CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Nouakchott - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"522e97d1-b3a9-4268-83a4-b7e32fa8d5f8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Nouakchott","wgTitle":"Nouakchott","wgCurRevisionId":1255113415,"wgRevisionId":1255113415,"wgArticleId":51592,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Articles containing Wolof-language text", "Articles containing Pulaar-language text","Articles containing Soninke-language text","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages with French IPA","Pages with Hassaniyya IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles with text in Berber languages","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1999","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","Articles containing French-language text","Articles with Arabic-language sources (ar)","Nouakchott","Capitals in Africa","Planned communities","Populated coastal places in Mauritania","Populated places in Mauritania","Populated places established in 1659"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Nouakchott","wgRelevantArticleId":51592,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":18.085277777777776,"lon":-15.9725},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3688" ,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready" ,"jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nouakchott.jpg/1200px-Nouakchott.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nouakchott.jpg/800px-Nouakchott.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nouakchott.jpg/640px-Nouakchott.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Nouakchott - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Nouakchott rootpage-Nouakchott skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nouakchott" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nouakchott" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nouakchott" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nouakchott" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Sustainability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slum_resettlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slum_resettlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Slum resettlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slum_resettlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Places of worship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Twin towns – Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nouakchott</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 138 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-138" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">138 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%91%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%BE%E1%89%B5" title="ኑዋክሾት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኑዋክሾት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7" title="نواكشوط – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نواكشوط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuakxot" title="Nuakxot – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nuakxot" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuakech%C3%B3te" title="Nuakechóte – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Nuakechóte" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuak%C5%9Fot" title="Nuakşot – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nuakşot" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4" title="নুওয়াকশুত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নুওয়াকশুত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ནའུ་ཀ་ཅོ་ཊི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནའུ་ཀ་ཅོ་ཊི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Nouakchott (ulohang dakbayan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nouakchott (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuak%C5%A1ott" title="Nuakšott – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nuakšott" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7" title="نواكشوط – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نواكشوط" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADyoltah" title="Níyoltah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Níyoltah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%84" title="Νουακσότ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νουακσότ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuakchot" title="Nuakchot – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nuakchot" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuak%C5%9Doto" title="Nuakŝoto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nuakŝoto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuakxot" title="Nuakxot – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nuakxot" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA" title="نواکشوت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نواکشوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuacsat" title="Nuacsat – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nuacsat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%88%84%EC%95%85%EC%87%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="누악쇼트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="누악쇼트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B7%D5%B8%D5%BF" title="Նուակշոտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նուակշոտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4" title="नवाक्शूत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नवाक्शूत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawakshut" title="Nawakshut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nawakshut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAaksjott" title="Núaksjott – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Núaksjott" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%98" title="נואקשוט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נואקשוט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwakic%C9%94%C9%94t%C9%A9" title="Nuwakicɔɔtɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nuwakicɔɔtɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ნუაქშოტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნუაქშოტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchot" title="Nouakchot – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nouakchot" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuak%C5%9Fot" title="Nuakşot – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nuakşot" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuak%C5%A1ota" title="Nuakšota – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nuakšota" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuak%C5%A1otas" title="Nuakšotas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nuakšotas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuak%C5%A1ot" title="Nuakšot – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Nuakšot" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="നൌവാക്ക്ച്ചോട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൌവാക്ക്ച്ചോട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4" title="नवाकसुत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नवाकसुत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ნუაქშოტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნუაქშოტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7" title="نواكشوط – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نواكشوط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7" title="نواکشوط – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نواکشوط" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott_(stad)" title="Nouakchott (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nouakchott (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8C%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ヌアクショット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヌアクショット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuakshot" title="Nuakshot – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nuakshot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4" title="ਨੁਆਕਚੋਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੁਆਕਚੋਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7" title="نواکشوط – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نواکشوط" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA" title="نواکشوت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نواکشوت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawakszut" title="Nawakszut – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nawakszut" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱱᱚᱣᱟᱠᱛᱥᱩᱛ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱚᱣᱟᱠᱛᱥᱩᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A2%DA%AA_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7" title="نوآڪ شوط – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نوآڪ شوط" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawakszut" title="Nawakszut – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Nawakszut" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawakshot" title="Nawakshot – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nawakshot" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%86%D8%AA" title="نواکشۆت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نواکشۆت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuakchot" title="Nuakchot – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nuakchot" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="நுவாக்சூத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நுவாக்சூத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwaqcu%E1%B9%AD" title="Nwaqcuṭ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Nwaqcuṭ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95" title="นูอากช็อต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นูอากช็อต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuak%C5%9Fot" title="Nuakşot – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nuakşot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Нуакшот – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нуакшот" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7" title="نواکشوط – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نواکشوط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuak%C5%A1ot" title="Nuakšot – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nuakšot" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4vakjut" title="Nävakjut – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nävakjut" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwaaksot" title="Nuwaaksot – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Nuwaaksot" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E8%82%96%E7%89%B9" title="努瓦克肖特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="努瓦克肖特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%98" title="נואקשוט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נואקשוט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Nouakchott" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E8%82%96%E7%89%B9" title="努瓦克肖特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="努瓦克肖特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E8%82%96%E7%89%B9" title="努瓦克肖特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="努瓦克肖特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3688#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Nouakchott" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Nouakchott" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Nouakchott" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&oldid=1255113415" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Nouakchott&id=1255113415&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNouakchott"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNouakchott"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nouakchott&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nouakchott" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3688" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nouakchott&params=18_05_07_N_15_58_21_W_region:MR_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°05′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">15°58′21″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.08528°N 15.97250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.08528; -15.97250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and the largest city of Mauritania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the three regions the city is divided in, see <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Nord_Region" title="Nouakchott-Nord Region">Nouakchott-Nord Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Ouest_Region" title="Nouakchott-Ouest Region">Nouakchott-Ouest Region</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Sud_Region" title="Nouakchott-Sud Region">Nouakchott-Sud Region</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Mauritania</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Nouakchott</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نواكشوط</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Wolof-language text"><i lang="wo">Nuwaaksoot</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Wolof_language" title="Wolof language">Wolof</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Pulaar-language text"><i lang="fuc">Nuwaasoot</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Pulaar_language" title="Pulaar language">Pulaar</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Soninke-language text"><i lang="snk">Nuwasooto</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Soninke_language" title="Soninke language">Soninke</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouakchott.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nouakchott.jpg/238px-Nouakchott.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nouakchott.jpg/357px-Nouakchott.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nouakchott.jpg/476px-Nouakchott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Saudi_Mosque_(15143368306).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Grand_Saudi_Mosque_%2815143368306%29.jpg/124px-Grand_Saudi_Mosque_%2815143368306%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Grand_Saudi_Mosque_%2815143368306%29.jpg/186px-Grand_Saudi_Mosque_%2815143368306%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Grand_Saudi_Mosque_%2815143368306%29.jpg/248px-Grand_Saudi_Mosque_%2815143368306%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4282" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.jpg/110px-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.jpg/165px-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.jpg/220px-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauritania-presidential-palace-Le-Palais-Pr%C3%A9sidentiel-Nouakchott.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mauritania-presidential-palace-Le-Palais-Pr%C3%A9sidentiel-Nouakchott.jpg/120px-Mauritania-presidential-palace-Le-Palais-Pr%C3%A9sidentiel-Nouakchott.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mauritania-presidential-palace-Le-Palais-Pr%C3%A9sidentiel-Nouakchott.jpg/180px-Mauritania-presidential-palace-Le-Palais-Pr%C3%A9sidentiel-Nouakchott.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mauritania-presidential-palace-Le-Palais-Pr%C3%A9sidentiel-Nouakchott.jpg/240px-Mauritania-presidential-palace-Le-Palais-Pr%C3%A9sidentiel-Nouakchott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="603" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouakchott,deGaulle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Nouakchott%2CdeGaulle.jpg/114px-Nouakchott%2CdeGaulle.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Nouakchott%2CdeGaulle.jpg/171px-Nouakchott%2CdeGaulle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Nouakchott%2CdeGaulle.jpg/228px-Nouakchott%2CdeGaulle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1082" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div>From the top to bottom-right, View of the City, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Mosque" title="Saudi Mosque">Saudi Mosque</a>, Société Nationale Industrielle et Minière Tower, <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Nouakchott" title="Presidential Palace, Nouakchott">Presidential Palace</a>, Avenue Général de Gaulle</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">City view of Nouakchott</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauritania_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nouakchott is located in Mauritania"><img alt="Nouakchott is located in Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mauritania_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Mauritania_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mauritania_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Mauritania_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mauritania_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Mauritania_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="1384" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.275%;left:13.07%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nouakchott"><img alt="Nouakchott" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Nouakchott</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Map of Mauritania showing Nouakchott</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Mauritania</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nouakchott is located in Africa"><img alt="Nouakchott is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.643%;left:12.341%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nouakchott"><img alt="Nouakchott" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Nouakchott</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Nouakchott (Africa)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nouakchott&params=18_05_07_N_15_58_21_W_region:MR_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°05′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">15°58′21″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.08528°N 15.97250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.08528; -15.97250</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Mauritania" title="Regions of Mauritania">Wilaya</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouakchott-Nord">Nouakchott-Nord</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Ouest" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouakchott-Ouest">Nouakchott-Ouest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouakchott-Sud">Nouakchott-Sud</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivision</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Nine communes</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Arafat,_Mauritania" title="Arafat, Mauritania">Arafat</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dar-Naim" class="mw-redirect" title="Dar-Naim">Dar Naïm</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/El_Mina,_Mauritania" title="El Mina, Mauritania">El Mina</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ksar,_Mauritania" title="Ksar, Mauritania">Ksar</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Riyad,_Mauritania" title="Riyad, Mauritania">Riyad</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sebkha,_Mauritania" title="Sebkha, Mauritania">Sebkha</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tevragh-Zeina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tevragh-Zeina">Tevragh Zeina</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Teyarett" title="Teyarett">Teyarett</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Toujouonine" class="mw-redirect" title="Toujouonine">Toujounine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Nouakchott" title="Regional Council of Nouakchott">Regional Council of Nouakchott</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Council president</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fatimatou_Abdel_Malick" title="Fatimatou Abdel Malick">Fatimatou Abdel Malick</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/El_Insaf" class="mw-redirect" title="El Insaf">El Insaf</a></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,000 km<sup>2</sup> (400 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 m (23 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023 census)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,446,761</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,400/km<sup>2</sup> (3,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B00:00" title="UTC+00:00">UTC+00:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Not Observed)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crn.mr/fr/">crn<wbr />.mr<wbr />/fr<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3688#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nouakchott</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">nwa(h)k-<span style="font-size:90%">SHOT</span></i></a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[nwakʃɔt]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نواكشوط</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Nwākshūṭ</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hassaniyya:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mey-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[nwakʃuːtˤ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/94\/LL-Q56231_%28mey%29-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.wav\/LL-Q56231_%28mey%29-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q56231 (mey)-Tidjani Saleh-\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q56231_%28mey%29-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.wav/LL-Q56231_%28mey%29-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q56231_(mey)-Tidjani_Saleh-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7.wav" title="File:LL-Q56231 (mey)-Tidjani Saleh-نواكشوط.