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PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6661654" href="https://ferrara.academia.edu/GuidoBarbujani"><img alt="Profile image of Guido Barbujani" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/6661654/2633979/3060448/s65_guido.barbujani.jpg" />Guido Barbujani</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Science Advances</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Steppe ancestry among the non–Indo-European–speaking Etruscans challenges previous hypotheses on their recent Anatolian origin.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button 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data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/122844398/The_origin_and_legacy_of_the_Etruscans_through_a_2000_year_archeogenomic_time_transect" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="53331244" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53331244/2021_The_origin_and_legacy_of_the_Etruscans_through_a_2000_year_archeogenomic_time_transect">2021 The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2097741" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/LorenzoBondioli">Lorenzo Bondioli</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="496329" href="https://pigorinibeniculturali.academia.edu/AlessandraSperduti">Alessandra Sperduti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Science Advances, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The origin, development, and legacy of the enigmatic Etruscan civilization from the central region of the Italian peninsula known as Etruria have been debated for centuries. Here we report a genomic time transect of 82 individuals spanning almost two millennia (800 BCE to 1000 CE) across Etruria and southern Italy. During the Iron Age, we detect a component of Indo-European–associated steppe ancestry and the lack of recent Anatolian-related admixture among the putative non–Indo-European–speaking Etruscans. Despite comprising diverse individuals of central European, northern African, and Near Eastern ancestry, the local gene pool is largely maintained across the first millennium BCE. This drastically changes during the Roman Imperial period where we report an abrupt population-wide shift to ~50% admixture with eastern Mediterranean ancestry. Last, we identify northern European components appearing in central Italy during the Early Middle Ages, which thus formed the genetic landscape of present-day Italian populations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2021 The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect","attachmentId":70224388,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53331244/2021_The_origin_and_legacy_of_the_Etruscans_through_a_2000_year_archeogenomic_time_transect","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53331244/2021_The_origin_and_legacy_of_the_Etruscans_through_a_2000_year_archeogenomic_time_transect"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="8610767" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8610767/The_Etruscan_timeline_a_recent_Anatolian_connection">The Etruscan timeline: a recent Anatolian connection</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17846948" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/CCapelli">Cristian Capelli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Human Genetics, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Etruscan timeline: a recent Anatolian connection","attachmentId":48041451,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8610767/The_Etruscan_timeline_a_recent_Anatolian_connection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8610767/The_Etruscan_timeline_a_recent_Anatolian_connection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="77091096" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77091096/THE_ETRUSCANS_AN_EXTINCT_INDO_ARYAN_CIVILIZATIONOF_ANCIENT_EUROPE">THE ETRUSCANS AN EXTINCT INDO-ARYAN CIVILIZATIONOF ANCIENT EUROPE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36473777" href="https://independent.academia.edu/editorjoell">VEDA'S JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE [JOELL]</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">VEDA PUBLICATIONS(IJREP), 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Who were the mysterious Ancient Apennine tribe called Etruscans and what was the language they actually used to speak? Despite numerous attempts at decipherment and some claims of success, the Etruscan records still defy translation. Paradoxically, though the Etruscan letters derived from Euboean Greek alphabet are well known and easily readable, the Etruscan language itself still remains an enigma and is only partly understood. There is no literature in Etruscan left behind, but rather several thousand inscriptions, mostly of religious significance, engraved on sarcophagi and cremation urns. The present paper following the authentic Etruscan emphasis on the importance of the religious content of the inscriptions, coupled with the latest genetic studies of the Etruscan population, attempts at decoding anew the real origins of the ancient Etruscan people in the Apennine peninsula.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE ETRUSCANS AN EXTINCT INDO-ARYAN CIVILIZATIONOF ANCIENT EUROPE","attachmentId":84553276,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77091096/THE_ETRUSCANS_AN_EXTINCT_INDO_ARYAN_CIVILIZATIONOF_ANCIENT_EUROPE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77091096/THE_ETRUSCANS_AN_EXTINCT_INDO_ARYAN_CIVILIZATIONOF_ANCIENT_EUROPE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="38986939" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38986939/An_ancient_question_the_origin_of_the_Etruscans">An ancient question: the origin of the Etruscans</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2194285" href="https://uibk.academia.edu/ChristophUlf">Christoph Ulf</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">A. Naso (ed.), Etruscology, vol. 1, Boston/Berlin 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the ancient written sources contradicting views are held as to who the Etruscans were and from where they originated. Modern scholarship has been content to pick out one of the ancient concepts and to support it with historical, archaeological or linguistic arguments. As a result, there is still no consensus in this matter. An important reason for this is that the opinions held in modern scholarship are also closely linked to the ideological environments in which they are set. In an attempt to render these correlations as transparent as possible, this chapter attaches more importance to contextualizing the ancient written sources and the positions taken by modern scholarship than to mentioning and describing them as "exhaustively" as possibie. The chapter also draws attention to the interferences between the ancient written sources, the hypotheses regarding the Etruscan language and the interpretations of archaeological findings. To avoid the circular reasoning so frequent in academic debates, it is argued, one must follow the fundamental call in the methodological debate in archaeology to contextualize and interpret archaeological findings initially on their own. The archaeological settings, local and trans-regional correlations between findings can only be given meaning in a scientifically transparent manner, where specifically defined and clearly described analogical cases from the fields of anthropology and history are used. This, in fact, forms the basis for the more recent reflections on the possible internal structures of the settlements and cities and the connections between them. These reflections become all the more compelling , the less they depend upon the alleged knowledge of the "Etruscans" in the ancient written sources.