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id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Relation:boundary</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From OpenStreetMap Wiki</div> <div id="contentSub">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag:type%3Dboundary&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag:type=boundary">Tag:type=boundary</a>)</div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="languages noprint navigation-not-searchable" style="clear:both;font-size:95%;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0;border:1px solid #AAA" dir="ltr"> <div style="background:#EEE;padding:1px"> <div class="hlist" style="float:right;margin-left:.25em;font-weight:normal;font-size:x-small"> <ul><li><bdi class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=Relation:boundary&action=purge"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Octicons-sync.svg/10px-Octicons-sync.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Octicons-sync.svg/15px-Octicons-sync.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Octicons-sync.svg/20px-Octicons-sync.svg.png 2x" />Purge</a></bdi></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Translation" title="Wiki Translation">Help</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="font-weight:bold;max-height:10000000px;text-align:center"><bdi style="font-style:italic">Relation:boundary</bdi> - Other languages</div> </div> <div id="Languages" class="LanguageBar" data-vector-language-button-label="$1 languages" style="max-height:10000000px;padding:0 .25em"> <div class="hlist hlist-with-seps"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Af:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Af:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Afrikaans </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ast:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ast:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> asturianu </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Az:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Az:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> azərbaycanca </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Id:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Id:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Bahasa Indonesia </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ms:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ms:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Bahasa Melayu </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bs:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bs:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> bosanski </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Br:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> brezhoneg </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca:Relation:boundary" title="Ca:Relation:boundary"> català </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cnr:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cnr:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Crnogorski </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cs:Relation:boundary" title="Cs:Relation:boundary"> čeština </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> dansk </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DE:Relation:boundary" title="DE:Relation:boundary"> Deutsch </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Et:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Et:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> eesti </a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink 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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hr:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hr:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> hrvatski </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Io:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Io:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Ido </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ia:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ia:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> interlingua </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Is:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> íslenska </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IT:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IT:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> italiano </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ht:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ht:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Kreyòl ayisyen </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gcf:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gcf:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> kréyòl gwadloupéyen </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ku:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> kurdî </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lv:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lv:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> latviešu </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lb:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lb:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Lëtzebuergesch </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lt:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lt:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> lietuvių </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hu:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> magyar </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NL:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NL:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Nederlands </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> norsk </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nn:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nn:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> norsk nynorsk </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oc:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oc:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> occitan </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl:Relation:boundary" title="Pl:Relation:boundary"> polski </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pt:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pt:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> português </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> română </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sc:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sc:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> sardu </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sq:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sq:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> shqip </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sk:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sk:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> slovenčina </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sl:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sl:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> slovenščina </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sr-latn:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sr-latn:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> srpski (latinica) </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fi:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fi:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> suomi </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sv:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sv:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> svenska </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tl:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tl:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Tagalog </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vi:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Tiếng Việt </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tr:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Türkçe </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diq:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diq:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Zazaki </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> Ελληνικά </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Be:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> беларуская </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bg:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bg:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> български </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mk:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mk:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> македонски </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mn:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mn:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> монгол </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU:Relation:boundary" title="RU:Relation:boundary"> русский </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sr:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sr:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> српски / srpski </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uk:Relation:boundary" title="Uk:Relation:boundary"> українська </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hy:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hy:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> հայերեն </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=He:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="He:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> עברית </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ar:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> العربية </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skr:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skr:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> سرائیکی </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fa:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fa:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> فارسی </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pnb:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pnb:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> پنجابی </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ps:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ps:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> پښتو </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ne:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ne:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> नेपाली </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mr:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mr:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> मराठी </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hi:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> हिन्दी </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bn:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bn:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> বাংলা </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pa:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pa:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ta:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> தமிழ் </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ml:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ml:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> മലയാളം </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Si:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Si:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> සිංහල </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Th:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> ไทย </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=My:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="My:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> မြန်မာဘာသာ </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ko:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> 한국어 </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> ქართული </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzm:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzm:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zh-hans:Relation:boundary" title="Zh-hans:Relation:boundary"> 中文（简体） </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zh-hant:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zh-hant:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> 中文（繁體） </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JA:Relation:boundary" title="JA:Relation:boundary"> 日本語 </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yue:Relation:boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yue:Relation:boundary (page does not exist)"> 粵語 </a></li></div> </div> <div class="nomobile" style="background:#EEE;padding:1px"> <div id="ExpandLanguages" class="hlist" style="font-weight:bold;max-height:10000000px;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Other languages...</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <table class="description relationdescription" style="margin:2px;float:right;clear:right;margin-right:0;background:#FFF;color:#252525;border:1px solid #AAA;width:210px;padding:2px .5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="font-size:xx-small;background:none;padding:0;font-weight:normal;float:right;"><a href="/wiki/Template:RelationDescription" title="Template:RelationDescription"><bdi title="View this template." style=""><abbr>v</abbr></bdi></a> · <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RelationDescription" title="Template talk:RelationDescription"><bdi title="Discuss this template." style=""><abbr>d</abbr></bdi></a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=Template:RelationDescription&action=edit"><bdi title="Edit this template." style=""><abbr>e</abbr></bdi></a></div><img alt="Public-images-osm logo.