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Wolof_language" title="Wolof language">Wolof</a>: <i lang="wo">Nuwaaksoot</i>; <a href="/wiki/Pulaar_language" title="Pulaar language">Pulaar</a>: <i lang="fuc">Nuwaasoot</i>; <a href="/wiki/Soninke_language" title="Soninke language">Soninke</a>: <i lang="snk">Nuwasooto</i>; <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a>: <i lang="ber">Nwakcoṭ</i>, originally derived from <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a>: <i lang="ber">Nawākšūṭ</i>, 'place of the winds'<sup id="cite_ref-LorenzZimbelman2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LorenzZimbelman2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or alternatively <a href="/wiki/Zenaga_language" title="Zenaga language">Zenaga</a>: <i lang="ber">in wakchodh</i>, 'having no ears')<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and largest city of <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>. Located in the southwestern part of the country, it is one of the largest cities in the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also serves as the administrative and economic center of Mauritania. </p><p>Once a mid-sized coastal village, Nouakchott was selected as the capital for the nascent nation of Mauritania, with construction beginning in 1958. It was originally designed to accommodate a population of 15,000, but experienced significant population growth in the 1970s when many Mauritanians fled their home villages due to <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a> and increasing <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a>. Many of the newcomers settled in <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slum</a> areas of the city that were poorly maintained and extremely overcrowded. By the mid-1980s, Nouakchott's population was estimated to be between 400,000 to 500,000.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the city had a population of nearly 1.5 million people and serves as the hub of the Mauritanian economy. It is home to a <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">deepwater port</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott%E2%80%93Oumtounsy_International_Airport" title="Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport">Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport</a>, one of the country's two international airports. It also hosts the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nouakchott_Al_Aasriya" title="University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya">University of Nouakchott</a> and several other more specialized institutions of higher learning. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Nouakchott" title="Timeline of Nouakchott">Timeline of Nouakchott</a></div> <p>Not too long ago, Nouakchott was known for being a small fishing town,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fortified fishing village (<i>ksar</i>) in pre-colonial times and under <a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French rule</a>. As Mauritania prepared for independence, it lacked a capital city. The area of present-day Nouakchott was chosen by <a href="/wiki/Moktar_Ould_Daddah" title="Moktar Ould Daddah">Moktar Ould Daddah</a>, the first President of Mauritania, and his advisors. Ould Daddah desired the new capital to symbolize modernity and national unity, which ruled out existing cities or towns in the interior. The village was selected as the capital city for its central location between <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Senegal" title="Saint-Louis, Senegal">Saint-Louis, Senegal</a>, the city from which the colony of Mauritania was governed, and <a href="/wiki/Nouadhibou" title="Nouadhibou">Nouadhibou</a>. Its location also meant that it avoided the sensitive issue of whether the capital was built in an area dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Amazigh</a> (Berbers) or <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Sub-Saharan Africans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pazzanita2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pazzanita2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 369">: 369 </span></sup> </p><p>Construction began in March 1958 to enlarge the village to house a population of 15,000, in 1959 Nouakchott started with its founding by indigenous people from the surrounding region,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the basics were completed by the time that the French granted independence on 28 November 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nouakchott was planned with the expectation that commerce and other economic activities would not take place in the city. Nouakchott's <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a> was planned with broad streets and a grid-like structure; the new <i>Cinquième Quartier</i> (Fifth District) was located close to this area and became the location of a large open-air market and residential area within a few years. During the 1960s, the city obtained its own local government. By the 1970s, these new areas had grown so much that they replaced the old <i>ksar</i> in terms of importance, as they also hosted the governmental buildings and state enterprises.<sup id="cite_ref-Pazzanita2008_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pazzanita2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 369">: 369 </span></sup> </p><p>The city was attacked twice in 1976 by the <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a>, but the guerrillas caused little damage. The city has had massive and unconstrained growth, driven by the North African <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>, since the beginning of the 1970s; hundreds of thousands moved there in search of a better life. The official censuses showed 134,000 residents in 1977 and 393,325 in 1988, although both figures were probably smaller than reality.<sup id="cite_ref-Pazzanita2008_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pazzanita2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 370">: 370 </span></sup> The population is now estimated to consist of at least one third of the country's population of 3.3 million,<sup id="cite_ref-world66_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-world66-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 2013 census showed a population of 958,399.<sup id="cite_ref-census_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouakchott,_districts_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nouakchott%2C_districts_en.jpg/220px-Nouakchott%2C_districts_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nouakchott%2C_districts_en.jpg/330px-Nouakchott%2C_districts_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nouakchott%2C_districts_en.jpg/440px-Nouakchott%2C_districts_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1467" data-file-height="917" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Nouakchott with district names</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouakchott,_Mauritania_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_(5457913604).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nouakchott%2C_Mauritania_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457913604%29.jpg/220px-Nouakchott%2C_Mauritania_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457913604%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nouakchott%2C_Mauritania_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457913604%29.jpg/330px-Nouakchott%2C_Mauritania_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457913604%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nouakchott%2C_Mauritania_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457913604%29.jpg/440px-Nouakchott%2C_Mauritania_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457913604%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3257" data-file-height="2478" /></a><figcaption>Population density and low elevation coastal zones. Nouakchott is especially vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Located on the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> coast of the Sahara Desert, it lies on the west coast of Africa. With the exception of <a href="/wiki/Friendship_Port_of_Nouakchott" title="Friendship Port of Nouakchott">Friendship Port</a> and a small fishing <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a>, the coastal strip is mostly left empty and allowed to flood. The coastline includes shifting <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">sandbanks</a> and sandy beaches. There are areas of <a href="/wiki/Quicksand" title="Quicksand">quicksand</a> close to the harbor.<sup id="cite_ref-chinaview_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinaview-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nouakchott is largely flat,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and some of the city lies below sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is threatened by the sand dunes advancing from its eastern side which pose a daily problem.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been efforts to save particular areas, including work by Jean Meunier.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> Owing to the rapid build-up, the city is quite spread out, with few tall buildings. Most buildings are one-story.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nouakchott is built around a large tree-lined street, Avenue Gamal Abdel Nasser, which runs northeast through the city centre from the airport. It divides the city into two, with the residential areas in the north and the <a href="/wiki/Medina_quarter" title="Medina quarter">medina quarter</a>, along with the <i>kebbe</i>, a shanty town formed due to the displacement of people from other areas by the desert.<sup id="cite_ref-valic_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valic-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50–57">: 50–57 </span></sup> Other major streets are named (in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>) for notable Mauritanian or international figures of the 1960s: Avenue Gamal Abdel Nasser, Avenue Charles de Gaulle, Avenue Kennedy, and Avenue Lumumba, for example.