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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Cabinet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Judicial appointments </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Judicial_appointments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Judicial appointments subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Judicial_appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States_Supreme_Court_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Supreme_Court_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 United States Supreme Court nominations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Supreme_Court_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Domestic affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Domestic_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Domestic affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Domestic_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Health care </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opioid_epidemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opioid_epidemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Opioid epidemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opioid_epidemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancer_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancer_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Cancer research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancer_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Build_Back_Better_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Build_Back_Better_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Build Back Better Plan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Build_Back_Better_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumer_price_reductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumer_price_reductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Consumer price reductions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumer_price_reductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2.1 American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Families_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Families_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2.2 American Families Plan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Families_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Labor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Banking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5 Domestic manufacturing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.6 Trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.7 Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inflation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inflation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.8 Inflation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inflation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.9 Taxation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy,_environment,_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy,_environment,_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Energy, environment, and climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy,_environment,_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil,_gas_extraction_and_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil,_gas_extraction_and_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Oil, gas extraction and transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil,_gas_extraction_and_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 Environmental science </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewable_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewable_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.4 Renewable energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewable_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.5 Nature conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_and_ethical_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_and_ethical_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Electoral and ethical reform </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_and_ethical_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Housing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2024_bipartisan_border_bill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_bipartisan_border_bill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6.1 2024 bipartisan border bill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_bipartisan_border_bill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Separation_of_church_and_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Separation_of_church_and_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Separation of church and state </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Separation_of_church_and_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Social issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8.1 LGBT rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abortion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8.2 Abortion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abortion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_justice_and_crime_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_justice_and_crime_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8.3 Criminal justice and crime rates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_justice_and_crime_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gun_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gun_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8.4 Gun control </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gun_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 Space policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.10 Supreme Court </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Foreign affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreign affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Defense </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Taiwan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Cuba </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian_genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Armenian genocide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americans_detained_abroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americans_detained_abroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Americans detained abroad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americans_detained_abroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quad_and_the_Indo-Pacific_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quad_and_the_Indo-Pacific_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Quad and the Indo-Pacific region </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quad_and_the_Indo-Pacific_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.10 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.11 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.12 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.13 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myanmar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myanmar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.14 Myanmar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myanmar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.15 Northern Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia_and_Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia_and_Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.16 Saudi Arabia and Yemen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia_and_Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.17 United Arab Emirates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.18 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israel–Hamas_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel–Hamas_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.18.1 Israel–Hamas War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel–Hamas_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.19 Palestine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worldwide_LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide_LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.20 Worldwide LGBT rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worldwide_LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigations_of_Biden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigations_of_Biden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Investigations of Biden </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigations_of_Biden-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Investigations of Biden subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Investigations_of_Biden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hur_special_counsel_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hur_special_counsel_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Hur special counsel investigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hur_special_counsel_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congressional_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congressional_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Congressional investigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congressional_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections_during_the_Biden_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections_during_the_Biden_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Elections during the Biden presidency </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elections_during_the_Biden_presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Elections during the Biden presidency subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Elections_during_the_Biden_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2022_midterm_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_midterm_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 2022 midterm elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_midterm_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 2024 elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_Biden_campaign_and_withdrawal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_Biden_campaign_and_withdrawal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.1 Initial Biden campaign and withdrawal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_Biden_campaign_and_withdrawal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election_and_transition_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election_and_transition_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.2 General election and transition period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_election_and_transition_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approval_ratings_and_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approval_ratings_and_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Approval ratings and image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approval_ratings_and_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Media appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External link </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Presidency of Joe Biden</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Baydenin prezidentliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Προεδρία του Τζο Μπάιντεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προεδρία του Τζο Μπάιντεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidencia_de_Joe_Biden" title="Presidencia de Joe Biden – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidencia de Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ریاست‌جمهوری جو بایدن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریاست‌جمهوری جو بایدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Joe_Biden" title="Présidence de Joe Biden – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Présidence de Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%A0_%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80" title="조 바이든 행정부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조 바이든 행정부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidenza_di_Joe_Biden" title="Presidenza di Joe Biden – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidenza di Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentschap_van_Joe_Biden" title="Presidentschap van Joe Biden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Presidentschap van Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E6%94%BF%E6%A8%A9" title="バイデン政権 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バイデン政権" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%89%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="د جو بایډن ولسمشري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د جو بایډن ولسمشري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presid%C3%AAncia_de_Joe_Biden" title="Presidência de Joe Biden – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Presidência de Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Президентство Джо Байдена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президентство Джо Байдена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Presidency of Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Bidens_presidentskap" title="Joe Bidens presidentskap – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Joe Bidens presidentskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Президентство Джо Байдена – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президентство Джо Байдена" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87m_k%E1%BB%B3_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng_c%E1%BB%A7a_Joe_Biden" title="Nhiệm kỳ tổng thống của Joe Biden – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệm kỳ tổng thống của Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. presidential administration since 2021</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the administration in which he served as vice president under Barack Obama, see <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency of Barack Obama</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Very_long plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-very_long" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">too long</a> to read and navigate comfortably. Consider <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">splitting</a> content into sub-articles, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">condensing</a> it, or adding <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections" title="Help:Section">subheadings</a>. Please discuss this issue on the article's <a href="/wiki/Talk:Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Talk:Presidency of Joe Biden">talk page</a>. (November 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="padding-bottom:2px; padding-top:2px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:0; padding-bottom:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden"><img alt="Joe Biden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:2px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Presidency of Joe Biden January 20, 2021 – present</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Election</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:1px;"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (1st)</div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2nd) →</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <hr class="nomobile" style="background:#eee; height:5px; clear:both; margin:0 0 8px;" /> <div class="center"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:6px 0 2px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div> <div style="line-height:normal; min-height:1px; padding-bottom:;"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Seal of the president of the United States">Seal of the President</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="margin-top:7px; padding-top:0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joebiden.com">Official website</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color: #002466;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="1988" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color: #002466;color: #FFF;"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="Early life and career of Joe Biden">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Joe_Biden" title="List of things named after Joe Biden">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Joe_Biden" title="Family of Joe Biden">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of awards and honors received by Joe Biden">Honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Joe_Biden" title="Public image of Joe Biden">Public image</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Age and health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Joe_Biden" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden">SNL parodies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Joe_Biden" title="Bibliography of Joe Biden">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">U.S. Senator from Delaware</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="US Senate career of Joe Biden">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Judiciary Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination">Bork hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination">Thomas hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">1994 Crime Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_Against_Women_Act" title="Violence Against Women Act">Violence Against Women Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Foreign Relations Committee">Foreign Relations Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Joe_Biden" title="Electoral history of Joe Biden">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1978 United States Senate election in Delaware">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1984 United States Senate election in Delaware">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1990 United States Senate election in Delaware">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1996 United States Senate election in Delaware">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2002 United States Senate election in Delaware">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2008 United States Senate election in Delaware">2008</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">47th Vice President of the United States</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama#Biden_Senate_transition" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">first inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">second inauguration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009#Oversight_and_administration" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">Great Recession response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Tax_Relief_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Tax Relief Act">2010 Tax Relief Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_Control_Act_of_2011#Legislative_history" title="Budget Control Act of 2011">2011 debt-ceiling crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Taxpayer_Relief_Act_of_2012#Legislative_history" title="American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012">fiscal cliff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li>Task forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Violence_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun Violence Task Force">Gun Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Task_Force_to_Protect_Students_from_Sexual_Assault" title="White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault">Protect Students from Sexual Assault</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Vice presidential campaigns</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">46th President of the United States Incumbent</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Joe_Biden" title="Efforts to impeach Joe Biden">Efforts to impeach</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">inquiry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Tenure</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of executive actions by Joe Biden">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of proclamations by Joe Biden">proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden">Trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden">foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2021)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2021)">'21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2022)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022)">'22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2023)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2023)">'23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2024%E2%80%9325)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2024–25)">'24–'25</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">Geneva summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">Classified documents incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis" title="2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis">2023 debt-ceiling crisis</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">Policies</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 policy of the Joe Biden administration">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">WH Response Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">IIJA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">IRA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_and_ethics_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Electoral and ethics policy of the Joe Biden administration">Electoral/ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Japanese%E2%80%93Korean_trilateral_pact" title="American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact">Camp David Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_Economic_Framework" title="Indo-Pacific Economic Framework">IPEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">War in Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis#Biden_administration" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Social policy of the Joe Biden administration">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Joe Biden administration">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">marriage</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of political appointments by Joe Biden">Appointments</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Federal judges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Executive_Office_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Executive Office appointments by Joe Biden">Executive Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Joe Biden">U.S. attorneys</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden presidential campaign">Presidential campaigns</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_sexual_assault_allegation" title="Joe Biden sexual assault allegation">sexual assault allegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Ukraine conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP selection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates#June_27:_First_presidential_debate_(CNN,_Atlanta)" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden's signature"><img alt="Joe Biden's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg/150px-Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg/225px-Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg/300px-Joe_Biden_Presidential_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1982" data-file-height="1397" /></a></div> <img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joe_Biden_series" title="Template:Joe Biden series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joe_Biden_series" title="Template talk:Joe Biden series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joe_Biden_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joe Biden series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>'s tenure as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">46th president of the United States</a> began with <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">his inauguration</a> on January 20, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Biden, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> who previously served as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a> for two terms under President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> from 2009 to 2017, took office after his victory in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a> over the incumbent president, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>. Upon his inauguration, he became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age" title="List of presidents of the United States by age">oldest president in American history</a>, breaking the record set by <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Biden entered office amid the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">economic crisis</a>, and increased <a href="/wiki/Political_polarization_in_the_United_States" title="Political polarization in the United States">political polarization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> He <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrew</a> his bid for a second term in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a> due to low popularity and <a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">concerns over his age and health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> He is to be succeeded by Trump in January 2025, who won the aforementioned election. Day one actions of his presidency included restoring U.S. participation in the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>, revoking the permit for the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone XL">Keystone XL</a> pipeline and halting funding for <a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">Trump's border wall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Everett-2022-6">[6]</a> On his second day, he issued a series of executive orders to reduce the impact of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, including invoking the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act of 1950</a>, and set an early goal of achieving one hundred million <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccinations</a> in the United States in his first 100 days.<a href="#cite_note-Klein-2021-7">[7]</a> The first major legislation signed into law by Biden was the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a>, a $1.9 trillion <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)" title="Stimulus (economics)">stimulus bill</a> that temporarily established expanded unemployment insurance and sent $1,400 stimulus checks to most Americans in response to continued economic pressure from COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He signed the bipartisan <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a>, a ten-year plan brokered by Biden alongside Democrats and Republicans in Congress to invest in American roads, bridges, public transit, ports and broadband access.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Biden proposed a significant expansion of the U.S. social safety net through the <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a>, but those efforts, along with <a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_Vote_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom to Vote Act">voting rights legislation</a>, failed in Congress. In August 2022, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a>, a domestic appropriations bill that included some of the provisions of the Build Back Better Act after the entire bill failed to pass. It included significant federal investment in climate and domestic clean energy production, tax credits for solar panels, electric cars and other home energy programs as well as a three-year extension of <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> subsidies, an <a href="/wiki/Insulin_(medication)" title="Insulin (medication)">insulin</a> price cap, and a provision allowing <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> to negotiate drug prices. In late 2022, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a>, which repealed the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a> and codified <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage" title="Interracial marriage">interracial</a> marriage in the United States. Other domestic legislation signed during his term included the <a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a>, the first major federal gun control law in nearly three decades;<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> the <a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a>, bolstering the <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> and manufacturing industry; the <a href="/wiki/Honoring_our_PACT_Act_of_2022" title="Honoring our PACT Act of 2022">Honoring our PACT Act</a>, expanding health care for US veterans; the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022" title="Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth National Independence Day Act</a>, making Juneteenth a <a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">federal holiday in the United States</a>. He appointed <a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>—the first <a href="/wiki/Black_women" title="Black women">Black woman</a> to serve on the court. In response to the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis" title="2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis">debt-ceiling crisis of 2023</a>, Biden negotiated and signed the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</a>, which restrains federal spending for fiscal years 2024 and 2025, implements minor changes to <a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program" title="Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program">SNAP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Assistance_for_Needy_Families" title="Temporary Assistance for Needy Families">TANF</a>, includes energy permitting reform, claws back some <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">IRS</a> funding and unspent money for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19</a>, and suspends the <a href="/wiki/United_States_debt_ceiling" title="United States debt ceiling">debt ceiling</a> to January 1, 2025.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> He established the <a href="/wiki/American_Climate_Corps" title="American Climate Corps">American Climate Corps</a> and created the first ever <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Gun_Violence_Prevention" title="White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention">White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention</a>. On September 26, 2023, Biden visited a <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> picket line during the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike" title="2023 United Auto Workers strike">2023 United Auto Workers strike</a>, making him the first US president to visit one. Biden also rigorously enforced antitrust laws by appointing <a href="/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan">Lina Khan</a> to head the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">FTC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Khan-12">[12]</a> The foreign policy goal of the Biden administration is to restore the US to a "position of trusted leadership" among global <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracies</a> in order to address the challenges posed by <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Biden signed <a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a>, an international security alliance together with <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. He supported the expansion of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> with the additions of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. Biden approved a raid which led to the death of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>, and approved a drone strike which <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">killed Ayman Al Zawahiri</a>, leader of Al-Qaeda. He completed the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Afghanistan</a>, declaring an end to <a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">nation-building</a> efforts and shifting U.S. foreign policy toward strategic competition with China and, to a lesser extent, Russia.<a href="#cite_note-ShearTankersley-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> However, during the withdrawal, the <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">Afghan government collapsed and the Taliban seized control</a>, leading to Biden receiving bipartisan criticism. He responded to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> by imposing <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">sanctions on Russia</a> as well as providing Ukraine with over $100 billion in <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">combined military, economic, and humanitarian aid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>, Biden condemned the actions of <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and other Palestinian militants as terrorism and announced <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">American military support</a> for <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>; he also sent humanitarian aid to the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and brokered a <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_ceasefire" title="2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire">four-day temporary pause and hostage exchange</a>. Biden negotiated and oversaw the <a href="/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange" title="2024 Ankara prisoner exchange">2024 Ankara prisoner exchange</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_exchange" title="Prisoner exchange">prisoner exchange</a> since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, involving the release of twenty-six individuals, including <a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">American journalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Evan_Gershkovich" title="Evan Gershkovich">Evan Gershkovich</a> and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whelan_(security_director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Whelan (security director)">Paul Whelan</a>. Biden began his term with over 50% approval ratings; however, these fell significantly after the withdrawal from Afghanistan,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> and remained low as the country experienced high inflation and rising gas prices, even as they would eventually reduce over his presidency.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> His age and mental fitness remained a frequent subject of discussion throughout his presidency, ultimately culminating in his late decision to not seek re-election.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Despite this, Biden oversaw the strongest economic recovery of any <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7 nation</a> post COVID-19 and one of the strongest economic recoveries in United States history, breaking a 70-year record for low unemployment,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and the creation of over 16 million new jobs, the most of any single term president.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020_election">2020 election</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_elections" title="2020 United States elections">2020 United States elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 Democratic National Convention</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ElectoralCollege2020.svg/330px-ElectoralCollege2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ElectoralCollege2020.svg/495px-ElectoralCollege2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ElectoralCollege2020.svg/660px-ElectoralCollege2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>2020 Electoral College vote results</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> officially announced <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">his candidacy</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">nomination</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a> on April 25, 2019, having previously sought the Democratic nomination in <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a>, being unsuccessful both times.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In June 2020, Biden clinched the nomination by winning a majority of the delegates to become the <a href="/wiki/Presumptive_nominee" class="mw-redirect" title="Presumptive nominee">presumptive nominee</a> for the Democratic Party following the party's presidential primaries. Biden <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selected</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> of California as his <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a>, and they were officially nominated as the Democratic ticket at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 Democratic National Convention</a>. Incumbent president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">ran for re-election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican nomination</a>, becoming the party's presumptive nominee in March 2020 after comfortably winning the primaries without facing any significant rivals. At the <a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> in August 2020, he formally accepted the party's nomination with incumbent vice president <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> as his running mate. On November 7, four days after the election, Biden was projected to have won <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> (a flip from the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">previous presidential election</a>), thereby receiving enough <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">electoral votes</a> to secure the presidency, becoming the <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">president-elect of the United States</a>. Biden won the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">presidential election</a> with 306 electoral votes compared to Trump's 232.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Epstein-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Budryk-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levin-2020-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Young-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">Trump campaign</a> launched at least <a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election">63 lawsuits against the results</a>,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> especially in the battleground states of <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="2020 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="2020 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="2020 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="2020 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="2020 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, raising unevidenced claims of widespread voter fraud that were subsequently dismissed by courts.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">electoral votes were certified</a> on January 6–7, 2021. In the concurrent <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_elections" title="2020 United States elections">congressional elections</a>, Democrats retained a narrow majority in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and narrowly took control of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>, leaving the partisan balance in the Senate at fifty Democrats and fifty Republicans, with vice president Kamala Harris' tie-breaking vote giving Democrats control of the chamber. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transition_period,_inauguration,_and_first_100_days">Transition period, inauguration, and first 100 days</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Presidential transition of Joe Biden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration of Joe Biden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Joe Biden presidency">First 100 days of the Joe Biden presidency</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_photo_posted_to_POTUS_Biden_Administration_IG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/First_photo_posted_to_POTUS_Biden_Administration_IG.jpg/220px-First_photo_posted_to_POTUS_Biden_Administration_IG.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/First_photo_posted_to_POTUS_Biden_Administration_IG.jpg/330px-First_photo_posted_to_POTUS_Biden_Administration_IG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/First_photo_posted_to_POTUS_Biden_Administration_IG.jpg/440px-First_photo_posted_to_POTUS_Biden_Administration_IG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Biden as President-elect</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:210120-Z-NI803-1735_(50885517087).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/210120-Z-NI803-1735_%2850885517087%29.jpg/220px-210120-Z-NI803-1735_%2850885517087%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/210120-Z-NI803-1735_%2850885517087%29.jpg/330px-210120-Z-NI803-1735_%2850885517087%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/210120-Z-NI803-1735_%2850885517087%29.jpg/440px-210120-Z-NI803-1735_%2850885517087%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5910" data-file-height="3940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Guard">U.S. National Guard</a> soldiers at the Capitol, January 20, 2021</figcaption></figure> Though Biden was generally acknowledged as the winner,<a href="#cite_note-Epstein-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Budryk-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levin-2020-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Young-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> head <a href="/wiki/Emily_W._Murphy" title="Emily W. Murphy">Emily W. Murphy</a> initially refused to begin the transition to the president-elect, thereby denying funds and office space to his team.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> On November 23, after Michigan certified its results, Murphy issued the letter of ascertainment, granting the Biden transition team access to federal funds and resources for an orderly transition.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Two days after becoming the projected winner of the 2020 election, Biden announced the formation of a task force to advise him on the COVID-19 pandemic during the transition, co-chaired by former <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">Surgeon General</a> <a href="/wiki/Vivek_Murthy" title="Vivek Murthy">Vivek Murthy</a>, former FDA commissioner <a href="/wiki/David_A._Kessler" title="David A. Kessler">David A. Kessler</a>, and Yale University's <a href="/wiki/Marcella_Nunez-Smith" title="Marcella Nunez-Smith">Marcella Nunez-Smith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> On January 5, 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> won control of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>, effective January 20, as a result of electoral victories in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Jon Ossoff</a> in a <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia">runoff election for a six-year term</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Raphael Warnock</a> in a <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Georgia" title="2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia">special runoff election for a two-year term</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> President-elect Biden had supported and campaigned for both candidates prior to the <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff elections</a> on January 5.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> On January 6, a mob of thousands of Trump supporters <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">violently stormed the Capitol</a> in the hope of overturning Biden's election, forcing Congress to evacuate during the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">counting of the Electoral College votes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> More than 26,000 National Guard members were deployed to the capital for the inauguration, with thousands remaining into the spring.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biden_oath_of_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Biden_oath_of_office.jpg/220px-Biden_oath_of_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Biden_oath_of_office.jpg/330px-Biden_oath_of_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Biden_oath_of_office.jpg/440px-Biden_oath_of_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2452" data-file-height="1972" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> administers the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Oath of office of the President of the United States">presidential oath of office</a> to Biden at <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">the Capitol</a>, January 20, 2021.