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<span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standardized_electrical_device_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standardized_electrical_device_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Standardized electrical device symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standardized_electrical_device_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metaphorical_icons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metaphorical_icons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Metaphorical icons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metaphorical_icons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Desktop_metaphor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Desktop_metaphor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The Desktop metaphor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Desktop_metaphor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brand_icons_for_commercial_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_icons_for_commercial_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Brand icons for commercial software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brand_icons_for_commercial_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overlay_icons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overlay_icons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Overlay icons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overlay_icons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Placement_and_spacing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Placement_and_spacing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Placement and spacing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Placement_and_spacing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Shape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Size_and_scalability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size_and_scalability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Size and scalability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size_and_scalability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Motion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Localization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Localization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Localization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Localization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Cultural context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_visual_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_visual_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related visual tools</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_visual_tools-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related visual tools subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_visual_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Windows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control_widgets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_widgets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Control widgets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_widgets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emoticons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emoticons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Emoticons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emoticons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hyperlinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyperlinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Hyperlinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyperlinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Icon_creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Icon_creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Icon creation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Icon_creation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Icon creation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Icon_creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>List of tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Icon (computing)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_(%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9)" title="أيقونة (حوسبة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أيقونة (حوسبة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kon_(komp%C3%BCter)" title="İkon (kompüter) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkon (kompüter)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Икона (компютърни технологии) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Икона (компютърни технологии)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icona_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Icona (informàtica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Icona (informàtica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikona_(GUI)" title="Ikona (GUI) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ikona (GUI)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikon_(computer)" title="Ikon (computer) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ikon (computer)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_(Computer)" title="Icon (Computer) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Icon (Computer)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikoon_(infotehnoloogia)" title="Ikoon (infotehnoloogia) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ikoon (infotehnoloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icono_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Icono (informática) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Icono (informática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikono_(komputiko)" title="Ikono (komputiko) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ikono (komputiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4)" title="آیکن (رایانش) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آیکن (رایانش)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ic%C3%B4ne_(informatique)" title="Icône (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Icône (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icona_(Inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Icona (Informática) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Icona (Informática)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%98" title="아이콘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이콘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikon_(komputasi)" title="Ikon (komputasi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ikon (komputasi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icone_(informatica)" title="Icone (informatica) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Icone (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icona_(informatica)" title="Icona (informatica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Icona (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99)" title="צלמית (סמל חזותי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צלמית (סמל חזותי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Белгіше – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Белгіше" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikoni" title="Ikoni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ikoni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikon_(sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1stechnika)" title="Ikon (számítástechnika) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ikon (számítástechnika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Икона (информатика) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Икона (информатика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikon_komputer" title="Ikon komputer – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ikon komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icoon_(symbool)" title="Icoon (symbool) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Icoon (symbool)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3" title="アイコン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイコン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikon_(data)" title="Ikon (data) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ikon (data)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кылдамга – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кылдамга" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikona_(informatyka)" title="Ikona (informatyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ikona (informatyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dcone_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Ícone (informática) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ícone (informática)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictogram%C4%83_(calculatoare)" title="Pictogramă (calculatoare) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pictogramă (calculatoare)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81)" title="Иконка (графический интерфейс) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иконка (графический интерфейс)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ideogram used in computing</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Data-transfer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Data-transfer.svg/100px-Data-transfer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Data-transfer.svg/150px-Data-transfer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Data-transfer.svg/200px-Data-transfer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Awaiting.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Awaiting.svg/100px-Awaiting.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Awaiting.svg/150px-Awaiting.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Awaiting.svg/200px-Awaiting.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Run.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Run.svg/100px-Run.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Run.svg/150px-Run.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Run.svg/200px-Run.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Computer_icon#Desktop_metaphor_icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer icon">Desktop</a> icons for file/data transfer, clock/awaiting, and running a program.</div></div></div></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, an <b>icon</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">pictogram</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">ideogram</a> displayed on a <a href="/wiki/Computer_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer screen">computer screen</a> in order to help the user navigate a <a href="/wiki/Computer_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer system">computer system</a>. The icon itself is a quickly comprehensible symbol of a <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> tool, function, or a <a href="/wiki/Data_file" title="Data file">data file</a>, accessible on the system and is more like a <a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">traffic sign</a> than a detailed <a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustration</a> of the actual entity it represents.<sup id="cite_ref-BusinessWeek_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BusinessWeek-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can serve as an electronic <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlink</a> or <a href="/wiki/File_shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="File shortcut">file shortcut</a> to access the program or data. The user can activate an icon using a mouse, pointer, finger, or <a href="/wiki/Voice_command" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice command">voice commands</a>. Their placement on the screen, also in relation to other icons, may provide further information to the user about their usage.<sup id="cite_ref-ICT_Pictograms,_Icons_and_Symbols_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICT_Pictograms,_Icons_and_Symbols-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In activating an icon, the user can move directly into and out of the identified function without knowing anything further about the location or requirements of the file or code. </p><p>Icons as parts of the <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> of a computer system, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menu_(computing)" title="Menu (computing)">menus</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing device</a> (mouse), belong to the much larger topic of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_graphical_user_interface" title="History of the graphical user interface">history of the graphical user interface</a> that has largely supplanted the <a href="/wiki/Text-based_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Text-based interface">text-based interface</a> for casual use. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The computing definition of "icon" can include three distinct <a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">semiotical</a> elements: <a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Icon</a>, which resembles its referent (such as a road sign for falling rocks). This category includes <a href="/wiki/Stylization" class="mw-redirect" title="Stylization">stylized</a> drawings of objects from the office environment or from other professional areas such as printers, scissors, file cabinets and folders. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Index_(disambiguation)#Computer_science" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Index (disambiguation)">Index</a>, which is associated with its referent (smoke is a sign of fire). This category includes <a href="/wiki/Stylization" class="mw-redirect" title="Stylization">stylized</a> drawings used to refer to actions "<a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printer</a>" and "print", "<a href="/wiki/Scissors" title="Scissors">scissors</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Cutting" title="Cutting">cut</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Magnifying_glass" title="Magnifying glass">magnifying glass</a>" and "search". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbol</a>, which is related to its referent only by convention (letters, musical notation, mathematical operators etc.). </p><p>This category includes standardized symbols found across many <a href="/wiki/Electronic_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic device">electronic devices</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Power_symbol" title="Power symbol">power on/off symbol</a> and the USB icon. </p><p>The majority of icons are encoded and decoded using <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Media-floppy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Media-floppy.svg/170px-Media-floppy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Media-floppy.svg/255px-Media-floppy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Media-floppy.svg/340px-Media-floppy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a><figcaption>The <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> was ubiquitous for data storage in the late 20th century, and still continues to be used to represent the save function. This is an example of a <a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph" title="Skeuomorph">skeuomorph</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>An example of <a href="/wiki/Metaphorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaphorical">metaphorical</a> representation characterizes all the major desktop-based computer systems including the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Desktop_metaphor_icons">desktop</a> that uses an iconic representation of objects from the 1980s office environment to transpose attributes from a familiar context/object to an unfamiliar one. This is known as <a href="/wiki/Skeuomorphism" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeuomorphism">skeuomorphism</a>, and an example is the use of the <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> to represent saving data; even though floppy disks have been obsolete for roughly a quarter century, it is still recognized as "the save icon". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymy</a> is in itself a subset of metaphors that use one entity to point to another related to it such as using a <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent bulb">fluorescent bulb</a> instead of a filament one to represent power saving settings. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">Synecdoche</a> is considered as a special case of metonymy, in the usual sense of the part standing for the whole such as a single component for the entire system, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker driver">speaker driver</a> for the entire <a href="/wiki/Audio_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio system">audio system</a> settings. </p><p>Additionally, a group of icons can be categorised as brand icons, used to identify commercial <a href="/wiki/Software_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Software program">software programs</a> and are related to the <a href="/wiki/Brand_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Brand identity">brand identity</a> of a company or software. These commercial icons serve as functional links on the system to the program or data files created by a specific software provider. Although icons are usually depicted in <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interfaces</a>, icons are sometimes rendered in a <a href="/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">TUI</a> using special characters such as <a href="/wiki/MouseText" title="MouseText">MouseText</a> or <a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a>. </p><p>The design of all computer icons is constricted by the limitations of the device display. They are limited in size, with the standard size of about a <a href="/wiki/Thumbnail" title="Thumbnail">thumbnail</a> for both <a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop computer</a> systems and mobile devices. They are frequently scalable, as they are displayed in different positions in the software, a single icon file such as the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">Apple Icon Image format</a> can include multiple versions of the same icon optimized to work at a different size, in colour or grayscale as well as on dark and bright backgrounds. </p><p>The colors used, for both the image and the icon background, should stand out on different system backgrounds and among each other. The detailing of the icon image needs to be simple, remaining recognizable in varying graphical resolutions and screen sizes. Computer icons are by definition language-independent but often not culturally independent; they do not rely on letters or words to convey their meaning. These visual parameters place rigid limits on the design of icons, frequently requiring the skills of a <a href="/wiki/Graphic_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic artist">graphic artist</a> in their development. </p><p>Because of their condensed size and versatility, computer icons have become a mainstay of user interaction with electronic media. Icons also provide rapid entry into the system functionality. On most systems, users can create and delete, replicate, <a href="/wiki/Selection_(user_interface)" title="Selection (user interface)">select</a>, click or double-click standard computer icons and <a href="/wiki/Drag_and_drop" title="Drag and drop">drag</a> them to new positions on the screen to create a customized user environment.<sup id="cite_ref-ICT_Pictograms,_Icons_and_Symbols_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICT_Pictograms,_Icons_and_Symbols-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standardized_electrical_device_symbols">Standardized electrical device symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Standardized electrical device symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USB_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/USB_icon.png/220px-USB_icon.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/USB_icon.png/330px-USB_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/USB_icon.png/440px-USB_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption>A standardized icon for a USB connection</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Power_icon_(the_Noun_Project_35084).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Power_icon_%28the_Noun_Project_35084%29.svg/170px-Power_icon_%28the_Noun_Project_35084%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Power_icon_%28the_Noun_Project_35084%29.svg/255px-Power_icon_%28the_Noun_Project_35084%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Power_icon_%28the_Noun_Project_35084%29.svg/340px-Power_icon_%28the_Noun_Project_35084%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>The standard <a href="/wiki/Power_symbol" title="Power symbol">power icon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A series of recurring computer icons are taken from the broader field of standardized symbols used across a wide range of electrical equipment. Examples of these are the <a href="/wiki/Power_symbol" title="Power symbol">power symbol</a> and the USB icon, which are found on a wide variety of electronic devices. The standardization of electronic icons is an important safety-feature on all types of electronics, enabling a user to more easily navigate an unfamiliar system. As a subset of electronic devices, computer systems and mobile devices use many of the same icons; they are corporated into the design of both the computer hardware and on the software. On the hardware, these icons identify the functionality of specific buttons and plugs.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the software, they provide a link into the customizable settings.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>System warning icons also belong to the broader area of ISO standard warning signs. These warning icons, first designed to regulate automobile traffic in the early 1900s, have become standardized and widely understood by users without the necessity of further verbal explanations. In designing software operating systems, different companies have incorporated and defined these standard symbols as part of their graphical user interface. For example, the Microsoft MSDN<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> defines the standard icon use of error, warning, information and question mark icons as part of their software development guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different organizations are actively involved in standardizing these icons, as well as providing guidelines for their creation and use. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has defined "Graphical symbols for use on equipment", published as IEC 417, a document which displays IEC standardized icons. Another organization invested in the promotion of effective icon usage is the ICT (information and communications technologies), which has published guidelines for the creation and use of icons.<sup id="cite_ref-ICT_Pictograms,_Icons_and_Symbols_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICT_Pictograms,_Icons_and_Symbols-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these icons are available on the Internet, either to purchase or as freeware to incorporate into new software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metaphorical_icons">Metaphorical icons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Metaphorical icons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An icon is a <i><a href="/wiki/Signifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Signifier">signifier</a></i> pointing to the <i><a href="/wiki/Signified" class="mw-redirect" title="Signified">signified</a></i>. Easily comprehendible icons will make use of familiar visual metaphors directly connected to the <i>signified</i>: actions the icon initiate or the content that would be revealed. <a href="/wiki/Metaphors" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaphors">Metaphors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a> are used to encode the meaning in an icon system. </p><p>The <i>signified</i> can have multiple natures: virtual objects such as <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">files</a> and <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">applications</a>, actions within a system or an application (e.g. snap a picture, delete, rewind, connect/disconnect etc...), action in the physical world (e.g. print, eject DVD, change volume or brightness etc...) as well as physical objects (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">monitor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compact_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact disk">compact disk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printer</a> etc...). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Desktop_metaphor">The Desktop metaphor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Desktop metaphor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A subgroup of the more visually rich icons is based on objects lifted from a 1970 physical office space and desktop environment. It includes the basic icons used for a file, file folder, trashcan, inbox, together with the spatial real estate of the screen, i.e. the electronic desktop. This model originally enabled users, familiar with common office practices and functions, to intuitively navigate the computer desktop and system. (Desktop Metaphor, pg 2). The icons stand for objects or functions accessible on the system and enable the user to do tasks common to an office space. These desktop computer icons developed over several decades; data files in the 1950s, the hierarchical storage system (i.e. the file folder and filing cabinet) in the 1960s, and finally the <a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">desktop metaphor</a> itself (including the trashcan) in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Beyond_the_Desktop_Metaphor_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beyond_the_Desktop_Metaphor-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_Canfield_Smith" title="David Canfield Smith">Dr. David Canfield Smith</a> associated the term "icon" with computing in his landmark 1975 PhD thesis "Pygmalion: A Creative Programming Environment".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his work, Dr. Smith envisioned a scenario in which "visual entities", called icons, could execute lines of programming code, and save the operation for later re-execution.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Smith later served as one of the principal designers of the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Star" title="Xerox Star">Xerox Star</a>, which became the first commercially available personal computing system based on the desktop metaphor when it was released in 1981. "The icons on [the desktop] are visible concrete embodiments of the corresponding physical objects."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The desktop and icons displayed in this first desktop model are easily recognizable by users several decades later, and display the main components of the desktop metaphor GUI. </p><p>This model of the desktop metaphor has been adopted by most personal computing systems in the last decades of the 20th century; it remains popular as a "simple intuitive navigation by single user on single system."<sup id="cite_ref-Beyond_the_Desktop_Metaphor_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beyond_the_Desktop_Metaphor-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is only at the beginning of the 21st century that personal computing is evolving a new metaphor based on Internet connectivity and teams of users, <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>. In this new model, data and tools are no longer stored on the single system, instead they are stored someplace else, "in the cloud". The cloud metaphor is replacing the desktop model; it remains to be seen how many of the common desktop icons (file, file folder, trashcan, inbox, filing cabinet) find a place in this new metaphor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brand_icons_for_commercial_software">Brand icons for commercial software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brand icons for commercial software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A further type of computer icon is more related to the <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a> identity of the software programs available on the computer system. These brand icons are bundled with their product and installed on a system with the software. They function in the same way as the hyperlink icons described above, representing functionality accessible on the system and providing links to either a software program or data file. Over and beyond this, they act as a company identifier and advertiser for the software or company.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because these company and program <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logos</a> represent the company and product itself, much attention is given to their design, done frequently by commercial artists. To regulate the use of these brand icons, they are <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> registered and are considered part of the company's intellectual property. </p><p>In closed systems such as <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, the use of icons is to a degree regulated or guided <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to create a sense of consistency in the <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">UI</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overlay_icons">Overlay icons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Overlay icons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On some GUI systems (e.g. Windows), on an icon which represents an object (e.g. a file) a certain additional subsystem can add a smaller secondary icon, laid over the primary icon and usually positioned in one of its corners, to indicate the status of the object which is represented with the primary icon. For instance, the subsystem for locking files can add a "padlock" overlay icon on an icon which represents a file in order to indicate that the file is locked. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Placement_and_spacing">Placement and spacing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Placement and spacing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to display the number of icons representing the growing complexity offered on a device, different systems have come up with different solutions for screen space management. The computer monitor continues to display primary icons on the main page or desktop, allowing easy and quick access to the most commonly used functions for a user. This screen space also invites almost immediate user customization, as the user adds favourite icons to the screen and groups related icons together on the screen. Secondary icons of system programs are also displayed on the <a href="/wiki/Task_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Task bar">task bar</a> or the system <a href="/wiki/Dock_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (computing)">dock</a>. These secondary icons do not provide a link like the primary icons, instead, they are used to show availability of a tool or file on the system.<sup id="cite_ref-Beyond_the_Desktop_Metaphor_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beyond_the_Desktop_Metaphor-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spatial management techniques play a bigger role in mobile devices with their much smaller screen real estate. In response, mobile devices have introduced, among other visual devices, scrolling screen displays and selectable tabs displaying groups of related icons. Even with these evolving display systems, the icons themselves remain relatively constant in both appearance and function. </p><p>Above all, the icon itself must remain clearly identifiable on the display screen regardless of its position and size. Programs might display their icon not only as a desktop hyperlink, but also in the program title bar, on the Start menu, in the Microsoft tray or the Apple dock. In each of these locations, the primary purpose is to identify and advertise the program and functionality available. This need for recognition in turn sets specific design restrictions on effective computer icons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Icons_example.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Icons_example.png" decoding="async" width="335" height="532" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>An example of computer icon set design: <a href="/wiki/Nuvola" title="Nuvola">Nuvola</a> icons come in six different sizes</figcaption></figure> <p>In order to maintain consistency in the look of a device, OS manufacturers offer detailed guidelines for the development and use of icons on their systems.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is true for both standard system icons and third party application icons to be included in the system. The system icons currently in use have typically gone through widespread international acceptance and understandability testing. Icon design factors have also been the topic for extensive usability studies. The design itself involves a high level of skill in combining an attractive graphic design with the required usability features.<sup id="cite_ref-ICT_Pictograms,_Icons_and_Symbols_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICT_Pictograms,_Icons_and_Symbols-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shape">Shape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Shape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The icon needs to be clear and easily recognizable, able to display on monitors of widely varying size and resolutions. Its shape should be simple with clean lines, without too much detailing in the design. Together with the other design details, the shape also needs to make it unique on the display and clearly distinguishable from other icons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color">Color</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Color"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The icon needs to be colorful enough to easily pick out on the display screen, and contrast well with any background. With the increasing ability to customize the desktop, it is important for the icon itself to display in a standard color which cannot be modified, retaining its characteristic appearance for immediate recognition by the user. Through color it should also provide some visual indicator as to the icon state; activated, available or currently not accessible ("greyed out"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size_and_scalability">Size and scalability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Size and scalability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The standard icon is generally the size of an adult thumb, enabling both easy visual recognition and use in a <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> device. For individual devices the display size correlates directly to the size of the screen real estate and the resolution of the display. Because they are used in multiple locations on the screen, the design must remain recognizable at the smallest size, for use in a directory tree or title bar, while retaining an attractive shape in the larger sizes. In addition to scaling, it may be necessary to remove visual details or simplify the subject between discrete sizes. Larger icons serve also as part of the accessibility features for the visually impaired on many computer systems. The width and height of the icon are the same (1:1 <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">aspect ratio</a>) in almost all areas of traditional use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motion">Motion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Motion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Icons can also be augmented with iconographic motion - geometric manipulations applied to a graphical element over time, for example, a scale, rotation, or other deformation. One example is when application icons "wobble" in iOS to convey to the user they are able to be repositioned by being dragged. This is different from an icon with animated graphics, such as a <a href="/wiki/Throbber" title="Throbber">Throbber</a>. In contrast to static icons and icons with animated graphics, kinetic behaviors do not alter the visual content of an element (whereas fades, blurs, tints, and addition of new graphics, such as badges, exclusively alter an icon's pixels). Stated differently, pixels in an icon can be moved, rotated, stretched, and so on - but not altered or added to. Research has shown iconographic motion can act as a powerful and reliable visual cue, a critical property for icons to embody.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Localization">Localization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Localization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its primary function as a symbolic image, the icon design should ideally be divorced from any single language. For products which are targeting the international marketplace, the primary design consideration is that the icon is non-verbal; localizing text in icons is costly and time-consuming. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_context">Cultural context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cultural context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beyond text, there are other design elements which can be dependent upon the cultural context for interpretation. These include color, numbers, symbols, body parts and hand gestures. Each of these elements needs to be evaluated for their meaning and relevance across all markets targeted by the product.