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<li id="toc-Ottoman_period_(1430–1913)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period_(1430–1913)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ottoman period (1430–1913)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period_(1430–1913)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Center_of_Greek_Enlightenment_(17th–18th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Center_of_Greek_Enlightenment_(17th–18th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Center of Greek Enlightenment (17th–18th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Center_of_Greek_Enlightenment_(17th–18th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ali_Pasha's_rule_(1788–1822)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ali_Pasha's_rule_(1788–1822)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Ali Pasha's rule (1788–1822)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ali_Pasha's_rule_(1788–1822)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_Ottoman_century_(1822–1913)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_Ottoman_century_(1822–1913)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Last Ottoman century (1822–1913)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_Ottoman_century_(1822–1913)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_period_(since_1913)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_period_(since_1913)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern period (since 1913)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_period_(since_1913)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jewish community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks_and_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks_and_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Landmarks and sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks_and_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks and sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks_and_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isle_of_Lake_Pamvotis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isle_of_Lake_Pamvotis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Isle of Lake Pamvotis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isle_of_Lake_Pamvotis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ioannina_Castle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ioannina_Castle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ioannina Castle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ioannina_Castle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>The city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums_and_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Museums and galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Exhibitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhibitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Local products</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Local_products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Local products subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Local_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology_hub_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology_hub_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Technology hub development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology_hub_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Consulates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ioannina_compromise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ioannina_compromise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Ioannina compromise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ioannina_compromise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people_from_Ioannina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people_from_Ioannina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable people from Ioannina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people_from_Ioannina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport_clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Sport clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Sport complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1</span> <span>Official</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.2</span> <span>Travel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.3</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ioannina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="يوانينا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوانينا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B8%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Իոանինա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իոանինա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A1nina" title="Ioánina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ioánina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanina" title="Yanina – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yanina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ইওয়ান্নিনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইওয়ান্নিনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Янина (ҡала) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Янина (ҡала)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Яніна (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яніна (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Яніна (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Яніна (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Янина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Янина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A0nnina" title="Ioànnina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ioànnina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Янина (хула) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Янина (хула)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A1nnina_(kapital_sa_rehiyon_sa_Gresya)" title="Ioánnina (kapital sa rehiyon sa Gresya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ioánnina (kapital sa rehiyon sa Gresya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A1nnina" title="Ioánnina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ioánnina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A1nnina" title="Ioánnina – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ioánnina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Ιωάννινα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννινα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A1nina" title="Ioánina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ioánina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioanino" title="Ioanino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ioanino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioanina" title="Ioanina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ioanina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="یوآنینا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوآنینا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A1nnina" title="Ioánnina – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ioánnina" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EB%82%98" title="이오아니나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이오아니나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Յանինա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յանինա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janjina_(Gr%C4%8Dka)" title="Janjina (Grčka) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Janjina (Grčka)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3ann%C3%ADna" title="Jóannína – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jóannína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giannina" title="Giannina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giannina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="יואנינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יואנינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="იანინა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იანინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janina_(Graikija)" title="Janina (Graikija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Janina (Graikija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina_(stad)" title="Ioannina (stad) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ioannina (stad)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A1nina" title="Joánina – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Joánina" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Јанина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јанина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="يوانينا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوانينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina_(stad)" title="Ioannina (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ioannina (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%8A" title="ヨアニナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨアニナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Янина (гӀала) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Янина (гӀала)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A1nnina" title="Ioánnina – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ioánnina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janina_(miasto)" title="Janina (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Janina (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janina" title="Janina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Janina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Янина (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Янина (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janina" title="Janina – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Janina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janina_(mesto)" title="Janina (mesto) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Janina (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janina_(mjasto)" title="Janina (mjasto) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Janina (mjasto)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%93%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Јањина (Грчка) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јањина (Грчка)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janjina" title="Janjina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Janjina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A1nnina" title="Ioánnina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ioánnina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io%C3%A1nnina" title="Ioánnina – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ioánnina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="โยอานนีนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โยอานนีนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanya" title="Yanya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Яніна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Яніна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایوآنیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایوآنیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ioannina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%BC%E7%BA%B3" title="约阿尼纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约阿尼纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E9%98%BF%E9%80%A3%E7%B4%8D" title="約阿連納 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="約阿連納" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanya" title="Yanya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ioannina&params=39_39_49_N_20_51_08_E_type:city_region:GR-33"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°39′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">20°51′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.66361°N 20.85222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.66361; 20.85222</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Ioannina and Epirus, Greece</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the regional unit, see <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_(regional_unit)" title="Ioannina (regional unit)">Ioannina (regional unit)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Janina" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Janina_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Janina (disambiguation)">Janina (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Yanya" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Yanya_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Yanya (disambiguation)">Yanya (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Greece</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ioannina</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="el">Ιωάννινα</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_and_communities_of_Greece" title="Municipalities and communities of Greece">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Ioannina montage. Clicking on an image in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article, if it exists." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ioannina_Montage_L.png/275px-Ioannina_Montage_L.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ioannina_Montage_L.png/413px-Ioannina_Montage_L.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ioannina_Montage_L.png/550px-Ioannina_Montage_L.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1374" usemap="#ImageMap_8352a1ce24c19037" resource="/wiki/File:Ioannina_Montage_L.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_8352a1ce24c19037"><area href="/wiki/Lake_Pamvotis" shape="rect" coords="4,5,271,110" alt="Panoramic view of Lake Pamvotis and Ioannina" title="Panoramic view of Lake Pamvotis and Ioannina" /><area href="/wiki/Ioannina" shape="rect" coords="144,114,271,207" alt="Old Town of Ioannina" title="Old Town of Ioannina" /><area href="/wiki/Ioannina#The_city" shape="rect" coords="122,212,167,288" alt="Municipal Clock Tower of Ioannina" title="Municipal Clock Tower of Ioannina" /><area href="/wiki/Municipal_Ethnographic_Museum_of_Ioannina" shape="rect" coords="172,212,271,288" alt="Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina" title="Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina" /><area href="/wiki/Ioannina#Education" shape="rect" coords="137,293,271,372" alt="Kaplaneios School" title="Kaplaneios School" /><area href="/wiki/Ioannina_Island" shape="rect" coords="4,293,133,372" alt="Ferry to the Island" title="Ferry to the Island" /><area href="/wiki/Ioannina#The_city" shape="rect" coords="4,212,117,288" alt="Post Office" title="Post Office" /><area href="/wiki/Ioannina_Castle" shape="rect" coords="4,114,140,207" alt="Castle of Ioannina" title="Castle of Ioannina" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>Clockwise from top:</b> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pamvotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Pamvotis">Panoramic view of Lake Pamvotis</a> and the city of Ioannina from <a href="/wiki/Mitsikeli" title="Mitsikeli">Mitsikeli</a>, Old Town, <a href="#The_city">Municipal Clock Tower of Ioannina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Ethnographic_Museum_of_Ioannina" title="Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina">Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina</a>, <a href="#Education">Kaplaneios School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Island" title="Ioannina Island">Ferry to the Island</a>, <a href="#The_city">Post Office</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Castle" title="Ioannina Castle">Castle of Ioannina</a>.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greece_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ioannina is located in Greece"><img alt="Ioannina is located in Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Greece_location_map.svg/270px-Greece_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Greece_location_map.svg/405px-Greece_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Greece_location_map.svg/540px-Greece_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.573%;left:16.224%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ioannina"><img alt="Ioannina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ioannina</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:line; margin-top:2px"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size:115%; height:auto; padding-right:2em;">Location within the region</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Dimos_Ioanniton.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/2011_Dimos_Ioanniton.png/215px-2011_Dimos_Ioanniton.png" decoding="async" width="215" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/2011_Dimos_Ioanniton.png/322px-2011_Dimos_Ioanniton.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/2011_Dimos_Ioanniton.png/429px-2011_Dimos_Ioanniton.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ioannina&params=39_39_49_N_20_51_08_E_type:city_region:GR-33"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°39′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">20°51′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.66361°N 20.85222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.66361; 20.85222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Greece" title="Regions of Greece">Administrative region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional unit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_(regional_unit)" title="Ioannina (regional unit)">Ioannina</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas Begkas<sup id="cite_ref-mayor_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (since 2023)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">403.32 km<sup>2</sup> (155.72 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal unit</th><td class="infobox-data">47.44 km<sup>2</sup> (18.32 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Community</th><td class="infobox-data">17.355 km<sup>2</sup> (6.701 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">480 m (1,570 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-census21_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">113,978</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">280/km<sup>2</sup> (730/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal unit<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">81,627</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal unit density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,700/km<sup>2</sup> (4,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Community<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">64,896</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Community density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,700/km<sup>2</sup> (9,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yanniote (<i>Gianniote</i>)/<br />Ioannite (formal)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Greece" title="Postal codes in Greece">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">45x xx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Greece" title="Telephone numbers in Greece">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26510</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Greece" title="Vehicle registration plates of Greece">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ΙΝ</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ioannina.gr">ioannina<wbr />.gr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ioannina</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ιωάννινα</span> <i><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Ioánnina</i></span></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[i.oˈa.ni.na]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5f\/El-%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg\/El-%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"El-\u0399\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/El-%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg/El-%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:El-%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg" title="File:El-Ιωάννινα.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), often called <b>Yannena</b> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Γιάννενα</span></span> <i><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Yánnena</i></span></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ˈʝa.ne.na]</a></span>) within Greece, is the capital and largest city of the <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_(regional_unit)" title="Ioannina (regional unit)">Ioannina regional unit</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Modern_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern regions of Greece">administrative region</a> in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. According to the 2021 census, the city population was 64,896 while the municipality had 113,978 inhabitants. It lies at an elevation of approximately 500 metres (1,640 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>, on the western shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pamvotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Pamvotis">Lake Pamvotis</a> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Παμβώτις</span></span>). Ioannina is located 410 km (255 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, 260 kilometres (162 miles) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> and 80 km (50 miles) east of the port of <a href="/wiki/Igoumenitsa" title="Igoumenitsa">Igoumenitsa</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a>. </p><p>The city's foundation has traditionally been ascribed to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Emperor">Byzantine Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</a> in the 6th century AD, but modern archaeological research has uncovered evidence of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> settlements. Ioannina flourished in the late Byzantine period (13th–15th centuries). It became part of the <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> and many wealthy Byzantine families fled there following the 1204 <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople" title="Sack of Constantinople">sack of Constantinople</a>, with the city experiencing great prosperity and considerable autonomy, despite the political turmoil. Ioannina surrendered to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> in 1430 and until 1868 it was the administrative center of the <a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Yanina" title="Pashalik of Yanina">Pashalik of Yanina</a>. In the period between the 18th and 19th centuries, the city was a major center of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Modern Greek Enlightenment">modern Greek Enlightenment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ioannina was ceded to Greece in 1913 following the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a>. </p><p>The city is also characterized by various green areas and parks, including Molos (Lake Front), Litharitsia Park, Pirsinella Park (Giannotiko Saloni), Suburban Forest. There are two hospitals, the General Hospital of Ioannina "G. Hatzikosta", and the University Hospital of Ioannina. It is also the seat of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ioannina" title="University of Ioannina">University of Ioannina</a>. The city's emblem consists of the portrait of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian crowned by a stylized depiction of the nearby ancient theater of <a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's formal name, <i>Ioannina</i>, is probably a corruption of <i>Agioannina</i> or <i>Agioanneia</i>, 'place of St. John', and is said to be linked to the establishment of a monastery dedicated to <a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a>, around which the later settlement (in the area of the current <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Castle" title="Ioannina Castle">Ioannina Castle</a>) grew.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to another theory, the city was named after Ioannina, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Belisarius" title="Belisarius">Belisarius</a>, general of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two forms of the name in Greek, <i>Ioannina</i> being the formal and historical name, while the colloquial and much more commonly used <i>Υannena</i> or <i>Υannina</i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Γιάννενα, Γιάννινα</span>) represents the vernacular tradition of <a href="/wiki/Demotic_Greek" title="Demotic Greek">Demotic Greek</a>. The demotic form also corresponds to those in the neighboring languages (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Janina</i> or <span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Janinë</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a>: <i lang="rup">Ianina, Enina or Enãna</i>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: <span lang="mk">Јанина</span>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Yanya</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity_and_early_Middle_Ages">Antiquity and early Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antiquity and early Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castle_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Castle_Gate.jpg/200px-Castle_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Castle_Gate.jpg/300px-Castle_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Castle_Gate.jpg/400px-Castle_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>The main entrance to the city's medieval fortress.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first indications of human presence in Ioannina basin are dated back to the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic period">Paleolithic period</a> (24,000 years ago) as testified by findings in the cavern of Kastritsa.