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/7/79/Public-images-osm_logo.svg/24px-Public-images-osm_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/79/Public-images-osm_logo.svg/36px-Public-images-osm_logo.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/7/79/Public-images-osm_logo.svg/48px-Public-images-osm_logo.svg.png 2x" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">boundary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="d_image" style="padding-bottom:4px;text-align:center"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_marker,_Blue_Water_Bridge.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Historic marker, Blue Water Bridge.jpg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Historic_marker%2C_Blue_Water_Bridge.jpg/200px-Historic_marker%2C_Blue_Water_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Historic_marker%2C_Blue_Water_Bridge.jpg/300px-Historic_marker%2C_Blue_Water_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Historic_marker%2C_Blue_Water_Bridge.jpg/400px-Historic_marker%2C_Blue_Water_Bridge.jpg 2x" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr class="d_description header" style="text-align:left"> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr class="d_description content"> <td>For grouping boundaries and marking enclaves/exclaves. <a href="/wiki/Item:Q16019" title="Show/edit corresponding data item."><img alt="Show/edit corresponding data item." src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" /></a> </td></tr> <tr class="d_description header" style="text-align:left"> <th>Rendering in <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap_Carto" title="OpenStreetMap Carto">OSM Carto</a> </th></tr> <tr class="d_description content" style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Boundary.png" class="image" title="28"><img alt="28" src="/w/images/5/54/Boundary.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="189" /></a> </td></tr> <tr class="d_group content" style="text-align:left"> <td>Group: <a href="/wiki/Category:Boundaries" title="Category:Boundaries">boundaries</a> </td></tr> <tr class="d_members header" style="text-align:left"> <th>Members </th></tr> <tr class="d_members content"> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> - outer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> - inner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node" title="node"><img alt="node" src="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/20px-Osm_element_node.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/30px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/40px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 2x" /></a> - admin_centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node" title="node"><img alt="node" src="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/20px-Osm_element_node.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/30px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/40px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 2x" /></a> - label</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relation" title="relation"><img alt="relation" src="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/20px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/30px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/40px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 2x" /></a> - subarea</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr class="d_seealso header" style="text-align:left"> <th>See also </th></tr> <tr class="d_seealso content"> <td> <ul><li><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:admin_level" title="Key:admin level">admin_level</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:admin_level%3D2" title="Tag:admin level=2"><bdi>2</bdi></a></tt></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr class="d_status content"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tag_status#Status_values" title="Tag status">Status:</a> <bdi>de facto</bdi> </td></tr> <tr class="d_taginfo content"> <td><div class="taginfo-ajax taginfobox" style="display:none; width:11em" data-taginfo-rtype="boundary" data-taginfo-empty-role="(empty role)" data-taginfo-no-such-tag="This tag does not appear in the OSM database." data-taginfo-taginfo-error="Error loading from Taginfo API." data-taginfo-url="https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org"><div class="ti_named_link taginfo-tag"><a class="external text" href="https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/relations/boundary">boundary</a> relation</div><div class="ti_empty taginfo-content taginfo-compact-text taginfo-hidden"></div><div class="ti_error taginfo-content taginfo-compact-text taginfo-hidden"></div><div class="ti_content taginfo-content"><table><tbody><tr><td class="taginfo-header" colspan="2">Relations:</td></tr><tr><td class="rel-ico taginfo-ico"><a href="https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/relations/boundary" title="Relations"><img alt="Relations" src="/w/images/thumb/b/be/Taginfo_element_relation.svg/16px-Taginfo_element_relation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="/w/images/thumb/b/be/Taginfo_element_relation.svg/24px-Taginfo_element_relation.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/b/be/Taginfo_element_relation.svg/32px-Taginfo_element_relation.svg.png 2x" /></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td class="taginfo-header" colspan="2">Members:</td></tr><tr><td class="member-ico taginfo-ico"><a href="https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/relations/boundary" title="Members"><img alt="Members" src="/w/images/thumb/1/12/Osm_element_member.svg/16px-Osm_element_member.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="/w/images/thumb/1/12/Osm_element_member.svg/24px-Osm_element_member.