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style="background:#EEE;padding:1px"> <div class="hlist" style="float:right;margin-left:.25em;font-weight:normal;font-size:x-small"> <ul><li><bdi class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=Relation&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><span style="margin:0 2px"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Octicons-sync.svg/10px-Octicons-sync.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Octicons-sync.svg/15px-Octicons-sync.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Octicons-sync.svg/20px-Octicons-sync.svg.png 2x" /></span>Purge</span></a></bdi></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Translation" title="Wiki Translation">Help</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="font-weight:bold;max-height:10000000px;text-align:center"><bdi style="font-style:italic">Relation</bdi> - Other languages</div> </div> <div id="Languages" class="LanguageBar" data-vector-language-button-label="$1 languages" style="max-height:10000000px;padding:0 .25em"> <div class="hlist hlist-with-seps"><li><span dir="auto" lang="af"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Af:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Af:Relation (page does not exist)"> Afrikaans </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ast"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ast:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ast:Relation (page does not exist)"> asturianu </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="az"><a href="/wiki/Az:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Az:Relation"> azərbaycanca </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="id"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Id:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Id:Relation (page does not exist)"> Bahasa Indonesia </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ms"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ms:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ms:Relation (page does not exist)"> Bahasa Melayu </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="bs"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bs:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bs:Relation (page does not exist)"> bosanski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="br"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Br:Relation (page does not exist)"> brezhoneg </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Ca:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ca:Relation"> català </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/Cs:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cs:Relation"> čeština </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="cnr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cnr:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cnr:Relation (page does not exist)"> Crnogorski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="da"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da:Relation (page does not exist)"> dansk </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/DE:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="DE:Relation"> Deutsch </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="et"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Et:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Et:Relation (page does not exist)"> eesti </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> English </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/ES:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="ES:Relation"> español </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="eo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eo:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eo:Relation (page does not exist)"> Esperanto </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="eu"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eu:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eu:Relation (page does not exist)"> euskara </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/FR:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="FR:Relation"> français </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="fy"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fy:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fy:Relation (page does not exist)"> Frysk </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="gd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gd:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gd:Relation (page does not exist)"> Gàidhlig </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="gl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gl:Relation (page does not exist)"> galego </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hr:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hr:Relation (page does not exist)"> hrvatski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="io"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Io:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Io:Relation (page does not exist)"> Ido </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ia:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ia:Relation (page does not exist)"> interlingua </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="is"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Is:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Is:Relation (page does not exist)"> íslenska </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/IT:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="IT:Relation"> italiano </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ht"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ht:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ht:Relation (page does not exist)"> Kreyòl ayisyen </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="gcf"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gcf:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gcf:Relation (page does not exist)"> kréyòl gwadloupéyen </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ku"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ku:Relation (page does not exist)"> kurdî </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="lv"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lv:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lv:Relation (page does not exist)"> latviešu </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="lb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lb:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lb:Relation (page does not exist)"> Lëtzebuergesch </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="lt"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lt:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lt:Relation (page does not exist)"> lietuvių </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hu"><a href="/wiki/Hu:Relation" title="Hu:Relation"> magyar </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="nl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NL:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NL:Relation (page does not exist)"> Nederlands </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="no"><a href="/w/index.php?title=No:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No:Relation (page does not exist)"> norsk </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="nn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nn:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nn:Relation (page does not exist)"> norsk nynorsk </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="oc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oc:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oc:Relation (page does not exist)"> occitan </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/Pl:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pl:Relation"> polski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Pt:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pt:Relation"> português </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro:Relation (page does