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During classical antiquity the basin was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Molossians" title="Molossians">Molossians</a> and four of their settlements have been identified there. Despite the extensive destruction suffered in Molossia during the Roman conquest of 167 BC, settlement continued in the basin albeit no longer in an urban pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact time of Ioannina's foundation is unknown, but it is commonly identified with an unnamed new, "well-fortified" city, recorded by the historian <a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a> as having been built by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> for the inhabitants of ancient <a href="/wiki/Euroia" class="mw-redirect" title="Euroia">Euroia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregory19911006_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregory19911006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981165_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981165-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view is not supported, however, by any concrete archaeological evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-odysseus_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odysseus-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early 21st-century excavations have brought to light fortifications dating to the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>, the course of which was largely followed by later reconstruction of the fortress in the Byzantine and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> periods. The identification of the site with one of the ancient cities of <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> has not yet been possible.<sup id="cite_ref-odysseus_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odysseus-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapadopoulou20144_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapadopoulou20144-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is not until 879 that the name Ioannina appears for the first time, in the acts of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a>, which refer to one Zacharias, Bishop of Ioannine, a <a href="/wiki/Suffragan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragan">suffragan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Naupaktos" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolis of Naupaktos">Naupaktos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981165_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981165-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_conquest_of_Bulgaria" title="Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria">Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria</a>, in 1020 Emperor <a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a> subordinated the local bishopric to the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Ohrid" title="Archbishopric of Ohrid">Archbishopric of Ohrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981165_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981165-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek archaeologist K. Tsoures dated the Byzantine city walls and the northeastern citadel of the <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Castle" title="Ioannina Castle">Ioannina Castle</a> to the 10th century, with additions in the late 11th century, including the south-eastern citadel, traditionally ascribed to the short-lived occupation of the city by the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond of Taranto</a> in 1082.<sup id="cite_ref-odysseus_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odysseus-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981165–166_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981165–166-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="/wiki/Chrysobull" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysobull">chrysobull</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> in 1198, the city is listed as part of its own province (<i>provincia Joanninorum</i> or <i>Joaninon</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Partitio_Romaniae" class="mw-redirect" title="Partitio Romaniae">treaty of partition</a> of the Byzantine lands after the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>, Ioannina was promised to the Venetians, but in the event, it became part of the new <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">state of Epirus</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Michael I Komnenos Doukas">Michael I Komnenos Doukas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Middle_Ages_(1204–1430)"><span id="Late_Middle_Ages_.281204.E2.80.931430.29"></span>Late Middle Ages (1204–1430)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Late Middle Ages (1204–1430)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannina_orismos_1430.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ioannina_orismos_1430.jpg/220px-Ioannina_orismos_1430.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ioannina_orismos_1430.jpg/330px-Ioannina_orismos_1430.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ioannina_orismos_1430.jpg/440px-Ioannina_orismos_1430.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>The "Rule of Sinan Pasha" (9 October 1430), written in Greek, granted to the citizens a series of privileges under Ottoman control</figcaption></figure> <p>Under Michael I, the city was enlarged and fortified anew.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_of_Naupaktos" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan of Naupaktos">Metropolitan of Naupaktos</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Apokaukos" title="John Apokaukos">John Apokaukos</a>, reports how the city was but a "small town", until Michael gathered refugees who had fled <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and other parts of the Empire that fell to the crusaders of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>, and settled them there, transforming the city into a fortress and "ark of salvation". Despite frictions with local inhabitants who tried in 1232 to expel the refugees, the latter were eventually successfully settled and Ioannina gained in both population and economic and political importance.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pelagonia" title="Battle of Pelagonia">Battle of Pelagonia</a> in 1259, much of Epirus was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a>, and Ioannina was placed under siege. Soon, however, the Epirote ruler <a href="/wiki/Michael_II_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Michael II Komnenos Doukas">Michael II Komnenos Doukas</a>, aided by his younger son <a href="/wiki/John_I_Doukas" class="mw-redirect" title="John I Doukas">John I Doukas</a>, managed to recover their capital of <a href="/wiki/Arta,_Greece" title="Arta, Greece">Arta</a> and relieve Ioannina, evicting the Nicaeans from Epirus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994163_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994163-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1275</span> or <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1285</span>, John I Doukas, now ruler of <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>, launched a raid against the city and its environs, and a few years later an army from the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty">restored Byzantine Empire</a> unsuccessfully laid siege to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994235_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994235-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol198438–42_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol198438–42-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the assassination in 1318 of the last native ruler, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_I_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Thomas I Komnenos Doukas">Thomas I Komnenos Doukas</a>, by his nephew <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Orsini" title="Nicholas Orsini">Nicholas Orsini</a>, the city refused to accept the latter and turned to the Byzantines for assistance. On this occasion, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a> elevated the city to a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan bishopric">metropolitan bishopric</a>, and in 1319 issued a chrysobull conceding wide-ranging autonomy and various privileges and exemptions on its inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol198483–89_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol198483–89-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Jewish community is also attested in the city in 1319.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981167_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981167-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Epirote revolt of 1337–1338 against Byzantine rule, the city remained loyal to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon afterwards Ioannina fell to the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Serbia">Serb</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dushan" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Dushan">Stephen Dushan</a> and remained part of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a> until 1356, when Dushan's half-brother <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Uro%C5%A1" title="Simeon Uroš">Simeon Uroš</a> was evicted by <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Orsini" title="Nikephoros II Orsini">Nikephoros II Orsini</a>. The attempt of Nikephoros to restore the Epirote state was short-lived as he was killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Achelous_(1359)" title="Battle of Achelous (1359)">Battle of Achelous</a> against <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> tribes.,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198170,_166_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198170,_166-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1984123–138_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1984123–138-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Ioannina was not captured. It thus served as a place of refuge for many Greeks of the region of <a href="/wiki/Vagenetia" title="Vagenetia">Vagenetia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198170–71,_166_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198170–71,_166-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1984139–143_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1984139–143-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1366–67 Simeon Uroš, having recovered Epirus and Thessaly, appointed his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Thomas_II_Preljubovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas II Preljubović">Thomas II Preljubović</a> as the new overlord of Ioannina. Thomas proved a deeply unpopular ruler, but he nonetheless repelled successive attempts by Albanian chieftains including a surprise attack in 1379, whose failure the Ioannites attributed to intervention by their patron saint, Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198171,_166_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198171,_166-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1984143–146_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1984143–146-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Thomas' murder in 1384, the citizens of Ioannina offered their city to <a href="/wiki/Esau_de%27_Buondelmonti" title="Esau de' Buondelmonti">Esau de' Buondelmonti</a>, who married Thomas' widow, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Angelina_Doukaina_Palaiologina" title="Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina">Maria</a>. Esau recalled those exiled under Thomas and restored the properties confiscated by him. In 1389, Ioannina was besieged by <a href="/wiki/John_Bua_Spata" class="mw-redirect" title="John Bua Spata">Gjin Bua Shpata</a>, and only with the aid of an Ottoman army was Esau able to repel the Albanians. Despite the ongoing Ottoman expansion and the conflicts between Turks and Albanians in the vicinity of Ioannina, Esau managed to secure a period of peace for the city, especially following his second marriage to Shpata's daughter Irene in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1396</span>. Following Esau's death in 1411, the Ioannites invited the <a href="/wiki/Count_palatine_of_Cephalonia_and_Zakynthos" class="mw-redirect" title="Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos">Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_I_Tocco" title="Carlo I Tocco">Carlo I Tocco</a>, who had already been expanding his domains into Epirus for the last decade, as their new ruler. By 1416 Carlo I Tocco had managed to capture Arta as well, thereby reuniting the core of the old Epirote realm, and received recognition from both the Ottomans and the Byzantine emperor. Ioannina became the summer capital of the Tocco domains, and Carlo I died there in July 1429.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198172–73,_166_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198172–73,_166-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carlo I's army, as well as the army of the city of Ioannina itself both before and during Carlo I's rule, was composed primarily of <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Osswald_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osswald-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His oldest bastard son, Ercole, called on the Ottomans for aid against the legitimate heir, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_II_Tocco" title="Carlo II Tocco">Carlo II Tocco</a>. In 1430 an Ottoman army, fresh from the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thessalonica_(1422%E2%80%931430)" title="Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)">capture</a> of Thessalonica, appeared before Ioannina. The city surrendered after the Ottoman commander, Sinan Pasha, promised to spare the city and respect its autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198175,_166_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198175,_166-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period_(1430–1913)"><span id="Ottoman_period_.281430.E2.80.931913.29"></span>Ottoman period (1430–1913)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ottoman period (1430–1913)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140415_ioannina337.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/20140415_ioannina337.JPG/220px-20140415_ioannina337.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/20140415_ioannina337.JPG/330px-20140415_ioannina337.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/20140415_ioannina337.JPG/440px-20140415_ioannina337.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Interior view of the dome of the <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Pasha_Mosque" title="Aslan Pasha Mosque">Aslan Pasha Mosque</a> built on the site of the Church of Saint John, which was torn down after the failed anti-Ottoman revolt of 1611</figcaption></figure> <p>Under Ottoman rule, Ioannina remained an administrative centre, as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ioannina" title="Sanjak of Ioannina">Sanjak of Ioannina</a>, and experienced a period of relative stability and prosperity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Ottoman tax registers for the city dates to 1564, and records 50 Muslim households and 1,250 Christian ones; another register from 15 years later mentions Jews as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1611 the city suffered a serious setback as a result of a peasant revolt led by <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysius the Philosopher">Dionysius the Philosopher</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_of_Larissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan of Larissa">Metropolitan of Larissa</a>. The Greek inhabitants of the city were unaware of the intent of the fighting as previous successes of Dionysius had depended on the element of surprise. Much confusion ensued as Turks and Christians ended up indiscriminately fighting friend and foe alike. The revolt ended in the abolition of all privileges granted to the Christian inhabitants, who were driven away from the castle area and had to settle around it. From then onwards, Turks and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> were to be established in the castle area. The <i>School of the Despots</i> at the Church of the Taxiarchs, that had been operating since 1204, was closed. Aslan Pasha also destroyed the monastery of St. John the Baptist within the city walls in 1618 erected in its place the <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Pasha_Mosque" title="Aslan Pasha Mosque">Aslan Pasha Mosque</a>, today housing the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Ethnographic_Museum_of_Ioannina" title="Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina">Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman reprisals in the wake of the revolt included the confiscation of many <i><a href="/wiki/Timar" title="Timar">timars</a></i> previously granted to Christian <i><a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">sipahis</a></i>; this began a wave of conversions to Islam by the local gentry, who became the so-called <i>Tourkoyanniotes</i> (Τoυρκογιαννιώτες).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman traveller <a href="/wiki/Evliya_%C3%87elebi" title="Evliya Çelebi">Evliya Çelebi</a>, who visited the city in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1670</span>, counted 37 quarters, of which 18 Muslim, 14 Christian, 4 Jewish and 1 Gypsy. He estimated the population at 4,000 hearths.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Center_of_Greek_Enlightenment_(17th–18th_centuries)"><span id="Center_of_Greek_Enlightenment_.2817th.E2.80.9318th_centuries.29"></span>Center of Greek Enlightenment (17th–18th centuries)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Center of Greek Enlightenment (17th–18th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1%CE%BF_%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1%CE%BF_%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_3.jpg/220px-1%CE%BF_%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1%CE%BF_%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_3.jpg/330px-1%CE%BF_%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1%CE%BF_%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_3.jpg/440px-1%CE%BF_%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>The old <a href="/wiki/Zosimaia_School" title="Zosimaia School">Zosimaia School</a>, now municipal school</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the repression and conversions in the 17th century, and the prominence of the Muslim population in the city's affairs, Ioannina retained its Christian majority throughout Ottoman rule, and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a> retained a dominant position; <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Turkish</a> was spoken by the Ottoman officials and the garrison, and the Albanian inhabitants used Albanian, but the <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i> and native language of most inhabitants was Greek, including among the <i>Tourkoyanniotes</i>, and was sometimes used by the Ottoman authorities themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city also soon recovered from the financial effects of the revolt. In the late 17th century Ioannina was a thriving city with respect to population and commercial activity. Evliya Çelebi mentions the presence of 1,900 shops and workshops. The great economic prosperity of the city was followed by remarkable cultural activity. During the 17th and 18th centuries, many important schools were established.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its inhabitants continued their commercial and handicraft activities which allowed them to trade with important European commercial centers, such as <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a>, where merchants from Ioannina established commercial and banking houses. The Ioannite diaspora was also culturally active: Nikolaos Glykys (in 1670), Nikolaos Sarros (in 1687) and Dimitrios Theodosiou (in 1755) established private printing presses in Venice, responsible for over 1,600 editions of books for circulation in the Ottoman-ruled Greek lands, and Ioannina was the centre through which these books were channeled into Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997261_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997261-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were significant historical, theological as well as scientific works, including an algebra book funded by the <a href="/wiki/Zosimades" title="Zosimades">Zosimades</a> brothers, books for use in the schools of Ioannina such as the <i>Arithmetica</i> of <a href="/wiki/Balanos_Vasilopoulos" title="Balanos Vasilopoulos">Balanos Vasilopoulos</a>, as well as medical books. At the same time these merchants and entrepreneurs maintained close economic and intellectual relations with their birthplace and founded charity and education establishments. These merchants were to be major national benefactors. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zois_Kaplanis_1870_005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Zois_Kaplanis_1870_005.JPG/240px-Zois_Kaplanis_1870_005.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Zois_Kaplanis_1870_005.JPG/360px-Zois_Kaplanis_1870_005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Zois_Kaplanis_1870_005.JPG/480px-Zois_Kaplanis_1870_005.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1533" data-file-height="1491" /></a><figcaption>Zois Kaplanis, Greek philanthropist from Ioannina, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Kaplaneios_School" title="Kaplaneios School">Kaplaneios School</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannina_Kaplaneios.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ioannina_Kaplaneios.jpg/220px-Ioannina_Kaplaneios.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ioannina_Kaplaneios.jpg/330px-Ioannina_Kaplaneios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ioannina_Kaplaneios.jpg/440px-Ioannina_Kaplaneios.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaplaneios_School" title="Kaplaneios School">Kaplaneios School</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Thus the <i>Epiphaniou</i> School was founded in 1647 by a Greek merchant of Ioannite origin resident in Venice, Epiphaneios Igoumenos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997268_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997268-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Gioumeios</i> School was founded in 1676 by a benefaction from another wealthy Ioannite Greek from Venice, Emmanuel Goumas. It was renamed <i>Balaneios</i> by its rector, <a href="/wiki/Balanos_Vasilopoulos" title="Balanos Vasilopoulos">Balanos Vasilopoulos</a>, in 1725. Here worked several notable personalities of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Enlightenment">Greek Enlightenment</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Bessarion_Makris" title="Bessarion Makris">Bessarion Makris</a>, the priests <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sougdouris" title="Georgios Sougdouris">Georgios Sougdouris</a> (1685/7–1725) and Anastasios Papavasileiou (1715–?), the monk <a href="/wiki/Methodios_Anthrakites" title="Methodios Anthrakites">Methodios Anthrakites</a>, his student <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Vilaras" title="Ioannis Vilaras">Ioannis Vilaras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosmas_Balanos" title="Kosmas Balanos">Kosmas Balanos</a>. The <i>Balaneios</i> taught philosophy, theology and mathematics. It suffered financially from the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Republic of Venice">dissolution of the Republic of Venice</a> by the French and finally stopped operation in 1820. The school's library, which hosted several manuscripts and epigrams, was also burned the same year following the capture of Ioannina by the troops the Sultan had sent against <a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Yannina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Pasha of Yannina">Ali Pasha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Maroutses family, also active in Venice, founded the <a href="/wiki/Maroutsaia_School" title="Maroutsaia School">Maroutsaia School</a>, which opened in 1742 and its first director <a href="/wiki/Eugenios_Voulgaris" title="Eugenios Voulgaris">Eugenios Voulgaris</a> championed the study of the <a href="/wiki/Physical_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical sciences">physical sciences</a> (physics and chemistry) as well as philosophy and Greek. The <i>Maroutsaia</i> also suffered after the fall of Venice and closed in 1797 to be reopened as the <a href="/wiki/Kaplaneios_School" title="Kaplaneios School">Kaplaneios School</a> thanks to a benefaction from an Ioannite living in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, Zoes Kaplanes. Its schoolmaster, <a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Psalidas" title="Athanasios Psalidas">Athanasios Psalidas</a> had been a student of <a href="/wiki/Methodios_Anthrakites" title="Methodios Anthrakites">Methodios Anthrakites</a> and had also studied in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Psalidas established an important library of thousands of volumes in several languages and laboratories for the study of <a href="/wiki/Experimental_physics" title="Experimental physics">experimental physics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> that aroused the interest and suspicion of Ali Pasha. The <i>Kaplaneios</i> was burned down along with most of the rest of the city after the entry of the <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Sultan's</a> armies in 1820. These schools took over the long tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> era, giving a significant boost to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Enlightenment">Greek Enlightenment</a>. "During the 18th century", <a href="/wiki/Neophytos_Doukas" title="Neophytos Doukas">Neophytos Doukas</a> wrote with some exaggeration, "every author of the Greek world, was either from Ioannina or was a graduate of one of the city's schools."