<sup id="cite_ref-roughguide_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roughguide-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>kebbe</i> consists of <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a> buildings that are built overnight and made to look permanent to avoid destruction by the authorities. In 1999, it was estimated that more than half of the city's inhabitants lived in tents and shacks, which were used for residential as well as business purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-lawrence_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lawrence-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is broken into nine <i>arrondissements</i>, sub-divided into alphabetized <i>Îlots</i>. These are Teyarett, Ksar, Tevragh-Zeïna, Toujounine, Sebkha, El Mina, Dar-Naïm, Arafat and Riad. The Sebkha (Cinquième) Arrondissement is home to a large shopping area.<sup id="cite_ref-roughguide_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roughguide-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 116−17">: 116−17 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nouakchott features a <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: BWh) with hot temperatures throughout the year but cool winter night temperatures. Due to the city's oceanside location, Nouakchott is generally not quite as hot as other cities with this climate. Still, the city can experience sweltering days. While average high temperatures are relatively constant at around 33 °C (91 °F), average low temperatures can range from 25 °C (77 °F) during the fall months (in this city fall is hotter than summer, with September and October being the hottest months) to 13 °C (55 °F) during the winter months. Minimum temperatures can be as low as 10 °C (50 °F) during winter nights in Nouakchott. Average rainfall in the city is 95 mm (3.7 in) a year.<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Nouakchott (1981–2010, extremes 1934–2012) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(103.8) </td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.7<br />(107.1) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(111.2) </td> <td style="background: #AC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.5<br />(117.5) </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.0<br />(116.6) </td> <td style="background: #B00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.2<br />(117.0) </td> <td style="background: #AC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.5<br />(117.5) </td> <td style="background: #CD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.1<br />(113.2) </td> <td style="background: #C70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.5<br />(113.9) </td> <td style="background: #D50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.5<br />(112.1) </td> <td style="background: #F30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.3<br />(108.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td> <td style="background: #AC0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47.5<br />(117.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(0.06) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.00) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(0.07) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(1.45) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3<br />(1.43) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(0.08) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">95.2<br />(3.75) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.5 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.4 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260.4 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270.0 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282.1 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.7 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">254.2 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260.4 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.0 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,946.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a><sup id="cite_ref-DWD_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2019 paper published in <a href="/wiki/PLOS_One" title="PLOS One">PLOS One</a> estimated that under <a href="/wiki/Representative_Concentration_Pathway#4.5" title="Representative Concentration Pathway">Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5</a>, a "moderate" scenario of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100, the climate of Nouakchott in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>. The annual temperature would increase by 2.3 °C (4.1 °F), and the temperature of the warmest month by 2.8 °C (5.0 °F), while the temperature of the coldest month would decrease by 0.3 °C (0.54 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker" title="Climate Action Tracker">Climate Action Tracker</a>, the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sustainability">Sustainability</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sustainability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Responding to a 450% projected increase in electricity demand between 2010 and 2030, Nouakchott's <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Mauritania#Solar" title="List of power stations in Mauritania">Sheikh Zayed solar power plant</a> was completed in 2012 and is considered the largest solar power plant in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The desert climate causes dust accumulation, which negatively impacts the performance of photovoltaic solar panels.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:15-Nouakchott-eH-R0058185.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/15-Nouakchott-eH-R0058185.jpg/220px-15-Nouakchott-eH-R0058185.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/15-Nouakchott-eH-R0058185.jpg/330px-15-Nouakchott-eH-R0058185.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/15-Nouakchott-eH-R0058185.jpg/440px-15-Nouakchott-eH-R0058185.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A partial view of the city</figcaption></figure> <p>Nouakchott is divided into three administrative <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Mauritania" title="Regions of Mauritania">regions</a> (<i>wilayat</i>) led by governors appointed by the central government, each of which contains three <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Mauritania" title="Departments of Mauritania">departments</a> (<i>moughataa</i>): </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Nord_Region" title="Nouakchott-Nord Region">Nouakchott-Nord</a></b> (Nouakchott-North): <a href="/wiki/Dar-Naim" class="mw-redirect" title="Dar-Naim">Dar-Naim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teyarett" title="Teyarett">Teyarett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toujouonine" class="mw-redirect" title="Toujouonine">Toujouonine</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Ouest_Region" title="Nouakchott-Ouest Region">Nouakchott-Ouest</a></b> (Nouakchott-West): <a href="/wiki/Ksar,_Mauritania" title="Ksar, Mauritania">Ksar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sebkha,_Mauritania" title="Sebkha, Mauritania">Sebkha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tevragh-Zeina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tevragh-Zeina">Tevragh-Zeina</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Sud_Region" title="Nouakchott-Sud Region">Nouakchott-Sud</a></b> (Nouakchott-South): <a href="/wiki/Arafat,_Mauritania" title="Arafat, Mauritania">Arafat</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Mina,_Mauritania" title="El Mina, Mauritania">El Mina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riyad,_Mauritania" title="Riyad, Mauritania">Riyad</a></li></ul> <p>Separate from the <i>wilayat</i>, a directly elected <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Nouakchott" title="Regional Council of Nouakchott">regional council</a> was established in Nouakchott in 2018, which took over the roles of promoting social and economic development from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_Community_of_Nouakchott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urban Community of Nouakchott (page does not exist)">Urban Community</a> that it replaced. <a href="/wiki/Fatimatou_Abdel_Malick" title="Fatimatou Abdel Malick">Fatimatou Abdel Malick</a> was elected Council president in September 2018, and re-elected in May 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nouakchott was initially divided into four departments in 1973. In 1986 the current nine departments were created.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Formerly a district, in 1990 Nouakchott became a region of Mauritania.<sup id="cite_ref-statoids_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statoids-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 November 2014, it was split into the three current regions,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the previous governor of Nouakchott Mahi Ould Hamed becoming the first governor of Nouakchott-Nord.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,807</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1965</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+158.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+66.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1977</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">134,704</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+438.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">232,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+72.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1988</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">393,325</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+69.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">558,195</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">958,399</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+71.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,446,761</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+51.0%</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For comparison, its population was only 20,000 in 1969. Part of the difficulty in estimating the city's population is that part of it is <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic</a>, setting up tents in suitable locations, then packing up when the need strikes. Some estimates put the 2008 population at over 2 million.<sup id="cite_ref-world66_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-world66-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2013 census gave the city's population as 958,399.