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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-人話" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人話"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>人話</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人話-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-程式語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#程式語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>程式語言</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-程式語言-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去程式語言細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-程式語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview_of_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_of_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Overview of process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_of_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-解析器嘅款" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#解析器嘅款"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>解析器嘅款</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-解析器嘅款-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-解析器嘅例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#解析器嘅例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>解析器嘅例</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-解析器嘅例-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去解析器嘅例細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-解析器嘅例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Top-down_parsers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top-down_parsers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Top-down parsers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top-down_parsers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bottom-up_parsers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bottom-up_parsers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bottom-up parsers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bottom-up_parsers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參攷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參攷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參攷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參攷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-再睇下" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#再睇下"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>再睇下</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-再睇下-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去再睇下細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-再睇下-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-解析器嘅概念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#解析器嘅概念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>解析器嘅概念</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-解析器嘅概念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-整解析器嘅軟件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#整解析器嘅軟件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>整解析器嘅軟件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-整解析器嘅軟件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-自由軟件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自由軟件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>自由軟件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自由軟件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-維基媒體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#維基媒體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1.1</span> <span>維基媒體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-維基媒體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-商" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#商"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>商</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-商-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>註</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">解析</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有37種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A6%D8%A9_(%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9)" title="تجزئة (لغة) – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجزئة (لغة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="বাক্যাত্মক পদপরিচয় – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাক্যাত্মক পদপরিচয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntaktick%C3%A1_anal%C3%BDza" title="Syntaktická analýza – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Syntaktická analýza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsning" title="Parsning – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Parsning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parsing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_(%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%82)" title="Συντακτική ανάλυση (υπολογιστές) – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συντακτική ανάλυση (υπολογιστές)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Parsing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintaksa_analizo" title="Sintaksa analizo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sintaksa analizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsimine" title="Parsimine – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Parsimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="تجزیه‌کننده – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تجزیه‌کننده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4sent%C3%A4minen" title="Jäsentäminen – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jäsentäminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyse_syntaxique" title="Analyse syntaxique – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Analyse syntaxique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ניתוח מחרוזות – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניתוח מחרוזות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" title="वाक्यात्मक पदपरिचय – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाक्यात्मक पदपरिचय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsiranje" title="Parsiranje – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Parsiranje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemz%C5%91_(informatika)" title="Elemző (informatika) – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elemző (informatika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1)" title="Շարահյուսական վերլուծություն (ինֆորմատիկա) – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շարահյուսական վերլուծություն (ինֆորմատիկա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parsing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parsing" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="構文解析 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="構文解析" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Синтаксистік талдау – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Синтаксистік талдау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%AC%B8_%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D" title="구문 분석 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구문 분석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Расчленување (информатика) – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Расчленување (информатика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Parsing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A1lise_sint%C3%A1tica_(computa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Análise sintática (computação) – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Análise sintática (computação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsare" title="Parsare – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Parsare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Синтаксический анализ – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синтаксический