not exist)"> română </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sc:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sc:Relation (page does not exist)"> sardu </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sq"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sq:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sq:Relation (page does not exist)"> shqip </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sk:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sk:Relation (page does not exist)"> slovenčina </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sl:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sl:Relation (page does not exist)"> slovenščina </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sr-latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sr-latn:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sr-latn:Relation (page does not exist)"> srpski (latinica) </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="fi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fi:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fi:Relation (page does not exist)"> suomi </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Sv:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sv:Relation"> svenska </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="tl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tl:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tl:Relation (page does not exist)"> Tagalog </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="vi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vi:Relation (page does not exist)"> Tiếng Việt </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/Tr:Relation" title="Tr:Relation"> Türkçe </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="diq"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diq:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diq:Relation (page does not exist)"> Zazaki </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="el"><a href="/wiki/El:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="El:Relation"> Ελληνικά </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="be"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Be:Relation (page does not exist)"> беларуская </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="bg"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bg:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bg:Relation (page does not exist)"> български </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="mk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mk:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mk:Relation (page does not exist)"> македонски </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="mn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mn:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mn:Relation (page does not exist)"> монгол </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/RU:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="RU:Relation"> русский </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="sr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sr:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sr:Relation (page does not exist)"> српски / srpski </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="uk"><a href="/wiki/Uk:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Uk:Relation"> українська </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hy"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hy:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hy:Relation (page does not exist)"> հայերեն </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="he"><a href="/w/index.php?title=He:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="He:Relation (page does not exist)"> עברית </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/Ar:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar:Relation"> العربية </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="skr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skr:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skr:Relation (page does not exist)"> سرائیکی </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="fa"><a href="/wiki/Fa:Relation" title="Fa:Relation"> فارسی </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pnb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pnb:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pnb:Relation (page does not exist)"> پنجابی </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ps"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ps:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ps:Relation (page does not exist)"> پښتو </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ne"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ne:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ne:Relation (page does not exist)"> नेपाली </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="mr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mr:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mr:Relation (page does not exist)"> मराठी </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="hi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hi:Relation (page does not exist)"> हिन्दी </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="bn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bn:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bn:Relation (page does not exist)"> বাংলা </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="pa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pa:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pa:Relation (page does not exist)"> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ta"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ta:Relation (page does not exist)"> தமிழ் </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ml"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ml:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ml:Relation (page does not exist)"> മലയാളം </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="si"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Si:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Si:Relation (page does not exist)"> සිංහල </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="th"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Th:Relation (page does not exist)"> ไทย </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="my"><a href="/w/index.php?title=My:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="My:Relation (page does not exist)"> မြန်မာဘာသာ </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ko"><a href="/wiki/Ko:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ko:Relation"> 한국어 </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ka"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka:Relation (page does not exist)"> ქართული </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="tzm"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzm:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzm:Relation (page does not exist)"> ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="zh-hans"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zh-hans:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zh-hans:Relation (page does not exist)"> 中文（简体） </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="zh-hant"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zh-hant:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zh-hant:Relation (page does not exist)"> 中文（繁體） </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/JA:Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="JA:Relation"> 日本語 </a></span></li> <li><span dir="auto" lang="yue"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yue:Relation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yue:Relation (page does not exist)"> 粵語 </a></span></li></div> </div> <div class="nomobile" style="background:#EEE;padding:1px"> <div id="ExpandLanguages" class="hlist" style="font-weight:bold;max-height:10000000px;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Other languages...