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Some speculations about the genetic structure (Haplogroups) of Etruscans were explicated. Furthermore, I discussed pretty significant proofs of Vedic philosophy substratum which to the Etruscan culture underlies. And last, but not least, I provided some arguments on the etymology of the name Etruscans. 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{"work":{"id":43170259,"created_at":"2020-05-26T11:04:36.174-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-15T04:24:12.068-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This is an article about the origins of Etruscans and Etruscan language. Some speculations about the genetic structure (Haplogroups) of Etruscans were explicated. Furthermore, I discussed pretty significant proofs of Vedic philosophy substratum which to the Etruscan culture underlies. And last, but not least, I provided some arguments on the etymology of the name Etruscans.\nMore about this theme in my new book, on the link:\nhttps://munistas.com/cube/\n\n"},"document_type":"thesis_chapter","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Origin of the Etruscan and Etruscans","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [10047694]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":63433461,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Origin of the Etruscan and Etruscans”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/63433461/mini_magick20200526-8210-1u1343o.png?1590516525" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Origin of the Etruscan and Etruscans</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10047694" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MilenkoZailac"><img alt="Profile image of Milenko Zailac" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10047694/11062926/12345421/s65_milenko.zailac.jpg_oh_2300c3bb3f7e723e437ebbb564d0b07c_oe_56d4e505" />Milenko Zailac</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 43170259; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=43170259"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This is an article about the origins of Etruscans and Etruscan language. Some speculations about the genetic structure (Haplogroups) of Etruscans were explicated. Furthermore, I discussed pretty significant proofs of Vedic philosophy substratum which to the Etruscan culture underlies. And last, but not least, I provided some arguments on the etymology of the name Etruscans. More about this theme in my new book, on the link: https://munistas.com/cube/ </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":63433461,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/43170259/Origin_of_the_Etruscan_and_Etruscans"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":63433461,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/43170259/Origin_of_the_Etruscan_and_Etruscans"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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At the present state of scientific research, the scholarly consensus is decidedly against any Indo-European origin for Etruscan language and culture. However, such a categorical claim is largely contradicted by the authentic inscriptions in Etruscan language and the remnants of cultural artifacts from the Etruscan era. The preserved Etruscan artifacts and Etruscan language itself reveal a strong undeniable connection with the Indo-Aryan Vedic culture and philosophy. Moreover, the latest genetic investigations have corroborated indisputably the genetic relationship between the Etruscans and the Vedic Aryans from Indian subcontinent.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Vedic Philosophy as Preserved in Etruscan Culture and Language","attachmentId":79366805,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69167615/Vedic_Philosophy_as_Preserved_in_Etruscan_Culture_and_Language","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69167615/Vedic_Philosophy_as_Preserved_in_Etruscan_Culture_and_Language"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="43358534" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43358534/Philosophy_of_the_Etruscan_language">Philosophy of the Etruscan language</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10047694" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MilenkoZailac">Milenko Zailac</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper, I have discussed the philosophical essence which to the semantics, morphology, and origins of the Etruscan language/script underlies. Further, I emphasized the Proto-Slavic-Sanskrit interpretation, which is consistent with the 5 -element Vedic philosophy. More about this theme in my new book, on the link: https://munistas.com/cube/</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Philosophy of the Etruscan language","attachmentId":63647269,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43358534/Philosophy_of_the_Etruscan_language","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43358534/Philosophy_of_the_Etruscan_language"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="84064337" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84064337/Vedic_Protoscientificism_in_the_Etruscan_language">Vedic Protoscientificism in the Etruscan language</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10047694" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MilenkoZailac">Milenko Zailac</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">To paraphrase Charles de Gaulle: Linguistic is too serious a matter to be left to the linguists. This work is an alternative paradigm that aims to explain the Etruscan language in a multidiscipline manner. Contrary to the mainstream paradigm, it supposes that the Etruscan language could someone read and understood as an Indo-Aryan language.