анализ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1%C4%8Dlanjivanje" title="Raščlanjivanje – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Raščlanjivanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Parsing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntaktick%C3%A1_anal%C3%BDza" title="Syntaktická analýza – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Syntaktická analýza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1%C4%8Dlanjivanje" title="Raščlanjivanje – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Raščlanjivanje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntaxanalys" title="Syntaxanalys – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syntaxanalys" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="இலக்கணப் பாகுபடுத்தி – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலக்கணப் பாகுபடுத்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Parsing" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Синтаксичний аналіз – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Синтаксичний аналіз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_t%C3%ADch_c%C3%BA_ph%C3%A1p" title="Phân tích cú pháp – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân tích cú pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="语法分析 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语法分析" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q194152#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&oldid=1978128" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&id=1978128&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A7%25A3%25E6%259E%2590"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A7%25A3%25E6%259E%2590"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Parsing" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q194152" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2009783">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-translation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">呢篇文或者呢段要 <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E8%AB%8B%E6%B1%82" title="Wikipedia:翻譯請求">翻譯</a>（或者由 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/parsing" class="extiw" title="en:parsing">en:parsing</a>加料）。<span class="hide-when-compact"> 請<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit">譯</a></span>佢。<br /> 上次編輯：2023年5月1號 22:32。<small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="Wikipedia:翻譯">翻譯指引</a>)</small></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A" title="Wikipedia:搞清楚"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>  <small>想搵程式語言嘅話，請睇<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parser_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parser (程式語言) (無呢版)">Parser (程式語言)</a></b></small><small>。</small></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parsing-example.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Parsing-example.png/220px-Parsing-example.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Parsing-example.png/330px-Parsing-example.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Parsing-example.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="130" /></a><figcaption>解析數學公式嘅示意圖</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="電算">電算</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="語言學">語言學</a>入面，<b>解析</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en"><b>parsing</b></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，又叫 <span lang="en" title="英文文字"><b>syntactic analysis</b></span> ）係指分析一串語言資訊，決定佢喺某種<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="形式語法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="formal grammar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="形式語法 (無呢版)">形式語法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/formal_grammar" class="extiw" title="en:formal grammar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">formal grammar</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="en" title="英文文字">formal grammar</span>）中嘅語法結構（<span lang="en" title="英文文字">grammatical structure</span>）嘅過程。 </p><p>喺電算，上面講嘅語言資訊並唔係<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="源碼">源碼</a>，而係一種叫 <span lang="en" title="英文文字">token</span>（臺譯｢符記｣）嘅數據，<span lang="en" title="英文文字">token</span> 係已經用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%83%E6%8F%8F%E5%99%A8_(%E7%B7%A8%E7%A8%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="掃描器 (編程)">掃描器</a>（<span lang="en" title="英文文字">scanner</span>，又叫 <span lang="en" title="英文文字">lexer</span>）將原碼掃咗一次，而得出嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E7%A2%BC" title="識別碼">識別碼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E5%AD%97" title="保留字">保留字</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%B8%B2" title="字串">字串</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="數字">數字</a>或者其他符號，而解析就係指將 token 重新組合成一種對應原內容語法結構嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="數據結構">數據結構</a>，方便以後處理，用嘅數據結構通常會係一棵<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9_(%E5%9C%96%E8%AB%96)" class="mw-redirect" title="樹 (圖論)">樹</a>，叫<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E6%A8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解析樹 (無呢版)">解析樹</a>（<span lang="en" title="英文文字">parse tree</span>），而做呢樣嘢嘅嘢就叫<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="解析器">解析器</a>（<span lang="en" title="英文文字">parser</span>）。 </p> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; text-align: left;"> <div class="NavHead" style="color: blue; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; font-weight:normal; border-bottom:solid gray 1px;font-size:small;"> 下面段文未譯好，歡迎你幫手。</div><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px;"> <p>Parsing is also an earlier term for the diagramming of sentences of natural languages, and is still used for the diagramming of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inflection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inflection (無呢版)">inflected</a> languages, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romance_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romance languages (無呢版)">Roman languages</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin (無呢版)">Latin</a>. </p><p>There are tools, called parser generators, that can automatically generate a parser (in some programming language) from a grammar written in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Backus-Naur_form&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Backus-Naur form (無呢版)">Backus-Naur form</a> (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yet_Another_Compiler_Compiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yet Another Compiler Compiler (無呢版)">Yacc</a> - yet another compiler compiler). </p> </div></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人話"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E8.A9.B1"></span>人話</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 人話"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; text-align: left;"> <div class="NavHead" style="color: blue; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; font-weight:normal; border-bottom:solid gray 1px;font-size:small;"> 下面段文未譯好，歡迎你幫手。