<sup id="cite_ref-census_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slum_resettlement">Slum resettlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Slum resettlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, the government of Mauritania announced that it would begin a process of clearing the slum on the outskirts of Nouakchott, as 24,000 families would eventually be relocated to planned housing in the city. The process was scheduled to begin with the relocation of 9,000 families from the outskirts into the poor <a href="/wiki/Arafat,_Mauritania" title="Arafat, Mauritania">Arafat department</a> neighborhood of "Kosovo", popularly named for its high crime rate and poor services.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The government planned to begin moving families in June 2009, despite concerns from aid agencies that needed infrastructure could not be put in place in the receiving neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, it was reported that "slums have been replaced by social dwellings for the poorest",<sup id="cite_ref-ecomena_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecomena-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> reporting that the plan met with substantial success, resulting in access to improved services for 181,035 people in the slum areas.<sup id="cite_ref-wb_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now in 2023 the population is approximately 1.5M people.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nkttbeach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Nkttbeach.jpg/220px-Nkttbeach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Nkttbeach.jpg/330px-Nkttbeach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Nkttbeach.jpg/440px-Nkttbeach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>The beach in Nouakchott</figcaption></figure> <p>Nouakchott is the center of the Mauritanian economy, with three-quarters of service sector enterprises located in the city as of 1999<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> with 90% of the city's economic activity consisting of informal transactions. Some inhabitants have multiple addresses and maintain strong ties with their regions of origin, at times returning for labor.<sup id="cite_ref-lawrence_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lawrence-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg/220px-%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg/440px-%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott%E2%80%93Oumtounsy_International_Airport" title="Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport">Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nouakchott has a Chinese-built <a href="/wiki/Friendship_Port_of_Nouakchott" title="Friendship Port of Nouakchott">deepwater port</a> that opened in 1986. It was designed for a capacity of 500,000 tons <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">deadweight</a> (DWT) of cargo a year, but has been handling 1,500,000 tons (DWT) by 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-chinaview_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinaview-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China agreed in 2009 to invest US$282 million in the port, aiming to extend the main <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">quay</a> by over 900 m (3,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> was investigating funding a new <a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">shipping container</a> facility at the port.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Air service is provided by <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott%E2%80%93Oumtounsy_International_Airport" title="Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport">Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport</a>, which replaced the previous <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott_International_Airport" title="Nouakchott International Airport">Nouakchott International Airport</a> in June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-jeuneafrique_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeuneafrique-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cairo%E2%80%93Dakar_Highway" title="Cairo–Dakar Highway">Cairo–Dakar Highway</a> leg from Nouakchott to Nouadhibou was paved in 2004, although the Nouakchott-<a href="/wiki/Rosso" title="Rosso">Rosso</a> leg was paved before independence.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1,100-kilometre (680 mi) road (<i>Route de l'Espoir</i> (Road of Hope)) connects the city with <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9ma" title="Néma">Néma</a> via <a href="/wiki/Boutilimit" title="Boutilimit">Boutilimit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiffa" title="Kiffa">Kiffa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pazzanita_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pazzanita-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 235">: 235 </span></sup> In the city, there is a public transport and commuter system, with vehicles serving major boulevards.<sup id="cite_ref-lawrence_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lawrence-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2022 a <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott_tramway" title="Nouakchott tramway">tramway project</a> was presented, without a scheduled opening date.<sup id="cite_ref-Tram_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tram-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nouakchott_Al_Aasriya" title="University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya">University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya</a>, the main university in <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, opened in 1981. As of 1995, it had 70 <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professors</a> and 2,800 students. There are also many international schools more specifically the american school tlc international school. </p><p>Other higher education facilities include the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_International_University_(Mauritania)" title="Lebanese International University (Mauritania)">Lebanese International University of Mauritania</a>, the National School of Administration, the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Science_and_Technology_(Mauritania)" title="College of Science and Technology (Mauritania)">College of Science and Technology</a> and the Higher Scientific Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-Pazzanita_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pazzanita-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 105">: 105 </span></sup> </p><p>There are many primary and secondary schools, among the most prominent are the American International School of Nouakchott,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_Th%C3%A9odore_Monod_(Mauritania)" title="Lycée Français Théodore Monod (Mauritania)">Lycée Français Théodore Monod</a>, and TLC International School.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NouakchottNationalMuseum1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/NouakchottNationalMuseum1.jpg/220px-NouakchottNationalMuseum1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/NouakchottNationalMuseum1.jpg/330px-NouakchottNationalMuseum1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/NouakchottNationalMuseum1.jpg/440px-NouakchottNationalMuseum1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Mauritania" title="National Museum of Mauritania">National Museum of Mauritania</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Attractions in Nouakchott include the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Mauritania" title="National Museum of Mauritania">National Museum of Mauritania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Mauritania" title="National Library of Mauritania">National Library</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_de_P%C3%A9che&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port de Péche (page does not exist)">Port de Péche</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Mauritania" title="National Archives of Mauritania">National Archives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lp_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lp-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city hosts several <a href="/wiki/Marketplace" title="Marketplace">markets</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Marocaine_market" title="Marocaine market">Marocaine market</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">beaches</a>. One beach is devoted to fishing boats where fish can be bought fresh at the <a href="/wiki/Fish_market_(Nouakchott)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish market (Nouakchott)">Fish market</a>. Nouakchott is a principal selling place of native <a href="/wiki/Meteorite#The_Sahara" title="Meteorite">Saharan meteorites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouakchott-mosquee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nouakchott-mosquee.jpg/220px-Nouakchott-mosquee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nouakchott-mosquee.jpg/330px-Nouakchott-mosquee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nouakchott-mosquee.jpg/440px-Nouakchott-mosquee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1214" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Mosque" title="Saudi Mosque">Saudi Mosque</a>, one of Nouakchott's twelve mosques</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_worship">Places of worship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Places of worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Places_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Places of worship">places of worship</a>, they are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> mosques like the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Mosque" title="Saudi Mosque">Saudi Mosque</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudanese_Embassy_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudanese Embassy Mosque (page does not exist)">Sudanese Embassy Mosque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches and temples: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Nouakchott" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouakchott">Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouakchott</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>), <a href="/wiki/Protestant_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant churches">Protestant churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Churches">Evangelical Churches</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nouakchott hosts ten of the fourteen teams of the Mauritanian <a href="/wiki/Super_D1" title="Super D1">Super D1</a> as of the 2023-2024 season, including <a href="/wiki/ACS_Ksar" title="ACS Ksar">ACS Ksar</a>, <a