CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Zainab Saad Ahmed | University of Baghdad - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="5nYZ00xrx5SdVfd/9+nQuu205mo8jJUSi37YtVBQMCfGqloybTF3bzXYsTPz7r0xihRMyNQ4LEuGp3lUJRb8tQ==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-9e8218e1301001388038e3fc3427ed00d079a4760ff7745d1ec1b2d59103170a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="zainab saad ahmed" /> <meta name="description" content="Zainab Saad Ahmed, University of Baghdad: 2 Followers, 6 Following, 7 Research papers. Research interests: Cross-linguistic influence, Praat, and Phonetics…" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '39314d9bcf4522f48eeb027cf31da0a13496d2ce'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15250,"monthly_visitors":"31 million","monthly_visitor_count":31300000,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":31,"user_count":278541264,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733910903000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733910903000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-0fb6fc03c471832908791ad7ddba619b6165b3ccf7ae0f65cf933f34b0b660a7.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-d5854328bc91ab2b28af9c6857c9f49cfdbb149be89e12296a993fabf6dcef2e.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-700c857c6fb770c5546959fb228388932166f478d0a341d5e1b83fefe9642caf.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-7440ccdb9a947f5b431b894f0a50b54810878a59feb1410ac6dba853a257ca90.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/70747377/32715936/101935933/s65_zainab_saad.ahmed.jpg","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":204599,"name":"English Department","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/Departments/English_Department/Documents","university":{"id":20338,"name":"University of Baghdad","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Post-Doc","position_id":2,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":400629,"name":"Cross-linguistic influence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-linguistic_influence"},{"id":300329,"name":"Praat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Praat"},{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology"},{"id":1417,"name":"Language Acquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Acquisition"},{"id":3324,"name":"Arabic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed","location":"/ZainabSaadAhmed","scheme":"https","host":"uobaghdad.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ZainabSaadAhmed","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-4364a206-66bf-4e7e-a4d7-da062fcbe18d"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-4364a206-66bf-4e7e-a4d7-da062fcbe18d"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Zainab Saad Ahmed" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/70747377/32715936/101935933/s200_zainab_saad.ahmed.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Zainab Saad Ahmed</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/">University of Baghdad</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/Departments/English_Department/Documents">English Department</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Post-Doc</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Zainab Saad" data-follow-user-id="70747377" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="70747377"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">2</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">6</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Linguistics is Life<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70747377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-linguistic_influence"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed","location":"/ZainabSaadAhmed","scheme":"https","host":"uobaghdad.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ZainabSaadAhmed","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Cross-linguistic influence"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-bdffa330-5490-4974-8282-337c603d5c58"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-bdffa330-5490-4974-8282-337c603d5c58"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70747377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Praat"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Praat"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-09db5dff-85f7-470b-8bc6-f2d50bc19759"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-09db5dff-85f7-470b-8bc6-f2d50bc19759"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70747377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Phonetics and Phonology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-31b9002f-6c0f-4d53-915b-69fa031b3858"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-31b9002f-6c0f-4d53-915b-69fa031b3858"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70747377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Acquisition"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Language Acquisition"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-f65a6d36-ec1d-4404-a3d0-2343b6883f6b"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-f65a6d36-ec1d-4404-a3d0-2343b6883f6b"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70747377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Arabic"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-af126d37-b742-4859-9d81-cd064a9fd58c"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-af126d37-b742-4859-9d81-cd064a9fd58c"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Zainab Saad Ahmed</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99236928"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99236928/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100379063/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99236928/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective">Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Advances in Language and Literary Studies</span><span>, Dec 28, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e781fdcf3a0b7b2924b500184d102589" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100379063,"asset_id":99236928,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100379063/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99236928"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99236928"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99236928; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99236928]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99236928]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99236928; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99236928']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99236928, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e781fdcf3a0b7b2924b500184d102589" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99236928]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99236928,"title":"Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Australian International Academic Centre","grobid_abstract":"This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.","publication_date":{"day":28,"month":12,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Advances in Language and Literary Studies","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":100379063},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99236928/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-28T12:03:09.533-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":100379063,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100379063/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100379063/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/100379063/0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841-libre.pdf?1680036505=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSimplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=ZWdI5KCAlkRN54DiQJzZ12Q5UfJSgsL8vmtZOtoSAHPPe8PUPy35kDgWM0stcFbrkQe01YUfPsgO8XDK7kjI9vY6N6TfS~U95HrFsoGKL-vM1TaNftNgVu1c7LjXeBzbKQ-xYPIIfxuAEZBLoE4Lt5Gn5ZlU4yJkaI9ZW19rP8DJ~YAXpHpbGa5HLuBoLacYXGxHSp0x1qS1-TGHWP2Ep0c3gQXdfADS7J1MKEc7yJqvDanGqmP2hWLXlML12fydfoodJeZ~oHYca8DFn-CTrZmSBYvxaXmCY5-lDGGD21JSALzTW5eEA2UXGun~Za1a-D2HNDCRP1C00l2XQf-3Iw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":100379063,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100379063/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100379063/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/100379063/0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841-libre.pdf?1680036505=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSimplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=ZWdI5KCAlkRN54DiQJzZ12Q5UfJSgsL8vmtZOtoSAHPPe8PUPy35kDgWM0stcFbrkQe01YUfPsgO8XDK7kjI9vY6N6TfS~U95HrFsoGKL-vM1TaNftNgVu1c7LjXeBzbKQ-xYPIIfxuAEZBLoE4Lt5Gn5ZlU4yJkaI9ZW19rP8DJ~YAXpHpbGa5HLuBoLacYXGxHSp0x1qS1-TGHWP2Ep0c3gQXdfADS7J1MKEc7yJqvDanGqmP2hWLXlML12fydfoodJeZ~oHYca8DFn-CTrZmSBYvxaXmCY5-lDGGD21JSALzTW5eEA2UXGun~Za1a-D2HNDCRP1C00l2XQf-3Iw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics"},{"id":525054,"name":"Markedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markedness"},{"id":1673005,"name":"Language