</figcaption></figure> On January 20, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Biden was sworn in</a> by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Chief Justice">U.S. Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> as the 46th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>, completing the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Oath of office of the president of the United States">oath of office</a> at 11:49 am EST, eleven minutes before the legal start of his term.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inaugural_address">Inaugural address</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Joe_Biden%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Joe Biden's Inaugural Address">Joe Biden's Inaugural Address</a></div></div></div> </div> Biden's inaugural speech laid out his vision to unite the nation, prefaced by the various impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">economic strife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_polarization" title="Political polarization">political polarization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">racial injustice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Biden called for an end to the "uncivil war" of political, demographic, and ideological American cultures through a greater embrace of diversity.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-2021-47">[47]</a> He cited the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">world wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> as moments in American history where citizens' "better angels" prevailed, saying that the unity, the solution, must again be invoked to rise from the "cascading" crises of the present; this unity, he proclaimed, exists in the "common objects" that define America: "opportunity, liberty, dignity, respect, honor, and ... truth."<a href="#cite_note-Thrush-2021-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPR-2021-49">[49]</a> He explicitly decried <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">nativism</a>, calling them an "ugly reality" of American life he vows to defeat that clouds the "American ideal" set out in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">U.S. Declaration of Independence</a> — that <a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">all Americans are equal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-2021-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPR-2021-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Biden pledged that the U.S. would "engage with the world once again", "repair our alliances", and act as a "trusted partner for peace and security".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Near the conclusion of his speech, Biden held a moment of silence for those who died in the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-Thrush-2021-48">[48]</a> Quoting the <a href="/wiki/Gene_Scheer" title="Gene Scheer">Gene Scheer</a> composition "American Anthem",<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> he implored Americans to consider their legacy in answering the "call of history" to protect "democracy, hope, truth, and justice", "secure liberty", and make America a "beacon to the world", insisting that generations of their descendants would judge them on their actions.<a href="#cite_note-Thrush-2021-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2></div> <table class="infobox" style="width:auto;text-align:left;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:1em; margin-right:0; float:right; clear:right;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/220px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/330px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/440px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1835" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:110%;background:#DCDCDC;text-align:center">The Biden cabinet</th></tr><tr><th>Office</th><th>Name</th><th>Term</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#000"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Marty_Walsh" title="Marty Walsh">Marty Walsh</a></th><td>2021–2023</td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a> (acting)</th><td>2023–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a></th><td>2021–2024</td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Adrianne_Todman" title="Adrianne Todman">Adrianne Todman</a> (acting)</th><td>2024–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Regan" title="Michael S. Regan">Michael S. Regan</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Shalanda Young</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">William J. Burns</a>*</th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">United States Trade Representative</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Rouse" title="Cecilia Rouse">Cecilia Rouse</a></th><td>2021–2023</td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Bernstein" title="Jared Bernstein">Jared Bernstein</a></th><td>2023–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Isabel Guzman</a></th><td>2021–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a></th><td>2021–2022</td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a></th><td>2022–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">Chief of Staff</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a></th><td>2021–2023</td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a></th><td>2023–present</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:#D1D1D1 2px solid">*Elevated to cabinet-level in July 2023</td></tr></tbody></table> Biden was inaugurated alongside <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>, the first woman, first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>, and first <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian American</a> vice president.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On November 11, 2020, Biden selected <a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a>, who served as his vice presidential chief of staff, to serve as his <a href="/wiki/White_House_chief_of_staff" class="mw-redirect" title="White House chief of staff">White House chief of staff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Biden chose <a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a>, deputy <a href="/wiki/White_House_press_secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="White House press secretary">White House press secretary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spokesperson_for_the_United_States_Department_of_State" title="Spokesperson for the United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State spokesperson</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">presidency of Barack Obama</a>, as his White House press secretary. Psaki announced, and has held, daily press briefings for White House reporters. On March 25, 2021, Biden held his first solo press conference after 64 days in office,<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> unlike his most recent predecessors (back to <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> in 1929), who all held their first solo press conferences within 33 days of taking office.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> On November 17, 2020, Biden announced that he had selected <a href="/wiki/Mike_Donilon" title="Mike Donilon">Mike Donilon</a> as senior advisor and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ricchetti" title="Steve Ricchetti">Steve Ricchetti</a> as counselor.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jen_O%27Malley_Dillon" title="Jen O'Malley Dillon">Jen O'Malley Dillon</a>, who had served as campaign manager for Biden's successful presidential campaign, was named as deputy chief of staff.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cabinet">Cabinet</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet of Joe Biden</a></div> Biden selected <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> to be secretary of state, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a> as ambassador to the United Nations, and <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> as national security advisor.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On November 23, 2020, Biden announced Alejandro Mayorkas to be his choice for <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a> as <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Throughout December and January, Biden continued to select cabinet members, including <a href="/wiki/Marty_Walsh" title="Marty Walsh">Marty Walsh</a>, the then current mayor of Boston, as his <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Biden altered his cabinet structure, elevating the chair of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a>, director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">ambassador to the United Nations</a> as cabinet-level positions.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Biden removed the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a> from his official cabinet at the onset of his presidency, but he restored it to the cabinet in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> While administering the oath of office to hundreds of White House officials through <a href="/wiki/Video_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Video conferencing">video conferencing</a>, Biden called for more <a href="/wiki/Civility" title="Civility">civility</a> in politics, saying: "If you ever work with me and I hear you treat another colleague with disrespect, talk down to someone, I promise you I will fire you on the spot. ... No ifs, ands, or buts."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_appointments">Judicial appointments</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates">Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden</a></div> As of November 21, 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Joe_Biden&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> has confirmed 221 Article III judges nominated by Biden: one <a href="/wiki/Associate_justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a>, 45 judges for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">United States courts of appeals</a>, 173 judges for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="United States district courts">United States district courts</a> and two judges for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" title="United States Court of International Trade">United States Court of International Trade</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Supreme_Court_nominations">United States Supreme Court nominations</h3></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20220225AS-0947_(51988875271).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/P20220225AS-0947_%2851988875271%29.jpg/250px-P20220225AS-0947_%2851988875271%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/P20220225AS-0947_%2851988875271%29.jpg/375px-P20220225AS-0947_%2851988875271%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/P20220225AS-0947_%2851988875271%29.jpg/500px-P20220225AS-0947_%2851988875271%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6483" data-file-height="4322" /></a><figcaption>Judge <a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a> with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in 2022</figcaption></figure> On January 26, 2022, it was reported that Justice <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a> planned to step down at the end of the court's current term, giving Biden his first opportunity to name a justice to the court.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On January 27, Biden reiterated his intention to keep his campaign promise to nominate a <a href="/wiki/Black_women" title="Black women">Black woman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates_Campaign_promise-72">[72]</a> On February 22, it was reported that Biden had met with his top three contenders, <a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Michelle_Childs" title="J. Michelle Childs">J. Michelle Childs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leondra_Kruger" title="Leondra Kruger">Leondra Kruger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On February 25, it was announced that Biden would nominate Judge Jackson.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates_Rogers-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> On April 7, 2022, Jackson was confirmed by a vote of 53–47.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> She was then sworn in on June 30, 2022, at noon, when Breyer's retirement went into effect.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_affairs">Domestic affairs</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_speaking_at_the_joint_session_of_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/President_Joe_Biden_speaking_at_the_joint_session_of_Congress.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_speaking_at_the_joint_session_of_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/President_Joe_Biden_speaking_at_the_joint_session_of_Congress.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_speaking_at_the_joint_session_of_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/President_Joe_Biden_speaking_at_the_joint_session_of_Congress.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_speaking_at_the_joint_session_of_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>President Biden addresses a joint session of Congress, with Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> and House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>, April 28, 2021.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3></div> Biden strongly campaigned for the presidency on the <a href="/wiki/Public_option" class="mw-redirect" title="Public option">public option</a>, a policy that, if enacted into law, would have offered Americans a choice between maintaining their private healthcare insurance or buying into Medicare. The idea was viewed as a compromise between the progressive and moderate flanks of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. The Biden campaign described the public option as a "plan to protect and build on <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">ObamaCare</a>".<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> However, shortly before taking office in January 2021, Biden's team abruptly dropped the proposal, frustrating many online progressives who already viewed the public option healthcare proposal as a failure to fight the status quo.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The Biden administration rescinded work requirements for <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a> recipients.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The administration opened a special enrollment period for the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> as well as extending the normal enrollment period, citing the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The administration provided larger premium subsidies.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In August 2022, President Biden signed into law the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a>. The law allocates $64 billion<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> for a three-year expansion of Affordable Care Act subsidies originally expanded under the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a> and $265 billion[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] for prescription drug price reform to lower prices, including providing Medicare the authority to negotiate the prices for certain drugs with pharmaceutical companies.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> That same month, Biden signed into law the <a href="/wiki/Honoring_our_PACT_Act_of_2022" title="Honoring our PACT Act of 2022">Honoring our PACT Act of 2022</a>, which expands federal health care access, services, and funding for veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during their service, including toxic smoke from <a href="/wiki/Burn_pit" title="Burn pit">burn pits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opioid_epidemic">Opioid epidemic</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic in the United States</a></div> Drug overdoses killed 106,699 in the United States in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Opioids were involved in 80,411 <a href="/wiki/Opioid_overdose" title="Opioid overdose">overdose deaths</a> in 2021, up from around 10,000 in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In June 2023, U.S. federal prosecutors announced criminal indictments of <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> precursor producers in China.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In October 2023, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control" title="Office of Foreign Assets Control">OFAC</a> sanctioned a China-based network of fentanyl manufacturers and distributors.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In 2023, the Biden administration announced a crackdown on <a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_cartels" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican drug cartels">Mexican drug cartels</a> smuggling fentanyl into the United States.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gupta" title="Rahul Gupta">Rahul Gupta</a> led White House efforts to combat the <a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic" title="Opioid epidemic">opioid epidemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19_pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 policy of the Joe Biden administration">COVID-19 policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_visits_Kalamazoo,_Michigan_(03).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/President_Joe_Biden_visits_Kalamazoo%2C_Michigan_%2803%29.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_visits_Kalamazoo%2C_Michigan_%2803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/President_Joe_Biden_visits_Kalamazoo%2C_Michigan_%2803%29.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_visits_Kalamazoo%2C_Michigan_%2803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/President_Joe_Biden_visits_Kalamazoo%2C_Michigan_%2803%29.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_visits_Kalamazoo%2C_Michigan_%2803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>President Biden touring a vaccine manufacturing plant</figcaption></figure> On January 20, 2021, his first day as president, Biden implemented a <a href="/wiki/100_Days_Masking_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="100 Days Masking Challenge">federal mask mandate</a>, requiring the use of masks and social distancing in all federal buildings, on federal lands, and by federal employees and contractors.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bradner-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-Everett-2022-6">[6]</a> Biden also signed an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> that reversed the withdrawal of the U.S. from the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), making Dr. <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> the head of the delegation to the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-Bradner-101">[101]</a> On January 21, the administration released a 200-page document titled "National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness".<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> That same day, Biden invoked the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act</a> to speed up the vaccination process and ensure the availability of glass vials, syringes, and other vaccine supplies at the federal level.<a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-2021-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In justifying his use of the act, Biden said: "And when I say wartime, people kind of look at me like 'wartime?' Well, as I said last night, 400,000 Americans have died. That's more than have died in all of World War II. 400,000. This is a wartime undertaking."<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Biden established the <a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a>, a <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office" title="White House Office">White House Office</a> dedicated to coordinating a unified federal government response.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> According to a report by <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, in mid-2021 the Biden administration ended a military-run <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_United_States" title="Propaganda in the United States">propaganda</a> campaign to spread disinformation about the <a href="/wiki/Sinovac_Biotech" title="Sinovac Biotech">Sinovac</a> Chinese COVID-19 vaccine which had begun in 2020 during the Trump administration.<a href="#cite_note-Bing-2024-108">[108]</a> The campaign was described as "payback" for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">COVID-19 disinformation by China</a> directed against the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Primarily targeting people in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Philippines–United States relations">Philippines</a>, the campaign used fake social media accounts to spread disinformation, including that the Sinovac vaccine contained pork-derived ingredients and was therefore <a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">haram</a> under <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bing-2024-108">[108]</a> On January 21, 2021, Biden signed ten executive orders pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In order to meet his vaccination goal of a hundred million shots in his first 100 days in office, Biden signed an executive order increasing needed supplies.<a href="#cite_note-Klein-2021-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Biden signed an order on January 21 that directed <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">FEMA</a> to offer full reimbursements to states for the cost of using their own National Guard personnel and emergency supplies such as <a href="/wiki/Personal_Protective_Equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Protective Equipment">Personal Protective Equipment</a> in schools.<a href="#cite_note-Klein-2021-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> On January 24, 2021, Biden reinstated a travel ban imposed by President Trump on <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and 26 other European countries.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The travel ban prevents non-U.S. citizens living in the prospective countries from entering the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Biden implemented a face mask requirement on nearly all forms of public transportation and inside of transportation hubs; previously, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) had recommended that such a policy be enacted but it was blocked by the Trump administration, under which the CDC issued strong, albeit non-binding recommendations for mask use in these settings.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In mid-March 2021, Biden dismissed a request by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> to export unused COVID-19 vaccines from <a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a> out of the U.S. even though the manufacturer endorsed it and vowed to resupply the doses. The rationale for this decision, which contributed to low European vaccination rates, was that the U.S. had to be "over-supplied and over-prepared", according to White House press secretary <a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Whereas the U.S. exported no vaccines, the European Union exported 77 million doses to the world from December 2020 to March 2021.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Eventually, the U.S. reversed course and gave vaccine doses from AstraZeneca to Mexico, Canada, and Japan by the end of March.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> On May 6, 2021, the Biden administration announced that it supports waiving patent protections on existing COVID-19 vaccines so that other countries can produce generic variants, after weeks of pressure from the international community.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> On 7 May, French president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> called on the U.S. "to put an end to export bans not only on vaccines but on vaccine ingredients, which prevent production."<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> On May 26, 2021, Biden ordered <a href="/wiki/U.S._intelligence_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. intelligence agencies">U.S. intelligence agencies</a> to increase their <a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigations into the origin of the virus</a>, after reports that researchers at the <a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">Wuhan Institute of Virology</a> became ill a month before the pandemic began.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In July 2021, amid a slowing of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">the COVID-19 vaccination rate in the country</a> and the spread of the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant</a>, Biden said that the U.S. has "a pandemic for those who haven't gotten the vaccination" and that it was therefore "gigantically important" for Americans to be vaccinated, touting the vaccines' effectiveness against hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> He also criticized the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> on social media, saying it was "killing people".<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Despite months of vaccine availability and incentives, by September many Americans continued to <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">resist vaccination</a> amid rising cases in several states, hampering prospects towards <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a>. On September 9, Biden stated, "We've been patient. But our patience is wearing thin, and your refusal has cost all of us." That day he issued an executive order directing businesses with more than 100 employees to require vaccination of their workers or weekly testing, affecting about 80 million Americans. The order also required the roughly 17 million employees of health facilities receiving federal Medicare or Medicaid to be vaccinated.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Many Republicans asserted Biden's order was an unconstitutional overreach of federal authority, and some Republican governors said they would sue to block it.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The Biden administration responded to the global spread of the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant</a> in December 2021 by advocating response by the states instead of the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Throughout the surge, the Biden administration has been criticized for a lack of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_tests" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 tests">COVID-19 tests</a>, exacerbating the spread of the Omicron variant. When questioned about the apparent shortage of tests, <a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a> replied, "Should we just send one to every American? Then what happens if every American has one test? How much does that cost and what happens after that?",<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> causing backlash.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The Biden administration responded by promising an increased supply of at-home tests later in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In the midst of an all-time high of new COVID-19 cases,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a> revised their guidelines, recommending five days of quarantine rather than ten without requiring a negative COVID-19 test.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> This move was criticized by health experts who worry that without <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test" title="COVID-19 rapid antigen test">rapid testing</a>, COVID-positive people may unknowingly spread COVID-19 in workplaces under the recommended CDC guidelines. Others criticize the CDC for implementing this change after lobbying by <a href="/wiki/Delta_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta Airlines">Delta Airlines</a>, leading to social media backlash against the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cancer_research">Cancer research</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20220202AS-1791_(51918629370).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/P20220202AS-1791_%2851918629370%29.jpg/220px-P20220202AS-1791_%2851918629370%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/P20220202AS-1791_%2851918629370%29.jpg/330px-P20220202AS-1791_%2851918629370%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/P20220202AS-1791_%2851918629370%29.jpg/440px-P20220202AS-1791_%2851918629370%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>President Biden announces the revival of the <a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden_Cancer_Moonshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot">Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot</a>, February 2, 2022.</figcaption></figure> Biden gave a speech at the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a> on September 12, 2022, the 60th anniversary of Kennedy's <a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We Choose to Go to the Moon</a> speech, promoting his administration's revival of the <a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden_Cancer_Moonshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot">Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot</a>, including the new <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency_for_Health" title="Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health">Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a> praised Biden's economic record in July 2024, highlighting record low unemployment leading to a growth in wages at the lower end of the wage distribution as workers had more bargaining power. While inflation was painful, it has returned near its pre-pandemic rate and was similar to peer countries, though the U.S. has grown faster than its peers.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-2024-136">[136]</a> The expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Child_tax_credit_(United_States)" title="Child tax credit (United States)">child tax credit</a>, $1400 <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)" title="Stimulus (economics)">stimulus</a> checks, and the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program" title="Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program">SNAP</a> benefits also boosted balance sheets for low and middle-income Americans.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-2024-136">[136]</a> New business formation rose 30% from pre-pandemic levels, and was notably strong among women.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-2024-136">[136]</a> Biden also signed three major pieces of longer-term economic legislation to repair infrastructure like roads, bridges and water pipes, boost <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> investment, and expand green energy.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-2024-136">[136]</a> In February 2024, the total <a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">federal government debt</a> grew to $34.4 trillion after having grown by approximately $1 trillion in both of two separate 100-day periods since the previous June.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Build_Back_Better_Plan">Build Back Better Plan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a> was a proposed framework of public investment in social, infrastructural, and environmental programs. It was eventually divided into three parts. The American Rescue Plan was focused on <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> relief, and was passed and signed into law in March 2021 as the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a>. The second part called for investment in infrastructure and addressing <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, and was called the American Jobs Plan. Elements of the American Jobs Plan were the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a>, signed into law in November 2021. The third part, the American Families Plan, proposed investment in social policies, such as paid <a href="/wiki/Parental_leave" title="Parental leave">parental leave</a>. The American Families Plan was merged with elements of the American Jobs Plan to form the <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a>, introduced in September 2021. This passed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, but failed to pass the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>. Continued negations led to the a new proposal, the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a> which included proposals addressing climate change, healthcare, and tax reform proposals while excluding Build Back Better's social safety net proposals. This was passed and signed into law in August 2022. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Consumer_price_reductions">Consumer price reductions</h4></div> The administration also pursued lower drug prices by allowing Medicare to negotiate the prices it pays and capping the price of <a href="/wiki/Insulin_(medication)" title="Insulin (medication)">insulin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-2024-136">[136]</a> In 2024, Biden pushed to limit <a href="/wiki/Junk_fees" class="mw-redirect" title="Junk fees">junk fees</a> through the FTC, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">CFPB</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Narea-2024-138">[138]</a> Biden took antitrust more seriously than presidents in recent memory, as seen by the work of <a href="/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan">Lina Khan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">FTC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Baker-2024-136">[136]</a> a historic court victory <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">against Google's search monopoly</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="United States v. Live Nation Entertainment">lawsuit</a> to break-up <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster">Ticketmaster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Narea-2024-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_signs_the_American_Rescue_Plan_into_law.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/President_Joe_Biden_signs_the_American_Rescue_Plan_into_law.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_the_American_Rescue_Plan_into_law.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/President_Joe_Biden_signs_the_American_Rescue_Plan_into_law.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_the_American_Rescue_Plan_into_law.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/President_Joe_Biden_signs_the_American_Rescue_Plan_into_law.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_the_American_Rescue_Plan_into_law.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>President Biden signs the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 into law, March 11, 2021.</figcaption></figure> On January 14, 2021, Biden revealed a $1.9 trillion <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)" title="Stimulus (economics)">stimulus</a> bill, the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Barrow-139">[139]</a> The plan includes $1 trillion in direct aid, including $1,400 per-person checks, for working Americans, and would provide for direct housing and nutrition assistance, expanding access to safe and reliable childcare and affordable healthcare, increasing the minimum wage, extending unemployment insurance, and giving families with kids and childless workers an emergency boost this year.<a href="#cite_note-ReliefPDF-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-NLRrelief-141">[141]</a> It would also expand the eligibility of these checks to adult dependents who have been left out of previous rounds of relief.<a href="#cite_note-ReliefPDF-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-NLRrelief-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barrow-139">[139]</a> The plan additionally includes $440 billion in community support, providing $350 billion of community support to first responders while the rest goes to grants for small businesses and transit agencies; $400 billion for a national vaccination plan and school reopenings; and $10 billion for information technology, modernizing federal cybersecurity infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-Barrow-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-NLRrelief-141">[141]</a> In her first press briefing, press secretary Psaki said the plan was likely to change as negotiations continued, with the provision to increase the minimum wage later being excluded from the relief plan.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Biden signed the Plan into law on March 11, 2021, passing through both chambers of Congress with a <a href="/wiki/Party-line_vote" title="Party-line vote">party-line vote</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The plan invokes the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act of 1950</a> to ensure the production of <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a>, glass vials, syringes, and other supplies exceeds the demand.<a href="#cite_note-ReliefPDF-140">[140]</a> It allows partners of states to create vaccine centers in stadiums, convention centers and pharmacies.<a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-2021-104">[104]</a> The federal government would identify communities that have been hit hardest by COVID-19, and ensure the vaccine does not reach them at an unfair pace.<a href="#cite_note-NLRrelief-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReliefPDF-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-2021-104">[104]</a> In addition, the plan would launch a national campaign to educate Americans about the vaccine and COVID-19, targeting <a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">misinformation related to the pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-2021-104">[104]</a> Vaccines would also be freely available to all citizens regardless of immigration status.<a href="#cite_note-ReliefPDF-140">[140]</a> In Biden's plan, he would issue a national testing strategy that attempts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 by increasing laboratory capacity and expanding testing. The plan would also develop new treatments for COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-ReliefPDF-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barrow-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-NLRrelief-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-2021-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="American_Families_Plan">American Families Plan</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American_Families_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="American Families Plan">American Families Plan</a></div> On 28 April, during Biden's speech to Congress he unveiled the American Families Plan, a roughly $1.8 trillion proposal to significantly increase federal spending in areas related to <a href="/wiki/Childcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Childcare">childcare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paid_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Paid leave">paid leave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre-kindergarten" title="Pre-kindergarten">pre-kindergarten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community college</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">healthcare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-2-146">[146]</a> It is considered to be the third part of Biden's "Build Back Better" agenda (the first being the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="American Rescue Plan">American Rescue Plan</a> and the second being the <a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="American Jobs Plan">American Jobs Plan</a>).<a href="#cite_note-nyt-147">[147]</a> The bill was effectively merged with climate change and other provisions that didn't make it into the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, for a total $3.5 trillion <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a>. However, the bill did not have Republican support, and Democrats struggled to win the support of Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> of West Virginia to pass it on a <a href="/wiki/Party-line_vote" title="Party-line vote">party-line vote</a> through <a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">budget reconciliation</a>, even as the price was lowered to $2.2 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> After the bill ultimately failed to match his envisioned cost, Manchin publicly rejected it, dooming its passage.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Labor">Labor</h4></div> On January 22, 2021, Biden signed an executive order that removed schedule F, overturning a number of Trump's policies that limited the <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> power of federal unions.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Biden's executive order also promotes a $15 <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a> for federal workers and repeals three of Trump's executive orders which made the employee discipline process stricter and restricted union representatives' access to office space. As well as promoting a $15 minimum wage, Biden's executive order increases the amount of money going to the families of children who are missing meals because of school closures due to the pandemic by 15%.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> The repealing of Trump's three executive orders comes as the orders were used to transfer civil servants and career scientists and replace them with employees friendly to the Trump administration.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> On inauguration day 2021, Biden fired pro-business <a href="/wiki/Peter_B._Robb" title="Peter B. Robb">Peter Robb</a>, then general counsel of the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> replacing him with pro-union <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Abruzzo" title="Jennifer Abruzzo">Jennifer Abruzzo</a> in February 2021.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Biden's NLRB has pursued action against <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a>' and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>'s alleged anti-union activities.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> On August 24, 2023, the NLRB reinstated <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama-era</a> policies regarding union elections, speeding up the timeline by removing restrictions such as resolving <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">litigation</a> before holding an election.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In late 2022, Biden signed a bill forcing an agreement between union workers and rail companies in order to prevent a strike, earning him criticism from progressives and rail workers.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Afterwards, Biden pressured the rail companies to offer <a href="/wiki/Sick_leave" title="Sick leave">paid sick leave</a> to workers, which had been a key demand in the original planned strike.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> More than 60% of rail workers had sick leave agreements in June 2023.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> On the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike" title="2023 United Auto Workers strike">2023 United Auto Workers strike</a>, Biden repeated union leader <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Fain" title="Shawn Fain">Shawn Fain</a>'s motto "record profits, record contracts" and expressed support for the workers in negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Biden assigned two White House officials to aid in negotiation efforts, senior adviser <a href="/wiki/Gene_Sperling" title="Gene Sperling">Gene Sperling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Labor Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> On September 26, Biden joined striking UAW workers on the <a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">picket line</a> in Michigan, becoming the first president to do so.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Biden became the first US president to run for election with a <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">unionized</a> campaign staff for his <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 election</a> run.