CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tomato - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"48466bf6-dc7b-49a9-9196-0dd87bd80498","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tomato","wgTitle":"Tomato","wgCurRevisionId":1256644638,"wgRevisionId":1256644638,"wgArticleId":9940234,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Articles containing Catalan-language text","Articles containing Finnish-language text","CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Good articles","Use dmy dates from August 2023","Articles with 'species' microformats","Articles containing Spanish-language text", "Articles containing Classical Nahuatl-language text","Pages with Nahuatl languages IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing Italian-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing French-language text","Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items","Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs","Taxonbars with 30–34 taxon IDs","Tomatoes","Crops originating from Mexico","Crops originating from indigenous Americans","Crops originating from South America","Fruit vegetables","Fruits originating in North America","Fruits originating in South America","Plants described in 1753","Solanum"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tomato","wgRelevantArticleId":9940234,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q23501","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/1200px-Tomato_je.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="998"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/800px-Tomato_je.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="665"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/640px-Tomato_je.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="532"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tomato - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Tomato rootpage-Tomato skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tomato" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tomato" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tomato" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tomato" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Naming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Naming</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Naming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Naming subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Spanish distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Botany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Botany</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Botany-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Botany subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Botany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plant_breeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plant_breeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Plant breeding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plant_breeding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plant breeding subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plant_breeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeding_of_modern_commercial_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeding_of_modern_commercial_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Breeding of modern commercial varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeding_of_modern_commercial_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hydroponic_and_greenhouse_cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydroponic_and_greenhouse_cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydroponic_and_greenhouse_cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Picking_and_ripening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Picking_and_ripening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Picking and ripening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Picking_and_ripening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pests_and_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pests_and_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pests and diseases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pests_and_diseases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pests and diseases subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pests_and_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Pests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>As food</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-As_food-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle As food subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-As_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_on_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Effects on health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Toxins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salmonella_outbreaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salmonella_outbreaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span><i>Salmonella</i> outbreaks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salmonella_outbreaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Celebrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celebrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Celebrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celebrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruit_or_vegetable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit_or_vegetable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Fruit or vegetable</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit_or_vegetable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tomato</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 193 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-193" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">193 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trueng_kl%C3%A9ng" title="Trueng kléng – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Trueng kléng" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бэдрэжан – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Бэдрэжан" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamatie" title="Tamatie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tamatie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B2%E1%88%9B%E1%89%B2%E1%88%9D" title="ቲማቲም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቲማቲም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toomaat" title="Toomaat – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Toomaat" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulfpersoc" title="Wulfpersoc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wulfpersoc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Атомат – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Атомат" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85" title="طماطم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طماطم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" title="Solanum lycopersicum – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Solanum lycopersicum" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Լոլիկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լոլիկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumat%C3%A2" title="Dumatâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Dumatâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" title="Solanum lycopersicum – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Solanum lycopersicum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritamate" title="Ritamate – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Ritamate" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1te" title="Tomáte – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tomáte" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomidor" title="Pomidor – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pomidor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="پامادور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پامادور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B" title="টমেটো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টমেটো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinjan" title="Balinjan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Balinjan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kam-%C3%A1-bi%CC%8Dt" title="Kam-á-bi̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kam-á-bi̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Помидор – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Помидор" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Тамат звычайны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тамат звычайны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Памідоры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Памідоры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="टमाटर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टमाटर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatis" title="Kamatis – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kamatis" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Домат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Домат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradeiser" title="Paradeiser – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Paradeiser" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྡུམ་སྒོང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྡུམ་སྒོང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradajz" title="Paradajz – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Paradajz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatez" title="Tomatez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tomatez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A0quet" title="Tomàquet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tomàquet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Томат – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Томат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" title="Solanum lycopersicum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Solanum lycopersicum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj%C4%8De_jedl%C3%A9" title="Rajče jedlé – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rajče jedlé" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madomasi" title="Madomasi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Madomasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpwetekele" title="Mpwetekele – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Mpwetekele" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumata" title="Pumata – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Pumata" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tomato" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamantoo" title="Kamantoo – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kamantoo" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomate" title="Tomate – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tomate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%AA_%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%81%DE%A8" title="ވިލާތު ބަށި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވިލާތު ބަށި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%CA%BCil_%C5%82ichx%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Chʼil łichxíʼí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chʼil łichxíʼí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomata" title="Tomata – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Tomata" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Τομάτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τομάτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" title="Solanum lycopersicum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Solanum lycopersicum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tomato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" title="Solanum lycopersicum – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Solanum lycopersicum" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomate" title="Tomate – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tomate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="گوجه‌فرنگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوجه‌فرنگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomate" title="Tomate – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tomate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1ta" title="Tráta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tráta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traase" title="Traase – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Traase" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A0to" title="Tomàto – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tomàto" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomate" title="Tomate – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tomate" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E8%8C%84" title="番茄 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="番茄" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1" title="پامادؤر – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پامادؤر" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3-m%C3%A2-t%C3%B4" title="Thó-mâ-tô – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thó-mâ-tô" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A7%88%ED%86%A0" title="토마토 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토마토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumatir" title="Tumatir – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tumatir" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Dhi%CA%BBa_lomi" title="ʻōhiʻa lomi – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻōhiʻa lomi" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Լոլիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոլիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="टमाटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टमाटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomata" title="Tomata – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Tomata" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj%C4%8Dica" title="Rajčica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rajčica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamate" title="Tamate – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Tamate" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatis" title="Kamatis – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kamatis" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatiero" title="Tomatiero – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tomatiero" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%92%A5%E1%93%97%E1%91%A6%E1%93%B1%E1%91%B3%E1%92%90%E1%96%85" title="ᒥᓗᑦᓱᑳᒐᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᒥᓗᑦᓱᑳᒐᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumaitu" title="Tumaitu – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tumaitu" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Пъамидор – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пъамидор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utamatisi" title="Utamatisi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Utamatisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3matur" title="Tómatur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tómatur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" title="Solanum lycopersicum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solanum lycopersicum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="עגבנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עגבנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%A9maat%C9%A9" title="Tɩmaatɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɩmaatɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A" title="ಟೊಮೇಟೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟೊಮೇಟೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatis" title="Kamatis – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kamatis" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჩვეულებრივი პომიდორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩვეულებრივი პომიდორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF%D9%86" title="رُوانٛگن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رُوانٛگن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Қызанақ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қызанақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyanya" title="Inyanya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Inyanya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomati" title="Tomati – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Tomati" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnyanya" title="Mnyanya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mnyanya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacansork" title="Bacansork – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bacansork" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Помидор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Помидор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Помидор – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Помидор" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Помидор – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Помидор" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" title="Solanum lycopersicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Solanum lycopersicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C4%81ts" title="Tomāts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tomāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomidoras" title="Pomidoras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pomidoras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A2ta" title="Tomâta – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tomâta" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1ti" title="Tomáti – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Tomáti" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradicsom_(n%C3%B6v%C3%A9nyfaj)" title="Paradicsom (növényfaj) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paradicsom (növényfaj)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rant%C3%A8" title="Rantè – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Rantè" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="टमाटर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="टमाटर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Домат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Домат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voatabia" title="Voatabia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Voatabia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="തക്കാളി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തക്കാളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B" title="टोमॅटो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टोमॅटो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="პამინდორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პამინდორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%87" title="اوطه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوطه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اروس‌بانگان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اروس‌بانگان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tomato" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C4%83ng-k%C3%AA" title="Huăng-kê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huăng-kê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Помидор – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Помидор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Улаан лооль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Улаан лооль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ခရမ်းချဉ်ပင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရမ်းချဉ်ပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitomatl" title="Xitomatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xitomatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomaat" title="Tomaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tomaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="गोलभेडा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गोलभेडा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%83%88" title="トマト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トマト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pummarola" title="Pummarola – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pummarola" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B6" title="Бадарж – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бадарж" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomoot" title="Tomoot – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tomoot" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomata" title="Tomata – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tomata" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomidor" title="Pomidor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pomidor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਟਮਾਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟਮਾਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Tomato" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ٹماٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹماٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رومي بانجان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رومي بانجان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87" title="ប៉េងប៉ោះ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៉េងប៉ោះ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomidor_zwyczajny" title="Pomidor zwyczajny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pomidor zwyczajny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomate" title="Tomate – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tomate" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomidor" title="Pomidor – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Pomidor" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C8%99ie" title="Roșie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Roșie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilltu" title="Chilltu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chilltu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Томат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Томат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/kamulaw" title="kamulaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="kamulaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="वार्तकी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वार्तकी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F.%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱤᱞᱟ.ᱛᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱤᱞᱟ.ᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ٹماٹر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ٹماٹر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamata" title="Tamata – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tamata" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomata" title="Tomata – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tomata" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomoate" title="Tomoate – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tomoate" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamati" title="Tamati – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Tamati" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domatja" title="Domatja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Domatja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumadoru" title="Pumadoru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pumadoru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92" title="තක්කාලි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තක්කාලි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tomato" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%BD%D9%88" title="ٽماٽو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽماٽو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj%C4%8Diak_jedl%C3%BD" title="Rajčiak jedlý – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rajčiak jedlý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradi%C5%BEnik" title="Paradižnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Paradižnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AFmata" title="Tůmata – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tůmata" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaanyo" title="Yaanyo – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Yaanyo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%95" title="تەماتە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەماتە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B7" title="Парадајз – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парадајз" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj%C4%8Dica" title="Rajčica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rajčica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomaatti" title="Tomaatti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tomaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatis" title="Kamatis – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kamatis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="தக்காளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தக்காளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B" title="టమాటో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టమాటో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="มะเขือเทศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มะเขือเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Помидор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Помидор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temata" title="Temata – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Temata" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%94%E1%8E%B9%E1%8F%9F" title="ᏔᎹᏟ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏔᎹᏟ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A" title="ಟೊಮೆಟೊ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಟೊಮೆಟೊ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domates" title="Domates – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Domates" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomidor" title="Pomidor – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pomidor" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Помидор – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Помидор" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Помидор – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Помидор" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Помідор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Помідор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ٹماٹر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹماٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%89%D8%AF%DB%87%D8%B1" title="پەمىدۇر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پەمىدۇر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makyungz" title="Makyungz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Makyungz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0_chua" title="Cà chua – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cà chua" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomate" title="Tomate – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tomate" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatte" title="Tomatte – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tomatte" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatis" title="Kamatis – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kamatis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E8%8C%84" title="番茄 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="番茄" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2" title="טאמאטע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאמאטע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2m%C3%A1t%C3%B2" title="Tòmátò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tòmátò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E8%8C%84" title="番茄 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="番茄" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eam%C4%B1ke" title="Şamıke – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şamıke" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam%C4%97duors" title="Pamėduors – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pamėduors" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E8%8C%84" title="番茄 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="番茄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambatus" title="Tambatus – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Tambatus" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timati" title="Timati – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Timati" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Tomato" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomat" title="Tomat – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tomat" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomate" title="Tomate – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Tomate" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23501#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tomato" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tomato"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomato&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomato&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tomato"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomato&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomato&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tomato" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tomato" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomato&oldid=1256644638" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomato&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tomato&id=1256644638&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTomato"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTomato"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tomato&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomato&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23501" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Edible berry</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tomato_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tomato (disambiguation)">Tomato (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Tomato </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_je.