href="/wiki/AS_Douanes_(Mauritania)" title="AS Douanes (Mauritania)">AS Douanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/AS_Garde_Nationale" title="AS Garde Nationale">AS Garde Nationale</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASAC_Concorde" title="ASAC Concorde">ASAC Concorde</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASC_Police" title="ASC Police">ASC Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASC_Tidjikja" class="mw-redirect" title="ASC Tidjikja">ASC Tidjikja</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FC_Gourel_Sangue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FC Gourel Sangue (page does not exist)">FC Gourel Sangue</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Tevragh-Zeina" title="FC Tevragh-Zeina">FC Tevragh-Zeina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaedi_FC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaedi FC (page does not exist)">Kaedi FC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott_Kings" title="Nouakchott Kings">Nouakchott Kings</a>. There is also the stadium olympique next to bon prix which is a place with a lot of sport activities </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_Sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Twin towns – Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nouakchott is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain (1986)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>, China (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mauritania" title="Portal:Mauritania">Mauritania portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mauritania" title="List of cities in Mauritania">List of cities in Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mauritania" title="Transport in Mauritania">Transport in Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mauritania" title="Economy of Mauritania">Economy of Mauritania</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geonames.org/2377450/nouakchott.html">Nouakchott, Mauritania</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geonames.org/about.html">Geonames.org (cc-by)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LorenzZimbelman2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LorenzZimbelman2014_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLorenz,_Ralph_D.Zimbelman,_James_R.2014" class="citation book cs1">Lorenz, Ralph D.; Zimbelman, James R. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-AO7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA273"><i>Dune Worlds: How Windblown Sand Shapes Planetary Landscapes</i></a>. Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-89725-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-89725-5"><bdi>978-3-540-89725-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224184103/https://books.google.com/books?id=-AO7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA273">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dune+Worlds%3A+How+Windblown+Sand+Shapes+Planetary+Landscapes&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-540-89725-5&rft.au=Lorenz%2C+Ralph+D.&rft.au=Zimbelman%2C+James+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-AO7BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span> page 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom2008" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanplacename0000room"><i>African Placenames : Origins and Meanings of the Names for Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Counties</i></a> (2. ed.). McFarland & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786495610" title="Special:BookSources/9780786495610"><bdi>9780786495610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Placenames+%3A+Origins+and+Meanings+of+the+Names+for+Natural+Features%2C+Towns%2C+Cities%2C+Provinces%2C+and+Counties.&rft.edition=2.&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780786495610&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricanplacename0000room&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span> page 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/23140-sahara-desert.html">"The Sahara: Facts, Climate and Animals of the Desert"</a>. <i>Live Science</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181735/http://www.livescience.com/23140-sahara-desert.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=The+Sahara%3A+Facts%2C+Climate+and+Animals+of+the+Desert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F23140-sahara-desert.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandloff1990" class="citation book cs1">Handloff, Robert E. (1990). <i>Mauritania: A Country Study</i>. Federal Research Division. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160197970" title="Special:BookSources/9780160197970"><bdi>9780160197970</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mauritania%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780160197970&rft.aulast=Handloff&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eros.usgs.gov/earthshots/nouakchott-mauritania">"Nouakchott, Mauritania | EROS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nouakchott%2C+Mauritania+%26%23124%3B+EROS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feros.usgs.gov%2Fearthshots%2Fnouakchott-mauritania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pazzanita2008-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pazzanita2008_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pazzanita2008_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pazzanita2008_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPazzanita,_Anthony_G.2008" class="citation book cs1">Pazzanita, Anthony G. (2008). <i>Historical Dictionary of Mauritania</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6265-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6265-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-6265-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Mauritania&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6265-4&rft.au=Pazzanita%2C+Anthony+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/nouakchott-mauritania-1960/#:~:text=Nonetheless%20the%20city%20is%20the,was%20a%20small%20fishing%20village.">"Nouakchott, Mauritania (1659- ) •"</a>. 3 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nouakchott%2C+Mauritania+%281659-+%29+%E2%80%A2&rft.date=2014-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Fglobal-african-history%2Fnouakchott-mauritania-1960%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DNonetheless%2520the%2520city%2520is%2520the%2Cwas%2520a%2520small%2520fishing%2520village.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Britannica, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/">Nouakchott Nouakchott</a>, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-world66-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-world66_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-world66_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170619084512/http://www.world66.com/africa/mauritania/nouakchott">"Nouakchott Travel Guide"</a>. <i>www.world66.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world66.com/africa/mauritania/nouakchott">the original</a> on 19 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.world66.com&rft.atitle=Nouakchott+Travel+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world66.com%2Fafrica%2Fmauritania%2Fnouakchott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citypopulation.de/Mauritania-Cities.html">"Mauritania: Regions, Cities & Urban Localities - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts"</a>. <i>citypopulation.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026070503/http://www.citypopulation.de/Mauritania-Cities.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Mauritania%3A+Regions%2C+Cities+%26+Urban+Localities+-+Population+Statistics+in+Maps+and+Charts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2FMauritania-Cities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinaview-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chinaview_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinaview_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304123950/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/28/content_11787791.htm">"Harbor in Nouakchott Marks China-Mauritania Friendship"</a>. <i>news.xinhuanet.com</i>. 28 July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/28/content_11787791.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.xinhuanet.com&rft.atitle=Harbor+in+Nouakchott+Marks+China-Mauritania+Friendship&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2009-07%2F28%2Fcontent_11787791.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2024/06/24/the-venice-of-africa-is-sinking-into-the-sea">"The "Venice of Africa" is sinking into the sea"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 24 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+%22Venice+of+Africa%22+is+sinking+into+the+sea&rft.date=2024-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F2024%2F06%2F24%2Fthe-venice-of-africa-is-sinking-into-the-sea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=6234">"Nouakchott, Mauritania : Image of the Day"</a>. <i>earthobservatory.nasa.gov</i>. 9 January 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010145/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=6234">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earthobservatory.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Nouakchott%2C+Mauritania+%3A+Image+of+the+Day&rft.date=2001-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2FIOTD%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D6234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelland2009" class="citation book cs1">Welland, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780520254374"><i>Sand: The Never-ending Story</i></a> (1. ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520254374" title="Special:BookSources/9780520254374"><bdi>9780520254374</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sand%3A+The+Never-ending+Story&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.edition=1.&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780520254374&rft.aulast=Welland&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780520254374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpasevski2013" class="citation web cs1">Spasevski, +Jugoslav (2013-09-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourist-destinations.com/2013/09/nouakchott-mauritania.html">"Nouakchott, Mauritania"</a>. <i>Tourist Destinations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tourist+Destinations&rft.atitle=Nouakchott%2C+Mauritania&rft.date=2013-09-29&rft.aulast=Spasevski&rft.aufirst=%2BJugoslav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourist-destinations.com%2F2013%2F09%2Fnouakchott-mauritania.