</div><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px;"> <p>In some <a href="/wiki/Machine_translation" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine translation">machine translation</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_language_processing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural language processing (無呢版)">natural language processing</a> systems, human languages are parsed by computer programs. Human sentences are not easily parsed by programs, as there is substantial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syntactic_ambiguity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syntactic ambiguity (無呢版)">ambiguity</a> in the structure of human language. In order to parse natural language data, researchers must first agree on the <a href="/wiki/Grammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammar">grammar</a> to be used. The choice of syntax is affected by both <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linguistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linguistic (無呢版)">linguistic</a> and computational concerns; for instance some parsing systems use <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexical_functional_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexical functional grammar (無呢版)">lexical functional grammar</a>, but in general, parsing for grammars of this type is known to be <a href="/w/index.php?title=NP-complete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NP-complete (無呢版)">NP-complete</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Head-driven_phrase_structure_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Head-driven phrase structure grammar (無呢版)">Head-driven phrase structure grammar</a> is another linguistic formalism which has been popular in the parsing community, but other research efforts have focused on less complex formalisms such as the one used in the Penn <a href="/wiki/Treebank" title="Treebank">Treebank</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shallow_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shallow parsing (無呢版)">Shallow parsing</a> aims to find only the boundaries of major constituents such as noun phrases. Another popular strategy for avoiding linguistic controversy is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dependency_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dependency grammar (無呢版)">dependency grammar</a> parsing. </p><p>Most modern parsers are at least partly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistics (無呢版)">statistical</a>; that is, they rely on a corpus of training data which has already been annotated (parsed by hand). This approach allows the system to gather information about the frequency with which various constructions occur in specific contexts. <i>(See <a href="/w/index.php?title=Machine_learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Machine learning (無呢版)">machine learning</a>.)</i> Approaches which have been used include straightforward <a href="/w/index.php?title=PCFG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PCFG (無呢版)">PCFGs</a> (probabilistic context free grammars), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximum_entropy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximum entropy (無呢版)">maximum entropy</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neural_net&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neural net (無呢版)">neural nets</a>. Most of the more successful systems use <i>lexical</i> statistics (that is, they consider the identities of the words involved, as well as their <a href="/w/index.php?title=Part_of_speech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Part of speech (無呢版)">part of speech</a>). However such systems are vulnerable to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overfitting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overfitting (無呢版)">overfitting</a> and require some kind of smoothing to be effective. </p><p>Parsing algorithms for natural language cannot rely on the grammar having 'nice' properties as with manually-designed grammars for programming languages. As mentioned earlier some grammar formalisms are very computationally difficult to parse; in general, even if the desired structure is not <a href="/w/index.php?title=Context-free&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Context-free (無呢版)">context-free</a>, some kind of context-free approximation to the grammar is used to perform a first pass. Algorithms which use context-free grammars often rely on some variant of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=CKY_algorithm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CKY algorithm (無呢版)">CKY algorithm</a>, usually with some <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heuristic_(computer_science)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heuristic (computer science) (無呢版)">heuristic</a> to prune away unlikely analyses to save time. <i>(See <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chart_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chart parsing (無呢版)">chart parsing</a>.)</i> However some systems trade speed for accuracy using, eg, linear-time versions of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shift-reduce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shift-reduce (無呢版)">shift-reduce</a> algorithm. A somewhat recent development has been <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parse_reranking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parse reranking (無呢版)">parse reranking</a> in which the parser proposes some large number of analyses, and a more complex system selects the best option. </p> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="程式語言"><span id=".E7.A8.8B.E5.BC.8F.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>程式語言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 程式語言"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; text-align: left;"> <div class="NavHead" style="color: blue; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; font-weight:normal; border-bottom:solid gray 1px;font-size:small;"> 下面段文未譯好，歡迎你幫手。</div><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px;"> <p>The most common use of a parser is as a component of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compiler (無呢版)">compiler</a>. This parses the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Source_code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Source code (無呢版)">source code</a> of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Computer_programming_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computer programming language (無呢版)">computer programming language</a> to create some form of internal representation. Programming languages tend to be specified in terms of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Context-free_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Context-free grammar (無呢版)">context-free grammar</a> because fast and efficient parsers can be written for them. Parsers are usually not written by hand but are generated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parser_generator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parser generator (無呢版)">parser generators</a>. </p><p>Context-free grammars are limited in the extent to which they can express all of the requirements of a language. Informally, the reason is that the memory of such a language is limited. The grammar cannot remember the presence of a construct over an arbitrarily long input; this is necessary for a language in which, for example, a name must be declared before it may be referenced. More powerful grammars that can express this constraint, however, cannot be parsed efficiently. Thus, it is a common strategy to create a relaxed parser for a context-free grammar which accepts a superset of the desired language constructs (that is, it accepts some invalid constructs); later, the unwanted constructs can be filtered out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview_of_process">Overview of process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: Overview of process"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following example demonstrates the common case of parsing a computer language with two levels of grammar: lexical and syntactic. </p><p>The first stage is the token generation, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexical_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexical analysis (無呢版)">lexical analysis</a>, by which the input character stream is split into meaningful symbols defined by a grammar of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regular_expression&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regular expression (無呢版)">regular expressions</a>. For example, a calculator program would look at an input such as "12*(3+4)^2" and split it into the tokens 12, *, (, 3, +, 4, ), ^ and 2, each of which is a meaningful symbol in the context of an arithmetic expression. The parser would contain rules to tell it that the characters *, +, ^, ( and ) mark the start of a new token, so meaningless tokens like "12*" or "(3" will not be generated. </p><p>The next stage is syntactic parsing or syntactic analysis, which is checking that the tokens form an allowable expression. This is usually done with reference to a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Context-free_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Context-free grammar (無呢版)">context-free grammar</a> which recursively defines components that can make up an expression and the order in which they must appear. However, not all rules defining programming languages can be expressed by context-free grammars alone, for example type validity and proper declaration of identifiers. These rules can be formally expressed with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attribute_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attribute grammar (無呢版)">attribute grammars</a>. </p><p>The final phase is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_analysis_(computer_science)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic analysis (computer science) (無呢版)">semantic parsing</a> or analysis, which is working out the implications of the expression just validated and taking the appropriate action. In the case of a calculator, the action is to evaluate the expression; a compiler, on the other hand, would generate code. Attribute grammars can also be used to define these actions. </p> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="解析器嘅款"><span id=".E8.A7.A3.E6.9E.90.E5.99.A8.E5.98.85.E6.AC.BE"></span>解析器嘅款</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 解析器嘅款"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; text-align: left;"> <div class="NavHead" style="color: blue; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; font-weight:normal; border-bottom:solid gray 1px;font-size:small;"> 下面段文未譯好，歡迎你幫手。</div><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px;"> <p>The task of the parser is essentially to determine if and how the input can be derived from the start symbol of the grammar. This can be done in essentially two ways: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top-down_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top-down parsing (無呢版)">Top-down parsing</a> - A parser can start with the start symbol and try to transform it to the input. Intuitively, the parser starts from the largest elements and breaks them down into incrementally smaller parts. <a href="/w/index.php?title=LL_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LL parser (無呢版)">LL parsers</a> are examples of top-down parsers.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottom-up_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottom-up parsing (無呢版)">Bottom-up parsing</a> - A parser can start with the input and attempt to rewrite it to the start symbol. Intuitively, the parser attempts to locate the most basic elements, then the elements containing these, and so on. <a href="/w/index.php?title=LR_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LR parser (無呢版)">LR parsers</a> are examples of bottom-up parsers. Another term used for this type of parser is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shift-Reduce_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shift-Reduce parsing (無呢版)">Shift-Reduce parsing</a>.</li></ul> <p>Another important distinction is whether the parser generates a <i>leftmost derivation</i> or a <i>rightmost derivation</i> (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Context-free_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Context-free grammar (無呢版)">context-free grammar</a>). LL parsers will generate a leftmost <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derivation (無呢版)">derivation</a> and LR parsers will generate a rightmost derivation (although usually in reverse). </p> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="解析器嘅例"><span id=".E8.A7.A3.E6.9E.90.E5.99.A8.E5.98.85.E4.BE.8B"></span>解析器嘅例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 解析器嘅例"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; text-align: left;"> <div class="NavHead" style="color: blue; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; font-weight:normal; border-bottom:solid gray 1px;font-size:small;"> 下面段文未譯好，歡迎你幫手。</div><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; color: green!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top-down_parsers">Top-down parsers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: Top-down parsers"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the parsers that use <a href="/w/index.php?title=Top-down_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top-down parsing (無呢版)">top-down parsing</a> include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recursive_descent_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recursive descent parser (無呢版)">Recursive descent parser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LL_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LL parser (無呢版)">LL parser</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bottom-up_parsers">Bottom-up parsers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: Bottom-up parsers"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the parsers that use <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottom-up_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottom-up parsing (無呢版)">bottom-up parsing</a> include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precedence_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precedence parser (無呢版)">Precedence parser</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operator-precedence_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operator-precedence parser (無呢版)">Operator-precedence parser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simple_precedence_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simple precedence parser (無呢版)">Simple precedence parser</a></li></ul></li> <li>BC (bounded context) parsing</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LR_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LR parser (無呢版)">LR parser</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLR_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLR parser (無呢版)">SLR parser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LALR_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LALR parser (無呢版)">LALR parser</a> (Shift Reduce)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canonical_LR_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canonical LR parser (無呢版)">Canonical LR parser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GLR_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GLR parser (無呢版)">GLR parser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYK_algorithm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYK algorithm (無呢版)">CYK parser</a></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參攷"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E6.94.B7"></span>參攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 參攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.vu.nl/~dick/PTAPG.html">Parsing Techniques - A Practical Guide</a> web page of book includes downloadable pdf.