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/220px-Tomato_je.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/330px-Tomato_je.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/440px-Tomato_je.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1497" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Solanum" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solanum" title="Solanum"><i>Solanum</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>S. lycopersicum</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Solanum lycopersicum</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-NHM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i>Lycopersicon lycopersicum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(L. H. Karst.)</span></li><li><i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mill.)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>tomato</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>), <i><b>Solanum lycopersicum</b></i>, is a plant whose fruit is an edible <a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">berry</a> that is eaten as a vegetable. The tomato is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Nightshade_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightshade family">nightshade family</a> that includes <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>. It originated from and was domesticated in western <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. It was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> by the Spanish in the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a> in the 16th century. </p><p>Tomato plants are vines, largely <a href="/wiki/Annual_plant" title="Annual plant">annual</a> and vulnerable to frost, though sometimes living longer in greenhouses. The flowers are able to self-fertilise. Modern varieties have been bred to ripen uniformly red, in a process that has impaired the fruit's sweetness and flavor. There are thousands of cultivars, varying in size, color, shape, and flavor. Tomatoes are attacked by many insect pests and nematodes, and are subject to diseases caused by viruses and by <a href="/wiki/Mildew" title="Mildew">mildew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blight" title="Blight">blight</a> fungi. </p><p>The tomato has a strong savoury <a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">umami</a> flavor, and is an important ingredient in cuisines around the world. It is used in <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizzas</a>, pasta sauces, soups such as <a href="/wiki/Gazpacho" title="Gazpacho">gazpacho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curries</a> including <a href="/wiki/Dhansak" title="Dhansak">dhansak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rogan_josh" title="Rogan josh">rogan josh</a>, as juice, and in <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Mary_(cocktail)" title="Bloody Mary (cocktail)">Bloody Mary cocktails</a>. Tomato festivals are held annually in <a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1ol" title="Buñol">Buñol</a>, Spain, in <a href="/wiki/Reynoldsburg,_Ohio" title="Reynoldsburg, Ohio">Reynoldsburg, Ohio</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4rpes" title="Närpes">Närpes</a>, Finland. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming">Naming</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3></div> <p>The word <i>tomato</i> comes from the Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tomate</i></span>, which in turn comes from the <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> word <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">tomatl</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[ˈtomat͡ɬ]</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/52\/Tomatl.ogg\/Tomatl.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tomatl.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Tomatl.ogg/Tomatl.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomatl.ogg" title="File:Tomatl.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">specific name</a> <i>lycopersicum</i>, meaning "wolf peach", originated with <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a>, who used it to denote a plant that has never been identified. <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Anguillara" title="Luigi Anguillara">Luigi Anguillara</a> speculated in the 16th century that Galen's <i>lycopersicum</i> might be the tomato, and despite the impossibility of this identification, <i>lycopersicum</i> entered scientific use as a name for the fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3></div> <p>The usual pronunciations of <i>tomato</i> are <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> (in <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American English</a>) and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> (in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_Dictionaries_Online-2015_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_Dictionaries_Online-2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British pronunciation was like the American until the <a href="/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift" title="Great Vowel Shift">Great Vowel Shift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word's <a href="/wiki/Free_variation" title="Free variation">dual pronunciations</a> were immortalized in <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a>'s 1937 song "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Call_the_Whole_Thing_Off" title="Let's Call the Whole Thing Off">Let's Call the Whole Thing Off</a>" ("You like <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> and I like <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> / You like <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> and I like <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Solanum_lycopersicum_var._lycopersicum_-_old_tomato_herbarium_sheet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Solanum_lycopersicum_var._lycopersicum_-_old_tomato_herbarium_sheet.jpg/170px-Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Solanum_lycopersicum_var._lycopersicum_-_old_tomato_herbarium_sheet.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Solanum_lycopersicum_var._lycopersicum_-_old_tomato_herbarium_sheet.jpg/255px-Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Solanum_lycopersicum_var._lycopersicum_-_old_tomato_herbarium_sheet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Solanum_lycopersicum_var._lycopersicum_-_old_tomato_herbarium_sheet.jpg/340px-Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Solanum_lycopersicum_var._lycopersicum_-_old_tomato_herbarium_sheet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption><i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> var. <i>lycopersicum</i>: the oldest surviving tomato fruit and leaves. Page from the <i><a href="/wiki/En_Tibi_Herbarium" title="En Tibi Herbarium">En Tibi Herbarium</a></i>, 1558. Naturalis Leiden.</figcaption></figure> <p>The likely wild ancestor of the tomato, the red-fruited <i><a href="/wiki/Solanum_pimpinellifolium" title="Solanum pimpinellifolium">Solanum pimpinellifolium</a></i>, is native to western South America, where it was probably first domesticated. The resulting domesticated plant, ancestral to the modern large-fruited tomato varieties, was probably the cherry tomato, <i>S. lycopersicum</i> var. <i>cerasiforme</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lin-2014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lin-2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Estabrook-2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estabrook-2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, genomic analysis suggests that the domestication process may have been more complex than this. <i>S. lycopersicon</i> var. <i>cerasiforme</i> may have existed before domestication, while traits supposedly typical of domestication may have been reduced in that variety and then reselected (in a case of <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergent evolution</a>) in the cultivated tomato. The analysis predicts that var. <i>cerasiforme</i> appeared around 78,000 years ago, while the cultivated tomato originated around 7,000 years ago (5,000 BCE), with substantial uncertainty, making it unclear how humans may have been involved in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-Razifard-2020_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Razifard-2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish first introduced tomatoes to Europe, where they became used in Spanish food. Elsewhere in Europe, its first use was ornamental, not least because it was understood to be related to the <a href="/wiki/Nightshade" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightshade">nightshades</a> and assumed to be poisonous.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-2018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</h3></div> <p>The exact date of domestication is unknown; by 500 BC, it was already being cultivated in southern <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and probably other areas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199413_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199413-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> people believed that tomato seeds could confer powers of <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a>. The large, lumpy variety of tomato, a mutation from a smoother, smaller fruit, originated in Mesoamerica, and may be the direct ancestor of some modern cultivated tomatoes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199415_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199415-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Aztecs raised several varieties of tomato, with red tomatoes called <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">xitomatl</i></span> and green tomatoes (physalis) called <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">tomatl</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Tomatillo" title="Tomatillo">tomatillo</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a> reported seeing a great variety of tomatoes in the Aztec market at Tenochtitlán (Mexico City): "large tomatoes, small tomatoes, leaf tomatoes, sweet tomatoes, large serpent tomatoes, nipple-shaped tomatoes", and tomatoes of all colors from the brightest red to the deepest yellow.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sahagún mentioned Aztecs cooking various sauces, some with tomatoes of different sizes, serving them in city markets: "foods sauces, hot sauces; ... with tomatoes, ... sauce of large tomatoes, sauce of ordinary tomatoes, ..."<sup id="cite_ref-Coe-2015_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coe-2015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_distribution">Spanish distribution</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrival_of_Cort%C3%A9s_in_Veracruz_and_Reception_by_Moctezuma%27s_Ambassadors_Painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrival_of_Cort%C3%A9s_in_Veracruz_and_Reception_by_Moctezuma%27s_Ambassadors_Painting.jpg/220px-Arrival_of_Cort%C3%A9s_in_Veracruz_and_Reception_by_Moctezuma%27s_Ambassadors_Painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrival_of_Cort%C3%A9s_in_Veracruz_and_Reception_by_Moctezuma%27s_Ambassadors_Painting.jpg/330px-Arrival_of_Cort%C3%A9s_in_Veracruz_and_Reception_by_Moctezuma%27s_Ambassadors_Painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Arrival_of_Cort%C3%A9s_in_Veracruz_and_Reception_by_Moctezuma%27s_Ambassadors_Painting.jpg/440px-Arrival_of_Cort%C3%A9s_in_Veracruz_and_Reception_by_Moctezuma%27s_Ambassadors_Painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Soon after <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a>'s conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a>, the tomato was brought from Mexico (his arrival there pictured) to Europe in the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-López-Terrada_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-López-Terrada-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistador</a> <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a>'s capture of Tenochtitlan in 1521 initiated the widespread cultural and biological interchange called the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a>; certainly the tomato was being grown in Europe within a few years of that event.<sup id="cite_ref-López-Terrada_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-López-Terrada-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest discussion of the tomato in European literature appeared in <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Andrea_Mattioli" title="Pietro Andrea Mattioli">Pietro Andrea Mattioli</a>'s 1544 <a href="/wiki/Herbal" title="Herbal">herbal</a>. He suggested that a new type of <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a> had been brought to Italy. He stated that it was blood red or golden color when mature, and could be divided into segments and eaten like an eggplant—that is, cooked and seasoned with salt, black pepper, and oil. Ten years later Mattioli named the fruits in print as <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">pomi d'oro</i></span>, or "golden apples".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199413_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199413-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonization of the Americas</a>, the Spanish distributed the tomato throughout their colonies in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. They brought it to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, from where it spread to <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">southeast Asia</a> and then the whole of Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Hancock-2022_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hancock-2022-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish brought the tomato to Europe, where it grew easily in <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climates</a>; cultivation began in the 1540s. It was probably eaten shortly after it was introduced, and was certainly being used as food by the early 17th century in Spain, as documented in the 1618 play <i>La octava maravilla</i> by <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a> with "lovelier than ... a tomato in season".<sup id="cite_ref-López-Terrada_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-López-Terrada-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3></div> <p>The tomato was introduced to China, likely via the Philippines or Macau, in the 16th century. It was given the name 番茄 <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">fānqié</i></span> (foreign eggplant), as the Chinese named many foodstuffs introduced from abroad, but referring specifically to early introductions.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TomateSanMarzano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/TomateSanMarzano.jpg/170px-TomateSanMarzano.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/TomateSanMarzano.jpg/255px-TomateSanMarzano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/TomateSanMarzano.jpg/340px-TomateSanMarzano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/San_Marzano_tomato" title="San Marzano tomato">San Marzano</a> is a well-known <a href="/wiki/Plum_tomato" title="Plum tomato">plum tomato</a> highly prized for making <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1548, when the house steward of <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_de%27_Medici" title="Cosimo de' Medici">Cosimo de' Medici</a>, the grand duke of <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, wrote to the Medici private secretary informing him that the basket of tomatoes sent from the grand duke's Florentine estate at <a href="/wiki/Torre_del_Gallo" title="Torre del Gallo">Torre del Gallo</a> "had arrived safely".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomatoes were grown mainly as ornamentals early on after their arrival in Italy. For example, the Florentine aristocrat Giovanvettorio Soderini wrote how they "were to be sought only for their beauty", and were grown only in gardens or flower beds. The tomato's ability to mutate and create new and different varieties helped contribute to its success and spread throughout Italy. However, in areas where the climate supported growing tomatoes, their habit of growing close to the ground suggested low status. They were not adopted as a staple of the peasant population because they were not as filling as other crops. Additionally, both toxic and inedible varieties discouraged many people from attempting to consume or prepare any other varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In certain areas of Italy, such as Florence, the fruit was used solely as a tabletop decoration, until it was incorporated into the local cuisine in the late 17th or early 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest discovered cookbook with tomato recipes was published in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> in 1692, though the author had apparently obtained these recipes from Spanish sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199417_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199417-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Varieties were developed over the following centuries for drying, for sauce, for pizzas, and for long-term storage. These varieties are usually known for their place of origin as much as by a variety name. For example, there is the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Pomodorino_del_Piennolo_del_Vesuvio" title="Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio">Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio</a></i></span>, the "hanging tomato of Vesuvius", and the well known and highly prized <a href="/wiki/San_Marzano_tomato" title="San Marzano tomato">San Marzano tomato</a> grown in that region, with a European <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a> certification.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britain">Britain</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomatoes_for_sale_in_a_UK_supermarket_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tomatoes_for_sale_in_a_UK_supermarket_2013.jpg/220px-Tomatoes_for_sale_in_a_UK_supermarket_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tomatoes_for_sale_in_a_UK_supermarket_2013.jpg/330px-Tomatoes_for_sale_in_a_UK_supermarket_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tomatoes_for_sale_in_a_UK_supermarket_2013.jpg/440px-Tomatoes_for_sale_in_a_UK_supermarket_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="2324" /></a><figcaption>Tomatoes for sale in a UK supermarket</figcaption></figure> <p>Tomatoes were not grown in England until the 1590s. One of the earliest cultivators was <a href="/wiki/John_Gerard" title="John Gerard">John Gerard</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Barber_surgeon" title="Barber surgeon">barber-surgeon</a>. Gerard's <i>Herbal</i>, published in 1597, and largely <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarized</a> from continental sources, is also one of the earliest discussions of the tomato in England. Gerard knew the tomato was eaten in Spain and Italy. Nonetheless, he believed it was poisonous. Gerard's views were influential, and the tomato was considered unfit for eating for many years in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">North American colonies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199417_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199417-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1820, tomatoes were described as "to be seen in great abundance in all our vegetable markets" and to be "used by all our best cooks", reference was made to their cultivation in gardens still "for the singularity of their appearance", while their use in cooking was associated with exotic Italian or Jewish cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell_(illustrator)" title="Elizabeth Blackwell (illustrator)">Elizabeth Blackwell</a>'s <i>A Curious Herbal</i>, it is described under the name "Love Apple (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Amoris Pomum</i></span>)" as being consumed with oil and vinegar in Italy, similar to consumption of cucumbers in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> gave an explanation of the name 'Love Apple' as a French misreading of the Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">pomo dei Mori</i></span> ("the Moors' apple") as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pomme d'amour</i></span>, ("apple of love").<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomatoes_in_a_screen_house_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tomatoes_in_a_screen_house_02.jpg/110px-Tomatoes_in_a_screen_house_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tomatoes_in_a_screen_house_02.jpg/165px-Tomatoes_in_a_screen_house_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tomatoes_in_a_screen_house_02.jpg/220px-Tomatoes_in_a_screen_house_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Tomatoes in Ghana</figcaption></figure> <p>The tomato was introduced to cultivation in the Middle East by <a href="/wiki/John_Barker_(diplomat)" title="John Barker (diplomat)">John Barker</a>, British consul in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1799 to 1825</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nineteenth century descriptions of its consumption are uniformly as an ingredient in a cooked dish. In 1881, it is described as only eaten in the region "within the last forty years".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NRCSHI07018_-_Hawaii_(716072)(NRCS_Photo_Gallery).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NRCSHI07018_-_Hawaii_%28716072%29%28NRCS_Photo_Gallery%29.jpg/220px-NRCSHI07018_-_Hawaii_%28716072%29%28NRCS_Photo_Gallery%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NRCSHI07018_-_Hawaii_%28716072%29%28NRCS_Photo_Gallery%29.jpg/330px-NRCSHI07018_-_Hawaii_%28716072%29%28NRCS_Photo_Gallery%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NRCSHI07018_-_Hawaii_%28716072%29%28NRCS_Photo_Gallery%29.jpg/440px-NRCSHI07018_-_Hawaii_%28716072%29%28NRCS_Photo_Gallery%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1572" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plum_tomato" title="Plum tomato">Plum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry_tomato" title="Cherry tomato">cherry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grape_tomato" title="Grape tomato">grape</a> varieties, Honolulu</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest reference to tomatoes being grown in <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> is from 1710, when herbalist <a href="/wiki/William_Salmon" title="William Salmon">William Salmon</a> saw them in what is today <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199425_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199425-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perhaps introduced from the Caribbean. By the mid-18th century, they were cultivated on some Carolina plantations, and probably in other parts of the Southeast. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, who ate tomatoes in Paris, sent some seeds back to America.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199428_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199428-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some early American advocates of the culinary use of the tomato included <a href="/wiki/Michele_Felice_Corn%C3%A8" title="Michele Felice Cornè">Michele Felice Cornè</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gibbon_Johnson" title="Robert Gibbon Johnson">Robert Gibbon Johnson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Americans considered tomatoes to be poisonous at this time and, in general, they were grown more as <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental plants</a> than as food. In 1897, W. H. Garrison stated, "The belief was once transmitted that the tomato was sinisterly dangerous." He recalled in his youth tomatoes were dubbed "love-apples or wolf-apples" and shunned as "globes of the devil".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Alexander_W._Livingston" title="Alexander W. Livingston">Alexander W. Livingston</a> (1821–1898) began developing the tomato as a commercial crop, his aim had been to grow tomatoes smooth in contour, uniform in size, and sweet in flavor. He eventually developed over seventeen varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1994152_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1994152-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. Department of Agriculture's 1937 yearbook declared that "half of the major varieties were a result of the abilities of the Livingstons to evaluate and perpetuate superior material in the tomato." Livingston's first breed of tomato, the Paragon, was introduced in 1870. In 1875, he introduced the Acme, said to be in the parentage of most cultivars for the next twenty-five years. Other early breeders included Henry Tilden in Iowa and a Dr. Hand in Baltimore.<sup id="cite_ref-Boswell-1937_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boswell-1937-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the tomato's need for heat and a long growing season, several states in the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Belt" title="Sun Belt">Sun Belt</a> became major producers, particularly <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. In California, tomatoes are grown under <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> for both the fresh market and for <a href="/wiki/Canned_tomatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Canned tomatoes">canning</a> and processing. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a>'s C.M. Rick Tomato Genetics Resource Center maintains a gene bank of wild relatives, monogenic mutants and genetic stocks.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research on processing tomatoes is also conducted by the California Tomato Research Institute in <a href="/wiki/Escalon,_California" title="Escalon, California">Escalon, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In California, growers have used a method of cultivation called <a href="/wiki/Dry-farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry-farming">dry-farming</a>, especially with <a href="/wiki/Early_Girl" title="Early Girl">Early Girl</a> tomatoes. This technique encourages the plant to send roots deep to find existing moisture.<sup id="cite_ref-Kornei-2023_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kornei-2023-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Botany">Botany</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Description">Description</h3></div> <p>Tomato plants are vines, becoming <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms#decumbent" title="Glossary of botanical terms">decumbent</a>, and can grow up to 3 m (9.8 ft); bush varieties are generally no more than 100 cm (3 ft 3 in) tall. They are tender perennials, often grown as annuals.<sup id="cite_ref-MissouriBG_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MissouriBG-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SEINet_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEINet-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tomato plants are <a href="/wiki/Dicot" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicot">dicots</a>. They grow as a series of branching stems, with a terminal bud at the tip that does the actual growing. When the tip eventually stops growing, whether because of pruning or flowering, lateral buds take over and grow into new, fully functional, vines.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomato vines are typically pubescent, meaning covered with fine short hairs. The hairs facilitate the vining process, turning into roots wherever the plant is in contact with the ground and moisture, especially if the vine's connection to its original root has been damaged or severed.<sup id="cite_ref-SingaporeNP_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SingaporeNP-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaves</a> are 10–25 cm (4–10 in) long, odd <a href="/wiki/Pinnation" title="Pinnation">pinnate</a>, with five to nine leaflets on <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petioles</a>, each leaflet up to 8 cm (3 in) long, with a serrated margin; both the stem and leaves are densely glandular-hairy.<sup id="cite_ref-North_Carolina_Extension_Gardener_Plant_Toolbox_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-North_Carolina_Extension_Gardener_Plant_Toolbox-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tomato flowers are bisexual and are able to self fertilize. As tomatoes were moved from their native areas, their traditional <a href="/wiki/Pollinator" title="Pollinator">pollinators</a> (probably a species of <a href="/wiki/Halictidae" title="Halictidae">halictid bee</a>) did not move with them.