091-3059-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8091-3059-9"><bdi>0-8091-3059-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Commentary+on+the+Gospel+of+Mark&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-8091-3059-9&rft.aulast=Kilgallen&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefcommentaryo00kilg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1994" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Robert J., ed. (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completegospels00robe"><i>The Complete Gospels</i></a></span>. Polebridge Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-065587-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-065587-9"><bdi>0-06-065587-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Gospels&rft.pub=Polebridge+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-06-065587-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletegospels00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassion+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passion_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Passion_of_Jesus_Christ" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Passion of Jesus Christ">Passion of Jesus Christ</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible-researcher.com/parallels3.html#sect16">Gospel parallels citing verses for each Passion incident</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040814055505/http://slate.msn.com/id/2096041/">MSN article – "Why is it called the Passion?"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblical-art.com/biblicalsubject2.asp?id_biblicalsubject=405">"Passion" at Biblical Art</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514040126/http://www.biblical-art.com/biblicalsubject2.asp?id_biblicalsubject=405">Archived</a> 2013-05-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MuNbmoT4So">"Chanting of the Passion Narrative according to Saint John"</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus_footer" title="Template talk:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jesus" title="Outline of Jesus">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesus-related_topics" title="List of Jesus-related topics">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Jesus's life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Easter_and_its_cycle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easter_cycle" title="Easter cycle">its cycle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shrovetide" title="Shrovetide">Shrovetide</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Monday" title="Shrove Monday">Shrove Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastelavn" title="Fastelavn">Fastelavn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslenitsa" title="Maslenitsa">Maslenitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Lent proper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sunday_of_Lent" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sunday of Lent">First Sunday of Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Ember days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare Sunday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mothering_Sunday" title="Mothering Sunday">Mothering Sunday</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lenten_veil" title="Lenten veil">Lenten veil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenten_shrouds" title="Lenten shrouds">Lenten shrouds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_of_Sorrows" title="Friday of Sorrows">Friday of Sorrows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Regina_caelorum" title="Ave Regina caelorum">Ave Regina caelorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(music)" title="Passion (music)">Passion (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Passion_hymns" title="List of Passion hymns">Passion hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater" title="Stabat Mater">Stabat Mater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Ferias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Monday" title="Holy Monday">Holy Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Tuesday" title="Holy Tuesday">Holy Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Holy Wednesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Maundy Thursday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crotalus_(instrument)" title="Crotalus (instrument)">Crotalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper_in_Christian_art" title="Last Supper in Christian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripping_of_the_Altar" title="Stripping of the Altar">Stripping of the Altar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passion of Jesus</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi">Arma Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Descent from the Cross</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamentation_of_Christ" title="Lamentation of Christ">Lamentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_(liturgical)" title="Epitaphios (liturgical)">Epitaphios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_Thrinos" title="Epitaphios Thrinos">Encomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0" title="Pietà">Pietà</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sepulchre" title="Easter Sepulchre">Easter Sepulchre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer" title="Good Friday prayer">Good Friday prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer_for_the_Jews" title="Good Friday prayer for the Jews">for the Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorzkie_%C5%BCale" title="Gorzkie żale">Gorzkie żale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99conka" title="Święconka">Święconka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Fire" title="Holy Fire">Holy Fire</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumen_Christi" title="Lumen Christi">Lumen Christi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exsultet" title="Exsultet">Exsultet</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Christian_Initiation_of_Adults" class="mw-redirect" title="Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults">Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Judas" title="Burning of Judas">Burning of Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">Processions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Colombia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Popay%C3%A1n" title="Holy Week in Popayán">Popayán</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_processions_in_Guatemala" title="Holy Week processions in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Barcellona_Pozzo_di_Gotto" title="Holy Week in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto">Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Ruvo_di_Puglia" title="Holy Week in Ruvo di Puglia">Ruvo di Puglia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Week in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Mexico" title="Holy Week in Mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Taxco" title="Holy Week in Taxco">Taxco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_the_Philippines" title="Holy Week in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Braga" title="Holy Week in Braga">Braga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain" title="Holy Week in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Cuenca" title="Holy Week in Cuenca">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_M%C3%A1laga" title="Holy Week in Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Salamanca" title="Holy Week in Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="Holy Week in San Cristóbal de La Laguna">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Santa_Cruz_de_La_Palma" title="Holy Week in Santa Cruz de La Palma">Santa Cruz de La Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville" title="Holy Week in Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Valladolid" title="Holy Week in Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Viveiro" title="Holy Week in Viveiro">Viveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Zamora" title="Holy Week in Zamora">Zamora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Day" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art">Art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Road