Linguistics and literary studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Linguistics_and_literary_studies"}],"urls":[{"id":30139030,"url":"http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b701/0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170488"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170488/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594728/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170488/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry">Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4488245a4ef3f63d158e5a69303dddcf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594728,"asset_id":98170488,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594728/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170488"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170488"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170488; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170488]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170488]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170488; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170488']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170488, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4488245a4ef3f63d158e5a69303dddcf" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170488]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170488,"title":"Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Analyzing Metrical Parameters in Modern English Poetry","grobid_abstract":"One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594728},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170488/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:51:18.278-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594728,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594728/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594728/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594728/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry-libre.pdf?1678301548=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dvUYPsXhWCuwmnwk~m9BolxrJyRgHD8hgAfACq5GZLj8r0zeD~R5IZhaDCToEUXZEbqXKGKeZCBtvrc-FYuZPAjGCajCC4cprvyBXUlyCFE1eIJF9wXKB8FbxhNJL7zDXfb7H-89cmM4HvbaoZdGqx7V3BcYDW7d-G7-nLM3FY-SfrcHFizyuDhOKcQP81hCPcMaYo5kBsBuhul7sj-qPycU-DwNU-pEKEPdjLeH5Adnujp7b8j7SaWHzWSK-1CqKcvde0RCBsl93h7xLRoRyqWYqJBCfKzhCjU0GKW-plopZmgaEhRUjyHFLtxDLpAxLRwmYNSOedr0QvSErX8vxw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594728,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594728/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594728/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594728/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry-libre.pdf?1678301548=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dvUYPsXhWCuwmnwk~m9BolxrJyRgHD8hgAfACq5GZLj8r0zeD~R5IZhaDCToEUXZEbqXKGKeZCBtvrc-FYuZPAjGCajCC4cprvyBXUlyCFE1eIJF9wXKB8FbxhNJL7zDXfb7H-89cmM4HvbaoZdGqx7V3BcYDW7d-G7-nLM3FY-SfrcHFizyuDhOKcQP81hCPcMaYo5kBsBuhul7sj-qPycU-DwNU-pEKEPdjLeH5Adnujp7b8j7SaWHzWSK-1CqKcvde0RCBsl93h7xLRoRyqWYqJBCfKzhCjU0GKW-plopZmgaEhRUjyHFLtxDLpAxLRwmYNSOedr0QvSErX8vxw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170365"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170365/METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODERN_ENGLISH_AND_ARABIC_POETRY_A_CONTRASTIVE_STUDY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of METRICAL PHONOLOGY IN CLASSICAL AND MODERN ENGLISH AND ARABIC POETRY: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594696/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170365/METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODERN_ENGLISH_AND_ARABIC_POETRY_A_CONTRASTIVE_STUDY">METRICAL PHONOLOGY IN CLASSICAL AND MODERN ENGLISH AND ARABIC POETRY: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="81cd5645bcc6cca1e811b4d58564be4f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594696,"asset_id":98170365,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594696/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170365"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170365"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170365; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170365]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170365]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170365; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170365']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170365, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "81cd5645bcc6cca1e811b4d58564be4f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170365]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170365,"title":"METRICAL PHONOLOGY IN CLASSICAL AND MODERN ENGLISH AND ARABIC POETRY: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"This study explores the metrical structure of Classical and Modern English and Arabic poetry, highlighting their similarities and differences in terms of metrical parameters, syllables, feet, and meters. Through the analysis of sixteen poems, it finds that feet-headed by left syllables are prevalent in Classical English poetry, while right-headed feet are more common in Modern English poetry. In contrast, Classical Arabic poetry favors right-headed feet, whereas Modern Arabic poetry is dominated by left-headed feet. The research identifies the hierarchical influence of metrical layers on stress patterns and offers recommendations for future studies."},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170365/METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODERN_ENGLISH_AND_ARABIC_POETRY_A_CONTRASTIVE_STUDY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.750-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594696,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594696/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Abstract_موتمر1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594696/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594696/Abstract_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B11-libre.pdf?1678301526=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMETRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODE.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dfgVH~Oq0DCrCeuwHAn4ftHLXg3zI-Oj5yAWLUjBgv1gO8P~gSEjQ14O-HHJVTztkzIvD3uccMdkfDtiWumhjbIxBzKJc2bXPR2sr9EItfxM1WhgW5O-yCJRdarzScxer1pOjrpcOim8f~noitFmGtSsTsFGbOuoECFHzXpkRC6QsNhwuTBle60Cne9qkDwW-toc-4riVX9X79jVkVmBp-AP4xMUswOkM7VKLfT6wwyh65dC81sPZZtqlOZy56Kx32dccoyvmfLyCBB7UtXmcnB2CMP8X-h~iEMApTEf-zpvgsky~GUArM2o-Fa2NK0z5IapTFkWk7YFHxPt6Pc6gA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODERN_ENGLISH_AND_ARABIC_POETRY_A_CONTRASTIVE_STUDY","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594696,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594696/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Abstract_موتمر1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594696/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594696/Abstract_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B11-libre.pdf?1678301526=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMETRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODE.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dfgVH~Oq0DCrCeuwHAn4ftHLXg3zI-Oj5yAWLUjBgv1gO8P~gSEjQ14O-HHJVTztkzIvD3uccMdkfDtiWumhjbIxBzKJc2bXPR2sr9EItfxM1WhgW5O-yCJRdarzScxer1pOjrpcOim8f~noitFmGtSsTsFGbOuoECFHzXpkRC6QsNhwuTBle60Cne9qkDwW-toc-4riVX9X79jVkVmBp-AP4xMUswOkM7VKLfT6wwyh65dC81sPZZtqlOZy56Kx32dccoyvmfLyCBB7UtXmcnB2CMP8X-h~iEMApTEf-zpvgsky~GUArM2o-Fa2NK0z5IapTFkWk7YFHxPt6Pc6gA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170364"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170364/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594562/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170364/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry">Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="28fb593e2a02b4854a5e915c6adb17f2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594562,"asset_id":98170364,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594562/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170364"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170364"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170364; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170364]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170364; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170364']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170364, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "28fb593e2