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> The Biden administration helped to resolve the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_port_strike" title="2024 United States port strike">2024 United States port strike</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Banking">Banking</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2023_banking_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 banking crisis">2023 banking crisis</a></div> After the <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Silicon_Valley_Bank" title="Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank">Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank</a> in 2023, Biden expressed opposition to a <a href="/wiki/Bailout" title="Bailout">bailout</a> that was borne by taxpayers.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> He also claimed that the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Growth,_Regulatory_Relief,_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act">partial roll-back</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd-Frank regulations</a> contributed to the bank failures.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Domestic_manufacturing">Domestic manufacturing</h4></div> Biden signed an executive order intended to support domestic manufacturers by increasing a federal preference for purchasing goods made wholly or partly in the U.S. Using the broad term "Made in America laws", the executive order's stated goal is to strengthen "all statutes, regulations, rules, and Executive Orders relating to Federal financial assistance awards or Federal procurement, including those that refer to 'Buy America' or '<a href="/wiki/Buy_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Buy American">Buy American</a>.'"<a href="#cite_note-whit_Executive_Order_on_Ensuring-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn._Biden_signs-171">[171]</a> On August 9, 2022, Biden actively promoted and signed into law the <a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a>, which authorized $52 billion for domestic semiconductor research and manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> On August 16, 2022, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a> into law, which included provisions to support the domestic production of solar panels, wind turbines, and other infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Due to incentives from the CHIPS and Science Act, <a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron Technology</a> will invest billions in new semiconductor manufacturing in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trade">Trade</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported that instead of negotiating access to Chinese markets for large American financial-service firms and pharmaceutical companies, the Biden administration may focus on trade policies that boost exports or domestic jobs. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Trade_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Trade Representative">U.S. Trade Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a> said the administration wants a "worker-centered trade policy".<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of Commerce">U.S. Secretary of Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> aggressively enforced trade rules to combat unfair practices by China.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In March 2021, in her first interview since taking office, U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai told <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> the U.S. would not lift tariffs on Chinese imports (implemented under the Trump administration as urged by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Navarro" title="Peter Navarro">Peter Navarro</a>) in the near future, despite lobbying efforts from "free traders" including former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of Treasury">U.S. Secretary of Treasury</a> <a href="/wiki/Hank_Paulson" class="mw-redirect" title="Hank Paulson">Hank Paulson</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Business_Roundtable" title="Business Roundtable">Business Roundtable</a>, a big-business group in the U.S., that pressed for tariff repeal.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> In 2021, the U.S. suspended its diplomatic trade engagement with <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> after a rise in violence perpetrated by the <a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Burmese military</a> against anti-<a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">coup</a> protesters.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In May 2024, the Biden administration raised <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on Chinese imports, including a doubling for <a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cells</a>; tripling for <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries</a>; and increases for steel, aluminum, and medical equipment. This marks the first time that critical minerals, including <a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_magnet" title="Rare-earth magnet">rare earth magnets</a>—key components in electric and hybrid vehicles—have been specifically included in the tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> China produces and refines over 90 percent of the world's <a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element" title="Rare-earth element">rare earth material</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> The tariff increases will be phased in over a period of three years.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrastructure policy of the Joe Biden administration">Infrastructure policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_after_signing_the_Infrastructure_Investment_and_Job_Act_into_law.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Biden_after_signing_the_Infrastructure_Investment_and_Job_Act_into_law.jpg/220px-President_Biden_after_signing_the_Infrastructure_Investment_and_Job_Act_into_law.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Biden_after_signing_the_Infrastructure_Investment_and_Job_Act_into_law.jpg/330px-President_Biden_after_signing_the_Infrastructure_Investment_and_Job_Act_into_law.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Biden_after_signing_the_Infrastructure_Investment_and_Job_Act_into_law.jpg/440px-President_Biden_after_signing_the_Infrastructure_Investment_and_Job_Act_into_law.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>President Biden signs the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act into law, November 15, 2021.</figcaption></figure> As a part of the Build Back Better Plan, the Biden administration aimed for massive spending on the nation's infrastructure on the order of $2 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Several of the physical infrastructure provisions featured in the proposal were included in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Biden signed the Act into law on November 15, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> This final version included approximately $1.2 trillion in spending, with $550 billion being newly authorized spending on top of what <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> was planning to authorize regularly.<a href="#cite_note-npr20211106-185">[185]</a> The bill included $7.5 billion for electric vehicle charging.<a href="#cite_note-Osaka-2024-186">[186]</a> As of March 2024, seven charging stations with a total of 38 spots for charging vehicles had been built.<a href="#cite_note-Osaka-2024-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inflation">Inflation</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_spike" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 inflation spike">2021–2022 inflation spike</a></div> Longer-term variables that preceded the pandemic and contributed to the rise in inflation include structural <a href="/wiki/Housing_shortage" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing shortage">housing shortages</a>,<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> impacts of climate change on food, energy and home insurance prices,<a href="#cite_note-Becker-2024-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> as well as the size of <a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">government debt</a> and deficits.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> In the midst of recovery from COVID-19, inflation rose to the highest rate in forty years peaking at 9.1% in 2022, with many other major global economies reaching similar level.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> Biden stated during his first <a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address</a> on March 1, 2022, that addressing inflation was his "top priority", while touting an anti-inflation plan that he said would address ocean shipping costs and prescription drug prices.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> resulted in increases in food and energy prices.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> At the end of 2023, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> found that without housing inflation, inflation would have been just 1.8%, instead of 3.2%.<a href="#cite_note-Boak-2024-204">[204]</a> Katy O'Donnell of Politico argued that housing shortages, caused by artificial scarcity driven by <a href="/wiki/NIMBY" title="NIMBY">NIMBYism</a>, had been the single-biggest contributor to inflation.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Mac" title="Freddie Mac">Freddie Mac</a> estimated that the housing shortage surged 52% between 2018 and 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Boak-2024-204">[204]</a> Between 2020 and 2023 <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change and insurance in the United States">climate-change exacerbated home insurance premiums in the U.S.</a> by 33%.<a href="#cite_note-Becker-2024-190">[190]</a> July 2024 data showed that inflation had dropped to 2.9%, with rising rents and childcare costs as the main drivers.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Most economists surveyed by the <a href="/wiki/WSJ" class="mw-redirect" title="WSJ">WSJ</a> in July 2024 found that inflation would be worse under a second Trump administration compared to a second Biden term, due in part to tariffs, a crack down on illegal immigration, and larger deficits.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taxation">Taxation</h4></div> Biden changed the practice of <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">IRS</a> agents disproportionately auditing lower-income Americans.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> Finance officials from 130 countries agreed on July 1, 2021, to plans for a new international taxation policy. All the major economies agreed to pass national laws that would require corporations to pay at least 15% income tax in the countries they operate. This new policy would end the practice of locating world headquarters in small countries with very low taxation rates. Governments hope to recoup some of the lost revenue, estimated at $100 billion to $240 billion each year. The new system was promoted by the Biden administration and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (<a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>). Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Mathias_Cormann" title="Mathias Cormann">Mathias Cormann</a> of the OECD said: "This historic package will ensure that large multinational companies pay their fair share of tax everywhere."<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy,_environment,_and_climate">Energy, environment, and climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biden_visits_Texas_after_winter_storm_damage_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biden_visits_Texas_after_winter_storm_damage_%281%29.jpg/220px-Biden_visits_Texas_after_winter_storm_damage_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biden_visits_Texas_after_winter_storm_damage_%281%29.jpg/330px-Biden_visits_Texas_after_winter_storm_damage_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Biden_visits_Texas_after_winter_storm_damage_%281%29.jpg/440px-Biden_visits_Texas_after_winter_storm_damage_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>President Biden and Texas governor <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a> visit the Harris County Emergency Operations Center in Houston after the <a href="/wiki/2021_Texas_power_crisis" title="2021 Texas power crisis">2021 Texas power crisis</a>, February 2021.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General">General</h4></div> During his first week in office, Biden established the position of <a href="/wiki/White_House_National_Climate_Advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="White House National Climate Advisor">White House National Climate Advisor</a>, appointing <a href="/wiki/Environmental_health" title="Environmental health">environmental health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Air quality">air quality</a> expert <a href="/wiki/Gina_McCarthy" title="Gina McCarthy">Gina McCarthy</a> to the role. Biden also created the position of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Presidential_Envoy_for_Climate" title="U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate">U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate</a>, appointing former secretary of state <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> On January 20, 2021, Biden signed an executive order rejoining the U.S. to the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> With the U.S. rejoining the agreement, countries responsible for two-thirds of the global <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> would make pledges of becoming carbon neutral, while without United States it is only half.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> On the same day, Biden also issued an executive order that cancelled the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone XL">Keystone XL</a> pipeline, an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Pipeline" title="Keystone Pipeline">Keystone Pipeline</a>. The pipeline was heavily criticized by environmental and Native American activists and groups.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> This order also directed agencies to review and reverse more than 100 actions made by Trump on the environment.<a href="#cite_note-Bradner-101">[101]</a> On March 27, 2021, Biden invited more than forty world leaders for a climate summit.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In August 2022, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a> into law, a domestic spending bill born out of continued negotiations on the Build Back Better Act after its collapse that fulfilled some of its initial provisions. The bill included significant federal investment in domestic clean energy production, combating climate change, and healthcare; it aims to reduce U.S. carbon emissions by 40% from peak 2005 levels by 2030, included a three-year extension of <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> subsidies, and empowered Medicare to begin negotiating lower prescription drug costs for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-Everett-2022-6">[6]</a> In May 2022, the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Council_on_Environmental_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Council on Environmental Quality">White House Council on Environmental Quality</a> released a report in which it describes how Biden's administration followed the around 200 recommendations of the White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council. The full report has around 150 pages. The report summarizes many of the steps taken by the administration on environmental issues. Among others, it mentions significant achievements in the domains of <a href="/wiki/Energy_efficiency_implementation" title="Energy efficiency implementation">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weatherization" title="Weatherization">weatherization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">transit-oriented development</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">walking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use development</a>, cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> In April 2024 Biden delivered $20 billion to eight environmental <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGOs</a>. The aim is to reduce the country's CO2 emissions by 40 million tonnes per year with the money, while giving 70% of the benefits to low income communities.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> In the same month, the <a href="/wiki/American_Climate_Corps" title="American Climate Corps">American Climate Corps</a> is expected to begin function with several hundred members. The tasks will probably be "things like installing solar panels, restoring vulnerable habitats, and fire hazard prevention." Biden plans increase the number of participants to 20,000 during the first year and then 50,000 more will be added each year by 2031. However, this plan is opposed by Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> In May 2024, the administration announced guidelines around carbon markets. They push for increased verifiability from suppliers and transparency from buyers. The guidelines are not binding or enforceable.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oil,_gas_extraction_and_transportation">Oil, gas extraction and transportation</h4></div> On January 21, 2021, the Biden administration issued a 60-day ban on oil and gas leases and permits on federal land and waters.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> On January 27, 2021, Biden signed a number of executive orders aimed at <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">combating climate change</a>,<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> one of them setting climate change as a key consideration for U.S. national security and foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-abcn_Bideb_says-224">[224]</a> In an attempt to encourage U.S. membership to the <a href="/wiki/Kigali_Amendment" title="Kigali Amendment">Kigali Amendment</a>, an international agreement aimed to reduce the production of <a href="/wiki/Hydrofluorocarbon" title="Hydrofluorocarbon">hydrofluorocarbons</a>, Biden's executive order directed the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> to submit the Kigali Amendment to the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_at_the_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/President_Joe_Biden_at_the_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate_%2801%29.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_at_the_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/President_Joe_Biden_at_the_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate_%2801%29.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_at_the_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/President_Joe_Biden_at_the_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate_%2801%29.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_at_the_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Biden at the <a href="/wiki/2021_Leaders%27_Climate_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Leaders' Climate Summit">Leaders Summit on Climate</a> in April 2021, held <a href="/wiki/Web_conferencing" title="Web conferencing">virtually</a> because of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></figcaption></figure> In March 2021, 21 Republican <a href="/wiki/State_attorneys_general" class="mw-redirect" title="State attorneys general">state attorneys general</a> of 21 states sued the Biden administration for revoking the Keystone XL pipeline permit. The suit claims Biden's executive order exceeded his authority.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> In May 2021, the EPA rolled back a Trump administration rule that prohibited the EPA from using certain studies.<a href="#cite_note-Zarrin_Ahmed-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-Frazin-230">[230]</a> The previous rule, which made it more difficult to use major scientific studies to justify pollution reduction policies,<a href="#cite_note-Warren_Cornwall-231">[231]</a> had already been invalidated by a federal court.<a href="#cite_note-Rachel_Frazen-232">[232]</a> On June 1, 2021, Secretary of the Interior <a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a> suspended all oil and gas drilling leases in Alaska's <a href="/wiki/Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arctic National Wildlife Refuge">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge</a>, pending further review of their environmental impacts.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> In January 2021, Biden had issued a 60-day ban on oil and gas leases and permits on federal land and waters. A group of Republican <a href="/wiki/State_attorneys_general" class="mw-redirect" title="State attorneys general">state attorneys general</a> successfully obtained a decision in federal court to lift the moratorium. The Biden administration appealed the decision but agreed to continue with the sales, and in September 2021 held the largest federal gas and oil lease auction in U.S. history, selling leases to extract 1.7 million <a href="/wiki/Offshore_oil_and_gas_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_(United_States)" title="Offshore oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico (United States)">acres in the Gulf of Mexico</a>. The areas that were purchased by oil companies can be expected to produce around 4.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 1.12 billion barrels of oil over the next 50 years. The administration has also proposed another round of gas and oil lease sales in 2022, in Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and other western states.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-StopsShort-236">[236]</a> The Biden administration supported the <a href="/wiki/Line_3_pipeline" title="Line 3 pipeline">Line 3 pipeline</a>, which transports oil from Canada's <a href="/wiki/Athabasca_oil_sands" title="Athabasca oil sands">oil sands region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> In November 2021, a closely watched Interior Department report on federal oil and gas lease policy, ordered by Biden, was completed. The report recommended increasing the 12.5% federal royalty rate for oil and gas drilling, which had not been raised by a century, and was significantly lower than rates charged for leasing on state and private land. The report also recommended an increase in the bond rates that drilling companies are required to pay for future cleanup efforts before beginning extraction at new sites, and recommended that leases be focused on sites with "moderate to high potential" for production in proximity to existing fossil-fuel infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-StopsShort-236">[236]</a> The report stopped short of banning the leasing program, which generates billions of dollars for the federal government, but reformed its terms to be less favorable for industry; environmental groups praised the reforms, but also said they were insufficient to address the U.S. contribution to the <a href="/wiki/Climate_crisis" title="Climate crisis">climate crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-StopsShort-236">[236]</a> In 2021, the Biden administration proposed a 20-year ban on oil and gas drilling around <a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Culture National Historical Park</a>, a site in northwestern New Mexico that contain important <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral Puebloan">Ancestral Puebloan</a> sites.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmental_science">Environmental science</h4></div> In May 2021, the EPA rolled back a Trump administration rule that prohibited the EPA from using certain studies.<a href="#cite_note-Zarrin_Ahmed-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-Frazin-230">[230]</a> The previous rule, which made it more difficult to use major scientific studies to justify pollution reduction policies,<a href="#cite_note-Warren_Cornwall-231">[231]</a> had already been invalidated by a federal court.<a href="#cite_note-Rachel_Frazen-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Renewable_energy">Renewable energy</h4></div> The Biden administration set a goal of achieving 30 gigawatts of <a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore wind energy">offshore wind energy</a> generated in the U.S. by 2030 (sufficient to provide electricity to about 10 million homes). In 2021, the Biden administration approved the <a href="/wiki/South_Fork_Wind" class="mw-redirect" title="South Fork Wind">South Fork Wind</a> project, a major (130 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a>, 12-turbine) commercial <a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind_power" title="Offshore wind power">offshore wind power</a> project located southeast of <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Block_Island" title="Block Island">Block Island</a> and east of New York's <a href="/wiki/Montauk_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Montauk Point">Montauk Point</a>, the wind farm is projected to provide electricity to proved 70,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> homes. The project is the country's second large-scale offshore wind project (after a <a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Wind" title="Vineyard Wind">similar wind-power development in Massachusetts</a>).<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nature_conservation">Nature conservation</h4></div> The U.S. is part of the <a href="/wiki/30_by_30" title="30 by 30">30 by 30</a> initiative which aims to preserve 30% of the global land and sea territory by 2030. For the U.S. to accomplish its part, Biden launched a campaign called "America the Beautiful". The campaign seeks to work in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">indigenous people</a> and farmers, as well as better serve disadvantaged communities.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> In November 2021, Biden promised to end and reverse <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">land degradation</a> by 2030,<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> joining more than 100 other global leaders in the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP26 climate summit</a>'s first major agreement.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> According to a report from the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress">Center for American Progress</a> during the first 3 years of his presidency Biden broke several records in <a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_the_United_States" title="Conservation in the United States">conservation</a>, which is "a proven defense against the changing climate". In 2023 alone he turned 12.5 million acres into <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a> and made 200 agreements with indigenous people about co-management of the protected areas.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> He advanced a proposal to ban logging in <a href="/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">old growth forests</a> from 2025 which is also important for the climate.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_and_ethical_reform">Electoral and ethical reform</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_and_ethics_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Electoral and ethics policy of the Joe Biden administration">Electoral and ethics policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> In response to what Biden describes as the growing influence of special interests and <a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">gerrymandering</a> in elections, he has pledged to seek electoral and government ethics reforms.<a href="#cite_note-govtreform-248">[248]</a> Biden supported the <a href="/wiki/For_the_People_Act" title="For the People Act">For the People Act</a> and the <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Voting_Rights_Act" title="John Lewis Voting Rights Act">John Lewis Voting Rights Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> In January 2022, he endorsed a change to <a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">senate filibuster</a> rules after they both failed to invoke <a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">cloture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> However, the rules change failed when two Democratic senators joined Senate Republicans in opposing it.<a href="#cite_note-:5b-252">[252]</a> Known for his generally bipartisan tone, Biden avoided directly referring to his predecessor during his first year in office.<a href="#cite_note-StrongAlarm-253">[253]</a> Beginning in 2022, Biden condemned Trump and <a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> in stronger terms; he likened the "MAGA philosophy" to "semi-fascism" and, in <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Soul_of_the_Nation_speech" title="Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech">a 2022 speech outside Independence Hall in Philadelphia</a>, said the "extreme ideology" of Trump, and a Republican Party dominated by him, "threatens the very foundation of our republic." Biden specifically condemned Trump and "MAGA Republicans" for promoting authoritarian leaders, using violent rhetoric, refusing to disavow <a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">political violence</a>, and refusing to acknowledge election losses.<a href="#cite_note-StrongAlarm-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> Biden suggested that the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_elections" title="2022 United States elections">2022 United States elections</a> could be illegitimate if federal laws are not passed to combat enacted voter-suppression legislation from state legislatures.<a href="#cite_note-Elections-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-Elections2-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-Elections3-257">[257]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election</a>, Biden called for reforms to the 1887 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Act" title="Electoral Count Act">Electoral Count Act</a> to clarify the roles of Congress and the vice president in certifying electoral votes. The <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022" title="Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022</a> raised the threshold for objections to electoral votes, clarified that the vice president cannot decertify electoral votes, and modified the process for which electors are certified. It was included as part of the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Housing_Supply_Action_Plan" title="Housing Supply Action Plan">Housing Supply Action Plan</a></div> Due to ongoing decreases in housing affordability exacerbated by the pandemic, inflation, and snarls in the global supply chain, Biden launched the <a href="/wiki/Housing_Supply_Action_Plan" title="Housing Supply Action Plan">Housing Supply Action Plan</a> on May 16, 2022, to increase housing supply and construction through executive initiatives, administrative deregulation and funding from the <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a>. Due to the statutory limits upon federal intervention in housing policy, the plan relied heavily upon partnerships with willing municipal governments and the private sector to reform <a href="/wiki/Zoning_in_the_United_States" title="Zoning in the United States">zoning and permitting laws</a> and secure construction supply, issuing financial incentives to municipal governments for cooperation with the plan, issuing financial support to renters, landlords and first-time homeowners, and disincentivizing large institutional investors from acquiring government-owned or funded home properties.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> Biden also called upon Congress to pass an Unlocking Possibilities Program to allow <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a> to issue grants to states and localities to help reform permitting for affordable housing, as well as further mortgage assistance for first-time homebuyers.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Through the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a>, the Biden administration secured over $25 billion to invest in a variety of programs and tax credits that incentivize renovations and energy efficiency in housing through five federal agencies (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">IRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">DOE</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">DOT</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a>).<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis#Biden_administration" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis § Biden administration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proclamation_10141_-_Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_the_United_States_(2021).pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Proclamation_10141_-_Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_the_United_States_%282021%29.pdf/page1-220px-Proclamation_10141_-_Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_the_United_States_%282021%29.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Proclamation_10141_-_Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_the_United_States_%282021%29.pdf/page1-330px-Proclamation_10141_-_Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_the_United_States_%282021%29.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Proclamation_10141_-_Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_the_United_States_%282021%29.pdf/page1-440px-Proclamation_10141_-_Ending_Discriminatory_Bans_on_Entry_to_the_United_States_%282021%29.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Presidential Proclamation 10141 – Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to the United States</figcaption></figure> On January 20, 2021, the day Biden was inaugurated, he halted the construction of the <a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Mexico_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.–Mexico barrier">U.S.–Mexico barrier</a><a href="#cite_note-Bradner-101">[101]</a> and ended <a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States" title="National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States">a related national emergency</a> declared by Trump in February 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Everett-2022-6">[6]</a> Biden issued a proclamation that ended the <a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">Trump travel ban</a> imposed on predominantly Muslim countries in January 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Bradner-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-Everett-2022-6">[6]</a> Biden also reaffirmed protections to recipients of <a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals</a> (DACA).<a href="#cite_note-Narea-263">[263]</a> The same day, Biden sent a memorandum to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> reinstating Deferred Enforced Departure for Liberians.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> On January 20, Biden proposed the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_Act_of_2021" title="U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021">U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021</a> which would enact broad changes to the immigration system.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-267">[267]</a> It would provide an eight-year potential pathway for citizenship to eleven million immigrants living in the U.S. without a permanent legal status.<a href="#cite_note-:0-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hackman-2021-268">[268]</a> The bill would also make it easier for certain foreign workers to stay in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-Fram-2021-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spagat-2021-270">[270]</a> In addition, it would deliver record budget allocations for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> to secure the border and $4 billion to El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras to combat the root causes of their emigration.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> If passed, it would also replace the word "alien" with "noncitizen" in <a href="/wiki/U.S._immigration_law" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. immigration law">U.S. immigration law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> <a href="/wiki/Senate_Majority_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Majority Whip">Senate Majority Whip</a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin</a> called the bill "aspirational" and it was widely expected not to pass both houses of Congress without significant revision.<a href="#cite_note-Hackman-2021-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fram-2021-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spagat-2021-270">[270]</a> Also on January 20, 2021, the Biden administration issued a moratorium on <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportations</a> from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a> (DHS) for the first 100 days of his presidency.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> On January 22, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Attorney_General" title="Texas Attorney General">Texas Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ken_Paxton" title="Ken Paxton">Ken Paxton</a> sued the Biden administration for violating Biden's written pledge to cooperatively work with the state of Texas.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> A federal judge in Texas subsequently issued a temporary restraining order barring the Biden administration from enforcing its moratorium, citing the lack of "any concrete, reasonable justification for a 100-day pause on deportations."<a href="#cite_note-apne_Judge_bars-277">[277]</a> On January 22, 2021, Biden had a call with <a href="/wiki/Mexican_president" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican president">Mexican president</a> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a>. On the call, Biden and López Obrador spoke about immigration, where Biden spoke of reducing <a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Mexico" title="Emigration from Mexico">immigration from Mexico to the U.S.</a> by targeting what Biden deemed as root causes.<a href="#cite_note-Obradorcall-278">[278]</a> According to an <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> report, López Obrador noted that Biden pledged $4 billion to "help development in Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala — nations whose hardships have spawned tides of migration through Mexico toward the United States."<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> According to a 2021 Politico report, Republicans expected prior to Biden taking office that there would be a border surge at the start of 2021 (due to seasonal patterns and regional crises) and coordinated to make it a central issue in the lead-up to the 2022 mid-term elections.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> The number of migrants arriving in the U.S. from Central America had been rising since April 2020 due to ongoing violence, natural disasters, food insecurity, and poverty in the region.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> In February 2021, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Border Patrol">U.S. Border Patrol</a> reported a 61% increase in encounters with unaccompanied children from the month before, the largest one-month percentage increase in encounters with unaccompanied children since <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a> began recording data in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> Biden instructed the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (ICE) to focus on violent offenders of immigration laws rather than all offenders of immigration laws.<a href="#cite_note-Kanno-Youngs-2021-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> In February 2021, it was reported that DHS agents who had been empowered by Trump to enact his anti-immigration policies were resisting and defying Biden's immigration policies.<a href="#cite_note-Kanno-Youngs-2021-284">[284]</a> The union representing ICE agents signaled that its agents would not accept reversals of Trump policies.<a href="#cite_note-Kanno-Youngs-2021-284">[284]</a> In March 2021, the Biden administration granted <a href="/wiki/Temporary_protected_status" title="Temporary protected status">temporary protected status</a> to Venezuelans <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="Venezuelan refugee crisis">fleeing the country</a> amidst the ongoing political and economic <a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Crisis in Venezuela">crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harris_meets_with_Special_Envoy_Ricardo_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Harris_meets_with_Special_Envoy_Ricardo_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga.jpg/220px-Harris_meets_with_Special_Envoy_Ricardo_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Harris_meets_with_Special_Envoy_Ricardo_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga.jpg/330px-Harris_meets_with_Special_Envoy_Ricardo_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Harris_meets_with_Special_Envoy_Ricardo_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga.jpg/440px-Harris_meets_with_Special_Envoy_Ricardo_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1034" /></a><figcaption>Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> meets with State Department Special Envoy for the Northern Triangle, Ricardo Zúñiga, and other officials on the surge of migrants from Central America, March 2021.</figcaption></figure>On March 24, 2021, Biden tasked Vice President Harris to reduce the number of <a href="/wiki/Unaccompanied_minor" title="Unaccompanied minor">unaccompanied minors</a> and adult <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seeker" title="Asylum seeker">asylum seekers</a>. She is also tasked with leading the negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The number of migrant families and unaccompanied children entering the U.S. from across the Southwest border steeply declined in August, September, and October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> On June 1, 2021, the DHS officially terminated the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump</a>-era "<a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump#Restrictions_on_asylum" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Remain in Mexico</a>" policy, which mandated that all <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seekers" class="mw-redirect" title="Asylum seekers">asylum seekers</a> from Central America were to wait in Mexico pending their court cases; however, a health order from March 2020 allowed the border authorities to send migrants back for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic have remained in place.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> However, on August 14, 2021, a federal judge in Texas ordered the Biden administration to reimplement the policy; the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> placed a pause on the ruling to give the administration time for arguments.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> On August 24, 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that the Biden administration must comply with the lower court's ruling to reinstate the policy.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> In fiscal year 2022, over one million <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigrants</a> (most of whom entered through <a href="/wiki/Chain_migration#Legislation_and_chain_migration" title="Chain migration">family reunification</a>) were granted <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residence (United States)">legal residence</a>,<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> up from 707,000 in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> Up until 2022 during Biden's presidency, the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States steadily rose.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> On October 5, 2023, Biden's administration said it will add sections to a border wall to stave off record migrant crossings from Mexico, carrying forward a signature policy of former president Donald Trump.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> One of Biden's first actions after taking office in January 2021 was to issue a proclamation pledging that "no more American taxpayer dollars be diverted to construct a border wall" as well as a review of all resources that had already been committed. The administration said Thursday's action did not deviate from Biden's proclamation because money that was allocated during Trump's term in 2019 had to be spent now.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-298">[298]</a> Former president Trump was quick to claim victory and demand an apology: "As I have stated often, over thousands of years, there are only two things that have consistently worked, wheels, and walls!" Trump wrote on social media. "Will Joe Biden apologize to me and America for taking so long to get moving...".