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valic-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-valic_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Valicourt2000" class="citation book cs1">de Valicourt, Benedict (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z6asvXDSPcC&q=avenue+gamal+abdel+nasser+nouakchott&pg=PA52"><i>Mauritanie</i></a>. Paris: Editions Marcus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782713101533" title="Special:BookSources/9782713101533"><bdi>9782713101533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mauritanie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Editions+Marcus&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9782713101533&rft.aulast=de+Valicourt&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Z6asvXDSPcC%26q%3Davenue%2Bgamal%2Babdel%2Bnasser%2Bnouakchott%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roughguide-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roughguide_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roughguide_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudgensTrillo2003" class="citation book cs1">Hudgens, Jim; Trillo, Richard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetowest0000hudg"><i>Rough Guide to West Africa</i></a> (4th ed.). London: Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1843531186" title="Special:BookSources/1843531186"><bdi>1843531186</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rough+Guide+to+West+Africa&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1843531186&rft.aulast=Hudgens&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Trillo%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetowest0000hudg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lawrence-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lawrence_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawrence_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawrence_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence" class="citation web cs1">Lawrence, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904052819/http://fletcher.tufts.edu/~/media/Fletcher/Microsites/praxis/xv/Lawrence.pdf">"Symptom of Crisis or Engine of Development? The Mauritanian Informal Economic Sector"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Fletcher Journal of Development Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fletcher.tufts.edu/~/media/Fletcher/Microsites/praxis/xv/Lawrence.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Symptom+of+Crisis+or+Engine+of+Development%3F+The+Mauritanian+Informal+Economic+Sector&rft.pub=The+Fletcher+Journal+of+Development+Studies&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffletcher.tufts.edu%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFletcher%2FMicrosites%2Fpraxis%2Fxv%2FLawrence.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWD-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DWD_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DWD_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_614420_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Nouakchott / Mauretanien"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world</i> (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009193845/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_614420_kt.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseline+climate+means+%281961%E2%80%931990%29+from+stations+all+over+the+world&rft.atitle=Klimatafel+von+Nouakchott+%2F+Mauretanien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_614420_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastinClarkElliottHart2019" class="citation journal cs1">Bastin, Jean-Francois; Clark, Emily; Elliott, Thomas; Hart, Simon; van den Hoogen, Johan; Hordijk, Iris; Ma, Haozhi; Majumder, Sabiha; Manoli, Gabriele; Maschler, Julia; Mo, Lidong; Routh, Devin; Yu, Kailiang; Zohner, Constantin M.; Thomas W., Crowther (10 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6619606">"Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>14</b> (7). S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PLoSO..1417592B">2019PLoSO..1417592B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0217592">10.1371/journal.pone.0217592</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6619606">6619606</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31291249">31291249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Understanding+climate+change+from+a+global+analysis+of+city+analogues&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=S2+Table.+Summary+statistics+of+the+global+analysis+of+city+analogues.&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6619606%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31291249&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0217592&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019PLoSO..1417592B&rft.aulast=Bastin&rft.aufirst=Jean-Francois&rft.au=Clark%2C+Emily&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Hart%2C+Simon&rft.au=van+den+Hoogen%2C+Johan&rft.au=Hordijk%2C+Iris&rft.au=Ma%2C+Haozhi&rft.au=Majumder%2C+Sabiha&rft.au=Manoli%2C+Gabriele&rft.au=Maschler%2C+Julia&rft.au=Mo%2C+Lidong&rft.au=Routh%2C+Devin&rft.au=Yu%2C+Kailiang&rft.au=Zohner%2C+Constantin+M.&rft.au=Thomas+W.%2C+Crowther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6619606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action">"Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action"</a>. Current vs. future cities. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action">the original</a> on 8 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+future%3A+visualizing+climate+change+to+inspire+action&rft.pages=Current+vs.+future+cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrowtherlab.pageflow.io%2Fcities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/">"The CAT Thermometer"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CAT+Thermometer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimateactiontracker.org%2Fglobal%2Fcat-thermometer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Hacen_JedIhaddadeneIhaddadeneElhadji_Sidi2020" class="citation journal cs1">El Hacen Jed, Mohamed; Ihaddadene, Razika; Ihaddadene, Nabila; Elhadji Sidi, Cheikh ELBanany; EL Bah, Menny (2020-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755008419302157">"Performance analysis of 954,809 kWp PV array of Sheikh Zayed solar power plant (Nouakchott, Mauritania)"</a>. <i>Renewable Energy Focus</i>. <b>32</b>: 45–54. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020REneF..32...45E">2020REneF..32...45E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ref.2019.11.002">10.1016/j.ref.2019.11.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1755-0084">1755-0084</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213995904">213995904</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+Energy+Focus&rft.atitle=Performance+analysis+of+954%2C809+kWp+PV+array+of+Sheikh+Zayed+solar+power+plant+%28Nouakchott%2C+Mauritania%29&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=45-54&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ref.2019.11.002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213995904%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1755-0084&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020REneF..32...45E&rft.aulast=El+Hacen+Jed&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.au=Ihaddadene%2C+Razika&rft.au=Ihaddadene%2C+Nabila&rft.au=Elhadji+Sidi%2C+Cheikh+ELBanany&rft.au=EL+Bah%2C+Menny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1755008419302157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasfarHaidaraMayoufAbdellahi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lasfar, Sara; Haidara, Fanta; Mayouf, Chiva; Abdellahi, Fatimatou Med; Elghorba, Mohamed; Wahid, Achraf; Kane, Cheikh Sid Ethmane (2021-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082621000569">"Study of the influence of dust deposits on photovoltaic solar panels: Case of Nouakchott"</a>. <i>Energy for Sustainable Development</i>. <b>63</b>: 7–15. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ESusD..63....7L">2021ESusD..63....7L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.esd.2021.05.002">10.1016/j.esd.2021.05.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0973-0826">0973-0826</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236250729">236250729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=Study+of+the+influence+of+dust+deposits+on+photovoltaic+solar+panels%3A+Case+of+Nouakchott&rft.volume=63&rft.pages=7-15&rft.date=2021-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.esd.2021.05.002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A236250729%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0973-0826&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021ESusD..63....7L&rft.aulast=Lasfar&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.au=Haidara%2C+Fanta&rft.au=Mayouf%2C+Chiva&rft.au=Abdellahi%2C+Fatimatou+Med&rft.au=Elghorba%2C+Mohamed&rft.au=Wahid%2C+Achraf&rft.au=Kane%2C+Cheikh+Sid+Ethmane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0973082621000569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regions-francophones.org/actualite/2438/5606-la-region-de-nouakchott.htm">"La Région de Nouakchott"</a> (in French). <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Association_of_Francophone_Regions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Association of Francophone Regions (page does not exist)">International Association of Francophone Regions</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_internationale_des_r%C3%A9gions_francophones" class="extiw" title="fr:Association internationale des régions francophones">fr</a>]</span>. 1 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+R%C3%A9gion+de+Nouakchott&rft.pub=International+Association+of+Francophone+Regions%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bfr%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regions-francophones.org%2Factualite%2F2438%2F5606-la-region-de-nouakchott.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://res-myceni.org/#/">"MyCeni - Résultats 2023"</a>. <i>res-myceni.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=res-myceni.org&rft.atitle=MyCeni+-+R%C3%A9sultats+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fres-myceni.org%2F%23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011606/http://www.ami.mr/fr/bulletin20010701.htm">"Actualité du dimanche 01juillet 2001"</a>. Ami.mr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ami.mr/fr/bulletin20010701.htm">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Actualit%C3%A9+du+dimanche+01juillet+2001&rft.pub=Ami.mr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ami.mr%2Ffr%2Fbulletin20010701.