a02b4854a5e915c6adb17f2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170364]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170364,"title":"Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594562},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170364/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.747-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594562,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594562/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594562/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594562/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry-libre.pdf?1678297516=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=fY2-6Qpk~HUDE7WnT5tyd4TIevFUQrcUIqee2zIOqLOBg5urAWBr8FHZBNvFhkKOaDXbQKHfSPbpvVFAFUahIpfB2DAGGBSqJlvkuASfxxjgTT0UXUbDMH2W1F-sNCXfXxQ1XuCL2W8tjorO24xrm3aVs31rLfBmQyj4tCZd~A848iLILXoBCL6ZshnZnCCGLautWQWaJ0WXaru5pVG4pmAc5A3V1JT2tfl-nxCdfx-szGHGdjEalucIxpH0wvMn-Uknq0kX-nUY26apYYCnLeDFde-Od8Or4Vh~O~j6Qa5rvgg6h~FFgg20FgG3tFXXe8~doalCgad9MGH6~kCXhw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594562,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594562/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594562/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594562/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry-libre.pdf?1678297516=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=fY2-6Qpk~HUDE7WnT5tyd4TIevFUQrcUIqee2zIOqLOBg5urAWBr8FHZBNvFhkKOaDXbQKHfSPbpvVFAFUahIpfB2DAGGBSqJlvkuASfxxjgTT0UXUbDMH2W1F-sNCXfXxQ1XuCL2W8tjorO24xrm3aVs31rLfBmQyj4tCZd~A848iLILXoBCL6ZshnZnCCGLautWQWaJ0WXaru5pVG4pmAc5A3V1JT2tfl-nxCdfx-szGHGdjEalucIxpH0wvMn-Uknq0kX-nUY26apYYCnLeDFde-Od8Or4Vh~O~j6Qa5rvgg6h~FFgg20FgG3tFXXe8~doalCgad9MGH6~kCXhw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170363"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170363/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poetry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Phonology in Modern Arabic Poetry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594576/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170363/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poetry">Metrical Phonology in Modern Arabic Poetry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels is one o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels is one of the essential objectives of Metrical Phonology Theory. The subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are steady in poetry compared to other literary texts that is why its analysis demonstrates one of the most outstanding and debatable metrical issues. The roots of Metrical Phonology Theory are derived from prosody which studies poetic meters and versification. In Arabic, the starting point of metrical analysis is prosodic analysis which can be attributed to ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.). This study aims at pinpointing the values of two metrical parameters in modern Arabic poetry. To achieve this aim first five lines of modern Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the two metrical parameters along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). These two parameters are: Foot-Headedness and Foot-Inventory. The main conclusions have shown: Foot-Headed-Left and trochaic feet values.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8d7c6308b7ed5af2b7709beaba8e35ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594576,"asset_id":98170363,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594576/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170363"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170363"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170363; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170363]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170363]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170363; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170363']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170363, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8d7c6308b7ed5af2b7709beaba8e35ec" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170363]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170363,"title":"Metrical Phonology in Modern Arabic Poetry","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels is one of the essential objectives of Metrical Phonology Theory. The subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are steady in poetry compared to other literary texts that is why its analysis demonstrates one of the most outstanding and debatable metrical issues. The roots of Metrical Phonology Theory are derived from prosody which studies poetic meters and versification. In Arabic, the starting point of metrical analysis is prosodic analysis which can be attributed to ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.). This study aims at pinpointing the values of two metrical parameters in modern Arabic poetry. To achieve this aim first five lines of modern Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the two metrical parameters along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). These two parameters are: Foot-Headedness and Foot-Inventory. The main conclusions have shown: Foot-Headed-Left and trochaic feet values.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594576},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170363/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poetry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.564-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594576,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594576/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"129.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594576/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poet.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594576/129-libre.pdf?1678297521=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poet.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dg~M4CMApBtO6DECsDgjGEuaTP1lPeP46rDKbKwU~8QG7X~m9-2SJyBD-WK5UXWhzNng9dsRGmX3oXQ6~H5xlXiJs71-R~HefFSPlBZftWYJgJx9GaMgshws1dF7eo4RjArmfzmbB9MVj4mSuucxiGH9X31VpDZtnMdv4elrsZWIrqGmQQWrpQnB4G3eIMtcl~HGm75DKP12xetL~XiiYrNqpmfusuntWXA~gbXEV6z6Wxu~aEn7PQDB63TUmfDxvDcWDrDmZSVKDpanfwAFsQH27n9YiwlQVnDGUi3vswcwIaUVhYKI-KwTAg2-SkCbg07RC5e7geHudzUk3ZJVYQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poetry","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels is one of the essential objectives of Metrical Phonology Theory. The subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are steady in poetry compared to other literary texts that is why its analysis demonstrates one of the most outstanding and debatable metrical issues. The roots of Metrical Phonology Theory are derived from prosody which studies poetic meters and versification. In Arabic, the starting point of metrical analysis is prosodic analysis which can be attributed to ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.). This study aims at pinpointing the values of two metrical parameters in modern Arabic poetry. To achieve this aim first five lines of modern Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the two metrical parameters along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). These two parameters are: Foot-Headedness and Foot-Inventory. The main conclusions have shown: Foot-Headed-Left and trochaic feet values.","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594576,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594576/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"129.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594576/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poet.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594576/129-libre.pdf?1678297521=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poet.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dg~M4CMApBtO6DECsDgjGEuaTP1lPeP46rDKbKwU~8QG7X~m9-2SJyBD-WK5UXWhzNng9dsRGmX3oXQ6~H5xlXiJs71-R~HefFSPlBZftWYJgJx9GaMgshws1dF7eo4RjArmfzmbB9MVj4mSuucxiGH9X31VpDZtnMdv4elrsZWIrqGmQQWrpQnB4G3eIMtcl~HGm75DKP12xetL~XiiYrNqpmfusuntWXA~gbXEV6z6Wxu~aEn7PQDB63TUmfDxvDcWDrDmZSVKDpanfwAFsQH27n9YiwlQVnDGUi3vswcwIaUVhYKI-KwTAg2-SkCbg07RC5e7geHudzUk3ZJVYQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170362"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170362/Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English_and_Arabic_Poetry_A_Contrastive_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Phonology in Classical English and Arabic Poetry: A Contrastive Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594570/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170362/Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English_and_Arabic_Poetry_A_Contrastive_Study">Metrical Phonology in Classical English and Arabic Poetry: A Contrastive Study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">One of the prominent goals of Metrical Phonology Theory is providing stress of poetry on the syll...