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An ancient question: the origin of the Etruscans","attachmentId":59093118,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38986939/An_ancient_question_the_origin_of_the_Etruscans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38986939/An_ancient_question_the_origin_of_the_Etruscans"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="1520391" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1520391/The_Etruscans_A_Population_Genetic_Study">The Etruscans: A Population-Genetic Study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1585738" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/FrancescoMallegni">Francesco Mallegni</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Human Genetics, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Etruscans: A Population-Genetic Study","attachmentId":12332808,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1520391/The_Etruscans_A_Population_Genetic_Study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1520391/The_Etruscans_A_Population_Genetic_Study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="5017471" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5017471/Genetic_Evidence_Does_Not_Support_an_Etruscan_Origin_in_Anatolia">Genetic Evidence Does Not Support an Etruscan Origin in Anatolia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6661654" href="https://ferrara.academia.edu/GuidoBarbujani">Guido Barbujani</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic Evidence Does Not Support an Etruscan Origin in Anatolia","attachmentId":32252708,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5017471/Genetic_Evidence_Does_Not_Support_an_Etruscan_Origin_in_Anatolia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5017471/Genetic_Evidence_Does_Not_Support_an_Etruscan_Origin_in_Anatolia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="43170259" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43170259/Origin_of_the_Etruscan_and_Etruscans">Origin of the Etruscan and Etruscans</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10047694" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MilenkoZailac">Milenko Zailac</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This is an article about the origins of Etruscans and Etruscan language. Some speculations about the genetic structure (Haplogroups) of Etruscans were explicated. Furthermore, I discussed pretty significant proofs of Vedic philosophy substratum which to the Etruscan culture underlies. And last, but not least, I provided some arguments on the etymology of the name Etruscans. More about this theme in my new book, on the link: https://munistas.com/cube/</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Origin of the Etruscan and Etruscans","attachmentId":63433461,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43170259/Origin_of_the_Etruscan_and_Etruscans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43170259/Origin_of_the_Etruscan_and_Etruscans"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="53741904" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53741904/DNA_and_Etruscan_Identity_in_P_Perkins_and_J_Swaddling_eds_2009_Etruscan_by_Definition_British_Museum_Press_ISBN_13_978_0_86159_173_2">'DNA and Etruscan Identity' in P Perkins and J Swaddling (eds.) (2009), Etruscan by Definition, British Museum Press, ISBN-13: 978-0-86159-173-2</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="898085" href="https://open.academia.edu/PhilPerkins">Phil Perkins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Etruscan by Definition, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"'DNA and Etruscan Identity' in P Perkins and J Swaddling (eds.) (2009), Etruscan by Definition, British Museum Press, ISBN-13: 978-0-86159-173-2","attachmentId":70442156,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53741904/DNA_and_Etruscan_Identity_in_P_Perkins_and_J_Swaddling_eds_2009_Etruscan_by_Definition_British_Museum_Press_ISBN_13_978_0_86159_173_2","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53741904/DNA_and_Etruscan_Identity_in_P_Perkins_and_J_Swaddling_eds_2009_Etruscan_by_Definition_British_Museum_Press_ISBN_13_978_0_86159_173_2"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="1055813" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1055813/Etruscans_Now_and_Etruscan_Studies">Etruscans Now and Etruscan Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="898085" href="https://open.academia.edu/PhilPerkins">Phil Perkins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Etruscan Studies, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction to the Journal volume resulting from the Etruscans Now conference held in 2002 at the British Museum</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Etruscans Now and Etruscan Studies","attachmentId":6457761,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1055813/Etruscans_Now_and_Etruscan_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1055813/Etruscans_Now_and_Etruscan_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="73843442" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73843442/Paleobiology_of_Etruscan_populations">Paleobiology of Etruscan populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59442288" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EPacciani">Elsa Pacciani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human evolution, 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Paleobiology of Etruscan populations","attachmentId":82210486,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73843442/Paleobiology_of_Etruscan_populations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73843442/Paleobiology_of_Etruscan_populations"><span 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Malden, Mass.: Wiley Blackwell, 2016.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Companion to the Etruscans, edited by Sinclair Bell and Alexandra Carpino. 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