to Emmaus">Road to Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_service" title="Sunrise service">Sunrise service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">Date</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_for_Easter" title="List of dates for Easter">List of dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_Easter" title="Date of Easter">Calculation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Liturgical features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostarion" title="Pentecostarion">Pentecostarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_trikirion" title="Paschal trikirion">Trikirion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bright_Week" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Bright_Week" title="Bright Week">Bright Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Amigus-dyngus" title="Śmigus-dyngus">Śmigus-dyngus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_whip" title="Easter whip">Easter whip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Tuesday" title="Easter Tuesday">Easter Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Wednesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Wednesday">Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Thursday">Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Friday" title="Easter Friday">Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Saturday" title="Easter Saturday">Saturday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Second Sunday of Easter">Second Sunday of Easter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radonitsa" title="Radonitsa">Radonitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Third Sunday of Easter">Third Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fourth Sunday of Easter">Fourth Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Pentecost" title="Mid-Pentecost">Mid-Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sunday_of_Easter" title="Fifth Sunday of Easter">Fifth Sunday of Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Ascensiontide" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascensiontide">Ascensiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Ascension of Jesus in Christian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Feast of the Ascension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenacle" title="Cenacle">Cenacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">Novena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias the Apostle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_traditions" title="Easter traditions">Traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_basket" title="Easter basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_bonnet" title="Easter bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bunny" title="Easter Bunny">Bunny</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bilby" title="Easter Bilby">Bilby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_seals_(philately)" title="Easter seals (philately)">Easter seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_food" title="Easter food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Greeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_Egg_play" title="Pace Egg play">Pace Egg play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_postcard" title="Easter postcard">Postcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouketopolemos" title="Rouketopolemos">Rouketopolemos</a></li> <li>Saitopolemos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoppio_del_carro" title="Scoppio del carro">Scoppio del carro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg" title="Easter egg">Easter eggs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_dance" title="Egg dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating" title="Egg decorating">Decorating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating_in_Slavic_culture" title="Egg decorating in Slavic culture">in Slavic culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_rolling" title="Egg rolling">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_hunt" title="Egg hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterbrunnen" title="Osterbrunnen">Osterbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tapping" title="Egg tapping">Tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_tree" title="Easter egg tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tossing" title="Egg tossing">Tossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pisanica_(Croatian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisanica (Croatian)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisanka_(Polish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisanka (Polish)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasika" title="Fasika">Ethiopia and Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Italy" title="Easter in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Latvia" title="Easter in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_in_Poland" title="Easter in Poland">Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Pre-Christian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ēostre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Easter_Oratorio" title="Easter Oratorio">Easter Oratorio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Will_Mention_the_Loving-kindnesses" title="I Will Mention the Loving-kindnesses">I Will Mention the Loving-kindnesses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Easter_Festival_Overture" title="Russian Easter Festival Overture">Russian Easter Festival Overture</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Easter_Festival" title="Salzburg Easter Festival">Salzburg Easter Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Liturgical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Regina_caeli" title="Regina caeli">Regina caeli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimae_paschali_laudes" title="Victimae paschali laudes">Victimae paschali laudes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Cantatas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleib_bei_uns,_denn_es_will_Abend_werden,_BWV_6" title="Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden, BWV 6"><i>Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden</i>, BWV 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_lag_in_Todes_Banden,_BWV_4" title="Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4"><i>Christ lag in Todes Banden</i>, BWV 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Friede_sei_mit_dir,_BWV_158" title="Der Friede sei mit dir, BWV 158"><i>Der Friede sei mit dir</i>, BWV 158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Himmel_lacht!_Die_Erde_jubilieret,_BWV_31" title="Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret, BWV 31"><i>Der Himmel lacht! Die Erde jubilieret</i>, BWV 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Herz,_das_seinen_Jesum_lebend_wei%C3%9F,_BWV_134" title="Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß, BWV 134"><i>Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß</i>, BWV 134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfreut_euch,_ihr_Herzen,_BWV_66" title="Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen, BWV 66"><i>Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen</i>, BWV 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ich_lebe,_mein_Herze,_zu_deinem_Erg%C3%B6tzen,_BWV_145" title="Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen, BWV 145"><i>Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen</i>, BWV 145</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_hymns" title="List of Easter hymns">Hymns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_Lord_Is_Risen_Today" title="Christ the Lord Is Risen Today">Christ the Lord Is Risen Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Is_Risen_Today" title="Jesus Christ Is Risen Today">Jesus Christ Is Risen Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_filii_et_filiae" title="O filii et filiae">O filii et filiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strife_is_O%27er,_the_Battle_Done" title="The Strife is O'er, the Battle Done">The Strife is O'er, the Battle Done</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Choral music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surrexit_a_mortuis" title="Surrexit