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ali_Pasha's_rule_(1788–1822)"><span id="Ali_Pasha.27s_rule_.281788.E2.80.931822.29"></span>Ali Pasha's rule (1788–1822)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ali Pasha's rule (1788–1822)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Janina_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Janina_Mosque.jpg/220px-Janina_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Janina_Mosque.jpg/330px-Janina_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Janina_Mosque.jpg/440px-Janina_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fethiye_Mosque_(Ioannina)" title="Fethiye Mosque (Ioannina)">Fethiye Mosque</a> with the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha</a> in the foreground. The mosque was renovated by Ali Pasha in 1795</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1788 the city became the center of the <a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Janina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashalik of Janina">territory</a> ruled by <a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Yannina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Pasha of Yannina">Ali Pasha</a>, an area that included the entire northwestern part of Greece, southern parts of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>. The Ottoman-Albanian lord Ali Pasha was one of the most influential personalities of the region in the 18th and 19th centuries. Born in <a href="/wiki/Tepelen%C3%AB_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepelenë (town)">Tepelenë</a>, he maintained diplomatic relations with the most important European leaders of the time and his court became a point of attraction for many of those restless minds who would become major figures of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek Revolution</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis" title="Georgios Karaiskakis">Georgios Karaiskakis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Androutsos" title="Odysseas Androutsos">Odysseas Androutsos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Markos_Botsaris" title="Markos Botsaris">Markos Botsaris</a> and others). During this time, however, Ali Pasha committed a number of atrocities against the Greek population of Ioannina, culminating in the sewing up of local women in sacks and drowning them in the nearby lake,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this period of his rule coincides with the greatest economic and intellectual prosperity of the city. As a couplet has it "<i>The city was first in arms, money and letters</i>". </p><p>When the French scholar <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pouqueville" title="François Pouqueville">François Pouqueville</a> visited the city during the early years of the 19th century, he counted 3,200 homes (2,000 Christian, 1,000 Muslim, 200 Jewish).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The efforts of Ali Pasha to break away from the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Sublime Porte</a> alarmed the Ottoman government, and in 1820 (the year before the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> began) he was declared guilty of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> and Ioannina was besieged by Turkish troops. Ali Pasha was assassinated in 1822 in the monastery of St Panteleimon on the island of the lake, where he took refuge while waiting to be pardoned by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Last_Ottoman_century_(1822–1913)"><span id="Last_Ottoman_century_.281822.E2.80.931913.29"></span>Last Ottoman century (1822–1913)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Last Ottoman century (1822–1913)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The <i><a href="/wiki/Zosimaia_School" title="Zosimaia School">Zosimaia</a></i> was the first significant educational foundation established after the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> (1828). It was financed by a benefaction from the <a href="/wiki/Zosimades" title="Zosimades">Zosimas brothers</a> and began operating in 1828 and fully probably from 1833.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a School of Liberal Arts (Greek, Philosophy and Foreign Languages). The mansion of Angeliki Papazoglou became the <i>Papazogleios</i> school for girls as an endowment following her death; it operated until 1905.</p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surrender_of_Ioannina.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Surrender_of_Ioannina.png/240px-Surrender_of_Ioannina.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Surrender_of_Ioannina.png/360px-Surrender_of_Ioannina.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Surrender_of_Ioannina.png/480px-Surrender_of_Ioannina.png 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>Greek lithography showing the surrender of Ioannina by Essat Pasha to the Greek Crown Prince future <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Constantine I</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannina_image_76.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ioannina_image_76.jpg/220px-Ioannina_image_76.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ioannina_image_76.jpg/330px-Ioannina_image_76.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ioannina_image_76.jpg/440px-Ioannina_image_76.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3311" data-file-height="2179" /></a><figcaption>Ioannina's central square (1932)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannina_image_77_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ioannina_image_77_%281%29.jpg/220px-Ioannina_image_77_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ioannina_image_77_%281%29.jpg/330px-Ioannina_image_77_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ioannina_image_77_%281%29.jpg/440px-Ioannina_image_77_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3393" data-file-height="3185" /></a><figcaption>Main street (Dodonis Avenue) of the city (1940s or 1950s)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1869, a great part of Ioannina was destroyed by fire. The marketplace was soon reconstructed according to the plans of the German architect Holz, thanks to the personal interest of Ahmet Rashim Pasha, the local governor. Communities of people from Ioannina living abroad were active in financing the construction of most of the city's churches, schools and other elegant buildings of charitable establishments. The first bank of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bank" title="Ottoman Bank">Ottoman Bank</a>, opened its first branch in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in Ioannina, which shows the power of the city in world trade in the 19th century. As the 19th century came to a close, signs of national agitation emerged among some parts of the city' s population. In 1877 for example, Albanian leaders sent a memorandum to the Ottoman government demanding, among other things, the establishment of Albanian language schools and various Muslim Albanians of the Vilayet formed in Ioannina a <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Committee_of_Janina" title="Albanian Committee of Janina">committee</a> which aimed at defending Albanian rights, but it was inactive in general.<sup id="cite_ref-Somel2001_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somel2001-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skendi1967_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi1967-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-trencsenyi_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trencsenyi-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek population of the region authorized a committee to present to European governments their wish for union with Greece; as a result <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Chasiotis" title="Dimitrios Chasiotis">Dimitrios Chasiotis</a> published a memorandum in Paris in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997293_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997293-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Ottoman censuses of 1881–1893, the city and its environs (the central <i><a href="/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza">kaza</a></i> of the Sanjak of Ioannina), had a population comprising 4,759 Muslims, 77,258 Greek Orthodox (including both Greek and Albanian speakers), 3,334 Jews and 207 of foreign nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While a number of Turkish-language schools were established at the time, Greek-language education retained its prominent position. Even the city's prominent Muslim families preferred to send their children to well-established Greek institutions, notably the <i>Zosimaia</i>. As a result, the dominance of the Greek language in the city continued: the minutes of the city council were kept in Greek, and the official newspaper, <i>Vilayet</i>, established in 1868, was bilingual in Turkish and Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1908 an Albanian association was already active in Ioannina with the goal of removing the Albanian schools and churches of Ioaninna from the Greek's Patriarchate sphere of influence.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Ottoman period (<i>turcokracy</i>) the religious-linguistic minority of "Turco-yanniotes" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_Muslims#Epirote_Muslims" title="Greek Muslims">Τουρκογιαννιώτες</a>) existed in Ioannina and neighbouring areas. These were islamized "Yaniotes" (= people from Ioannina), who spoke Greek. There is a limited number of texts written with Greek alphabet in their idiom.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period_(since_1913)"><span id="Modern_period_.28since_1913.29"></span>Modern period (since 1913)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern period (since 1913)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ioannina was incorporated into the Greek state on 21 February 1913 after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bizani" title="Battle of Bizani">Battle of Bizani</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>. The day the city came under the control of the Greek forces, aviator <a href="/wiki/Christos_Adamidis" title="Christos Adamidis">Christos Adamidis</a>, a native of the city, landed his <a href="/wiki/Farman_MF.7" title="Farman MF.7">Maurice Farman MF.7</a> biplane in the Town Hall square, to the adulation of an enthusiastic crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%9322)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)">Asia Minor Catastrophe</a> (1922) and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a>, the Muslim population was <a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">exchanged</a> with Greek refugees from <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. A small Muslim community of Albanian origin continued to live in Ioannina after the exchange, which in 1940 counted 20 families and had decreased to 8 individuals in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-Foss1978_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foss1978-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the capture of the city became one of the major objectives of the Italian Army. Nevertheless, the Greek defense in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elaia%E2%80%93Kalamas" title="Battle of Elaia–Kalamas">Kalpaki</a> pushed back the invading Italians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997391_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997391-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1941 Ioannina was intensively bombed by the German forces even during the negotiations that led to the capitulation of the Greek army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997400_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997400-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation of Greece</a>, the city's Jewish community was rounded up by the Germans in 1944 and mostly perished in the concentration camps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnastassiadou2002282–283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 October 1943, the German army murdered in reprisal nearly 100 people in the village of Lingiades, 13 kilometres distant from Ioaninna, in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Lingiades_massacre" title="Lingiades massacre">Lingiades massacre</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ioannina" title="University of Ioannina">University of Ioannina</a> was founded in 1970; until then, higher education faculties in the city had been part of the <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_University_of_Thessaloniki" title="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997418_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997418-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_community">Jewish community</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Jewish community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romaniote Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation of Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-179-1575-08,_Ioannina,_Deportation_von_Juden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-179-1575-08%2C_Ioannina%2C_Deportation_von_Juden.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-179-1575-08%2C_Ioannina%2C_Deportation_von_Juden.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-179-1575-08%2C_Ioannina%2C_Deportation_von_Juden.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-179-1575-08%2C_Ioannina%2C_Deportation_von_Juden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-179-1575-08%2C_Ioannina%2C_Deportation_von_Juden.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-179-1575-08%2C_Ioannina%2C_Deportation_von_Juden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>A young woman cries during the deportation of women and children of the Jewish community, March 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the local Greek scholar <a href="/wiki/Panayiotis_Aravantinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Panayiotis Aravantinos">Panayiotis Aravantinos</a>, a synagogue destroyed in the 18th century bore an inscription which dated its foundation in the late 9th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-EllisKlusáková2007_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EllisKlusáková2007-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existing <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> was built in 1829 and is known as the Old Synagogue. It is located in the old fortified part of the city known as <i>"Kastro"</i>, at 16 Ioustinianou street. Its architecture is typical of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> era, a large building made of stone. The interior of the synagogue is laid out in the Romaniote way: the <a href="/wiki/Bema#Judaism" title="Bema">bimah</a> (where the <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Torah">Torah scrolls</a> are read out during service) is on a raised <a href="/wiki/Dais" title="Dais">dais</a> on the western wall, the <a href="/wiki/Ark_(synagogue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ark (synagogue)">Aron haKodesh</a> (where the <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Torah">Torah scrolls</a> are kept) is on the eastern wall and at the middle there is a wide interior <a href="/wiki/Aisle" title="Aisle">aisle</a>. The names of the Ioanniote Jews who were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> are engraved in stone on the walls of the synagogue. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannina_Synagogue_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ioannina_Synagogue_1.JPG/160px-Ioannina_Synagogue_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ioannina_Synagogue_1.JPG/240px-Ioannina_Synagogue_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ioannina_Synagogue_1.JPG/320px-Ioannina_Synagogue_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The old synagogue of the city</figcaption></figure> <p>There was a <a href="/wiki/Romaniotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Romaniotes">Romaniote</a> Jewish community living in Ioannina before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in addition to a very small number of <a href="/wiki/Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a>. Many emigrated to New York, founding a congregation in 1906 and the <a href="/wiki/Kehila_Kedosha_Janina" title="Kehila Kedosha Janina">Kehila Kedosha Janina</a> synagogue in 1927. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rae_Dalven" title="Rae Dalven">Rae Dalven</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Where did Rae Dalven say this? (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> 1,950 Jews were living in Ioannina in April 1941. Of these, 1,870 were deported by the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a> to <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camps</a> on 25 March 1944, during the final months of German occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost all of the people deported were murdered on or shortly after 11 April 1944, when the train carrying them reached <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz-Birkenau</a>. Only 181 Ioannina Jews are known to have survived the war, including 112 who survived Auschwitz and 69 who fled to join the resistance leader <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Zervas" title="Napoleon Zervas">Napoleon Zervas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Greek_League" class="mw-redirect" title="National Republican Greek League">National Republican Greek League</a> (EDES). Approximately 164 of these survivors eventually returned to Ioannina.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2008, the remaining community has shrunk to about 50 mostly elderly people.<sup id="cite_ref-Kehila_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kehila-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Raptis_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raptis-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kehila Kedosha Yashan Synagogue remains locked, only opened for visitors on request. Emigrant Romaniotes return every summer and open the old synagogue. The last time a <a href="/wiki/Bar_Mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar Mitzvah">Bar Mitzvah</a> (the Jewish ritual for celebrating the <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_age" title="Coming of age">coming of age</a> of a child) was held in the synagogue was in 2000, and was an exceptional event for the community.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A monument dedicated to the thousands of Greek Jews who perished during the Holocaust was constructed in the city in a 13th-century Jewish cemetery. In 2003 the memorial was vandalized by unknown anti-Semites.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jewish cemetery too was repeatedly vandalized in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a response to the vandalisms, citizens of the city formed an initiative for the protection of the cemetery and organized rallies.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the municipal election of 2019, independent candidate <a href="/wiki/Moses_Elisaf" title="Moses Elisaf">Moses Elisaf</a>, a 65-year-old doctor, was elected mayor of the city, the first <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> elected mayor in Greece. Elisaf won 50.3 percent of the vote. Elisaf received 17,789 votes, 235 more than his runoff opponent.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9.jpg/750px-%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9.jpg/1125px-%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9.jpg/1500px-%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>The city of Ioannina and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pamvotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Pamvotis">Lake Pamvotis</a>, as seen from the <a href="/wiki/Mitsikeli" title="Mitsikeli">Mitsikeli</a> mountain road.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ioannina lies at an elevation of approximately 500 metres (1,640 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>, on the western shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pamvotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Pamvotis">Lake Pamvotis</a> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Παμβώτις</span></span>). It is located within the Ioannina municipality, and is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_(regional_unit)" title="Ioannina (regional unit)">Ioannina regional unit</a> and the region of <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a>. Ioannina is located 436 km (271 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, 290 kilometres (180 miles) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> and 90 km (56 miles) east of the port of <a href="/wiki/Igoumenitsa" title="Igoumenitsa">Igoumenitsa</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a>. </p><p>The municipality Ioannina has an area of 403.322 km<sup>2</sup>, the municipal unit Ioannina has an area of 47.440 km<sup>2</sup>, and the community Ioannina (the city proper) has an area of 17.335 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-stat01_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat01-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The present municipality Ioannina was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 6 former municipalities, that became municipal units (constituent communities in brackets):<sup id="cite_ref-Kallikratis_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kallikratis-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Ioannina (Ioannina, Exochi, Marmara, Neochoropoulo, Stavraki)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoli" title="Anatoli">Anatoli</a> (Anatoli, Bafra, Neokaisareia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizani" title="Bizani">Bizani</a> (Ampeleia, Bizani, Asvestochori, Kontsika, Kosmira, Manoliasa, Pedini)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Island" title="Ioannina Island">Ioannina Island</a> (Greek: <i>Nisos Ioanninon</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamvotida" title="Pamvotida">Pamvotida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Katsikas" title="Katsikas">Katsikas</a>, Anatoliki, Vasiliki, Dafnoula, Drosochori, <a href="/wiki/Iliokali" title="Iliokali">Iliokali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kastritsa" title="Kastritsa">Kastritsa</a>, Koutselio, Krapsi, Longades, Mouzakaioi, Platania, Platanas, Charokopi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perama,_Ioannina" title="Perama, Ioannina">Perama</a> (Perama, Amfithea, Kranoula, Krya, <a href="/wiki/Kryovrysi,_Ioannina" title="Kryovrysi, Ioannina">Kryovrysi</a>, Ligkiades, Mazia, Perivleptos, Spothoi)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ioannina has a hot-summer <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<i>Csa</i>) or a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<i>Cfa</i>) in the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, with somewhat wetter summers than nearby coastal areas, tempered by its inland location and elevation. Summers are typically hot and moderately dry, while winters are wet and colder than on the coast with frequent frosts and occasional snowfall. Ioannina is the wettest city in mainland Greece with over 50,000 inhabitants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The absolute maximum temperature ever recorded was 42.4 °C (108 °F), while the absolute minimum ever recorded was −13 °C (9 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Ioannina (475 m; 1956–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #48FF48; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.5<br />(4.82) </td> <td style="background: #47FF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.5<br />(4.43) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.9<br />(3.74) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(3.01) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.9<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.1<br />(1.74) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(1.25) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(1.19) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #5EFF5E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107.5<br />(4.23) </td> <td style="background: #00FA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.8<br />(6.65) </td> <td style="background: #00FE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.3<br />(6.74) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,089.3<br />(42.89) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">123.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.9 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.9 </td> <td style="background: #1C1CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.1 </td> <td style="background: #3636FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.4 </td> <td style="background: #2E2EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54.4 </td> <td style="background: #0B0BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000C6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #ABABA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.3 </td> <td style="background: #B5B564; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.4 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.2 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">225.2 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">296.0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">320.7 </td> <td style="background: #EDED09; color:#000000;" class="notheme">296.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.2 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.4 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.1 </td> <td style="background: #898989; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.2 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,191.