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="再睇下"><span id=".E5.86.8D.E7.9D.87.E4.B8.8B"></span>再睇下</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 再睇下"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="解析器嘅概念"><span id=".E8.A7.A3.E6.9E.90.E5.99.A8.E5.98.85.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>解析器嘅概念</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 解析器嘅概念"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chart_parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chart parser (無呢版)">Chart parser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compiler-compiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compiler-compiler (無呢版)">Compiler-compiler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deterministic_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deterministic parsing (無呢版)">Deterministic parsing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexing (無呢版)">Lexing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shallow_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shallow parsing (無呢版)">Shallow parsing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="整解析器嘅軟件"><span id=".E6.95.B4.E8.A7.A3.E6.9E.90.E5.99.A8.E5.98.85.E8.BB.9F.E4.BB.B6"></span>整解析器嘅軟件</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 整解析器嘅軟件"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See also: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Parsers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Parsers (無呢版)">List of Parsers</a> comparison table. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="自由軟件"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.94.B1.E8.BB.9F.E4.BB.B6"></span>自由軟件</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯小節: 自由軟件"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANTLR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ANTLR (無呢版)">ANTLR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_bison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU bison (無呢版)">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coco/R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coco/R (無呢版)">Coco/R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GOLD_(parser)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GOLD (parser) (無呢版)">GOLD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JavaCC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JavaCC (無呢版)">JavaCC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemon_Parser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemon Parser (無呢版)">Lemon Parser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_programming_tool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lex programming tool (無呢版)">Lex</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebol (無呢版)">Rebol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SableCC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SableCC (無呢版)">SableCC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_Parser_Framework&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirit Parser Framework (無呢版)">Spirit Parser Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SYNTAX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SYNTAX (無呢版)">SYNTAX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YACC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YACC (無呢版)">YACC</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="維基媒體"><span id=".E7.B6.AD.E5.9F.BA.E5.AA.92.E9.AB.94"></span>維基媒體</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯小節: 維基媒體"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="商"><span id=".E5.95.86"></span>商</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=14" title="編輯小節: 商"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LRGen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LRGen (無呢版)">LRGen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_BNF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visual BNF (無呢版)">Visual BNF</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註"><span id=".E8.A8.BB"></span>註</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&action=edit&section=15" title="編輯小節: 註"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">喺語言學，<span lang="en" title="英文文字">parsing</span> 有多過一個意思，可以指將連續嘅說話分做<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" title="音素">音素</a>，如果要指明係語法分析，可以講明係 <span lang="en" title="英文文字">syntactic parsing</span> 或者 <span lang="en" title="英文文字">syntactic analysis</span>。</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="自然語言處理（NLP）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="Template:自然語言處理"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:自然語言處理 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="自然語言處理（NLP）" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="自然語言處理">自然語言處理</a>（NLP）</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="教_AI_處理自然語言嘅技術">教 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">AI</a> 處理<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="自然語言">自然語言</a>嘅技術</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">語言<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A" title="數據">數據</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="語言資源">語言資源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="語料庫">語料庫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="口語語料庫">口語語料庫</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Treebank" title="Treebank">Treebank</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PropBank" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="PropBank"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PropBank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PropBank (無呢版)">PropBank</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PropBank" class="extiw" title="en:PropBank"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PropBank</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BA%AB%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="詞庫資源">詞庫資源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%80%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8" title="機械可讀字典">機械可讀字典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E6%8E%A7%E8%A9%9E%E8%A1%A8" title="受控詞表">受控詞表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E5%85%B8_(%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96)" title="索引典 (資訊提取)">索引典</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="語言模型">語言模型</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="大型語言模型">大型語言模型</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="語義網絡">語義網絡</a>（<a href="/wiki/WordNet" title="WordNet">WordNet</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/BabelNet" title="BabelNet">BabelNet</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E5%BA%A6%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="語義相似度網絡">語義相似度網絡</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" title="對等字詞">對等字詞</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Dependencies" class="extiw" title="en:Universal Dependencies">普世依賴項</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EOT_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/EOT_icon.svg/150px-EOT_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/EOT_icon.svg/225px-EOT_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/EOT_icon.svg/300px-EOT_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="字">字</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5" title="句">句</a>層次</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="文字分割" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%88%86%E5%89%B2" title="文字分割">文字分割</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2" title="字切割">字切割</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2" title="句子切割">句子切割</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E8%99%9F%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="記號化">記號化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="詞法分析">詞法分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%BA%E5%BA%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="淺度解析">淺度解析</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%A8%B9" title="分析樹">分析樹</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-gram" title="N-gram">N-gram</a>（<a