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/1/12/Osm_element_member.svg/32px-Osm_element_member.svg.png 2x" /></a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="taginfo-role-container taginfo-content">Prevalent roles: <div class="prevalent-roles"></div></div><div class="taginfo-logo"><a class="external text" href="https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/relations/boundary">More details at taginfo</a></div></div><div class="taginfo-fallback-link"><a class="external text" href="https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/relations/?rtype=boundary">More details at taginfo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr class="d_links header" style="text-align:left"> <th>Tools for this tag </th></tr> <tr class="d_links content"> <td> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="//taginfo.openstreetmap.org/relations/boundary">taginfo</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/andorra/relations/boundary">AD</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/austria/relations/boundary">AT</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/brazil/relations/boundary">BR</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/belarus/relations/boundary">BY</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.osm.ch/relations/boundary">CH</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/asia/china/relations/boundary">CN</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taginfo.openstreetmap.cz/relations/boundary">CZ</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/germany/relations/boundary">DE</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/denmark/relations/boundary">DK</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/finland/relations/boundary">FI</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.openstreetmap.fr/relations/boundary">FR</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taginfo.openstreetmap.org.uk/relations/boundary">GB</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/greece/relations/boundary">GR</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taginfo.openstreetmap.hu/relations/boundary">HU</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.openstreetmap.in/relations/boundary">IN</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/asia/iran/relations/boundary">IR</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/italy/relations/boundary">IT</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/liechtenstein/relations/boundary">LI</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/luxembourg/relations/boundary">LU</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.openstreetmap.jp/relations/boundary">JP</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/asia/north-korea/relations/boundary">KP</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/asia/south-korea/relations/boundary">KR</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/netherlands/relations/boundary">NL</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taginfo.openstreetmap.pl/relations/boundary">PL</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/portugal/relations/boundary">PT</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/russia/relations/boundary">RU</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/spain/relations/boundary">ES</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/argentina/relations/boundary">AR</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/north-america/mexico/relations/boundary">MX</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/colombia/relations/boundary">CO</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/bolivia/relations/boundary">BO</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/chile/relations/boundary">CL</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/ecuador/relations/boundary">EC</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/paraguay/relations/boundary">PY</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/peru/relations/boundary">PE</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/uruguay/relations/boundary">UY</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//taginfo.geofabrik.de/south-america/venezuela/relations/boundary">VE</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/asia/taiwan/relations/boundary">TW</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/europe/ukraine/relations/boundary">UA</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/north-america/us/relations/boundary">US</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taginfo.geofabrik.de/asia/vietnam/relations/boundary">VN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://overpass-turbo.eu/?template=key-value-type&type=relation&key=type&value=boundary">overpass-turbo</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:boundary" title="Key:boundary">boundary</a></bdi>=*</tt> <a href="/wiki/Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Relations">relations</a> are used to define political, administrative, nature protection and similar boundaries. They are defined in a similar manner as <a href="/wiki/Multipolygons" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipolygons">multipolygons</a>: they must contain at least one outer way, and additional ways can be used to define <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclave" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Enclave">enclaves</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclaves" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Exclaves">exclaves</a>. Boundaries represented by relations can be topologically and logically nested within one another. For example, provinces of a country share some of their borders with the country, and some with other provinces mutually. Thus, one boundary way may participate in multiple boundary relations simultaneously (e.g. of a country, a province, a district and a municipality). Such approach make it easier to stitch all the parts of a border and avoid multiple duplicated ways above each other. While some boundaries are physically visible, being clearly marked or placed over physical features such as rivers, many are not <a href="/wiki/Verifiability" title="Verifiability">verifiable</a> on the ground and sometimes must be <a href="/wiki/Import" title="Import">imported</a> from external sources. However, avoid connecting boundaries to physical features like woods or rivers or reusing their ways as boundaries (<a href="/wiki/One_feature,_one_OSM_element" title="One feature, one OSM element">one feature, one OSM element</a>). Sooner or later these features change in reality and get updated in OSM – but usually the shape of the boundary remains. An exception may be done if the boundary is legally defined to be the physical feature. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Way_tags">1 Way tags</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Relation_tags">2 Relation tags</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Relation_members">3 Relation members</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Tagging_examples">4 Tagging examples</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Software_support">5 Software support</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Tools">6 Tools</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Downloads">7 Downloads</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References">8 References</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2>Way tags</h2> Boundary areas can be rendered both from relations and from individual closed ways. Relations also allow treating it as entire object in all cases allowing, for example, better labelling. Boundary ways may have <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:boundary" title="Key:boundary">boundary</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:boundary%3Dadministrative" title="Tag:boundary=administrative"><bdi>administrative</bdi></a></tt> and the <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:admin_level" title="Key:admin level">admin_level</a></bdi>=*</tt> of the highest border (when a country, state, county are on the same way the admin_level would be 2). <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:source" title="Key:source">source</a></bdi>=*</tt> is always recommended. However, this tagging is optional, since data consumers can infer this information from the relations the way participates in; thus, boundary ways may be left completely untagged, as with multipolygons.