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Greek National Weather Service<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2021 census the resident population fell by 4.2%. Men constitute 48.9% and women 51.1% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Population censuses, 1981–2021 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Town</th> <th>Municipal unit</th> <th>Municipality </th> <th>Men </th> <th>Women </th></tr> <tr> <td>1913<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>16,804 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>20,765 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1928<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>20,485 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21,887 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>32,315 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>34,997 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>40,130 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1981<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>44,829</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1991<sup id="cite_ref-:1_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>56,699</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2001<sup id="cite_ref-:2_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>67,384</td> <td>–</td> <td>75,550 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2011</td> <td>65,574</td> <td>80,371</td> <td>112,486<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>53,975 </td> <td>58,511 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2021</td> <td>64,896</td> <td>81,627</td> <td>113,978<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>54,951 </td> <td>59,027 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks_and_sights">Landmarks and sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Landmarks and sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ioannina" title="Special:EditPage/Ioannina">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ioannina%22">"Ioannina"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ioannina%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ioannina%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ioannina%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ioannina%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ioannina%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isle_of_Lake_Pamvotis">Isle of Lake Pamvotis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Isle of Lake Pamvotis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Island" title="Ioannina Island">Ioannina Island</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannina_island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ioannina_island.jpg/240px-Ioannina_island.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ioannina_island.jpg/360px-Ioannina_island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ioannina_island.jpg/480px-Ioannina_island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Island" title="Ioannina Island">Ioannina Island</a> in the lake</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most notable attractions of Ioannina is the inhabited island of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pamvotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Pamvotis">Lake Pamvotis</a> which is simply referred to as <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Island" title="Ioannina Island">Island of Ioannina</a>. The island is a short ferry trip from the mainland and can be reached on small motorboats running on varying frequencies depending on the season. The monastery of St Panteleimon, where <a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Yannina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Pasha of Yannina">Ali Pasha</a> spent his last days waiting for a pardon from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Sultan</a>, is now a museum housing everyday artefacts and relics of his period.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are six monasteries on the island: the monastery of St Nicholas (Ntiliou) or Strategopoulou (11th century), the Monastery of St Nicholas (Spanou) or Philanthropinon (1292), St John the Baptist (1506), Eleousis (1570), St Panteleimon (17th century), and of the Transfiguration of Christ (1851). The monasteries of Strategopoulou and Philanthropinon also functioned as colleges. Alexios Spanos, the monks Proklos and Comnenos, and the Apsarades brothers Theophanis and Nektarios are among those that taught there.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school continued its activities until 1758, when it was superseded by the newer collegial institutions within the city. The island's winding streets are also home to many gift-shops, tavernas, churches and bakeries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ioannina_Castle">Ioannina Castle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ioannina Castle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Castle" title="Ioannina Castle">Ioannina Castle</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD,_%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_(photosiotas)_(12)%CE%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_%28photosiotas%29_%2812%29%CE%B9.jpg/200px-%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_%28photosiotas%29_%2812%29%CE%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_%28photosiotas%29_%2812%29%CE%B9.jpg/300px-%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_%28photosiotas%29_%2812%29%CE%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_%28photosiotas%29_%2812%29%CE%B9.jpg/400px-%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_%28photosiotas%29_%2812%29%CE%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A gate of the castle</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_(photosiotas)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%28photosiotas%29_%282%29.jpg/200px-%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%28photosiotas%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%28photosiotas%29_%282%29.jpg/300px-%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%28photosiotas%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%28photosiotas%29_%282%29.jpg/400px-%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%28photosiotas%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Wall of the castle</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Ali_Pasha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tomb_of_Ali_Pasha.jpg/200px-Tomb_of_Ali_Pasha.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tomb_of_Ali_Pasha.jpg/300px-Tomb_of_Ali_Pasha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tomb_of_Ali_Pasha.jpg/400px-Tomb_of_Ali_Pasha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of Ali Pasha</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_museum_Ioannina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Byzantine_museum_Ioannina.jpg/200px-Byzantine_museum_Ioannina.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Byzantine_museum_Ioannina.jpg/300px-Byzantine_museum_Ioannina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Byzantine_museum_Ioannina.jpg/400px-Byzantine_museum_Ioannina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5055" data-file-height="3370" /></a><figcaption>Byzantine museum</figcaption></figure> <p>At the south-eastern edge of the town on a rocky peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pamvotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Pamvotis">Lake Pamvotis</a>, the castle was the administrative heart of the <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a>, and the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">vilayet</a>. The castle was in constant use until the late Ottoman period and the fortifications underwent several modifications throughout the centuries. The most extensive alterations where conducted during the rule of <a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha</a> and were completed in 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several monuments such as the Byzantine baths, the Ottoman baths, the Ottoman library, and the <a href="/wiki/Soufari_Sarai" title="Soufari Sarai">Soufari Sarai</a> are found within the castle's walls.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two citadels in the castle. The south-eastern citadel, which bears the name <i>Its Kale</i> (Ιτς Καλέ, from Turkish <i><a href="/wiki/Its_Kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Its Kale">Iç Kale</a></i>, 'inner fortress')<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is where the <a href="/wiki/Fethiye_Mosque_(Ioannina)" title="Fethiye Mosque (Ioannina)">Fethiye Mosque</a>, the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Museum_of_Ioannina" title="Byzantine Museum of Ioannina">Byzantine Museum</a> are located.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The north-eastern citadel is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Pasha_Mosque" title="Aslan Pasha Mosque">Aslan Pasha Mosque</a> and also contains a few other monuments dating from the Ottoman period.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Synagogue_of_Ioannina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish Synagogue of Ioannina (page does not exist)">Jewish Synagogue of Ioannina</a> is within the walls of the castle and is one of the oldest and largest buildings of its type surviving in Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_city">The city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several religious and secular monuments survive from the Ottoman period. In addition to the two mosques surviving within the walls of the castle, two further mosques are preserved outside the walls. The <a href="/wiki/Veli_Pasha_Mosque_(Ioannina)" title="Veli Pasha Mosque (Ioannina)">Mosque and Madrassa of Veli Pasha</a> are in the centre of the city,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Kaloutsiani_Mosque" title="Kaloutsiani Mosque">Kaloutsiani Mosque</a> can be found in the area of the city with the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The now derelict "House of the Archbishop", near the football stadium, is the only old mansion that survived the fire of 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the notable landmarks in the city centre also date from the late Ottoman period. The municipal clock tower of Ioannina, designed by local architect Periklis Meliritos, was erected in 1905 to celebrate the Jubilee of sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a>. The adjacent building houses the <a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(Greece)" title="8th Infantry Division (Greece)">VIII Division</a> headquarters. It dates from the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> buildings such the post office, the old <a href="/wiki/Zosimaia_School" title="Zosimaia School">Zosimaia School</a>, the Papazogleios Weaving School, and the former Commercial School date from the late Ottoman period as do a few <a href="/wiki/Arcade_(architecture)" title="Arcade (architecture)">arcades</a> in the old commercial centre of the city like Stoa Louli and Stoa Liampei.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The churches of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_the_Assumption,_Ioannina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of the Assumption, Ioannina (page does not exist)">Assumption of the Virgin</a> at Perivleptos, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Nicholas_of_Kopanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Nicholas of Kopanon (page does not exist)">Saint Nicholas of Kopanon</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Saint_Marina,_Ioannina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of Saint Marina, Ioannina (page does not exist)">Saint Marina</a> were rebuilt in the 1850s by funds from Nikolaos Zosimas and his brothers on the foundations of previous churches that perished in the great fire of 1820. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_St_Athanasius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathedral of St Athanasius (page does not exist)">Cathedral of St Athanasius</a> was completed in 1933. It was built on the foundations of the previous Orthodox cathedral which was destroyed in the fires of 1820. It is a three-aisled <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castroioannina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Castroioannina.jpg/220px-Castroioannina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Castroioannina.jpg/330px-Castroioannina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Castroioannina.jpg/440px-Castroioannina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Street near the castle</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioanninahall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ioanninahall.jpg/200px-Ioanninahall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ioanninahall.jpg/300px-Ioanninahall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ioanninahall.jpg/400px-Ioanninahall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The city hall</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannina_Municipality_Gallery,_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ioannina_Municipality_Gallery%2C_Greece.jpg/200px-Ioannina_Municipality_Gallery%2C_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ioannina_Municipality_Gallery%2C_Greece.jpg/300px-Ioannina_Municipality_Gallery%2C_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ioannina_Municipality_Gallery%2C_Greece.jpg/400px-Ioannina_Municipality_Gallery%2C_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Art_Gallery_of_Ioannina" title="Municipal Art Gallery of Ioannina">Municipal Art Gallery of Ioannina</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140415_ioannina122.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/20140415_ioannina122.JPG/200px-20140415_ioannina122.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/20140415_ioannina122.JPG/300px-20140415_ioannina122.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/20140415_ioannina122.JPG/400px-20140415_ioannina122.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Road to the clocktower, Averof street</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B9_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B9_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.jpg/180px-%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B9_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B9_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.jpg/270px-%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B9_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B9_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.jpg/360px-%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B9_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption>Clocktower in central Dimokratias Square</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_galleries">Museums and galleries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Museums and galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silversmithing_Museum_Ioannina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Silversmithing_Museum_Ioannina.jpg/200px-Silversmithing_Museum_Ioannina.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Silversmithing_Museum_Ioannina.jpg/300px-Silversmithing_Museum_Ioannina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Silversmithing_Museum_Ioannina.jpg/400px-Silversmithing_Museum_Ioannina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Silversmithing museum</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the most important museums of the city are within the walls of the castle. The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Ethnographic_Museum_of_Ioannina" title="Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina">Municipal Ethnographic Museum</a> is hosted in <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Pasha_Mosque" title="Aslan Pasha Mosque">Aslan Pasha Mosque</a> in the north-east citadel. It is divided into three departments, each one representing one of the main communities that inhabited the city: Greek, Muslim, and Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Museum_of_Ioannina" title="Byzantine Museum of Ioannina">Byzantine Museum</a> is in the south-eastern citadel of the castle. The museum opened in 1995 in order to preserve and present artefacts of the wider region of Epirus covering the period from the 4th to the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newest addition to the city's museum, the silversmithing museum, is also in the south-eastern citadel. It is housed in the western bastion of the citadel and outlines the history of the art of silversmithing in Epirus.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside the walls of the castle, close to the town centre, one will find the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Ioannina" title="Archaeological Museum of Ioannina">Archaeological Museum of Ioannina</a>. It is in the Litharitsia fortress area. It includes archaeological exhibits documenting the human habitation of Epirus from prehistoric times through the late Roman Period, with special emphasis placed on finds from the <a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a> sanctuary.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Art_Gallery_of_Ioannina" title="Municipal Art Gallery of Ioannina">Municipal Art Gallery of Ioannina</a> (Dimotiki Pinakothiki) is housed in the Pyrsinella neoclassical building dating from around 1890. The gallery's collection displays major modern works of painters and sculptors, collected through purchases and donations from various collectors and artists. This includes about 500 works, paintings, drawings, prints, pictures and sculptures.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Vrellis_Greek_History_Museum" title="Pavlos Vrellis Greek History Museum">Pavlos Vrellis Greek History Museum</a> is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the city. It is a <a href="/wiki/Wax_museum" title="Wax museum">wax museum</a> which covers events and personalities from Greek history as well as the history of the region and is the result of the personal work of Pavlos Vrellis.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A digital art exhibition, Plásmata II, was organised by the Onassis Cultural Center in the lakeside of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pamvotida" title="Lake Pamvotida">Pamvotis</a>, in the summer of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 100,000 people visited the exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a new entry for the city and future actions in every area with the help of Onassis Cultural Center.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uoi_ktiria_thetikwn_epistimwn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Uoi_ktiria_thetikwn_epistimwn.jpg/240px-Uoi_ktiria_thetikwn_epistimwn.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Uoi_ktiria_thetikwn_epistimwn.jpg/360px-Uoi_ktiria_thetikwn_epistimwn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Uoi_ktiria_thetikwn_epistimwn.jpg/480px-Uoi_ktiria_thetikwn_epistimwn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>Buildings of the University of Ioannina</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140415_ioannina550.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/20140415_ioannina550.JPG/200px-20140415_ioannina550.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/20140415_ioannina550.JPG/300px-20140415_ioannina550.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/20140415_ioannina550.JPG/400px-20140415_ioannina550.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Entrance of Zosimaia Library</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ioannina" title="University of Ioannina">University of Ioannina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων, <i>Panepistimio Ioanninon</i>) is a university five kilometres southwest of Ioannina. The university was founded in 1964, as a charter of the <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_University_of_Thessaloniki" title="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a> and became an independent university in 1970. Today, the university is one of the leading academic institutions in Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings_-_University_of_Ioannina_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings_-_University_of_Ioannina-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CWTS_Leiden_Ranking_-_University_of_Ioannina_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWTS_Leiden_Ranking_-_University_of_Ioannina-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UniversityRankings.ch_(SERI)_-_University_of_Ioannina_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniversityRankings.ch_(SERI)_-_University_of_Ioannina-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scientometrics_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scientometrics-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2017, there was a student population of 25,000 enrolled at the university (21,900 at the <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduate">undergraduate</a> level and 3,200 at the <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgraduate">postgraduate</a> level) and 580 faculty members, while teaching is further supplemented by 171 teaching fellows and 132 laboratory staff. The university administrative services are staffed with 420 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-General_Information_–_University_of_Ioannina_history_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-General_Information_–_University_of_Ioannina_history-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_products">Local products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Local products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ioannina is known throughout Greece for its silverwork, with a number of shops selling silver jewelry, bronzeware, and decorative items (serving trays, recreations of shields and swords.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hookah" title="Hookah">Hookahs</a> (<i>nargiles</i>, ναργιλές) are sold to tourists as novelty items and vary in size from small (three inches in height) to quite large (4–5 ft (1–2 m) tall).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic cuisine</a></div> <ul><li>The area is famous for its spring water from <a href="/wiki/Zagori" title="Zagori">Zagori</a>, sold throughout <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.</li> <li>The region of Ioannina is well known for the production of <a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">feta</a> cheese.</li> <li>Ioannina is also famous for its <a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">baklava</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_legs" title="Frog legs">Frog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anguilla_anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguilla anguilla">eel</a>, especially famous on Ioannina Island.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_TV1" title="Epirus TV1">Epirus TV1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ipirotikos_Agon" title="Ipirotikos Agon">Ipirotikos Agon</a></i>, a locally published newspaper</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proinos_Logos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proinos Logos (page does not exist)">Proinos Logos</a></i>, a locally published newspaper</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology_hub_development">Technology hub development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Technology hub development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in the early 2020s, Ioannina has started to evolve into a significant technology hub. The city has attracted technology companies, which have helped to bolster Ioannina's technological capacity and contributed to a new economic trajectory for the city, driving development in this sector.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, the prefecture has been actively fostering partnerships between Greek and German companies in a bid to further strengthen the local economy and tech ecosystem. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed with the Greek-German Chamber, outlining the recovery plan for the region, a move that has been seen as a significant step in boosting technological development in Ioannina.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consulates">Consulates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Consulates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city hosts <a href="/wiki/Consulates" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulates">consulates</a> from the following countries: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions of Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ioannina_compromise">Ioannina compromise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Ioannina compromise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_compromise" title="Ioannina compromise">Ioannina compromise</a></div> <p>An informal meeting of the foreign ministers of the states of the European Union took place in Ioannina on 27 March 1994, resulting in the Ioannina compromise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people_from_Ioannina">Notable people from Ioannina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable people from Ioannina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zois_Kaplanis_(1809).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Zois_Kaplanis_%281809%29.jpg/140px-Zois_Kaplanis_%281809%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Zois_Kaplanis_%281809%29.jpg/210px-Zois_Kaplanis_%281809%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Zois_Kaplanis_%281809%29.jpg/280px-Zois_Kaplanis_%281809%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Zois Kaplanis</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AthanasiosPsalidas2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/AthanasiosPsalidas2.jpg/140px-AthanasiosPsalidas2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/AthanasiosPsalidas2.jpg/210px-AthanasiosPsalidas2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/AthanasiosPsalidas2.jpg/280px-AthanasiosPsalidas2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Psalidas" title="Athanasios Psalidas">Athanasios Psalidas</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgios_Stavrou_1865_023.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Georgios_Stavrou_1865_023.JPG/140px-Georgios_Stavrou_1865_023.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Georgios_Stavrou_1865_023.JPG/210px-Georgios_Stavrou_1865_023.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Georgios_Stavrou_1865_023.JPG/280px-Georgios_Stavrou_1865_023.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="1487" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Stavros" title="Georgios Stavros">Georgios Stavros</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Apsaras" title="Michael Apsaras">Michael Apsaras</a>, 14th century, Greek noble.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Strategopoulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Strategopoulos (page does not exist)">Simon Strategopoulos</a> 15th-century, noble and governor of Ioannina.