a mortuis">Surrexit a mortuis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Film and TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_films" title="List of Easter films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_television_episodes" title="List of Easter television episodes">Television episodes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Season" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Pentecost_season" title="Pentecost season">Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Octave" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Pentecost" class="mw-redirect" title="Octave of Pentecost">Octave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitsun" title="Whitsun">Whitsun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Monday" title="Whit Monday">Whit Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Tuesday" title="Whit Tuesday">Whit Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Ember days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_Priest" title="Feast of Christ the Priest">Feast of Christ the Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Feast of Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Feast of the Sacred Heart">Feast of the Sacred Heart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Matthew" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Template:Gospel of Matthew"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Template talk:Gospel of Matthew"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Matthew"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Matthew" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Matthew_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of Matthew chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1" title="Matthew 1">Matthew 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_2" title="Matthew 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_3" title="Matthew 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_4" title="Matthew 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_5" title="Matthew 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_6" title="Matthew 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_7" title="Matthew 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_8" title="Matthew 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_9" title="Matthew 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_10" title="Matthew 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_11" title="Matthew 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_12" title="Matthew 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_13" title="Matthew 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_14" title="Matthew 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_15" title="Matthew 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_16" title="Matthew 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_17" title="Matthew 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_18" title="Matthew 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_19" title="Matthew 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_20" title="Matthew 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_21" title="Matthew 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_22" title="Matthew 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_23" title="Matthew 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_24" title="Matthew 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_25" title="Matthew 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_26" title="Matthew 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_27" title="Matthew 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_28" title="Matthew 28">28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Matthew_verses" title="Category:Gospel of Matthew verses">Verses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_1" title="Category:Matthew 1">Matthew 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_2" title="Category:Matthew 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_3" title="Category:Matthew 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_4" title="Category:Matthew 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_5" title="Category:Matthew 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_6" title="Category:Matthew 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_7" title="Category:Matthew 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_8" title="Category:Matthew 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_9" title="Category:Matthew 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_10" title="Category:Matthew 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_11" title="Category:Matthew 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_12" title="Category:Matthew 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_14" title="Category:Matthew 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_15" title="Category:Matthew 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_16:2b%E2%80%933" title="Matthew 16:2b–3">16:2b–3</a>,<a href="/wiki/Matthew_16:19" title="Matthew 16:19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_27" title="Category:Matthew 27">27:1–12; 52–66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_28" title="Category:Matthew 28">28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events<br />and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Jesus' birth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_family_of_Jesus_to_Nazareth" title="Return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth">Return to Nazareth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_heaven_(Gospel_of_Matthew)" title="Kingdom of heaven (Gospel of Matthew)">Kingdom of heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_Jesus_to_Galilee" title="Return of Jesus to Galilee">Galilean ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishers_of_men" title="Fishers of men">Fishers of men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo#Eastern_Christianity" title="Ecce homo">Behold the bridegroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_preaches_in_a_ship" title="Jesus preaches in a ship">Jesus preaches in a ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the multitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins">Ten Virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Groups</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_source" title="M source">M source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Matthew">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_hypothesis" title="Augustinian hypothesis">Augustinian hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two-gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthean_Posteriority_hypothesis" title="Matthean Posteriority hypothesis">Matthean Posteriority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">Calling of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_heaven_(Gospel_of_Matthew)" title="Kingdom of heaven (Gospel of Matthew)">Kingdom of heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel" title="Immanuel">Immanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Pseudo-Matthew" title="Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew">Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_translations_of_Matthew" title="Rabbinical translations of Matthew">Rabbinical translations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shem_Tob%27s_Hebrew_Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Shem Tob's Hebrew Gospel of Matthew">Shem Tob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith%E2%80%93Matthew" title="Joseph Smith–Matthew">Joseph Smith–Matthew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew_Passion" title="St Matthew Passion">St Matthew Passion</a></i> (Bach, 1727/29) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew_Passion_structure" title="St Matthew Passion structure">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">The Gospel According to St. Matthew</a></i> (1964 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Godspell" title="Godspell">Godspell</a></i> (1971 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Godspell_(film)" title="Godspell (film)">Godspell</a></i> (1973 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visual_Bible:_Matthew" title="The