</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floatright"><a href="/wiki/File:Osm_element_relation.svg" class="image"><img alt="Osm element relation.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/120px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" srcset="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/180px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/240px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 2x" /></a></div> <p><b>Relations</b> are structured collections of objects – nodes, ways and other relations. Along with <a href="/wiki/Node" title="Node">nodes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Way" title="Way">ways</a>, they are one of the three core data <a href="/wiki/Elements" title="Elements">elements</a> of the OpenStreetMap data model. </p><p>A relation element must have at least the <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:type" title="Key:type">type</a></bdi>=*</tt> tag, and a group of <b>members</b> which is an ordered list of one or more nodes, ways and/or relations. It is used to define logical or geographic relationships between these different objects (for example a lake and its island, or several roads forming a bus route). A member of a relation can optionally have a <b>role</b>, describing the function that it plays within a relation. Tags describing the collection as a whole should go only on the relation (e.g. wikidata=*, destination=*, ...), except for the name, if any, which should go in the relation members, too. </p><p>As of March 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=Relation&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, OpenStreetMap <a href="https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/reports/database_statistics" class="extiw" title="taginfo:reports/database statistics">contains</a> over 12 million relations. </p> <div style="align-items:center;color:#212529;display:flex;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;margin:2px 0;padding:16px;border-color:#7EBC6F;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;flex:none;padding:0 15px;text-align:left;"><p style="margin:0;"><a href="/wiki/File:About_icon_(The_Noun_Project).svg" class="image"><img alt="information sign" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/About_icon_%28The_Noun_Project%29.svg/24px-About_icon_%28The_Noun_Project%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/About_icon_%28The_Noun_Project%29.svg/36px-About_icon_%28The_Noun_Project%29.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/About_icon_%28The_Noun_Project%29.svg/48px-About_icon_%28The_Noun_Project%29.svg.png 2x" /></a></p></div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;flex:auto;">On tag description pages, <a href="/wiki/Multipolygon" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipolygon">multipolygons</a> are treated as areas <a href="/wiki/Area" title="area"><img alt="area" src="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/20px-Osm_element_area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/30px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/40px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 2x" /></a> rather than relations <a href="/wiki/Relation" title="relation"><img alt="relation" src="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/20px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/30px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/40px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 2x" /></a>, since the same tags apply to both closed ways and multipolygons. See <a href="/wiki/Wiki_FAQ#Why_the_key_should_not_be_used_on_relations?" title="Wiki FAQ">FAQ</a>.</div></div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Usage"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Size"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Size</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Roles"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Roles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Examples_of_relation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Examples of relation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Multipolygon"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Multipolygon</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Bus_route"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bus route</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Other_examples"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Other examples</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Tools"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Tools</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Navigation_on_relations"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Navigation on relations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#OSM_XML"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">OSM XML</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Usage">Usage</span></h2> <p>Relations are used to model logical (and usually local) or geographic relationships between objects. </p><p>They are not designed to hold loosely associated but widely spread items. It would be inappropriate, for instance, to use a relation to group 'all footpaths of England'. See <a href="/wiki/Relations_are_not_categories" title="Relations are not categories">Relations are not categories</a>. </p><p>The most common, simple relations contain only members of geometric types (nodes or ways). Relations may also contain other (child) relations, in which case they are informally called "<a href="/wiki/Super-relation" title="Super-relation">super-relations</a>". It is not usual for a relation to contain both geometric members and child relations, but it is not forbidden. </p><p>To be useful, a relation tree should eventually contain geometric members; otherwise, it would be basically invisible, because it is not attached to anything concrete on the map. An empty relation is permitted to exist in the database, but it is not very useful, except maybe as a placeholder for a future expansion. <a href="/wiki/ID" title="ID">iD</a> editor automatically deletes empty relations obtained by removing members, since they are in most cases inadvertent. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Size">Size</span></h2> <p>There is a technical limit of 32,000 elements in a relation. It is recommended not to use more than about 300 members per relation: the more members are stuffed into a single relation, the harder it is to handle, the easier it breaks, the easier conflicts can show up and the more resources it consumes on the database and server. If you have to handle more than that amount, some recommend creating several relations and combining them in a <a href="/wiki/Super-relation" title="Super-relation">super-relation</a> (a good concept on paper but software support is poor). </p><p>However, having large relations is sometimes inevitable. For example, <a href="/wiki/Relation:boundary" title="Relation:boundary">boundary relation for Russia</a>, the largest country in the world, has over <a class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/60189">4500</a> ways as outer members. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Roles">Roles <a href="/wiki/File:Osm_element_role.svg" class="image"><img alt="Osm element role.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a></span></h2> <p>A <b>role</b> is an optional textual field describing the function of a member in the relation. </p><p>For example, in a <a href="/wiki/Relation:multipolygon" title="Relation:multipolygon">multipolygon relation</a>, <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:outer" title="Role:outer">outer</a></tt> and <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:inner" title="Role:inner">inner</a></tt> are used to specify whether a way forms an outer or an inner part of that multipolygon. </p><p>For a <a href="/wiki/Relation:waterway" title="Relation:waterway">waterway relation</a> of a river (a relation with all the <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:waterway" title="Key:waterway">waterway</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:waterway%3Driver" title="Tag:waterway=river"><bdi>river</bdi></a></tt> of the river and optionally of its tributaries), <i>main_stream</i> on a way will indicate that this is the main part of the river while <i>side_stream</i> is for a branch which will come back in the main stream. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples_of_relation">Examples of relation <a href="/wiki/Relation" title="relation"><img alt="relation" src="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/20px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/30px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/4/48/Osm_element_relation.svg/40px-Osm_element_relation.svg.png 2x" /></a></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Multipolygon">Multipolygon</span></h3> <p><a href="/wiki/Multipolygon" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipolygon">Multipolygons</a> are one of two methods to represent <a href="/wiki/Area" title="area"><img alt="area" src="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/20px-Osm_element_area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/30px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/e/e6/Osm_element_area.svg/40px-Osm_element_area.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">areas</a> in OpenStreetMap. While most areas are represented as a single <a href="/wiki/Way#Area_(closed_way)" title="closed way"><img alt="closed way" src="/w/images/thumb/3/38/Osm_element_closedway.svg/20px-Osm_element_closedway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/3/38/Osm_element_closedway.svg/30px-Osm_element_closedway.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/3/38/Osm_element_closedway.svg/40px-Osm_element_closedway.svg.png 2x" /></a> closed way, almost all area features can also be mapped using multipolygon relations. This is needed when the area needs to exclude inner rings (holes), has multiple outer areas (exclaves), or uses more than ~2000 nodes. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Relation:multipolygon" title="Relation:multipolygon">multipolygon relation</a>, the <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:outer" title="Role:outer">outer</a></tt> and <tt style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="/wiki/Relation#Roles" title="Role"><img alt="Role" src="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/20px-Osm_element_role.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" style="vertical-align: text-bottom" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/30px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/5d/Osm_element_role.svg/40px-Osm_element_role.svg.png 2x" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Role:inner" title="Role:inner">inner</a></tt> roles are used to specify whether a member <a href="/wiki/Way" title="Way">way</a> forms an outer or an inner part of that area. </p><p>For example, for a lake with an island, you will map this as a multipolygon with 2 ways, one way (with no tags) with the role "outer" for the outer border of the lake and one way with the role "inner" for the island (which could have some tags like <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:natural" title="Key:natural">natural</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:natural%3Dbare_rock" title="Tag:natural=bare rock"><bdi>bare_rock</bdi></a></tt> if the island is a rocky area). </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bus_route">Bus route</span></h3> <p>Each variation of a bus route itinerary is represented by a relation with <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:type" title="Key:type">type</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:type%3Droute" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag:type=route"><bdi>route</bdi></a></tt>, <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:route" title="Key:route">route</a></bdi>=<a href="/wiki/Tag:route%3Dbus" title="Tag:route=bus"><bdi>bus</bdi></a></tt> and some recommended tags like <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:name" title="Key:name">name</a></bdi>=*</tt>, <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:ref" title="Key:ref">ref</a></bdi>=*</tt>, <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:from" title="Key:from">from</a></bdi>=*</tt>, <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:to" title="Key:to">to</a></bdi>=*</tt> and <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:operator" title="Key:operator">operator</a></bdi>=*</tt>. </p><p>The first members in the route relation are the nodes representing the stops with the role 'stop'. These are ordered in the way the vehicles travel along them. Then the <a href="/wiki/Way" title="Way">ways</a> are added and will form an ordered sequence along the stop nodes. The ways don't get roles. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_examples">Other examples</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relation:boundary" title="Relation:boundary">Relation:boundary</a> to define different kind of boundaries (administrative, protected areas, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relation:restriction" title="Relation:restriction">Relation:restriction</a> to describe a restriction such as 'no left turn', 'no U-turn' etc.</li> <li>see <a href="/wiki/Types_of_relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of relation">Types of relation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Relations" title="Category:Relations">Category:Relations</a> for more</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Tools">Tools</span></h2> <ul><li>iD: <a class="external autonumber" href="https://community.openstreetmap.org/t/succinct-steps-to-add-a-relation-in-id-editor/87669">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JOSM/Advanced_editing#Relations" title="JOSM/Advanced editing">JOSM/Advanced_editing#Relations</a>: to work with relations in JOSM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potlatch_2/relations" title="Potlatch 2/relations">Potlatch 2/relations</a>: to work with relations in Potlatch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relatify" title="Relatify">Relatify</a>: simple edition of bus and tram routes (in Public Transport v2 (PTv2) standard)</li> <li>Show a relation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/11">Example id=11</a></li> <li>Show history of a relation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/11/history">Example id=11</a></li> <li>Rendering a relation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/?way=8125151">Example id=11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relation_Analyzer" title="Relation Analyzer">Relation Analyzer</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ra.osmsurround.org">ra.osmsurround.org</a>) - to analyse a relation (e.g. show gaps in route relations) or to look for a relation by name, type, operator...</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osm.mapki.com/history/">Mapki's Deep Diff</a> - to analyse: e.g. show role changes individual members, show modifications of the memberlist via object history view for each object version</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relation_Diff" title="Relation Diff">Relation Diff</a> - to compare relations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations/Relations_to_GPX" title="Relations/Relations to GPX">Create a gpx file from a relation</a> - for example to visualise the relation on a map</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rel2gpx" title="Rel2gpx">Rel2gpx</a> - to filter ways of a relation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.geofabrik.de/osmi/?view=pubtrans_routes&overlays=ptv2_error_ways">OSM Inspector (Geofabrik) - PTv2 route relations errors on ways</a> - for checking gaps and member list disorder of <a href="/wiki/Proposed_features/Public_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed features/Public Transport">PTv2</a> relations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_Network_Analysis" title="Public Transport Network Analysis">Public Transport Network Analysis</a> - for checking gaps, order of ways, one-way rules and inconsistent data between route and master in Public Transport v2 relations (also basic support for PTv1 routes).