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_visual_tools">Related visual tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Related visual tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other graphical devices used in the computer user interface fulfill GUI functions on the system similar to the computer icons described above. However each of these related graphical devices differs in one way or another from the standard computer icon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows">Windows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The graphical windows on the computer screen share some of the visual and functional characteristics of the computer icon. Windows can be minimized to an icon format to serve as a hyperlink to the window itself. Multiple windows can be open and even overlapping on the screen. However where the icon provides a single button to initiate some function, the principal function of the window is a workspace, which can be minimized to an icon hyperlink when not in use.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_widgets">Control widgets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Control widgets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over time, certain <a href="/wiki/GUI_widget" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI widget">GUI widgets</a> have gradually appeared which are useful in many contexts. These are graphical controls which are used across computer systems and can be intuitively manipulated by the user even in a new context because the user recognises them from having seen them in a more familiar context. Examples of these control widgets are scroll bars, sliders, listboxes and buttons used in many programs. Using these widgets, a user is able to define and manipulate the data and the display for the software program they are working with. The first set of computer widgets was originally developed for the Xerox Alto. Now they are commonly bundled in widget toolkits and distributed as part of a development package. These control widgets are standardized pictograms used in the graphical interface, they offer an expanded set of user functionalities beyond the hyperlink function of computer icons.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emoticons">Emoticons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Emoticons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another GUI icon is exemplified by the <a href="/wiki/Smiley" title="Smiley">smiley</a> face, a pictogram embedded in a <a href="/wiki/Text_message" class="mw-redirect" title="Text message">text message</a>. The smiley, and by extension other <a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">emoticons</a>, are used in computer text to convey information in a non-verbal binary shorthand, frequently involving the emotional context of the message. These icons were first developed for computers in the 1980s as a response to the limited storage and transmission bandwidth used in electronic messaging. Since then they have become both abundant and more sophisticated in their keyboard representations of varying emotions. They have developed from keyboard character combinations into real icons. They are widely used in all forms of electronic communications, always with the goal of adding context to the verbal content of the message. In adding an emotional overlay to the text, they have also enabled electronic messages to substitute for and frequently supplant voice-to-voice messaging. </p><p>These emoticons are very different from the icon hyperlinks described above. They do not serve as links, and are not part of any system function or computer software. Instead they are part of the communication language of users across systems. For these computer icons, customization and modifications are not only possible but in fact expected of the user.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyperlinks">Hyperlinks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Hyperlinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A text hyperlink performs much the same function as the functional computer icon: it provides a direct link to some function or data available on the system. Although they can be customized, these text hyperlinks generally share a standardized recognizable format, blue text with underlining. Hyperlinks differ from functional computer icons in that they are normally embedded in text, whereas icons are displayed as stand-alone on the screen real estate. They are also displayed in text, either as the link itself or a friendly name, whereas icons are defined as being primarily non-textual. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Icon_creation">Icon creation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Icon creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the design requirements, icon creation can be a time-consuming and costly process. There are a plethora of icon creation tools to be found on the Internet, ranging from professional level tools through utilities bundled with software development programs to stand-alone freeware.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given this wide availability of icon tools and icon sets, a problem can arise with custom icons which are mismatched in style to the other icons included on the system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tools">Tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Icons underwent a change in appearance from the early 8-bit <a href="/wiki/Pixel_art" title="Pixel art">pixel art</a> used pre-2000 to a more photorealistic appearance featuring effects such as softening, sharpening, edge enhancement, a glossy or glass-like appearance, or drop shadows which are rendered with an <a href="/wiki/Alpha_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha channel">alpha channel</a>. </p><p>Icon editors used on these early platforms usually contain a rudimentary <a href="/wiki/Raster_image_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Raster image editor">raster image editor</a> capable of modifying images of an icon pixel by pixel, by using simple drawing tools, or by applying simple image filters. Professional icon designers seldom modify icons inside an icon editor and use a more advanced drawing or 3D modeling application instead. </p><p>The main function performed by an icon editor is generation of icons from images. An icon editor resamples a source image to the resolution and color depth required for an icon. Other functions performed by icon editors are icon extraction from executable files (exe, dll), creation of icon libraries, or saving individual images of an icon. </p><p>All icon editors can make icons for system files (folders, text files, etc.), and for web pages. These have a file extension of .<a href="/wiki/ICO_(icon_image_file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="ICO (icon image file format)">ICO</a> for Windows and web pages or .<a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Icon Image">ICNS</a> for the Macintosh. If the editor can also make a cursor, the image can be saved with a file extension of .<a href="/wiki/ICO_(icon_image_file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="ICO (icon image file format)">CUR</a> or .