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">One of the prominent goals of Metrical Phonology Theory is providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels. Analysing poetry is one of the most prominent and controversial issues for the involved number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are stable in poetry compared to other literary texts. The prosodic seeds of the theory have been planted by Firth (1948) in English, while in Arabic ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.) has done so. Investigating the metrical structure of poetry has been conducted in various languages, whereas scrutinising the metrical structure of English and Arabic poetry has received little attention. This study aims at capturing the similarities and differences between Classical English and Arabic poetry manifested in the value of one metrical parameter. To achieve this aim ten lines of Classical English and Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the one metrical parameter along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). This parameter is extrametricality which allows ignoring the peripheral elements when capturing the metrical structure of poetry. The main conclusion has shown that Classical English Poetry indicates extrametricality more than Classical Arabic Poetry.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3bacdaf9e6b702bb748089e60f0cdb53" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594570,"asset_id":98170362,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594570/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170362"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170362; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170362]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170362]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170362; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170362']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170362, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3bacdaf9e6b702bb748089e60f0cdb53" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170362]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170362,"title":"Metrical Phonology in Classical English and Arabic Poetry: A Contrastive Study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"One of the prominent goals of Metrical Phonology Theory is providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels. Analysing poetry is one of the most prominent and controversial issues for the involved number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are stable in poetry compared to other literary texts. The prosodic seeds of the theory have been planted by Firth (1948) in English, while in Arabic ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.) has done so. Investigating the metrical structure of poetry has been conducted in various languages, whereas scrutinising the metrical structure of English and Arabic poetry has received little attention. This study aims at capturing the similarities and differences between Classical English and Arabic poetry manifested in the value of one metrical parameter. To achieve this aim ten lines of Classical English and Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the one metrical parameter along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). This parameter is extrametricality which allows ignoring the peripheral elements when capturing the metrical structure of poetry. The main conclusion has shown that Classical English Poetry indicates extrametricality more than Classical Arabic Poetry.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594570},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170362/Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English_and_Arabic_Poetry_A_Contrastive_Study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.556-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594570,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594570/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"124.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594570/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594570/124-libre.pdf?1678297535=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=UJrKGjy0PfOUuwbYUdM6pnwVciuidXARPwWtk3yNPnEnfVxhffj3n8V45RitMJdi3i4SyPK5AdrEyyw3usW~J4nlO-Fys4SiI7VsyLjtfhLAMIaaIuG5hwWX8JBhbmisdE-W-LQ5cfIWJOwBUP92i0v2B3dF-J0A2ppn1Ep7qbiHi6JQaQASjdmmXpHlEAKko9UbKhTYWZQf-n4wAK~N7a~fmTSZwqWDUZDH5BqVtZouMPk7k1eP-Nh50NpzamN~S6VYX-xVSMnhXBdL6wrV-ny-BEf6CN5L8gHMFfVtJ0e~Fm9~rKS5T8zXHfAKpUPHcleW6bCzxnRwWoKYs9zJHw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English_and_Arabic_Poetry_A_Contrastive_Study","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"One of the prominent goals of Metrical Phonology Theory is providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels. Analysing poetry is one of the most prominent and controversial issues for the involved number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are stable in poetry compared to other literary texts. The prosodic seeds of the theory have been planted by Firth (1948) in English, while in Arabic ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.) has done so. Investigating the metrical structure of poetry has been conducted in various languages, whereas scrutinising the metrical structure of English and Arabic poetry has received little attention. This study aims at capturing the similarities and differences between Classical English and Arabic poetry manifested in the value of one metrical parameter. To achieve this aim ten lines of Classical English and Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the one metrical parameter along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). This parameter is extrametricality which allows ignoring the peripheral elements when capturing the metrical structure of poetry. The main conclusion has shown that Classical English Poetry indicates extrametricality more than Classical Arabic Poetry.","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594570,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594570/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"124.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594570/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594570/124-libre.pdf?1678297535=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=UJrKGjy0PfOUuwbYUdM6pnwVciuidXARPwWtk3yNPnEnfVxhffj3n8V45RitMJdi3i4SyPK5AdrEyyw3usW~J4nlO-Fys4SiI7VsyLjtfhLAMIaaIuG5hwWX8JBhbmisdE-W-LQ5cfIWJOwBUP92i0v2B3dF-J0A2ppn1Ep7qbiHi6JQaQASjdmmXpHlEAKko9UbKhTYWZQf-n4wAK~N7a~fmTSZwqWDUZDH5BqVtZouMPk7k1eP-Nh50NpzamN~S6VYX-xVSMnhXBdL6wrV-ny-BEf6CN5L8gHMFfVtJ0e~Fm9~rKS5T8zXHfAKpUPHcleW6bCzxnRwWoKYs9zJHw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170361"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170361/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594698/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170361/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective">Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6536b378ce70d9d9cff8b90f2f524bd7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594698,"asset_id":98170361,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594698/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170361"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170361]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170361']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170361, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6536b378ce70d9d9cff8b90f2f524bd7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170361]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170361,"title":"Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Markedness of English Word-final Clusters by Iraqi EFL Students","grobid_abstract":"This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594698},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170361/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.543-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":39608008,"work_id":98170361,"tagging_user_id":70747377,"tagged_user_id":186001563,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***i@colang.uobaghdad.edu.iq","affiliation":"University of Baghdad","display_order":0,"name":"Dr. Mahdi