Visual Bible: Matthew">The Visual Bible: Matthew</a></i> (1993 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_1" title="Papyrus 1">Papyrus 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_19" title="Papyrus 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_21" title="Papyrus 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_25" title="Papyrus 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_35" title="Papyrus 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_37" title="Papyrus 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_44" title="Papyrus 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_53" title="Papyrus 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_62" title="Papyrus 62">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_70" title="Papyrus 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_71" title="Papyrus 71">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_73" title="Papyrus 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_77" title="Papyrus 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_83" title="Papyrus 83">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_86" title="Papyrus 86">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_96" title="Papyrus 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_101" title="Papyrus 101">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_102" title="Papyrus 102">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_103" title="Papyrus 103">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_104" title="Papyrus 104">104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_105" title="Papyrus 105">105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_110" title="Papyrus 110">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_papyrus" title="Magdalen papyrus">Magdalen papyrus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Ματθαίον">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Matthaeus" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Matthaeus">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Matthew">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Matthew">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Matthew">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Mark" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Mark" title="Template:Gospel of Mark"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Mark" title="Template talk:Gospel of Mark"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Mark" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Mark"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Mark" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_1" title="Mark 1">Mark 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_2" title="Mark 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_3" title="Mark 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_4" title="Mark 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_5" title="Mark 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_6" title="Mark 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_7" title="Mark 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_8" title="Mark 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_9" title="Mark 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_10" title="Mark 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_11" title="Mark 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_12" title="Mark 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_13" title="Mark 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_14" title="Mark 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_15" title="Mark 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_16" title="Mark 16">16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_Jesus_to_Galilee" title="Return of Jesus to Galilee">Galilean ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Growing_Seed" title="Parable of the Growing Seed">Parable of the Growing Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the multitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_cleansing_a_leper" title="Jesus cleansing a leper">Cleansing a leper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Entombment/Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naked_fugitive" title="Naked fugitive">Naked fugitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings of Jesus on the cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_James" title="Mary, mother of James">Mary, mother of James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_(biblical_figure)" title="Rufus (biblical figure)">Rufus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(disciple)" title="Salome (disciple)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmanutha" title="Dalmanutha">Dalmanutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark the Evangelist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Mark" title="John Mark">John Mark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Mark">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcan_priority" title="Marcan priority">Marcan priority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-source_hypothesis" title="Two-source hypothesis">two-source hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-source_hypothesis" title="Three-source hypothesis">three-source hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertextual_production_of_the_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Intertextual production of the Gospel of Mark">Intertextual production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Secret" title="Messianic Secret">Messianic Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Secret Gospel of Mark">Secret Gospel of Mark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion_(attributed_to_Keiser)" title="St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser)"><i>St Mark Passion</i> (attributed to Keiser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion,_BWV_247" title="St Mark Passion, BWV 247"><i>St Mark Passion</i>, BWV 247 (J. S. Bach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pasi%C3%B3n_seg%C3%BAn_San_Marcos_(Golijov)" title="La Pasión según San Marcos (Golijov)"><i>La Pasión según San Marcos</i> (Golijov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion_(N._Matthes)" title="St Mark Passion (N. Matthes)"><i>St Mark Passion </i>(N. Matthes)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">Papyrus 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_84" title="Papyrus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_88" title="Papyrus 88">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_137" title="Papyrus 137">137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayyum_Fragment" title="Fayyum Fragment">Fayyum Fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuscule_2427" title="Minuscule 2427">Minuscule 2427 <i>(forgery)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7Q5" title="7Q5">7Q5 <i>(disputed)</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Μάρκον">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Marcus" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Marcus">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Mark">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Mark">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Mark">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Luke" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template talk:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Luke" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Luke_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of Luke chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_1" title="Luke 1">Luke 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_2" title="Luke 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_3" title="Luke 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_4" title="Luke 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_5" title="Luke 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_6" title="Luke 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_7" title="Luke 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_8" title="Luke 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_9" title="Luke 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_10" title="Luke 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_11" title="Luke 