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharma-2012_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma-2012-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trait of self-fertility became an advantage, and domestic <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of tomato have been selected to maximize this trait.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharma-2012_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma-2012-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is not the same as <a href="/wiki/Self-pollination" title="Self-pollination">self-pollination</a>, despite the common claim that tomatoes do so. That tomatoes pollinate themselves poorly without outside aid is clearly shown in <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouse</a> situations, where pollination must be aided by artificial wind, vibration of the plants, or by cultured <a href="/wiki/Bumblebee" title="Bumblebee">bumblebees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The flowers develop on the apical <a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">meristem</a>. They have the <a href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">anthers</a> fused along the edges, forming a column surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Pistil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistil">pistil</a>'s style. The anthers bend into a cone-like structure, surrounding the stigma. The flowers are 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) across, yellow, with five pointed lobes on the <a href="/wiki/Catacorolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Catacorolla">corolla</a>; they are borne in a <a href="/wiki/Cyme_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyme (botany)">cyme</a> of three to twelve together.<sup id="cite_ref-SingaporeNP_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SingaporeNP-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RHS_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHS-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fruit develops from the ovary of the plant after fertilization, its flesh comprising the pericarp walls. The fruit contains <a href="/wiki/Locule" title="Locule">locules</a>, hollow spaces full of seeds. These vary among cultivated varieties. Some smaller varieties have two locules; globe-shaped varieties typically have three to five; <a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_tomato" title="Beefsteak tomato">beefsteak tomatoes</a> have a great number of small locules; and <a href="/wiki/Plum_tomato" title="Plum tomato">plum tomatoes</a> have very few, very small locules.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lee-2007_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-2007-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For propagation, the seeds need to come from a mature fruit, and must be lightly fermented to remove the gelatinous outer coating and then dried before use.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tomato has a <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)" title="Mutualism (biology)">mutualistic relationship</a> with <a href="/wiki/Arbuscular_mycorrhiza" title="Arbuscular mycorrhiza">arbuscular mycorrhizal</a> fungi such as <i><a href="/wiki/Rhizophagus_irregularis" title="Rhizophagus irregularis">Rhizophagus irregularis</a></i>. Scientists use the tomato as a <a href="/wiki/Model_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Model species">model species</a> for investigating such symbioses.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germinating_tomatoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seedlings 7 days after planting"><img alt="Seedlings 7 days after planting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Germinating_tomatoes.jpg/180px-Germinating_tomatoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Germinating_tomatoes.jpg/270px-Germinating_tomatoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Germinating_tomatoes.jpg/360px-Germinating_tomatoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seedlings 7 days after planting</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_27_days_from_planting_seeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="27 days after planting"><img alt="27 days after planting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tomato_27_days_from_planting_seeds.jpg/180px-Tomato_27_days_from_planting_seeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tomato_27_days_from_planting_seeds.jpg/270px-Tomato_27_days_from_planting_seeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tomato_27_days_from_planting_seeds.jpg/360px-Tomato_27_days_from_planting_seeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">27 days after planting</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solanum_lycopersicum_-_Flor_tomaca_057.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flower"><img alt="Flower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Solanum_lycopersicum_-_Flor_tomaca_057.jpg/180px-Solanum_lycopersicum_-_Flor_tomaca_057.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Solanum_lycopersicum_-_Flor_tomaca_057.jpg/270px-Solanum_lycopersicum_-_Flor_tomaca_057.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Solanum_lycopersicum_-_Flor_tomaca_057.jpg/360px-Solanum_lycopersicum_-_Flor_tomaca_057.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="788" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_fruit_and_flowers_at_day_52.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="52-day-old plant, first fruits"><img alt="52-day-old plant, first fruits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tomato_fruit_and_flowers_at_day_52.jpg/180px-Tomato_fruit_and_flowers_at_day_52.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tomato_fruit_and_flowers_at_day_52.jpg/270px-Tomato_fruit_and_flowers_at_day_52.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tomato_fruit_and_flowers_at_day_52.jpg/360px-Tomato_fruit_and_flowers_at_day_52.jpg 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="613" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">52-day-old plant, first fruits</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Tomato.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unripe fruit on the vine"><img alt="Unripe fruit on the vine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Green_Tomato.jpg/180px-Green_Tomato.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Green_Tomato.jpg/270px-Green_Tomato.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Green_Tomato.jpg/360px-Green_Tomato.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2333" data-file-height="1750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unripe fruit on the vine</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3></div> <p>Like the <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a>, tomatoes belong to the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Solanum" title="Solanum">Solanum</a></i>, which is a member of the nightshade family, the <a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a>. That is a diverse family of flowering plants, often poisonous, that includes the mandrake (<i><a href="/wiki/Mandragora_(genus)" title="Mandragora (genus)">Mandragora</a></i>), deadly nightshade (<i><a href="/wiki/Atropa" title="Atropa">Atropa</a></i>), and tobacco (<i><a href="/wiki/Nicotiana" title="Nicotiana">Nicotiana</a></i>), as shown in the outline phylogenetic tree (many branches omitted).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>many garden flowers and other species </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nicotiana" title="Nicotiana">Nicotiana</a></i> (tobacco) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Atropa" title="Atropa">Atropa</a></i> (nightshades) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Mandragora_(genus)" title="Mandragora (genus)">Mandragora</a></i> (mandrake) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum">Capsicum</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> (sweet and bell peppers) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Solanum" title="Solanum">Solanum</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><i>S. lycopersicum</i> (tomato)</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">S. tuberosum</a></i> (potato) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h3></div> <p>In 1753, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a> placed the tomato in the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i>Solanum</i> (alongside the potato) as <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>. In 1768, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Miller" title="Philip Miller">Philip Miller</a> moved it to its own genus, naming it <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name came into wide use, but was technically in breach of the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Botanical_Nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="International Code of Botanical Nomenclature">plant naming rules</a> because Linnaeus's species name <i>lycopersicum</i> still had priority. Although the name <i>Lycopersicum lycopersicum</i> was suggested by Karsten (1888), it is not used because it violates the International Code of Nomenclature<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> barring the use of <a href="/wiki/Tautonyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Tautonyms">tautonyms</a> in botanical nomenclature. The corrected name <i>Lycopersicon lycopersicum</i> (Nicolson 1974) was technically valid, because Miller's genus name and Linnaeus's species name differ in exact spelling. As <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> has become so well known, it was officially listed as a <i>nomen conservandum</i> in 1983, and would be the correct name for the tomato in classifications which do not place the tomato in the genus <i>Solanum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">Genetic</a> evidence shows that Linnaeus was correct to put the tomato in the genus <i>Solanum</i>, making <i>S. lycopersicum</i> the correct name.<sup id="cite_ref-NHM_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peralta-2001_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peralta-2001-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both names, however, will probably be found in the literature for some time. Two of the major reasons for considering the genera separate are the leaf structure (tomato leaves are markedly different from any other <i>Solanum</i>), and the biochemistry (many of the alkaloids common to other <i>Solanum</i> species are conspicuously absent from the tomato). On the other hand, hybrids of tomato and diploid <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a> can be created in the lab by <a href="/wiki/Somatic_fusion" title="Somatic fusion">somatic fusion</a>, and are partially fertile, providing evidence of the close relationship between these species.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plant_breeding">Plant breeding</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetics">Genetics</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043345449">.mw-parser-output .ib-genome{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-image{padding:0.3em;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-label{padding:0.2em 0.3em;background-color:#f1EBf1;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-full-data{padding:0.2em 0.3em;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox ib-genome"><caption class="infobox-title">Genomic information</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> genome ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=GCF_000188115.5">GCF_000188115.5</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biological_specimen" title="Biological specimen">Specimen sequenced</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Heinz 1706</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">Ploidy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">haploid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Genome_size" title="Genome size">Genome size</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">827.4 Mb</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31,217</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coding_region" title="Coding region">Protein-coding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25,557</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Genome_project" title="Genome project">Year of completion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2018</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An international consortium of researchers from 10 countries began sequencing the tomato <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A prerelease version of the genome was made available in December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complete genome for the cultivar Heinz 1706 was published on 31 May 2012 in <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latest reference genome published in 2021 had 799 MB and encodes 34,384 (predicted) proteins, spread over 12 chromosomes.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first commercially available <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food">genetically modified food</a> was <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_tomato" title="Genetically modified tomato">a tomato</a> called <a href="/wiki/Flavr_Savr" title="Flavr Savr">Flavr Savr</a>, which was engineered to have a longer shelf life.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It could be vine ripened without compromising <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>. However, the product was not commercially successful, and was sold only until 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeding_of_modern_commercial_varieties">Breeding of modern commercial varieties</h3></div> <p>The poor taste and lack of sugar in modern garden and commercial tomato varieties resulted from breeding tomatoes to ripen uniformly red. This change occurred after discovery of a mutant "u" <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a> in the mid-20th century, so named because the fruits ripened uniformly. This was widely cross-bred to produce red fruit without the typical green ring around the stem on un-crossbred varieties. Before this, most tomatoes produced more sugar during ripening, and were sweeter and more flavorful.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell-2012_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell-2012-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kolata-2012_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kolata-2012-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>10–20% of the total <a href="/wiki/Biological_carbon_fixation" title="Biological carbon fixation">carbon fixed</a> in the fruit can be produced by photosynthesis in the developing fruit of the normal U phenotype. The u mutation encodes a factor that produces defective chloroplasts with lower density in developing fruit, making them a lighter green, and reducing sugar in the resulting ripe fruit by 10–15%. Perhaps more importantly, the fruit chloroplasts are remodelled during ripening into chlorophyll-free <a href="/wiki/Chromoplast" title="Chromoplast">chromoplasts</a> that synthesize and accumulate the <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</a> <a href="/wiki/Lycopene" title="Lycopene">lycopene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">β-carotene</a>, and other metabolites that are sensory and nutritional assets of the ripe fruit. The potent chloroplasts in the dark-green shoulders of the "U" phenotype are beneficial here, but have the disadvantage of leaving green shoulders near the stems of the ripe fruit, and even cracked yellow shoulders. This is apparently because of oxidative stress due to overload of the photosynthetic chain in direct sunlight at high temperatures. Hence, genetic design of a commercial variety that combines the advantages of types "u" and "U" requires fine tuning, but may be feasible.<sup id="cite_ref-Cocaliadis-2014_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cocaliadis-2014-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Breeders strive to produce tomato plants with improved yield, shelf life, size, and resistance to environmental pressures, including disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Klee-2018_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klee-2018-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stevens-1986_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-1986-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These efforts have yielded unintended negative consequences on various fruit attributes. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Linkage_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Linkage drag">linkage drag</a>, the introduction of an undesired trait during <a href="/wiki/Backcrossing" title="Backcrossing">backcrossing</a>, has altered the metabolism of the fruit. This trait is physically close to the desired allele along the chromosome. Breeding for traits like larger fruit has thus unintentionally altered nutritional value and flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-Klee-2018_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klee-2018-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Breeders have turned to wild tomato species as a source of alleles to introduce beneficial traits into modern varieties. For example, wild relatives may possess higher amounts of fruit solids (associated with greater sugar content), or resistance to diseases such as to the early blight pathogen <i>Alternaria solani</i>. However, this tactic has limitations, since selection for traits such as pathogen resistance can negatively impact other favorable traits such as fruit production.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens-1986_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-1986-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_tomato_cultivars" title="List of tomato cultivars">List of tomato cultivars</a>.</div> <p>The tomato is grown worldwide for its edible <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>, with thousands of <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomatoes_in_a_market_in_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heirloom varieties in a French market"><img alt="Heirloom varieties in a French market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Tomatoes_in_a_market_in_France.jpg/135px-Tomatoes_in_a_market_in_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Tomatoes_in_a_market_in_France.jpg/202px-Tomatoes_in_a_market_in_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Tomatoes_in_a_market_in_France.jpg/270px-Tomatoes_in_a_market_in_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heirloom varieties in a French market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heirlooms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heirloom cultivars Brandywine (biggest red), Black Krim (lower left) and Green Zebra (top left)"><img alt="Heirloom cultivars Brandywine (biggest red), Black Krim (lower left) and Green Zebra (top left)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Heirlooms.jpg/135px-Heirlooms.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Heirlooms.jpg/202px-Heirlooms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Heirlooms.jpg/270px-Heirlooms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heirloom cultivars <a href="/wiki/Brandywine_(tomato)" title="Brandywine (tomato)">Brandywine</a> (biggest red), <a href="/wiki/Black_Krim_(tomato)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Krim (tomato)">Black Krim</a> (lower left) and <a href="/wiki/Green_Zebra" title="Green Zebra">Green Zebra</a> (top left)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomatoes_for_sale_in_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modern varieties in France"><img alt="Modern varieties in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tomatoes_for_sale_in_France.jpg/180px-Tomatoes_for_sale_in_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tomatoes_for_sale_in_France.jpg/270px-Tomatoes_for_sale_in_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tomatoes_for_sale_in_France.jpg/360px-Tomatoes_for_sale_in_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modern varieties in France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_cherry_tomatoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yellow cherry tomatoes"><img alt="Yellow cherry tomatoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Yellow_cherry_tomatoes.jpg/180px-Yellow_cherry_tomatoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Yellow_cherry_tomatoes.jpg/270px-Yellow_cherry_tomatoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Yellow_cherry_tomatoes.jpg/360px-Yellow_cherry_tomatoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yellow cherry tomatoes</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydroponic_and_greenhouse_cultivation">Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation</h3></div> <p>Greenhouse tomato production in large-acreage commercial greenhouses and owner-operator stand-alone or multiple-bay greenhouses is increasing, providing fruit during those times of the year when field-grown fruit is not readily available. Smaller fruit (cherry and grape), or cluster tomatoes (fruit-on-the-vine) are the fruit of choice for the large commercial greenhouse operators while the beefsteak varieties are the choice of owner-operator growers.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomatoes are also grown using <a href="/wiki/Hydroponics" title="Hydroponics">hydroponics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_flower_and_young_fruit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flower and young fruit"><img alt="Flower and young fruit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tomato_flower_and_young_fruit.jpg/180px-Tomato_flower_and_young_fruit.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tomato_flower_and_young_fruit.jpg/270px-Tomato_flower_and_young_fruit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tomato_flower_and_young_fruit.jpg/360px-Tomato_flower_and_young_fruit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2210" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flower and young fruit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_scanned.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flowers and ripe fruit can be present simultaneously."><img alt="Flowers and ripe fruit can be present simultaneously." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tomato_scanned.jpg/180px-Tomato_scanned.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tomato_scanned.jpg/270px-Tomato_scanned.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tomato_scanned.jpg/360px-Tomato_scanned.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="916" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flowers and ripe fruit can be present simultaneously.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_P5260299b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hydroponic cultivation"><img alt="Hydroponic cultivation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tomato_P5260299b.jpg/180px-Tomato_P5260299b.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tomato_P5260299b.jpg/270px-Tomato_P5260299b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tomato_P5260299b.jpg/360px-Tomato_P5260299b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hydroponic cultivation</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenhouses_near_El_Ejido.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greenhouse cultivation in Andalusia"><img alt="Greenhouse cultivation in Andalusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Greenhouses_near_El_Ejido.jpg/180px-Greenhouses_near_El_Ejido.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Greenhouses_near_El_Ejido.jpg/270px-Greenhouses_near_El_Ejido.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Greenhouses_near_El_Ejido.jpg/360px-Greenhouses_near_El_Ejido.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Greenhouse cultivation in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Picking_and_ripening">Picking and ripening</h3></div> <p>To facilitate transportation and storage, tomatoes are often picked unripe (green) and ripened in storage with <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_as_a_plant_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylene as a plant hormone">the plant hormone ethylene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At industrial scale, such as for canning, tomatoes are picked mechanically. The machine cuts the whole vine and uses sensors to separate ripe tomatoes from the rest of the plant, which is returned to the farm for use either as <a href="/wiki/Green_manure" title="Green manure">green manure</a> or to be grazed by <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bittman-2013_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bittman-2013-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="clear:right; width:14em; text-align:center; margin-right:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Tomato production – 2022 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf;">Producer </th> <th style="background:#ddf;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(Millions<br /> of <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>)</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>68.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>20.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>13.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>10.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>6.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>4.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>World</b></td> <td><b>186.2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small>Source: <a href="/wiki/FAOSTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2022_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOSTAT-2022-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2022, world production of tomatoes was 186 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, with China accounting for 37% of the total, followed by <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> as major producers (table).<sup id="cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2022_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOSTAT-2022-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The world dedicated 4.8 million <a href="/wiki/Hectares" class="mw-redirect" title="Hectares">hectares</a> in 2012 for tomato cultivation and the total production was about 161.8 million <a href="/wiki/Tonnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonnes">tonnes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2014_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOSTAT-2014-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average world farm yield for tomato was 33.6 tonnes per hectare in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2014_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOSTAT-2014-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomato farms in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> were the most productive in 2012, with a nationwide average of 476 tonnes per hectare, followed by <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (463 tonnes per hectare) and <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (429 tonnes per hectare).<sup id="cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2012_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOSTAT-2012-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pests_and_diseases">Pests and diseases</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pests">Pests</h3></div> <p>Common tomato pests include the <a href="/wiki/Engytatus_modestus" title="Engytatus modestus">tomato bug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_marmorated_stink_bug" title="Brown marmorated stink bug">stink bugs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cutworm" title="Cutworm">cutworms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomato_hornworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomato hornworm">tomato hornworms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_hornworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco hornworm">tobacco hornworms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aphid" title="Aphid">aphids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabbage_looper" title="Cabbage looper">cabbage loopers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitefly" title="Whitefly">whiteflies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomato_fruitworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomato fruitworm">tomato fruitworms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flea_beetle" title="Flea beetle">flea beetles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_spider_mite" class="mw-redirect" title="Red spider mite">red spider mite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slug" title="Slug">slugs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Colorado_potato_beetle" title="Colorado potato beetle">Colorado potato beetles</a>. The tomato russet <a href="/wiki/Mite" title="Mite">mite</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aculops_lycopersici" title="Aculops lycopersici">Aculops lycopersici</a></i>, feeds on foliage and young fruit of tomato plants, causing shrivelling and <a href="/wiki/Necrosis" title="Necrosis">necrosis</a> of leaves, flowers, and fruit, possibly killing the plant.