<a href="#cite_note-reuters-298">[298]</a> Mexico's President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador called the move "a step backwards."<a href="#cite_note-reuters-298">[298]</a> On October 31, 2023, Homeland Security Secretary <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> testified before the Senate Homeland Security Committee that more than 600,000 people illegally made their way into the United States without being apprehended by border agents during the 2023 fiscal year.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> President Biden pledged to welcome 125,000 <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">refugees</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> The Biden administration considered accepting <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> On March 29, 2024, in response to a class-action lawsuit filed by lawyers representing detained migrant children, the Biden administration argued in front of a federal court that it had no responsibility to feed and house migrant children that were waiting in Border Patrol camps along the U.S.-Mexico border.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> This argument was rejected by Judge Dolly M. Gee, who ordered the administration to "expeditiously" house all detained migrant children.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> On June 4, 2024, President Biden issued a new executive order granting immigration officials the authority to deport certain asylum seekers without processing their claims. This measure targets migrants who enter the United States "without permission and against the law," making it easier for authorities to deport them.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> Under the new order, if migrants express fear of returning to their home countries, they may be given an interview with an asylum officer. However, agents are no longer required to ask migrants if they have such fears.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> As part of the new action, the Biden administration announced the closure of the <a href="/wiki/South_Texas_Family_Residential_Center" title="South Texas Family Residential Center">South Texas Family Residential Center</a>, the largest immigrant detention center in the United States. The primary reason cited for this decision was the high cost of operating the facility.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024_bipartisan_border_bill">2024 bipartisan border bill</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-_Encounters_at_U.S._southwest_border.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2020-_Encounters_at_U.S._southwest_border.svg/220px-2020-_Encounters_at_U.S._southwest_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2020-_Encounters_at_U.S._southwest_border.svg/330px-2020-_Encounters_at_U.S._southwest_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2020-_Encounters_at_U.S._southwest_border.svg/440px-2020-_Encounters_at_U.S._southwest_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>US southwest border encounters throughout Biden's term in office.<a href="#cite_note-CBP_20240806-309">[309]</a> Encounters decreased substantially after Biden's executive action taken after failure of the early-2024 bipartisan border bill.</figcaption></figure> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis#2024_bipartisan_border_bill" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis § 2024 bipartisan border bill</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> Following months of negotiations, on February 4, 2024, a bipartisan group of senators released a 370-page bill intended to sharply reduce incentives for migrants to attempt border crossings. The bill included a "border emergency" provision that would automatically require the border to be closed if border encounters reached an average of 5,000 per day over several days. Trump, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_Mike_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker Mike Johnson">Speaker Mike Johnson</a> and other Republicans falsely claimed the bill allowed 5,000 illegal border crossings per day.<a href="#cite_note-Mexico–United_States_border_crisis_5000nbc-310">[310]</a> In reality, the bill would end the practice of <a href="/wiki/Catch_and_release_(immigration)" title="Catch and release (immigration)">"catch and release"</a> that allows migrants entry into the country while they await immigration hearings; instead, migrants would be <a href="/wiki/Immigration_detention_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration detention in the United States">detained</a> pending hearings.<a href="#cite_note-Mexico–United_States_border_crisis_5000nbc-310">[310]</a> The plan included a tighter asylum application and approval process with speedy removal of migrants who do not qualify, the hiring of thousands more border patrol and asylum officers and an increase in detention capacity. The bill also provided for thousands of work visas for migrant spouses of U.S. citizens awaiting immigrant visas, and 250,000 new visas over five years for people seeking to work in the U.S. or join family members. It aimed to provide a <a href="/wiki/Pathway_to_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathway to citizenship">pathway to citizenship</a> for "Documented Dreamers," children who accompanied their parents on a work visa and who could lose their place in line for a <a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">green card</a> at age 21.<a href="#cite_note-Mexico–United_States_border_crisis_a583-311">[311]</a> President Biden supported the bill, while Speaker Johnson said days before its release that it would be "dead on arrival" in the Republican-controlled House. Shortly after the proposal was announced, <a href="/wiki/House_majority_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="House majority leader">House majority leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Steve Scalise</a> declared it would not be brought before the House for a vote. One negotiator, independent <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a>, asserted the border would have been closed every day so far in 2024 if the bill had been law; Biden promised in January that he would immediately close the border if the bill was enacted. Lead Republican negotiator <a href="/wiki/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">James Lankford</a> of Oklahoma, among the most conservative Republican Senators, attempted to defend the bill throughout the weeks leading to the vote. Trump, the leading Republican candidate for president in 2024, publicly and privately pressured Republicans during the Senate negotiations to oppose the proposal. The <a href="/wiki/National_Border_Patrol_Council" title="National Border Patrol Council">National Border Patrol Council</a>, a labor union representing some 18,000 border patrol officers, quickly endorsed the Senate bill. The union had endorsed Trump in 2020 and had been critical of Biden's policies.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> Senate Republicans swiftly turned against the bill upon its release, after Trump openly said he did not want Joe Biden to score a political win with the legislation.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> On February 7, Senate Republicans blocked the proposal in a floor vote. Lankford said on the floor before the vote that a "popular commentator" had told him a month earlier, "'If you try to move a bill that solves the border crisis during this presidential year, I will do whatever I can to destroy you, because I do not want you to solve this during the presidential election.'" Two days before the vote, Trump told a radio host, "This is a very bad bill for his career."<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> The $118 billion package included $60 billion for the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian military">Ukrainian military</a> and $14 billion for <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> Trump said at a rally days later, "We crushed crooked Joe Biden's disastrous open borders bill," while Biden said, "Every day between now and November, the American people are going to know that the only reason the border is not secure is Donald Trump and his <a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">MAGA</a> Republican friends."<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separation_of_church_and_state">Separation of church and state</h3></div> Biden, a practicing Catholic,<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> has taken a public position of dissent against the Church's position opposing free-choice in the abortion issue.<a href="#cite_note-Brian_Bennett_2021-322">[322]</a> This has raised the question of whether his public office might allow him to influence the outcomes of current debates with the Church concerning abortion.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> The Vatican has taken a mediating position concerning Biden's dissent by allowing him to take <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Communion</a> in Rome while visiting the Pope.<a href="#cite_note-Brian_Bennett_2021-322">[322]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Social policy of the Joe Biden administration">Social policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_signs_executive_orders_on_health_care_access_and_affordability.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/President_Joe_Biden_signs_executive_orders_on_health_care_access_and_affordability.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_executive_orders_on_health_care_access_and_affordability.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/President_Joe_Biden_signs_executive_orders_on_health_care_access_and_affordability.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_executive_orders_on_health_care_access_and_affordability.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/President_Joe_Biden_signs_executive_orders_on_health_care_access_and_affordability.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_executive_orders_on_health_care_access_and_affordability.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>President Biden signs executive orders expanding the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> and revoking <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> health policies, January 2021.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_signs_Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_into_law.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/President_Biden_signs_Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_into_law.jpg/220px-President_Biden_signs_Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_into_law.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/President_Biden_signs_Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_into_law.jpg/330px-President_Biden_signs_Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_into_law.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/President_Biden_signs_Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_into_law.jpg/440px-President_Biden_signs_Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_into_law.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>President Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Juneteenth National Independence Day Act">Juneteenth National Independence Day Act</a> into law, June 17, 2021.</figcaption></figure> During his early days in office, Biden focused on "advancing equity, civil rights, racial justice and equal opportunity." According to <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, Biden's early actions in office focused on <a href="/wiki/Racial_equality" title="Racial equality">racial equality</a> more than any president since <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, who passed the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> On January 25, 2021, Biden signed an executive order that lifted the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Memorandum_on_Military_Service_by_Transgender_Individuals_(2017)" title="Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2017)">ban on transgender military service members</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> This reversed a memorandum imposed by Trump.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> The Biden administration is seeking to put <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a> on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">twenty-dollar bill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> This effort follows that of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a>, which was blocked by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin" title="Steven Mnuchin">Steven Mnuchin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> Press secretary Psaki said it was important that <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">U.S. money and notes</a> reflect the "history and diversity" of the country and that putting Tubman on the twenty-dollar bill would do so.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> On January 20, 2021, the Biden administration issued an Executive Order entitled Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> increasing the federal government's anti-bias enforcement against government contractors. The intent is heightened investigations and audits by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> as well as more detailed follow-up inquiries with government contractors, with an emphasis on combatting pay discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> Also in January, Biden directed the U.S. Department of Justice to reduce their usage of <a href="/wiki/Private_prison" title="Private prison">private prisons</a> and ordered the attorney general to not renew contracts with private prisons, citing the need to "reduce profit-based incentives" for the incarceration of racial minorities.<a href="#cite_note-theh_Biden_directs-333">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> Three days after the <a href="/wiki/2021_Atlanta_spa_shootings" title="2021 Atlanta spa shootings">Atlanta spa shootings</a> that killed 8 people, including 6 Asian women, Biden and Vice President Harris travelled to <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>. They spoke to Asian American and Pacific Islander advocates and leaders and condemned sexism, and racism against Asian Americans.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Biden made <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> (June 19) a federal holiday in 2021, celebrating the end of slavery in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> In March 2022, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act" title="Emmett Till Antilynching Act">Emmett Till Antilynching Act</a> into law. With the enactment of that legislation, <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a> was made a federal <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a> for the first time in American history.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> In October 2022, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Joe Biden administration">Biden pardoned</a> all past federal marijuana possession charges and announced an inquiry into whether <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act">cannabis should be removed from Schedule I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Controlled Substances Act">Controlled Substances Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> In December 2022, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act" title="Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act">Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act</a> which was the first standalone cannabis-related bill ever passed by the United States Congress.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> unveiled efforts in 2022 to prevent <a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBT_discrimination_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-LGBT discrimination in the United States">anti-LGBT discrimination</a> in food programs, including <a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Act" title="National School Lunch Act">school lunch programs</a>, resulting in 20 lawsuits from 20 Republican <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general" title="Attorney general">attorneys general</a>.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> In December 2022, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a>, which repealed the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a> (DOMA), required states to recognize other states' marriage certificates for <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> Americans, and ensured some religious liberties.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> The bill came from a push from Democrats to codify same-sex marriage after the <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs decision</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a>'s push to reconsider other <a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedents</a>.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> In January 2023, the Biden administration released an "evidence agenda" for <a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT people in the United States">LGBTQI+ Americans</a> to learn about "their experiences engaging with federal agencies and the disparities they face in their daily lives," as well as documenting how many LGBT people live in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abortion">Abortion</h4></div> In December 2021, the Biden administration ended a long-standing restriction on sales of abortion pills through the mail. This decision came amidst legal cases and Supreme Court decisions that jeopardized abortion access in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> After the U.S. Supreme Court overturned <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood_v._Casey" title="Planned Parenthood v. Casey">Planned Parenthood v. Casey</a> on June 24, 2022, in <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a>, Biden addressed the nation in the Cross Hall of the White House.<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse1-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-c-span1-348">[348]</a> He mentioned that "it's a sad day ... for the country" and "with Roe gone, ... The health and life of women in this nation are now at risk."<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse1-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-c-span1-348">[348]</a> In addition, he attacked the Court saying "With this decision, the conservative majority of the Supreme Court shows how extreme it is" and "They have made the United States an outlier among developed nations in the world."<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse1-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-c-span1-348">[348]</a> Regarding action, Biden stated that his administration will defend the right of women to seek an abortion in another state where abortion is legal and help protect a woman's access to contraception and abortion pills approved by the FDA.<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse1-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-c-span1-348">[348]</a> He also called on Congress to codify Roe v. Wade, saying "No executive action ... can do that.".<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse1-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-c-span1-348">[348]</a> But stated that if Congress did not have the votes to codify, that the voters would have to take action by "elect[ing] more senators and representatives who will codify a woman's right to choose into federal law."<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse1-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-c-span1-348">[348]</a> The Biden administration rejected the call from <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressives</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> to allow abortions on federal land, with White House press secretary <a href="/wiki/Karine_Jean-Pierre" title="Karine Jean-Pierre">Karine Jean-Pierre</a> saying, "in states where abortion is now illegal, women and providers who are not federal employees, as you look at the federal land, could be potentially – be prosecuted."<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> During a press conference at the <a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">2022 Madrid NATO Summit</a>, Biden expressed support for providing an exception to the filibuster to codify Roe v. Wade.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criminal_justice_and_crime_rates">Criminal justice and crime rates</h4></div> The Biden administration rescinded a Trump administration policy that curtailed the use of <a href="/wiki/Consent_decree" title="Consent decree">consent decrees</a> that had been used by previous administrations in their investigations of misconduct in police departments.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> Biden proposed in his fiscal 2022 budget to more than double funding for the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Hiring Program, which helps state and local governments to hire law enforcement officers.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> Despite perceptions, notably by Republicans and conservative media, of a "crime crisis" of soaring violent crime under Biden, FBI data indicated the violent crime rate had declined significantly during the president's first two years in office, after a spike in 2020 during the <a href="/wiki/COVID_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID pandemic">COVID pandemic</a>. By 2022, the violent crime rate was near a 50-year low, and preliminary data released in early 2024 indicated continuing declines in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> As of July 1, 2024 violent crime was down and homicides were on pace to drop to 2015 levels by the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gun_control">Gun control</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biden_delivers_remarks_on_gun_control_measures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Biden_delivers_remarks_on_gun_control_measures.jpg/220px-Biden_delivers_remarks_on_gun_control_measures.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Biden_delivers_remarks_on_gun_control_measures.jpg/330px-Biden_delivers_remarks_on_gun_control_measures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Biden_delivers_remarks_on_gun_control_measures.jpg/440px-Biden_delivers_remarks_on_gun_control_measures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption>President Biden announces new executive measures on gun control with Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> and Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> in the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">White House Rose Garden</a>, April 8, 2021.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm/220px--President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="433" data-mwtitle="President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm/President-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident-Biden-Delivers-Remarks-on-the-Horrific-Elementary-School-Shooting-in-Uvalde_-Texas.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>President Biden addresses the nation after the <a href="/wiki/Robb_Elementary_School_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Robb Elementary School shooting">Robb Elementary School shooting</a>.</figcaption></figure>In a national address in March 2021, after <a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">mass shootings</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Atlanta_spa_shootings" title="2021 Atlanta spa shootings">Atlanta area</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_Boulder_shooting" title="2021 Boulder shooting">Boulder, Colorado</a>, Biden advocated further gun regulations, such as a restored <a href="/wiki/Assault_weapons_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Assault weapons legislation in the United States">ban on assault weapons</a> and a <a href="/wiki/High-capacity_magazine_ban" title="High-capacity magazine ban">high-capacity magazine ban</a>, as well as reinforcing preexisting background checks.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Robb_Elementary_School_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Robb Elementary School shooting">Robb Elementary School shooting</a> on May 24, 2022, President Biden addressed the nation.<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> The next week, he again called on Congress to pass an assault weapons and high-capacity magazine ban, as well as <a href="/wiki/Red_flag_law" title="Red flag law">red flag laws</a> and other legislation.<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> As a result of the shooting, the <a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a> was eventually passed by Congress and signed into law. It marked the first federal gun safety law to have been enacted in 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs_nightclub_shooting" title="Colorado Springs nightclub shooting">Colorado Springs nightclub shooting</a>, Biden called again for an assault weapons ban.<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_policy">Space policy</h3></div> The Biden administration reversed the Trump administration's method of using the <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Council" title="National Space Council">National Space Council</a> to coordinate commercial, civil, and military space policies, instead using the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a> to issue national security memoranda instead of the Space Council's space policy directives.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> The Biden administration renewed the National Space Council, chaired by Vice President Harris,<a href="#cite_note-FisherSpace-368">[368]</a> "to assist the president in generating national space policies, strategies, and synchronizing America's space activities."<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> Harris held meetings with the leaders of five countries to discuss <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_outer_space" title="Politics of outer space">international cooperation on space issues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FisherSpace-368">[368]</a> The Biden administration continued the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a> to send people back <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">to the Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FisherSpace-368">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> The administration also emphasized the role of NASA in studying <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FisherSpace-368">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-BenderCustodio-371">[371]</a> Biden appointed <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Bill Nelson</a>, an astronaut and former U.S. senator, to the post of <a href="/wiki/NASA_administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA administrator">NASA administrator</a>. Nelson was confirmed unanimously by the Senate in April 2021.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> In April 2021, as part of his first annual budget request, Biden proposed a $24.8 billion budget for NASA in 2022, a $1.5 billion increase on what Congress allocated to 2021.<a href="#cite_note-BenderCustodio-371">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-Space.com1-373">[373]</a> The proposal includes funding for the Artemis program for a new crewed <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Moon landing</a> mission.<a href="#cite_note-Space.com1-373">[373]</a> The proposal also included a 12.5% increase for NASA's Earth Science Division, as well as a 22% increase for the <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, which operates a fleet of <a href="/wiki/Weather_satellite" title="Weather satellite">weather satellites</a>; both measures aimed to use space tools to study and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">mitigate climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BenderCustodio-371">[371]</a> On December 1, 2021, Biden announced his new framework for US space policy, the United States Space Priorities Framework, which explains Biden's approach for commercial, civil, and military space activity.<a href="#cite_note-The_White_House-2021-374">[374]</a> There is a new emphasis on combating climate change and investing in <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a> education.<a href="#cite_note-The_White_House-2021-374">[374]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Court">Supreme Court</h3></div> On July 29, 2024, Biden announced a plan to reform the Supreme Court of the United States. The plan called for three major changes. The first was an amendment to the Constitution, the No One Is Above the Law Amendment, which would eliminate immunity for presidents. This would effectively reverse the Supreme Court's decision in <a href="/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_(2024)" title="Trump v. United States (2024)">Trump v. United States</a>. Second, Biden laid out a plan for creating term limits for Supreme Court justices. Under his plan, every two years presidents would appoint justices to 18 year terms. Lastly, he pushed for "a binding code of conduct" to replace the Supreme Court's existing self-enforced ethics code.<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken#Foreign_policy_positions" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken § Foreign policy positions</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/International_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden.svg/310px-International_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/International_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden.svg/465px-International_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/International_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden.svg/620px-International_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>As of October 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Joe_Biden&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden">Biden had made 19 international trips</a> to 24 different countries during his presidency.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defense">Defense</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption>President Biden signs his first bill, H.R. 335.</figcaption></figure> On January 22, 2021, Biden signed his first bill,<a href="#cite_note-Hoffman-376">[376]</a> H.R. 335 into law, providing a waiver to the law preventing appointment of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> who had been on active duty in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">armed forces</a> within the past seven years;<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a> this was the third time such a waiver was granted by Congress. Retired army <a href="/wiki/Four-star_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-star rank">four-star</a> <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">general</a> <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> in a 93–2 vote that same day, making Austin the first <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> Defense Secretary.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman-376">[376]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_visits_the_Department_of_Defense_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Joe_Biden_visits_the_Department_of_Defense_%2801%29.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_visits_the_Department_of_Defense_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Joe_Biden_visits_the_Department_of_Defense_%2801%29.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_visits_the_Department_of_Defense_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Joe_Biden_visits_the_Department_of_Defense_%2801%29.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_visits_the_Department_of_Defense_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>President Biden delivers remarks at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>, February 2021.</figcaption></figure> Austin said his number one priority was to assist <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19</a> relief efforts, pledging he would "quickly review the Department's contributions to COVID-19 relief efforts, ensuring that we're doing everything that we can to help distribute vaccines across the country and to vaccinate our troops and preserve readiness."<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> On February 10, 2021, Biden visited <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> for the first time as president.<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> In remarks to service members alongside Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, Biden announced a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a>-led China task force "to provide a baseline assessment of department policies, programs and processes in regard to the challenge China poses."<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> On June 18, 2021, the administration removed eight <a href="/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot" title="MIM-104 Patriot">MIM-104 Patriot</a> anti-missile batteries from <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, removed the <a href="/wiki/THAAD" class="mw-redirect" title="THAAD">THAAD</a> anti-missile defense system from Saudi Arabia, and announced that most jet squadrons and hundreds of <a href="/wiki/American_troops" class="mw-redirect" title="American troops">American troops</a> would be withdrawn from the region. The changes come in light of both de-escalating tensions with Iran and the administration changing its focus on countering China.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> After taking office, Biden heavily restricted the use of <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">armed drones</a> and drone strikes.<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> After Biden's first year in office, drone strikes had hit a 20-year low and were heavily limited by the administration.<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:230929-D-LS763-1036_(53229051939).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/230929-D-LS763-1036_%2853229051939%29.jpg/220px-230929-D-LS763-1036_%2853229051939%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/230929-D-LS763-1036_%2853229051939%29.jpg/330px-230929-D-LS763-1036_%2853229051939%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/230929-D-LS763-1036_%2853229051939%29.jpg/440px-230929-D-LS763-1036_%2853229051939%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5243" data-file-height="3576" /></a><figcaption>Biden and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> at the welcoming ceremony for Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff <a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr." title="Charles Q. Brown Jr.">Charles Q. Brown Jr.</a> (left) on September 29, 2023. Outgoing chairman General <a href="/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley">Mark Milley</a> (right) and Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> (center-right) are present.</figcaption></figure> In October 2023, President Biden asked Congress for nearly $106 billion in funding for Israel, Ukraine, countering China in the Indo-Pacific, and operations on the southern U.S. border.<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> Biden signed a record $886 billion <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2024" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024">defense spending bill</a> into law on December 22, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3></div> Biden has said the U.S. needs to "get tough" on China and build "a united front of U.S. allies and partners to confront China's abusive behaviors and human rights violations."<a href="#cite_note-fore_Why_America-390">[390]</a> He described China as the "most serious competitor" that poses challenges on the "prosperity, security, and democratic values" of the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-whit_Remarks_by-391">[391]</a> Biden nominated <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> to serve as Secretary of State who took office on January 26, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-2021-393">[393]</a> During his nomination hearing, Blinken said that previous optimistic approaches to China were flawed,<a href="#cite_note-wsj._Blinken_Backs-394">[394]</a> and that Biden's predecessor, Donald Trump, "was right in taking a tougher approach to China" but he "disagree[s] very much with the way [Trump] went about it in a number of areas."<a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-2021-393">[393]</a> He endorsed former secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a>'s report that China is committing a <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">genocide against Uyghur Muslims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-2021-393">[393]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Chinese_State_Councilor_and_Foreign_Minister_Wang_(51647860110).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Chinese_State_Councilor_and_Foreign_Minister_Wang_%2851647860110%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Chinese_State_Councilor_and_Foreign_Minister_Wang_%2851647860110%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Chinese_State_Councilor_and_Foreign_Minister_Wang_%2851647860110%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Chinese_State_Councilor_and_Foreign_Minister_Wang_%2851647860110%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Chinese_State_Councilor_and_Foreign_Minister_Wang_%2851647860110%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_Chinese_State_Councilor_and_Foreign_Minister_Wang_%2851647860110%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8079" data-file-height="5386" /></a><figcaption>Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> meets with Chinese <a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councillor</a> and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a> on October 31, 2021.</figcaption></figure> In March 2021, Secretary of State Antony Blinken, <a href="/wiki/National_security_advisor" title="National security advisor">National Security Advisor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> and other administration officials met with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Politburo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Communist Party Politburo">Chinese Communist Party Politburo</a> member <a href="/wiki/Yang_Jiechi" title="Yang Jiechi">Yang Jiechi</a>, Chinese foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a>, and other Chinese officials in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> with heated exchanges on <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">China's human rights</a> abuses, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cyberwarfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese cyberwarfare">cyberattacks</a>, its threats against <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, its crackdown in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, and other issues of U.S. interest. The Chinese side countered: "The U.S. does not have the qualification to speak to China from a position of strength [and] does not serve as a model to others [and] China's development and strengthening is unstoppable."<a href="#cite_note-wsj._Bitter_Alaska-395">[395]</a><a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> reported that the Biden administration got "a taste of China's <a href="/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy" title="Wolf warrior diplomacy">'wolf warrior' diplomacy</a>" during the first meeting with its Chinese counterpart, which was "remarkably undiplomatic", adding "China's diplomats appeared more forceful than they had been in any public meeting during President Trump's term."<a href="#cite_note-wash_The_Biden-397">[397]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> published an article saying that the Biden team "flushed Beijing's true intentions out into the open for the world to see", quoting a senior administration official's comment that it is "increasingly difficult to argue that we don't know what China wants."<a href="#cite_note-thea_The_U.S.-398">[398]</a> In April 2021, it was reported that the Biden administration was rallying U.S. allies in consideration of a boycott of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. The U.S. Department of State spokesman <a href="/wiki/Ned_Price" title="Ned Price">Ned Price</a> told reporters that a joint boycott "is something that we certainly wish to discuss."<a href="#cite_note-cnbc_U.S.-399">[399]</a> In May 2021, the administration removed Chinese mobile manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a> from the Chinese military blacklist, reversing the previous administration's decision.<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> On June 3, 2021, Biden announced an <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14032" title="Executive Order 14032">executive order</a> that would come into effect from August 2, and ban Americans from investing into 59 Chinese firms, including <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>. Before it was announced, China said it would retaliate against it.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a> In October 2021, Biden said he is concerned about <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_flight" title="Hypersonic flight">Chinese hypersonic missiles</a>, days after China tested a <a href="/wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="China and weapons of mass destruction">nuclear-capable</a> hypersonic missile that circled the globe before speeding towards its target.<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> In December 2021, a coalition of Jewish organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Assembly" title="Rabbinical Assembly">Rabbinical Assembly</a>, issued an open letter to Biden urging additional action in response to what they describe as an Uyghur genocide.<a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_met_with_President_Xi_of_the_PRC_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/President_Biden_met_with_President_Xi_of_the_PRC_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg/220px-President_Biden_met_with_President_Xi_of_the_PRC_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/President_Biden_met_with_President_Xi_of_the_PRC_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg/330px-President_Biden_met_with_President_Xi_of_the_PRC_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/President_Biden_met_with_President_Xi_of_the_PRC_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg/440px-President_Biden_met_with_President_Xi_of_the_PRC_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>President Biden meets with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">Chinese President</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> at the G20 Summit on November 14, 2022.</figcaption></figure> In late January and early February 2023, U.S. and Canadian defense officials were tracking <a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident" title="2023 Chinese balloon incident">a China-operated high-altitude balloon</a> that had been seen hovering in North American <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lee-405">[405]</a> The balloon's first reported sighting was on February 1, 2023, when a commercial airliner reported flying in close proximity to it.<a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a> Biden ordered the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> to shoot down the balloon on February 4, on the possibility of it being a <a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a> device, when it was spotted over <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a> near <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>;<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a> at 2:39 p.m. that day, the balloon was downed by an <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor">F-22 Raptor</a> that had departed from <a href="/wiki/Langley_Air_Force_Base" title="Langley Air Force Base">Langley Air Force Base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hill-408">[408]</a> In response to the downing of the balloon, China admitted it belonged to them, but claimed the balloon was a <a href="/wiki/Weather_balloon" title="Weather balloon">weather device</a> that had been blown off course.<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a> Chinese officials accused the U.S. of indiscriminately using force against the civilian airship in violation of international law. The incident increased <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">tensions between the U.S. and China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a> On February 9, Biden stated that he did not believe that relations with China will be negatively affected by his decision to shoot down the balloon.<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a> The incident did prompt Secretary Blinken to delay a diplomatic visit to Beijing.