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title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় নরওয়েজীয় শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় নরওয়েজীয় শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای/نروژی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای/نروژی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:AFI/Norvegesc" title="Aiuto:AFI/Norvegesc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aiuto:AFI/Norvegesc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" 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#a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"/></td><td class="mbox-text">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Norwegian on Wikipedia.<div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Norwegian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help talk:IPA/Norwegian">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-NO&redirect=no">H:IPA-NO</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPANOR&redirect=no">H:IPANOR</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Norwegian</div> The chart below shows how the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a> represents <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian language</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. The accent that has been used here as a model is <a href="/wiki/Urban_East_Norwegian" title="Urban East Norwegian">Urban East Norwegian</a>, the pronunciation of the dialect spoken in the Oslo region and most commonly taught to foreigners. See also <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Norwegian phonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orthography#Sound_to_spelling_correspondences" title="Norwegian orthography">Norwegian orthography § Sound to spelling correspondences</a> for more details about pronunciation of Norwegian. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1119456059">.mw-parser-output .tocnumber{display:none}.mw-parser-output #toc ul,.mw-parser-output .toc ul{line-height:1.5em;list-style:none;margin:.3em 0 0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist #toc ul ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist .toc ul ul{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097603156">.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center{clear:none}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center .toc{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-right{clear:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-none{clear:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist horizontal-toc"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/></div> <table style="background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <th>Examples </th> <th>Nearest English equivalent </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></big> </td> <td>stab </td> <td>stab </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ç</a></big> </td> <td>Kyrkjebø, bikkje, Kielland, tjue </td> <td>hue </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></big> </td> <td>dåd, verden </td> <td>deed </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></big> </td> <td>sardin<a href="#cite_note-retroflex-1">[1]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian</a> day </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></big> </td> <td>fot, loft, trivsel, lavt, Philip </td> <td>foot </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></big> </td> <td>genial </td> <td>get </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></big> </td> <td>hatt </td> <td>hat </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></big> </td> <td>jojo, hjelp, gjorde, geit, Biørn, Youngstorget </td> <td>yoyo </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></big> </td> <td>kald, Skøyen, Dagsrevyen, Ingebrigtsen, Joacim, Schanche, Qvam </td> <td>cold </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></big> </td> <td>farlig, årlig, perle, Sturla, land, smelte, Hordaland, smålig<a href="#cite_note-laterals-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-clearafterbackvowels-3">[3]</a> </td> <td>lack </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Syllabic_consonant" title="Syllabic consonant">l̩</a></big> </td> <td>Abel </td> <td>little, but without <a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">velarization</a>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> Esel </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Velarized_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized dental lateral approximant">ɫ</a></big> </td> <td>salig, tålig, falsk, stolt<a href="#cite_note-laterals-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-clearafterbackvowels-3">[3]</a> </td> <td>pull </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></big> </td> <td>man </td> <td>man </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></big> </td> <td>natt </td> <td>night </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Syllabic_consonant" title="Syllabic consonant">n̩</a></big> </td> <td>katten </td> <td>chosen </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></big> </td> <td>barn<a href="#cite_note-retroflex-1">[1]</a> </td> <td>night, but <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonants" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex consonants">retroflex</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Syllabic_consonant" title="Syllabic consonant">ɳ̍</a></big> </td> <td>verten, slitasjen, Kristoffersen </td> <td>chosen, but retroflex </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></big> </td> <td>signing, annonse </td> <td>sing </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></big> </td> <td>par, spa, Ibsen, Jakob </td> <td>pair </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">r</a></big> </td> <td>år<a href="#cite_note-retroflex-1">[1]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a> atom </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></big> </td> <td>tæl, Dæhlie, <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/4b\/No-V%C3%A5lerenga.ogg\/No-V%C3%A5lerenga.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"V\u00e5l<\/b>\u2019enga<\/i><\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"No-V\u00e5lerenga.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/No-V%C3%A5lerenga.ogg/No-V%C3%A5lerenga.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">Vål’enga</a><a href="/wiki/File:No-V%C3%A5lerenga.ogg" title="File:No-Vålerenga.ogg">ⓘ</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> </td> <td>GA atom, but retroflex </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></big> </td> <td>sabel, cøliaki, enzym, xylofon </td> <td>sabre </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></big> </td> <td>sjø, skjerf, skøyte, slott, nysgjerrig, Skiaker, geni, journal, Schønberg, attaché, Nationaltheatret, torsdag<a href="#cite_note-retroflex-1">[1]</a> </td> <td>shoe, but retroflex </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></big> </td> <td>torsdag, Steinfeld, Vadsø </td> <td>turn </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></big> </td> <td>parti<a href="#cite_note-retroflex-1">[1]</a> </td> <td>Indian turn </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></big> </td> <td>vaktel, Wergeland, Nyquist </td> <td>vat </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Non-native consonants </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">ʈʂ</a></big><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> </td> <td>rutsjebane, tsjekkisk, Tschudi, Tetzschner, Archer </td> <td>challenge, but retroflex </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Other