<sup id="cite_ref-ISC-2015_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISC-2015-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After an insect attack tomato plants produce <a href="/wiki/Systemin" title="Systemin">systemin</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Plant_peptide_hormone" title="Plant peptide hormone">plant peptide hormone</a>. This activates defensive mechanisms, such as the production of <a href="/wiki/Protease_inhibitor_(biology)" title="Protease inhibitor (biology)">protease inhibitors</a> to slow the growth of insects. The hormone was first identified in tomatoes.<sup id="cite_ref-Narvaez-Vasquez-2008_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narvaez-Vasquez-2008-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Engytatus_modestus_closeup_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomato bug feeding on plant sap"><img alt="Tomato bug feeding on plant sap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Engytatus_modestus_closeup_2.jpg/173px-Engytatus_modestus_closeup_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Engytatus_modestus_closeup_2.jpg/260px-Engytatus_modestus_closeup_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Engytatus_modestus_closeup_2.jpg/345px-Engytatus_modestus_closeup_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Engytatus_modestus" title="Engytatus modestus">Tomato bug</a> feeding on plant sap</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_fruitworm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomato fruitworm feeding on unripe fruit"><img alt="Tomato fruitworm feeding on unripe fruit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tomato_fruitworm.jpg/153px-Tomato_fruitworm.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tomato_fruitworm.jpg/231px-Tomato_fruitworm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tomato_fruitworm.jpg/307px-Tomato_fruitworm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tomato_fruitworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomato fruitworm">Tomato fruitworm</a> feeding on unripe fruit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_hornworm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomato hornworm larva on stem"><img alt="Tomato hornworm larva on stem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tomato_hornworm.jpg/199px-Tomato_hornworm.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tomato_hornworm.jpg/299px-Tomato_hornworm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tomato_hornworm.jpg/397px-Tomato_hornworm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tomato_hornworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomato hornworm">Tomato hornworm</a> larva on stem</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20230811_Aculops_lycopersici_08_D.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomato russet mites on greenhouse plant"><img alt="Tomato russet mites on greenhouse plant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/20230811_Aculops_lycopersici_08_D.jpg/177px-20230811_Aculops_lycopersici_08_D.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/20230811_Aculops_lycopersici_08_D.jpg/266px-20230811_Aculops_lycopersici_08_D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/20230811_Aculops_lycopersici_08_D.jpg/353px-20230811_Aculops_lycopersici_08_D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3352" data-file-height="2186" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aculops_lycopersici" title="Aculops lycopersici">Tomato russet mites</a> on greenhouse plant</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diseases">Diseases</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_tomato_diseases" title="List of tomato diseases">List of tomato diseases</a>.</div> <p>Tomato cultivars vary widely in their resistance to disease. Modern <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a> focus on improving disease resistance over the <a href="/wiki/Heirloom_plant" title="Heirloom plant">heirloom plants</a>. A common tomato disease is <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_mosaic_virus" title="Tobacco mosaic virus">tobacco mosaic virus</a>. Handling cigarettes and other infected tobacco products can transmit the virus to tomato plants.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A serious disease is <a href="/wiki/Curly_top" title="Curly top">curly top</a>, carried by the <a href="/wiki/Beet_leafhopper" title="Beet leafhopper">beet leafhopper</a>, which interrupts the lifecycle. As the name implies, it has the symptom of making the top leaves of the plant wrinkle up and grow abnormally.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tomato_bacterial_wilt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomato bacterial wilt">Bacterial wilt</a> is another common disease impacting yield.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzpatrick-2020_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitzpatrick-2020-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wang <i>et al.</i>, 2019 found <a href="/wiki/Phage_therapy" title="Phage therapy">phage combination therapies</a> to reduce the impact of bacterial wilt, sometimes by reducing bacterial abundance and sometimes by <a href="/wiki/Selection_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Selection (biology)">selecting</a> for <a href="/wiki/Phage_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Phage resistance">resistant</a> but slow growing genetics.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzpatrick-2020_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitzpatrick-2020-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_with_Phytophthora_infestans_(late_blight).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans"><img alt="Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tomato_with_Phytophthora_infestans_%28late_blight%29.jpg/200px-Tomato_with_Phytophthora_infestans_%28late_blight%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tomato_with_Phytophthora_infestans_%28late_blight%29.jpg/300px-Tomato_with_Phytophthora_infestans_%28late_blight%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tomato_with_Phytophthora_infestans_%28late_blight%29.jpg/400px-Tomato_with_Phytophthora_infestans_%28late_blight%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="726" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Late blight, caused by the <a href="/wiki/Oomycete" title="Oomycete">oomycete</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Phytophthora_infestans" title="Phytophthora infestans">Phytophthora infestans</a></i> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralstonis_wilt_symptom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wilt caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum"><img alt="Wilt caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ralstonis_wilt_symptom.jpg/140px-Ralstonis_wilt_symptom.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ralstonis_wilt_symptom.jpg/210px-Ralstonis_wilt_symptom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Ralstonis_wilt_symptom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wilt caused by the <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacterium</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Ralstonia_solanacearum" title="Ralstonia solanacearum">Ralstonia solanacearum</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomaquera_amb_Fusarium_HV.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum"><img alt="Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tomaquera_amb_Fusarium_HV.JPG/131px-Tomaquera_amb_Fusarium_HV.JPG" decoding="async" width="131" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tomaquera_amb_Fusarium_HV.JPG/197px-Tomaquera_amb_Fusarium_HV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tomaquera_amb_Fusarium_HV.JPG/263px-Tomaquera_amb_Fusarium_HV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="2275" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wilt caused by <i><a href="/wiki/Fusarium_oxysporum" title="Fusarium oxysporum">Fusarium oxysporum</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_(Solanum_lycopersicum)-_Root_knot_nematodes_-_27421750599.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nematode root-knot caused by Meloidogyne incognita"><img alt="Nematode root-knot caused by Meloidogyne incognita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tomato_%28Solanum_lycopersicum%29-_Root_knot_nematodes_-_27421750599.jpg/200px-Tomato_%28Solanum_lycopersicum%29-_Root_knot_nematodes_-_27421750599.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tomato_%28Solanum_lycopersicum%29-_Root_knot_nematodes_-_27421750599.jpg/300px-Tomato_%28Solanum_lycopersicum%29-_Root_knot_nematodes_-_27421750599.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tomato_%28Solanum_lycopersicum%29-_Root_knot_nematodes_-_27421750599.jpg/400px-Tomato_%28Solanum_lycopersicum%29-_Root_knot_nematodes_-_27421750599.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2872" data-file-height="2156" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">Nematode</a> root-knot caused by <i><a href="/wiki/Meloidogyne_incognita" title="Meloidogyne incognita">Meloidogyne incognita</a></i> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_food">As food</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tomato_dishes" title="List of tomato dishes">List of tomato dishes</a></div> <p>Tomatoes, with their <a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">umami</a> flavor, are extensively used in <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a> as a key ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> sauces.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming-2013_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-2013-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomatoes are used in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Gazpacho" title="Gazpacho">gazpacho</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a> <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Pa_amb_tom%C3%A0quet" title="Pa amb tomàquet">pa amb tomàquet</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tomato is a crucial and ubiquitous part of <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern cuisine</a>, served fresh in salads (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Arab_salad" title="Arab salad">Arab salad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_salad" title="Israeli salad">Israeli salad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirazi_salad" title="Shirazi salad">Shirazi salad</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%87oban_salatas%C4%B1" title="Çoban salatası">Turkish salad</a>), grilled with <a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kebabs</a> and other dishes, made into sauces, and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tomatoes were gradually incorporated into Indian <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a> dishes after Europeans introduced them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollingham2006165_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollingham2006165-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a> curry, <a href="/wiki/Rogan_Josh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogan Josh">Rogan Josh</a>, often contains tomato; it may originally have been colored red with chili pepper,<sup id="cite_ref-Singh-1973_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-1973-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tomatoes may characterize the <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a> version of the dish.<sup id="cite_ref-Bhangal-2013_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhangal-2013-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern British curry <a href="/wiki/Tikka_masala" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikka masala">tikka masala</a> often has a tomato and cream sauce.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollingham20061–11_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollingham20061–11-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_soup_with_bread.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomato soup with croutons"><img alt="Tomato soup with croutons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Tomato_soup_with_bread.jpg/180px-Tomato_soup_with_bread.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Tomato_soup_with_bread.jpg/270px-Tomato_soup_with_bread.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Tomato_soup_with_bread.jpg/360px-Tomato_soup_with_bread.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tomato_soup" title="Tomato soup">Tomato soup</a> with <a href="/wiki/Crouton" title="Crouton">croutons</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rogan_josh02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rogan josh, a curry often made with tomatoes"><img alt="Rogan josh, a curry often made with tomatoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Rogan_josh02.jpg/180px-Rogan_josh02.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Rogan_josh02.jpg/270px-Rogan_josh02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Rogan_josh02.jpg/360px-Rogan_josh02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rogan_josh" title="Rogan josh">Rogan josh</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a> often made with tomatoes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloody_Mary_Coctail_with_celery_stalk_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bloody Mary, a tomato cocktail"><img alt="Bloody Mary, a tomato cocktail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bloody_Mary_Coctail_with_celery_stalk_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg/120px-Bloody_Mary_Coctail_with_celery_stalk_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bloody_Mary_Coctail_with_celery_stalk_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg/179px-Bloody_Mary_Coctail_with_celery_stalk_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bloody_Mary_Coctail_with_celery_stalk_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg/239px-Bloody_Mary_Coctail_with_celery_stalk_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Mary_(cocktail)" title="Bloody Mary (cocktail)">Bloody Mary</a>, a tomato <a href="/wiki/Cocktail" title="Cocktail">cocktail</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pan_tumaca_cortado_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pa amb tomàquet, Catalan tomato bread"><img alt="Pa amb tomàquet, Catalan tomato bread" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pan_tumaca_cortado_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Pan_tumaca_cortado_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pan_tumaca_cortado_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Pan_tumaca_cortado_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pan_tumaca_cortado_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Pan_tumaca_cortado_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="494" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Pa_amb_tom%C3%A0quet" title="Pa amb tomàquet">Pa amb tomàquet</a></i></span>, Catalan tomato bread</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomates_farcies_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tariennes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomatoes stuffed with egg and Parmesan cheese"><img alt="Tomatoes stuffed with egg and Parmesan cheese" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tomates_farcies_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tariennes.jpg/180px-Tomates_farcies_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tariennes.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tomates_farcies_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tariennes.jpg/270px-Tomates_farcies_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tariennes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tomates_farcies_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tariennes.jpg/360px-Tomates_farcies_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tariennes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tomatoes stuffed with egg and <a href="/wiki/Parmigiano-Reggiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Parmigiano-Reggiano">Parmesan</a> cheese</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage">Storage</h3></div> <p>Tomatoes keep best unwashed at <a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">room temperature</a> and out of direct sunlight, rather than in a refrigerator.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storing stem down can prolong <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unripe tomatoes can be kept in a paper bag to ripen.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomatoes can be preserved by canning, freezing, drying, or cooking down to a paste or puree.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Red tomatoes, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">74 kJ (18 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">3.9 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.6 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.2 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.2 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.9 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeaxanthin" title="Zeaxanthin">zeaxanthin</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 42 μg<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div>449 μg</div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">123 μg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.037 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.019 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.594 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.089 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.08 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 15 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">16%</div> 14 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.54 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 7.9 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 10 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.27 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 11 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.114 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 24 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 237 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 5 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.17 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">94.5 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Lycopene" title="Lycopene">Lycopene</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2573 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170457/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A raw tomato is 95% water, 4% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, and less than 1% each of <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a> (table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), raw tomatoes supply 18 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a> and 16% of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, but otherwise have low <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrient</a> content (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_on_health">Effects on health</h3></div> <p>The US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> has determined there is little credible evidence that tomatoes or tomato-based foods reduce the risk of various types of cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-Kavanaugh-2007_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kavanaugh-2007-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2011 scientific review, the <a href="/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority">European Food Safety Authority</a> concluded that lycopene did not favorably influence <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, skin exposed to <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet radiation">ultraviolet radiation</a>, heart function or vision.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA-2011_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFSA-2011-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toxins">Toxins</h3></div> <p>The leaves, stem, and green unripe fruit of the tomato plant contain small amounts of the alkaloid <a href="/wiki/Tomatine" title="Tomatine">tomatine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mcgee-2009_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mcgee-2009-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They contain small amounts of <a href="/wiki/Solanine" title="Solanine">solanine</a>, a toxic alkaloid found in larger amounts in <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a> leaves and other members of the <a href="/wiki/Nightshade_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightshade family">nightshade family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barceloux-2009_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barceloux-2009-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIH_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomato plants can be toxic to dogs if they eat large amounts of the fruit, or chew plant material.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Small amounts of tomato foliage are sometimes used for flavoring, and the green fruit of unripe red tomato varieties is sometimes used for cooking, particularly as <a href="/wiki/Fried_green_tomatoes" title="Fried green tomatoes">fried green tomatoes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mcgee-2009_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mcgee-2009-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salmonella_outbreaks"><i>Salmonella</i> outbreaks</h3></div> <p>Tomatoes have been linked to multiple <i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i> food poisoning outbreaks in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_salmonellosis_outbreak" title="2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak">One in 2008</a> caused the temporary removal of tomatoes from stores and restaurants across the United States and parts of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022 and 2023, an outbreak of Salmonella Senftenberg ST14 affected the US and 12 countries in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-ECDPC-2023_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDPC-2023-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celebrations">Celebrations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomatotree.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Tomatotree.JPG/220px-Tomatotree.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Tomatotree.JPG/330px-Tomatotree.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Tomatotree.JPG/440px-Tomatotree.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>The "tomato tree" at the <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World_Resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Walt Disney World Resort">Walt Disney World Resort</a>'s experimental greenhouses<sup id="cite_ref-Guinness-2006_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guinness-2006-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A massive "tomato tree" in the <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World_Resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Walt Disney World Resort">Walt Disney World Resort</a>'s experimental greenhouses in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Buena_Vista,_Florida" title="Lake Buena Vista, Florida">Lake Buena Vista, Florida</a> may have been the largest single tomato plant. It yielded a harvest of more than 32,000 tomatoes, together weighing 522 kg (1,151 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Guinness-2006_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guinness-2006-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Disney_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Disney-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town of <a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1ol" title="Buñol">Buñol</a>, Spain, annually celebrates <a href="/wiki/Tomatina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomatina">La Tomatina</a>, a festival centered on an enormous tomato fight. On 30 August 2007, as many as 40,000 Spaniards gathered to throw 115,000 kg (254,000 lb) of tomatoes at each other in the <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some US states have adopted the tomato as a state fruit or vegetable. <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> took both sides by declaring the <i>South Arkansas Vine Ripe Pink Tomato</i> both the state fruit and the state vegetable in the same law, citing both its culinary and botanical classifications.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the state of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> passed a law making the tomato the state's official fruit, while tomato juice has been the state's official beverage since 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Livingston's plant breeding is commemorated in his home town of <a href="/wiki/Reynoldsburg,_Ohio" title="Reynoldsburg, Ohio">Reynoldsburg</a> with an annual Tomato Festival;<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it calls itself "The Birthplace of the Tomato".<sup id="cite_ref-Reynoldsburg_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynoldsburg-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Finland, the <i>Tomatkarnevalen</i> is held annually in the town of <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4rpes" title="Närpes">Närpes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tomatoes are sometimes thrown in public protests. Embracing it for this connotation, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Dutch Socialist party</a> adopted the tomato as their logo.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same meaning is evoked in the name of the American <a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review-aggregation website</a> for film and television, "<a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>", though its founder mentions a scene in the 1992 movie <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9olo" title="Léolo">Leolo</a></i> as the immediate source of the name.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrojando_tomates_desde_un_cami%C3%B3n_-_La_Tomatina_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Throwing tomatoes from a truck during the Spanish Tomatina festival"><img alt="Throwing tomatoes from a truck during the Spanish Tomatina festival" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arrojando_tomates_desde_un_cami%C3%B3n_-_La_Tomatina_2010.jpg/180px-Arrojando_tomates_desde_un_cami%C3%B3n_-_La_Tomatina_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arrojando_tomates_desde_un_cami%C3%B3n_-_La_Tomatina_2010.jpg/270px-Arrojando_tomates_desde_un_cami%C3%B3n_-_La_Tomatina_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arrojando_tomates_desde_un_cami%C3%B3n_-_La_Tomatina_2010.jpg/360px-Arrojando_tomates_desde_un_cami%C3%B3n_-_La_Tomatina_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3417" data-file-height="2278" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Throwing tomatoes from a truck during the Spanish <i><a href="/wiki/La_Tomatina" title="La Tomatina">Tomatina</a></i> festival</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomatkarnevalen_i_N%C3%A4rpes_1993c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomatkarnevalen (The Tomato Carnival) in Närpes, Finland, in 1993"><img alt="Tomatkarnevalen (The Tomato Carnival) in Närpes, Finland, in 1993" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tomatkarnevalen_i_N%C3%A4rpes_1993c.jpg/180px-Tomatkarnevalen_i_N%C3%A4rpes_1993c.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tomatkarnevalen_i_N%C3%A4rpes_1993c.jpg/270px-Tomatkarnevalen_i_N%C3%A4rpes_1993c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tomatkarnevalen_i_N%C3%A4rpes_1993c.jpg/360px-Tomatkarnevalen_i_N%C3%A4rpes_1993c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Tomatkarnevalen</i></span> (The Tomato Carnival) in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4rpes" title="Närpes">Närpes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, in 1993</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit_or_vegetable">Fruit or vegetable</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vegetable#Terminology" title="Vegetable">Vegetable § Terminology</a></div> <p>Although the tomato is <a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits" title="List of culinary fruits">cooked and eaten as a vegetable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit#Botanic_fruit_and_culinary_fruit" title="Fruit">botanically</a>, a tomato is a <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>, specifically a <a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">berry</a>, consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(plants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovary (plants)">ovary</a>, together with its seeds, of a <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abadi-2018_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abadi-2018-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue has led to legal dispute in the United States. In 1887, U.S. <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariff</a> laws that imposed a <a href="/wiki/Duty_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duty (economics)">duty</a> on vegetables, but not on fruit, caused the tomato's status to become a matter of legal importance. In <i><a href="/wiki/Nix_v._Hedden" title="Nix v. Hedden">Nix v. Hedden</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> settled the controversy on 10 May 1893, by declaring that for the purposes of the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1883" title="Tariff of 1883">Tariff of 1883</a> only, the tomato is a vegetable, based on the popular definition that classifies vegetables by use—they are generally served with dinner and not dessert.