href="/wiki/2-gram" title="2-gram">2-gram</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/3-gram" title="3-gram">3-gram</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%A2%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F" title="詞形還原">詞形還原</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%B9%B9%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96" title="詞幹提取">詞幹提取</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%AF%A6%E9%AB%94%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5" title="命名實體識別">命名實體識別</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E8%A9%9E%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="合成詞處理">合成詞處理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%BE%A8%E8%AA%8D" title="語言辨認">語言辨認</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E7%94%A8%E8%A9%9E" title="停用詞">停用詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E6%80%A7%E6%A8%99%E6%B3%A8" title="詞性標注">詞性標注</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E8%A2%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="字袋模型">字袋模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AD%E9%85%8D%E8%A9%9E%E6%8A%BD%E5%8F%96" title="搭配詞抽取">搭配詞抽取</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%89%87%E8%A1%A8%E9%81%94%E5%BC%8F" title="正則表達式">Regex</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">解析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tf-idf" title="Tf-idf">Tf-idf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truecasing" title="Truecasing">Truecasing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="語義">語義</a>層次</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%BE%A9%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7" title="詞義消歧">詞義消歧</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%BE%A9%E6%AD%B8%E7%B4%8D" title="詞義歸納">詞義歸納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E6%A8%99%E7%B1%A4" title="語義角色標籤">語義角色標籤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A3#指代解決" title="指代">指代解決</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="文本情感分析">情感分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3" title="自然語言理解">自然語言理解</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%94%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="本體學習">本體學習</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%90" title="自動總結">自動總結</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96" title="句子提取">句子提取</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%B0%A1%E5%8C%96" title="文字簡化">文字簡化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%90" title="多文件總結">多文件總結</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="主題模型">主題模型</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%AA%94%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="文檔分類">文檔分類</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E6%8E%A2%E5%8B%98" title="概念探勘">概念探勘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E8%98%8A%E6%B6%B5" title="文本蘊涵">文本蘊涵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="分佈語義">分佈語義</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2" title="語義距離">語義距離</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E7%9F%A9%E9%99%A3" title="文件詞彙矩陣">文件詞彙矩陣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%A1%AF%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="外顯語義分析">外顯</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E5%9C%A8%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="潛在語義分析">潛在</a>語義分析</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5" title="字嵌入">字嵌入</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word2vec" title="Word2vec">Word2vec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="機械翻譯">機械翻譯</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E5%99%A8" title="翻譯器">翻譯器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90%E7%82%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="例子為本機械翻譯">例子為本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E7%82%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="規則為本機械翻譯">規則為本</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="統計機械翻譯">統計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E7%A7%BB%E7%82%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="轉移為本機械翻譯">轉移為本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="神經機械翻譯">神經為本</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%B6%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2" title="自然語言用家介面">用家介面</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%B6%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2" title="聲用家介面">聲用家介面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%BE%E5%81%88%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="傾偈機械人">傾偈機械人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%8F%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="問答系統">問答系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%8A%A9%E7%90%86" title="虛擬助理">虛擬助理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95%E5%BC%8F%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="互動式小說">互動式小說</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">第啲應用</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>資訊<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96" title="資訊提取">提取</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%8A%BD%E5%8F%96" title="資訊抽取">抽取</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E6%8A%BD%E5%8F%96" title="詞彙抽取">詞彙抽取</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E8%A9%95%E9%96%B1" title="電腦輔助評閱">電腦輔助評閱</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E5%AF%AB%E6%AA%A2%E6%9F%A5" title="拼寫檢查">拼寫檢查</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95%E6%AA%A2%E6%9F%A5" title="文法檢查">文法檢查</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E8%A9%95%E5%88%86" title="自動文章評分">自動評分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E9%9B%BB%E9%83%B5%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="反垃圾電郵技術">反垃圾電郵技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E5%88%AE%E6%96%99" title="網頁刮料">網頁刮料</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E6%94%B6%E9%9B%86" title="自動資料收集">自動資料收集</a>（語音<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5" title="語音識別">識別</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%88%86%E5%89%B2" title="語音分割">分割</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5" title="光學字符識別">光學字符識別</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="語音合成">語音合成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90" title="自然語言生成">自然語言生成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A2%E5%8B%98" title="文本探勘">文本探勘</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%99%E8%B7%9D%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80" title="遙距閱讀">遙距閱讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="提示工程">提示工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關技術</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%AE%B1" title="自然語言工具箱">自然語言工具箱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaCy" title="SpaCy">spaCy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBpedia" title="DBpedia">DBpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROUGE_(%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0%E6%BA%96%E5%89%87)" title="ROUGE (評估準則)">ROUGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9%E7%B6%B2" title="語義網">語義網</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="機械學習">機械學習</a>同 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8" title="人工智能完全">AI 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