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1984177_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1984177-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epifanios_Igoumenos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epifanios Igoumenos (page does not exist)">Epifanios Igoumenos</a> (1568–1648), scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaos_Glykys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaos Glykys (page does not exist)">Nikolaos Glykys</a> (1619–1693), merchant and book publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaos_Sarros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaos Sarros (page does not exist)">Nikolaos Sarros</a> (1617–1697), book publisher, owner of one of the first Greek printing-houses in Venice<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997261:_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997261:-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarion_Makris" title="Bessarion Makris">Bessarion Makris</a> (1635–1699), scholar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sougdouris" title="Georgios Sougdouris">Georgios Sougdouris</a> (1645/7–1725), scholar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodios_Anthrakites" title="Methodios Anthrakites">Methodios Anthrakites</a> (1660–1736), scholar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanos_Vasilopoulos" title="Balanos Vasilopoulos">Balanos Vasilopoulos</a> (1694–1760), scholar.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitrios_Theodosiou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitrios Theodosiou (page does not exist)">Dimitrios Theodosiou</a> (-1782), book publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimades" title="Zosimades">Zosimades</a> brothers, benefactors, founders of the Zosimaia School.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maroutsis_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maroutsis family (page does not exist)">Maroutsis family</a>, traders and benefactors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997268_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997268-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyra_Frosini" title="Kyra Frosini">Kyra Frosini</a> (1772–1800), socialite and heroine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambros_Photiadis" title="Lambros Photiadis">Lambros Photiadis</a> (1752–1805), scholar.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zois_Kaplanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zois Kaplanis (page does not exist)">Zois Kaplanis</a> (1736-1806), merchant, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Kaplaneios_School" title="Kaplaneios School">Kaplaneios School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmas_Balanos" title="Kosmas Balanos">Kosmas Balanos</a> (1731–1808), scholar.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigorios_Paliouritis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigorios Paliouritis (page does not exist)">Grigorios Paliouritis</a> (1778–1816), scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997260_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997260-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Vilaras" title="Ioannis Vilaras">Ioannis Vilaras</a> (1771–1823), poet and scholar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Psalidas" title="Athanasios Psalidas">Athanasios Psalidas</a> (1767–1829), scholar, of the main contributors of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Modern Greek Enlightenment">Modern Greek Enlightenment</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Hadjikonstas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Hadjikonstas (page does not exist)">Georgios Hadjikonstas</a> (1753–1845), benefactor.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasileios_Goudas" title="Vasileios Goudas">Vasileios Goudas</a> (1779–1845), fighter of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Tsakalov" title="Athanasios Tsakalov">Athanasios Tsakalov</a> (1790–1851), one of the three founders of <a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Christaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Christaris (page does not exist)">Michael Christaris</a> (1773–1851), scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisabeth_Kastrisogia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisabeth Kastrisogia (page does not exist)">Elisabeth Kastrisogia</a> (1800–1863), benefactor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997305_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997305-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Stavros" title="Georgios Stavros">Georgios Stavros</a> (1787–1869), benefactor, founder of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Greece" title="National Bank of Greece">National Bank of Greece</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Palaskas" title="Leonidas Palaskas">Leonidas Palaskas</a> (1819–1880), Hellenic navy officer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reshid_Akif_Pasha" title="Reshid Akif Pasha">Reshid Akif Pasha</a> (1863-1920), Ottoman statesman.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Hatzis" title="Georgios Hatzis">Georgios Hatzis</a> (Pelleren) (1881–1930), author and journalist.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Elijia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Elijia (page does not exist)">Josef Elijia</a> (1901–1931), Jewish Greek poet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997410_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997410-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Nicholas_V_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch Nicholas V of Alexandria">Patriarch Nicholas V of Alexandria</a> (1876–1939)<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehib_Pasha" title="Wehib Pasha">Wehib Pasha</a> (1877–1940), Ottoman general.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christos_Adamidis" title="Christos Adamidis">Christos Adamidis</a> (1885–1949), pioneer aviator and <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Army" title="Hellenic Army">Hellenic Army</a> General.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Mid'hat Frashëri</a> (1880–1949), politician and writer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Esat_B%C3%BClkat" title="Mehmet Esat Bülkat">Mehmet Esat Bülkat</a> (1862–1952), Ottoman general.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zzettin_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Flar" title="İzzettin Çalışlar">İzzettin Çalışlar</a> (1882–1951), officer of the Ottoman Army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhalik_Renda" title="Abdülhalik Renda">Abdülhalik Renda</a> (1881-1957), Chairman of the Turkish National Assembly.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Markos_Avgeris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markos Avgeris (page does not exist)">Markos Avgeris</a> (1884–1973), poet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalia_Bakas" title="Amalia Bakas">Amalia Bakas</a> (1897–1979), singer.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorsett_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorsett-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Hatzis" title="Dimitrios Hatzis">Dimitrios Hatzis</a> (1913–1981), novelist.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimosthenis_Kokkinos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimosthenis Kokkinos (page does not exist)">Dimosthenis Kokkinos</a> (1926–1991), Poet and author.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Hikmet_%C4%B0%C5%9Fmen" title="Fatma Hikmet İşmen">Fatma Hikmet İşmen</a> (1918-2006), engineer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Vrellis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlos Vrellis">Pavlos Vrellis</a> (1922–2010), sculptor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinos_Constantinides" title="Dinos Constantinides">Dinos Constantinides</a> (1929–2021), classical music composer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Mousafiris" title="Takis Mousafiris">Takis Mousafiris</a> (1936–2021), Greek composer and songwriter<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Matsas family, <a href="/wiki/Romaniotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Romaniotes">Romaniote</a> Jewish family; most known <a href="/wiki/Minos_EMI" title="Minos EMI">Minos Matsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierotheos_(Vlachos)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hierotheos (Vlachos)">Hierotheos (Vlachos)</a>, theologian.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Elisaf" title="Moses Elisaf">Moses Elisaf</a> (1954–2023), mayor from 2019 to 2023.</li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vana_Barba" class="extiw" title="it:Vana Barba">Vana Barba</a>, actress.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marios_Oikonomou" title="Marios Oikonomou">Marios Oikonomou</a>, international football player, played for <a href="/wiki/PAS_Giannina_F.C." title="PAS Giannina F.C.">PAS Giannina</a>, <a href="/wiki/AEK_Athens_F.C." title="AEK Athens F.C.">AEK Athens</a> and Italian clubs like <a href="/wiki/Cagliari_Calcio" title="Cagliari Calcio">Cagliari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna_F.C._1909" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna F.C. 1909">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/F.C._Bari_1908" class="mw-redirect" title="F.C. Bari 1908">Bari</a>, <a href="/wiki/S.P.A.L._2013" class="mw-redirect" title="S.P.A.L. 2013">SPAL</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Dasios" title="Georgios Dasios">Georgios Dasios</a> played for <a href="/wiki/PAS_Giannina" class="mw-redirect" title="PAS Giannina">PAS Giannina</a> and became the Director of the club.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Ntouskos" title="Stefanos Ntouskos">Stefanos Ntouskos</a> (b. 1997), gold medal in the <a href="/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_single_sculls" title="Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's single sculls">Men's single sculls</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Tenfjord" title="Amanda Tenfjord">Amanda Tenfjord</a> (b. 1997), singer and songwriter, Greek representative at <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurovision 2022">Eurovision 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychronis_Tsigkas" title="Polychronis Tsigkas">Polychronis Tsigkas</a> (b. 2000), Greek-Cypriot professional basketball player</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_clubs">Sport clubs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sport clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ioannina is home to a major sports team called <a href="/wiki/PAS_Giannina" class="mw-redirect" title="PAS Giannina">PAS Giannina</a>. It's an inspiration for many of old as well as new supporters of the whole region of <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a>, even outside Ioannina. Rowing is also very popular in Ioannina; the lake hosted several international events and serves as the venue for part of the annual Greek Rowing Championships. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Sport clubs based in Ioannina </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="150">Club </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>Sports </th> <th>Achievements </th></tr> <tr> <td>NO Ioanninon </td> <td>1954 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing</a> </td> <td>Long-time champions in Greece </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spartakos AO </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Olympic weightlifting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">Track and field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td>Long-time champions in Greece in weightlifting </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PAS_Giannina_F.C." title="PAS Giannina F.C.">PAS Giannina</a></td> <td>1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></td> <td>Long-time presence in A Ethniki </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=AGS_Giannena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AGS Giannena (page does not exist)">AGS Giannena</a></td> <td>1963</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">Track and field</a></td> <td>Earlier presence in A1 Ethniki volleyball </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AE_Giannena_F.C." title="AE Giannena F.C.">AE Giannena F.C.</a></td> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></td> <td>Earlier presence in Gamma Ethniki </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giannena_AS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giannena AS (page does not exist)">Giannena AS</a></td> <td>2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a></td> <td>Presence in A2 Ethniki volleyball </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_BC" title="Ioannina BC">Ioannina B.C.</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a></td> <td>Presence in B Ethniki </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=VIKOS_FALCONS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VIKOS FALCONS (page does not exist)">VIKOS FALCONS</a></td> <td>2021</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a></td> <td>Presence in B Ethniki </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_complex">Sport complex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sport complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Sport complex based in Ioannina </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="150">Club </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>Sports </th> <th>Clubs: </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zosimades_Stadium" title="Zosimades Stadium">Zosimades Stadium</a></td> <td>1952</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/PAS_Giannina_F.C." title="PAS Giannina F.C.">PAS Giannina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panepirotan_National_Athletic_Center" title="Panepirotan National Athletic Center">Panepirotan</a></td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">Track and field</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/PAS_Giannina_F.C." title="PAS Giannina F.C.">PAS Giannina</a>, AO Velissarios FC<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/AE_Giannena_F.C." title="AE Giannena F.C.">AE Giannena</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ioannina is served by <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_National_Airport" title="Ioannina National Airport">Ioannina National Airport</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/A2_motorway_(Greece)" title="A2 motorway (Greece)">A2 motorway</a> (Egnatia Odos), part of the <a href="/wiki/International_E-road_network" title="International E-road network">E90</a>, passes by Ioannina. It links the west coast port of <a href="/wiki/Igoumenitsa" title="Igoumenitsa">Igoumenitsa</a> with the borders.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airsealines.com">Air Sea Lines</a> flew from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pamvotida" title="Lake Pamvotida">Lake Pamvotis</a> to <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a> with seaplanes. Air Sea Lines has suspended flights from Corfu to Ioannina since 2007.</li> <li>Long-distance buses (<a href="/wiki/KTEL_(Greece)" title="KTEL (Greece)">KTEL</a>) travel daily to <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> (6–6.5 hours) and <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> (3 hours).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Yanina" figures prominently in <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a>' novel <i>The Count of Monte Cristo</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villagers_of_Ioannina_City" title="Villagers of Ioannina City">Villagers of Ioannina City</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> band from Ioannina, formed in 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Greece" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece">List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ioannina is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEarevac" title="Požarevac">Požarevac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ayia_Napa" title="Ayia Napa">Ayia Napa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>, Cyprus<sup id="cite_ref-Limassol_twinnings_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Limassol_twinnings-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Himara" class="mw-redirect" title="Himara">Himara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ono" title="Kiryat Ono">Kiryat Ono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nizhyn" title="Nizhyn">Nizhyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Schwerte" title="Schwerte">Schwerte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroutsaia_School" title="Maroutsaia School">Maroutsaia School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Yanina" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising in Yanina">Uprising in Yanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagori" title="Zagori">Zagori</a>, region and municipality near Ioannina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Ioannina" title="List of mayors of Ioannina">List of mayors of Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Ioannina" title="Timeline of Ioannina">Timeline of Ioannina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mayor_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9084/">"Municipality of Ioannina, Municipal elections – October 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Greece)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Greece)">Ministry of Interior</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Municipality+of+Ioannina%2C+Municipal+elections+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3BOctober+2023&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fekloges.ypes.gr%2Fcurrent%2Fd%2Fhome%2Fen%2Fmunicipalities%2F9084%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census21-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census21_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/17286366/MON_PLI_DHM_OIKISN_2021.xlsx">"Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό"</a> [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+-+%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD+2021%2C+%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC+%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C&rft.pub=Hellenic+Statistical+Authority&rft.date=2024-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fdocuments%2F20181%2F17286366%2FMON_PLI_DHM_OIKISN_2021.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sakellariou M. V. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ">Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930115414/https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> 30 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Ekdotikē Athēnōn, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-213-371-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-960-213-371-2">978-960-213-371-2</a> p. 268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fleming-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleming Katherine Elizabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NX93wUlfYpEC"><i>The Muslim Bonaparte: diplomacy and orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece</i></a>. Princeton University Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00194-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00194-4">978-0-691-00194-4</a>. p. 63-66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greece2001.gr/docs/67-132.pdf"><i>The Era of Enlightenment (late 7th century – 1821)</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526142245/http://www.greece2001.gr/docs/67-132.pdf">Archived</a> 26 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Εθνικό Kέντρο Bιβλίου, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών, Αποκέντρωσης και Ηλεκρονικής Διακυβέρνησης <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epirus.gov.gr/portal/index.php/epirus/genika-stoixeia/the-epirus.html">Περιφέρεια Ηπείρου</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100629224713/http://www.epirus.gov.gr/portal/index.php/epirus/genika-stoixeia/the-epirus.html">Archived</a> 29 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "Στη δεκαετία του 1790 ο νεοελληνικός διαφωτισμός έφθασε στο κορύφωμά του. ΦορέαA_1του πνεύματος στα Ιωάννινα είναι ο Αθανάσιος ΨαλίδαA_."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsswald2008" class="citation book cs1">Osswald, Brendan (2008). "From Lieux de Pouvoir to Lieux de Mémoire: The Monuments of the Medieval Castle of Ioannina through the Centuries". In Hálfdanarson, Gudmundur (ed.). <i>Discrimination and tolerance in historical perspective</i>. 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(2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/40403354">"Το όνομα των Ιωαννίνων"</a> [The name of the Ioannina]. <i>Volume of Proceedings of the 3rd Panepirot Conference</i> (in Greek). Janina: Society for Continental Studies and Foundation for Ionian and Adriatic Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930115414/https://www.academia.edu/40403354">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Volume+of+Proceedings+of+the+3rd+Panepirot+Conference&rft.atitle=%CE%A4%CE%BF+%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Charisis&rft.aufirst=Ch.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F40403354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/38500723">"Πώς και από ποιον προήλθε το όνομα των Ιωαννίνων"</a> [How and from whom came the name of Ioannina]. <i>Ελευθερία</i> (in Greek). January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511203219/https://www.academia.edu/38500723">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1&rft.atitle=%CE%A0%CF%8E%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C+%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD+%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%BB%CE%B8%CE%B5+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F38500723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalanidouTzedakisLawsonFrogley2000" class="citation journal cs1">Galanidou, N.; Tzedakis, P. C.; Lawson, I. T.; Frogley, M. R. 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"The Ethnic Composition of Medieval Epirus". In Ellis, Steven; Klusáková, Lud'a (eds.). <i>Imagining Frontiers: Contesting Identities</i>. Pisa: Edizioni Plus – Pisa University Press. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ethnic+Composition+of+Medieval+Epirus&rft.btitle=Imagining+Frontiers%3A+Contesting+Identities&rft.place=Pisa&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Edizioni+Plus+%E2%80%93+Pisa+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Osswald&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Nicol" title="Donald Nicol">Nicol, Donald MacGillivray</a> (1976). 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Athens. pp. 20–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Refugees%2C+Mixed+Population+and+Local+Patriotism+in+Epiros+and+Western+Macedonia+after+the+Fourth+Crusade&rft.btitle=XVe+Congr%C3%A8s+international+d%27%C3%A9tudes+byzantines+%28Ath%C3%A8nes%2C+1976%29%2C+Rapports+et+corapports+I&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=20-21&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Donald+MacGillivray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994163-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994163_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994235-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994235_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol198438–42-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol198438–42_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicol1984">Nicol 1984</a>, pp. 38–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol198483–89-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol198483–89_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicol1984">Nicol 1984</a>, pp. 83–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981167-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder1981167_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoustalKoder1981">Soustal & Koder 1981</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198170,_166-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198170,_166_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoustalKoder1981">Soustal & Koder 1981</a>, pp. 70, 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1984123–138-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1984123–138_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicol1984">Nicol 1984</a>, pp. 123–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198170–71,_166-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198170–71,_166_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoustalKoder1981">Soustal & Koder 1981</a>, pp. 70–71, 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1984139–143-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1984139–143_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicol1984">Nicol 1984</a>, pp. 139–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198171,_166-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198171,_166_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoustalKoder1981">Soustal & Koder 1981</a>, pp. 71, 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1984143–146-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1984143–146_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicol1984">Nicol 1984</a>, pp. 143–146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198172–73,_166-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198172–73,_166_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoustalKoder1981">Soustal & Koder 1981</a>, pp. 72–73, 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osswald-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Osswald_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsswald2007" class="citation book cs1">Osswald, Brendan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://univ-tlse2.hal.science/hal-02083128/document#:~:text=Medieval%20Epirus%20was%20the%20melting,is%20that%20from%201200%20onwards."><i>The Ethnic Composition of Medieval Epirus. S.G.Ellis; L.Klusakova. Imagining frontiers, contesting identities</i></a>. Pisa University Press. pp. 133–136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8492-466-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8492-466-7"><bdi>978-88-8492-466-7</bdi></a>. <q>Carlo Tocco, once he obtained the submission of Albanian clans, had no reason to expel them. His army, from the beginning of his conquests, was composed mainly of Albanians. So was the army of Ioannina before he ruled the city.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ethnic+Composition+of+Medieval+Epirus.+S.G.Ellis%3B+L.Klusakova.+Imagining+frontiers%2C+contesting+identities&rft.pages=133-136&rft.pub=Pisa+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-88-8492-466-7&rft.aulast=Osswald&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funiv-tlse2.hal.science%2Fhal-02083128%2Fdocument%23%3A~%3Atext%3DMedieval%2520Epirus%2520was%2520the%2520melting%2Cis%2520that%2520from%25201200%2520onwards.