</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Navigation_on_relations">Navigation on relations</span></h2> <p><a href="/wiki/OSRM" class="mw-redirect" title="OSRM">OSRM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valhalla" title="Valhalla">Valhalla</a> can use certain route relation roles to influence guidance instructions when a route represents both <a href="/wiki/Route_directions" title="Route directions">directions of travel</a>. </p><p>For example, some bicycle routers prefer to route on roads with existing bicycle route (as indicator of cycling usability). An application may also follow a <tt dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="background:#EEF;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6"><bdi style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Key:pilgrimage" title="Key:pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a></bdi>=*</tt> route relation or, more generally, try to route along the minimum number of numbered road routes. </p><p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="OSM_XML">OSM XML</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>Main article:</i> <a href="/wiki/OSM_XML" title="OSM XML">OSM XML</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span> <span class="nt"><relation</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"13092746"</span> <span class="na">visible=</span><span class="s">"true"</span> <span class="na">version=</span><span class="s">"7"</span> <span class="na">changeset=</span><span class="s">"118825758"</span> <span class="na">timestamp=</span><span class="s">"2022-03-23T15:05:48Z"</span> <span class="na">user=</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="na">uid=</span><span class="s">""</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="nt"><member</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"node"</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"5690770815"</span> <span class="na">role=</span><span class="s">"stop"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><member</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"node"</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"5751940550"</span> <span class="na">role=</span><span class="s">"stop"</span><span class="nt">/></span> ... <span class="nt"><member</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"node"</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"1764649495"</span> <span class="na">role=</span><span class="s">"stop"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><member</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"way"</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"96562914"</span> <span class="na">role=</span><span class="s">""</span><span class="nt">/></span> ... <span class="nt"><member</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"way"</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"928474550"</span> <span class="na">role=</span><span class="s">""</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"from"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"Encre"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"name"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"9-Montagnes de Guyane"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"network"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"Agglo'bus"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"not:network:wikidata"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"Q3537943"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"operator"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"CACL"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"ref"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"9"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"route"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"bus"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"source"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"https://www.cacl-guyane.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PLAN-RESEAU-URBAIN-AGGLO-BUS-1.pdf"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"to"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"Lycée Balata"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"type"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"route"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"><tag</span> <span class="na">k=</span><span class="s">"website"</span> <span class="na">v=</span><span class="s">"https://www.cacl-guyane.fr/lagglo-au-quotidien/se-deplacer/transport-urbain-2/"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="nt"></relation></span> </pre></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations/Relations_are_not_Categories" class="mw-redirect" title="Relations/Relations are not Categories">Relations are not categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_relations" title="Empty relations">Empty relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Examples" class="mw-redirect" title="Video Examples">Video Examples</a></li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" class="navbox" style="margin:2px 0;line-height:1.6;;"><tbody><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox-title" style=";"><div style="float:left;width:7em;text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="font-size:xx-small;background:none;padding:0;font-weight:normal;;;;border:none"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elements" title="Template:Elements"><bdi title="View this template." style=";;border:none"><abbr>v</abbr></bdi></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elements" title="Template talk:Elements"><bdi title="Discuss this template." style=";;border:none"><abbr>d</abbr></bdi></a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Elements&action=edit"><bdi title="Edit this template." style=";;border:none"><abbr>e</abbr></bdi></a></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%">OpenStreetMap data model</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:1px"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;;"><a href="/wiki/Elements" title="Elements">Elements</a></td><td style="border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;text-align:left;width:100%;padding:0;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0 .25em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Node" title="Node">Node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way" title="Way">Way</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Relation</a></li> <li>(<i>former</i>: <a href="/wiki/Segment" title="Segment">Segment</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:1px"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;;"><a href="/wiki/Tags" title="Tags">Tags</a></td><td style="border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;text-align:left;width:100%;padding:0;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0 .25em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Key</li> <li>Value</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:1px"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;;"><a href="/wiki/Semantic_elements" title="Semantic elements">Semantic elements</a></td><td style="border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;text-align:left;width:100%;padding:0;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0 .25em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Node" title="Node">Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way" title="Way">Linear features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Relational</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:1px"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;;">Related concepts</td><td style="border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;text-align:left;width:100%;padding:0;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0 .25em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changeset" title="Changeset">Changeset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preset" 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