<a href="/wiki/ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)">ANI</a> for both Windows and the Macintosh. Using a new icon is simply a matter of moving the image into the correct file folder and using the system tools to select the icon. In Windows XP you could go to My Computer, open Tools on the explorer window, choose Folder Options, then File Types, select a file type, click on Advanced and select an icon to be associated with that file type. </p><p>Developers also use icon editors to make icons for specific program files. Assignment of an icon to a newly created program is usually done within the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Development_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Development Environment">Integrated Development Environment</a> used to develop that program. However, if one is creating an application in the <a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">Windows API</a> he or she can simply add a line to the program's resource script before compilation. Many icon editors can copy a unique icon from a program file for editing. Only a few can assign an icon to a program file, a much more difficult task. </p><p>Simple icon editors and image-to-icon converters are also available online as <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_tools">List of tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: List of tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_2D_graphics_software" title="List of 2D graphics software">List of 2D graphics software</a></div> <p>This is a list of notable computer icon software. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axialis_IconWorkshop" title="Axialis IconWorkshop">Axialis IconWorkshop</a> – Supports both Windows and Mac icons. (Commercial, Windows)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IcoFX" title="IcoFX">IcoFX</a> – Icon editor supporting Windows Vista and Macintosh icons with PNG compression (Commercial, Windows)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IconBuilder" title="IconBuilder">IconBuilder</a> – Plug-in for Photoshop; focused on Mac. (Commercial, Windows/Mac)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microangelo_Toolset" title="Microangelo Toolset">Microangelo Toolset</a> – a set of tools (Studio, Explorer, Librarian, Animator, On Display) for editing Windows icons and cursors. (Commercial, Windows)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Microsoft Visual Studio</a> - can author <a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)">ICO/CUR</a> files but cannot edit 32-bit icon frames with 8-bit transparency.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Commercial, Windows)</li></ul> <p>The following is a list of raster graphic applications capable of creating and editing icons: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a> – Image Editor Supports reading and writing Windows <a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)">ICO/CUR</a>/<a href="/wiki/ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)">ANI</a> files and <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a> files that can be converted to Mac <a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">.icns files</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open Source</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free Software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Multi-Platform</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageMagick" title="ImageMagick">ImageMagick</a> and <a href="/wiki/GraphicsMagick" title="GraphicsMagick">GraphicsMagick</a> – Command Line image conversion & generation that can be used to create <a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)">Windows ICO files</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a> files that can be converted to Mac <a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">.ICNS files</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open Source</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free Software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Multi-Platform</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IrfanView" title="IrfanView">IrfanView</a> – Support converting graphic file formats into Windows ICO files. (Proprietary, free for non-commercial use, Windows)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResEdit" title="ResEdit">ResEdit</a> – Supports creating <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a> icon <a href="/wiki/Resource_fork" title="Resource fork">resources</a>. (Proprietary, Discontinued, Classic Mac OS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">Apple Icon Image format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinguishable_interfaces" title="Distinguishable interfaces">Distinguishable interfaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favicon" title="Favicon">Favicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_Awesome" title="Font Awesome">Font Awesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)">ICO (file format)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_design" title="Icon design">Icon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconfinder" title="Iconfinder">Iconfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_(Windows)" title="Resource (Windows)">Resource (Windows)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semasiography" title="Semasiography">Semasiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Noun_Project" title="The Noun Project">The Noun Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode symbols">Unicode symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap">XPM</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BusinessWeek-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BusinessWeek_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRosenblatt2012" class="citation web cs1">Rosenblatt, Joel (August 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Bedford / St. Martins, Boston.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Desktop_Customization/Utilities/Icons/">"<i>Open Dictionary Desktop Customization: Icons</i>, 10 May 2011"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Dictionary+Desktop+Customization%3A+Icons%2C+10+May+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmoz.org%2FComputers%2FSoftware%2FDesktop_Customization%2FUtilities%2FIcons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcon+%28computing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/cpp/windows/image-editor-for-icons">"Resource editors - Image Editor for Icons (C++)"</a>. <i>Microsoft Learn</i>. 11 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Resource+editors+-+Image+Editor+for+Icons+%28C%2B%2B%29&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fcpp%2Fwindows%2Fimage-editor-for-icons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIcon+%28computing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Wolf, Alecia. 2000. "Emotional Expression Online: Gender Differences in Emoticon</li> <li>Katz, James E., editor (2008). <i>Handbook of Mobile Communication Studies</i>. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.</li> <li>Levine, Philip and Scollon, Ron, editors (2004). <i>Discourse & Technology: Multimodal Discourse Analysis</i>. Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C.</li> <li>Abdullah, Rayan and Huebner, Roger (2006). <i>Pictograms, Icons and Signs: A Guide to Information Graphics</i>. Thames & Hudson, London.</li> <li>Handa, Carolyn (2004). <i>Visual Rhetoric in a Digital World: A Critical Sourcebook</i>. Bedford / St. Martins, Boston.</li> <li>Zenon W. Pylyshyn and Liam J. Bannon (1989). <i>Perspectives on the Computer Revolution</i>. Ablex, New York.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icon_(computing)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Software_icons" 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