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Vedic Protoscientificism in the Etruscan language","attachmentId":89212655,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84064337/Vedic_Protoscientificism_in_the_Etruscan_language","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84064337/Vedic_Protoscientificism_in_the_Etruscan_language"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="77091096" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77091096/THE_ETRUSCANS_AN_EXTINCT_INDO_ARYAN_CIVILIZATIONOF_ANCIENT_EUROPE">THE ETRUSCANS AN EXTINCT INDO-ARYAN CIVILIZATIONOF ANCIENT EUROPE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36473777" href="https://independent.academia.edu/editorjoell">VEDA'S JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE [JOELL]</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">VEDA PUBLICATIONS(IJREP), 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Who were the mysterious Ancient Apennine tribe called Etruscans and what was the language they actually used to speak? Despite numerous attempts at decipherment and some claims of success, the Etruscan records still defy translation. Paradoxically, though the Etruscan letters derived from Euboean Greek alphabet are well known and easily readable, the Etruscan language itself still remains an enigma and is only partly understood. There is no literature in Etruscan left behind, but rather several thousand inscriptions, mostly of religious significance, engraved on sarcophagi and cremation urns. The present paper following the authentic Etruscan emphasis on the importance of the religious content of the inscriptions, coupled with the latest genetic studies of the Etruscan population, attempts at decoding anew the real origins of the ancient Etruscan people in the Apennine peninsula.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE ETRUSCANS AN EXTINCT INDO-ARYAN CIVILIZATIONOF ANCIENT EUROPE","attachmentId":84553276,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77091096/THE_ETRUSCANS_AN_EXTINCT_INDO_ARYAN_CIVILIZATIONOF_ANCIENT_EUROPE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77091096/THE_ETRUSCANS_AN_EXTINCT_INDO_ARYAN_CIVILIZATIONOF_ANCIENT_EUROPE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="38986939" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38986939/An_ancient_question_the_origin_of_the_Etruscans">An ancient question: the origin of the Etruscans</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2194285" href="https://uibk.academia.edu/ChristophUlf">Christoph Ulf</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">A. Naso (ed.), Etruscology, vol. 1, Boston/Berlin 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the ancient written sources contradicting views are held as to who the Etruscans were and from where they originated. Modern scholarship has been content to pick out one of the ancient concepts and to support it with historical, archaeological or linguistic arguments. As a result, there is still no consensus in this matter. An important reason for this is that the opinions held in modern scholarship are also closely linked to the ideological environments in which they are set. In an attempt to render these correlations as transparent as possible, this chapter attaches more importance to contextualizing the ancient written sources and the positions taken by modern scholarship than to mentioning and describing them as "exhaustively" as possibie. The chapter also draws attention to the interferences between the ancient written sources, the hypotheses regarding the Etruscan language and the interpretations of archaeological findings. To avoid the circular reasoning so frequent in academic debates, it is argued, one must follow the fundamental call in the methodological debate in archaeology to contextualize and interpret archaeological findings initially on their own. The archaeological settings, local and trans-regional correlations between findings can only be given meaning in a scientifically transparent manner, where specifically defined and clearly described analogical cases from the fields of anthropology and history are used. This, in fact, forms the basis for the more recent reflections on the possible internal structures of the settlements and cities and the connections between them. These reflections become all the more compelling , the less they depend upon the alleged knowledge of the "Etruscans" in the ancient written sources.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An ancient question: the origin of the Etruscans","attachmentId":59093118,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38986939/An_ancient_question_the_origin_of_the_Etruscans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38986939/An_ancient_question_the_origin_of_the_Etruscans"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="38182880" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38182880/Essay_of_an_Outline_of_the_Formation_of_the_Etruscan_Language">Essay of an Outline of the Formation of the Etruscan Language</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45787404" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LMarsili">Lorenzo Marsili</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The works of three Italian philogists throw much light on the question of the formation of this ancient mixed language. In turn their results allows us to get further information on the historical issues of the development and geographical location of the lender languages and their mutual relationships.