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198175,_166-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoustalKoder198175,_166_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoustalKoder1981">Soustal & Koder 1981</a>, p. 75, 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Γεώργιος Ι. Σουλιώτης <i>Γιάννινα (Οδηγός Δημοτικού Μουσείου και Πόλεως</i> 1975</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Π. Αραβαντινού, <i>Βιογραφική Συλλογή Λογίων της Τουρκοκρατίας</i>, Εκδόσεις Ε.Η.Μ., 1960.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997261-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997261_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997268-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997268_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997268_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce2004" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Merry (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-lr20SuvfIC"><i>Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30813-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30813-0"><bdi>978-0-313-30813-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930115414/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-lr20SuvfIC">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2019</span>. <q>...were destroyed in this vast act of arson by Ali</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+modern+Greek+literature&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30813-0&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Merry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ-lr20SuvfIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Mpettis, <i>Enlightenment. Contribution and study of the Epirote enlightment.</i> Epirotiki Estia, 1967, pg. 497–499.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.gr/search?hl=el&tbo=1&tbs=bks%3A1&q=%22He+intrigued+with+Napoleon%2C+who+wanted+a+foothold+on+the+Adriatic%2C+and+the+atrocities+which+Ali+Pasha+committed+against+the+Greeks+of+Ioannina%E2%80%94+finally+sewing+up+Greek+women+in+sacks+and+drowning+them+in+the+Lake+of+Ioannina%E2%80%94+were+among+the+factors+which+led+to+the+Greek+War+of+Independence.%22&btnG=%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai="><i>Collected Studies: Alexander and his successors in Macedonia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029032845/https://www.google.gr/search?hl=el&tbo=1&tbs=bks%3A1&q=%22He+intrigued+with+Napoleon%2C+who+wanted+a+foothold+on+the+Adriatic%2C+and+the+atrocities+which+Ali+Pasha+committed+against+the+Greeks+of+Ioannina%E2%80%94+finally+sewing+up+Greek+women+in+sacks+and+drowning+them+in+the+Lake+of+Ioannina%E2%80%94+were+among+the+factors+which+led+to+the+Greek+War+of+Independence.%22&btnG=%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=">Archived</a> 29 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. A. M. Hakkert, 1993, p. 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/25188/1/%ce%a8%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b4%ce%b1%cf%82%20%ce%91.pdf">"Ιστορία της πολιορκίας των Ιωαννίνων 1820-1822"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221028121317/https://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/25188/1/%CE%A8%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82%20%CE%91.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD+1820-1822&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympias.lib.uoi.gr%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F25188%2F1%2F%25ce%25a8%25ce%25b1%25ce%25bb%25ce%25af%25ce%25b4%25ce%25b1%25cf%2582%2520%25ce%2591.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Κώστας Βλάχος Η., "Ζωσιμαία Σχολή Ιωαννίνων" from the archives of the Zosimaia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Somel2001-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Somel2001_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomel2001" class="citation book cs1">Somel, Selçuk Akşin (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0JqPscM-kcYC&pg=PA209"><i>The modernization of public education in the Ottoman Empire, 1839–1908: Islamization, autocracy, and discipline</i></a>. BRILL. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11903-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11903-1"><bdi>978-90-04-11903-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+modernization+of+public+education+in+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1839%E2%80%931908%3A+Islamization%2C+autocracy%2C+and+discipline&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11903-1&rft.aulast=Somel&rft.aufirst=Sel%C3%A7uk+Ak%C5%9Fin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0JqPscM-kcYC%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi1967-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi1967_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkendi1967" class="citation book cs1">Skendi, Stavro (1967). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/albaniannational00sken"><i>The Albanian national awakening, 1878–1912</i></a></span>. Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/albaniannational00sken/page/41">41</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Albanian+national+awakening%2C+1878%E2%80%931912&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Skendi&rft.aufirst=Stavro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falbaniannational00sken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trencsenyi-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trencsenyi_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrencsényiKopeček2006" class="citation book cs1">Trencsényi, Balázs; Kopeček, Michal (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Vsjg508EYC&pg=PA348"><i>Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries</i></a>. Late Enlightenment – Emergence of the Modern National Idea. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Central European University Press">Central European University Press</a>. p. 348. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3"><bdi>978-963-7326-52-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930115415/https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Vsjg508EYC&pg=PA348#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourses+of+collective+identity+in+Central+and+Southeast+Europe+%281770%E2%80%931945%29%3A+texts+and+commentaries&rft.series=Late+Enlightenment+%E2%80%93+Emergence+of+the+Modern+National+Idea&rft.pages=348&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-963-7326-52-3&rft.aulast=Trencs%C3%A9nyi&rft.aufirst=Bal%C3%A1zs&rft.au=Kope%C4%8Dek%2C+Michal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5Vsjg508EYC%26pg%3DPA348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkoulidas2001" class="citation thesis cs1">Skoulidas, Ilias (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.didaktorika.gr/eadd/handle/10442/12856?locale=en"><i>The Relations Between the Greeks and the Albanians During the 19th Century: Political Aspirations and Visions (1875-1897)</i></a>. <i>Didaktorika.gr</i> (Doctoral Dissertation). Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων. Σχολή Φιλοσοφική. Τμήμα Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας. Τομέας Ιστορίας Νεώτερων χρόνων. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12681%2Feadd%2F12856">10.12681/eadd/12856</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10442%2Fhedi%2F12856">10442/hedi/12856</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215091004/https://www.didaktorika.gr/eadd/handle/10442/12856?locale=en">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>. <q>δεν μπορούμε να μιλάμε για οργανωμένη Επιτροπή, αλλά, ενδεχομένως, για Τόσκηδες, προσηλωμένους στην αλβανική εθνική ιδέα, που είχαν παρόμοιες σκέψεις και ιδέες για το μέλλον των Αλβανών και όχι μια συγκεκριμένη πολιτική οργάνωση' δεν μπορεί να θεωρηθεί τυχαίο ότι η Επιτροπή δεν εξέδωσε κανένα έγγραφο ή σφραγίδα ή πολιτική απόφαση.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Relations+Between+the+Greeks+and+the+Albanians+During+the+19th+Century%3A+Political+Aspirations+and+Visions+%281875-1897%29&rft.inst=%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD.+%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE+%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE.+%CE%A4%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82.+%CE%A4%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD+%CF%87%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10442%2Fhedi%2F12856&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12681%2Feadd%2F12856&rft.aulast=Skoulidas&rft.aufirst=Ilias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.didaktorika.gr%2Feadd%2Fhandle%2F10442%2F12856%3Flocale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997293-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997293_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartl1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bartl, Peter (1995). <i>Shqiptarët</i> [<i>Albanians</i>] (in Albanian) (2nd ed.). Tiranë: Botimer IDK (published 2017). p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99943-982-87" title="Special:BookSources/978-99943-982-87"><bdi>978-99943-982-87</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shqiptar%C3%ABt&rft.place=Tiran%C3%AB&rft.pages=124&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Botimer+IDK&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-99943-982-87&rft.aulast=Bartl&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-balkaniques-cahiers-pierre-belon-2009-1-page-17.html#re28no28">"Kotzageorgis Phokion P, "Pour une définition de la culture ottomane : le cas des Tourkoyanniotes", Études Balkaniques-Cahiers Pierre Belon, 2009/1 (n° 16), p. 17-32"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211095857/https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-balkaniques-cahiers-pierre-belon-2009-1-page-17.html#re28no28">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kotzageorgis+Phokion+P%2C+%22Pour+une+d%C3%A9finition+de+la+culture+ottomane+%3A+le+cas+des+Tourkoyanniotes%22%2C+%C3%89tudes+Balkaniques-Cahiers+Pierre+Belon%2C+2009%2F1+%28n%C2%B0+16%29%2C+p.+17-32.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-etudes-balkaniques-cahiers-pierre-belon-2009-1-page-17.html%23re28no28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNedialkov2004" class="citation book cs1">Nedialkov, Dimitar (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?ei=ZSl6TNvYPITHswbdsc2yDQr"><i>The genesis of air power</i></a>. Pensoft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-954-642-211-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-954-642-211-8"><bdi>978-954-642-211-8</bdi></a>. <q>Greek aviation saw action in Epirus until the capture of Jannina on 21 February 1913. On that day, Lt Adamidis landed his Maurice Farman on the Town Hall square, to the adulation of an enthusiastic crowd.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+genesis+of+air+power&rft.pub=Pensoft&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-954-642-211-8&rft.aulast=Nedialkov&rft.aufirst=Dimitar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fei%3DZSl6TNvYPITHswbdsc2yDQr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foss1978-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Foss1978_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoss1978" class="citation book cs1">Foss, Arthur (1978). <i>Epirus</i>. Faber.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epirus&rft.pub=Faber&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Foss&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span> p. 56. "The population exchange between Greece and Turkey which followed removed all those of Turkish origin so that, by 1940, only some twenty Muslim families of Albanian origin were left. In 1973, only eight Muslim remained, living together in an ancient house in the centre of Ioannina. The local authorities, we are told, had refused to allow them to use one of the remaining mosques for worship, their estates remain sequestered and a long battle for what they regard as their rights has so far come to nothing. Although Albanian, they could hope for no sympathy from the present regime in Albania and there was nowhere else for them to go."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997391-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997391_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997400-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997400_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997418-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997418_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 418.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EllisKlusáková2007-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EllisKlusáková2007_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllisKlusáková2007" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, Steven G.; Klusáková, Lud'a (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3zXFCs9EfEYC&pg=PA148"><i>Imagining frontiers, contesting identities</i></a>. Edizioni Plus. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8492-466-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8492-466-7"><bdi>978-88-8492-466-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagining+frontiers%2C+contesting+identities&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Edizioni+Plus&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-88-8492-466-7&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Steven+G.&rft.au=Klus%C3%A1kov%C3%A1%2C+Lud%27a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3zXFCs9EfEYC%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiz_ElsbyKathryn_Berman" class="citation web cs1">Liz Elsby; Kathryn Berman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yadvashem.org/articles/interviews/batis.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'For That, It Deserves a Prize' – The Story of a Two-Thousand Year Old Jewish Community in Ioannina, Greece: An Interview with Survivor Artemis Batis Miron"</a>. The International School for Holocaust Studies, Yad Vashem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924014642/https://www.yadvashem.org/articles/interviews/batis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27For+That%2C+It+Deserves+a+Prize%27+%E2%80%93+The+Story+of+a+Two-Thousand+Year+Old+Jewish+Community+in+Ioannina%2C+Greece%3A+An+Interview+with+Survivor+Artemis+Batis+Miron&rft.pub=The+International+School+for+Holocaust+Studies%2C+Yad+Vashem&rft.au=Liz+Elsby&rft.au=Kathryn+Berman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yadvashem.org%2Farticles%2Finterviews%2Fbatis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rae_Dalven" title="Rae Dalven">Rae Dalven</a>, <i>The Jews of Ioannina</i>, Cadmus Press, Philadelphia, 1990; p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kehila-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kehila_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kkjsm.org/holocaust/holocaust_intro.html">"The Holocaust in Ioannina"</a>, Kehila Kedosha Janina Synagogue and Museum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208014325/http://www.kkjsm.org/holocaust/holocaust_intro.html">Archived</a> 8 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 5 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raptis-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raptis_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kkjsm.org/archives/Deportation%20of%20Jews%20of%20Ioannina.pdf">Raptis, Alekos and Tzallas, Thumios, <i>Deportation of Jews of Ioannina</i>, Kehila Kedosha Janina Synagogue and Museum, 28 July 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226113359/http://www.kkjsm.org/archives/Deportation%20of%20Jews%20of%20Ioannina.pdf">Archived</a> 26 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> URL accessed 5 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108160234/http://www.edwardvictor.com/Ioannina.htm">"Ioannina, Greece"</a>. Edwardvictor.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardvictor.com/Ioannina.htm">the original</a> on 8 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ioannina%2C+Greece&rft.pub=Edwardvictor.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edwardvictor.com%2FIoannina.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106041002/http://archive.adl.org/nr/exeres/2944be7a-d455-4fbc-a9bb-863a11e9e7e3,0b1623ca-d5a4-465d-a369-df6e8679cd9e,frameless.html">"Greek Government Must Denounce Anti-Semitic Attack on Holocaust Memorial"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.adl.org/nr/exeres/2944be7a-d455-4fbc-a9bb-863a11e9e7e3,0b1623ca-d5a4-465d-a369-df6e8679cd9e,frameless.html">the original</a> on 6 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+Government+Must+Denounce+Anti-Semitic+Attack+on+Holocaust+Memorial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.adl.org%2Fnr%2Fexeres%2F2944be7a-d455-4fbc-a9bb-863a11e9e7e3%2C0b1623ca-d5a4-465d-a369-df6e8679cd9e%2Cframeless.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kis.gr/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=415:desecration-of-the-jewish-cemetery-of-ioannina&catid=12:2009&Itemid=41">"DESECRATION OF THE JEWISH CEMETERY OF IOANNINA"</a>. <i>Kis.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822012429/https://kis.gr/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=415:desecration-of-the-jewish-cemetery-of-ioannina&catid=12:2009&Itemid=41">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kis.gr&rft.atitle=DESECRATION+OF+THE+JEWISH+CEMETERY+OF+IOANNINA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkis.gr%2Fen%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D415%3Adesecration-of-the-jewish-cemetery-of-ioannina%26catid%3D12%3A2009%26Itemid%3D41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2009/12/13/global/ioannina-greeks-to-rally-against-cemetery-vandalism">"Ioannina Greeks to rally against cemetery vandalism"</a>. 13 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031353/https://www.jta.org/2009/12/13/global/ioannina-greeks-to-rally-against-cemetery-vandalism">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ioannina+Greeks+to+rally+against+cemetery+vandalism&rft.date=2009-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2009%2F12%2F13%2Fglobal%2Fioannina-greeks-to-rally-against-cemetery-vandalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zougla.gr/greece/article/pios-ine-o-moisis-elisaf-o-protos-evreos-dimarxos-stin-elada">"Ένας Ρωμανιώτης κέρδισε στα Γιάννενα"</a>. 3 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604175813/https://www.zougla.gr/greece/article/pios-ine-o-moisis-elisaf-o-protos-evreos-dimarxos-stin-elada">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%88%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B5+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zougla.gr%2Fgreece%2Farticle%2Fpios-ine-o-moisis-elisaf-o-protos-evreos-dimarxos-stin-elada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/45e8f5bbc8c54a66a607eb51ecd629fd">"Doctor thought to be 1st Jewish person voted mayor in Greece"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. 3 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200404013710/https://apnews.com/45e8f5bbc8c54a66a607eb51ecd629fd">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Doctor+thought+to+be+1st+Jewish+person+voted+mayor+in+Greece&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F45e8f5bbc8c54a66a607eb51ecd629fd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalherald.com/247362/greek-jewish-communities-congratulate-countrys-first-jewish-mayor-moses-elisaf/">"Greek Jewish Communities Congratulate Country's First Jewish mayor, Moses Elisaf"</a>. 3 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608023926/https://www.thenationalherald.com/247362/greek-jewish-communities-congratulate-countrys-first-jewish-mayor-moses-elisaf/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+Jewish+Communities+Congratulate+Country%27s+First+Jewish+mayor%2C+Moses+Elisaf&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalherald.com%2F247362%2Fgreek-jewish-communities-congratulate-countrys-first-jewish-mayor-moses-elisaf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stat01-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stat01_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf">"Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+%26+housing+census+2001+%28incl.+area+and+average+elevation%29&rft.pub=National+Statistical+Service+of+Greece&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdlib.statistics.gr%2FBook%2FGRESYE_02_0101_00098%2520.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kallikratis-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kallikratis_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.">"ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities"</a> (in Greek). <a href="/wiki/Government_Gazette_(Greece)" title="Government Gazette (Greece)">Government Gazette</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010162605/http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A+B+1292%2F2010%2C+Kallikratis+reform+municipalities&rft.pub=Government+Gazette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.et.gr%2Fidocs-nph%2Fsearch%2FpdfViewerForm.html%3Fargs%3D5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302021617/http://www.hnms.gr/hnms/greek/climatology/climatology_region_diagrams_html?dr_city=Ioannina">"Greek National Weather Service"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hnms.gr/hnms/greek/climatology/climatology_region_diagrams_html?dr_city=Ioannina">the original</a> on 2 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+National+Weather+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hnms.gr%2Fhnms%2Fgreek%2Fclimatology%2Fclimatology_region_diagrams_html%3Fdr_city%3DIoannina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302021617/http://www.hnms.gr/hnms/greek/climatology/climatology_region_diagrams_html?dr_city=Ioannina">"EMY-Εθνική Μετεωρολογική Υπηρεσία"</a>. Hnms.gr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hnms.gr/hnms/greek/climatology/climatology_region_diagrams_html?dr_city=Ioannina">the original</a> on 2 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EMY-%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1&rft.pub=Hnms.gr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hnms.gr%2Fhnms%2Fgreek%2Fclimatology%2Fclimatology_region_diagrams_html%3Fdr_city%3DIoannina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2021-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr/census_results_2022_en.pdf">"Census Results 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hellenic Statistical Authority. p. 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327100346/https://elstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr/census_results_2022_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Results+2022&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Hellenic+Statistical+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr%2Fcensus_results_2022_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eetaa.gr/eetaa/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1913.pdf">"Population census 1913"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128175003/https://www.eetaa.gr/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1913.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+census+1913&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetaa.gr%2Feetaa%2Fmetaboles%2Fapografes%2Fapografi_1913.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eetaa.gr/eetaa/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1920.pdf">"Population census 1920"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024205133/https://www.eetaa.gr/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1920.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+census+1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetaa.gr%2Feetaa%2Fmetaboles%2Fapografes%2Fapografi_1920.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eetaa.gr/eetaa/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1928_2.pdf">"Population census 1928"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024212329/https://www.eetaa.gr/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1928_2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+census+1928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetaa.gr%2Feetaa%2Fmetaboles%2Fapografes%2Fapografi_1928_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eetaa.gr/eetaa/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1940_1.pdf">"Population census 1940"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813104746/https://www.eetaa.gr/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1940_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+census+1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetaa.gr%2Feetaa%2Fmetaboles%2Fapografes%2Fapografi_1940_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eetaa.gr/eetaa/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1951_1.pdf">"Population census 1951"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514080510/http://www.eetaa.gr/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1951_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+census+1951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetaa.gr%2Feetaa%2Fmetaboles%2Fapografes%2Fapografi_1951_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eetaa.gr/eetaa/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1961_1.pdf">"Population census 1961"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024205755/https://www.eetaa.gr/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1961_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+census+1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetaa.gr%2Feetaa%2Fmetaboles%2Fapografes%2Fapografi_1961_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eetaa.gr/eetaa/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1971_1.pdf">"Population census 1971"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009150411/https://www.eetaa.gr/metaboles/apografes/apografi_1971_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+census+1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetaa.gr%2Feetaa%2Fmetaboles%2Fapografes%2Fapografi_1971_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Greek and French)</span> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00062.pdf">Population – housing census results of April 5, 1981</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180108123408/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00062.pdf">Archived</a> 8 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", p. 299 (p. 299 of pdf), from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/showdetails?p_id=10095590&p_derive=book&p_topic=10007862">Hellenic Statistical Authority</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706161835/http://dlib.