al-Utbi","title":"Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594698,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594698/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"5000_10708_1_SM_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594698/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594698/5000_10708_1_SM_1-libre.pdf?1678301538=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSimplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=McvzAwNl1E7QX3zVSFMJUvEmLclPu-~25QryolDCRwLegqN6XSIcKZdXITizBdmsEzbUHzHnZWE4g3EmzIGmXOd2en0JxzDqwwXvcgSzgQ5RDFiukyShq9CeqFz50Wh3~RX1eT67Trnl2V7rnjBQYjbhp5DngcYVQ-t8autQO4LKpfiWdwYh0YE5-tzz1AUmh7KmvfnVoHyC1vCYLdhVBE19wE0~jj79kDZCrdzD82Fxd3tn~D9eXQHMKN~ur0p288sHM1B-lQA27-Jx5DFo~oAgfCsw6R17I2V2U2JbjwGFlhItM-r~6LRLdKmbpgU9GIUNALnWPOwBjTkqMmF77A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594698,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594698/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"5000_10708_1_SM_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594698/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594698/5000_10708_1_SM_1-libre.pdf?1678301538=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSimplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=McvzAwNl1E7QX3zVSFMJUvEmLclPu-~25QryolDCRwLegqN6XSIcKZdXITizBdmsEzbUHzHnZWE4g3EmzIGmXOd2en0JxzDqwwXvcgSzgQ5RDFiukyShq9CeqFz50Wh3~RX1eT67Trnl2V7rnjBQYjbhp5DngcYVQ-t8autQO4LKpfiWdwYh0YE5-tzz1AUmh7KmvfnVoHyC1vCYLdhVBE19wE0~jj79kDZCrdzD82Fxd3tn~D9eXQHMKN~ur0p288sHM1B-lQA27-Jx5DFo~oAgfCsw6R17I2V2U2JbjwGFlhItM-r~6LRLdKmbpgU9GIUNALnWPOwBjTkqMmF77A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="17281231" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99236928"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99236928/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100379063/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99236928/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective">Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Advances in Language and Literary Studies</span><span>, Dec 28, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e781fdcf3a0b7b2924b500184d102589" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100379063,"asset_id":99236928,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100379063/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99236928"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99236928"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99236928; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99236928]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99236928]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99236928; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99236928']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99236928, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e781fdcf3a0b7b2924b500184d102589" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99236928]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99236928,"title":"Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Australian International Academic Centre","grobid_abstract":"This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.","publication_date":{"day":28,"month":12,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Advances in Language and Literary Studies","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":100379063},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99236928/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-28T12:03:09.533-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":100379063,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100379063/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100379063/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/100379063/0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841-libre.pdf?1680036505=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSimplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=ZWdI5KCAlkRN54DiQJzZ12Q5UfJSgsL8vmtZOtoSAHPPe8PUPy35kDgWM0stcFbrkQe01YUfPsgO8XDK7kjI9vY6N6TfS~U95HrFsoGKL-vM1TaNftNgVu1c7LjXeBzbKQ-xYPIIfxuAEZBLoE4Lt5Gn5ZlU4yJkaI9ZW19rP8DJ~YAXpHpbGa5HLuBoLacYXGxHSp0x1qS1-TGHWP2Ep0c3gQXdfADS7J1MKEc7yJqvDanGqmP2hWLXlML12fydfoodJeZ~oHYca8DFn-CTrZmSBYvxaXmCY5-lDGGD21JSALzTW5eEA2UXGun~Za1a-D2HNDCRP1C00l2XQf-3Iw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":100379063,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100379063/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100379063/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/100379063/0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841-libre.pdf?1680036505=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSimplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=ZWdI5KCAlkRN54DiQJzZ12Q5UfJSgsL8vmtZOtoSAHPPe8PUPy35kDgWM0stcFbrkQe01YUfPsgO8XDK7kjI9vY6N6TfS~U95HrFsoGKL-vM1TaNftNgVu1c7LjXeBzbKQ-xYPIIfxuAEZBLoE4Lt5Gn5ZlU4yJkaI9ZW19rP8DJ~YAXpHpbGa5HLuBoLacYXGxHSp0x1qS1-TGHWP2Ep0c3gQXdfADS7J1MKEc7yJqvDanGqmP2hWLXlML12fydfoodJeZ~oHYca8DFn-CTrZmSBYvxaXmCY5-lDGGD21JSALzTW5eEA2UXGun~Za1a-D2HNDCRP1C00l2XQf-3Iw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics"},{"id":525054,"name":"Markedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markedness"},{"id":1673005,"name":"Language Linguistics and literary studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Linguistics_and_literary_studies"}],"urls":[{"id":30139030,"url":"http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b701/0b6d562ac9a591b61d65268b23f367a4c841.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170488"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170488/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594728/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170488/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry">Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4488245a4ef3f63d158e5a69303dddcf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594728,"asset_id":98170488,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594728/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170488"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170488"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170488; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170488]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170488]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170488; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170488']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170488, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4488245a4ef3f63d158e5a69303dddcf" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170488]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170488,"title":"Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Analyzing Metrical Parameters in Modern English Poetry","grobid_abstract":"One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594728},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170488/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:51:18.278-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594728,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594728/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594728/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594728/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry-libre.pdf?1678301548=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dvUYPsXhWCuwmnwk~m9BolxrJyRgHD8hgAfACq5GZLj8r0zeD~R5IZhaDCToEUXZEbqXKGKeZCBtvrc-FYuZPAjGCajCC4cprvyBXUlyCFE1eIJF9wXKB8FbxhNJL7zDXfb7H-89cmM4HvbaoZdGqx7V3BcYDW7d-G7-nLM3FY-SfrcHFizyuDhOKcQP81hCPcMaYo5kBsBuhul7sj-qPycU-DwNU-pEKEPdjLeH5Adnujp7b8j7SaWHzWSK-1CqKcvde0RCBsl93h7xLRoRyqWYqJBCfKzhCjU0GKW-plopZmgaEhRUjyHFLtxDLpAxLRwmYNSOedr0QvSErX8vxw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594728,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594728/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594728/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594728/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry-libre.pdf?1678301548=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dvUYPsXhWCuwmnwk~m9BolxrJyRgHD8hgAfACq5GZLj8r0zeD~R5IZhaDCToEUXZEbqXKGKeZCBtvrc-FYuZPAjGCajCC4cprvyBXUlyCFE1eIJF9wXKB8FbxhNJL7zDXfb7H-89cmM4HvbaoZdGqx7V3BcYDW7d-G7-nLM3FY-SfrcHFizyuDhOKcQP81hCPcMaYo5kBsBuhul7sj-qPycU-DwNU-pEKEPdjLeH5Adnujp7b8j7SaWHzWSK-1CqKcvde0RCBsl93h7xLRoRyqWYqJBCfKzhCjU0GKW-plopZmgaEhRUjyHFLtxDLpAxLRwmYNSOedr0QvSErX8vxw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170365"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170365/METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODERN_ENGLISH_AND_ARABIC_POETRY_A_CONTRASTIVE_STUDY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of METRICAL PHONOLOGY IN CLASSICAL AND MODERN ENGLISH AND ARABIC POETRY: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594696/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170365/METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODERN_ENGLISH_AND_ARABIC_POETRY_A_CONTRASTIVE_STUDY">METRICAL PHONOLOGY IN CLASSICAL AND MODERN ENGLISH AND ARABIC