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_12" title="Luke 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_13" title="Luke 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_14" title="Luke 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_15" title="Luke 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_16" title="Luke 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_17" title="Luke 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_18" title="Luke 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_19" title="Luke 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_20" title="Luke 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_21" title="Luke 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22" title="Luke 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_23" title="Luke 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_24" title="Luke 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Verses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22:43%E2%80%9344" title="Luke 22:43–44">Luke 22:43–44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation to Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Elizabeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">and the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">John the Baptist's Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Quirinius" title="Census of Quirinius">Census of Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Jesus' Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_of_Jesus" title="Circumcision of Jesus">Circumcision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation at the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">Finding in the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">Calling of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_the_cost" title="Counting the cost">Counting the cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son">Prodigal son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishers_of_men" title="Fishers of men">Fishers of men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wine_into_Old_Wineskins" title="New Wine into Old Wineskins">New Wine into Old Wineskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunc_dimittis" title="Nunc dimittis">Nunc dimittis (Song of Simeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Steward" title="Parable of the Unjust Steward">Parable of the Unjust Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Rich man and Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_four_woes_of_Jesus" title="The four woes of Jesus">The four woes of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abijah" title="Abijah">Abijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysanias" title="Lysanias">Lysanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_of_Bethany" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha of Bethany">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naaman" title="Naaman">Naaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip (apostle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip (tetrarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius Caesar">Tiberius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene_(biblical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abilene (biblical)">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_(biblical_village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethany (biblical village)">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmaus" title="Emmaus">Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iturea" title="Iturea">Iturea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachonitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Trachonitis">Trachonitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship of Luke–Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two-gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_school_hypothesis" title="Jerusalem school hypothesis">Jerusalem school hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Luke">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Gospel of Marcion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jiizas:_di_Buk_We_Luuk_Rait_bout_Im" title="Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im">Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion,_BWV_246" title="St Luke Passion, BWV 246"><i>St Luke Passion</i>, BWV 246</a> (1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion_(Penderecki)" title="St Luke Passion (Penderecki)"><i>St Luke Passion</i></a> (Penderecki, 1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_(1979_film)" title="Jesus (1979 film)">Jesus</a></i> (1979 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witness:_Five_Plays_from_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke">Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke</a></i> (2007, radio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Savior_(2014_film)" title="The Savior (2014 film)">The Savior</a></i> (2014 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_3" title="Papyrus 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_7" title="Papyrus 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_42" title="Papyrus 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_69" title="Papyrus 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_82" title="Papyrus 82">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_97" title="Papyrus 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_111" title="Papyrus 111">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Nitriensis" title="Codex Nitriensis">Codex Nitriensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Glagolitic_fragments" title="Ohrid Glagolitic fragments">Ohrid Glagolitic fragments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Λουκάν">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Lucas" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Lucas">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Luke">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Luke">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Luke">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_John" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_John" title="Template:Gospel of John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_John" title="Template talk:Gospel of John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_John" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_John_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of John chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_1" title="John 1">John 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Signs" title="Book of Signs">Book of Signs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_2" title="John 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_3" title="John 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_4" title="John 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_5" title="John 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_6" title="John 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_7" title="John 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_8" title="John 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_9" title="John 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_10" title="John 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_12" title="John 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Glory" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Glory">Book of Glory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_13" title="John 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_14" title="John 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_15" title="John 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_16" title="John 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_17" title="John 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_18" title="John 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_19" title="John 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_20" title="John 20">20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_21" title="John 21">Epilogue: 21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_John_verses" title="Category:Gospel of John verses">Verses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_1:1" title="John 1:1">John 