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tomato_production" title="List of countries by tomato production">List of countries by tomato production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marglobe" title="Marglobe">Marglobe</a>, an early attempt at breeding a disease-resistant tomato</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_culture" title="Ring culture">Ring culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physalis" title="Physalis">Physalis</a>, a similar fruit also used in cooking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_effect" title="Tomato effect">Tomato effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_jam" title="Tomato jam">Tomato jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshades" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightshades">Nightshades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomatillo" title="Tomatillo">Tomatillo</a>, a similar fruit from the related genus</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NHM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NHM_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHM_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solanaceaesource.org/content/phylogeny-0">"Phylogeny"</a>. <q>Molecular phylogenetic analyses have established that the formerly segregate genera <i>Lycopersicon</i>, <i>Cyphomandra</i>, <i>Normania</i>, and <i>Triguera</i> are nested within <i>Solanum</i>, and all species of these four genera have been transferred to <i>Solanum</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phylogeny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolanaceaesource.org%2Fcontent%2Fphylogeny-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=tomato">"tomato"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=tomato&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dtomato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabine1820" class="citation journal cs1">Sabine, Joseph (1820). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ALkF3ZIfCkC&pg=PA343">"On the Love Apple or Tomato"</a>. <i>Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London</i>. <b>3</b>: 343 f.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Horticultural+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=On+the+Love+Apple+or+Tomato&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=343+f&rft.date=1820&rft.aulast=Sabine&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ALkF3ZIfCkC%26pg%3DPA343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge_Dictionaries_Online-2015-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_Dictionaries_Online-2015_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/tomato">"English definition of 'tomato'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionaries Online</i>. Cambridge University Press. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionaries+Online&rft.atitle=English+definition+of+%27tomato%27&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fbritish%2Ftomato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/dictionary/tomato_n?tl=true">"tomato - noun and adjective"</a>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=tomato+-+noun+and+adjective&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fdictionary%2Ftomato_n%3Ftl%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=let%27s+call+the+whole+thing+off+lyrics&sca_esv=3145f941300c1a56&source=hp&ei=QGcOZ6SnJKaFhbIPusWC6Qw&iflsig=AL9hbdgAAAAAZw51UH_jTwdasztauAPXIIQTt3t9qyff&oq=%22let%27s+call+%22&gs_lp=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&sclient=gws-wiz">"Let's Call The Whole Thing Off: Song by Ella Fitzgerald"</a>. <i>Google</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google&rft.atitle=Let%27s+Call+The+Whole+Thing+Off%3A+Song+by+Ella+Fitzgerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dlet%2527s%2Bcall%2Bthe%2Bwhole%2Bthing%2Boff%2Blyrics%26sca_esv%3D3145f941300c1a56%26source%3Dhp%26ei%3DQGcOZ6SnJKaFhbIPusWC6Qw%26iflsig%3DAL9hbdgAAAAAZw51UH_jTwdasztauAPXIIQTt3t9qyff%26oq%3D%2522let%2527s%2Bcall%2B%2522%26gs_lp%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%26sclient%3Dgws-wiz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lin-2014-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lin-2014_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinZhuZhangXu2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lin, Tao; Zhu, Guangtao; Zhang, Junhong; Xu, Xiangyang; Yu, Qinghui; et al. (12 October 2014). "Genomic analyses provide insights into the history of tomato breeding". <i>Nature Genetics</i>. <b>46</b> (11): 1220–1226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.3117">10.1038/ng.3117</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25305757">25305757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=Genomic+analyses+provide+insights+into+the+history+of+tomato+breeding&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1220-1226&rft.date=2014-10-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fng.3117&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25305757&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Tao&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Guangtao&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Junhong&rft.au=Xu%2C+Xiangyang&rft.au=Yu%2C+Qinghui&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Zheng&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Zhonghua&rft.au=Lun%2C+Yaoyao&rft.au=Li%2C+Shuai&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiaoxuan&rft.au=Huang%2C+Zejun&rft.au=Li%2C+Junming&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Chunzhi&rft.au=Wang%2C+Taotao&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yuyang&rft.au=Wang%2C+Aoxue&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yancong&rft.au=Lin%2C+Kui&rft.au=Li%2C+Chuanyou&rft.au=Xiong%2C+Guosheng&rft.au=Xue%2C+Yongbiao&rft.au=Mazzucato%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Causse%2C+Mathilde&rft.au=Fei%2C+Zhangjun&rft.au=Giovannoni%2C+James+J.&rft.au=Chetelat%2C+Roger+T.&rft.au=Zamir%2C+Dani&rft.au=St%C3%A4dler%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Li%2C+Jingfu&rft.au=Ye%2C+Zhibiao&rft.au=Du%2C+Yongchen&rft.au=Huang%2C+Sanwen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Estabrook-2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Estabrook-2015_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstabrook2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Estabrook, Barry (22 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/why-wild-tiny-pimp-tomato-so-important-180955911">"Why Is This Wild, Pea-Sized Tomato So Important?"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Journeys Quarterly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Journeys+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Why+Is+This+Wild%2C+Pea-Sized+Tomato+So+Important%3F&rft.date=2015-07-22&rft.aulast=Estabrook&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Ftravel%2Fwhy-wild-tiny-pimp-tomato-so-important-180955911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Razifard-2020-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Razifard-2020_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRazifard2020" class="citation journal cs1">Razifard, Hamid; et al. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/37/4/1118/32960114/msz297.pdf">"Genomic evidence for complex domestication history of the cultivated tomato in Latin America"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 1118–1132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsz297">10.1093/molbev/msz297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7086179">7086179</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31912142">31912142</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Genomic+evidence+for+complex+domestication+history+of+the+cultivated+tomato+in+Latin+America&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1118-1132&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7086179%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31912142&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsz297&rft.aulast=Razifard&rft.aufirst=Hamid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fmbe%2Farticle-pdf%2F37%2F4%2F1118%2F32960114%2Fmsz297.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-2018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-2018_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/plant/tomato">"Tomato"</a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 4 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tomato&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=2018-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplant%2Ftomato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199413-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199413_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199413_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1994">Smith 1994</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199415-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199415_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1994">Smith 1994</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend2000" class="citation book cs1">Townsend, Richard F. (2000). <i>The Aztecs</i>. Thames and Hudson. pp. 180–181.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aztecs&rft.pages=180-181&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvertown2017" class="citation book cs1">Silvertown, J. (2017). <i>Vegetables—Variety. Dinner with Darwin: Food, drink, and evolution</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. p. 102.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vegetables%E2%80%94Variety.+Dinner+with+Darwin%3A+Food%2C+drink%2C+and+evolution&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Silvertown&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coe-2015-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coe-2015_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoe2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Coe" title="Sophie Coe">Coe, Sophie D.</a> (2015) [1994]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hKVbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117"><i>America's First Cuisines</i></a>. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. pp. 108–118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1477309711" title="Special:BookSources/978-1477309711"><bdi>978-1477309711</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+First+Cuisines&rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&rft.pages=108-118&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1477309711&rft.aulast=Coe&rft.aufirst=Sophie+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhKVbCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-López-Terrada-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-López-Terrada_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-López-Terrada_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-López-Terrada_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez-Terrada" class="citation web cs1">López-Terrada, Maríaluz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://traditom.eu/fileadmin/traditom/downloads/TRADITOM_History_of_the_arrival_of_the_tomato_in_Europe.pdf">"The History of the Arrival of the Tomato in Europe: An Initial Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Traditom</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Traditom&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Arrival+of+the+Tomato+in+Europe%3A+An+Initial+Overview&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez-Terrada&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADaluz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftraditom.eu%2Ffileadmin%2Ftraditom%2Fdownloads%2FTRADITOM_History_of_the_arrival_of_the_tomato_in_Europe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hancock-2022-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hancock-2022_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHancock2022" class="citation book cs1">Hancock, James F. (2022). "Dispersal of New World Crops into the Old World". <i>World Agriculture Before and After 1492</i>. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 111–133. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-031-15523-9_9">10.1007/978-3-031-15523-9_9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-15522-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-15522-2"><bdi>978-3-031-15522-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dispersal+of+New+World+Crops+into+the+Old+World&rft.btitle=World+Agriculture+Before+and+After+1492&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=111-133&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-15523-9_9&rft.isbn=978-3-031-15522-2&rft.aulast=Hancock&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiple,_Kenneth_F.Ornelas,_Kriemhild_Coneè2000" class="citation book cs1">Kiple, Kenneth F.; Ornelas, Kriemhild Coneè (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSSkDNzKQacC"><i>The Cambridge World History of Food</i></a>. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 357. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40214-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40214-9"><bdi>978-0-521-40214-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+World+History+of+Food&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-40214-9&rft.au=Kiple%2C+Kenneth+F.&rft.au=Ornelas%2C+Kriemhild+Cone%C3%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSSkDNzKQacC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pomodoro.museidelcibo.it/en/audio-guides-2/">"Tomato Museum: 05 – The History of Tomato"</a>. I Musei del Cibo della provincia di Parma.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tomato+Museum%3A+05+%E2%80%93+The+History+of+Tomato&rft.pub=I+Musei+del+Cibo+della+provincia+di+Parma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpomodoro.museidelcibo.it%2Fen%2Faudio-guides-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGentilcore2010" class="citation book cs1">Gentilcore, David (2010). <i>Pomodoro! A History of the Tomato in Italy</i>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15206-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15206-8"><bdi>978-0-231-15206-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pomodoro%21+A+History+of+the+Tomato+in+Italy&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-231-15206-8&rft.aulast=Gentilcore&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStallerCarrasco2009" class="citation book cs1">Staller, John; Carrasco, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FJrr9i6HRp0C&q=tabletop+decoration"><i>Pre-Columbian Foodways: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food, Culture, and Markets in Ancient Mesoamerica</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-144190471-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-144190471-3"><bdi>978-144190471-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pre-Columbian+Foodways%3A+Interdisciplinary+Approaches+to+Food%2C+Culture%2C+and+Markets+in+Ancient+Mesoamerica&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-144190471-3&rft.aulast=Staller&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Carrasco%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFJrr9i6HRp0C%26q%3Dtabletop%2Bdecoration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199417-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199417_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199417_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1994">Smith 1994</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaoCorradoBianchiDi_Mauro2006" class="citation journal cs1">Rao, R.; Corrado, G.; Bianchi, M.; Di Mauro, A. (21 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01183.x">"(GATA)4 DNA fingerprinting identifies morphologically characterized 'San Marzano' tomato plants"</a>. <i>Plant Breeding</i>. <b>125</b> (2): 173–176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0523.2006.01183.x">10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01183.x</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Breeding&rft.atitle=%28GATA%294+DNA+fingerprinting+identifies+morphologically+characterized+%27San+Marzano%27+tomato+plants&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=173-176&rft.date=2006-03-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1439-0523.2006.01183.x&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Corrado%2C+G.&rft.au=Bianchi%2C+M.&rft.au=Di+Mauro%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1439-0523.2006.01183.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Love-apple, or Tomato Berry.-Love apples are now to be seen in great abundance at all our vegetable markets". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 22 September 1820. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Love-apple%2C+or+Tomato+Berry.-Love+apples+are+now+to+be+seen+in+great+abundance+at+all+our+vegetable+markets&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1820-09-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackwell1737" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell_(illustrator)" title="Elizabeth Blackwell (illustrator)">Blackwell, Elizabeth</a> (1737). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606092105/https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ext/dw/2449056RX1/PDF/2449056RX1.pdf"><i>A curious herbal: containing five hundred cuts, of the most useful plants, which are now used in the practice of physick: engraved on folio copper plates, after drawings taken from life</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 342 (plate 133). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ext/dw/2449056RX1/PDF/2449056RX1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+curious+herbal%3A+containing+five+hundred+cuts%2C+of+the+most+useful+plants%2C+which+are+now+used+in+the+practice+of+physick%3A+engraved+on+folio+copper+plates%2C+after+drawings+taken+from+life&rft.pages=342+%28plate+133%29&rft.date=1737&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.nlm.nih.gov%2Fext%2Fdw%2F2449056RX1%2FPDF%2F2449056RX1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlma1963" class="citation news cs1">Alma, C. M. (7 April 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/116565156">"Aztecs' Tomatl is the Modern Tomato: From Spain to Italy on a Bush"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/116565156">116565156</a> – via Proquest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Aztecs%27+Tomatl+is+the+Modern+Tomato%3A+From+Spain+to+Italy+on+a+Bush&rft.date=1963-04-07&rft.aulast=Alma&rft.aufirst=C.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F116565156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergougnoux2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bergougnoux, Véronique (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/80426432">"The history of tomato: from domestication to biopharming"</a>. <i>Biotechnology Advances</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 170–189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biotechadv.2013.11.003">10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24211472">24211472</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Advances&rft.atitle=The+history+of+tomato%3A+from+domestication+to+biopharming&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=170-189&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biotechadv.2013.11.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24211472&rft.aulast=Bergougnoux&rft.aufirst=V%C3%A9ronique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F80426432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=British_Consuls_in_Aleppo">"British Consuls in Aleppo"</a>. Yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk. 26 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Consuls+in+Aleppo&rft.pub=Yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft.date=2009-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBritish_Consuls_in_Aleppo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6QUZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA519">"Syria under the last five Turkish Sultans"</a>. <i>Appletons' Journal</i>. Vol. 1. D. Appleton and Co. 1876. p. 519.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Syria+under+the+last+five+Turkish+Sultans&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Journal&rft.pages=519&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Co.&rft.date=1876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6QUZAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pnkrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA223">"Natural History, Science, &c"</a>. <i>The Friend</i>. <b>54</b>: 223. 1881.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Friend&rft.atitle=Natural+History%2C+Science%2C+%26c&rft.volume=54&rft.pages=223&rft.date=1881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpnkrAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199425-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199425_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1994">Smith 1994</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith199428-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith199428_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1994">Smith 1994</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCue1952" class="citation journal cs1">McCue, George Allen (November 1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/22432">"The History of the Use of the Tomato: An Annotated Bibliography"</a>. <i>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</i>. <b>39</b> (4). Missouri Botanical Garden Press: 336–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2399094">10.2307/2399094</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399094">2399094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Missouri+Botanical+Garden&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Use+of+the+Tomato%3A+An+Annotated+Bibliography&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=336-338&rft.date=1952-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2399094&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2399094%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McCue&rft.aufirst=George+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpart%2F22432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarraldWatkins2010" class="citation book cs1">Harrald, Chris; Watkins, Fletcher (2010). <i>The cigarette book: the history and culture of smoking</i>. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 185.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+cigarette+book%3A+the+history+and+culture+of+smoking&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Harrald&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Watkins%2C+Fletcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1994152-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1994152_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1994">Smith 1994</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/vegetables/tomatoes/">"Tomatoes"</a>. <i>AgMRC</i>. March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AgMRC&rft.atitle=Tomatoes&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agmrc.org%2Fcommodities-products%2Fvegetables%2Ftomatoes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boswell-1937-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boswell-1937_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boswell, Victor R. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yoa1937">Improvement and Genetics of Tomatoes, Peppers, and Eggplant</a>," <i>Yearbook of Agriculture, 1937,</i> p. 179. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Accessed 25 May 2018/</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tgrc.ucdavis.edu/">"C. M. Rick Tomato Genetics Resource Center"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C.+M.+Rick+Tomato+Genetics+Resource+Center&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Davis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftgrc.ucdavis.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100709222618/http://www.tomatonet.org/ctri.htm">California Tomato Research Institute</a>. tomatonet.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kornei-2023-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kornei-2023_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornei2023" class="citation web cs1">Kornei, Katherine (9 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dry-farming-agriculture-climate-change">"Dry farming could help agriculture in the western U.S. amid climate change"</a>. <i>Science News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+News&rft.atitle=Dry+farming+could+help+agriculture+in+the+western+U.S.+amid+climate+change&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft.aulast=Kornei&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Farticle%2Fdry-farming-agriculture-climate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MissouriBG-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MissouriBG_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=454685">"Solanum lycopersicum"</a>. Missouri Botanical Garden<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solanum+lycopersicum&rft.pub=Missouri+Botanical+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.missouribotanicalgarden.org%2FPlantFinder%2FPlantFinderDetails.aspx%3Ftaxonid%3D454685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SEINet-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SEINet_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=Solanum%20lycopersicum">"Solanum lycopersicon L."</a> <i>SEINet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SEINet&rft.atitle=Solanum+lycopersicon+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fswbiodiversity.org%2Fseinet%2Ftaxa%2Findex.php%3Ftaxon%3DSolanum%2520lycopersicum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeet" class="citation web cs1">Peet, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091126050832/http://www.ncsu.edu/sustainable/profiles/bot_tom.html">"Crop Profiles – Tomato"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsu.edu/sustainable/profiles/bot_tom.html">the original</a> on 26 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crop+Profiles+%E2%80%93+Tomato&rft.aulast=Peet&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsu.edu%2Fsustainable%2Fprofiles%2Fbot_tom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SingaporeNP-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SingaporeNP_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SingaporeNP_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/5/7/5772">"Solanum lycopersicum"</a>. Singapore National Parks<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solanum+lycopersicum&rft.pub=Singapore+National+Parks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nparks.gov.sg%2Fflorafaunaweb%2Fflora%2F5%2F7%2F5772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-North_Carolina_Extension_Gardener_Plant_Toolbox-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-North_Carolina_Extension_Gardener_Plant_Toolbox_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/solanum-lycopersicum/">"Solanum lycopersicum"</a>. North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solanum+lycopersicum&rft.pub=North+Carolina+Extension+Gardener+Plant+Toolbox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplants.ces.ncsu.edu%2Fplants%2Fsolanum-lycopersicum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharma-2012-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sharma-2012_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharma-2012_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2012" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, V. P. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o4qwjov434kC&pg=PA41"><i>Nature at Work – the Ongoing Saga of Evolution</i></a>. Springer. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8489-991-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8489-991-7"><bdi>978-81-8489-991-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature+at+Work+%E2%80%93+the+Ongoing+Saga+of+Evolution&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-81-8489-991-7&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=V.