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/showdetails?p_id=10095590&p_derive=book&p_topic=10007862">Archived</a> 6 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180108123408/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00062.pdf">Archived</a> 8 January 2018. Retrieved 2018-01-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00086.pdf">De facto population of Greece in the census of March 17, 1991</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183824/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00086.pdf">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", p. 108 (p. 110 of pdf), from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/showdetails?p_id=10095614&p_derive=book&p_topic=10007862">Hellenic Statistical Authority</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706161802/http://dlib.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/showdetails?p_id=10095614&p_derive=book&p_topic=10007862">Archived</a> 6 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070345/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00086.pdf">Archived</a> 20 August 2017. Retrieved 2018-01-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf">Census of permanent population, March 18, 2001</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf">Archived</a> 21 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", p. 170 (p. 172 of pdf), from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/showdetails?p_id=13321502&p_derive=book&p_topic=10007862">Hellenic Statistical Authority</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706161738/http://dlib.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/showdetails?p_id=13321502&p_derive=book&p_topic=10007862">Archived</a> 6 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729181253/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf">Archived</a> 29 July 2017. Retrieved 2018-01-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museumalipasha.gr/en">"Μουσείο Αλή Πασά και επαναστατικής περιόδου"</a>. <i>Museumalipasha.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207015314/http://museumalipasha.gr/en">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museumalipasha.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AE+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AC+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseumalipasha.gr%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/gh352.jsp?obj_id=7642">"Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού | Κάστρο Ιωαννίνων"</a>. <i>Odysseus.culture.gr</i>. Ministry of Culture and Sport. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516083940/http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/gh352.jsp?obj_id=7642">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Odysseus.culture.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+%7C+%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodysseus.culture.gr%2Fh%2F3%2Fgh352.jsp%3Fobj_id%3D7642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odysseus.culture.gr/index_en.html">"ODYSSEAS – Ministry of Culture and Sports"</a>. <i>Odysseus.culture.gr</i>. Ministry of Culture and Sports. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203022040/http://odysseus.culture.gr/index_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Odysseus.culture.gr&rft.atitle=ODYSSEAS+%E2%80%93+Ministry+of+Culture+and+Sports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodysseus.culture.gr%2Findex_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/gh352.jsp?obj_id=7642">"Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού | Κάστρο Ιωαννίνων"</a>. <i>Odysseus.culture.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516083940/http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/gh352.jsp?obj_id=7642">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Odysseus.culture.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+%7C+%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodysseus.culture.gr%2Fh%2F3%2Fgh352.jsp%3Fobj_id%3D7642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelioannina.com/node/49">"Jewish Synagogue | Travel Ioannina"</a>. <i>Travelioannina.com</i>. Tourism Department of Ioannina municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207012505/http://www.travelioannina.com/node/49">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelioannina.com&rft.atitle=Jewish+Synagogue+%7C+Travel+Ioannina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelioannina.com%2Fnode%2F49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelioannina.com/node/67">"Mosque and Madrassa of Veli Pasha"</a>. <i>Travelioannina.com/</i>. Tourism Department of Ioannina municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206010020/http://www.travelioannina.com/node/67">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelioannina.com%2F&rft.atitle=Mosque+and+Madrassa+of+Veli+Pasha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelioannina.com%2Fnode%2F67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelioannina.com/node/66">"Mosque of Kaloutsiani"</a>. <i>Travelioannina.com</i>. Tourism Department of Ioannina municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206010011/http://www.travelioannina.com/node/66">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelioannina.com&rft.atitle=Mosque+of+Kaloutsiani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelioannina.com%2Fnode%2F66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelioannina.com/node/129">"House of Archbishop (Hussein Bey)"</a>. <i>Travelioannina.com</i>. Tourism Department of Ioannina municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206010010/http://www.travelioannina.com/node/129">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelioannina.com&rft.atitle=House+of+Archbishop+%28Hussein+Bey%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelioannina.com%2Fnode%2F129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelioannina.com/node/136">"The Clock Tower | Travel Ioannina"</a>. <i>Travelioannina.com</i>. Tourism Department of Ioannina municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005838/http://www.travelioannina.com/node/136">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelioannina.com&rft.atitle=The+Clock+Tower+%7C+Travel+Ioannina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelioannina.com%2Fnode%2F136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelioannina.com/node/135">"The Building of the VIII Merarchia | Travel Ioannina"</a>. <i>Travelioannina.com</i>. Tourism Department of Ioannina municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206010020/http://www.travelioannina.com/node/135">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelioannina.com&rft.atitle=The+Building+of+the+VIII+Merarchia+%7C+Travel+Ioannina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelioannina.com%2Fnode%2F135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelioannina.com/architecture">"Architecture | Travel Ioannina"</a>. <i>Travelioannina.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206010006/http://www.travelioannina.com/architecture">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelioannina.com&rft.atitle=Architecture+%7C+Travel+Ioannina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelioannina.com%2Farchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelioannina.com/node/23">"Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina | Travel Ioannina"</a>. <i>Travelioannina.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122407/http://www.travelioannina.com/node/23">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelioannina.com&rft.atitle=Municipal+Ethnographic+Museum+of+Ioannina+%7C+Travel+Ioannina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelioannina.com%2Fnode%2F23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/1/gh151.jsp?obj_id=16601">"Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού | Βυζαντινό Μουσείο Ιωαννίνων"</a>. <i>Odysseus.culture.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109125755/http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/1/gh151.jsp?obj_id=16601">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Odysseus.culture.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+%7C+%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C+%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodysseus.culture.gr%2Fh%2F1%2Fgh151.jsp%3Fobj_id%3D16601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.piop.gr/en/diktuo-mouseiwn/Mouseio-Argyrotexnias/to-mouseio.aspx">"The Silversmithing Museum"</a>. <i>Piop.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122416/http://www.piop.gr/en/diktuo-mouseiwn/Mouseio-Argyrotexnias/to-mouseio.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Piop.gr&rft.atitle=The+Silversmithing+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.piop.gr%2Fen%2Fdiktuo-mouseiwn%2FMouseio-Argyrotexnias%2Fto-mouseio.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amio.gr/index.php">"Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ιωαννίνων"</a>. <i>Amio.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122328/http://www.amio.gr/index.php">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amio.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amio.gr%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelioannina.com/node/33">"Municipal Artworks Gallery of Ioannina | Travel Ioannina"</a>. <i>Travelioannina.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208070854/http://www.travelioannina.com/node/33">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travelioannina.com&rft.atitle=Municipal+Artworks+Gallery+of+Ioannina+%7C+Travel+Ioannina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelioannina.com%2Fnode%2F33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosmas" class="citation web cs1">Kosmas, Georgios. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vrellis.gr/ep/index.html">"ΜΟΥΣΕΙΟ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ – ΚΕΡΙΝΑ ΟΜΟΙΩΜΑΤΑ – ΠΑΥΛΟΣ ΒΡΕΛΛΗΣ"</a>. <i>Vrellis.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222191339/http://www.vrellis.gr/ep/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vrellis.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A3%CE%95%CE%99%CE%9F+%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%9B%CE%97%CE%9D%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%97%CE%A3+%CE%99%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%91%CE%A3+%E2%80%93+%CE%9A%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9D%CE%91+%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%9C%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%91+%E2%80%93+%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%A5%CE%9B%CE%9F%CE%A3+%CE%92%CE%A1%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%9B%CE%97%CE%A3&rft.aulast=Kosmas&rft.aufirst=Georgios&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vrellis.gr%2Fep%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onassis.org/whats-on/plasmata-ii-ioannina-exhibition">"Plásmata II: Ioannina"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230628223227/https://www.onassis.org/whats-on/plasmata-ii-ioannina-exhibition/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pl%C3%A1smata+II%3A+Ioannina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onassis.org%2Fwhats-on%2Fplasmata-ii-ioannina-exhibition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onassis.org/news/100000-thank-you-to-ioannina-plasmata_ioannina">"100.000+ Thank you to Ioannina"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230716012153/https://www.onassis.org/news/100000-thank-you-to-ioannina-plasmata_ioannina">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=100.000%2B+Thank+you+to+Ioannina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onassis.org%2Fnews%2F100000-thank-you-to-ioannina-plasmata_ioannina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epiruspost.gr/monimi-schesi-me-ta-ioannina-schediazei/">"Μόνιμη σχέση με τα Ιωάννινα, σχεδιάζει το Ίδρυμα Ωνάση"</a>. 16 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715200606/https://www.epiruspost.gr/monimi-schesi-me-ta-ioannina-schediazei/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B7+%CF%83%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B7+%CE%BC%CE%B5+%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%2C+%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%B9+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%8A%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CE%A9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B7&rft.date=2023-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epiruspost.gr%2Fmonimi-schesi-me-ta-ioannina-schediazei%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings_-_University_of_Ioannina-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings_-_University_of_Ioannina_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Top 500 (401 to 500) – The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011–2016 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-ioannina?ranking-dataset=133819">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006233716/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-ioannina?ranking-dataset=133819">Archived</a> 6 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWTS_Leiden_Ranking_-_University_of_Ioannina-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CWTS_Leiden_Ranking_-_University_of_Ioannina_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2015/university?universityId=365&fieldId=1&periodId=5&fractionalCounting=1&performanceDimension=0&sizeIndependent=True&rankingIndicator=pp_top10&minNPubs=100">"CWTS Leiden Ranking 2013 – University of Ioannina"</a>. Centre for Science and Technology Studies of Leiden University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216160443/http://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2015/university?universityId=365&fieldId=1&periodId=5&fractionalCounting=1&performanceDimension=0&sizeIndependent=True&rankingIndicator=pp_top10&minNPubs=100">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Webometrics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230730145548/https://www.webometrics.info/en/Europe/Greece">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ranking+Web+of+Universities&rft.pub=Webometrics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webometrics.info%2Fen%2FEurope%2FGreece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scientometrics-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scientometrics_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazaridis2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lazaridis, Themis (2010). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/ffdc6cbe-5502-4a7e-93d6-3f95aebf30df">the original</a> on 22 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.statistics.gr&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fdocuments%2F20181%2Fffdc6cbe-5502-4a7e-93d6-3f95aebf30df&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-General_Information_–_University_of_Ioannina_history-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-General_Information_–_University_of_Ioannina_history_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204035340/http://www.uoi.gr/en/foundation.php">"University of Ioannina – History"</a>. University of Ioannina. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uoi.gr/en/foundation.php">the original</a> on 4 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Ioannina+%E2%80%93+History&rft.pub=University+of+Ioannina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uoi.gr%2Fen%2Ffoundation.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viewsofgreece.gr/travel/?p=2206">"Views of Greece"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123207/http://viewsofgreece.gr/travel/?p=2206">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Views+of+Greece&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fviewsofgreece.gr%2Ftravel%2F%3Fp%3D2206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAverbuckHallHardyIatrou2023" class="citation book cs1">Averbuck, Alexis; Hall, Rebecca; Hardy, Paula; Iatrou, Helen; Koronakis, Vangelis; Maric, Vesna; McNaughtan, Hugh; Ragozin, Leonid; Richmond, Simon (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZHeEAAAQBAJ&dq=ioannina+grilled+eel&pg=PT403"><i>Lonely Planet Greece</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83758-185-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83758-185-6"><bdi>978-1-83758-185-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lonely+Planet+Greece&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-83758-185-6&rft.aulast=Averbuck&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft.au=Hall%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Hardy%2C+Paula&rft.au=Iatrou%2C+Helen&rft.au=Koronakis%2C+Vangelis&rft.au=Maric%2C+Vesna&rft.au=McNaughtan%2C+Hugh&rft.au=Ragozin%2C+Leonid&rft.au=Richmond%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLZHeEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dioannina%2Bgrilled%2Beel%26pg%3DPT403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekathimerini.com/economy/1212832/ioannina-is-evolving-into-a-science-and-technology-hub/">"Ioannina is evolving into a science and technology hub"</a>. <i>eKathimerini</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230611113244/https://www.ekathimerini.com/economy/1212832/ioannina-is-evolving-into-a-science-and-technology-hub/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eKathimerini&rft.atitle=Ioannina+is+evolving+into+a+science+and+technology+hub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekathimerini.com%2Feconomy%2F1212832%2Fioannina-is-evolving-into-a-science-and-technology-hub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.protothema.gr/greece-signs-mou-with-the-greek-german-chamber-for-the-recovery-plan/">"Greece signs MoU with the Greek-German Chamber for the recovery plan"</a>. <i>Proto Thema</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920094825/https://en.protothema.gr/greece-signs-mou-with-the-greek-german-chamber-for-the-recovery-plan/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Proto+Thema&rft.atitle=Greece+signs+MoU+with+the+Greek-German+Chamber+for+the+recovery+plan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.protothema.gr%2Fgreece-signs-mou-with-the-greek-german-chamber-for-the-recovery-plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicol1984177-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicol1984177_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicol1984">Nicol 1984</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKourmantzē-Panagiōtakou2007" class="citation book cs1">Kourmantzē-Panagiōtakou, Helenē (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qVs9QLhmMogC"><i>Hē Neoellēnikē anagennēsē sta Giannena : apo ton paroiko emporo ston Ath. Psalida kai ton Iō. Vēlara, 17os-arches 19ou aiona</i></a> (1. ekd. ed.). Athēna: Gutenberg. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789600111330" title="Special:BookSources/9789600111330"><bdi>9789600111330</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930115415/https://books.google.com/books?id=qVs9QLhmMogC">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>. <q>Ένας άλλος Γιαννιώτης, ο Επιφάνειος Ηγούμενος, το 1647 κληροδοτεί ποσά για την ίδρυση δύο " νεωτεριστικών " Σχολών στα Ιωάννινα και την Αθήνα αντίστοιχα .</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H%C4%93+Neoell%C4%93nik%C4%93+anagenn%C4%93s%C4%93+sta+Giannena+%3A+apo+ton+paroiko+emporo+ston+Ath.+Psalida+kai+ton+I%C5%8D.+V%C4%93lara%2C+17os-arches+19ou+aiona&rft.place=Ath%C4%93na&rft.pages=26&rft.edition=1.+ekd.&rft.pub=Gutenberg&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789600111330&rft.aulast=Kourmantz%C4%93-Panagi%C5%8Dtakou&rft.aufirst=Helen%C4%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqVs9QLhmMogC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMavrommatis]2001" class="citation book cs1">Mavrommatis], Konstantinos Sp. Staikos [kai] Triantaphyllos E. Sklavenitis; [translation David Hardy]; [photograph Socrates (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3HvgAAAAMAAJ"><i>The publishing centres of the Greeks : from the Renaissance to the Neohellenic Enlightenment : catalogue of exhibition</i></a>. Athens: National Book Centre of Greece. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789607894304" title="Special:BookSources/9789607894304"><bdi>9789607894304</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930115416/https://books.google.com/books?id=3HvgAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>. <q>The press owned by Nikolaos Glykys developed into the most productive centre of the Greek diaspora, and was also the longest-lived Greek press. Its founder was born in Ioannina in 1619 and moved to Venice in 1647,</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+publishing+centres+of+the+Greeks+%3A+from+the+Renaissance+to+the+Neohellenic+Enlightenment+%3A+catalogue+of+exhibition&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=National+Book+Centre+of+Greece&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9789607894304&rft.aulast=Mavrommatis%5D&rft.aufirst=Konstantinos+Sp.+Staikos+%5Bkai%5D+Triantaphyllos+E.+Sklavenitis%3B+%5Btranslation+David+Hardy%5D%3B+%5Bphotograph+Socrates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3HvgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997261:-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997261:_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 261:.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyrto_Georgopoulou-VerraZoe_Mylona1999" class="citation book cs1">Myrto Georgopoulou-Verra; Zoe Mylona; et al. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7rufAAAAMAAJ"><i>Holy Passion, sacred images : the interaction of Byzantine and western art in icon painting</i></a>. Athens: Archaeological Receipts Fund. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789602142578" title="Special:BookSources/9789602142578"><bdi>9789602142578</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930115416/https://books.google.com/books?id=7rufAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2019</span>. <q>... the third most important Greek press in Venice, owned by Demetrios and Panos Theodosiou from Ioannina. It operated from 1755 till 1824</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+Passion%2C+sacred+images+%3A+the+interaction+of+Byzantine+and+western+art+in+icon+painting&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Archaeological+Receipts+Fund&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789602142578&rft.au=Myrto+Georgopoulou-Verra&rft.au=Zoe+Mylona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7rufAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997260-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997260_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichaēl_Stamatelatos,_Phōteinē_Vamva-Stamatelatou2001" class="citation book cs1">Michaēl Stamatelatos, Phōteinē Vamva-Stamatelatou (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nGJoAAAAMAAJ"><i>Epitomo geōgraphiko lexiko tēs Hellados</i></a>. Hermes. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789603201335" title="Special:BookSources/9789603201335"><bdi>9789603201335</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930115917/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGJoAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epitomo+ge%C5%8Dgraphiko+lexiko+t%C4%93s+Hellados&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Hermes&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9789603201335&rft.au=Micha%C4%93l+Stamatelatos%2C+Ph%C5%8Dtein%C4%93+Vamva-Stamatelatou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnGJoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolioudakis2008" class="citation book cs1">Polioudakis, Georgios (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RqCt6iJImhMC&pg=PA70"><i>Die Übersetzung deutscher Literatur ins Neugriechische vor der Griechischen Revolution von 1821</i></a> (1. Aufl. ed.). Frankfurt am Main: Lang, Peter Frankfurt. pp. 69–70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783631582121" title="Special:BookSources/9783631582121"><bdi>9783631582121</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930115959/https://books.google.com/books?id=RqCt6iJImhMC&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>. <q>Dort wurde Christaris... und starb in 1851</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+%C3%9Cbersetzung+deutscher+Literatur+ins+Neugriechische+vor+der+Griechischen+Revolution+von+1821&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pages=69-70&rft.edition=1.+Aufl.&rft.pub=Lang%2C+Peter+Frankfurt&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9783631582121&rft.aulast=Polioudakis&rft.aufirst=Georgios&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRqCt6iJImhMC%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997305-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997305_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997410-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakellariou1997410_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakellariou1997">Sakellariou 1997</a>, p. 410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zosimaia.gr/%cf%80%ce%ac%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%82-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%84%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%ac%cf%81%cf%87%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%b5%ce%be%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b4%cf%81%ce%b5%ce%af%ce%b1%cf%82-%ce%ba%ce%b1/">"Πάπας και Πατριάρχης Αλεξανδρείας και πάσης γης Αιγύπτου Νικόλαος Ε' (Νικόλαος Ευαγγελίδης)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220113155253/https://zosimaia.gr/%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82-%CE%BA%CE%B1/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%95%27+%28%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzosimaia.gr%2F%25cf%2580%25ce%25ac%25cf%2580%25ce%25b1%25cf%2582-%25ce%25ba%25ce%25b1%25ce%25b9-%25cf%2580%25ce%25b1%25cf%2584%25cf%2581%25ce%25b9%25ce%25ac%25cf%2581%25cf%2587%25ce%25b7%25cf%2582-%25ce%25b1%25ce%25bb%25ce%25b5%25ce%25be%25ce%25b1%25ce%25bd%25ce%25b4%25cf%2581%25ce%25b5%25ce%25af%25ce%25b1%25cf%2582-%25ce%25ba%25ce%25b1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dorsett-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dorsett_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorsett2003" class="citation journal cs1">Dorsett, Richard (22 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105092113/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99118314.html">"Amalia Old Greek Songs in the New Land 1923–1950 (review)"</a>. <i>Sing Out</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99118314.html">the original</a> on 5 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sing+Out&rft.atitle=Amalia+Old+Greek+Songs+in+the+New+Land+1923%E2%80%931950+%28review%29&rft.date=2003-03-22&rft.aulast=Dorsett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-99118314.