<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3></div> On 18 September 2022, it was reported by Reuters that "Joe Biden said U.S forces would defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion, his most explicit statement on the issue, drawing an angry response from China that said it sent the wrong signal to those seeking an independent Taiwan." The policy was stated in contrast to Biden's previous exclusion of boots-on-the-ground and planes-in-the-air for U.S. support for Ukraine in its current conflict with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is empty. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Joe_Biden&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (September 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2020%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)">Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_with_President_Ashraf_Ghani_and_Chairman_Abdullah_Abdullah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Joe_Biden_with_President_Ashraf_Ghani_and_Chairman_Abdullah_Abdullah.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_with_President_Ashraf_Ghani_and_Chairman_Abdullah_Abdullah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Joe_Biden_with_President_Ashraf_Ghani_and_Chairman_Abdullah_Abdullah.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_with_President_Ashraf_Ghani_and_Chairman_Abdullah_Abdullah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Joe_Biden_with_President_Ashraf_Ghani_and_Chairman_Abdullah_Abdullah.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_with_President_Ashraf_Ghani_and_Chairman_Abdullah_Abdullah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Biden meeting with Afghan president <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a> and chairman <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Abdullah" title="Abdullah Abdullah">Abdullah Abdullah</a>, June 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm/250px--President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="141" data-durationhint="958" data-mwtitle="President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>President Biden delivers remarks on Afghanistan (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_by_President_Biden_on_the_Way_Forward_in_Afghanistan" class="extiw" title="s:Remarks by President Biden on the Way Forward in Afghanistan">transcript</a>).</figcaption></figure> In February 2020, the Trump administration <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" title="United States–Taliban deal">made a deal</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> to completely withdraw U.S. forces by May 1, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-images-414">[414]</a> In April 2021, President Biden formally announced that American troops would instead withdraw from Afghanistan by September 11, 2021, which would signal an end to the U.S.'s longest war.<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a> According to Princeton professor <a href="/wiki/Julian_E._Zelizer" title="Julian E. Zelizer">Julian E. Zelizer</a>, Biden "clearly learned a great deal from his time in the Obama presidency", and demonstrated that "he is a politician capable of learning and evolving, contrary to some of the skeptics in the primaries who thought he didn't understand how politics had changed." According to Washington Post journalist Steven Levingston, "Obama listened to military leaders who advised him that withdrawal would be a mistake. Biden, meanwhile, was the top administration official arguing for a much more limited role for American forces in Afghanistan. Later, Biden would go on to say that he could tell by Obama's 'body language' that he agreed with that assessment — even though he ultimately rejected it."<a href="#cite_note-Nazaryan_2021-416">[416]</a> Soon after the withdrawal of U.S. troops started, the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> launched an <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">offensive against the Afghan government</a>, quickly advancing in front of a collapsing <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Armed_Forces" title="Afghan Armed Forces">Afghan Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a> President Biden defended the withdrawal, saying "I trust the capacity of the Afghan military, who is better trained, better equipped and ... more competent in terms of conducting war."<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> By early July 2021, most of the American troops in Afghanistan were withdrawn.<a href="#cite_note-images-414">[414]</a> Biden addressed the withdrawal, stating that: "The likelihood there's going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely."<a href="#cite_note-images-414">[414]</a> On August 15, amid <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">an offensive by the Taliban</a>, the Afghan government collapsed, Afghan president <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a> fled the country and <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Kabul fell to the Taliban</a>.<a href="#cite_note-images-414">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-messy-420">[420]</a> Biden reacted by ordering 6,000 American troops to assist in the evacuation of American personnel and Afghan allies.<a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a> He has been criticized over the manner of the American withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-messy-420">[420]</a> On August 16, Biden addressed the "messy" situation, taking responsibility for it ("the buck stops with me"), and admitting that the situation "unfolded more quickly than we had anticipated".<a href="#cite_note-messy-420">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-buck1-422">[422]</a> He defended his decision to withdraw, saying that Americans should not be "dying in a war that Afghan forces are not willing to fight for themselves", since the "Afghan military collapsed [against the Taliban], sometimes without trying to fight".<a href="#cite_note-buck1-422">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-buck2-423">[423]</a> Biden partly attributed the lack of early evacuation of Afghan civilians to the Afghan government's opposition of a "mass exodus" which they thought would cause a "crisis of confidence".<a href="#cite_note-buck2-423">[423]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_are_briefed_by_their_national_security_team.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_are_briefed_by_their_national_security_team.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_are_briefed_by_their_national_security_team.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_are_briefed_by_their_national_security_team.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_are_briefed_by_their_national_security_team.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_are_briefed_by_their_national_security_team.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_are_briefed_by_their_national_security_team.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>President Biden discussing the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">fall of Kabul</a> with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a>, August 2021</figcaption></figure> On August 26, a <a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">suicide attack</a> was carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant - Khorasan Province</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamid Karzai International Airport">Hamid Karzai International Airport</a>, killing more than 170 people, including at least 62 Afghan civilians, 13 US service members, two British nationals and the child of a third British national.<a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> Biden made a public address after the attack, in which he honored the American service members who were killed, calling them "heroes" and saying they lost their lives "in the service of liberty", and stated that the US had evacuated more than 100,000 Americans, Afghans, and others. He expressed deep sorrow for the Afghan victims as well. Biden said to those who wished harm upon the US that "we will hunt you down and make you pay."<a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a> Biden received increasingly harsh criticism from both Republicans and Democrats in the US Congress, with Republicans calling for his resignation or for his impeachment.<a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a> After the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, the Biden administration <a href="/wiki/Afghan_frozen_assets" title="Afghan frozen assets">froze about $9 billion in assets</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Da_Afghanistan_Bank" title="Da Afghanistan Bank">Afghan central bank</a>, blocking the Taliban from accessing these billions of dollars in <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">reserves</a> held in U.S. bank accounts.<a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a><a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a> In February 2022, Biden signed an executive order that seeks to unfreeze approximately $3.5 billion of Afghan assets in the U.S. for the purpose of humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-433">[433]</a> On July 31, 2022, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaida" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaida">Al-Qaida</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> was killed in Kabul by <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">an American drone strike</a> approved by Biden.<a href="#cite_note-434">[434]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg/220px-President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg/330px-President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg/440px-President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>President Biden meeting with <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">Kenyan President</a> <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>, October 14, 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_and_South_African_President_Cyril_Ramaphosa_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/President_Joe_Biden_and_South_African_President_Cyril_Ramaphosa_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_and_South_African_President_Cyril_Ramaphosa_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/President_Joe_Biden_and_South_African_President_Cyril_Ramaphosa_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_and_South_African_President_Cyril_Ramaphosa_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/President_Joe_Biden_and_South_African_President_Cyril_Ramaphosa_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_and_South_African_President_Cyril_Ramaphosa_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>President Biden meeting with <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">South African President</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a>, September 16, 2022</figcaption></figure> Biden hosted a three-day U.S.-Africa summit in Washington in December 2022, attended by 49 African national leaders.<a href="#cite_note-AllInAfrica-435">[435]</a> The meeting was the first such summit since 2014.<a href="#cite_note-AllInAfrica-435">[435]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-436">[436]</a> The leaders of every <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">African nation in good standing</a> with the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> (AU), except <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, were invited to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-Walsh-436">[436]</a> The leaders of African nations not in good standing with the AU (mostly those who had come to power through <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">military coups</a>) were also not invited.<a href="#cite_note-Walsh-436">[436]</a> At the summit, Biden announced U.S. support for the AU joining the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> group of major economies, a long-sought goal for Africa.<a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a> The summit was part of a broader effort by the U.S. to rebuild U.S.-African relations and counter Chinese influence on the continent.<a href="#cite_note-AllInAfrica-435">[435]</a> During the summit, the administration announced $800 million in new deals with <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a> and Cybastion to combat cyberthreats targeting Africa, a bid to blunt the dominance of the Chinese firm <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Revitalize-438">[438]</a> The administration also signed a memorandum of understanding in support of the <a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a> to reduce <a href="/wiki/Trade_barrier" title="Trade barrier">trade barriers</a> in Africa,<a href="#cite_note-Revitalize-438">[438]</a> and committed $55 billion to Africa over the next three years, focused on preexisting U.S. initiatives,<a href="#cite_note-Revitalize-438">[438]</a><a href="#cite_note-AllInAfrica-435">[435]</a> such as the trade-focused Prosper Africa and <a href="/wiki/Africa_Growth_and_Opportunity_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa Growth and Opportunity Act">Africa Growth and Opportunity Act</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Power_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Africa">Power Africa</a> initiative, which aims to increase connections of Africans to the <a href="/wiki/Electric_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric grid">electric grid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AllInAfrica-435">[435]</a> The administration also emphasized initiatives in technology and cybersecurity, health, <a href="/wiki/Clean_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean energy">clean energy</a> and the environment, and other areas.<a href="#cite_note-Revitalize-438">[438]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-436">[436]</a> Biden committed an additional $2 billion for emergency humanitarian aid and $11 billion for <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a> programs in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Walsh-436">[436]</a> The administration also expanded ties with <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, including support for infrastructure improvements at the <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> seaport of <a href="/wiki/Cotonou" title="Cotonou">Cotonou</a>, a key part of the West African economy.<a href="#cite_note-AllInAfrica-435">[435]</a><a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a> Biden appointed a longtime U.S. diplomat, <a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Carson" title="Johnnie Carson">Johnnie Carson</a>, to coordinate implementation of U.S. actions following up the summit.<a href="#cite_note-Gardner-440">[440]</a> During the 2022 summit, Biden and senior administration officials also met privately with six African leaders facing elections in 2023, pushing them to ensure <a href="/wiki/Free_and_fair_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and fair elections">free and fair elections</a> in their nations.<a href="#cite_note-Gardner-440">[440]</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Menendez" title="Bob Menendez">Bob Menendez</a>, the Democratic chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, has criticized the Biden administration for hesitating to impose <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions" title="United States sanctions">sanctions</a> on the governments of <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, where many atrocities and <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes in the Tigray War">war crimes</a> were committed in the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_genocide">Armenian genocide</h3></div> On April 24, 2021, the Biden administration declared that the Turkish killings of Armenians at the start of the 20th century were a <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>. He is the first U.S. president to ever officially recognize the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americans_detained_abroad">Americans detained abroad</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_greet_journalist_Alsu_Kurmasheva_at_Joint_Base_Andrews,_Maryland,_Thursday,_August_1,_2024,_after_her_release_in_a_prisoner_swap_with_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_greet_journalist_Alsu_Kurmasheva_at_Joint_Base_Andrews%2C_Maryland%2C_Thursday%2C_August_1%2C_2024%2C_after_her_release_in_a_prisoner_swap_with_Russia.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_greet_journalist_Alsu_Kurmasheva_at_Joint_Base_Andrews%2C_Maryland%2C_Thursday%2C_August_1%2C_2024%2C_after_her_release_in_a_prisoner_swap_with_Russia.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_greet_journalist_Alsu_Kurmasheva_at_Joint_Base_Andrews%2C_Maryland%2C_Thursday%2C_August_1%2C_2024%2C_after_her_release_in_a_prisoner_swap_with_Russia.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>President Biden and Vice President Harris greet <a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian American</a> journalist <a href="/wiki/Alsu_Kurmasheva" title="Alsu Kurmasheva">Alsu Kurmasheva</a> on August 1, 2024, after her release in a <a href="/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange" title="2024 Ankara prisoner exchange">prisoner swap with Russia</a>.</figcaption></figure> In July 2022, President Biden signed an executive order aimed at deterring the wrongful detention of Americans abroad.<a href="#cite_note-443">[443]</a> According to an estimate by The James W. Foley Legacy Foundation, there are at least 67 <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_people_imprisoned_abroad" title="List of American people imprisoned abroad">U.S. citizens who are currently imprisoned abroad</a>. The foundation further estimates that 90% of those are wrongly detained by foreign governments hostile to the U.S., including <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-Guarino-2022-444">[444]</a> Dozens of families of Americans who are detained abroad say President Biden has failed to adequately address the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-Guarino-2022-444">[444]</a> They formed a group called "<a href="/wiki/Bring_Our_Families_Home" title="Bring Our Families Home">Bring Our Families Home</a> Campaign" to pressure Biden to do more.<a href="#cite_note-445">[445]</a> In September 2023, President Biden reached a deal to release five prisoners held by Iran. In exchange, $6 billion of frozen Iranian assets were released.<a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a> The U.S. said the unfrozen money would be held in restricted accounts so that it could only be spent on humanitarian goods such as food and medicine.<a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a> In August 2024, President Biden <a href="/wiki/2024_Russian_prisoner_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Russian prisoner exchange">reached a deal</a> to secure the largest <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_exchange" title="Prisoner exchange">prisoner exchange</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-2024-448">[448]</a> The exchange included the release of Americans <a href="/wiki/Evan_Gershkovich" title="Evan Gershkovich">Evan Gershkovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whelan_(security_director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Whelan (security director)">Paul Whelan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alsu_Kurmasheva" title="Alsu Kurmasheva">Alsu Kurmasheva</a>; thirteen others from Russia and Belarus; and Russians held by the U.S., Slovenia, Norway, Poland, and Germany.<a href="#cite_note-449">[449]</a> Turkey and Estonia were also involved in the deal.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-2024-448">[448]</a> Biden stressed the importance of alliances on the world stage by describing the achievement as "a powerful example of why it’s vital to have friends in this world."<a href="#cite_note-450">[450]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quad_and_the_Indo-Pacific_region">Quad and the Indo-Pacific region</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20210924AS-1147-2_(51707173079).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg/220px-P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg/330px-P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg/440px-P20210924AS-1147-2_%2851707173079%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption>President Biden hosted the Quad meeting at the White House, September 24, 2021.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fumio_Kishida_and_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_at_Camp_David_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fumio_Kishida_and_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_at_Camp_David_4.jpg/220px-Fumio_Kishida_and_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_at_Camp_David_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fumio_Kishida_and_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_at_Camp_David_4.jpg/330px-Fumio_Kishida_and_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_at_Camp_David_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fumio_Kishida_and_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_at_Camp_David_4.jpg/440px-Fumio_Kishida_and_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_at_Camp_David_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>President Biden hosted the <a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Japanese%E2%80%93Korean_trilateral_pact" title="American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact">American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact</a> at <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>, August 18, 2023.</figcaption></figure> In March 2021, Biden held a virtual meeting with leaders of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, an alliance of countries known as the <a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">Quadrilateral Security Dialogue</a>, or the Quad, that work together to address China's expansionism in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-wsj._Biden_Meets-451">[451]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj._U.S._India-452">[452]</a> A few days later, the administration officials, including secretary of state Antony Blinken and secretary of defense Lloyd Austin, met with U.S. allies in Asia and imposed sanctions on senior Chinese officials.<a href="#cite_note-npr._Blinken_Austin-453">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj._Bitter_Alaska-395">[395]</a> Austin also visited India to deepen the defense ties between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-wsj._U.S._India-452">[452]</a> In September 2021, Biden hosted the first in-person meeting of Quad at the White House.<a href="#cite_note-454">[454]</a> On May 23, 2022, Biden launched the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_Economic_Framework_for_Prosperity" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity">Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity</a> (IPEF) to counter growing Chinese economic and political influence in the Indo-Pacific region. At the time of its launch, the IPEF had 12 partners including Australia, Brunei, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-455">[455]</a> In response, China described the proposed grouping as a "closed and exclusive club". National Security Adviser <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> defended the IPEF by highlighting the diverse nature of the grouping's membership.<a href="#cite_note-456">[456]</a><a href="#cite_note-457">[457]</a> In November 2023, under pressure from Congressional Democrats, the Biden administration halted plans for the IPEF's trade component.<a href="#cite_note-458">[458]</a><a href="#cite_note-459">[459]</a> In August 2022, the Biden administration announced that it will be hosting the <a href="/wiki/US%E2%80%93Pacific_Island_Country_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="US–Pacific Island Country Summit">US–Pacific Island Country Summit</a> in September 2022 which will coincide with the week of the <a href="/wiki/Seventy-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Seventy-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">seventy-seventh session</a> of the United Nations General Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-460">[460]</a> On August 18, 2023, Biden hosted Japanese prime minister <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> and South Korean president <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a> at <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>. The meeting, amid a period of strained <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Japan–South Korea relations">Japan–South Korea relations</a>, resulted in the <a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Japanese%E2%80%93Korean_trilateral_pact" title="American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact">Camp David Principles</a> relating to joint military exercises, preventing <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a> disruptions, and united criticism of North Korea, Russia, and China.<a href="#cite_note-461">[461]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin_in_Switzerland_2021_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Putin_in_Switzerland_2021_10.jpg/220px-Putin_in_Switzerland_2021_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Putin_in_Switzerland_2021_10.jpg/330px-Putin_in_Switzerland_2021_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Putin_in_Switzerland_2021_10.jpg/440px-Putin_in_Switzerland_2021_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Biden and Russian president Vladimir Putin at the <a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a> in Geneva, Switzerland</figcaption></figure> On the day of Biden's inauguration, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian government">Russian government</a> urged the new U.S. administration to take a "more constructive" approach in talks over the extension of the 2010 <a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a> treaty, the sole remaining agreement limiting the number of U.S. and Russian <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons" title="List of states with nuclear weapons">long-range nuclear warheads</a>.<a href="#cite_note-462">[462]</a> In Biden's first telephone call as president with <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, on January 26, 2021, Biden and Putin agreed to extend the New START treaty (which was set to expire in February 2021) by an additional five years.<a href="#cite_note-463">[463]</a> Biden and his administration condemned human rights violations by the Russian authorities, calling for the release of detained dissident and anti-corruption activist <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a>, his wife, and the thousands of Russians who had <a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_protests" title="2021 Russian protests">demonstrated in his support</a>; the U.S. called for the unconditional release of Navalny and the protestors and a credible investigation into <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Alexei_Navalny" title="Poisoning of Alexei Navalny">Navalny's poisoning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-464">[464]</a><a href="#cite_note-465">[465]</a><a href="#cite_note-466">[466]</a> On March 2, 2021, the U.S. and European Union imposed coordinated additional sanctions on Russian officials, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">FSB</a> and <a href="/wiki/GRU_(G.U.)" class="mw-redirect" title="GRU (G.U.)">GRU</a>, over Navalny's poisoning and imprisonment. The State Department also expanded existing sanctions from the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act that had been imposed after the poisoning of Skripal.<a href="#cite_note-Hansler-467">[467]</a> The Biden administration is also planning to impose sanctions against Russia because of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach" title="2020 United States federal government data breach">2020 SolarWinds cyberespionage campaign</a>, which compromised the computer systems of nine federal agencies.<a href="#cite_note-PreparingtoSanction-468">[468]</a> Biden's national security adviser <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> said the response "will include a mix of tools seen and unseen, and it will not simply be sanctions."<a href="#cite_note-PreparingtoSanction-468">[468]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hansler-467">[467]</a> The Biden administration's comprehensive review into Russian activities has included an examination of <a href="/wiki/Russian_bounty_program" title="Russian bounty program">reports that the Russian government offered bounties</a> to kill U.S. troops in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-469">[469]</a><a href="#cite_note-470">[470]</a> The Biden administration said intelligence community has only "low to moderate" confidence in reports due to the fact that the bounty reports originated from "detainee reporting and because of the difficult operating environment in Afghanistan."<a href="#cite_note-471">[471]</a><a href="#cite_note-472">[472]</a> Biden called Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> a "killer" in an ABC News interview, and said that Russia would pay a price for election meddling.<a href="#cite_note-473">[473]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm/220px--President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="1358" data-mwtitle="President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm/President_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm&lang=ca&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ca" label="català ‪(ca)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Biden_on_2022_Russia_invasion.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>President Biden delivers remarks on Russia's invasion of Ukraine.</figcaption></figure> On May 19, 2021, the Biden administration lifted <a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">CAATSA sanctions</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a> pipeline project between Russia and Germany. Despite Biden's personal opposition to the project, the U.S. State Department says that it concluded that it was in the "U.S. national interest" to waive the sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-NordStream2-474">[474]</a> Russian deputy foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Ryabkov" title="Sergei Ryabkov">Sergei Ryabkov</a> welcomed the move as "a chance for a gradual transition toward the normalization of our bilateral ties."<a href="#cite_note-NordStream2-474">[474]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg/220px-President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg/330px-President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg/440px-President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Biden visits <a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_refugee_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis">Ukrainian refugees</a> in Warsaw, Poland, March 2022.</figcaption></figure> On June 16, 2021, <a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">Biden met with Putin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland. The two presidents discussed a number of topics, including stable policy on climate change, nuclear proliferation, and cybersecurity. Russia's activities regarding <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, and nationals jailed in each other's countries. The summit was significantly shorter than expected, only lasting three and a half of the predicted five hours.<a href="#cite_note-475">[475]</a> Putin praised Biden as a knowledgeable and shrewd negotiator the next day.<a href="#cite_note-476">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-477">[477]</a> In November 2021, Putin stated that an <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">expansion of NATO's presence in Ukraine</a>, especially the deployment of any <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">long-range missiles</a> capable of striking Russian cities or <a href="/wiki/United_States_national_missile_defense" title="United States national missile defense">missile defense systems</a> similar to those in Romania and Poland, would be a "red line" issue for Russia.<a href="#cite_note-478">[478]</a><a href="#cite_note-479">[479]</a> In December 2021, Putin asked President Joe Biden for legal guarantees that NATO wouldn't expand eastward or put "weapons systems that threaten us in close vicinity to Russian territory."<a href="#cite_note-480">[480]</a> The U.S. and NATO have rejected Putin's demands.<a href="#cite_note-481">[481]</a><a href="#cite_note-482">[482]</a> On February 24, 2022, Biden condemned <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)">Russia's invasion of Ukraine</a>, saying Putin "chose this war" and calling him "the aggressor". He announced new sanctions against Russia.<a href="#cite_note-483">[483]</a> On February 25, the White House announced the US would personally sanction Putin and foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-484">[484]</a> On February 28, the Biden administration announced sanctions against <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Russia's central bank</a>, prohibiting Americans from doing business with the bank and freezing the bank's assets.<a href="#cite_note-485">[485]</a> On March 29, 2022, Biden appeared to heighten his condemnation concerning Putin made at the end of his NATO trip to Europe, stating that he makes "no apologies" for previously stating that "Putin cannot remain in power".<a href="#cite_note-486">[486]</a> On April 12, he called the war a "genocide".<a href="#cite_note-487">[487]</a> Biden criticized the Kremlin for "idle comments" on the possible use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-488">[488]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20230219AS-0395_1_(52735093014).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/P20230219AS-0395_1_%2852735093014%29.jpg/220px-P20230219AS-0395_1_%2852735093014%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/P20230219AS-0395_1_%2852735093014%29.jpg/330px-P20230219AS-0395_1_%2852735093014%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/P20230219AS-0395_1_%2852735093014%29.jpg/440px-P20230219AS-0395_1_%2852735093014%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Biden with his National Security Adviser <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a>, February 19, 2023</figcaption></figure> On April 28, Biden asked Congress for an additional $33 billion to assist Ukraine, including $20 billion to provide weapons to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-489">[489]</a> On May 10, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House</a> passed legislation that would provide $40 billion in new aid to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-490">[490]</a> The New York Times reported that the United States provided real-time battlefield <a href="/wiki/Targeting_(warfare)" title="Targeting (warfare)">targeting</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">intelligence</a> to Ukraine that helped Ukrainian forces kill Russian generals and sink the Russian warship <a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Moskva" title="Russian cruiser Moskva">Moskva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-491">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-492">[492]</a> The Biden administration has pledged to help the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC) to prosecute Putin and others for war crimes committed during the invasion of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-493">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-494">[494]</a> On September 27, 2022, White House press secretary <a href="/wiki/Karine_Jean-Pierre" title="Karine Jean-Pierre">Karine Jean-Pierre</a> encouraged Russian men fleeing their home country to avoid being drafted to apply for <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">asylum in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-495">[495]</a> In early 2023, the Biden administration resumed deportations of Russians who <a href="/wiki/Russian_emigration_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian emigration following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">had fled Russia</a> because of <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">mobilization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws" title="Russian 2022 war censorship laws">political persecution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-496">[496]</a> In January 2024, the Biden administration rejected Putin's proposal for a <a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">ceasefire in Ukraine</a>. Biden's National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> informed Putin's foreign policy adviser <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Ushakov" title="Yuri Ushakov">Yuri Ushakov</a> that the United States would not discuss a ceasefire without Ukraine's participation.<a href="#cite_note-497">[497]</a><a href="#cite_note-498">[498]</a> On May 30, 2024, Biden gave Ukraine permission to <a href="/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">strike targets inside Russia</a> using American-supplied weapons.<a href="#cite_note-499">[499]</a> Biden said "They are authorized to be used in proximity to the border. We are not authorizing strikes 200 miles into Russia."<a href="#cite_note-500">[500]</a> On August 9, 2024, a convoy of Russian troops in the <a href="/wiki/Kursk_Oblast" title="Kursk Oblast">Kursk Oblast</a> of Russia was <a href="/wiki/August_2024_Kursk_Oblast_incursion" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion">destroyed</a> in a strike by U.S.-supplied <a href="/wiki/M142_HIMARS" title="M142 HIMARS">HIMARS</a> rocket system in what Russian milbloggers described as one of the bloodiest attacks of the entire war.<a href="#cite_note-501">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-502">[502]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20230220AS-1884_(52777914370).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/P20230220AS-1884_%2852777914370%29.jpg/220px-P20230220AS-1884_%2852777914370%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/P20230220AS-1884_%2852777914370%29.jpg/330px-P20230220AS-1884_%2852777914370%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/P20230220AS-1884_%2852777914370%29.jpg/440px-P20230220AS-1884_%2852777914370%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Biden with Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> in Kyiv, Ukraine, February 20, 2023</figcaption></figure> In February 2022, amid <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">rising tensions</a> between Ukraine and Russia, the Biden administration faced questions for its year-long failure to nominate an ambassador to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-503">[503]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> instigated significant and substantial support to Ukraine during the Biden presidency including two dozen military aid packages to assist them against the invasion. On 28 October 2022 <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> announced the 24th presidential drawdown of materiel worth $275 million; the security assistance has totaled $18.5 billion to Ukraine since January 2021.<a href="#cite_note-stripes28Oct22-504">[504]</a> The aid includes 500 Excalibur precision-guided 155mm artillery rounds, 2000 155mm remote anti-armor mine systems, more than 1,300 anti-armor weapons, more than 2.75 million rounds of small arms ammunition, more HIMARS rockets, 125 <a href="/wiki/HMMWV" class="mw-redirect" title="HMMWV">Humvees</a>, and four satellite communications antennas for Ukraine's <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">command and control</a> systems, as well as training for operation of the <a href="/wiki/NASAMS" title="NASAMS">NASAMS</a> units.<a href="#cite_note-nasamsImminent-505">[a]</a> Two NASAMS units arrived in Ukraine on 7 November 2022.<a href="#cite_note-stripes28Oct22-504">[504]</a><a href="#cite_note-2nasams-506">[505]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasams16Nov22-510">[b]</a> On February 20, 2023, four days before the one-year anniversary of the start of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Biden <a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">visited</a> Kyiv and met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_Ukraine" title="First Lady of Ukraine">First Lady of Ukraine</a> <a href="/wiki/Olena_Zelenska" title="Olena Zelenska">Olena Zelenska</a>.<a href="#cite_note-511">[509]</a> While there, Biden affirmed more military aid to Ukraine and denounced the war.<a href="#cite_note-512">[510]</a> The trip was unannounced, and involved major security coordinations to ensure safety.<a href="#cite_note-513">[511]</a> In 2022, Congress approved more than $112 billion in aid to Ukraine. In October 2023, the Biden administration requested $61.4 billion more in aid for Ukraine for the year ahead.<a href="#cite_note-514">[512]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_with_E3%2B1_at_G20_(51647795215).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/President_Biden_with_E3%2B1_at_G20_%2851647795215%29.jpg/220px-President_Biden_with_E3%2B1_at_G20_%2851647795215%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/President_Biden_with_E3%2B1_at_G20_%2851647795215%29.jpg/330px-President_Biden_with_E3%2B1_at_G20_%2851647795215%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/President_Biden_with_E3%2B1_at_G20_%2851647795215%29.jpg/440px-President_Biden_with_E3%2B1_at_G20_%2851647795215%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6722" data-file-height="4481" /></a><figcaption>President Biden with European leaders at the <a href="/wiki/2021_G20_Rome_summit" title="2021 G20 Rome summit">G20 summit</a> in Rome, Italy, October 30, 2021</figcaption></figure> President Biden promised to repair "strained" relationships with European allies in contrast to his predecessor Trump. "An attack on one is an attack on all. That is our unshakeable vow," Biden said, referring to <a href="/wiki/Article_5_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty">Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty</a> (the mutual defense clause).<a href="#cite_note-515">[513]</a> Biden pledged support for the European project and for Ukraine's sovereignty as well as the need for global cooperation on fighting the pandemic and climate change.<a href="#cite_note-516">[514]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="President Biden and French President Macron stand in front of a villa in Rome, where they met each other to discuss the nuclear deal between Australia, the US and the UK." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/President_Joe_Biden_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/President_Joe_Biden_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/President_Joe_Biden_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_with_French_President_Emmanuel_Macron_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>President Biden and French President Macron meeting in Rome, October 29, 2021</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="France–United States relations">U.S. relations with France</a> deteriorated in September 2021 due to fallout from the <a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a> security pact between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, which aimed to counter Chinese power in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region. As part of the agreement, the U.S. agreed to provide <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-powered_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear-powered submarine">nuclear-powered submarines</a> to Australia. After entering into the agreement, the Australian government canceled an agreement that it had made with France for the <a href="/wiki/Attack-class_submarine" title="Attack-class submarine">provision of French conventionally powered submarines</a>. The deal angered the French government, which recalled its ambassador to the U.S. (<a href="/wiki/Philippe_%C3%89tienne" title="Philippe Étienne">Philippe Étienne</a>) as well as the ambassador to Australia. Amid the diplomatic row, the French Foreign Ministry contended that it had been subjected to "duplicity, disdain and lies"<a href="#cite_note-517">[515]</a><a href="#cite_note-518">[516]</a> and French foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Jean-Yves Le Drian</a> called the deal a "stab in the back".<a href="#cite_note-519">[517]</a> In a conciliatory call a few days later, Biden and French president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> agreed to reduce bilateral tensions, and the White House acknowledged the crisis could have been averted if there had been open consultations between allies.<a href="#cite_note-520">[518]</a> A month later, Biden met Macron, telling him his administration was "clumsy" and that he was "under the impression that France had been informed long before" that France's deal with Australia was "not going through".