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do4qwjov434kC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankieThorpCovillebarbara2014" class="citation book cs1">Frankie, Gordon; Thorp, Robbin; Coville, Rollin; barbara, Ertter; California Native Plant Society (2014). <i>California bees & blooms: a guide for gardeners and naturalists</i>. Berkeley, CA: Heydey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781597142946" title="Special:BookSources/9781597142946"><bdi>9781597142946</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California+bees+%26+blooms%3A+a+guide+for+gardeners+and+naturalists&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=Heydey&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781597142946&rft.aulast=Frankie&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Thorp%2C+Robbin&rft.au=Coville%2C+Rollin&rft.au=barbara%2C+Ertter&rft.au=California+Native+Plant+Society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RHS-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RHS_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/293619/solanum-lycopersicum/details">"Solanum lycopersicum: tomato"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">Royal Horticultural Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solanum+lycopersicum%3A+tomato&rft.pub=Royal+Horticultural+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhs.org.uk%2Fplants%2F293619%2Fsolanum-lycopersicum%2Fdetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuñosRancBottonBérard2011" class="citation journal cs1">Muños, Stéphane; Ranc, Nicolas; Botton, Emmanuel; Bérard, Aurélie; Rolland, Sophie; et al. (1 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149950">"Increase in Tomato Locule Number Is Controlled by Two Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Located Near <i>WUSCHEL</i>"</a>. <i>Plant Physiology</i>. <b>156</b> (4): 2244–2254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1104%2Fpp.111.173997">10.1104/pp.111.173997</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149950">3149950</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21673133">21673133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Increase+in+Tomato+Locule+Number+Is+Controlled+by+Two+Single-Nucleotide+Polymorphisms+Located+Near+WUSCHEL&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=2244-2254&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3149950%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21673133&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1104%2Fpp.111.173997&rft.aulast=Mu%C3%B1os&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft.au=Ranc%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Botton%2C+Emmanuel&rft.au=B%C3%A9rard%2C+Aur%C3%A9lie&rft.au=Rolland%2C+Sophie&rft.au=Duff%C3%A9%2C+Philippe&rft.au=Carretero%2C+Yolande&rft.au=Le+Paslier%2C+Marie-Christine&rft.au=Delalande%2C+Corinne&rft.au=Bouzayen%2C+Mondher&rft.au=Brunel%2C+Dominique&rft.au=Causse%2C+Mathilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3149950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extensionpublications.unl.edu/assets/html/g1864/build/g1864.htm">"Selecting Tomatoes for the Home Garden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska%E2%80%93Lincoln" title="University of Nebraska–Lincoln">University of Nebraska–Lincoln</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selecting+Tomatoes+for+the+Home+Garden&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska%E2%80%93Lincoln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fextensionpublications.unl.edu%2Fassets%2Fhtml%2Fg1864%2Fbuild%2Fg1864.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee-2007-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lee-2007_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeSargentHuber2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Eunkyung; Sargent, Steven A.; Huber, Donald J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21273%2FHORTSCI.42.5.1237">"Physiological Changes in Roma-type Tomato Induced by Mechanical Stress at Several Ripeness Stages"</a>. <i>HortScience</i>. <b>42</b> (5): 1237–1242. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21273%2FHORTSCI.42.5.1237">10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1237</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HortScience&rft.atitle=Physiological+Changes+in+Roma-type+Tomato+Induced+by+Mechanical+Stress+at+Several+Ripeness+Stages&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1237-1242&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21273%2FHORTSCI.42.5.1237&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Eunkyung&rft.au=Sargent%2C+Steven+A.&rft.au=Huber%2C+Donald+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.21273%252FHORTSCI.42.5.1237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/grow-plants/how-to-save-tomato-seed/">"Welcome to nginx!"</a>. <i>gardenersworld.com</i>. Gardeners' World Magazine. 24 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230103114534/https://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/grow-plants/how-to-save-tomato-seed/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gardenersworld.com&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+nginx%21&rft.date=2019-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gardenersworld.com%2Fhow-to%2Fgrow-plants%2Fhow-to-save-tomato-seed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuendiaWangGirardinLefebvre2016" class="citation journal cs1">Buendia, Luis; Wang, Tongming; Girardin, Ariane; Lefebvre, Benoit (April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnph.13753">"The LysM receptor-like kinase Sl LYK 10 regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato"</a>. <i>New Phytologist</i>. <b>210</b> (1): 184–195. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NewPh.210..184B">2016NewPh.210..184B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnph.13753">10.1111/nph.13753</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26612325">26612325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=The+LysM+receptor-like+kinase+Sl+LYK+10+regulates+the+arbuscular+mycorrhizal+symbiosis+in+tomato&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=184-195&rft.date=2016-04&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26612325&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnph.13753&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016NewPh.210..184B&rft.aulast=Buendia&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.au=Wang%2C+Tongming&rft.au=Girardin%2C+Ariane&rft.au=Lefebvre%2C+Benoit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fnph.13753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olmstead, Richard G., et al. "Phylogeny and provisional classification of the Solanaceae based on chloroplast DNA." Solanaceae IV 1.1 (1999): 1-137. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tharindu-Ranasinghe-2/post/Is-there-a-complete-phylogenetic-description-of-the-Solanaceae-family/attachment/59d63db579197b807799a764/AS%3A421051545735172%401477397919618/download/PHYLOGENY+AND+PROVISIONAL+CLASSIFICATION+OF+THE+SOLANACEAE+BASED+ON+CHLOROPLAST+DNA.pdf">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tharindu-Ranasinghe-2/post/Is-there-a-complete-phylogenetic-description-of-the-Solanaceae-family/attachment/59d63db579197b807799a764/AS%3A421051545735172%401477397919618/download/PHYLOGENY+AND+PROVISIONAL+CLASSIFICATION+OF+THE+SOLANACEAE+BASED+ON+CHLOROPLAST+DNA.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606004439/http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=146898-2">"Lycopersicon esculentum"</a>. International Plant Name Index. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=146898-2">the original</a> on 6 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lycopersicon+esculentum&rft.pub=International+Plant+Name+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fipni%2FidPlantNameSearch.do%3Fid%3D146898-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art23">"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants"</a>. International Association for Plant Taxonomy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+algae%2C+fungi%2C+and+plants&rft.pub=International+Association+for+Plant+Taxonomy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fmain.php%3Fpage%3Dart23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurland2019" class="citation book cs1">Turland, Nicholas (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sdsu.edu/plantsystematics/pdfs/Turland2019-Nomenclature-ICN.pdf"><i>The Code Decoded: A user's guide to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pensoft. p. 85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Code+Decoded%3A+A+user%27s+guide+to+the+International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+algae%2C+fungi%2C+and+plants&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Pensoft&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Turland&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplants.sdsu.edu%2Fplantsystematics%2Fpdfs%2FTurland2019-Nomenclature-ICN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peralta-2001-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peralta-2001_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeraltaSpooner2001" class="citation journal cs1">Peralta, I. E.; Spooner, D. M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3558365">"Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI) gene phylogeny of wild tomatoes (<i>Solanum</i> L. section <i>Lycopersicon</i> (Mill.) Wettst. subsection <i>Lycopersicon</i>)"</a>. <i>American Journal of Botany</i>. <b>88</b> (10): 1888–1902. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3558365">10.2307/3558365</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3558365">3558365</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21669622">21669622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Granule-bound+starch+synthase+%28GBSSI%29+gene+phylogeny+of+wild+tomatoes+%28Solanum+L.+section+Lycopersicon+%28Mill.%29+Wettst.+subsection+Lycopersicon%29&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1888-1902&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21669622&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3558365%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3558365&rft.aulast=Peralta&rft.aufirst=I.+E.&rft.au=Spooner%2C+D.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%252F3558365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsen,_E.Daniel,_M._K.Bergervoet-van_Deelen,_J._E._M.Huigen,_D._J.1994" class="citation journal cs1">Jacobsen, E.; Daniel, M. K.; Bergervoet-van Deelen, J. E. M.; Huigen, D. J.; Ramanna, M. S. (1994). "The first and second backcross progeny of the intergeneric fusion hybrids of potato and tomato after crossing with potato". <i>Theoretical and Applied Genetics</i>. <b>88</b> (2): 181–186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00225895">10.1007/BF00225895</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24185924">24185924</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1015489">1015489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+first+and+second+backcross+progeny+of+the+intergeneric+fusion+hybrids+of+potato+and+tomato+after+crossing+with+potato&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=181-186&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1015489%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24185924&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00225895&rft.au=Jacobsen%2C+E.&rft.au=Daniel%2C+M.+K.&rft.au=Bergervoet-van+Deelen%2C+J.+E.+M.&rft.au=Huigen%2C+D.+J.&rft.au=Ramanna%2C+M.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller" class="citation web cs1">Mueller, L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solgenomics.net/about/tomato_project_overview.pl">"International Tomato Genome Sequencing Project"</a>. Sol Genomics Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Tomato+Genome+Sequencing+Project&rft.pub=Sol+Genomics+Network&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolgenomics.net%2Fabout%2Ftomato_project_overview.pl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanujan2007" class="citation news cs1">Ramanujan, K. (30 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100713035349/http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Jan07/SolanacaeNSF.kr.html">"Tomato genome project gets $1.8M"</a>. News.cornell.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Jan07/SolanacaeNSF.kr.html">the original</a> on 13 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tomato+genome+project+gets+%241.8M&rft.date=2007-01-30&rft.aulast=Ramanujan&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cornell.edu%2Fstories%2FJan07%2FSolanacaeNSF.kr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solgenomics.net/tomato/">"Tomato Genome Shotgun Sequence Prerelease"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tomato+Genome+Shotgun+Sequence+Prerelease&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolgenomics.net%2Ftomato%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatoTabataHirakawaAsamizu2012" class="citation journal cs1">Sato, S.; Tabata, S.; Hirakawa, H.; Asamizu, E.; Shirasawa, K.; et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3378239">"The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>485</b> (7400): 635–641. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.485..635T">2012Natur.485..635T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature11119">10.1038/nature11119</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3378239">3378239</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22660326">22660326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+tomato+genome+sequence+provides+insights+into+fleshy+fruit+evolution&rft.volume=485&rft.issue=7400&rft.pages=635-641&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3378239%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22660326&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature11119&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Natur.485..635T&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Tabata%2C+S.&rft.au=Hirakawa%2C+H.&rft.au=Asamizu%2C+E.&rft.au=Shirasawa%2C+K.&rft.au=Isobe%2C+S.&rft.au=Kaneko%2C+T.&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Y.&rft.au=Shibata%2C+D.&rft.au=Aoki%2C+K.&rft.au=Egholm%2C+M.&rft.au=Knight%2C+J.&rft.au=Bogden%2C+R.&rft.au=Li%2C+C.&rft.au=Shuang%2C+Y.&rft.au=Xu%2C+X.&rft.au=Pan%2C+S.&rft.au=Cheng%2C+S.&rft.au=Liu%2C+X.&rft.au=Ren%2C+Y.&rft.au=Wang%2C+J.&rft.au=Albiero%2C+A.&rft.au=Dal+Pero%2C+F.&rft.au=Todesco%2C+S.&rft.au=Van+Eck%2C+J.&rft.au=Buels%2C+R.+M.&rft.au=Bombarely%2C+A.&rft.au=Gosselin%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Huang%2C+M.&rft.au=Leto%2C+J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3378239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604005502/http://www.rdmag.com/News/Feeds/2012/06/general-sciences-tomato-genome-is-sequenced-for-the-first-time/">"Tomato genome is sequenced for the first time"</a>. <i>R&D</i>. 1 June 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rdmag.com/News/Feeds/2012/06/general-sciences-tomato-genome-is-sequenced-for-the-first-time/">the original</a> on 4 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=R%26D&rft.atitle=Tomato+genome+is+sequenced+for+the+first+time&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rdmag.com%2FNews%2FFeeds%2F2012%2F06%2Fgeneral-sciences-tomato-genome-is-sequenced-for-the-first-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuWangGengDu2021" class="citation journal cs1">Su, Xiao; Wang, Baoan; Geng, Xiaolin; Du, Yuefan; Yang, Qinqin; et al. (15 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8672587">"A high-continuity and annotated tomato reference genome"</a>. <i>BMC Genomics</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 898. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12864-021-08212-x">10.1186/s12864-021-08212-x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-2164">1471-2164</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8672587">8672587</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34911432">34911432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Genomics&rft.atitle=A+high-continuity+and+annotated+tomato+reference+genome&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=898&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8672587%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1471-2164&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34911432&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12864-021-08212-x&rft.aulast=Su&rft.aufirst=Xiao&rft.au=Wang%2C+Baoan&rft.au=Geng%2C+Xiaolin&rft.au=Du%2C+Yuefan&rft.au=Yang%2C+Qinqin&rft.au=Liang%2C+Bin&rft.au=Meng%2C+Ge&rft.au=Gao%2C+Qiang&rft.au=Yang%2C+Wencai&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Yingfang&rft.au=Lin%2C+Tao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8672587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedenbaughHiatt,_B.Martineau,_B.Kramer,_M.1992" class="citation book cs1">Redenbaugh, K.; Hiatt, B.; Martineau, B.; Kramer, M.; Sheehy, R.; et al. (1992). <i>Safety Assessment of Genetically Engineered Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study of the Flavr Savr Tomato</i>. CRC Press. p. 288.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Safety+Assessment+of+Genetically+Engineered+Fruits+and+Vegetables%3A+A+Case+Study+of+the+Flavr+Savr+Tomato&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Redenbaugh&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Hiatt%2C+B.&rft.au=Martineau%2C+B.&rft.au=Kramer%2C+M.&rft.au=Sheehy%2C+R.&rft.au=Sanders%2C+R.&rft.au=Houck%2C+C.&rft.au=Emlay%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrueningLyons2000" class="citation journal cs1">Bruening, G.; Lyons, J.M. (2000). "The case of the FLAVR SAVR tomato". <i>California Agriculture</i>. <b>54</b> (4). University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources: 6–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3733%2Fca.v054n04p6">10.3733/ca.v054n04p6</a></span> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Agriculture&rft.atitle=The+case+of+the+FLAVR+SAVR+tomato&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3733%2Fca.v054n04p6&rft.aulast=Bruening&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Lyons%2C+J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell-2012-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Powell-2012_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowellNguyenHillCheng2012" class="citation journal cs1">Powell, Ann L. T.; Nguyen, Cuong V.; Hill, Theresa; Cheng, KaLai Lam; Figueroa-Balderas, Rosa; et al. (29 June 2012). "<i>Uniform ripening</i> Encodes a <i>Golden 2-like</i> Transcription Factor Regulating Tomato Fruit Chloroplast Development". <i>Science</i>. <b>336</b> (6089). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 1711–1715. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...336.1711P">2012Sci...336.1711P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1222218">10.1126/science.1222218</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22745430">22745430</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23517955">23517955</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Uniform+ripening+Encodes+a+Golden+2-like+Transcription+Factor+Regulating+Tomato+Fruit+Chloroplast+Development&rft.volume=336&rft.issue=6089&rft.pages=1711-1715&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1222218&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23517955%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22745430&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Sci...336.1711P&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Ann+L.+T.&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Cuong+V.&rft.au=Hill%2C+Theresa&rft.au=Cheng%2C+KaLai+Lam&rft.au=Figueroa-Balderas%2C+Rosa&rft.au=Aktas%2C+Hakan&rft.au=Ashrafi%2C+Hamid&rft.au=Pons%2C+Clara&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Mu%C3%B1oz%2C+Rafael&rft.au=Vicente%2C+Ariel&rft.au=Lopez-Baltazar%2C+Javier&rft.au=Barry%2C+Cornelius+S.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yongsheng&rft.au=Chetelat%2C+Roger&rft.au=Granell%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Van+Deynze%2C+Allen&rft.au=Giovannoni%2C+James+J.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Alan+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kolata-2012-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kolata-2012_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolata2012" class="citation news cs1">Kolata, Gina (28 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/29/science/flavor-is-the-price-of-tomatoes-scarlet-hue-geneticists-say.html">"Flavor Is Price of Scarlet Hue of Tomatoes, Study Finds"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Flavor+Is+Price+of+Scarlet+Hue+of+Tomatoes%2C+Study+Finds&rft.date=2012-06-28&rft.aulast=Kolata&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F06%2F29%2Fscience%2Fflavor-is-the-price-of-tomatoes-scarlet-hue-geneticists-say.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cocaliadis-2014-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cocaliadis-2014_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCocaliadisFernández-MuñozPonsOrzaez2014" class="citation journal cs1">Cocaliadis, Maria Florencia; Fernández-Muñoz, Rafael; Pons, Clara; Orzaez, Diego; Granell, Antonio (10 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjxb%2Feru165">"Increasing tomato fruit quality by enhancing fruit chloroplast function. A double-edged sword?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Experimental_Botany" title="Journal of Experimental Botany">Journal of Experimental Botany</a></i>. <b>65</b> (16): 4589–4598. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjxb%2Feru165">10.1093/jxb/eru165</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10251%2F79375">10251/79375</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24723405">24723405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Botany&rft.atitle=Increasing+tomato+fruit+quality+by+enhancing+fruit+chloroplast+function.+A+double-edged+sword%3F&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=4589-4598&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10251%2F79375&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24723405&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjxb%2Feru165&rft.aulast=Cocaliadis&rft.aufirst=Maria+Florencia&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Mu%C3%B1oz%2C+Rafael&rft.au=Pons%2C+Clara&rft.au=Orzaez%2C+Diego&rft.au=Granell%2C+Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjxb%252Feru165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klee-2018-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klee-2018_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klee-2018_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleeTieman2018" class="citation journal cs1">Klee, Harry J.; Tieman, Denise M. (2018). "The genetics of fruit flavour preferences". <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>19</b> (6): 347–356. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41576-018-0002-5">10.1038/s41576-018-0002-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29563555">29563555</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:736072">736072</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+genetics+of+fruit+flavour+preferences&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=347-356&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A736072%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29563555&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41576-018-0002-5&rft.aulast=Klee&rft.aufirst=Harry+J.&rft.au=Tieman%2C+Denise+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevens-1986-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens-1986_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens-1986_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens1986" class="citation book cs1">Stevens, M. Allen (1986). "Inheritance of Tomato Fruit Quality Components". <i>Plant Breeding Reviews</i>. Vol. 4. <a href="/wiki/Westport,_CT" class="mw-redirect" title="Westport, CT">Westport, CT</a>: Avi Publishing Company. pp. 273–311. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118061015.ch9">10.1002/9781118061015.ch9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118061015" title="Special:BookSources/9781118061015"><bdi>9781118061015</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inheritance+of+Tomato+Fruit+Quality+Components&rft.btitle=Plant+Breeding+Reviews&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=273-311&rft.pub=Avi+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118061015.ch9&rft.isbn=9781118061015&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=M.+Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaeraniVoorrips2006" class="citation journal cs1">Chaerani, Reni; Voorrips, Roeland E. (2006). "Tomato early blight (<i>Alternaria solani</i>): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance". <i>Journal of General Plant Pathology</i>. <b>72</b> (6): 335–347. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JGPP...72..335C">2006JGPP...72..335C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10327-006-0299-3">10.1007/s10327-006-0299-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36002406">36002406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+General+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Tomato+early+blight+%28Alternaria+solani%29%3A+the+pathogen%2C+genetics%2C+and+breeding+for+resistance&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=335-347&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A36002406%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10327-006-0299-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006JGPP...72..335C&rft.aulast=Chaerani&rft.aufirst=Reni&rft.au=Voorrips%2C+Roeland+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611145322/http://www.learnaboutag.org/resources/fact/tomatoes.pdf">"Processing tomatoes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Commodity Fact Sheet</i>. California Foundation for Agriculture in the Classroom. September 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learnaboutag.org/resources/fact/tomatoes.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commodity+Fact+Sheet&rft.atitle=Processing+tomatoes&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.learnaboutag.org%2Fresources%2Ffact%2Ftomatoes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation web cs1">Jones, J. Benton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160520215357/http://www.growtomatoes.com/growing-in-the-greenhouse/">"Growing in the Greenhouse"</a>. <i>Growing Tomatoes</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.growtomatoes.com/growing-in-the-greenhouse/">the original</a> on 20 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Growing+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Growing+in+the+Greenhouse&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=J.+Benton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.growtomatoes.com%2Fgrowing-in-the-greenhouse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bio-protocol.org/bio101/e3121">"A simplified hydroponic culture of <i>Arabidopsis</i>"</a>. <i>Bio-101</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio-101&rft.atitle=A+simplified+hydroponic+culture+of+Arabidopsis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbio-protocol.org%2Fbio101%2Fe3121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2022" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Adam (10 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agrilifetoday.tamu.edu/2022/06/10/pick-tomatoes-at-color-break/">"Pick tomatoes at color break: Ripening off the vine extends harvest, quality with no taste difference"</a>. <i>Agrilife Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Tomatoes ripen as they begin to produce ethylene gas, which promotes the process. ... many commercially grown tomatoes are picked green for shipping, then treated with ethylene gas or placed in "ripening rooms" to promote ripening.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agrilife+Today&rft.atitle=Pick+tomatoes+at+color+break%3A+Ripening+off+the+vine+extends+harvest%2C+quality+with+no+taste+difference&rft.date=2022-06-10&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagrilifetoday.tamu.edu%2F2022%2F06%2F10%2Fpick-tomatoes-at-color-break%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bittman-2013-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bittman-2013_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBittman2013" class="citation news cs1">Bittman, Mark (17 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/17/not-all-industrial-food-is-evil/">"Not All Industrial Food Is Evil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Not+All+Industrial+Food+Is+Evil&rft.date=2013-08-17&rft.aulast=Bittman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopinionator.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F08%2F17%2Fnot-all-industrial-food-is-evil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAOSTAT-2022-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2022_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2022_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC">"Tomato production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"</a>. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tomato+production+in+2022%2C+Crops%2FRegions%2FWorld+list%2FProduction+Quantity%2FYear+%28pick+lists%29&rft.pub=UN+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization%2C+Corporate+Statistical+Database+%28FAOSTAT%29&rft.date=2022&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fen%2F%23data%2FQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAOSTAT-2014-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2014_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2014_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906230329/http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567">"FAOSTAT: Production-Crops, 2012 data"</a>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor">the original</a> on 6 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAOSTAT%3A+Production-Crops%2C+2012+data&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaostat.fao.org%2Fsite%2F567%2FDesktopDefault.aspx%3FPageID%3D567%23ancor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAOSTAT-2012-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAOSTAT-2012_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/browse/Q/QC/E">"FAOSTAT: Production-Crops, 2012 data"</a>, <i>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</i>, August 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn,_J.Fetzer,_J.2009" class="citation web cs1">Hahn, J.; Fetzer, J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110311110055/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/dg7561.html">"Slugs in Home Gardens"</a>. University of Minnesota Extension. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/dg7561.html">the original</a> on 11 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slugs+in+Home+Gardens&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Extension&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Hahn%2C+J.&rft.au=Fetzer%2C+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.extension.umn.edu%2Fdistribution%2Fhorticulture%2Fdg7561.