POETRY: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="81cd5645bcc6cca1e811b4d58564be4f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594696,"asset_id":98170365,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594696/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170365"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170365"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170365; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170365]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170365]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170365; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170365']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170365, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "81cd5645bcc6cca1e811b4d58564be4f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170365]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170365,"title":"METRICAL PHONOLOGY IN CLASSICAL AND MODERN ENGLISH AND ARABIC POETRY: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_abstract":"This study explores the metrical structure of Classical and Modern English and Arabic poetry, highlighting their similarities and differences in terms of metrical parameters, syllables, feet, and meters. Through the analysis of sixteen poems, it finds that feet-headed by left syllables are prevalent in Classical English poetry, while right-headed feet are more common in Modern English poetry. In contrast, Classical Arabic poetry favors right-headed feet, whereas Modern Arabic poetry is dominated by left-headed feet. The research identifies the hierarchical influence of metrical layers on stress patterns and offers recommendations for future studies."},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170365/METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODERN_ENGLISH_AND_ARABIC_POETRY_A_CONTRASTIVE_STUDY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.750-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594696,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594696/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Abstract_موتمر1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594696/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594696/Abstract_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B11-libre.pdf?1678301526=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMETRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODE.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dfgVH~Oq0DCrCeuwHAn4ftHLXg3zI-Oj5yAWLUjBgv1gO8P~gSEjQ14O-HHJVTztkzIvD3uccMdkfDtiWumhjbIxBzKJc2bXPR2sr9EItfxM1WhgW5O-yCJRdarzScxer1pOjrpcOim8f~noitFmGtSsTsFGbOuoECFHzXpkRC6QsNhwuTBle60Cne9qkDwW-toc-4riVX9X79jVkVmBp-AP4xMUswOkM7VKLfT6wwyh65dC81sPZZtqlOZy56Kx32dccoyvmfLyCBB7UtXmcnB2CMP8X-h~iEMApTEf-zpvgsky~GUArM2o-Fa2NK0z5IapTFkWk7YFHxPt6Pc6gA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODERN_ENGLISH_AND_ARABIC_POETRY_A_CONTRASTIVE_STUDY","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594696,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594696/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Abstract_موتمر1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594696/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"METRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594696/Abstract_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B11-libre.pdf?1678301526=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMETRICAL_PHONOLOGY_IN_CLASSICAL_AND_MODE.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dfgVH~Oq0DCrCeuwHAn4ftHLXg3zI-Oj5yAWLUjBgv1gO8P~gSEjQ14O-HHJVTztkzIvD3uccMdkfDtiWumhjbIxBzKJc2bXPR2sr9EItfxM1WhgW5O-yCJRdarzScxer1pOjrpcOim8f~noitFmGtSsTsFGbOuoECFHzXpkRC6QsNhwuTBle60Cne9qkDwW-toc-4riVX9X79jVkVmBp-AP4xMUswOkM7VKLfT6wwyh65dC81sPZZtqlOZy56Kx32dccoyvmfLyCBB7UtXmcnB2CMP8X-h~iEMApTEf-zpvgsky~GUArM2o-Fa2NK0z5IapTFkWk7YFHxPt6Pc6gA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170364"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170364/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594562/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170364/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry">Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="28fb593e2a02b4854a5e915c6adb17f2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594562,"asset_id":98170364,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594562/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170364"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170364"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170364; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170364]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170364; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170364']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170364, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "28fb593e2a02b4854a5e915c6adb17f2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170364]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170364,"title":"Metrical Phonology in Modern English Poetry","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594562},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170364/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.747-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594562,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594562/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594562/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594562/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry-libre.pdf?1678297516=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=fY2-6Qpk~HUDE7WnT5tyd4TIevFUQrcUIqee2zIOqLOBg5urAWBr8FHZBNvFhkKOaDXbQKHfSPbpvVFAFUahIpfB2DAGGBSqJlvkuASfxxjgTT0UXUbDMH2W1F-sNCXfXxQ1XuCL2W8tjorO24xrm3aVs31rLfBmQyj4tCZd~A848iLILXoBCL6ZshnZnCCGLautWQWaJ0WXaru5pVG4pmAc5A3V1JT2tfl-nxCdfx-szGHGdjEalucIxpH0wvMn-Uknq0kX-nUY26apYYCnLeDFde-Od8Or4Vh~O~j6Qa5rvgg6h~FFgg20FgG3tFXXe8~doalCgad9MGH6~kCXhw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metrical parameters in modern English poetry. To achieve this aim, the first five lines of Tennyson's poem 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' are decided to pass through by examining the five metrical parameters along with Pearl et al. (2009).","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594562,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594562/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594562/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594562/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poetry-libre.pdf?1678297516=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_English_Poe.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=fY2-6Qpk~HUDE7WnT5tyd4TIevFUQrcUIqee2zIOqLOBg5urAWBr8FHZBNvFhkKOaDXbQKHfSPbpvVFAFUahIpfB2DAGGBSqJlvkuASfxxjgTT0UXUbDMH2W1F-sNCXfXxQ1XuCL2W8tjorO24xrm3aVs31rLfBmQyj4tCZd~A848iLILXoBCL6ZshnZnCCGLautWQWaJ0WXaru5pVG4pmAc5A3V1JT2tfl-nxCdfx-szGHGdjEalucIxpH0wvMn-Uknq0kX-nUY26apYYCnLeDFde-Od8Or4Vh~O~j6Qa5rvgg6h~FFgg20FgG3tFXXe8~doalCgad9MGH6~kCXhw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170363"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170363/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poetry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Phonology in Modern Arabic Poetry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594576/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170363/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poetry">Metrical Phonology in Modern Arabic Poetry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels is one o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels is one of the essential objectives of Metrical Phonology Theory. The subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are steady in poetry compared to other literary texts that is why its analysis demonstrates one of the most outstanding and debatable metrical issues. The roots of Metrical Phonology Theory are derived from prosody which studies poetic meters and versification. In Arabic, the starting point of metrical analysis is prosodic analysis which can be attributed to ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.). This study aims at pinpointing the values of two metrical parameters in modern Arabic poetry. To achieve this aim first five lines of modern Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the two metrical parameters along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). These two parameters are: Foot-Headedness and Foot-Inventory. The main conclusions have shown: Foot-Headed-Left and trochaic feet values.