1:1</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:20" title="John 1:20">20</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:23" title="John 1:23">23</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:25" title="John 1:25">25</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:33" title="John 1:33">33</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_1:35" title="John 1:35">35</a>–<a href="/wiki/John_1:42" title="John 1:42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_3:16" title="John 3:16">3:16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">14:6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_18:38" title="John 18:38">18:38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:John_20" title="Category:John 20">20:1–31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events<br />(chronological)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_at_Cana" title="Wedding at Cana">Wedding at Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Discourse" title="Bread of Life Discourse">Bread of Life Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_man_blind_from_birth" title="Healing the man blind from birth">Healing a blind man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_paralytic_at_Bethesda" title="Healing the paralytic at Bethesda">Healing a paralytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_royal_official%27s_son" title="Healing the royal official's son">Healing a sick son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_the_woman_taken_in_adultery" title="Jesus and the woman taken in adultery">Jesus and the woman taken in adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">Raising of Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Peter" title="Restoration of Peter">Restoration of Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_the_beginning_(phrase)" title="In the beginning (phrase)">In the beginning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Disciple whom Jesus loved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo" title="Ecce homo">Ecce homo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Feast of Dedication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Commandment" title="New Commandment">"Love one another"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_wept" title="Jesus wept">Jesus wept</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere" title="Noli me tangere">Noli me tangere</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quod_scripsi,_scripsi" title="Quod scripsi, scripsi">Quod scripsi, scripsi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_they_all_may_be_one" title="That they all may be one">That they all may be one</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">Via et veritas et vita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_truth_will_set_you_free" title="The truth will set you free">The truth will set you free</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus" title="Malchus">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ænon">Ænon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethabara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethabara">Bethabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cana" title="Cana">Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Well" title="Jacob's Well">Jacob's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Porch" title="Solomon's Porch">Solomon's Porch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Sychar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Ego_eimi" title="Ego eimi">I AM</a>" sayings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_am_(biblical_term)" title="I am (biblical term)">I am (biblical term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_of_Life_Discourse" title="Bread of Life Discourse">Bread of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_of_the_World" title="Light of the World">Light of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_10" title="John 10">Gate for the Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Shepherd" title="Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">Resurrectio et Vita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_et_veritas_et_vita" title="Via et veritas et vita">Via et veritas et vita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Vine" title="True Vine">True Vine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Johannine_literature" title="Holy Spirit in Johannine literature">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_John" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of John">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon of John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Apocalypse_of_John" title="Second Apocalypse of John">Second Apocalypse of John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_John_(Pillar_New_Testament_Commentary)" title="The Gospel According to John (Pillar New Testament Commentary)">Pillar New Testament Commentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion" title="St John Passion">St John Passion</a></i> (J. S. Bach, 1724) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion_structure" title="St John Passion structure">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Passion_discography" title="St John Passion discography">Discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passio_(P%C3%A4rt)" title="Passio (Pärt)">Passio</a></i> (Pärt, 1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2003_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2003 film)">The Gospel of John</a></i> (2003 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_John_(2014_film)" title="The Gospel of John (2014 film)">The Gospel of John</a></i> (2014 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrus 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_6" title="Papyrus 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_22" title="Papyrus 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_28" title="Papyrus 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_36" title="Papyrus 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_39" title="Papyrus 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_44" title="Papyrus 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52" title="Rylands Library Papyrus P52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_55" title="Papyrus 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_59" title="Papyrus 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_60" title="Papyrus 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_63" title="Papyrus 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_66" title="Papyrus 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_76" title="Papyrus 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_80" title="Papyrus 80">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_84" title="Papyrus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_90" title="Papyrus 90">90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_93" title="Papyrus 93">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_95" title="Papyrus 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_106" title="Papyrus 106">106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_107" title="Papyrus 107">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_108" title="Papyrus 108">108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_109" title="Papyrus 109">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_119" title="Papyrus 119">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_120" title="Papyrus 120">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_121" title="Papyrus 121">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_122" title="Papyrus 122">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_128" title="Papyrus 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Glagolitic_fragments" title="Ohrid Glagolitic fragments">Ohrid Glagolitic fragments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Ιωάννην">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Ioannes" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Ioannes">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/John">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/John">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/John">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span 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