<a href="#cite_note-521">[519]</a> In July 2024, the Biden administration announced its intention to deploy <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic missiles">long-range missiles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> beginning in 2026. In response, Russian president Putin warned of a <a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Cold War</a>-style missile crisis and threatened to deploy long-range missiles within striking distance of the West.<a href="#cite_note-522">[520]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-missiles-523">[521]</a> US weapons in Germany would include <a href="/wiki/RIM-174_Standard_ERAM" title="RIM-174 Standard ERAM">SM-6</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile_family)" title="Tomahawk (missile family)">Tomahawk</a> cruise missiles and <a href="/wiki/Long-Range_Hypersonic_Weapon" title="Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon">hypersonic weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-missiles-523">[521]</a> The United States' decision to deploy long-range missiles in Germany has been compared to the deployment of <a href="/wiki/Pershing_II" title="Pershing II">Pershing II</a> launchers in Western Europe in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera-cold_war-524">[522]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-missiles-523">[521]</a> Critics say the move would trigger a new <a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">arms race</a>.<a href="#cite_note-525">[523]</a> According to Russian military analysts, it would be extremely difficult to distinguish between a conventionally armed missile and a missile carrying a nuclear warhead, and Russia could respond by deploying longer-range nuclear systems targeting Germany.<a href="#cite_note-526">[524]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_and_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_at_the_March_2022_NATO_or_G7_special_meeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Joe_Biden_and_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_at_the_March_2022_NATO_or_G7_special_meeting.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_and_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_at_the_March_2022_NATO_or_G7_special_meeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Joe_Biden_and_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_at_the_March_2022_NATO_or_G7_special_meeting.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_and_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_at_the_March_2022_NATO_or_G7_special_meeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Joe_Biden_and_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_at_the_March_2022_NATO_or_G7_special_meeting.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_and_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_at_the_March_2022_NATO_or_G7_special_meeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>President Biden with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">European Commission President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> at a special meeting with <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, March 24, 2022</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_and_Jens_Stoltenberg_on_Day_1_of_the_2022_Madrid_Summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Joe_Biden_and_Jens_Stoltenberg_on_Day_1_of_the_2022_Madrid_Summit.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_and_Jens_Stoltenberg_on_Day_1_of_the_2022_Madrid_Summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Joe_Biden_and_Jens_Stoltenberg_on_Day_1_of_the_2022_Madrid_Summit.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_and_Jens_Stoltenberg_on_Day_1_of_the_2022_Madrid_Summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Joe_Biden_and_Jens_Stoltenberg_on_Day_1_of_the_2022_Madrid_Summit.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_and_Jens_Stoltenberg_on_Day_1_of_the_2022_Madrid_Summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>President Biden with <a href="/wiki/NATO_Secretary_General" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Secretary General">NATO Secretary General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">2022 NATO Summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, June 29, 2022</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3></div> The Biden administration has expressed interest in re-engaging with <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a>. Biden's predecessor, President Trump, withdrew from the deal in 2018, resulting in swift backlash from international community.<a href="#cite_note-527">[525]</a><a href="#cite_note-528">[526]</a> Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> said the U.S. would be interested in re-entering the agreement so long as Iran shows "strict compliance".<a href="#cite_note-529">[527]</a> Blinken did not rule out a military intervention to stop Iran from obtaining <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons" title="List of states with nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-530">[528]</a><a href="#cite_note-531">[529]</a> On February 25, 2021, President Biden ordered retaliatory airstrikes on buildings in Syria that the Department of Defense said were used by Iranian-backed militias to carry out rocket attacks on U.S. targets in Iraq. The operation was the first known use of military force by the Biden administration.<a href="#cite_note-532">[530]</a> The attacks prompted condemnation from many Democratic members of Congress. Senator <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> of Virginia questioned the administration's "legal justification for acting without coming to Congress." Representative <a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Ro Khanna</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a>) claimed that "the Administration should have sought Congressional authorization."<a href="#cite_note-533">[531]</a> In July 2022, Biden met with Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a> to discuss the Iran nuclear deal and said that he continued to favor diplomacy. Lapid, however, expressed that only military threat would deter Iran from pursuing a nuclear program.<a href="#cite_note-534">[532]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myanmar">Myanmar</h3></div> On February 1, 2021, Biden condemned the <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">Myanmar coup d'état</a> and called for the release of detained officials. Biden also left open the door to re-imposing sanctions on the country, saying in a statement that "[t]he United States removed sanctions on Burma over the past decade based on progress toward democracy. The reversal of that progress will necessitate an immediate review of our sanction laws and authorities, followed by appropriate action."<a href="#cite_note-535">[533]</a> On March 5, 2021, Biden imposed sanctions on Myanmar's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(Myanmar)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (Myanmar)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Myanmar)" title="Ministry of Defence (Myanmar)">Ministry of Defence</a> and certain junta conglomerates.<a href="#cite_note-536">[534]</a> On March 22, 2021, Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced sanctions on several military generals in response to a violent crackdown on peaceful protests.<a href="#cite_note-537">[535]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_and_Boris_Johnson,_10_June_2021_(51267665037).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Joe_Biden_and_Boris_Johnson%2C_10_June_2021_%2851267665037%29.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_and_Boris_Johnson%2C_10_June_2021_%2851267665037%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Joe_Biden_and_Boris_Johnson%2C_10_June_2021_%2851267665037%29.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_and_Boris_Johnson%2C_10_June_2021_%2851267665037%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Joe_Biden_and_Boris_Johnson%2C_10_June_2021_%2851267665037%29.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_and_Boris_Johnson%2C_10_June_2021_%2851267665037%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Biden and British prime minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></figcaption></figure> Biden has reiterated his commitment to maintaining peace in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> by resisting the possibility of a hard border as a result of <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>. When asked by <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a> in March 2021 about comments made by Irish foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a> that the UK "cannot be trusted" on the Northern Ireland protocol, White House press secretary <a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a> said that "President Biden has been unequivocal about his support for the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a>." As part of his own Irish-American heritage, Psaki said that Biden "has a special place in his heart for the Irish", underpinning his commitment to Northern Ireland's peace.<a href="#cite_note-538">[536]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia_and_Yemen">Saudi Arabia and Yemen</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:210706-D-XI929-1010_(51294433446).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/210706-D-XI929-1010_%2851294433446%29.jpg/220px-210706-D-XI929-1010_%2851294433446%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/210706-D-XI929-1010_%2851294433446%29.jpg/330px-210706-D-XI929-1010_%2851294433446%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/210706-D-XI929-1010_%2851294433446%29.jpg/440px-210706-D-XI929-1010_%2851294433446%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6514" data-file-height="4343" /></a><figcaption>Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> and Saudi Arabia's deputy minister of defense Prince <a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud">Khalid bin Salman</a>, July 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_and_Saudi_Crown_Prince_July_2022.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/75/President_Joe_Biden_and_Saudi_Crown_Prince_July_2022.webp/220px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Saudi_Crown_Prince_July_2022.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/75/President_Joe_Biden_and_Saudi_Crown_Prince_July_2022.webp/330px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Saudi_Crown_Prince_July_2022.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/75/President_Joe_Biden_and_Saudi_Crown_Prince_July_2022.webp/440px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Saudi_Crown_Prince_July_2022.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and Saudi crown prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a> bumps fist at Al-Salam Palace in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, in July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-539">[537]</a></figcaption></figure> Biden ordered a halt in the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">arms sales to Saudi Arabia</a> and the United Arab Emirates which the Trump administration had previously agreed to.<a href="#cite_note-540">[538]</a> Two years after <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi's assassination</a>, Avril Haines, the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> under Biden's administration, announced that the intelligence report into the case against the Saudi government would be declassified. It was reported that Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a> would be blamed for the murder, as was concluded by the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-541">[539]</a> On February 4, 2021, the Biden administration announced that the U.S. was ending <a href="/wiki/U.S._support_for_Saudi-led_operations_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. support for Saudi-led operations in Yemen">its support</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led bombing campaign</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. President Biden in his first visit to the State Department as president said "this war has to end" and that the conflict has created "a humanitarian and strategic catastrophe".<a href="#cite_note-542">[540]</a> However, the details of the end of American involvement in the war have yet to be released as of April 2021.<a href="#cite_note-543">[541]</a> In September 2021, Biden's national security adviser <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> met in Saudi Arabia with Crown Prince Bin Salman to discuss the <a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">high oil prices</a>.<a href="#cite_note-544">[542]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2021_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 global energy crisis">record-high energy prices</a> were driven by a global surge in demand as the world quit the economic recession caused by COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-545">[543]</a><a href="#cite_note-546">[544]</a> The Biden administration was pressed on potential oil deals with Saudi Arabia, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> that would have them increase their <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_production" title="List of countries by oil production">oil production</a>.<a href="#cite_note-547">[545]</a><a href="#cite_note-548">[546]</a> However, so far, Saudi Arabia and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> have declined requests from the US.<a href="#cite_note-549">[547]</a><a href="#cite_note-550">[548]</a> As a presidential candidate, Joe Biden had vowed to make the Saudis "pay the price" and make them a "pariah" state, citing the Kingdom's involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi">assassination of Jamal Khashoggi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-551">[549]</a> But, in June 2022, the White House confirmed that Biden was to visit Saudi Arabia and meet Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a>, during his <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> trip in July.<a href="#cite_note-F24-15-06-2022-552">[550]</a><a href="#cite_note-553">[551]</a> The announcement came after <a href="/wiki/2021-2022_inflation_surge#North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="2021-2022 inflation surge">inflation in the US rose to a 40-year high</a>.<a href="#cite_note-554">[552]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> also had an impact on the oil and gas prices in the US. Biden repeatedly appealed to the Saudis to increase oil production, but the Kingdom turned down such requests.<a href="#cite_note-WP-03-06-2022-555">[553]</a> Biden's planned visit was seen as a move to seek Saudi assistance to ease the oil and gas prices at home.<a href="#cite_note-F24-15-06-2022-552">[550]</a><a href="#cite_note-556">[554]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_activists" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights activists">human rights activists</a> and Democratic lawmakers warned Biden that the visit could send signals to Saudi that their horrific human rights violations could be exempted.<a href="#cite_note-F24-15-06-2022-552">[550]</a> Saudi <a href="/wiki/Dissidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissidents">dissidents</a> living in the US said that as Saudi activists who were wronged by Prince Mohammed, they "feel betrayed by Biden".<a href="#cite_note-WP-03-06-2022-555">[553]</a> Son of <a href="/wiki/Saad_Aljabri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saad Aljabri">Saad Aljabri</a>, Khalid AlJabri said Biden's meeting with MbS would be "equivalent of a presidential pardon for murder".<a href="#cite_note-557">[555]</a> Democratic representative <a href="/wiki/Adam_Schiff" title="Adam Schiff">Adam Schiff</a> also criticized the visit saying, "I wouldn't go. I wouldn't shake his hand. This is someone who butchered an American resident, cut him up into pieces and in the most terrible and premeditated way."<a href="#cite_note-558">[556]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg/220px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg/330px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg/440px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3876" data-file-height="2280" /></a><figcaption>Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> and foreign ministers of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a> member states in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, April 19, 2024</figcaption></figure> On 10 July 2022, president Biden defended his trip to Saudi Arabia, saying humans rights were on his agenda.<a href="#cite_note-559">[557]</a> In an <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a>, he wrote that he aims to "reorient and not rupture relations with a country that's been a strategic partner for 80 years", and that Saudi Arabia has helped to restore unity among the six countries of <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a> and has fully supported the truce in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)">Yemen war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-560">[558]</a> Ahead of Biden's visit to Saudi Arabia, reports revealed that the Biden administration could possibly lift a ban on sales of <a href="/wiki/Offensive_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Offensive weapons">Offensive weapons</a> to Riyadh. However, U.S. national security adviser <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> they were focused on a "real ceasefire", and on Saudi efforts to end the war.<a href="#cite_note-561">[559]</a> After the meeting with Saudi officials, Biden announced that the Kingdom committed to extend the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_peace_process" title="Yemeni peace process">truce in Yemen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-562">[560]</a> On 2 August 2022, the State Department approved the potential sale of 300 MIM-104E Guidance Enhanced Missile-Tactical Ballistic Missiles (GEM-T) for the <a href="/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot" title="MIM-104 Patriot">Patriot missile defense system</a> to Saudi Arabia. It also approved support equipment, spares and technical support to the Arab nation. In addition, the State Department also approved the potential sale of 96 <a href="/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense" title="Terminal High Altitude Area Defense">Terminal High Altitude Area Defense</a> (THAAD) missile defense system interceptors and support equipment to the UAE.<a href="#cite_note-563">[561]</a><a href="#cite_note-564">[562]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> said the US should suspend sales of both offensive and defensive arms to Saudi Arabia and the UAE, which have used American weapons in unlawful airstrikes. HRW said a policy reversal by the US could lead to added rights violations in Yemen.<a href="#cite_note-565">[563]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Holds_a_Press_Availability_With_Israeli_Alternate_Prime_Minister_and_Foreign_Minister_Yair_Lapid_and_United_Arab_Emirates_Foreign_Minister_Sheikh_Abdullah_Bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_(51584207427).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Secretary_Blinken_Holds_a_Press_Availability_With_Israeli_Alternate_Prime_Minister_and_Foreign_Minister_Yair_Lapid_and_United_Arab_Emirates_Foreign_Minister_Sheikh_Abdullah_Bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_%2851584207427%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Secretary_Blinken_Holds_a_Press_Availability_With_Israeli_Alternate_Prime_Minister_and_Foreign_Minister_Yair_Lapid_and_United_Arab_Emirates_Foreign_Minister_Sheikh_Abdullah_Bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_%2851584207427%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Secretary_Blinken_Holds_a_Press_Availability_With_Israeli_Alternate_Prime_Minister_and_Foreign_Minister_Yair_Lapid_and_United_Arab_Emirates_Foreign_Minister_Sheikh_Abdullah_Bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_%2851584207427%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9504" data-file-height="6336" /></a><figcaption>Secretary Blinken, Israeli foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a> and UAE foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a> on October 13, 2021</figcaption></figure> The U.S. authorities indicted <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Barrack_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas J. Barrack Jr.">Thomas J. Barrack Jr.</a>, an outside adviser to Donald Trump during and after the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a> campaign. They alleged he acted as an unregistered foreign lobbyist for the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. Barrack was also accused of obstruction of justice by giving false statements to the investigators.<a href="#cite_note-566">[564]</a><a href="#cite_note-567">[565]</a> He was found not guilty on all charges in November 2022.<a href="#cite_note-568">[566]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">DOJ</a> also prosecuted some men for funneling more than $3.5 million to <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> from <a href="/wiki/George_Nader" title="George Nader">George Nader</a>, the royal adviser of the UAE.<a href="#cite_note-569">[567]</a> While federal prosecutors accused the Emirates of interfering in American politics from both sides, the relations with the Arab nation during Biden's presidency didn't witness much of the expected changes. The UAE was seen escaping its blunder-filled history of relations with the US, despite Biden's repetitive criticism against the Emirates' <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations">human rights violations</a> and its attempts of infiltrating the US politics.<a href="#cite_note-570">[568]</a> Moreover, the Biden administration also permitted the arms sales of $23 billion to the UAE, which was initiated by Donald Trump and involved a transfer of sophisticated weaponry like the F-35 fighter jets.<a href="#cite_note-571">[569]</a> The US Justice Department did not charge any Emirati in the case. However, Barrack's indictment identified three UAE officials who were hosts at his reception in the Gulf nation after Trump's 2016 elections, and two others who were involved. Amongst the hosts was Abu Dhabi Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Mohamed bin Zayed</a>, the UAE's national security adviser <a href="/wiki/Tahnoun_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan_(national_security_advisor)" title="Tahnoun bin Zayed Al Nahyan (national security advisor)">Tahnoun bin Zayed</a> and director of the Emirati intelligence service, Ali Mohammed Hammad Al Shamsi. The fourth Emirati official was Abdullah Khalifa Al Ghafli, who "tasked" Barrack to push Emirati interests with America. Another official was <a href="/wiki/Yousef_Al_Otaiba" title="Yousef Al Otaiba">Yousef Al Otaiba</a>, who asked to remain anonymous in discussions over private matters.<a href="#cite_note-572">[570]</a> On 23 September 2024, the UAE president Mohammed bin Zayed visited the White House to hold meetings with President Biden and Kamala Harris. It marked the first ever meeting of an Emirati President to Washington. Biden and Harris met MbZ separately, focusing on future bilateral economic and technological relations. Prior to the meeting, Biden received a letter from the lawmakers to raise concerns with the UAE around its military support to RSF in Sudan. Appreciating Biden’s efforts towards the Sudan crisis, the lawmakers stated that the Emirati actions could become an obstruction. They urged Biden to address the concerns to Sheikh Mohammed and press the UAE to cease the support to RSF.<a href="#cite_note-573">[571]</a><a href="#cite_note-574">[572]</a><a href="#cite_note-575">[573]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel,_July_2022_(GPOZACH07_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel%2C_July_2022_%28GPOZACH07_2%29.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel%2C_July_2022_%28GPOZACH07_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel%2C_July_2022_%28GPOZACH07_2%29.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel%2C_July_2022_%28GPOZACH07_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel%2C_July_2022_%28GPOZACH07_2%29.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel%2C_July_2022_%28GPOZACH07_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption>President Biden meets <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israeli Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Yair_Lapid" title="Yair Lapid">Yair Lapid</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">Israeli President</a> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> on his visit to Israel, July 13, 2022.</figcaption></figure> Early on, the Biden administration addressed Trump's <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognition of Jerusalem as the Israeli capital</a>. The White House confirmed that the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Jerusalem" title="Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem">U.S. Embassy</a> would remain in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and it would continue to be recognized as the capital. The administration also expressed support for the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> while wanting to expand on them, although it shied away from using that name, instead referring to it simply as "the normalization process".<a href="#cite_note-576">[574]</a><a href="#cite_note-577">[575]</a><a href="#cite_note-578">[576]</a> On 13 May 2021, in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa mosque</a> conflict, the Biden administration was accused of being indifferent towards the violent conflict between Israeli statehood and the Palestinian minority there. Critics on both sides identified the reaction by the White House as "lame and late".<a href="#cite_note-579">[577]</a> On 21 May 2021, a ceasefire was brokered between <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> after <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">eleven days of clashes</a>. According to Biden, the US will be playing a key role to rebuild damaged infrastructure in the Gaza alongside the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian authority">Palestinian authority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-580">[578]</a><a href="#cite_note-581">[579]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel–Hamas_War">Israel–Hamas War</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm/220px--President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="192" data-mwtitle="President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7,_2023.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7,_2023.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm/President_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Biden_Delivers_Remarks_on_the_Terrorist_Attacks_in_Israel_-_Oct_7%2C_2023.webm&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>President Biden delivers remarks on the Hamas terrorist attacks in Israel.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Prime_Minister_Benjamin_Netanyahu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Prime_Minister_Benjamin_Netanyahu.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Prime_Minister_Benjamin_Netanyahu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Prime_Minister_Benjamin_Netanyahu.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Prime_Minister_Benjamin_Netanyahu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Prime_Minister_Benjamin_Netanyahu.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Prime_Minister_Benjamin_Netanyahu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Biden and Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, October 18, 2023</figcaption></figure> After <a href="/wiki/Operation_Al-Aqsa_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Al-Aqsa Flood">the October 7 terrorist attack</a> in Israel perpetrated by Hamas, Biden stated, "We stand with Israel" three days later and emphasized the US's role in potentially freeing American hostages in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-582">[580]</a> On October 14, Biden condemned the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Wadea_Al-Fayoume" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Wadea Al-Fayoume">murder of Wadea Al-Fayoume</a>, a six-year-old Muslim boy in Chicago, by the boy's landlord. The murder was an alleged hate crime inspired by the conflict. Biden said, "There is no place in America for hate against anyone."<a href="#cite_note-583">[581]</a><a href="#cite_note-584">[582]</a> During a speech at the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a> Dinner on October 15, a protestor chanted "let Gaza live" and "ceasefire now" to which Biden responded that he could not hear the protestor, but then later said "I get it. I'm not sure that's a good thing. No, I'm only joking."<a href="#cite_note-585">[583]</a><a href="#cite_note-586">[584]</a> Biden's trip to Jordan to meet <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">King Abdullah II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> was "mutually" canceled on October 17 and indefinitely postponed.<a href="#cite_note-587">[585]</a><a href="#cite_note-588">[586]</a><a href="#cite_note-589">[587]</a> President Biden traveled to <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel on October 18 and met with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a> being allowed into Gaza, including food, water, and medicine.<a href="#cite_note-590">[588]</a> During the trip, Biden blamed the <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital_explosion" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion">al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion</a> on "an errant rocket fired by a terrorist group in Gaza," citing US intelligence reports.<a href="#cite_note-591">[589]</a><a href="#cite_note-592">[590]</a> He also promised to ask congress for an "unprecedented support package for Israel’s defense," potentially tied to a bill with support for Ukraine, Taiwan, and the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Southern Border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-593">[591]</a> Biden called on Congress to pass $14.3 billion in emergency <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Israel–United States military relations">military aid to Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-594">[592]</a> Israel already receives $3.8 billion a year in military aid.<a href="#cite_note-595">[593]</a> Biden also announced that the US would send $100 million in humanitarian aid to Gaza and the West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-596">[594]</a> On November 1, after Jessica Rosenberg, a <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> and activist from <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a>, heckled Biden during a speech in <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Minnesota" title="Northfield, Minnesota">Northfield, Minnesota</a> calling for a ceasefire, Biden said, "I think we need a pause. A pause means give time to get the prisoners out."<a href="#cite_note-597">[595]</a><a href="#cite_note-598">[596]</a> Starting November 9, Biden negotiated four-hour pauses for civilians to flee every day after his push for three-day pauses failed.<a href="#cite_note-599">[597]</a> Starting on November 23, Israel agreed to a <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_ceasefire" title="2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire">four-day ceasefire</a> for north of Gaza for six hours a day and a complete ceasefire south of Gaza in exchange for <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_hostage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war hostage crisis">hostages taken by Hamas</a>. The deal was brokered by Qatar, Egypt, and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-600">[598]</a><a href="#cite_note-601">[599]</a><a href="#cite_note-602">[600]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Q._Brown,_Jr.,_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff,_traveled_to_Tel_Aviv,_Israel_and_Amman,_Jordan_on_17_to_19_December_2023_-_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Charles_Q._Brown%2C_Jr.%2C_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff%2C_traveled_to_Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_and_Amman%2C_Jordan_on_17_to_19_December_2023_-_22.jpg/220px-Charles_Q._Brown%2C_Jr.%2C_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff%2C_traveled_to_Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_and_Amman%2C_Jordan_on_17_to_19_December_2023_-_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Charles_Q._Brown%2C_Jr.%2C_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff%2C_traveled_to_Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_and_Amman%2C_Jordan_on_17_to_19_December_2023_-_22.jpg/330px-Charles_Q._Brown%2C_Jr.%2C_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff%2C_traveled_to_Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_and_Amman%2C_Jordan_on_17_to_19_December_2023_-_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Charles_Q._Brown%2C_Jr.%2C_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff%2C_traveled_to_Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_and_Amman%2C_Jordan_on_17_to_19_December_2023_-_22.jpg/440px-Charles_Q._Brown%2C_Jr.%2C_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff%2C_traveled_to_Tel_Aviv%2C_Israel_and_Amman%2C_Jordan_on_17_to_19_December_2023_-_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7848" data-file-height="5717" /></a><figcaption>Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>, Israeli Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a>, Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman <a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr." title="Charles Q. Brown Jr.">Charles Q. Brown Jr.</a> and Israeli Chief of General Staff <a href="/wiki/Herzi_Halevi" title="Herzi Halevi">Herzi Halevi</a> in Tel Aviv, Israel, December 18, 2023</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Bremmer" title="Ian Bremmer">Ian Bremmer</a>, an American political scientist, stated the Biden administration's position unconditionally supporting Israel had left him as isolated on the world stage as Russia's president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-603">[601]</a> Biden has reportedly expressed frustration with Netanyahu's handling of the war, although this has not lead to a major shift in American policy.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews_Feb-604">[602]</a><a href="#cite_note-605">[603]</a> Congressional oversight on arms sales has been sidestepped by the Biden administration on two occasions in December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-606">[604]</a> Usually the <a href="/wiki/Arms_Export_Control_Act" title="Arms Export Control Act">Arms Export Control Act</a> would require the <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a>, on behalf of the president, to provide <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> advance notification of government-to-government foreign military sales of defense equipment. But the secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> certified the existence of an "emergency" and therefore the requirement was lifted twice which raised objections from lawmakers from the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-607">[605]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_walks_alongside_King_Abdullah_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/President_Joe_Biden_walks_alongside_King_Abdullah_II.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_walks_alongside_King_Abdullah_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/President_Joe_Biden_walks_alongside_King_Abdullah_II.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_walks_alongside_King_Abdullah_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/President_Joe_Biden_walks_alongside_King_Abdullah_II.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_walks_alongside_King_Abdullah_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">Abdullah II of Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hussein,_Crown_Prince_of_Jordan" title="Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan">Crown Prince Hussein</a> with President Biden in February 2024</figcaption></figure> In February 2024, the Biden administration warned the government of Israel against its announced advance against <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-608">[606]</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC_news" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC news">NBC news</a> reported that Biden "has been venting his frustration in recent private conversations, some of them with campaign donors, over his inability to persuade Israel to change its military tactics in the Gaza Strip".<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews_Feb-604">[602]</a> On 16 February 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> reported that the administration is pushing for a cease-fire deal but on the other hand is preparing another delivery of bombs and other weapons and that the administration has to notify "congressional committee leaders who would need to approve the transfer."<a href="#cite_note-609">[607]</a> On 20 February, the U.S. government <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power" title="United Nations Security Council veto power">vetoed a U.N. Security Council resolution</a> demanding a cease-fire in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-610">[608]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Al-Rashid_humanitarian_aid_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Rashid humanitarian aid incident">killing of Palestinian civilians receiving food aid</a> on February 29, Biden expressed that the current level of aid flowing into Gaza was insufficient.<a href="#cite_note-611">[609]</a> On March 3, US military began airdropping food aid into Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-612">[610]</a> Some experts called the US airdrops performative and claimed they would do little to alleviate the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">food situation in Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-613">[611]</a> In July 2024, following Biden's decision not to seek re-election, Palestinian advocacy groups stated they believed that the war would define Biden's presidential legacy.<a href="#cite_note-614">[612]</a> On July 10, 2024, the Biden administration resumed shipments of the <a href="/wiki/Mark_82_bomb" title="Mark 82 bomb">500-pound bombs</a> to Israel, which were halted in May over concerns about the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">humanitarian impact</a> of Israel's use of them in <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Casualties of the Israel–Hamas war">killing Palestinians in Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-615">[613]</a> On September 17, 2024, thousands of handheld <a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">pagers</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> simultaneously <a href="/wiki/2024_Lebanon_pager_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Lebanon pager explosions">exploded across Lebanon and Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-616">[614]</a> The attack came just a day after the Biden administration's special envoy <a href="/wiki/Amos_Hochstein" title="Amos Hochstein">Amos Hochstein</a> visited Israel and warned Benjamin Netanyahu against provoking a major <a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Israel–Hamas war">escalation</a> in Lebanon.<a href="#cite_note-617">[615]</a> On November 20, 2024, a UN Security Council draft resolution that demanded an immediate and unconditional ceasefire in the Gaza Strip was vetoed by the U.S. whereas all other members voted in favor. The draft resolution would have rejected "any effort to starve Palestinians" and demanded the facilitation of full, rapid, safe and unhindered entry of aid at scale to and throughout the Strip and its delivery to all those in need.<a href="#cite_note-618">[616]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20220715AS-1244_(52325477560).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/P20220715AS-1244_%2852325477560%29.jpg/220px-P20220715AS-1244_%2852325477560%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/P20220715AS-1244_%2852325477560%29.jpg/330px-P20220715AS-1244_%2852325477560%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/P20220715AS-1244_%2852325477560%29.jpg/440px-P20220715AS-1244_%2852325477560%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Biden with Palestinian president <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> at the Palestinian presidential palace in Bethlehem, <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, July 15, 2022</figcaption></figure> During a July 2022 visit to Israel, Biden stressed the importance of keeping the <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state vision</a> alive. He met with <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> President <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> and announced a new aid package to the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-Eglash-2022-619">[617]</a> During the administration of his predecessor Donald Trump, U.S. contributions to the <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees</a> had been defunded.<a href="#cite_note-620">[618]</a> On the Israeli end, Prime Minister Yair Lapid reaffirmed his position on a two-state solution.<a href="#cite_note-Eglash-2022-619">[617]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worldwide_LGBT_rights">Worldwide LGBT rights</h3></div> On February 4, 2021, Biden issued a presidential memorandum for expanding protection of <a href="/wiki/LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT community">LGBT</a> rights worldwide, which includes the possibility to impose financial sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-621">[619]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">US State Department</a> released a statement on <a href="/wiki/Intersex_Awareness_Day" title="Intersex Awareness Day">Intersex Awareness Day</a> promoting LGBTQI+ rights around the globe, saying, "<a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a> persons often face stigma and discrimination in accessing education, healthcare, and legal recognition, and are subjected to medically unnecessary <a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">surgeries</a>. These harmful practices, which can cause lifelong negative physical and emotional consequences, are a medical form of so-called <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a> practices in that they seek to physically “convert” Intersex children into non-Intersex children."<a href="#cite_note-622">[620]</a> Biden announced he would be removing <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> from the <a href="/wiki/African_Growth_and_Opportunity_Act" title="African Growth and Opportunity Act">African Growth and Opportunity Act</a> trade deal<a href="#cite_note-623">[621]</a> over the country's <a href="/wiki/Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2023" title="Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023">anti-LGBT bill</a> that included the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">death penalty</a> for "aggravated homosexuality" and <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life-in-prison</a> for identifying as LGBT.<a href="#cite_note-624">[622]</a><a href="#cite_note-625">[623]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigations_of_Biden">Investigations of Biden</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hur_special_counsel_investigation">Hur special counsel investigation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">Joe Biden classified documents incident</a></div> Biden's attorneys informed the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archives Administration">National Archives Administration</a> in November 2022 that <a href="/wiki/Classified_information" title="Classified information">classified</a> documents from before Biden's presidency had been found at the <a href="/wiki/Penn_Biden_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn Biden Center">Penn Biden Center</a>. Days later Attorney General Garland tasked U.S. Attorney <a href="/wiki/John_R._Lausch_Jr." title="John R. Lausch Jr.">John R. Lausch Jr.</a> with conducting an initial investigation.<a href="#cite_note-whatweknow1-626">[624]</a><a href="#cite_note-whatweknow2-627">[625]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_timeline-628">[626]</a> On January 5, 2023, Lausch advised Garland that the assignment of a <a href="/wiki/Special_counsel" title="Special counsel">special counsel</a> was warranted.<a href="#cite_note-whatweknow1-626">[624]</a><a href="#cite_note-whatweknow2-627">[625]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_timeline-628">[626]</a> On January 12, Garland announced that he was appointing a special counsel to investigate "possible unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or other records",<a href="#cite_note-629">[627]</a><a href="#cite_note-630">[628]</a> and appointed <a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Hur" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert K. Hur">Robert K. Hur</a> as special counsel.