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Essay of an Outline of the Formation of the Etruscan Language","attachmentId":58280906,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38182880/Essay_of_an_Outline_of_the_Formation_of_the_Etruscan_Language","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38182880/Essay_of_an_Outline_of_the_Formation_of_the_Etruscan_Language"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="1808299" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1808299/Introduction_to_the_Etruscan_language_a_compilation_of_Work_Notes_with_Glossary_Update_10_17_2022_">Introduction to the Etruscan language - a compilation of Work Notes with Glossary (Update 10.17.2022)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="495257" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MelCopeland">Mel Copeland</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">It has been forty-one years since I presented my initial work on the Etruscan language to the curator of the Louvre Museum in Paris, France. It was about this time of the year and at the time I was thirtyeight years old. The curator kindly met with me but was not able to help me beyond suggesting meeting with some professors at the Sorbonne University. I was looking, of course, for the scholastic world s interest in the work and help in pursuing it in detail. I went to the Sorbonne without any positive result. I had been working then on the Etruscan language for about ten years, having been curious about Michael Ventris decipherment of Linear B, a writing system used in Crete by the Mycenaean civilization. Having spent some time on it and Linear B (which continues to be undeciphered, I switched to the examination of a curious Etruscan lead tablet called the Magliano Disk which had an inscription in the form of a spiral or meander. The Magliano Disk has been date to be around 500 B.C. Another document like the Magliano Disk is the Phaistos Disk which dates to 2,000 B.C. The Magliano Disk prompted me into searching out all of the Etruscan texts I could find, the results of which are provided on my Etruscan Phrases web pages. All written documents are intended to be understood and assume that the reader knows the value of the characters used to communicate the ideas expressed in a document. The Etruscan characters posed a unique problem, since they are almost the same as the Roman or Western alphabet and one is tempted to assign the values we know and understand to the Etruscan writings. But there is a problem with this, since the Etruscan writing often did not separate characters, phrases, or sentences, and separating distinct words in the texts is a challenge. Complicating the reading of the texts is the problem peculiar to Phoenician and later Hebrew texts where vowels are omitted. The omission of vowels in the Etruscan texts, however, did not appear to be systematic. The values of the Etruscan characters turn out to be not the same as our alphabet. The V, for instance, is not the Roman v but used as a u and o. The Etruscan F is interesting since it serves both as a consonant and a vowel. It is a v and a u, as in the word for Dionysus, Bacchus, L. Euias, Euan, which is Etruscan EFAIS, Euais. Euan is Etruscan EFAN. These and other similar relationships will be seen in the Copeland-English-Etruscan Dictionary (as well as the Etruscan Glossary A). In any event, it is now October 17, 2022 after preparing the Introduction to the Etruscan Language and further pursing the draft findings of this document, identifying specific declension and grammatical applications, another document has grown out of the work which is the Copeland-English-Etruscan Dictionary. It has been compiled using a worksheet at the end of this document called the Etruscan Glossary. Since the Etruscan Glossary is an excel spreadsheet, it could be used to organize refine and translate the Etruscan words of the Etruscan texts. Associated with preparation of the Etruscan Glossary is my Indo-European Table1 which is in 11 parts, available on academia.edu at: Introduction to the Etruscan language 2 https://www.academia.edu/35148685/Etruscan_Phrases_Indo_European_Table_1_Update_02_06_22_ The purpose and function of the table can be easily discerned by one s first look at the table and its succeeding 10 parts. Its 11 parts can also be easily accessed at: http://www.maravot.com/indo-european_Table.html. The Indo-European Table is not what I intended it to be, for it has grown into a table and worksheet on Eurasian languages. Each language represented in the Table reveals relationships that may be surprising. For instance, those who are interested in the origins of certain English words will see entries on origins (taken from The Concise American Heritage Dictionary, 1987 Houghton-Mifflin Company. Many of the English source or origin entries may not be correct, as will be seen in the Table. What does all this have to do with the Etruscans, who date from about 1,000 B.C. in Tuscany, Northern Italy? A good part of the English language derives from Latin, and Latin is very closely related to Etruscan (an older civilization that the Latin/Roman civilization). Civilizations influence on another, either by trade or conquest or both. We know the relationship of English-Latin, or French-Latin, etc. because of the Roman conquests. The Etruscan-Latin relationship is more perplexing, since the Etruscans had an established civilization long before, hundreds of years before, Rome came into existence. There were Latin-speaking tribes that were neighbors of the Etruscans but since the relationship between them and the Etruscans was before Rome came into existence we can t speak to the history of the Etruscans and Latin-speaking people. Could they understand one another? It s hard to say. We can assume that old Latin was closer to Etruscan than Roman Latin. The name of Hercules, for instance, in Etruscan is HERCLE, in old Latin it appears to be the same. In French the name of Hercules is Hercule. There is a possibility that we can write a history the Etruscan world from the Etruscan point of view and that is through the translation of the Etruscan texts. This leads you to the Copeland-English-Etruscan Dictionary, currently in preparation. There are 136 pages in the document and growing, as I convert the Etruscan Glossary A data into a working dictionary. The final Etruscan dictionary will be in excess of 300 pages, estimated to include about 3,000 words.