symbols </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>◌ː</big> </td> <td>sommer [ˈsɔ̂mːər]<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </td> <td>roommate </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">Stress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <th>Examples </th> <th>Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>ˈ◌̀</big> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">bønder [ˈbœ̀nːər] </td> <td>Low tone / tone 1 / acute accent<a href="#cite_note-rise-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>ˈ◌̂</big> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">bønner [ˈbœ̂nːər] </td> <td>Falling tone / tone 2 / grave accent<a href="#cite_note-rise-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>ˌ◌</big> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">skoleelev [ˈskûːləɛˌleːv] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">Secondary stress</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <th>Examples </th> <th>Nearest English equivalent </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Monophthong" title="Monophthong">Monophthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></big> </td> <td>fast, pensjonist, Isaachsen </td> <td>art </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑː</a></big> </td> <td>mat, Raabe </td> <td>bra </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></big> </td> <td>verden, herse, færre, æsj, krasje, Märtha </td> <td>trap </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æː</a></big> </td> <td>trær ("trees"), tæl, ærlig, her, perle, gjerde </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a> mad </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></big> </td> <td>egne ("bait" vb.), regler ("rhymes" n.), hesje, helle, ætt </td> <td>set </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></big> </td> <td>egne ("own" adj. pl.), treg, regler ("rules" n.), manesje, mer, sel, allé, trær ("thread(s)" vb.), gælisk, Kathe </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a> save </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></big> </td> <td>sild, Dagny </td> <td>hill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></big> </td> <td>i, de </td> <td>need </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></big> </td> <td>slott, slått, Slaatsveen, Fougner<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>off </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></big> </td> <td>våg, skrog, Aass, Maud<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>story </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-mid front protruded vowel">œ</a></big> </td> <td>Søgne, øgle, pasteurisere<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>roughly like bet, but with rounded lips; German Röcke </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-mid front protruded vowel">øː</a></big> </td> <td>stø, Schreuder<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>roughly like Scottish save, but with rounded lips; German Behörde </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-back compressed vowel">ʊ</a></big> </td> <td>loff, skuffe ("shovel"), journal<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>put, German Nuss </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Close_back_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close back compressed vowel">uː</a></big> </td> <td>skog, fôr, glamour<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>fool, German Fuß </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front compressed vowel">ʉ</a></big> </td> <td>skuffe ("disappoint"), debutant, outrert<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-closerounded-9">[9]</a> </td> <td>goose (some dialects<a href="#cite_note-goose-10">[10]</a>); German müssen </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Close_front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close front compressed vowel">ʉː</a></big> </td> <td>kul, ajourføre<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-closerounded-9">[9]</a> </td> <td>choose (some dialects<a href="#cite_note-goose-10">[10]</a>); German üben </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front protruded vowel">ʏ</a></big> </td> <td>nytt, gründer<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-closerounded-9">[9]</a> </td> <td>roughly like hit, but with rounded lips; <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> syll </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Close_front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close front protruded vowel">yː</a></big> </td> <td>syl, Grünerløkka, debut<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-closerounded-9">[9]</a> </td> <td>roughly like leave, but with rounded lips; Swedish syl </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">Diphthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>ɑɪ</big> </td> <td>hai, Faye, Maj </td> <td>price </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>æɪ</big> </td> <td>egne seg ("be suited"), negl, sein, hei, feil, Heyerdahl, Sejersted, Bræin </td> <td>Australian day </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>æʉ</big> </td> <td>hauk, Europa, Klouman<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>have or GA mountain </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>ɛɪ</big> </td> <td>mail<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </td> <td>day </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>ɔʏ</big> </td> <td>boikott, Roy<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>boy </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>œʏ</big> </td> <td>døgn, øyne, Øivind, Preus, Foyn<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian</a> ice </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>ʉɪ</big> </td> <td>hui<a href="#cite_note-roundedness-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </td> <td>fluid </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big>ɑʊ</big> </td> <td>Haoko </td> <td>how </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction" title="Vowel reduction">Reduced vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></big> </td> <td>påle </td> <td>about </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Norwegian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-retroflex-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-retroflex_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-retroflex_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-retroflex_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-retroflex_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-retroflex_1-4">e</a> Clusters of /r/ and <a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a> consonants /rd/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex</a> realizations in a recursive <a href="/wiki/Sandhi" title="Sandhi">sandhi</a> process: [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a>], [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a>], [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a>], [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-laterals-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laterals_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-laterals_2-1">b</a> In contemporary Urban East Norwegian, there are two lateral approximant phonemes: apical /l/ and laminal /l̻/. There is no longer a difference between the historical /rl/ and the simple /l/ when not preceded by /ɑː/ or /oː/. The most common lateral is the non-velarized apical alveolar [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]. Only the laminal [<a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">l̻</a>] occurs after /t, d/ (in this guide transcribed the same as [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]) and after /ɑ/ and /ɔ/. After /ɑː/ and /oː/, the two phonemes contrast. The laminal phoneme is velarized [<a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">ɫ̻</a>] (transcribed in this guide without the diacritic) after back vowels but not after the central /ə/ (<a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen 2000</a>:25). </li> <li id="cite_note-clearafterbackvowels-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-clearafterbackvowels_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-clearafterbackvowels_3-1">b</a> When a lateral approximant occurs between two stressable vowels (i.e. any vowels other than /ə/) in a compound or derived word, the coloring of the lateral depends on whether it occurs in a morpheme-final position or not. If there is a morpheme boundary between the vowel and /l/ (as in Hordaland <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/37\/Hordaland.ogg\/Hordaland.