<a href="#cite_note-631">[629]</a> Hur released his report on February 8, 2024, stating that the "evidence does not establish Mr. Biden's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt".<a href="#cite_note-632">[630]</a> The report's final conclusion was that "no criminal charges are warranted in this matter" and that it would be "the same even if there was no policy against charging a sitting president".<a href="#cite_note-633">[631]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_investigations">Congressional investigations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Judiciary_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Weaponization_of_the_Federal_Government" title="United States House Judiciary Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government">United States House Judiciary Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Joe_Biden" title="Efforts to impeach Joe Biden">Efforts to impeach Joe Biden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden</a></div> On September 12, 2023, Speaker McCarthy acceded to the right wing of the House Republican Conference and announced the launch of an <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment inquiry in the United States">impeachment inquiry</a> into Biden.<a href="#cite_note-CNN0912a-634">[632]</a><a href="#cite_note-635">[633]</a><a href="#cite_note-636">[634]</a> McCarthy claimed that earlier findings of House investigations "paint a picture of <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a>" involving Biden and his relatives.<a href="#cite_note-AP1-637">[635]</a> Prior investigations have failed to find evidence of wrongdoing by the president.<a href="#cite_note-642">[c]</a> The impeachment inquiry fizzled out by April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-643">[640]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections_during_the_Biden_presidency">Elections during the Biden presidency</h2></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left:1em"> <caption>Congressional party leaders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Senate leaders </th> <th colspan="2">House leaders </th></tr> <tr> <th>Congress </th> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Majority</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Minority</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Minority</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a> </th> <th style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">2021–2023 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a><a href="#cite_note-Schumer2021-644">[d]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a> </th> <th>2023 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2023–2024 </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Johnson</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2023-645">[e]</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress" title="119th United States Congress">119th</a><a href="#cite_note-preInaug-646">[f]</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#FFB6B6">2025 </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2025_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2025 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election">TBD</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left:1em"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Party_divisions_of_United_States_Congresses" title="Party divisions of United States Congresses">Democratic seats in Congress</a><a href="#cite_note-Congress-647">[g]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Congress </th> <th>Senate </th> <th>House </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a><a href="#cite_note-preInaug-646">[f]</a> </th> <td>50<a href="#cite_note-Schumer2021-644">[d]</a> </td> <td>222 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a> </th> <td>51 </td> <td>213 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress" title="119th United States Congress">119th</a><a href="#cite_note-preInaug-646">[f]</a> </th> <td>47 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2024 United States House of Representatives elections">TBD</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_midterm_elections">2022 midterm elections</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_elections" title="2022 United States elections">2022 United States elections</a></div> Despite Biden's low approvals, a <a href="/wiki/Wave_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Wave elections in the United States">red wave</a> did not occur during the president's midterm as many had anticipated. Democrats expanded their narrow Senate majority while Republicans took control of the House of Representatives by a far smaller margin than expected.<a href="#cite_note-648">[641]</a> This was largely attributed to a backlash against <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">the Supreme Court's</a> decision in <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-649">[642]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Political_extremism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political extremism">perceived extremeness</a> of certain Republican candidates in competitive races. It was the first midterm election since <a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1986 United States gubernatorial elections">1986</a> in which the party of the incumbent president achieved a net gain in governorships, and the first since <a href="/wiki/1934_United_States_elections" title="1934 United States elections">1934</a> in which the president's party didn't lose any state legislative chambers or incumbent senators.<a href="#cite_note-650">[643]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Pundits" class="mw-redirect" title="Pundits">pundits</a> had failed to predict the Democrats' resilient performance; <a href="/wiki/Simon_Rosenberg" title="Simon Rosenberg">Simon Rosenberg</a> was one exception.<a href="#cite_note-651">[644]</a> Polls for the election cycle were the most accurate since <a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_elections" title="1998 United States elections">1998</a>, though Republican-aligned pollsters such as the <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Group" title="Trafalgar Group">Trafalgar Group</a> had a notable polling miss.<a href="#cite_note-652">[645]</a><a href="#cite_note-653">[646]</a> The results drew praise from the Democratic Party,<a href="#cite_note-654">[647]</a> and Biden celebrated the results as a strong day for democracy.<a href="#cite_note-655">[648]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_elections">2024 elections</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Initial_Biden_campaign_and_withdrawal">Initial Biden campaign and withdrawal</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_4" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm/220px--President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="664" data-mwtitle="President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation,_July_24,_2024_(Video).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation,_July_24,_2024_(Video).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="av1, opus"" data-width="1326" data-height="746" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm/President_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Biden_Addresses_the_Nation%2C_July_24%2C_2024_%28Video%29.webm&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>President Biden announces that he will not run for re-election</figcaption></figure> After speculation Biden would not seek re-election due to his advanced age and poor job approval,<a href="#cite_note-656">[649]</a> Biden officially announced <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">his reelection campaign</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic nomination</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a> on April 25, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-657">[650]</a> He became the presumptive Democratic party nominee on March 12, 2024, facing no effective challengers in the primaries.<a href="#cite_note-658">[651]</a> Following what was widely viewed as a lackluster performance in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates#June_27:_First_presidential_debate_(CNN,_Atlanta)" title="2024 United States presidential debates">first presidential debate</a> against presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump and numerous <a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_of_Joe_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Age and health concerns of Joe Biden">age and health concerns</a>, Biden faced <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">repeated calls to suspend his candidacy</a>. On July 21, 2024, Biden announced in a post on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">X</a> (formerly known as Twitter) that he was suspending his campaign. He stated that "while it has been my intention to seek re-election, I believe it is in the best interest of my party and the country for me to stand down and to focus solely on fulfilling my duties as President for the remainder of my term", and endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris in his stead.<a href="#cite_note-659">[652]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_election_and_transition_period">General election and transition period</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_elections" title="2024 United States elections">2024 United States elections</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Second presidential transition of Donald Trump</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ElectoralCollege2024.svg/330px-ElectoralCollege2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ElectoralCollege2024.svg/495px-ElectoralCollege2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ElectoralCollege2024.svg/660px-ElectoralCollege2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Republican <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> defeated Democrat <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> in the 2024 presidential election.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_on_November_13,_2024,_in_the_White_House_Oval_Office_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_on_November_13%2C_2024%2C_in_the_White_House_Oval_Office_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_on_November_13%2C_2024%2C_in_the_White_House_Oval_Office_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_on_November_13%2C_2024%2C_in_the_White_House_Oval_Office_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_on_November_13%2C_2024%2C_in_the_White_House_Oval_Office_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_on_November_13%2C_2024%2C_in_the_White_House_Oval_Office_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_on_November_13%2C_2024%2C_in_the_White_House_Oval_Office_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2663" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Outgoing president Joe Biden and President-elect <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> on November 13, 2024</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania" title="Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania">attempted assassination</a> of his then-opponent and then-presumptive Republican nominee former president Donald Trump, Biden condemned the shooting and, in an <a href="/wiki/United_States_Oval_Office_Address" title="United States Oval Office Address">Oval Office address</a> the next day, spoke about the "need for to lower the temperature" of its political rhetoric.<a href="#cite_note-660">[653]</a> Biden defended his record as president at the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a> and advocated for the election of Harris in one of the last speeches of his presidency.<a href="#cite_note-661">[654]</a> The convention was largely portrayed as an honoring of his political legacy.<a href="#cite_note-662">[655]</a> In the general election, Harris was defeated by Trump. Some Democrats attributed Harris' loss to Biden's unpopularity on issues such as the economy.<a href="#cite_note-663">[656]</a> In the concurrent <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_elections" title="2024 United States elections">congressional elections</a>, Republicans also retained a narrow majority in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and took control of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approval_ratings_and_image">Approval ratings and image</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2021_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2021 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2021 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2022 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2022 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/2023_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2024_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2024 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2024 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration</a></div> Very early in Biden's presidency, opinion polls found that Biden's approval ratings were steadier than Trump's, with an average approval rating of 55% and an average disapproval rate of 39%.<a href="#cite_note-664">[657]</a> Biden's early approval ratings have been more polarized than Trump's, with 98% of Democrats, 61% of independents and 11% of Republicans approving of Biden's presidency in February 2021, a party gap of 87%.<a href="#cite_note-665">[658]</a> Around the end of his first hundred days in office, Biden's approval rating was higher than Trump's but was the third worst since the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry Truman</a>; only Trump and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> scored lower.<a href="#cite_note-666">[659]</a><a href="#cite_note-667">[660]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">fall of Kabul</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States#May_to_August_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">the surge of COVID-19 cases</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a> in July and August 2021, Biden's approval rating began to steadily decline, from a high of 52.7% approval on July 26, 2021, to 45.9% approval by September 3, 2021, according to FiveThirtyEight.<a href="#cite_note-668">[661]</a><a href="#cite_note-669">[662]</a> While the White House emphasized COVID-19 as causing his low approval rating,<a href="#cite_note-670">[663]</a> <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2021_inflation_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 inflation surge">highest in nearly 40 years</a>,<a href="#cite_note-671">[664]</a><a href="#cite_note-672">[665]</a> has also been described as a cause.<a href="#cite_note-673">[666]</a><a href="#cite_note-674">[667]</a> Biden's lowest approval rating on record comes from a <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University" title="Quinnipiac University">Quinnipiac University</a> poll in July 2022, which showed just 31% of respondents approving of his performance as president.<a href="#cite_note-675">[668]</a> By the one-year anniversary of Biden's presidency on January 20, 2022, <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> recorded the average approval rating for Biden's first year as 49%, which was the second-lowest first-year average approval rating for any American president since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>; only Trump's first-year average of 38.4% was lower.<a href="#cite_note-Hubbard-676">[669]</a><a href="#cite_note-677">[670]</a> Gallup further noted that there was greater political polarization in Biden's approval ratings than any other first-year president in modern history, with 91% of Democrats supporting Biden while just 8% of Republicans supported him, resulting in a party gap of 83%. The only other year of any presidency that saw greater polarization was Trump's final year in office.<a href="#cite_note-Hubbard-676">[669]</a><a href="#cite_note-678">[671]</a> The July 2022 Gallup survey saw Biden's sixth quarter approval rating of 40%, the lowest sixth quarter rating of any president in modern history dating back to <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>.<a href="#cite_note-679">[672]</a> Until April 23, according to figures compiled by <a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a>, Biden's approval rating stood at 42.3 percent, a slight improvement from the sub-40 percent level reached in the summer of 2022, but still well below the peak of 53 percent when he began his presidency in January 2021.<a href="#cite_note-680">[673]</a> An October 30, 2023 poll by the <a href="/wiki/Arab_American_Institute" title="Arab American Institute">Arab American Institute</a>, support for Biden among <a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab Americans</a> dropped from 59% in 2020 to 17%.<a href="#cite_note-681">[674]</a><a href="#cite_note-682">[675]</a> The drop in support has been attributed to the administration's handling of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">2023 Israel–Hamas War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-683">[676]</a><a href="#cite_note-684">[677]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup</a>, in July 2024, Biden's approval rating dropped to 36%, the lowest of his presidency, prior to his decision to end his re-election campaign; his highest approval rating dated back to 57% in April 2021.<a href="#cite_note-685">[678]</a><a href="#cite_note-686">[679]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  Percentage that approve <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Percentage that disapprove <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Percentage of unsure respondents</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_appearances">Media appearances</h2></div> Biden has been interviewed for several news outlets and appeared on several <a href="/wiki/Late-night_talk_show" title="Late-night talk show">late-night talk shows</a> throughout his presidency. In December 2021, Biden appeared on <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Jimmy_Fallon" title="The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon">The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon</a> where they discussed "his <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a>, the importance of his bipartisan friendship with the late <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Sen. Bob Dole</a>, rejecting extremism and getting Americans vaccinated against COVID-19."<a href="#cite_note-687">[680]</a> In June 2022, Biden appeared on <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!" title="Jimmy Kimmel Live!">Jimmy Kimmel Live!</a> where he discussed "27 school shootings in America in 2022, why he believes nothing has been done so far about gun violence, an overwhelming amount of Americans supporting background checks, meeting with families after the <a href="/wiki/Robb_Elementary_School_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Robb Elementary School shooting">tragic events in Uvalde, Texas</a>, the idea of passing an Executive Order, the strides made in regard to Climate Change, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a>'s voting record, housing, food and gas prices being very high and what he intends to do about inflation, the negative impact that the pandemic has had on families and the need for mental health care, being optimistic about this generation of young people, changes in the press, his process for flushing documents down the toilets, what his intentions are if Roe v Wade does in fact get overturned, and his hopes for America."<a href="#cite_note-688">[681]</a> In July 2022, comedian and host of <a href="/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_with_James_Corden" title="The Late Late Show with James Corden">The Late Late Show</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Corden" title="James Corden">James Corden</a>, visited the White House and spoke with Biden, Jen Psaki, and White House custodian staff. He also gave a fake <a href="/wiki/Press_briefing" class="mw-redirect" title="Press briefing">press briefing</a> in the <a href="/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">James S. Brady Press Briefing Room</a>.<a href="#cite_note-689">[682]</a> Biden has also been interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Drew_Barrymore" title="Drew Barrymore">Drew Barrymore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jake_Tapper" title="Jake Tapper">Jake Tapper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Capehart" title="Jonathan Capehart">Jonathan Capehart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yonit_Levi" title="Yonit Levi">Yonit Levi</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Stephanopoulos" title="George Stephanopoulos">George Stephanopoulos</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Muir" title="David Muir">David Muir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Pelley" title="Scott Pelley">Scott Pelley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lester_Holt" title="Lester Holt">Lester Holt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norah_O%27Donnell" title="Norah O'Donnell">Norah O'Donnell</a>, for <a href="/wiki/The_Drew_Barrymore_Show" title="The Drew Barrymore Show">The Drew Barrymore Show</a>,<a href="#cite_note-690">[683]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>,<a href="#cite_note-691">[684]</a> <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-692">[685]</a> <a href="/wiki/Channel_12_(Israel)" title="Channel 12 (Israel)">Channel 12 in Israel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-693">[686]</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>,<a href="#cite_note-694">[687]</a><a href="#cite_note-695">[688]</a> <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-696">[689]</a> <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-697">[690]</a> and <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>,<a href="#cite_note-698">[691]</a> as well as a solo interview by <a href="/wiki/Heather_Cox_Richardson" title="Heather Cox Richardson">Heather Cox Richardson</a><a href="#cite_note-699">[692]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Tyler_Cohen" title="Brian Tyler Cohen">Brian Tyler Cohen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-700">[693]</a> Notably, Biden has not sat down with <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, despite its popularity in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-701">[694]</a> News outlets have criticized Biden for only doing a limited amount of interviews during his tenure. Biden participated in 23 interviews in his first 100 days, compared to 95 for Donald Trump, 187 for Barack Obama, 60 for <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, 64 for <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, 70 for <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, and 78 for <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-702">[695]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_link">External link</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aurdip.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Bidenletter20241002.pdf">OPEN LETTER FROM AMERICAN MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS WHO SERVED IN GAZA</a> (Gaza Healthcare Volunteers, October 2, 2024)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nasamsImminent-505"><a href="#cite_ref-nasamsImminent_505-0">^</a> The first NASAMS is coming to Ukraine (17 October 2022), now that NASAMS training is nearly complete. </li> <li id="cite_note-nasams16Nov22-510"><a href="#cite_ref-nasams16Nov22_510-0">^</a> As of 16 November 2022 the NASAMS had a 100% kill rate against their targets.<a href="#cite_note-tTritten-507">[506]</a><a href="#cite_note-udcgNov22-508">[507]</a><a href="#cite_note-509">[508]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-642"><a href="#cite_ref-642">^</a> Attributed to multiple sources:<a href="#cite_note-638">[636]</a><a href="#cite_note-639">[637]</a><a href="#cite_note-640">[638]</a><a href="#cite_note-641">[639]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schumer2021-644">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schumer2021_644-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schumer2021_644-1">b</a> After two runoff elections, of Democrats <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Jon Ossoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Raphael Warnock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, there were 50 Republicans and 50 Democrats (including 2 independents who caucus with the Democrats) in the Senate. Both Ossoff (Georgia's class 2 seat) and Warnock (Georgia's class 3 seat) were seated on January 20, 2021. With Democratic vice president <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> casting tie-breaking votes, the Democrats also have held a majority in the Senate since January 20, 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson2023-645"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2023_645-0">^</a> Kevin McCarthy was <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Kevin_McCarthy_as_Speaker_of_the_House" title="Removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House">removed</a> as Speaker of the House on October 3, 2023. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McHenry" title="Patrick McHenry">Patrick McHenry</a> acted as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives#Speaker_pro_tempore" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker pro tempore of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker pro tempore</a> from October 3, 2023 to October 25, 2023. Mike Johnson was <a href="/wiki/October_2023_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election" title="October 2023 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election">elected</a> to replace McCarthy as Speaker of the House on October 25, 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-preInaug-646">^ <a href="#cite_ref-preInaug_646-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-preInaug_646-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-preInaug_646-2">c</a> 17 days of the 117th Congress (January 3, 2021 – January 19, 2021) took place under President Trump, with Republicans also holding the Senate until January 20th. 17 days of the 119th Congress (January 3, 2025 – January 19, 2025) will take place under President Biden until Trump's second inauguration. </li> <li id="cite_note-Congress-647"><a href="#cite_ref-Congress_647-0">^</a> Democratic seats at the start of each session of Congress. Independents caucusing with the Democratic Party (Senators <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a>) are counted as Democrats for the purposes of this table. Throughout Biden's presidency, there were a total of 100 Senate seats in 435 House seats, so a Democratic majority in the Senate required 50 seats (since Democratic vice president Kamala Harris could provide the tie-breaking vote), and a Democratic majority in the House required 218 seats (assuming no vacancies). </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMartinBurns2020" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Jonathan; Burns, Alexander (November 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/07/us/politics/biden-election.html">"Biden Wins Presidency, Ending Four Tumultuous Years Under Trump"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107171052/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/07/us/politics/biden-election.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2020. 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Retrieved August 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Biden+Has+a+Historically+Strong+Job+Market.+It+May+Not+Be+Enough.&rft.date=2024-06-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Tankersley&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F06%2F07%2Fbusiness%2Fbiden-job-market-economy-inflation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2020" class="citation news cs1">Cohn, Nate (July 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/upshot/trump-biden-warren-polls.html">"One Year From Election, Trump Trails Biden but Leads Warren in Battlegrounds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128233032/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/upshot/trump-biden-warren-polls.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=One+Year+From+Election%2C+Trump+Trails+Biden+but+Leads+Warren+in+Battlegrounds&rft.date=2020-07-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F11%2F04%2Fupshot%2Ftrump-biden-warren-polls.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/fd58df73aa677acb74fce2a69adb71f9">"Biden wins White House, vowing new direction for divided US"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press News">Associated Press News</a>. November 7, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210105221639/https://apnews.com/article/fd58df73aa677acb74fce2a69adb71f9">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Biden+wins+White+House%2C+vowing+new+direction+for+divided+US&rft.date=2020-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ffd58df73aa677acb74fce2a69adb71f9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epstein-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein2020" class="citation news cs1">Epstein, Jennifer (November 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-10/biden-transition-team-calls-on-federal-agency-to-declare-winner">"Biden Transition Team Calls on Federal Agency to Declare Winner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg.com">Bloomberg</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201118021042/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-10/biden-transition-team-calls-on-federal-agency-to-declare-winner">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020. <q>Biden was declared the winner by media organizations after securing enough electoral votes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Biden+Transition+Team+Calls+on+Federal+Agency+to+Declare+Winner&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-11-10%2Fbiden-transition-team-calls-on-federal-agency-to-declare-winner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Budryk-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Budryk_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budryk_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudryk2020" class="citation news cs1">Budryk, Zack (November 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/525083-biden-campaign-pushes-gsa-chief-to-approve-transition">"Biden campaign pushes GSA chief to approve transition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201119023751/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/525083-biden-campaign-pushes-gsa-chief-to-approve-transition">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020. <q>Major media outlets projected Biden as the president-elect Saturday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Biden+campaign+pushes+GSA+chief+to+approve+transition&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft.aulast=Budryk&rft.aufirst=Zack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F525083-biden-campaign-pushes-gsa-chief-to-approve-transition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levin-2020-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levin-2020_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levin-2020_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2020" class="citation news cs1">Levin, Bess (November 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2020/11/emily-murphy-joe-biden-transition">"THE TRUMP APPOINTEE BLOCKING BIDEN'S TRANSITION IS REPORTEDLY TRYING TO LINE UP A NEW JOB FOR 2021"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117185415/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2020/11/emily-murphy-joe-biden-transition">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020. <q>But 13 days after the 2020 election and more than a week after all major media outlets called the race for Joe Biden, with Trump having absolutely no chance of getting a second term, Murphy has refused to acknowledge that Biden won, making it that much more difficult for the president-elect and his team to get a head start on crucial matters like a pandemic that has killed more than 245,000 people in the U.S. so far and stands to kill a lot more if no one does anything about it until January 2021.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=THE+TRUMP+APPOINTEE+BLOCKING+BIDEN%27S+TRANSITION+IS+REPORTEDLY+TRYING+TO+LINE+UP+A+NEW+JOB+FOR+2021&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Bess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F11%2Femily-murphy-joe-biden-transition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Young_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2020" class="citation news cs1">Young, Robin (November 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2020/11/09/biden-trump-transition-of-power">"In Unprecedented Move, Key Federal Agency Hesitates On Declaring Biden Winner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WBUR-FM" title="WBUR-FM">WBUR-FM</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109204014/https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2020/11/09/biden-trump-transition-of-power">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020. <q>The answer is no, and I think you rightly note that this is different than what occurred in 2000 [in the Al Gore vs. George W. Bush race], there is a consensus certainly on the media side and with the states that are at play.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WBUR-FM&rft.atitle=In+Unprecedented+Move%2C+Key+Federal+Agency+Hesitates+On+Declaring+Biden+Winner&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbur.org%2Fhereandnow%2F2020%2F11%2F09%2Fbiden-trump-transition-of-power&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShermanValverde2021" class="citation web cs1">Sherman, Amy; Valverde, Miriam (January 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jan/08/joe-biden/joe-biden-right-more-60-trumps-election-lawsuits-l/">"Joe Biden is right that more than 60 of Trump's election lawsuits lacked merit"</a>. PolitiFact. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226163957/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jan/08/joe-biden/joe-biden-right-more-60-trumps-election-lawsuits-l/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=Joe+Biden+is+right+that+more+than+60+of+Trump%27s+election+lawsuits+lacked+merit&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.au=Valverde%2C+Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Ffactchecks%2F2021%2Fjan%2F08%2Fjoe-biden%2Fjoe-biden-right-more-60-trumps-election-lawsuits-l%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoreacosStohrNiquette2020" class="citation news cs1">Voreacos, David; Stohr, Greg; Niquette, Mark (November 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-09/trump-campaign-s-legal-blitz-isn-t-targeting-enough-votes-to-win">"Trump's Legal Blitz Isn't Contesting Enough Votes to Win"</a>. Bloomberg.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127002308/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-09/trump-campaign-s-legal-blitz-isn-t-targeting-enough-votes-to-win">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Legal+Blitz+Isn%27t+Contesting+Enough+Votes+to+Win&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft.aulast=Voreacos&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Stohr%2C+Greg&rft.au=Niquette%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-11-09%2Ftrump-campaign-s-legal-blitz-isn-t-targeting-enough-votes-to-win&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54724960">"US election 2020: What legal challenges is Trump planning?"</a>. BBC News. November 13, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206092807/https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54724960">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+election+2020%3A+What+legal+challenges+is+Trump+planning%3F&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Felection-us-2020-54724960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-washingtonpost1-33"><a href="#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinO'ConnellDawsey2020" class="citation news cs1">Rein, Lisa; O'Connell, Jonathan; Dawsey, Josh (November 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-gsa-letter-biden-transition/2020/11/08/07093acc-21e9-11eb-8672-c281c7a2c96e_story.html">"A little-known Trump appointee is in charge of handing transition resources to Biden – and she isn't budging"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109100819/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-gsa-letter-biden-transition/2020/11/08/07093acc-21e9-11eb-8672-c281c7a2c96e_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+little-known+Trump+appointee+is+in+charge+of+handing+transition+resources+to+Biden+%E2%80%93+and+she+isn%27t+budging&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Rein&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=O%27Connell%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-gsa-letter-biden-transition%2F2020%2F11%2F08%2F07093acc-21e9-11eb-8672-c281c7a2c96e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinson2020" class="citation news cs1">Collinson, Stephen (November 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/11/politics/donald-trump-joe-biden-transition/index.html">"Alarm grows over Trump administration acting 'more akin to a dictatorship' as he denies election defeat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111055831/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/11/politics/donald-trump-joe-biden-transition/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Alarm+grows+over+Trump+administration+acting+%27more+akin+to+a+dictatorship%27+as+he+denies+election+defeat&rft.date=2020-11-11&rft.aulast=Collinson&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F11%2F11%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-joe-biden-transition%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalyJalonick2020" class="citation news cs1">Daly, Matthew; Jalonick, Mary Clare (November 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nation-world/ct-gsa-joe-biden-transition-20201123-fqs77zryxzac5lysm2wscrmpiy-story.html">"GSA ascertains Joe Biden is 'apparent winner' of election, clears way for the transition from Trump administration to formally begin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123232731/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nation-world/ct-gsa-joe-biden-transition-20201123-fqs77zryxzac5lysm2wscrmpiy-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=GSA+ascertains+Joe+Biden+is+%27apparent+winner%27+of+election%2C+clears+way+for+the+transition+from+Trump+administration+to+formally+begin&rft.date=2020-11-23&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Jalonick%2C+Mary+Clare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fct-gsa-joe-biden-transition-20201123-fqs77zryxzac5lysm2wscrmpiy-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuchaBradner2020" class="citation news cs1">Mucha, Sarah; Bradner, Eric (November 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/09/politics/biden-coronavirus-advisers-experts-rick-bright/index.html">"Biden transition team announces coronavirus advisers, including whistleblower Rick Bright"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209133805/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/09/politics/biden-coronavirus-advisers-experts-rick-bright/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Biden+transition+team+announces+coronavirus+advisers%2C+including+whistleblower+Rick+Bright&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft.aulast=Mucha&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Bradner%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F11%2F09%2Fpolitics%2Fbiden-coronavirus-advisers-experts-rick-bright%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennisHouseFlatley2021" class="citation news cs1">Dennis, Steven T.; House, Billy; Flatley, Daniel (January 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-06/democrats-win-u-s-senate-as-ossoff-tops-perdue-in-georgia-sweep">"Democrats Win U.S. Senate as Ossoff Tops Perdue in Georgia Sweep"</a>. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106232624/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trump-supporters-storm-capitol-dc/2021/01/06/58afc0b8-504b-11eb-83e3-322644d82356_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2021. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121025634/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/politics/biden-inauguration-speech-transcript.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2021. 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May 5, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210716000855/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-administration-supports-waiving-patent-protections-covid-vaccines-bid-raise-n1266444">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2021. 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July 17, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722091047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57870778">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Covid+misinformation+on+Facebook+is+killing+people+-+Biden&rft.date=2021-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-57870778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-executive-branch-18fb12993f05be13bf760946a6fb89be">"Sweeping new vaccine mandates for 100 million Americans"</a>. 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Reuters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Fed%27s+Harker+says+housing+shortage+a+key+inflation+driver&rft.date=2022-09-27&rft.aulast=Derby&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fmarkets%2Fus%2Ffeds-harker-says-housing-shortage-key-inflation-driver-2022-09-27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'DonnellGuida2021" class="citation news cs1">O'Donnell, Katy; Guida, Victoria (November 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/10/rent-inflation-biden-520642">"Biden's next inflation threat: The rent is too damn high"</a>. Politico. <q>Housing costs just posted one of their largest monthly gains in decades, and many economists expect them to loom large in inflation figures over the next year heading into the 2022 midterm elections. It's not just economists — the Federal Reserve Bank of New York said in research released Monday that Americans on average expect rents to rise 10.1 percent over the next year, the highest reading in the survey's history.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Biden%27s+next+inflation+threat%3A+The+rent+is+too+damn+high&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft.au=Guida%2C+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F10%2Frent-inflation-biden-520642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahney2024" class="citation web cs1">Bahney, Bryan Mena, Anna (March 8, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/08/economy/fed-biden-housing-affordability-crisis/index.html">"Biden says he can fix America's housing affordability crisis. 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Retrieved March 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Biden%27s+%27posturing%27+on+Russian+oil+risks+wider+conflict%3A+Analysts&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft.aulast=Suleymanova&rft.aufirst=Radmilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Feconomy%2F2022%2F3%2F8%2Fbidens-posturing-on-russian-oil-risks-wider-conflict-analysts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boak-2024-204">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boak-2024_204-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boak-2024_204-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoak2024" class="citation web cs1">Boak, Josh (March 15, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/biden-inflation-housing-trump-home-price-rent-248ef02e197c3a7ffb801e370c529d33">"Why are so many voters frustrated by the US economy? It's home prices"</a>. AP News. Retrieved July 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Why+are+so+many+voters+frustrated+by+the+US+economy%3F+It%27s+home+prices&rft.date=2024-03-15&rft.aulast=Boak&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbiden-inflation-housing-trump-home-price-rent-248ef02e197c3a7ffb801e370c529d33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donnell2022" class="citation news cs1">O'Donnell, Katy (March 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/18/housing-costs-inflation-00015808">"The main driver of inflation isn't what you think it is"</a>. Politico. <q>But when it comes to the single biggest driver of runaway prices, Washington's hands are mostly tied. Skyrocketing housing costs may create even bigger problems for the administration going forward than oil and food price spikes, which are the result of sudden and unforeseen — but probably temporary — events. That's because there's no clear end in sight for shelter inflation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=The+main+driver+of+inflation+isn%27t+what+you+think+it+is&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F03%2F18%2Fhousing-costs-inflation-00015808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarea2024" class="citation web cs1">Narea, Nicole (August 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/business-and-finance/367103/inflation-report-cpi-ppi-us-economy-fed-rate-cut">"The inflation crisis appears to be over. What happens next?"