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8d7c6308b7ed5af2b7709beaba8e35ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594576,"asset_id":98170363,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594576/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170363"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170363"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170363; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170363]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170363]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170363; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170363']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170363, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8d7c6308b7ed5af2b7709beaba8e35ec" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170363]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170363,"title":"Metrical Phonology in Modern Arabic Poetry","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels is one of the essential objectives of Metrical Phonology Theory. The subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are steady in poetry compared to other literary texts that is why its analysis demonstrates one of the most outstanding and debatable metrical issues. The roots of Metrical Phonology Theory are derived from prosody which studies poetic meters and versification. In Arabic, the starting point of metrical analysis is prosodic analysis which can be attributed to ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.). This study aims at pinpointing the values of two metrical parameters in modern Arabic poetry. To achieve this aim first five lines of modern Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the two metrical parameters along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). These two parameters are: Foot-Headedness and Foot-Inventory. The main conclusions have shown: Foot-Headed-Left and trochaic feet values.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594576},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170363/Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poetry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.564-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594576,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594576/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"129.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594576/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poet.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594576/129-libre.pdf?1678297521=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poet.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dg~M4CMApBtO6DECsDgjGEuaTP1lPeP46rDKbKwU~8QG7X~m9-2SJyBD-WK5UXWhzNng9dsRGmX3oXQ6~H5xlXiJs71-R~HefFSPlBZftWYJgJx9GaMgshws1dF7eo4RjArmfzmbB9MVj4mSuucxiGH9X31VpDZtnMdv4elrsZWIrqGmQQWrpQnB4G3eIMtcl~HGm75DKP12xetL~XiiYrNqpmfusuntWXA~gbXEV6z6Wxu~aEn7PQDB63TUmfDxvDcWDrDmZSVKDpanfwAFsQH27n9YiwlQVnDGUi3vswcwIaUVhYKI-KwTAg2-SkCbg07RC5e7geHudzUk3ZJVYQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poetry","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels is one of the essential objectives of Metrical Phonology Theory. The subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are steady in poetry compared to other literary texts that is why its analysis demonstrates one of the most outstanding and debatable metrical issues. The roots of Metrical Phonology Theory are derived from prosody which studies poetic meters and versification. In Arabic, the starting point of metrical analysis is prosodic analysis which can be attributed to ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.). This study aims at pinpointing the values of two metrical parameters in modern Arabic poetry. To achieve this aim first five lines of modern Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the two metrical parameters along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). These two parameters are: Foot-Headedness and Foot-Inventory. The main conclusions have shown: Foot-Headed-Left and trochaic feet values.","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594576,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594576/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"129.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594576/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poet.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594576/129-libre.pdf?1678297521=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Modern_Arabic_Poet.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=dg~M4CMApBtO6DECsDgjGEuaTP1lPeP46rDKbKwU~8QG7X~m9-2SJyBD-WK5UXWhzNng9dsRGmX3oXQ6~H5xlXiJs71-R~HefFSPlBZftWYJgJx9GaMgshws1dF7eo4RjArmfzmbB9MVj4mSuucxiGH9X31VpDZtnMdv4elrsZWIrqGmQQWrpQnB4G3eIMtcl~HGm75DKP12xetL~XiiYrNqpmfusuntWXA~gbXEV6z6Wxu~aEn7PQDB63TUmfDxvDcWDrDmZSVKDpanfwAFsQH27n9YiwlQVnDGUi3vswcwIaUVhYKI-KwTAg2-SkCbg07RC5e7geHudzUk3ZJVYQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170362"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170362/Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English_and_Arabic_Poetry_A_Contrastive_Study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Phonology in Classical English and Arabic Poetry: A Contrastive Study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594570/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170362/Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English_and_Arabic_Poetry_A_Contrastive_Study">Metrical Phonology in Classical English and Arabic Poetry: A Contrastive Study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">One of the prominent goals of Metrical Phonology Theory is providing stress of poetry on the syll...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">One of the prominent goals of Metrical Phonology Theory is providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels. Analysing poetry is one of the most prominent and controversial issues for the involved number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are stable in poetry compared to other literary texts. The prosodic seeds of the theory have been planted by Firth (1948) in English, while in Arabic ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.) has done so. Investigating the metrical structure of poetry has been conducted in various languages, whereas scrutinising the metrical structure of English and Arabic poetry has received little attention. This study aims at capturing the similarities and differences between Classical English and Arabic poetry manifested in the value of one metrical parameter. To achieve this aim ten lines of Classical English and Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the one metrical parameter along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). This parameter is extrametricality which allows ignoring the peripheral elements when capturing the metrical structure of poetry. The main conclusion has shown that Classical English Poetry indicates extrametricality more than Classical Arabic Poetry.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3bacdaf9e6b702bb748089e60f0cdb53" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594570,"asset_id":98170362,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594570/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170362"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170362; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170362]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170362]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170362; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170362']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170362, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3bacdaf9e6b702bb748089e60f0cdb53" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170362]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170362,"title":"Metrical Phonology in Classical English and Arabic Poetry: A Contrastive Study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"One of the prominent goals of Metrical Phonology Theory is providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels. Analysing poetry is one of the most prominent and controversial issues for the involved number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are stable in poetry compared to other literary texts. The prosodic seeds of the theory have been planted by Firth (1948) in English, while in Arabic ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.) has done so. Investigating the metrical structure of poetry has been conducted in various languages, whereas scrutinising the metrical structure of English and Arabic poetry has received little attention. This study aims at capturing the similarities and differences between Classical English and Arabic poetry manifested in the value of one metrical parameter. To achieve this aim ten lines of Classical English and Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the one metrical parameter along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). This parameter is extrametricality which allows ignoring the peripheral elements when capturing the metrical structure of poetry. The main conclusion has shown that Classical English Poetry indicates extrametricality more than Classical Arabic Poetry.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594570},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170362/Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English_and_Arabic_Poetry_A_Contrastive_Study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.556-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594570,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594570/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"124.