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction to the Etruscan language - a compilation of Work Notes with Glossary (Update 10.17.2022)","attachmentId":92603499,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1808299/Introduction_to_the_Etruscan_language_a_compilation_of_Work_Notes_with_Glossary_Update_10_17_2022_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1808299/Introduction_to_the_Etruscan_language_a_compilation_of_Work_Notes_with_Glossary_Update_10_17_2022_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="48910684" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48910684/To_the_anthropology_of_the_Etruscans">To the anthropology of the Etruscans</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66160625" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/LarisaShpak">Larisa Shpak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia)</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Êðîìå ýòîãî, áûëî ïðîâåäåíî àíòðîïîëîãè÷åñêîå èññëåäîâàíèå Ôàþìñêîãî ïîðòðåòà I-IV âåêà í.ý. [Ïå-ðåâîç÷èêîâ ñ ñîàâò., 2012]. Èìåÿ îïûò ïîäîáíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, ìû ðåøèëè ïðèìåíèòü åãî ïðè ðàññìîòðåíèè ïðîáëåìû ïðîèñõîaeäåíèÿ ýòðóñêîâ, ÷åìó ñïîñîáñòâîâàëî áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ðàçíîîáðàçíîãî èçîáðàçèòåëüíîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Íåñìîòðÿ íà áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ðàáîò ïî èñòîðèè, àðõåîëîãèè, èñêóññòâó è ëèíãâèñòèêå ýòðóñêîâ,</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"To the anthropology of the Etruscans","attachmentId":67315542,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48910684/To_the_anthropology_of_the_Etruscans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48910684/To_the_anthropology_of_the_Etruscans"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="36272972" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36272972/The_Etruscan_Language_Fred_Hamori">The Etruscan Language Fred Hamori</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="79538623" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlfredHamori">Alfred Hamori</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The extinct Etruscan language of Italy has been a mystery for a long time, and even today only it's surface has been scratched, with many coarse and rough translations of words and text. It is often said that Etruscan language is an isolate language, which means that there were no others like it. Let us rock that boat a little to see how true that assertion is. The following article is not a claim of any sort of close relatedness, it is simply an illustration of shared characteristics, regardless of how that is interpreted. Those who try new solutions to solving the Etruscan puzzle are often criticized and marginalized, so the progress in deciphering the language has been painfully slow. Only about 250 words are believed to be understood, and I think even those are roughly understood. Critics of the newest attempts make statements like this: "There are numerous crank theories which relate the Etruscan language with Hungarian, Turkic, Basque, Israeli and Akkadian." Yet if we read the classical Greek references and study the comments of experts, we get a different perspective of early Etruscan times. In early Greece, Pelazgian is stated to be related to Etruscan. Similarly it is found in Anatolia and on the island of Lemnos. Misian in nearby Anatolia or Raetic in the Alps is believed to have ties to the Etruscan language. So obviously its not completely an isolate in its time, unless you invent a new definition for the word. It should not be assumed that any of these languages are exactly like Etruscan, just as Icelandic is not the same as English, even if they both have a Germanic background. Geographical or ethnic identity is not the meaning of a language family but the sharing of many grammatical characteristics and basic vocabulary. The implication that these are all "crank theories" is really just a crafty way of avoiding new ideas and ignoring new evidence proposed by professional historical linguists that claim and show links to even the surviving languages. The theories that don't stand up to the test somehow are used as proof that all other hypotheses must also be the work of amateurish cranks. My criticism is not about ignoring the work of amateurs who can range from dilettantes to masters, but about ignoring trained professionals. My purpose for writing this article is not to make any claims other than to show evidence of some correspondences. How that will be interpreted is not my concern. As a start, to compare languages, we must look at the most basic typology, syntax, morphology and phonetical characteristics of Etruscan, and see if it is common with the ones that the critic lists. Naturally this list of characteristics is incomplete, however I don't want to go into details that aren't known yet. If the results are consistently positive, then work our way down to the finer details. Eventually we should finally come to various differences, that may be explainable as unique features of an individual language. Next, I would first provide a systemic description of Etruscan, clearly discriminating positively known and presumed/speculative properties.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Etruscan Language Fred Hamori","attachmentId":56177832,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36272972/The_Etruscan_Language_Fred_Hamori","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36272972/The_Etruscan_Language_Fred_Hamori"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="36945555" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36945555/The_Etruscan_Civilization">The Etruscan Civilization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="79538623" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlfredHamori">Alfred Hamori</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A review of theories of Etruscan Origin, culture, history</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Etruscan Civilization","attachmentId":56895561,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36945555/The_Etruscan_Civilization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36945555/The_Etruscan_Civilization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":63433461,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":63433461,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_63433461" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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