</a>. Vox. 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Retrieved May 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Biden+sets+out+oil%2C+gas+leasing+reform%2C+stops+short+of+ban&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft.au=Matthew+Daly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbusiness-environment-and-nature-ee63e75fb0b4005aa3341b4dfa2a8aba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/24/climate/line-3-pipeline-biden.html">"Biden Administration Backs Oil Sands Pipeline Project"</a>. The New York Times. July 24, 2021. 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Retrieved February 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Loyalists+Across+Homeland+Security+Could+Vex+Biden%27s+Immigration+Policies&rft.date=2021-02-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kanno-Youngs&rft.aufirst=Zolan&rft.au=Shear%2C+Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F02%2F03%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fbiden-trump-immigration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiroffSacchetti2021" class="citation news cs1">Miroff, Nick; Sacchetti, Maria (February 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/new-biden-rules-for-ice-point-to-fewer-arrests-and-deportations-and-a-more-restrained-agency/2021/02/07/faccb854-68c6-11eb-bf81-c618c88ed605_story.html">"New Biden rules for ICE point to fewer arrests and deportations, and a more restrained agency"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214143016/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/new-biden-rules-for-ice-point-to-fewer-arrests-and-deportations-and-a-more-restrained-agency/2021/02/07/faccb854-68c6-11eb-bf81-c618c88ed605_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=New+Biden+rules+for+ICE+point+to+fewer+arrests+and+deportations%2C+and+a+more+restrained+agency&rft.date=2021-02-07&rft.aulast=Miroff&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Sacchetti%2C+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fnew-biden-rules-for-ice-point-to-fewer-arrests-and-deportations-and-a-more-restrained-agency%2F2021%2F02%2F07%2Ffaccb854-68c6-11eb-bf81-c618c88ed605_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56333605">"US grants Venezuelan migrants temporary protected status"</a>. BBC News. March 9, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311210005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56333605">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+grants+Venezuelan+migrants+temporary+protected+status&rft.date=2021-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-56333605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahut2021" class="citation web cs1">Lahut, Jake (March 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/biden-is-giving-kamala-harris-the-thorniest-issue-to-oversee-as-vp-immigration/articleshow/81676987.cms">"Biden is giving Kamala Harris the thorniest issue to oversee as VP: immigration"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327141338/https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/biden-is-giving-kamala-harris-the-thorniest-issue-to-oversee-as-vp-immigration/articleshow/81676987.cms">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Biden+is+giving+Kamala+Harris+the+thorniest+issue+to+oversee+as+VP%3A+immigration&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft.aulast=Lahut&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.in%2Fpolitics%2Fworld%2Fnews%2Fbiden-is-giving-kamala-harris-the-thorniest-issue-to-oversee-as-vp-immigration%2Farticleshow%2F81676987.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> Austin Landis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2021/11/16/border-crossings-decline-again-in-october">Border crossings decline again in October, with drop in families, children</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117011638/https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2021/11/16/border-crossings-decline-again-in-october">Archived</a> November 17, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Spectrum News (November 16, 2021). </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregorian2021" class="citation web cs1">Gregorian, Dareh (June 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/biden-administration-officially-ends-trump-s-remain-mexico-asylum-policy-n1269262">"Biden administration officially ends Trump's 'remain in Mexico' asylum policy"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607012950/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/biden-administration-officially-ends-trump-s-remain-mexico-asylum-policy-n1269262">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Biden+administration+officially+ends+Trump%27s+%27remain+in+Mexico%27+asylum+policy&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft.aulast=Gregorian&rft.aufirst=Dareh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fimmigration%2Fbiden-administration-officially-ends-trump-s-remain-mexico-asylum-policy-n1269262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/1/us-formally-ends-trumps-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy">"US formally ends Trump's 'Remain in Mexico' asylum policy"</a>. Al Jazeera. 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Retrieved July 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=US+formally+ends+Trump%27s+%27Remain+in+Mexico%27+asylum+policy&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F6%2F1%2Fus-formally-ends-trumps-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontoya-Galvez2021" class="citation web cs1">Montoya-Galvez, Camilo (August 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/judge-orders-u-s-to-reinstate-trump-era-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy/">"Judge orders U.S. to reinstate Trump-era "Remain in Mexico" asylum policy"</a>. CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210823041221/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/judge-orders-u-s-to-reinstate-trump-era-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy/">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Judge+orders+U.S.+to+reinstate+Trump-era+%22Remain+in+Mexico%22+asylum+policy&rft.date=2021-08-14&rft.aulast=Montoya-Galvez&rft.aufirst=Camilo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fjudge-orders-u-s-to-reinstate-trump-era-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-mexico-courts-health-immigration-fa8250193e4177ba50ad9f3deb11dbe1">"Supreme Court halts reinstating 'Remain in Mexico' policy"</a>. AP News. August 20, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210823041321/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-mexico-courts-health-immigration-fa8250193e4177ba50ad9f3deb11dbe1">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+halts+reinstating+%27Remain+in+Mexico%27+policy&rft.date=2021-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fjoe-biden-mexico-courts-health-immigration-fa8250193e4177ba50ad9f3deb11dbe1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2021" class="citation web cs1">Diaz, Jaclyn (August 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/08/24/1030829693/supreme-court-remain-in-mexico">"Supreme Court Orders the 'Remain in Mexico' Policy Reinstated for Asylum-Seekers"</a>. 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October 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBB+News&rft.atitle=Biden+approves+new+section+of+border+wall+as+Mexico+crossings+rise&rft.date=2023-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-67015137.amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKn948LUX8I&ab_channel=PBSNewsHour">"WATCH LIVE: FBI Director Wray, DHS head Mayorkas testify in Senate hearing on threats to U.S."</a> PBS NewsHour. 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Retrieved December 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=WATCH+LIVE%3A+FBI+Director+Wray%2C+DHS+head+Mayorkas+testify+in+Senate+hearing+on+threats+to+U.S.&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZKn948LUX8I%26ab_channel%3DPBSNewsHour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mayorkas-confirms-over-600k-illegal-immigrants-evaded-law-enforcement-southern-border">"Mayorkas confirms over 600,000 illegal immigrants evaded law enforcement at southern border last fiscal year"</a>. Fox News. October 31, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211102151/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mayorkas-confirms-over-600k-illegal-immigrants-evaded-law-enforcement-southern-border">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Mayorkas+confirms+over+600%2C000+illegal+immigrants+evaded+law+enforcement+at+southern+border+last+fiscal+year&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fmayorkas-confirms-over-600k-illegal-immigrants-evaded-law-enforcement-southern-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/26/politics/refugee-cap/index.html">"Biden administration plans to keep refugee cap at 125,000"</a>. CNN. 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ABC News. Retrieved January 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Biden+tells+ABC%27s+David+Muir+%27yes%27+he%27ll+run+again%2C+Trump+rematch+would+%27increase+the+prospect%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fbiden-tells-abcs-david-muir-hell-run-trump%2Fstory%3Fid%3D81901418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-696"><a href="#cite_ref-696">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1UC89H4Swc">President Joe Biden: The 2022 60 Minutes Interview</a>, September 18, 2022, retrieved January 7, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=President+Joe+Biden%3A+The+2022+60+Minutes+Interview&rft.date=2022-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Du1UC89H4Swc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-697"><a href="#cite_ref-697">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D94yt3ditog">NBC News Exclusive: One-On-One with President Biden</a>, February 10, 2022, retrieved January 7, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NBC+News+Exclusive%3A+One-On-One+with+President+Biden&rft.date=2022-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DD94yt3ditog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-698"><a href="#cite_ref-698">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHpImN2644U">Interview: Norah O'Donnell Interviews Joe Biden at The White House – February 5, 2021</a>, February 8, 2021, retrieved January 7, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Norah+O%27Donnell+Interviews+Joe+Biden+at+The+White+House+%E2%80%93+February+5%2C+2021&rft.date=2021-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXHpImN2644U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-699"><a href="#cite_ref-699">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6Ks3BnFymQ">Historian Heather Cox Richardson interviews President Joe Biden February 25, 2022</a>, March 4, 2022, retrieved January 7, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historian+Heather+Cox+Richardson+interviews+President+Joe+Biden+February+25%2C+2022&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DR6Ks3BnFymQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-700"><a href="#cite_ref-700">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KutIWGd2fk8">BRIAN TYLER COHEN INTERVIEWS PRESIDENT BIDEN</a>, February 26, 2022, retrieved January 7, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BRIAN+TYLER+COHEN+INTERVIEWS+PRESIDENT+BIDEN&rft.date=2022-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DKutIWGd2fk8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-701"><a href="#cite_ref-701">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokolsEgan2023" class="citation web cs1">Stokols, Eli; Egan, Lauren (February 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/west-wing-playbook/2023/02/06/will-biden-sit-down-with-fox-00081310">"Will Biden sit down with Fox?"</a>. POLITICO. Retrieved February 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Will+Biden+sit+down+with+Fox%3F&rft.date=2023-02-06&rft.aulast=Stokols&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft.au=Egan%2C+Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnewsletters%2Fwest-wing-playbook%2F2023%2F02%2F06%2Fwill-biden-sit-down-with-fox-00081310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-702"><a href="#cite_ref-702">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jun/05/joe-biden-few-press-interviews-media-access">"Biden gives far fewer interviews than his predecessors – could his caution backfire?"</a>. The Guardian. June 5, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Biden+gives+far+fewer+interviews+than+his+predecessors+%E2%80%93+could+his+caution+backfire%3F&rft.date=2022-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2022%2Fjun%2F05%2Fjoe-biden-few-press-interviews-media-access&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoer2023" class="citation book cs1">Foer, Franklin (2023). The Last Politician: Inside Joe Biden's White House and the Struggle for America's Future. New York: Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-98114-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-98114-6"><bdi>978-1-101-98114-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1395141546">1395141546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Politician%3A+Inside+Joe+Biden%27s+White+House+and+the+Struggle+for+America%27s+Future&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1395141546&rft.isbn=978-1-101-98114-6&rft.aulast=Foer&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C32ZVF19/?asin=B0C32ZVF19&revisionId=f42595d0&format=2&depth=1">Excerpt</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne2022" class="citation book cs1">Wayne, Stephen J. (2022). The Biden Presidency: Politics, Policy, and Polarization. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-032-01007-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-032-01007-6"><bdi>978-1-032-01007-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1306538369">1306538369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biden+Presidency%3A+Politics%2C+Policy%2C+and+Polarization&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1306538369&rft.isbn=978-1-032-01007-6&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Biden-Presidency-Politics-Policy-Polarization-ebook/dp/B0BDPPP8ZB/">Excerpt</a>; covers first 18 months.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhipple2023" class="citation book cs1">Whipple, Chris (2023). The Fight of His Life: Inside Joe Biden's White House. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-0643-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-0643-0"><bdi>978-1-9821-0643-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1333841502">1333841502</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fight+of+His+Life%3A+Inside+Joe+Biden%27s+White+House&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1333841502&rft.isbn=978-1-9821-0643-0&rft.aulast=Whipple&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Joe+Biden" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Fight-His-Life-Inside-Bidens/dp/1982106433/">Excerpt</a>; comprehensive history of first two years.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joe_Biden" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joe_Biden" title="Template:Joe Biden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joe_Biden" title="Template talk:Joe Biden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joe_Biden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joe Biden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joe_Biden" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">47th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware">from Delaware</a> (1973–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="Early life and career of Joe Biden">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="US Senate career of Joe Biden">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden#Vice_presidency_(2009–2017)" title="Joe Biden">Vice presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></li> <li>Task forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Violence_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun Violence Task Force">Gun Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Task_Force_to_Protect_Students_from_Sexual_Assault" title="White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault">Protect Students from Sexual Assault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">First Trump transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_Information_Procedures_Act" title="Classified Information Procedures Act">Classified Information Procedures Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Counterterrorism_Act_of_1995" title="Omnibus Counterterrorism Act of 1995">Counterterrorism Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_Against_Women_Act" title="Violence Against Women Act">Violence Against Women Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of political appointments by Joe Biden">Appointments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Agriculture_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Agriculture appointments by Joe Biden">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Commerce_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Commerce appointments by Joe Biden">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Defense_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Defense appointments by Joe Biden">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Education_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Education appointments by Joe Biden">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Energy_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Energy appointments by Joe Biden">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Executive_Office_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Executive Office appointments by Joe Biden">Executive Office appointments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Health and Human Services appointments by Joe Biden">HHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Homeland_Security_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Homeland Security appointments by Joe Biden">Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Housing and Urban Development appointments by Joe Biden">HUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Interior_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Interior appointments by Joe Biden">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Justice_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Justice appointments by Joe Biden">Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Joe Biden">U.S. attorneys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Labor_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Labor appointments by Joe Biden">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_State_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of State appointments by Joe Biden">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden">ambassadors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Transportation_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Transportation appointments by Joe Biden">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Treasury_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Treasury appointments by Joe Biden">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Veterans Affairs appointments by Joe Biden">Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Police_Emergency_Assistance_Act_of_2021" title="Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021">Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2022" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENACER_Act" title="RENACER Act">RENACER Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act" title="Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act">Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022" title="Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_Filing_Fee_Modernization_Act_of_2021" title="Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2021">Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_TikTok_on_Government_Devices_Act" title="No TikTok on Government Devices Act">No TikTok on Government Devices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnant_Workers_Fairness_Act" title="Pregnant Workers Fairness Act">Pregnant Workers Fairness Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Antitrust_Enforcement_Venue_Act_of_2021" title="State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act of 2021">State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act" title="Emmett Till Antilynching Act">Emmett Till Antilynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act" title="Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act">Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honoring_our_PACT_Act_of_2022" title="Honoring our PACT Act of 2022">PACT Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2023" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_Reform_Act_of_2022" title="Postal Service Reform Act of 2022">Postal Service Reform Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speak_Out_Act" title="Speak Out Act">Speak Out Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Origin_Act_of_2023" title="COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023">COVID-19 Origin Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2024" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America" title="Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America">DCA agreement between Finland and the US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADVANCE_Act" title="ADVANCE Act">ADVANCE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_118-50" title="Public Law 118-50">National Security Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act" title="Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act">Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Joe Biden administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 policy of the Joe Biden administration">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biden_v._Nebraska" title="Biden v. Nebraska">Biden v. Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_and_ethics_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Electoral and ethics policy of the Joe Biden administration">Electoral and ethical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States">Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_for_Democracy" title="Summit for Democracy">Summit for Democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate" title="2021 Leaders Summit on Climate">2021 Leaders Summit on Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13990" title="Executive Order 13990">Executive Order 13990</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident" title="2023 Chinese balloon incident">2023 Chinese balloon incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Japanese%E2%80%93Korean_trilateral_pact" title="American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact">Camp David Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit to Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">War in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">accusation of genocide complicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange" title="2024 Ankara prisoner exchange">Russian prisoner exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Social policy of the Joe Biden administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Space policy of the Joe Biden administration">Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_preparations_for_the_inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden">security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Joe Biden presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q4%E2%80%93January_2025)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q4–January 2025)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Second Trump transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">Classified documents incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Joe_Biden" title="Efforts to impeach Joe Biden">Efforts to impeach</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">House Oversight Committee investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of executive actions by Joe Biden">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of proclamations by Joe Biden">proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">Opinion polling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2021 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2022 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2024 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2021)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2022)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2023)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2024%E2%80%9325)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2024–25)">2024–2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden">international</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Joe_Biden" title="Electoral history of Joe Biden">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1978 United States Senate election in Delaware">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1984 United States Senate election in Delaware">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1990 United States Senate election in Delaware">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1996 United States Senate election in Delaware">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2002 United States Senate election in Delaware">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2008 United States Senate election in Delaware">2008</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates#October_2:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama#Biden_Senate_transition" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates#October_11:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Centre_College)" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basement_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Basement campaign">basement campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations">organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_congressional_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign congressional endorsements">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements">state and territorial officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements">municipal officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces">Unity Task Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">protest vote movements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Joe_Biden" title="Family of Joe Biden">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Francis_Blewitt" title="Edward Francis Blewitt">Edward Francis Blewitt</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neilia_Hunter_Biden" title="Neilia Hunter Biden">Neilia Hunter Biden</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Biden" title="James Biden">James Biden</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Biden_Owens" title="Valerie Biden Owens">Valerie Biden Owens</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden" title="Beau Biden">Beau Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Biden" title="Ashley Biden">Ashley Biden</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Krein" title="Howard Krein">Howard Krein</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallie_Olivere_Biden" title="Hallie Olivere Biden">Hallie Olivere Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Buhle" title="Kathleen Buhle">Kathleen Buhle</a> (former daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Cohen_Biden" title="Melissa Cohen Biden">Melissa Cohen Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Naomi Biden">Naomi Biden</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li>Dogs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(dog)" title="Champ (dog)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(Joe_Biden%27s_dog)" title="Major (Joe Biden's dog)">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(dog)" title="Commander (dog)">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(cat)" title="Willow (cat)">Willow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Joe_Biden" title="Bibliography of Joe Biden">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promises_to_Keep_(memoir)" title="Promises to Keep (memoir)">Promises to Keep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promise_Me,_Dad" title="Promise Me, Dad">Promise Me, Dad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Will_Be_Different" title="Tomorrow Will Be Different">Tomorrow Will Be Different (foreword)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden#Inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inaugural address</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Joe_Biden_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2021 Joe Biden speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2023 State of the Union Address">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2024 State of the Union Address">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Soul_of_the_Nation_speech" title="Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech">Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(film)" title="Confirmation (film)">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Choice_2020" title="The Choice 2020">The Choice 2020</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Intro_to_Political_Science" title="Intro to Political Science">Intro to Political Science</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Son_Hunter" title="My Son Hunter">My Son Hunter</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Ride" title="One Last Ride">One Last Ride</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_(The_Onion)" title="Joe Biden (The Onion)">The Onion's "Diamond Joe"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President" title="Our Cartoon President">Our Cartoon President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Joe_Biden" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden">Saturday Night Live parodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">Spitting Image</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Age and health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of awards and honors received by Joe Biden">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden_Cancer_Moonshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot">Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden_Foundation" title="Biden Foundation">Biden Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_a_shotgun" title="Buy a shotgun">Buy a shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Joe_Biden" title="List of things named after Joe Biden">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">Hunter Biden laptop controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Did_That!" title="I Did That!">I Did That!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joever" class="mw-redirect" title="Joever">Joever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Brandon" title="Let's Go Brandon">Let's Go Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Joe_Biden" title="Public image of Joe Biden">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_sexual_assault_allegation" title="Joe Biden sexual assault allegation">Sexual assault allegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Joe_(nickname)" title="Sleepy Joe (nickname)">Sleepy Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">← Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">← Dick Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Joe_Biden" title="Category:Joe Biden">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kamala_Harris" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kamala_Harris" title="Template:Kamala Harris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kamala_Harris" title="Template talk:Kamala Harris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kamala_Harris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kamala Harris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kamala_Harris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">49th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">from California</a> (2017–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_California" title="Attorney General of California">Attorney General of California</a> (2011–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_District_Attorney%27s_Office" title="San Francisco District Attorney's Office">District Attorney of San Francisco</a> (2004–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Early life and career of Kamala Harris">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_as_Attorney_General_of_California" title="Kamala Harris as Attorney General of California">California Attorney General tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris#U.S._Senator_(2017–2021)" title="Kamala Harris">U.S. Senate career</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justice_for_Victims_of_Lynching_Act" title="Justice for Victims of Lynching Act">Justice for Victims of Lynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Opportunity_Reinvestment_and_Expungement_Act" title="Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act">MORE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_Relief_Act" title="Rent Relief Act">Rent Relief Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris#Vice_presidency_(2021–present)" title="Kamala Harris">Vice presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Gun_Violence_Prevention" title="White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention">White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">Political positions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Electoral history of Kamala Harris">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">California</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>District attorney <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Kamala_Harris#2003" title="Electoral history of Kamala Harris">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_San_Francisco_general_election#District_attorney" title="2007 San Francisco general election">2007</a></li></ul></li> <li>Attorney general <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2010 California Attorney General election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_California_Attorney_General_election" title="2014 California Attorney General election">2014</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. Senate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="2016 United States Senate election in California">2016</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#October_7:_Vice_presidential_debate_(University_of_Utah)" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden#Harris_Senate_transition" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">Biden withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris presidential campaign">Presidential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">2020 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_congressional_legislators_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign congressional legislators endorsements">congressional legislators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_federal_executive_officials_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign federal executive officials endorsements">federal executive officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Trump_administration_officials_who_endorsed_Kamala_Harris" title="List of former Trump administration officials who endorsed Kamala Harris">former Trump officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_international_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign international endorsements">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_sub-national_officials_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign sub-national officials endorsements">sub-national officials</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates#September_10:_Second_presidential_debate_(ABC,_Philadelphia)" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_presidential_transition_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Planned presidential transition of Kamala Harris">planned transition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smart_on_Crime" title="Smart on Crime">Smart on Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheroes_Are_Everywhere" title="Superheroes Are Everywhere">Superheroes Are Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Truths_We_Hold" title="The Truths We Hold">The Truths We Hold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Public image of Kamala Harris">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_47th" title="The 47th">The 47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHive" title="KHive">KHive</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_did_it,_Joe!" title="We did it, Joe!">We did it, Joe!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_think_you_just_fell_out_of_a_coconut_tree%3F" title="You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?">You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kamala_is_for_they/them" title="Kamala is for they/them">Kamala is for they/them</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Family of Kamala Harris">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Gopalan" title="P. V. Gopalan">P. V. Gopalan</a> (maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamala_Gopalan" title="Shyamala Gopalan">Shyamala Gopalan</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Harris" title="Maya Harris">Maya Harris</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meena_Harris" title="Meena Harris">Meena Harris</a> (niece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Harris" title="Donald J. Harris">Donald J. Harris</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Emhoff" title="Doug Emhoff">Doug Emhoff</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Emhoff" title="Ella Emhoff">Ella Emhoff</a> (stepdaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_West_(attorney)" title="Tony West (attorney)">Tony West</a> (brother-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">← Mike Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Kamala_Harris" title="Category:Kamala Harris">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kamala_Harris" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kamala Harris">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_presidents" title="Template:US presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_presidents" title="Template talk:US presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">Presidents of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents and presidencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="display:flex"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;flex:1;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">1789–1797</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">1797–1801</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Thomas_Jefferson" title="Presidency of Thomas Jefferson">1801–1809</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Madison" title="Presidency of James Madison">1809–1817</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe" title="Presidency of James Monroe">1817–1825</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">1825–1829</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">1829–1837</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">1837–1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison#Presidency_(1841)" title="William Henry Harrison">1841</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Tyler" title="Presidency of John Tyler">1841–1845</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">1845–1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Presidency_(1849–1850)" title="Zachary Taylor">1849–1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Presidency of Millard Fillmore">1850–1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">1853–1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">1857–1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">1861–1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">1865–1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant">1869–1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes">1877–1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield#Presidency_(1881)" title="James A. Garfield">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Chester_A._Arthur" title="Presidency of Chester A. Arthur">1881–1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland#First_presidency_(1885–1889)" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">1885–1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison" title="Presidency of Benjamin Harrison">1889–1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland#Second_presidency_(1893–1897)" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">1893–1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_McKinley" title="Presidency of William McKinley">1897–1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">1901–1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Howard_Taft" title="Presidency of William Howard Taft">1909–1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">1913–1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidency of Warren G. Harding">1921–1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge" title="Presidency of Calvin Coolidge">1923–1929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Presidency of Herbert Hoover">1929–1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt">1933–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">1945–1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1953–1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">1961–1963</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">1963–1969</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">1969–1974</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Presidency of Gerald Ford">1974–1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">1977–1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">1981–1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">1989–1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">1993–2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">2001–2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">2009–2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">2017–2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">2021–present</a>)</li></ol> </div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_McKinley_presidency" title="Timeline of the William McKinley presidency">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Theodore Roosevelt presidency">T. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_Howard_Taft_presidency" title="Timeline of the William Howard Taft presidency">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Woodrow Wilson presidency">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Warren_G._Harding_presidency" title="Timeline of the Warren G. Harding presidency">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Calvin_Coolidge_presidency" title="Timeline of the Calvin Coolidge presidency">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Herbert_Hoover_presidency" title="Timeline of the Herbert Hoover presidency">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency">F. D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_presidency" title="Timeline of the Harry S. Truman presidency">Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_presidency" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy presidency">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency">L. B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Richard_Nixon_presidency" title="Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gerald_Ford_presidency" title="Timeline of the Gerald Ford presidency">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_presidency" title="Timeline of the Ronald Reagan presidency">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency">G. H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">G. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Presidents of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;;background:#3333FF; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National conventions</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential tickets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/None</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biden</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House leaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate leaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and territorial parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> 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