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594570/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594570/124-libre.pdf?1678297535=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=UJrKGjy0PfOUuwbYUdM6pnwVciuidXARPwWtk3yNPnEnfVxhffj3n8V45RitMJdi3i4SyPK5AdrEyyw3usW~J4nlO-Fys4SiI7VsyLjtfhLAMIaaIuG5hwWX8JBhbmisdE-W-LQ5cfIWJOwBUP92i0v2B3dF-J0A2ppn1Ep7qbiHi6JQaQASjdmmXpHlEAKko9UbKhTYWZQf-n4wAK~N7a~fmTSZwqWDUZDH5BqVtZouMPk7k1eP-Nh50NpzamN~S6VYX-xVSMnhXBdL6wrV-ny-BEf6CN5L8gHMFfVtJ0e~Fm9~rKS5T8zXHfAKpUPHcleW6bCzxnRwWoKYs9zJHw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English_and_Arabic_Poetry_A_Contrastive_Study","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"One of the prominent goals of Metrical Phonology Theory is providing stress of poetry on the syllable-, the foot-, and the phonological word-levels. Analysing poetry is one of the most prominent and controversial issues for the involved number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are stable in poetry compared to other literary texts. The prosodic seeds of the theory have been planted by Firth (1948) in English, while in Arabic ‫اهيدي‬ ‫الفر‬ in the second half of the eighth century (A.D.) has done so. Investigating the metrical structure of poetry has been conducted in various languages, whereas scrutinising the metrical structure of English and Arabic poetry has received little attention. This study aims at capturing the similarities and differences between Classical English and Arabic poetry manifested in the value of one metrical parameter. To achieve this aim ten lines of Classical English and Arabic poetry are decided upon to undergo the scanning of the one metrical parameter along the lines of Pearl, et al. (2009). This parameter is extrametricality which allows ignoring the peripheral elements when capturing the metrical structure of poetry. The main conclusion has shown that Classical English Poetry indicates extrametricality more than Classical Arabic Poetry.","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594570,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594570/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"124.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594570/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594570/124-libre.pdf?1678297535=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Phonology_in_Classical_English.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=UJrKGjy0PfOUuwbYUdM6pnwVciuidXARPwWtk3yNPnEnfVxhffj3n8V45RitMJdi3i4SyPK5AdrEyyw3usW~J4nlO-Fys4SiI7VsyLjtfhLAMIaaIuG5hwWX8JBhbmisdE-W-LQ5cfIWJOwBUP92i0v2B3dF-J0A2ppn1Ep7qbiHi6JQaQASjdmmXpHlEAKko9UbKhTYWZQf-n4wAK~N7a~fmTSZwqWDUZDH5BqVtZouMPk7k1eP-Nh50NpzamN~S6VYX-xVSMnhXBdL6wrV-ny-BEf6CN5L8gHMFfVtJ0e~Fm9~rKS5T8zXHfAKpUPHcleW6bCzxnRwWoKYs9zJHw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98170361"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170361/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594698/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98170361/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective">Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6536b378ce70d9d9cff8b90f2f524bd7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99594698,"asset_id":98170361,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594698/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98170361"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98170361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98170361]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98170361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98170361']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98170361, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6536b378ce70d9d9cff8b90f2f524bd7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98170361]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98170361,"title":"Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Markedness of English Word-final Clusters by Iraqi EFL Students","grobid_abstract":"This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":99594698},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98170361/Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-08T09:48:30.543-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":70747377,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":39608008,"work_id":98170361,"tagging_user_id":70747377,"tagged_user_id":186001563,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***i@colang.uobaghdad.edu.iq","affiliation":"University of Baghdad","display_order":0,"name":"Dr. Mahdi al-Utbi","title":"Simplification Strategies in the Production of English Word-final Obstruent Clusters by Iraqi EFL College Students from A Markedness Theory Perspective"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99594698,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594698/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"5000_10708_1_SM_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594698/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594698/5000_10708_1_SM_1-libre.pdf?1678301538=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSimplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=McvzAwNl1E7QX3zVSFMJUvEmLclPu-~25QryolDCRwLegqN6XSIcKZdXITizBdmsEzbUHzHnZWE4g3EmzIGmXOd2en0JxzDqwwXvcgSzgQ5RDFiukyShq9CeqFz50Wh3~RX1eT67Trnl2V7rnjBQYjbhp5DngcYVQ-t8autQO4LKpfiWdwYh0YE5-tzz1AUmh7KmvfnVoHyC1vCYLdhVBE19wE0~jj79kDZCrdzD82Fxd3tn~D9eXQHMKN~ur0p288sHM1B-lQA27-Jx5DFo~oAgfCsw6R17I2V2U2JbjwGFlhItM-r~6LRLdKmbpgU9GIUNALnWPOwBjTkqMmF77A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Production_of_English_Word_final_Obstruent_Clusters_by_Iraqi_EFL_College_Students_from_A_Markedness_Theory_Perspective","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This study investigates the phonotactics of English obstruent clusters in the word-final position from a markedness theory perspective among Iraqi EFL College Students whose native language, Arabic, prefers only two-member word-final obstruent cluster as a maximum. The markedness of clusters is measured depending on Iraqi EFL College Students' utilization of the simplification strategies. This study tries to answer whether or not word-final obstruent clusters are marked or unmarked for Iraqi EFL College Students, and whether or not the markedness of the obstruent cluster increases as to its length. In order to answer these questions, a test has been distributed among 60 Iraqi EFL Fourth-Year College students, Department of English, College of Arts-University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018 involving a list of words and sentences containing word-final obstruent clusters. The study concludes that word-final obstruent clusters are marked due to the fact that the obstruents are universally marked in the coda. The fourmember obstruent clusters are more marked than the three-member obstruent clusters which are in turn more marked than the two-member obstruent clusters.","owner":{"id":70747377,"first_name":"Zainab Saad","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"ZainabSaadAhmed","domain_name":"uobaghdad","created_at":"2017-11-01T00:31:51.898-07:00","display_name":"Zainab Saad Ahmed","url":"https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed"},"attachments":[{"id":99594698,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99594698/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"5000_10708_1_SM_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99594698/download_file?st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzkxMDkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Simplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99594698/5000_10708_1_SM_1-libre.pdf?1678301538=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSimplification_Strategies_in_the_Product.pdf\u0026Expires=1733914503\u0026Signature=McvzAwNl1E7QX3zVSFMJUvEmLclPu-~25QryolDCRwLegqN6XSIcKZdXITizBdmsEzbUHzHnZWE4g3EmzIGmXOd2en0JxzDqwwXvcgSzgQ5RDFiukyShq9CeqFz50Wh3~RX1eT67Trnl2V7rnjBQYjbhp5DngcYVQ-t8autQO4LKpfiWdwYh0YE5-tzz1AUmh7KmvfnVoHyC1vCYLdhVBE19wE0~jj79kDZCrdzD82Fxd3tn~D9eXQHMKN~ur0p288sHM1B-lQA27-Jx5DFo~oAgfCsw6R17I2V2U2JbjwGFlhItM-r~6LRLdKmbpgU9GIUNALnWPOwBjTkqMmF77A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "586101ac9ef347142eed078ee6e14dcbb7ce3cd559b1adb9712eac3b1c9417b6", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="8Hk5gH1/4FKo7KxmekNNFMBTH6xqAPFEOJ0Z5gwbeT3QpXphXCVQqQBh6ip+RCCfp/O1DoK0SB01RLgHeV21rw==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/ZainabSaadAhmed" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="shi+0VK9iMDnk3eCgjL+LyMcddkHgN+ReHDateCnEm+SxP0wc+c4O08eMc6GNZOkRLzfe+80Zsh1qXtUleHe/Q==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>