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekebi.gr/frontoffice/portal.asp?cpage=NODE&cnode=461&t=409"><bdi lang="el">Χατζής Δημήτρης</bdi></a>. <i>EKEBI</i> (in Greek). National Book Centre of Greece. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310142014/http://www.ekebi.gr/frontoffice/portal.asp?cpage=NODE&cnode=461&t=409">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EKEBI&rft.atitle=%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekebi.gr%2Ffrontoffice%2Fportal.asp%3Fcpage%3DNODE%26cnode%3D461%26t%3D409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naftemporiki.gr/story/1701721/pethane-o-sunthetis-takis-mousafiris">"Πέθανε ο συνθέτης Τάκης Μουσαφίρης"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Naftemporiki" title="Naftemporiki">Naftemporiki</a></i> (in Greek). 11 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206204622/https://www.naftemporiki.gr/story/1701721/pethane-o-sunthetis-takis-mousafiris">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naftemporiki&rft.atitle=%CE%A0%CE%AD%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5+%CE%BF+%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%A4%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naftemporiki.gr%2Fstory%2F1701721%2Fpethane-o-sunthetis-takis-mousafiris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pasgiannina.gr/anakoinwseis/ntasios-niarxakos-9-2019/">"ΕΝΑΡΞΗ ΣΥΝΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣ ΜΕ ΓΙΩΡΓΟ ΝΤΑΣΙΟ"</a>. 24 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924144020/https://pasgiannina.gr/anakoinwseis/ntasios-niarxakos-9-2019/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%91%CE%A1%CE%9E%CE%97+%CE%A3%CE%A5%CE%9D%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%93%CE%91%CE%A3%CE%99%CE%91%CE%A3+%CE%9C%CE%95+%CE%93%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%A1%CE%93%CE%9F+%CE%9D%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A3%CE%99%CE%9F&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpasgiannina.gr%2Fanakoinwseis%2Fntasios-niarxakos-9-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadia.gr/panipeirotiko/panipeirotiko.html">"Panepirotan Stadium"</a>. <i>www.stadia.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229043339/http://stadia.gr/panipeirotiko/panipeirotiko.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stadia.gr&rft.atitle=Panepirotan+Stadium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadia.gr%2Fpanipeirotiko%2Fpanipeirotiko.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.ioannina.gr/handle/123456789/10/browse?type=subject&order=ASC&rpp=20&value=%CE%91%CE%94%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%A6%CE%9F%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%97%CE%A3%CE%97+%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A5+%CE%94.%CE%99.+%CE%9C%CE%95+%CE%A4%CE%9F+%CE%94%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%9F+%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%96%CE%91%CE%A1%CE%95%CE%92%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%A3">"Ψηφιακό Αρχείο Πρακτικών Συνεδριάσεων Δημοτικού Συμβουλίου και Δημαρχιακής Επιτροπής Ιωαννίνων"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529200914/https://archives.ioannina.gr/handle/123456789/10/browse?type=subject&order=ASC&rpp=20&value=%CE%91%CE%94%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%A6%CE%9F%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%97%CE%A3%CE%97+%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A5+%CE%94.%CE%99.+%CE%9C%CE%95+%CE%A4%CE%9F+%CE%94%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%9F+%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%96%CE%91%CE%A1%CE%95%CE%92%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%A3">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A8%CE%B7%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.ioannina.gr%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F10%2Fbrowse%3Ftype%3Dsubject%26order%3DASC%26rpp%3D20%26value%3D%25CE%2591%25CE%2594%25CE%2595%25CE%259B%25CE%25A6%25CE%259F%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%2599%25CE%2597%25CE%25A3%25CE%2597%2B%25CE%25A4%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5%2B%25CE%2594.%25CE%2599.%2B%25CE%259C%25CE%2595%2B%25CE%25A4%25CE%259F%2B%25CE%2594%25CE%2597%25CE%259C%25CE%259F%2B%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%2596%25CE%2591%25CE%25A1%25CE%2595%25CE%2592%25CE%2591%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://typos-i.gr/article/iwannina-agia-napa-mia-adelfopoihsh-26-etwn">"Ιωάννινα-Αγία Νάπα: Μια αδελφοποίηση 26 ετών"</a>. 18 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529200138/https://typos-i.gr/article/iwannina-agia-napa-mia-adelfopoihsh-26-etwn">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1-%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CE%9D%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1%3A+%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7+26+%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftypos-i.gr%2Farticle%2Fiwannina-agia-napa-mia-adelfopoihsh-26-etwn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Limassol_twinnings-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Limassol_twinnings_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130401221134/http://www.limassolmunicipal.com.cy/twin.html">"Limassol Twinned Cities"</a>. <i>Limassol (Lemesos) Municipality</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limassolmunicipal.com.cy/twin.html">the original</a> on 1 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Limassol+%28Lemesos%29+Municipality&rft.atitle=Limassol+Twinned+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limassolmunicipal.com.cy%2Ftwin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ioannina.gr/%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1-%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC-%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB-%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%AF-%CE%B4%CE%AE/">"Ακόμα πιο κοντά το Ισραήλ "Αδελφοί Δήμοι" Γιάννινα και Kiryat Ono"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326190019/https://ioannina.gr/%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1-%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC-%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB-%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%AF-%CE%B4%CE%AE/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF+%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%99%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB+%22%CE%91%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%AF+%CE%94%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9%22+%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+Kiryat+Ono&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fioannina.gr%2F%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BA%25CF%258C%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1-%25CF%2580%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF-%25CE%25BA%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%25CE%25AC-%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF-%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CE%25AE%25CE%25BB-%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BB%25CF%2586%25CE%25BF%25CE%25AF-%25CE%25B4%25CE%25AE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://typos-i.gr/article/apo-th-dompolh-kai-th-zwsimaia-ws-th-nizna">"Από τη Δομπόλη και τη Ζωσιμαία ως τη Νίζνα"</a>. 11 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220312083258/https://typos-i.gr/article/apo-th-dompolh-kai-th-zwsimaia-ws-th-nizna">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C+%CF%84%CE%B7+%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%84%CE%B7+%CE%96%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%89%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%B7+%CE%9D%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%BD%CE%B1&rft.date=2022-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftypos-i.gr%2Farticle%2Fapo-th-dompolh-kai-th-zwsimaia-ws-th-nizna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.ioannina.gr/handle/123456789/10/browse?type=subject&order=ASC&rpp=20&value=%CE%91%CE%94%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%A6%CE%9F%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%97%CE%A3%CE%97+%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A5+%CE%94.%CE%99.+%CE%9C%CE%95+%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%9D+%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%9B%CE%97+%CE%9D%CE%99%CE%A3%CE%9D%CE%91+%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3+%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%99%CE%91%CE%A3">"Ψηφιακό Αρχείο Πρακτικών Συνεδριάσεων Δημοτικού Συμβουλίου και Δημαρχιακής Επιτροπής Ιωαννίνων"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529200916/https://archives.ioannina.gr/handle/123456789/10/browse?type=subject&order=ASC&rpp=20&value=%CE%91%CE%94%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%A6%CE%9F%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%97%CE%A3%CE%97+%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A5+%CE%94.%CE%99.+%CE%9C%CE%95+%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%9D+%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%9B%CE%97+%CE%9D%CE%99%CE%A3%CE%9D%CE%91+%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3+%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%99%CE%91%CE%A3">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A8%CE%B7%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.ioannina.gr%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F10%2Fbrowse%3Ftype%3Dsubject%26order%3DASC%26rpp%3D20%26value%3D%25CE%2591%25CE%2594%25CE%2595%25CE%259B%25CE%25A6%25CE%259F%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%2599%25CE%2597%25CE%25A3%25CE%2597%2B%25CE%25A4%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5%2B%25CE%2594.%25CE%2599.%2B%25CE%259C%25CE%2595%2B%25CE%25A4%25CE%2597%25CE%259D%2B%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%259B%25CE%2597%2B%25CE%259D%25CE%2599%25CE%25A3%25CE%259D%25CE%2591%2B%25CE%25A4%25CE%2597%25CE%25A3%2B%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5%25CE%259A%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2599%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://typos-i.gr/article/iwannina-sberte-adelfopoihsh">"Ιωάννινα-Σβέρτε: αδελφοποίηση"</a>. 27 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221028110025/https://typos-i.gr/article/iwannina-sberte-adelfopoihsh">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1-%CE%A3%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B5%3A+%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7&rft.date=2022-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftypos-i.gr%2Farticle%2Fiwannina-sberte-adelfopoihsh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_sources">General sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnastassiadou2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Anastassiadou, Meropi (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Yanya&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Yanya"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Peri_J._Bearman" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri J. Bearman">Bearman, P. J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Bianquis" title="Thierry Bianquis">Bianquis, Th.</a>; <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume XI:<i> W–Z</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 282–283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12756-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12756-2"><bdi>978-90-04-12756-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yanya&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+XI%3A+W%E2%80%93Z&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=282-283&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12756-2&rft.aulast=Anastassiadou&rft.aufirst=Meropi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DYanya%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rae_Dalven" title="Rae Dalven">Dalven, Rae</a> (1990), <i>The Jews of Ioannina</i>, Cadmus Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780930685034" title="Special:BookSources/9780930685034">9780930685034</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1994) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC"><i>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</i></a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4"><bdi>0-472-08260-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-472-08260-4&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gregory, T. E. (1991). "Ioannina". In <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ioannina&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=1006&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=T.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Nicol" title="Donald Nicol">Nicol, Donald M.</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIj0FfKto9AC"><i>The Despotate of Epiros, 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-13089-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-13089-9"><bdi>978-0-521-13089-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Despotate+of+Epiros%2C+1267%E2%80%931479%3A+A+Contribution+to+the+History+of+Greece+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-521-13089-9&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Donald+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXIj0FfKto9AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadopoulou2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Papadopoulou, Varvara N., ed. (2014). <bdi lang="el">Μουσεία στο Κάστρο Ιωαννίνων, Παράλληλες Διαδρομές</bdi> (in Greek). Hellenic Ministry of Culture, <a href="/wiki/Ephorate_of_Byzantine_Antiquities" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities">8th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF+%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%2C+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%82&rft.pub=Hellenic+Ministry+of+Culture%2C+8th+Ephorate+of+Byzantine+Antiquities&rft.date=2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakellariou1997" class="citation book cs1">Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ"><i>Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization</i></a>. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-213-371-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-960-213-371-2"><bdi>978-960-213-371-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epirus%2C+4000+years+of+Greek+history+and+civilization&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Ekdotike+Athenon&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-960-213-371-2&rft.aulast=Sakellariou&rft.aufirst=M.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUV1oAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoustalKoder1981" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Soustal, Peter; Koder, Johannes (1981). <i>Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Band 3: Nikopolis und Kephallēnia</i> (in German). Vienna: <a href="/wiki/Verlag_der_%C3%96sterreichischen_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften" class="mw-redirect" title="Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften">Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-0399-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-0399-8"><bdi>978-3-7001-0399-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tabula+Imperii+Byzantini%2C+Band+3%3A+Nikopolis+und+Kephall%C4%93nia&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=Verlag+der+%C3%96sterreichischen+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-3-7001-0399-8&rft.aulast=Soustal&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Koder%2C+Johannes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIoannina" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ioannina" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ioannina">Ioannina</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official">Official</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Official"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioannina.gr/">Municipality of Ioannina</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travel">Travel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Travel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitgreece.gr/mainland/epirus/ioannina/">Ioannina</a> – The Greek National Tourism Organization</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travelioannina.com/">Ioannina travel guide</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ioannina#Q183199" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Ioannina">Ioannina</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannina&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/valley/ioannina/index.asp">"Here Their Stories Will Be Told..." The Valley of the Communities at Yad Vashem, Ioannina</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a> website</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Iannina" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Iannina">Iannina</a></span>".</div></div> </div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Epirus_Region" title="Template:Epirus Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Epirus_Region" title="Template talk:Epirus Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Epirus_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Epirus Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_division_of_the_Epirus_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greece" title="Administrative divisions of Greece">Administrative division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Area</dt> <dd>9,203 km<sup>2</sup> (3,553 sq mi)</dd> <dt>Population</dt> <dd>336,856 (as of 2011)</dd> <dt>Municipalities</dt> <dd>18 (since <a href="/wiki/Kallikratis_Programme" title="Kallikratis Programme">2011</a>)</dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ioannina</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Arta_(regional_unit)" title="Arta (regional unit)">Arta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arta,_Greece" title="Arta, Greece">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tzoumerka" title="Central Tzoumerka">Central Tzoumerka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis_(municipality)" title="Georgios Karaiskakis (municipality)">Georgios Karaiskakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Skoufas_(municipality)" title="Nikolaos Skoufas (municipality)">Nikolaos Skoufas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Periferia_Ipirou.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Periferia_Ipirou.png/120px-Periferia_Ipirou.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Periferia_Ipirou.png/180px-Periferia_Ipirou.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Periferia_Ipirou.png/240px-Periferia_Ipirou.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_(regional_unit)" title="Ioannina (regional unit)">Ioannina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dodoni" title="Dodoni">Dodoni</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konitsa" title="Konitsa">Konitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metsovo" title="Metsovo">Metsovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tzoumerka" title="North Tzoumerka">North Tzoumerka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogoni" title="Pogoni">Pogoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagori" title="Zagori">Zagori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zitsa" title="Zitsa">Zitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Preveza_(regional_unit)" title="Preveza (regional unit)">Preveza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parga" title="Parga">Parga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preveza" title="Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziros,_Preveza" title="Ziros, Preveza">Ziros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Thesprotia" title="Thesprotia">Thesprotia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filiates" title="Filiates">Filiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igoumenitsa" title="Igoumenitsa">Igoumenitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souli" title="Souli">Souli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Regional governor</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandros_Kachrimanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandros Kachrimanis (page does not exist)">Alexandros Kachrimanis</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Αλέξανδρος Καχριμάνης">el</a>]</span> (since <a href="/wiki/2014_Greek_local_elections" title="2014 Greek local elections">2014</a>)</dd> <dt>Decentralized Administration</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Administration_of_Epirus_and_Western_Macedonia" title="Decentralized Administration of Epirus and Western Macedonia">Epirus and Western Macedonia</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_the_municipality_of_Ioannina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ioannina_div" title="Template:Ioannina div"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ioannina_div" title="Template talk:Ioannina div"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ioannina_div" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ioannina div"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_the_municipality_of_Ioannina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of the municipality of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ioannina</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Anatoli" title="Anatoli">Anatoli</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatoli" title="Anatoli">Anatoli</a></li> <li>Bafra</li> <li>Neokaisareia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Bizani" title="Bizani">Bizani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ampeleia</li> <li>Asvestochori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizani" title="Bizani">Bizani</a></li> <li>Kontsika</li> <li>Kosmira</li> <li>Manoliasa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedini,_Greece" title="Pedini, Greece">Pedini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ioannina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Exochi</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ioannina</a></li> <li>Marmara</li> <li>Neochoropoulo</li> <li>Stavraki</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Island" title="Ioannina Island">Ioannina Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Island" title="Ioannina Island">Ioannina Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Pamvotida" title="Pamvotida">Pamvotida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Anatoliki</li> <li>Charokopi</li> <li>Dafnoula</li> <li>Drosochori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliokali" title="Iliokali">Iliokali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastritsa" title="Kastritsa">Kastritsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsikas" title="Katsikas">Katsikas</a></li> <li>Koutseli</li> <li>Krapsi</li> <li>Longades</li> <li>Mouzakaioi</li> <li>Platanas</li> <li>Platania</li> <li>Vasiliki</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Perama,_Ioannina" title="Perama, Ioannina">Perama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Amfithea</li> <li>Kranoula</li> <li>Krya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryovrysi,_Ioannina" title="Kryovrysi, Ioannina">Kryovrysi</a></li> <li>Ligkiades</li> <li>Mazia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perama,_Ioannina" title="Perama, Ioannina">Perama</a></li> <li>Perivleptos</li> <li>Spothoi</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_regions_of_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Regions_of_Greece" title="Template:Capitals of Regions of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Regions_of_Greece" title="Template talk:Capitals of Regions of Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Regions_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Regions of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_regions_of_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modern_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern regions of Greece">Capitals of regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_(city)" title="Corfu (city)">Corfu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands_(region)" title="Ionian Islands (region)">Ionian Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ioannina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Komotini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozani" title="Kozani">Kozani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia_(city)" title="Lamia (city)">Lamia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(administrative_region)" title="Central Greece (administrative region)">Central Greece</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mytilene" title="Mytilene">Mytilene</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Aegean" title="North Aegean">North Aegean</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="West Greece">West Greece</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermoupoli" title="Ermoupoli">Ermoupoli</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Aegean" title="South Aegean">South Aegean</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Greece" title="Tripoli, Greece">Tripoli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(region)" title="Peloponnese (region)">Peloponnese</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183199#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147754409">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcKM4PHM7mvDXQFv4W4bd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4197925-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81042105">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12251843j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12251843j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Janina (Řecko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1123408&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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