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Historically, <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:name" title="Key:name">name</a>:<a href="/wiki/Key:left" class="mw-redirect" title="Key:left">left</a></bdi>=*</tt>, <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:name" title="Key:name">name</a>:<a href="/wiki/Key:right" class="mw-redirect" title="Key:right">right</a></bdi>=*</tt>, <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Key:nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Key:nation (page does not exist)">nation</a>:<a href="/wiki/Key:right" class="mw-redirect" title="Key:right">right</a></bdi>=*</tt>, and <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Key:region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Key:region (page does not exist)">region</a>:<a href="/wiki/Key:right" class="mw-redirect" title="Key:right">right</a></bdi>=*</tt> have been added to boundary ways to define administrative divisions on their left and right side. Being cumbersome and error-prone, this method was has been replaced by one relation per country, province, city, etc. Old tags on ways like <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:name:left" title="Key:name:left">name:left</a></bdi>=*</tt>/<tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:name:right" title="Key:name:right">name:right</a></bdi>=*</tt> can be safely removed. <h2>Relation tags</h2> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F8F4C2"> <th>Key </th> <th>Value </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><tt style="background:#EEF; font-size:1em; line-height:1.6;" dir="ltr"><bdi><a href="/wiki/Key:type" title="Key:type">type</a></bdi></tt> </td> <td><tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6" dir="ltr">boundary</tt> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relation:multipolygon" title="Relation:multipolygon">type=multipolygon</a> is also used, but deprecated for boundary relations (see <a href="#Software_support">software support</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td><tt style="background:#EEF; font-size:1em; line-height:1.6;" dir="ltr"><bdi><a href="/wiki/Key:boundary" title="Key:boundary">boundary</a></bdi></tt> </td> <td><tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6" dir="ltr">administrative</tt> </td> <td>For a real boundary (sometimes in the middle of a river or 12 miles away from coastline). </td></tr> <tr> <td><tt style="background:#EEF; font-size:1em; line-height:1.6;" dir="ltr"><bdi><a href="/wiki/Key:name" title="Key:name">name</a></bdi></tt> </td> <td>A name </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><tt style="background:#EEF; font-size:1em; line-height:1.6;" dir="ltr"><bdi><a href="/wiki/Key:admin_level" title="Key:admin level">admin_level</a></bdi></tt> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Key:admin_level#admin_level" title="Key:admin level">Administrative level</a>: an integer with value between 2 and 10, and country-specific meaning. </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2>Relation members</h2> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Element </th> <th scope="col">Role </th> <th scope="col">Occurrence </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> </td> <td><tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:outer" title="Role:outer">outer</a></tt> </td> <td><abbr title="Required">!</abbr> <abbr title="Required; 1 or more instances">1+</abbr> </td> <td> Ways, not necessarily closed, together forming (possibly, multiple separate) linear closed boundaries. <div style="font-style: italic;padding-left: 1.6em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;">For unclosed linear borders, see <a href="/wiki/Relations/Proposed/boundary_segment" class="mw-redirect" title="Relations/Proposed/boundary segment">Relations/Proposed/boundary segment</a>.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> </td> <td><tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:inner" title="Role:inner">inner</a></tt> </td> <td><abbr title="Optional">?</abbr> <abbr title="Optional; 0 or more instances">0+</abbr> </td> <td>Forming, exactly as outers, boundaries inside of the outers which are excluded; i.e., enclaves. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Way" title="way"><img alt="way" src="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/20px-Osm_element_way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/30px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/ee/Osm_element_way.svg/40px-Osm_element_way.svg.png 2x" /></a> </td> <td><del><tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6" dir="ltr"><var class="variable"><empty></var></tt></del> </td> <td><abbr title="Forbidden">✗</abbr> <abbr title="Forbidden; 0 instances">0</abbr> </td> <td>Deprecated, don't use. Use <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:outer" title="Role:outer">outer</a></tt> or <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:inner" title="Role:inner">inner</a></tt> instead. Some tools may treat it only as <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:outer" title="Role:outer">outer</a></tt>, others will attempt to guess it using complex geometry inference. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Node" title="node"><img alt="node" src="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/20px-Osm_element_node.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/30px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/40px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 2x" /></a> </td> <td><tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:admin_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:admin centre">admin_centre</a></tt> </td> <td><abbr title="Optional">?</abbr> <abbr title="Optional; 0 to 1 instances">0–1</abbr> </td> <td>Node representing the administrative centre (a capital, county seat etc.), usually a town, city or village (depending of the boundary level, see <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:place" title="Key:place">place</a></bdi>=*</tt>). This role is for capitals (as in capital cities), not capitols (as in legislative buildings). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Node" title="node"><img alt="node" src="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/20px-Osm_element_node.