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISC-2015-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISC-2015_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/56111">"Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite)"</a>. Wallingford, UK: Invasive Species Compendium, Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International. 23 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aculops+lycopersici+%28tomato+russet+mite%29&rft.place=Wallingford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Invasive+Species+Compendium%2C+Centre+for+Agriculture+and+Biosciences+International&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabi.org%2Fisc%2Fdatasheet%2F56111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narvaez-Vasquez-2008-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Narvaez-Vasquez-2008_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarvaez-VasquezOrozco-Cardenas2008" class="citation book cs1">Narvaez-Vasquez, J.; Orozco-Cardenas, M. L. (2008). "15 Systemins and AtPeps: Defense-related Peptide Signals". In Schaller, A. (ed.). <i>Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8181-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8181-1"><bdi>978-1-4020-8181-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=15+Systemins+and+AtPeps%3A+Defense-related+Peptide+Signals&rft.btitle=Induced+Plant+Resistance+to+Herbivory&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-8181-1&rft.aulast=Narvaez-Vasquez&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Orozco-Cardenas%2C+M.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfleger,_F._L.Zeyen,_R._J.2008" class="citation web cs1">Pfleger, F. L.; Zeyen, R. J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614075040/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/dg1168.html">"Tomato-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Disease"</a>. University of Minnesota Extension. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG1168.html">the original</a> on 14 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tomato-Tobacco+Mosaic+Virus+Disease&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Extension&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Pfleger%2C+F.+L.&rft.au=Zeyen%2C+R.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.extension.umn.edu%2Fdistribution%2Fhorticulture%2FDG1168.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg" class="citation web cs1">Goldberg, N. P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.nmsu.edu/_h/H106/index.html">"Curly Top Virus: Guide H-106"</a>. College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental Sciences. <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_University" title="New Mexico State University">New Mexico State University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curly+Top+Virus%3A+Guide+H-106&rft.pub=College+of+Agriculture%2C+Consumer+and+Environmental+Sciences.+New+Mexico+State+University&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=N.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.nmsu.edu%2F_h%2FH106%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fitzpatrick-2020-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fitzpatrick-2020_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fitzpatrick-2020_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzpatrickSalas-GonzálezConwayFinkel2020" class="citation journal cs1">Fitzpatrick, Connor R.; Salas-González, Isai; Conway, Jonathan M.; Finkel, Omri M.; Gilbert, Sarah; Russ, Dor; Teixeira, Paulo José Pereira Lima; Dangl, Jeffery L. (8 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/br86bc78d">"The Plant Microbiome: From Ecology to Reductionism and Beyond"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Microbiology" title="Annual Review of Microbiology">Annual Review of Microbiology</a></i>. <b>74</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Annual_Reviews_(publisher)" title="Annual Reviews (publisher)">Annual Reviews</a>: 81–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-micro-022620-014327">10.1146/annurev-micro-022620-014327</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0066-4227">0066-4227</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32530732">32530732</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219621296">219621296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+Plant+Microbiome%3A+From+Ecology+to+Reductionism+and+Beyond&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-100&rft.date=2020-09-08&rft.issn=0066-4227&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219621296%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32530732&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-micro-022620-014327&rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&rft.aufirst=Connor+R.&rft.au=Salas-Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+Isai&rft.au=Conway%2C+Jonathan+M.&rft.au=Finkel%2C+Omri+M.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Russ%2C+Dor&rft.au=Teixeira%2C+Paulo+Jos%C3%A9+Pereira+Lima&rft.au=Dangl%2C+Jeffery+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdr.lib.unc.edu%2Fdownloads%2Fbr86bc78d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fleming-2013-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fleming-2013_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2013" class="citation news cs1">Fleming, Amy (9 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2013/apr/09/umami-fifth-taste">"Umami: why the fifth taste is so important"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Umami%3A+why+the+fifth+taste+is+so+important&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2Fwordofmouth%2F2013%2Fapr%2F09%2Fumami-fifth-taste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dle.rae.es/gazpacho?m=form">"gazpacho"</a>. <i>Royal Spanish Academy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Spanish+Academy&rft.atitle=gazpacho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdle.rae.es%2Fgazpacho%3Fm%3Dform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodandwine.com/recipes/catalan-tomato-bread">"Pa Amb Tomàquet (Catalan Tomato Bread)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Food_%26_Wine" title="Food & Wine">Food & Wine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+%26+Wine&rft.atitle=Pa+Amb+Tom%C3%A0quet+%28Catalan+Tomato+Bread%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodandwine.com%2Frecipes%2Fcatalan-tomato-bread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeyer2024" class="citation web cs1">Beyer, Greg (7 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecollector.com/history-of-tomato/">"The History of the Tomato: The Fruit that Spread Round the World"</a>. <i>The Collector</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Collector&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Tomato%3A+The+Fruit+that+Spread+Round+the+World&rft.date=2024-04-07&rft.aulast=Beyer&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecollector.com%2Fhistory-of-tomato%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollingham2006165-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollingham2006165_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollingham2006">Collingham 2006</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh-1973-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singh-1973_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1973" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Dharamjit (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiancookery00sing/page/21"><i>Indian Cookery</i></a>. Penguin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiancookery00sing/page/21">21,58</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140461411" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140461411"><bdi>978-0140461411</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Cookery&rft.pages=21%2C58&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0140461411&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Dharamjit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findiancookery00sing%2Fpage%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhangal-2013-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bhangal-2013_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhangal2013" class="citation book cs1">Bhangal, Jasprit (2013). <i>Indian Cooking with Four Ingredients</i>. Troubador. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780884868" title="Special:BookSources/9781780884868"><bdi>9781780884868</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Cooking+with+Four+Ingredients&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Troubador&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781780884868&rft.aulast=Bhangal&rft.aufirst=Jasprit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollingham20061–11-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollingham20061–11_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollingham2006">Collingham 2006</a>, pp. 1–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParnellSuslowHarris2004" class="citation web cs1">Parnell, Tracy L.; Suslow, Trevor V.; Harris, Linda J. (March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130214062847/http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8116.pdf">"Tomatoes:Safe Methods to Store, Preserve, and Enjoy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ANR Catalog</i>. University of California: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8116.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANR+Catalog&rft.atitle=Tomatoes%3ASafe+Methods+to+Store%2C+Preserve%2C+and+Enjoy&rft.date=2004-03&rft.aulast=Parnell&rft.aufirst=Tracy+L.&rft.au=Suslow%2C+Trevor+V.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Linda+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanrcatalog.ucdavis.edu%2Fpdf%2F8116.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/pdf/5532.pdf">"Selecting, Storing and Serving Ohio Tomatoes, HYG-5532-93"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ohio State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selecting%2C+Storing+and+Serving+Ohio+Tomatoes%2C+HYG-5532-93&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fohioline.osu.edu%2Fhyg-fact%2F5000%2Fpdf%2F5532.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406050733/http://www.cooksillustrated.com/howto/print/detail.asp?docid=1173">How To Cook</a>. Cooks Illustrated (1 July 2008). Retrieved on 5 September 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405083130/http://www.cpma.ca/en/about/areas-of-focus/vegetables">"Vegetables"</a>. <i>Canadian Produce Marketing Association Website</i>. Canadian Produce Marketing Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpma.ca/en/about/areas-of-focus/vegetables#Tomato">the original</a> on 5 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Produce+Marketing+Association+Website&rft.atitle=Vegetables&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpma.ca%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fareas-of-focus%2Fvegetables%23Tomato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2024" class="citation web cs1">Watson, Molly (26 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruceeats.com/how-to-preserve-tomatoes-2217665">"How To Preserve Tomatoes: Canning, Drying, and Freezing Tomatoes With Ease"</a>. <i>The Spruce Eats</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spruce+Eats&rft.atitle=How+To+Preserve+Tomatoes%3A+Canning%2C+Drying%2C+and+Freezing+Tomatoes+With+Ease&rft.date=2024-07-26&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespruceeats.com%2Fhow-to-preserve-tomatoes-2217665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_MedicineHealth_and_Medicine_DivisionFood_and_Nutrition_BoardCommittee_to_Review_the_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_for_Sodium_and_Potassium2019" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/"><i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i></a>. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509063633/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+National+Academies+Collection%3A+Reports+funded+by+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=Health+and+Medicine+Division&rft.au=Food+and+Nutrition+Board&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK538102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kavanaugh-2007-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kavanaugh-2007_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKavanaughTrumboEllwood2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kavanaugh CJ, Trumbo PR, Ellwood KC (July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/99/14/1074/937795">"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review for qualified health claims: tomatoes, lycopene, and cancer"</a>. <i>Journal of the National Cancer Institute</i>. <b>99</b> (14): 1074–85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjnci%2Fdjm037">10.1093/jnci/djm037</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17623802">17623802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration%27s+evidence-based+review+for+qualified+health+claims%3A+tomatoes%2C+lycopene%2C+and+cancer&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=1074-85&rft.date=2007-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjnci%2Fdjm037&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17623802&rft.aulast=Kavanaugh&rft.aufirst=CJ&rft.au=Trumbo%2C+PR&rft.au=Ellwood%2C+KC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fjnci%2Farticle%2F99%2F14%2F1074%2F937795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EFSA-2011-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EFSA-2011_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Food_Safety_Authority2011" class="citation journal cs1">European Food Safety Authority (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2011.2031">"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to lycopene and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1608, 1609, 1611, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1899, 1942, 2081, 2082, 2142, 2374), protection of the skin from UV-induced (including photo-oxidative) damage (ID 1259, 1607, 1665, 2143, 2262, 2373), contribution to normal cardiac function (ID 1610, 2372), and maintenance of normal vision (ID 1827) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006"</a>. <i>EFSA Journal</i>. <b>9</b> (4): 2031. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2011.2031">10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2031</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EFSA+Journal&rft.atitle=Scientific+Opinion+on+the+substantiation+of+health+claims+related+to+lycopene+and+protection+of+DNA%2C+proteins+and+lipids+from+oxidative+damage+%28ID+1608%2C+1609%2C+1611%2C+1662%2C+1663%2C+1664%2C+1899%2C+1942%2C+2081%2C+2082%2C+2142%2C+2374%29%2C+protection+of+the+skin+from+UV-induced+%28including+photo-oxidative%29+damage+%28ID+1259%2C+1607%2C+1665%2C+2143%2C+2262%2C+2373%29%2C+contribution+to+normal+cardiac+function+%28ID+1610%2C+2372%29%2C+and+maintenance+of+normal+vision+%28ID+1827%29+pursuant+to+Article+13%281%29+of+Regulation+%28EC%29+No+1924%2F2006&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=2031&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2011.2031&rft.au=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2903%252Fj.efsa.2011.2031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mcgee-2009-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mcgee-2009_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mcgee-2009_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcgee2009" class="citation news cs1">Mcgee, H. (29 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/29/dining/29curi.html">"Accused, Yes, but Probably Not a Killer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Accused%2C+Yes%2C+but+Probably+Not+a+Killer&rft.date=2009-07-29&rft.aulast=Mcgee&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F07%2F29%2Fdining%2F29curi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barceloux-2009-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barceloux-2009_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarceloux2009" class="citation journal cs1">Barceloux, D. G. (2009). "Potatoes, Tomatoes, and Solanine Toxicity (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L., <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.)". <i>Disease-a-Month</i>. <b>55</b> (6): 391–402. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.disamonth.2009.03.009">10.1016/j.disamonth.2009.03.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19446683">19446683</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41740029">41740029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disease-a-Month&rft.atitle=Potatoes%2C+Tomatoes%2C+and+Solanine+Toxicity+%28Solanum+tuberosum+L.%2C+Solanum+lycopersicum+L.%29&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=391-402&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41740029%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19446683&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.disamonth.2009.03.009&rft.aulast=Barceloux&rft.aufirst=D.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIH-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIH_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140928132105/http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/chaconinesolanine_508.pdf">"Executive Summary Chaconine and Solanine: 6.0 through 8.0"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NIH. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/chaconinesolanine_508.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Summary+Chaconine+and+Solanine%3A+6.0+through+8.0&rft.pub=NIH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fntp.niehs.nih.gov%2Fntp%2Fhtdocs%2Fchem_background%2Fexsumpdf%2Fchaconinesolanine_508.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrevitz2004" class="citation book cs1">Brevitz, B. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/houndhealthhandb0000brev/page/404"><i>Hound Health Handbook: The Definitive Guide to Keeping your Dog Happy</i></a>. Workman Publishing Company. p. 404. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-2795-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-2795-6"><bdi>978-0-7611-2795-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hound+Health+Handbook%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+to+Keeping+your+Dog+Happy&rft.pages=404&rft.pub=Workman+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7611-2795-6&rft.aulast=Brevitz&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhoundhealthhandb0000brev%2Fpage%2F404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080126104725/http://www.foodsafety.ksu.edu/en/article-details.php?a=3&c=32&sc=419&id=953">"A selection of North American tomato related outbreaks from 1990–2005"</a>. Food Safety Network. 30 October 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodsafety.ksu.edu/en/article-details.php?a=3&c=32&sc=419&id=953">the original</a> on 26 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+selection+of+North+American+tomato+related+outbreaks+from+1990%E2%80%932005&rft.pub=Food+Safety+Network&rft.date=2006-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodsafety.ksu.edu%2Fen%2Farticle-details.php%3Fa%3D3%26c%3D32%26sc%3D419%26id%3D953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013133735/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/10/30/national/main2138331.shtml">"CDC Probes Salmonella Outbreak, Health Officials Say Bacteria May Have Spread Through Some Form Of Produce"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. 30 October 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/10/30/national/main2138331.shtml">the original</a> on 13 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=CDC+Probes+Salmonella+Outbreak%2C+Health+Officials+Say+Bacteria+May+Have+Spread+Through+Some+Form+Of+Produce&rft.date=2006-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2006%2F10%2F30%2Fnational%2Fmain2138331.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110825075739/http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/city/story.html?id=0c30bbc6-5fa0-41c2-9148-f57e622c0cdd">"Tomatoes taken off menus"</a>. Calgary Herald. 11 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/city/story.html?id=0c30bbc6-5fa0-41c2-9148-f57e622c0cdd">the original</a> on 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tomatoes+taken+off+menus&rft.pub=Calgary+Herald&rft.date=2008-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fcalgaryherald%2Fnews%2Fcity%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D0c30bbc6-5fa0-41c2-9148-f57e622c0cdd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECDPC-2023-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECDPC-2023_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/multi-country-outbreak-salmonella-senftenberg-st14-infections">"Multi-country outbreak of Salmonella Senftenberg ST14 infections possibly linked to cherry-like tomatoes"</a>. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 27 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multi-country+outbreak+of+Salmonella+Senftenberg+ST14+infections+possibly+linked+to+cherry-like+tomatoes&rft.pub=European+Centre+for+Disease+Prevention+and+Control&rft.date=2023-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpublications-data%2Fmulti-country-outbreak-salmonella-senftenberg-st14-infections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guinness-2006-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guinness-2006_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guinness-2006_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-tomatoes-harvested-from-one-plant-in-one-year">"Most tomatoes harvested from one plant in one year"</a>. <i>Guinness World Records</i>. 20 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205152127/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-tomatoes-harvested-from-one-plant-in-one-year">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guinness+World+Records&rft.atitle=Most+tomatoes+harvested+from+one+plant+in+one+year&rft.date=2006-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2Fmost-tomatoes-harvested-from-one-plant-in-one-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Disney_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070717063219/http://wdwnews.com/ViewImage.aspx?ImageID=101932">The country's only single vine "tomato tree" growing in The Land pavilion at Epcot</a>. Walt Disney World News</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012035247/http://itn.co.uk/news/9a5a1671ceba4f43741dc008f237c1ea.html">"Spain's tomato fighters see red"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>. 30 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itn.co.uk/news/9a5a1671ceba4f43741dc008f237c1ea.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spain%27s+tomato+fighters+see+red&rft.pub=ITV&rft.date=2007-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitn.co.uk%2Fnews%2F9a5a1671ceba4f43741dc008f237c1ea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/arkansas/state-food-agriculture-symbol/south-arkansas-vine-ripe-pink-tomato">"Vine Ripe Pink Tomato"</a>. <i>State Symbols USA</i>. 12 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Symbols+USA&rft.atitle=Vine+Ripe+Pink+Tomato&rft.date=2014-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Farkansas%2Fstate-food-agriculture-symbol%2Fsouth-arkansas-vine-ripe-pink-tomato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/ohio/state-food-agriculture-symbol/tomato">"Tomato"</a>. <i>State Symbols USA</i>. 5 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Symbols+USA&rft.atitle=Tomato&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fohio%2Fstate-food-agriculture-symbol%2Ftomato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reytomatofest.com/">"Tomato Festival, Reynoldsburg, Ohio"</a>. <i>Reynoldsburg Tomato Festival</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reynoldsburg+Tomato+Festival&rft.atitle=Tomato+Festival%2C+Reynoldsburg%2C+Ohio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reytomatofest.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reynoldsburg-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reynoldsburg_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110111123746/http://www.ci.reynoldsburg.oh.us/about-reynoldsburg.aspx">About Reynoldsburg</a>. ci.reynoldsburg.oh.us</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tomatkarnevalen.fi/">"Tomatkernevalen"</a>. <i>Tomatkernevalen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tomatkernevalen&rft.atitle=Tomatkernevalen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftomatkarnevalen.fi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolligan2012" class="citation web cs1">Holligan, Anna (30 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/19408907">"Dutch election: Emile Roemer seduces with Socialist charms"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>It still alludes to past Maoist allegiances with its emblem of a white star in a red tomato, harking back to the days when activists hurled fruit at opponents during protests.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dutch+election%3A+Emile+Roemer+seduces+with+Socialist+charms&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2012-08-30&rft.aulast=Holligan&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2F19408907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Zuylen-Wood2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Van Zuylen-Wood, Simon (21 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200121151651/https://www.wired.com/story/behind-the-scenes-rotten-tomatoes/">"Behind the Scenes at Rotten Tomatoes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/behind-the-scenes-rotten-tomatoes/">the original</a> on 21 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Scenes+at+Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft.aulast=Van+Zuylen-Wood&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fbehind-the-scenes-rotten-tomatoes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichaelsClarkHooverIrish2022" class="citation book cs1">Michaels, Tom; Clark, Matt; Hoover, Emily; Irish, Laura; Smith, Alan; Tepe, Emily (20 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.lib.umn.edu/horticulture/chapter/8-1-fruit-morphology/">"Chapter 8.1 Fruit Morphology"</a>. In Tepe, Emily (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.lib.umn.edu/horticulture/"><i>The Science of Plants</i></a>. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781946135872" title="Special:BookSources/9781946135872"><bdi>9781946135872</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8.1+Fruit+Morphology&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Plants&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Libraries+Publishing&rft.date=2022-06-20&rft.isbn=9781946135872&rft.aulast=Michaels&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Clark%2C+Matt&rft.au=Hoover%2C+Emily&rft.au=Irish%2C+Laura&rft.au=Smith%2C+Alan&rft.au=Tepe%2C+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.lib.umn.edu%2Fhorticulture%2Fchapter%2F8-1-fruit-morphology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abadi-2018-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abadi-2018_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbadi2018" class="citation web cs1">Abadi, Mark (26 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tomato-fruit-or-vegetable-2018-5">"A tomato is actually a fruit — but it's a vegetable at the same time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=A+tomato+is+actually+a+fruit+%E2%80%94+but+it%27s+a+vegetable+at+the+same+time&rft.date=2018-05-26&rft.aulast=Abadi&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftomato-fruit-or-vegetable-2018-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Nix_v._Hedden" title="Nix v. Hedden">Nix v. Hedden</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_149" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 149">149</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/149/304/">304</a> (1893).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollingham2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Collingham" title="Lizzie Collingham">Collingham, Lizzie</a> (2006) [2005 (<a href="/wiki/Chatto_%26_Windus" title="Chatto & Windus">Chatto & Windus</a>)]. <i>Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-099-43786-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-099-43786-4"><bdi>978-0-099-43786-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curry%3A+A+Tale+of+Cooks+and+Conquerors&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-099-43786-4&rft.aulast=Collingham&rft.aufirst=Lizzie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1994" class="citation book cs1">Smith, A. F. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tomatoinamericae00smit_0"><i>The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery</i></a>. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-000-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-000-0"><bdi>978-1-57003-000-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tomato+in+America%3A+Early+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Cookery&rft.place=Columbia%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-57003-000-0&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=A.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftomatoinamericae00smit_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>David Gentilcore. <i>Pomodoro! A History of the Tomato in Italy</i> (Columbia University Press, 2010), scholarly history</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Tieman, D.; Bliss, P.; McIntyre, L.M.; Blandon-Ubeda, A.; Bies, D.; Odabasi, A.Z.; Rodríguez, G.R.; van der Knaap, E; Taylor, M.G.; Goulet, C.; Mageroy, MH; Snyder, D.J.; Colquhoun, T.; Moskowitz, H.; Clark, D.G.; Sims, C.; Bartoshuk, L.; Klee, H.J. (5 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2012.04.016">"The Chemical Interactions Underlying Tomato Flavor Preferences"</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>22</b> (11): 1035–1039. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CBio...22.1035T">2012CBio...22.1035T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2012.04.016">10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.016</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22633806">22633806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Chemical+Interactions+Underlying+Tomato+Flavor+Preferences&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1035-1039&rft.date=2012-06-05&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22633806&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2012.04.016&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012CBio...22.1035T&rft.aulast=Tieman&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Bliss%2C+P.&rft.au=McIntyre%2C+L.M.&rft.au=Blandon-Ubeda%2C+A.&rft.au=Bies%2C+D.&rft.au=Odabasi%2C+A.Z.&rft.au=Rodr%C3%ADguez%2C+G.R.&rft.au=van+der+Knaap%2C+E&rft.au=Taylor%2C+M.G.&rft.au=Goulet%2C+C.&rft.au=Mageroy%2C+MH&rft.au=Snyder%2C+D.J.&rft.au=Colquhoun%2C+T.&rft.au=Moskowitz%2C+H.&rft.au=Clark%2C+D.G.&rft.au=Sims%2C+C.&rft.au=Bartoshuk%2C+L.&rft.au=Klee%2C+H.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cub.2012.04.016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATomato" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solanum_lycopersicum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Solanum lycopersicum">Solanum lycopersicum</a></b></i> and <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tomatoes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tomatoes">Tomatoes</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Tomato" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Tomato">Tomato</a> at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Horticulture" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Horticulture">Horticulture</a> at Wikibooks</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tomato" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Tomato">Tomato</a> at Wikibooks</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Data related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Solanum lycopersicum">Solanum lycopersicum</a> at Wikispecies</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tomato" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:tomato"><i>tomato</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgn.cornell.edu/about/tomato_sequencing.pl">Tomato Genome Sequencing Project</a> – Sequencing of the twelve tomato chromosomes.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-sol.wur.nl/">Tomato core collection database</a> – Phenotypes and images of 7,000 tomato cultivars</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tomatoes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tomatoes" title="Template:Tomatoes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tomatoes" title="Template talk:Tomatoes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tomatoes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tomatoes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tomatoes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tomatoes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tomato types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_tomato" title="Beefsteak tomato">Beefsteak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_tomato" title="Cherry tomato">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_tomato" title="Grape tomato">Grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear_tomato" title="Pear tomato">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_tomato" title="Plum tomato">Plum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tomato cultivars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailsa_Craig_tomato" title="Ailsa Craig tomato">Ailsa Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicante_tomato" title="Alicante tomato">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amish_Paste" title="Amish Paste">Amish Paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Traveler_tomato" title="Arkansas Traveler tomato">Arkansas Traveller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Ruby%27s_German_Green" title="Aunt Ruby's German Green">Aunt Ruby's German Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azoychka" title="Azoychka">Azoychka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Boy" title="Better Boy">Better Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rainbow" title="Big Rainbow">Big Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaby_Special" title="Blaby Special">Blaby Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Krim" title="Black Krim">Black Krim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandywine_(tomato)" title="Brandywine (tomato)">Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campari_tomato" title="Campari tomato">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_tomato" title="Celebrity tomato">Celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_purple" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee purple">Cherokee purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Girl" title="Early Girl">Early Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_of_July_tomato" title="Fourth of July tomato">Fourth of July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Peach" title="Garden Peach">Garden Peach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zebra" title="Green Zebra">Green Zebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_tomato" title="Hanover tomato">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_tomato" title="Hillbilly tomato">Hillbilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_tomato" title="Blue tomato">Indigo Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Boy_tomato" title="Jersey Boy tomato">Jersey Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_tomato" title="Jubilee tomato">Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumato" title="Kumato">Kumato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian%27s_Yellow" title="Lillian's Yellow">Lillian's Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marglobe" title="Marglobe">Marglobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt%27s_Wild_Cherry" title="Matt's Wild Cherry">Matt's Wild Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_Lifter" title="Mortgage Lifter">Mortgage Lifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Stripey" title="Mr. Stripey">Mr. Stripey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson_tomato" title="Paul Robeson tomato">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomodorino_del_Piennolo_del_Vesuvio" title="Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio">Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomodorino_di_Manduria" title="Pomodorino di Manduria">Pomodorino di Manduria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomodoro_di_Pachino" title="Pomodoro di Pachino">Pomodoro di Pachino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raf_tomato" title="Raf tomato">Raf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_tomato" title="Roma tomato">Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_tomato" title="Rutgers tomato">Rutgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marzano_tomato" title="San Marzano tomato">San Marzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santorini_tomato" title="Santorini tomato">Santorini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_tomato" title="Siberian tomato">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Sweet_100" title="Super Sweet 100">Super Sweet 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_tomato" title="Three Sisters tomato">Three Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigerella" title="Tigerella">Tigerella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaccio" title="Tomaccio">Tomaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomberry" title="Tomberry">Tomberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tomato_cultivars" title="List of tomato cultivars">List of tomato cultivars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tomato_dishes" title="List of tomato dishes">List of tomato dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruschetta" title="Bruschetta">Bruschetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_tomato" title="Canned tomato">Canned tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprese_salad" title="Caprese salad">Caprese salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fattoush" title="Fattoush">Fattoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_green_tomatoes" title="Fried green tomatoes">Fried green tomatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galayet_bandora" class="mw-redirect" title="Galayet bandora">Galayet bandora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_amb_tom%C3%A0quet" title="Pa amb tomàquet">Pa amb tomàquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzanella" title="Panzanella">Panzanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_al_pomodoro" title="Pasta al pomodoro">Pasta al pomodoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Margherita" title="Pizza Margherita">Pizza Margherita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stir-fried_tomato_and_scrambled_eggs" title="Stir-fried tomato and scrambled eggs">Stir-fried tomato and scrambled eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_tomatoes" title="Stuffed tomatoes">Stuffed tomatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun-dried_tomato" title="Sun-dried tomato">Sun-dried tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewed_tomatoes" title="Stewed tomatoes">Stewed tomatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapatsada" title="Strapatsada">Strapatsada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_bredie" title="Tomato bredie">Tomato bredie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_juice" title="Tomato juice">Tomato juice</a></li> <li>Tomato pie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_tomato_pie" title="Italian tomato pie">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_tomato_pie" title="Trenton tomato pie">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_tomato_pie" title="Southern tomato pie">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">Tomato sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_soup" title="Tomato soup">Tomato soup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gazpacho" title="Gazpacho">Gazpacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_and_egg_soup" title="Tomato and egg soup">Tomato and egg soup</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capuliato" title="Capuliato">Capuliato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">Ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickapeppa_Sauce" title="Pickapeppa Sauce">Pickapeppa Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (sauce)">Salsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_chutney" title="Tomato chutney">Tomato chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_compote" title="Tomato compote">Tomato compote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_jam" title="Tomato jam">Tomato jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_paste" title="Tomato paste">Tomato paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_seed_oil" title="Tomato seed oil">Tomato seed oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pest and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tomato_diseases" title="List of tomato diseases">diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curly_top" title="Curly top">Curly top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusarium" title="Fusarium">Fusarium wilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_mosaic_virus" title="Tobacco mosaic virus">Tobacco mosaic virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicoverpa_zea" title="Helicoverpa zea">Tomato fruitworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manduca_quinquemaculata" title="Manduca quinquemaculata">Tomato hornworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aculops_lycopersici" title="Aculops lycopersici">Tomato russet mite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_tomato_shortage" title="2010 United States tomato shortage">2010 United States tomato shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Tomato_Growers%27_Association" title="British Tomato Growers' Association">British Tomato Growers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_tomato" title="Genetically modified tomato">Genetically modified tomato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavr_Savr" title="Flavr Savr">Flavr Savr</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Tomatina" title="La Tomatina">La Tomatina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Tomato" title="Museum of Tomato">Museum of Tomato</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nix_v._Hedden" title="Nix v. Hedden">Nix v. Hedden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_knife" title="Tomato knife">Tomato knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_slicer" title="Tomato slicer">Tomato slicer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tomatoes" title="Category:Tomatoes">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Solanum lycopersicum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23501" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q23501">Q23501</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lycopersicum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Solanum lycopersicum">Solanum lycopersicum</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">AoFP: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=384">384</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/120065">120065</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/69274">69274</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id40769">40769</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=438651">438651</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4Y369">4Y369</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/392557">392557</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LYPES">LYPES</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/47173">47173</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Solanum%20lycopersicum">Solanum lycopersicum</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2930137">2930137</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=101442">101442</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/51737">51737</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/316947-2">316947-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11222025">11222025</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=521671">521671</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MichiganFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=2711">2711</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.150996/">2.150996</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4081">4081</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NSWFlora" class="mw-redirect" title="NSWFlora">NSWFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Solanum~lycopersicum">Solanum~lycopersicum</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/b804d3f6-54f6-4531-85da-dfeeed3ecff8">b804d3f6-54f6-4531-85da-dfeeed3ecff8</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Plant_Conservation_Network" title="New Zealand Plant Conservation Network">NZPCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=2775">2775</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/7482/">7482</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=378964">378964</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PFI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=4725">4725</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-29605838">tro-29605838</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/SOLY2">SOLY2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A316947-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316947-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/293619/wd/Details">293619</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/29605838">29605838</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/9380">9380</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/bede19ce-e3ad-48cd-a1bb-69d1348bfdb8">bede19ce-e3ad-48cd-a1bb-69d1348bfdb8</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">WisFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=13328">13328</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0001029216">wfo-0001029216</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15530945" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q15530945">Q15530945</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=3537">3537</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/120287">120287</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/80085">80085</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=315085">315085</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Calflora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=5243">5243</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3WLP6">3WLP6</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=1379">1379</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Lycopersicon_esculentum">Lycopersicon_esculentum</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/185044">185044</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/10900">10900</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200020545">200020545</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200020545">200020545</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2930181">2930181</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=22955">22955</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/146898-2">146898-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10207666">10207666</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/122417">122417</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=30554">30554</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=287196">287196</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000460517">NHMSYS0000460517</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraNT" title="FloraNT">NTFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=5550">5550</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/ad67521d-7c4f-43bf-880c-0a8a063c6f06">ad67521d-7c4f-43bf-880c-0a8a063c6f06</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/152689/">152689</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PalDat: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paldat.org/pub/Lycopersicon_esculentum">Lycopersicon_esculentum</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-29602513">tro-29602513</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A146898-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:146898-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/29602513">29602513</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/21401">21401</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23501#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4060370-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85135924">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="rajče jedlé"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph239944&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007541481705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomato&oldid=1256644638">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomato&oldid=1256644638</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tomatoes" title="Category:Tomatoes">Tomatoes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crops_originating_from_Mexico" title="Category:Crops originating from Mexico">Crops originating from Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crops_originating_from_indigenous_Americans" title="Category:Crops originating from indigenous Americans">Crops originating from indigenous Americans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crops_originating_from_South_America" title="Category:Crops originating from South America">Crops originating from South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fruit_vegetables" title="Category:Fruit vegetables">Fruit vegetables</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fruits_originating_in_North_America" title="Category:Fruits originating in North America">Fruits originating in North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fruits_originating_in_South_America" title="Category:Fruits originating in South America">Fruits originating in South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plants_described_in_1753" title="Category:Plants described in 1753">Plants described in 1753</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solanum" title="Category:Solanum">Solanum</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Catalan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Catalan-language text">Articles containing Catalan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Finnish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Finnish-language text">Articles containing Finnish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2023">Use dmy dates from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Classical_Nahuatl-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Classical Nahuatl-language text">Articles containing Classical Nahuatl-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Nahuatl_languages_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Nahuatl languages IPA">Pages with Nahuatl languages IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_multiple_manual_Wikidata_items" title="Category:Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items">Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_25%E2%80%9329_taxon_IDs" title="Category:Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs">Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_30%E2%80%9334_taxon_IDs" title="Category:Taxonbars with 30–34 taxon IDs">Taxonbars with 30–34 taxon IDs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 22:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomato&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-89558","wgBackendResponseTime":197,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.264","walltime":"2.738","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15820,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":384151,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8309,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":73,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":488319,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":47,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2462.175 1 -total"," 28.09% 691.717 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.75% 412.463 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 10.29% 253.449 53 Template:Cite_web"," 9.61% 236.657 1 Template:Speciesbox"," 9.34% 229.851 1 Template:Taxobox/core"," 7.75% 190.897 7 Template:Clade"," 7.39% 181.977 8 Template:Infobox"," 7.31% 180.054 24 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.82% 143.371 23 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.549","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":28005151,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbadi2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlma1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarceloux2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergougnoux2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeyer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhangal2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBittman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlackwell1737\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrevitz2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrueningLyons2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuendiaWangGirardinLefebvre2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaeraniVoorrips2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCocaliadisFernández-MuñozPonsOrzaez2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoe2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollingham2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEstabrook2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEuropean_Food_Safety_Authority2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzpatrickSalas-GonzálezConwayFinkel2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleming2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankieThorpCovillebarbara2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGentilcore2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHahn,_J.Fetzer,_J.2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHancock2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarraldWatkins2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolligan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobsen,_E.Daniel,_M._K.Bergervoet-van_Deelen,_J._E._M.Huigen,_D._J.1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKavanaughTrumboEllwood2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiple,_Kenneth_F.Ornelas,_Kriemhild_Coneè2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKleeTieman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKolata2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKornei2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeSargentHuber2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinZhuZhangXu2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLópez-Terrada\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCue1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcgee2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichaelsClarkHooverIrish2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMueller\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuñosRancBottonBérard2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarvaez-VasquezOrozco-Cardenas2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParnellSuslowHarris2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeet\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeraltaSpooner2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPfleger,_F._L.Zeyen,_R._J.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowellNguyenHillCheng2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamanujan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaoCorradoBianchiDi_Mauro2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRazifard2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRedenbaughHiatt,_B.Martineau,_B.Kramer,_M.1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussell2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSabine1820\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSatoTabataHirakawaAsamizu2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilvertown2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStallerCarrasco2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevens1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuWangGengDu2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTownsend2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurland2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Zuylen-Wood2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson2024\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"CHN\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 51,\n [\"Clade\"] = 7,\n [\"Commons category multi\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Cookbook-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 7,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"EGY\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"IND\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA-nah\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 8,\n [\"Infobox genome\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 12,\n [\"MEX\"] = 1,\n [\"Main list\"] = 2,\n [\"Nutritionalvalue\"] = 1,\n [\"OEtymD\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Pronunciation\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 10,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 3,\n [\"Speciesbox\"] = 1,\n [\"TUR\"] = 1,\n [\"Taxonbar\"] = 1,\n [\"Tomatoes\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 1,\n [\"USA\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Ussc\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikibooks inline\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikispecies-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary-inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","260","15.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","14.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","200","11.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","180","10.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","100","6.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","6.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","3.6"],["type","60","3.6"],["init \u003Cstrict.lua\u003E","40","2.4"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","40","2.4"],["[others]","400","23.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-h2npf","timestamp":"20241123133629","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tomato","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q23501","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q23501","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-03T16:09:44Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T22:30:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/89\/Tomato_je.jpg","headline":"type of plant species with edible, often red, berry fruit"}</script> </body> </html>