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u02c8h\u0254\u0302rd\u0251l\u0251n]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Hordaland.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/Hordaland.ogg/Hordaland.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Hordaland.ogg" title="File:Hordaland.ogg">ⓘ</a> or smålig), the lateral is clear [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>] regardless of the preceding vowel. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> /ɽ/ often alternates with /l/ (sometimes with /r/), but there is a small number of words in which only /ɽ/ occurs (<a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen 2000</a>:24, 90). </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> This sound occurs in native words across word boundaries. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Stressed short vowels usually trigger the <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">gemination</a> of the following consonant before another vowel or at the end of a word. </li> <li id="cite_note-rise-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rise_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rise_7-1">b</a> The rise that often follows is only realized at the end of an intonational phrase. It is non-phonemic. </li> <li id="cite_note-roundedness-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roundedness_8-13">n</a> [<a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-mid front protruded vowel">œ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-mid front protruded vowel">øː</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front protruded vowel">ʏ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Close_front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close front protruded vowel">yː</a>, ɔʏ, œʏ] are <a href="/wiki/Protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Protruded vowel">protruded vowels</a>, while [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front compressed vowel">ʉ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Close_front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close front compressed vowel">ʉː</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-back compressed vowel">ʊ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Close_back_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close back compressed vowel">uː</a>] (including the [ʉ] element in [æʉ] and [ʉɪ]) are <a href="/wiki/Compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Compressed vowel">compressed</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-closerounded-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-closerounded_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-closerounded_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-closerounded_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-closerounded_9-3">d</a> The distinction between compressed [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front compressed vowel">ʉ</a>] and protruded [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front protruded vowel">y</a>] is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers: <ul><li>Norwegian compressed [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʉ</a>] sounds very close to many <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> speakers' compressed [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front compressed vowel">ʏ</a>] (as in müssen <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/23\/De-m%C3%BCssen.ogg\/De-m%C3%BCssen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u02c8m\u028fsn\u0329]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-m\u00fcssen.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/De-m%C3%BCssen.ogg/De-m%C3%BCssen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ˈmʏsn̩]</a><a href="/wiki/File:De-m%C3%BCssen.ogg" title="File:De-müssen.ogg">ⓘ</a>).</li> <li>Norwegian protruded [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front protruded vowel">ʏ</a>] sounds more similar to English unrounded [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>] (as in hit) than to German compressed [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front compressed vowel">ʏ</a>], and it is very close to <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> protruded [<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close near-front protruded vowel">ʏ</a>] (as in syll <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1f\/Sv-syll.ogg\/Sv-syll.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[s\u028fl\u02d0]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sv-syll.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/Sv-syll.ogg/Sv-syll.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[sʏlː]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Sv-syll.ogg" title="File:Sv-syll.ogg">ⓘ</a>).</li></ul> Similarly, <ul><li>Norwegian compressed [<a href="/wiki/Close_front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close front compressed vowel">ʉː</a>] sounds very close to many German speakers' compressed [<a href="/wiki/Close_front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close front compressed vowel">yː</a>].</li> <li>Norwegian protruded [<a href="/wiki/Close_front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close front protruded vowel">yː</a>] sounds more similar to English unrounded [<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a>] (as in leave) than to German compressed [<a href="/wiki/Close_front_compressed_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close front compressed vowel">yː</a>], and it is very close to Swedish protruded [<a href="/wiki/Close_front_protruded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Close front protruded vowel">yː</a>] (as in syl <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e5\/Sv-syl.ogg\/Sv-syl.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[sy\u02d0l]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sv-syl.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Sv-syl.ogg/Sv-syl.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[syːl]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Sv-syl.ogg" title="File:Sv-syl.ogg">ⓘ</a>).