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/30px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/7/76/Osm_element_node.svg/40px-Osm_element_node.svg.png 2x" /></a> </td> <td><tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:label" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:label">label</a></tt> </td> <td><abbr title="Optional">?</abbr> <abbr title="Optional; 0 to 1 instances">0–1</abbr> </td> <td>Node representing the place, located at the coordinate where the place is typically labelled. Despite the name of this role, it is not a general mechanism for label placement hints; one can think of it as a "cultural centre" or "logical centre" for the boundary. When placing the node, consider where you would map the place as a point feature if the boundary were unknown or ill-defined. A city's commonly accepted "centre" may be at the city hall, a public square, or the origin of the city's street grid, rather than the geographic centroid of the boundary. For example, <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/122604" class="extiw" title="osmrelation:122604">Chicago</a>'s node remains located in the central business district near the lakeshore, even though the city has expanded away from the lakeshore. This role may also be useful when there's an enclave or the boundary has a large concavity, and the default placement of the label in the centre of the bounding box would fall completely outside the boundary area. Note that different map styles require a different label placement (as different map styles display different objects, may use labels in different languages, labels may use a different style and it may be desirable to avoid blocking some objects with the label – for example, a standard map may prefer the label of a coastal town to be placed on the sea, a map displaying sea routes would prefer to place the town label inland). As a result, the placement of these nodes is optimized for specific map styles, making them a form of <a href="/wiki/Tagging_for_the_renderer" title="Tagging for the renderer">tagging for the renderer</a>. The <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:label" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:label">label</a></tt>-node could contain a <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:place" title="Key:place">place</a></bdi>=*</tt> tag and using a key from the table <a href="/wiki/Key:place#Administratively_declared_places" title="Key:place">administratively declared places</a> (like <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:place" title="Key:place">place</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:place%3Dcountry" title="Tag:place=country"><bdi>country</bdi></a></tt>; <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:place" title="Key:place">place</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:place%3Dstate" title="Tag:place=state"><bdi>state</bdi></a></tt>; <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:place" title="Key:place">place</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:place%3Dcounty" title="Tag:place=county"><bdi>county</bdi></a></tt>; etc.) if applicable. For example, see <a class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/1363947712">France</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Relation" title="relation"><img alt="relation" src="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/20px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/30px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/40px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 2x" /></a> </td> <td><tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:subarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:subarea">subarea</a></tt> </td> <td><abbr title="Optional">?</abbr> <abbr title="Optional; 0 or more instances">0+</abbr> </td> <td> Refer to relations of sublevel boundaries inside this administrative level. Optional, disputed, and redundant (references to sublevels may also be found with spatial queries, provided that there's no overlap between similar subdivisions). Also referencing other relations makes editing more complicated in some cases. </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2>Tagging examples</h2> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td style="width:256px;height:200px; border-bottom:hidden;"><a href="/wiki/File:Enclave.png" class="image"><img alt="Enclave.png" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Enclave.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="200" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><relation id="1"> <tag k="type" v="boundary" /> <tag k="boundary" v="administrative" /> <tag k="admin_level" v="2" /> <tag k="name" v="light green country A excluding C" /> <member type="way" id="AB" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="AC" role="inner" /> </relation> <relation id="2"> <tag k="type" v="boundary" /> <tag k="boundary" v="administrative" /> <tag k="admin_level" v="2" /> <tag k="name" v="dark green country B also including C" /> <member type="way" id="AB" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="AC" role="outer" /> </relation> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width:256px; border-top:hidden;">C is A's enclave and B's exclave. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width:256px; height:200px; border-bottom:hidden;"><a href="/wiki/File:Exclave.png" class="image"><img alt="Exclave.png" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Exclave.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="200" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><relation id="1"> <tag k="type" v="boundary" /> <tag k="boundary" v="administrative" /> <tag k="admin_level" v="2" /> <tag k="name" v="light green country A" /> <member type="way" id="AB" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="AC1" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="AD" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="AC2" role="outer" /> </relation> <relation id="2"> <tag k="type" v="boundary" /> <tag k="boundary" v="administrative" /> <tag k="admin_level" v="2" /> <tag k="name" v="dark green country B also including D" /> <member type="way" id="AB" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="BC" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="AD" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="CD" role="outer" /> </relation> <relation id="3"> <tag k="type" v="boundary" /> <tag k="boundary" v="administrative" /> <tag k="admin_level" v="2" /> <tag k="name" v="purple country C" /> <member type="way" id="AC1" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="CD" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="AC2" role="outer" /> <member type="way" id="BC" role="outer" /> </relation> </pre></div> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width:256px; border-top:hidden;">D is an exclave of B, but not an enclave of A since it also shares a border with C. </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.geofabrik.de/osmi/?view=boundaries&baselayer=Mapnik&opacity=0.30&lon=4.94833&lat=51.43993&zoom=13&overlays=coastline,boundary_relations_1,boundary_relations_2,boundary_relations_3,boundary_relations_4,boundary_relations_5,boundary_ways_1,boundary_ways_2,boundary_ways_3,boundary_ways_4,boundary_ways_5,boundary_ways_with_unknown_admlvl,non_simple_boundary_ways">Baarle Nassau</a> is a good use case for this relation. It has exclaves in enclaves. The exclaves in the enclaves of Belgium would just be added as exclaves to the relation of the Netherlands, the dutch province Noord-Brabant and the village border.