</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-goose-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goose_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-goose_10-1">b</a> These dialects include <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a> and most forms of <a href="/wiki/English_English" class="mw-redirect" title="English English">English English</a> (with some exceptions such as <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire English">Yorkshire English</a>), <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulster_English" title="Ulster English">Ulster English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">Southern American English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midland_American_English" title="Midland American English">Midland American English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Philadelphia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Baltimore_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore English">Baltimore English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_English" title="Western Pennsylvania English">Western Pennsylvania English</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">California English</a>. Other dialects of English, such as <a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">General American</a> and most other forms of <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Republic of Ireland English</a>, have no close equiavalent vowel. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> [ɛɪ] appears only in recent loanwords. Speakers who do not have [ɛɪ] in their diphthong inventory replace it with [æɪ] (<a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen 2000</a>:19). </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> [ʉɪ] appears only in the word hui (<a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen 2000</a>:19). </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Norwegian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBerulfsen1969" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berulfsen, Bjarne (1969), Norsk uttaleordbok (in Norwegian), Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co (W Nygaard)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norsk+uttaleordbok&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=H.+Aschehoug+%26+Co+%28W+Nygaard%29&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Berulfsen&rft.aufirst=Bjarne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FNorwegian" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristoffersen2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Gjert_Kristoffersen" title="Gjert Kristoffersen">Kristoffersen, Gjert</a> (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823765-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823765-5"><bdi>978-0-19-823765-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Norwegian&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-823765-5&rft.aulast=Kristoffersen&rft.aufirst=Gjert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FNorwegian" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKvifteGude-Husken2005" class="citation cs2">Kvifte, Bjørn; Gude-Husken, Verena (2005) [First published 1997], Praktische Grammatik der norwegischen Sprache (3rd ed.), Gottfried Egert Verlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-926972-54-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-926972-54-8"><bdi>3-926972-54-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Praktische+Grammatik+der+norwegischen+Sprache&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Gottfried+Egert+Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-926972-54-8&rft.aulast=Kvifte&rft.aufirst=Bj%C3%B8rn&rft.au=Gude-Husken%2C+Verena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FNorwegian" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkaug2003" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Skaug, Ingebjørg (2003) [First published 1996], Norsk språklydlære med øvelser (in Norwegian) (3rd ed.), Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag AS, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-456-0178-0" title="Special:BookSources/82-456-0178-0"><bdi>82-456-0178-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norsk+spr%C3%A5klydl%C3%A6re+med+%C3%B8velser&rft.place=Oslo&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Cappelen+Akademisk+Forlag+AS&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=82-456-0178-0&rft.aulast=Skaug&rft.aufirst=Ingebj%C3%B8rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FNorwegian" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanvik1979" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vanvik, Arne (1979), Norsk fonetikk (in Norwegian), Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-990584-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/82-990584-0-6"><bdi>82-990584-0-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norsk+fonetikk&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Universitetet+i+Oslo&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=82-990584-0-6&rft.aulast=Vanvik&rft.aufirst=Arne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FNorwegian" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanvik1985" class="citation cs2">Vanvik, Arne (1985), Norsk uttaleordbok: A Norwegian pronouncing dictionary, Oslo: Fonetisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8299058414" title="Special:BookSources/978-8299058414"><bdi>978-8299058414</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norsk+uttaleordbok%3A+A+Norwegian+pronouncing+dictionary&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Fonetisk+institutt%2C+Universitetet+i+Oslo&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-8299058414&rft.aulast=Vanvik&rft.aufirst=Arne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FNorwegian" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Norwegian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Norwegian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Norwegian IPA">Category:Pages with Norwegian IPA</a> (390)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Norwegian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lexin.udir.no/?&ui-lang=eng">"Lexin"</a>. Uni Research Computing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lexin&rft.pub=Uni+Research+Computing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flexin.udir.no%2F%3F%26ui-lang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FNorwegian" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hf.ntnu.no/nos/">"Nordavinden og sola: Opptak og transkripsjoner av norske dialekter"</a> (in Norwegian). Trondheim: Institutt for språk- og kommunikasjonsstudier, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nordavinden+og+sola%3A+Opptak+og+transkripsjoner+av+norske+dialekter&rft.place=Trondheim&rft.pub=Institutt+for+spr%C3%A5k-+og+kommunikasjonsstudier%2C+Norges+teknisk-naturvitenskapelige+universitet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hf.ntnu.no%2Fnos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FNorwegian" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> 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title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a 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title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-bphp6","wgBackendResponseTime":135,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notes","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-References","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-See_also","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-External_links","replies":[]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.064"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.131","walltime":"1.289","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5415,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":113703,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1848,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":64150,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 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