</li> <li>There are <a href="/wiki/Relation:multipolygon#Advanced_multipolygons" title="Relation:multipolygon">more examples</a>!</li></ul> <h2>Software support</h2> Software should support all deprecated types until they disappear in database: <ul><li><tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:type" title="Key:type">type</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:type%3Dmultipolygon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag:type=multipolygon"><bdi>multipolygon</bdi></a></tt> as well as type=boundary (An administrative boundary can be definitively recognised through the existing boundary=* tag)</li> <li>empty role for <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:outer" title="Role:outer">outer</a></tt> (note blank role is obsolete for multipolygons as well, but usually defaults to outer)</li></ul> The following data consumers make use of the <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:admin_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:admin centre">admin_centre</a></tt> role in some manner: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmogony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmogony (page does not exist)">Cosmogony</a> prefers it over <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:label" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:label">label</a></tt> for the purpose of finding the point representation of the boundary to synchronize <a href="/wiki/Multilingual_names" title="Multilingual names">multilingual name</a> tags. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/osm-without-borders/cosmogony/blob/ecaa549995eef8bdac0365b7e7bac790ffcf435c/src/zone_ext.rs#L189">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemap_Slovakia" title="Freemap Slovakia">Freemap Slovakia</a>'s WikiPois service relies on it to determine the administrative area's location. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/FreemapSlovakia/WikiPois/blob/c72b884b4608fa91242cd52b9d3031bd1f3f9314/wiki.lua#L66">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libpostal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libpostal (page does not exist)">libpostal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/openvenues/libpostal/blob/8f2066b1d30f4290adf59cacc429980f139b8545/scripts/geodata/osm/admin_boundaries.py#L273">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenTopoMap" title="OpenTopoMap">OpenTopoMap</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/der-stefan/OpenTopoMap/blob/e4467cfc2064afc379b0f8e8360db1740099cca3/mapnik/HOWTO_Preprocessing#L118">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Maps" title="Organic Maps">Organic Maps</a> equates it with <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:label" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:label">label</a></tt> for the purpose of positioning the administrative area's label. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/organicmaps/organicmaps/blob/3eb011ebbc0596f1c885712fc6e7ad029e6c5da5/generator/osm_element_helpers.cpp#L46">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OsmAnd" title="OsmAnd">OsmAnd</a> equates it with <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:label" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:label">label</a></tt> for the purpose of positioning the administrative area's label. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/osmandapp/OsmAnd-tools/blob/987bc5352fb4a78bf1008ac7ac61c62049432ed7/java-tools/OsmAndMapCreatorUtilities/src/main/java/net/osmand/obf/preparation/IndexAddressCreator.java#L415">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSMNames" title="OSMNames">OSMNames</a> equates it with <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:label" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:label">label</a></tt> for the purpose of deduplicating point and area representations of the same place. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/OSMNames/OSMNames/blob/ef9b6aaf0c165d2c4059283216e09e118c969e27/docs/implementation/prepare_data.rst#determine-linked-places">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSMPoliticalMap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSMPoliticalMap (page does not exist)">OSMPoliticalMap</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/GEOF-OSGL/OSMPoliticalMap/blob/e850777f0545e44748649c8347ad0642f8598add/_6_Cities.sh#L34-L38">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelias" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelias">Pelias</a>' pbf2json library equates it with <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:label" class="mw-redirect" title="Role:label">label</a></tt> for the purpose of determining the administrative area's centroid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/pelias/pbf2json/pull/98">[9]</a></li></ul> <h2>Tools</h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSM_Inspector" title="OSM Inspector">OSM Inspector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relation_Analyzer" title="Relation Analyzer">Relation Analyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relation_Check" title="Relation Check">Relation Check</a></li> <li>Relevant <a href="/wiki/Sophox" title="Sophox">Sophox</a> queries: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL_examples#Boundaries_that_are_subareas_of_more_local_boundaries" title="SPARQL examples">Boundaries that are subareas of more local boundaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL_examples#Boundary_labels_that_are_not_nodes" title="SPARQL examples">Boundary labels that are not nodes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <h2>Downloads</h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wambachers-osm.website/boundaries/">OSM Boundaries</a> by User wambacher</li></ul> <h2>References</h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1;-webkit-column-count:1;column-count:1"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> Mateusz Konieczny, <a class="external text" href="https://lists.openstreetmap.org/pipermail/tagging/2021-February/thread.html#59299">February 2021 Archives by thread : (Tagging) boundary=administrative on ways</a>, Feb 5 2021. </li> </ol></div></div>    </div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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