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statoids-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statoids_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw" class="citation web cs1">Law, Gwillim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statoids.com/umr.html">"Regions of Mauritania"</a>. <i>Statoids</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627164123/http://www.statoids.com/umr.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statoids&rft.atitle=Regions+of+Mauritania&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Gwillim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statoids.com%2Fumr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.alakhbar.info/9671-0-Mauritanie-la-capitale-Nouakchott-sera-decoupee-en-trois-regions.html">"Mauritanie: la capitale Nouakchott, sera découpée en trois wilayas"</a>. Alakhbar. 26 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016083310/http://fr.alakhbar.info/9671-0-Mauritanie-la-capitale-Nouakchott-sera-decoupee-en-trois-regions.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mauritanie%3A+la+capitale+Nouakchott%2C+sera+d%C3%A9coup%C3%A9e+en+trois+wilayas&rft.pub=Alakhbar&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.alakhbar.info%2F9671-0-Mauritanie-la-capitale-Nouakchott-sera-decoupee-en-trois-regions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lecalame.info/?q=node/1184">"Les trois wali de Nouakchott connus"</a>. le calame. 12 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214184344/http://lecalame.info/?q=node%2F1184">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+trois+wali+de+Nouakchott+connus&rft.pub=le+calame&rft.date=2014-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flecalame.info%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F1184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=83724">"City versus slum"</a>. <i>IRIN</i>. 31 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613015533/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=83724">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRIN&rft.atitle=City+versus+slum&rft.date=2009-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2Freport.aspx%3FReportID%3D83724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecomena-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ecomena_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecomena.org/tag/slums/">"The City of Nouakchott – Perspectives and Challenges"</a>. EcoMENA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203230640/http://www.ecomena.org/tag/slums/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+City+of+Nouakchott+%E2%80%93+Perspectives+and+Challenges&rft.pub=EcoMENA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecomena.org%2Ftag%2Fslums%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wb_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203225806/http://lnweb90.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/DocUNIDViewForJavaSearch/8525682E0068603785257B3D00720810?opendocument">"Implementation Completion Report (ICR) Review - Urban Development Program"</a>. World Bank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lnweb90.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/DocUNIDViewForJavaSearch/8525682E0068603785257B3D00720810?opendocument">the original</a> on 3 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Implementation+Completion+Report+%28ICR%29+Review+-+Urban+Development+Program&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flnweb90.worldbank.org%2Foed%2Foeddoclib.nsf%2FDocUNIDViewForJavaSearch%2F8525682E0068603785257B3D00720810%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/mauritania/cities/">"Mauritania: Regions, Cities & Urban Localites - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Mauritania%3A+Regions%2C+Cities+%26+Urban+Localites+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Maps%2C+Charts%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fmauritania%2Fcities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/mauritania/nouakchott">"Nouakchott, Mauritania Population 2024"</a>. <i>worldpopulationreview.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldpopulationreview.com&rft.atitle=Nouakchott%2C+Mauritania+Population+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcities%2Fmauritania%2Fnouakchott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandandgravel.com/news/article.asp?v1=11604">"China to Invest US$282 Million in Nouakchott Port Expansion - Dredging News Online"</a>. <i>www.sandandgravel.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119120001/http://www.sandandgravel.com/news/article.asp?v1=11604">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sandandgravel.com&rft.atitle=China+to+Invest+US%24282+Million+in+Nouakchott+Port+Expansion+-+Dredging+News+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandandgravel.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.asp%3Fv1%3D11604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/250361468052152298/pdf/650800PID0MAUR0port0of0Nouakchott0rev.pdf">"Mauritania - Port of Nouakchott Development Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The World Bank: Documents and Reports</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182450/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/250361468052152298/pdf/650800PID0MAUR0port0of0Nouakchott0rev.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Bank%3A+Documents+and+Reports&rft.atitle=Mauritania+-+Port+of+Nouakchott+Development+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F250361468052152298%2Fpdf%2F650800PID0MAUR0port0of0Nouakchott0rev.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jeuneafrique-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jeuneafrique_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/337110/economie/mauritanie-inauguration-nouvel-aeroport-international-de-nouakchott/">"Mauritanie : inauguration du nouvel aéroport international de Nouakchott"</a> [Inauguration of new Nouakchott international airport]. <i><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Afrique" title="Jeune Afrique">Jeune Afrique</a></i> (in French). 27 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701074044/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/337110/economie/mauritanie-inauguration-nouvel-aeroport-international-de-nouakchott">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jeune+Afrique&rft.atitle=Mauritanie+%3A+inauguration+du+nouvel+a%C3%A9roport+international+de+Nouakchott&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2F337110%2Feconomie%2Fmauritanie-inauguration-nouvel-aeroport-international-de-nouakchott%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteck" class="citation web cs1">Steck, Benjamin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echogeo.revues.org/pdf/13101">"West Africa Facing the Lack of Traffic Lanes: A Study Case: The Nouakchott-Nouadhibou Road (Mauritania)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122153519/http://echogeo.revues.org/pdf/13101">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Africa+Facing+the+Lack+of+Traffic+Lanes%3A+A+Study+Case%3A+The+Nouakchott-Nouadhibou+Road+%28Mauritania%29&rft.aulast=Steck&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fechogeo.revues.org%2Fpdf%2F13101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pazzanita-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pazzanita_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pazzanita_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPazzanita1996" class="citation book cs1">Pazzanita, Anthony G. (1996). <i>Historical dictionary of Mauritania</i> (2. ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-3095-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-3095-7"><bdi>0-8108-3095-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Mauritania&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.edition=2.&rft.pub=Scarecrow&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8108-3095-7&rft.aulast=Pazzanita&rft.aufirst=Anthony+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tram-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tram_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alakhbar.info/?q=node/41742">"مذكرة تفاهم بإنشاء قطار في نواكشوط"</a> [Memorandum of Understanding to establish a train in Nouakchott]. <i>AlAkhbar.info</i> (in Arabic). 2022-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AlAkhbar.info&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85+%D8%A8%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7&rft.date=2022-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falakhbar.info%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F41742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://northafricapost.com/71602-mauritania-extends-for-six-months-mou-with-cairo-based-arab-contractor-to-build-tramway-in-nouakchott.html">"Mauritania extends for six months MoU with Cairo-based Arab Contractor to build tramway in Nouakchott – The North Africa Post"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mauritania+extends+for+six+months+MoU+with+Cairo-based+Arab+Contractor+to+build+tramway+in+Nouakchott+%E2%80%93+The+North+Africa+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorthafricapost.com%2F71602-mauritania-extends-for-six-months-mou-with-cairo-based-arab-contractor-to-build-tramway-in-nouakchott.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aisnmauritania.com/">"American International School of Nouakchott"</a>. Aisnmauritania.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807064456/http://aisnmauritania.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+International+School+of+Nouakchott&rft.pub=Aisnmauritania.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faisnmauritania.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tlcmauritania.com/">"TLC International School – Where A World of Ideas Comes Together"</a>. January 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TLC+International+School+%E2%80%93+Where+A+World+of+Ideas+Comes+Together&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tlcmauritania.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lftm-mr.net/">"Lycée Français Théodore Monod de Nouakchott, Mauritanie"</a>. Lftm-mr.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171030075524/http://www.lftm-mr.net/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lyc%C3%A9e+Fran%C3%A7ais+Th%C3%A9odore+Monod+de+Nouakchott%2C+Mauritanie&rft.pub=Lftm-mr.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flftm-mr.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/mauritania/nouakchott/attractions">https://www.lonelyplanet.com/mauritania/nouakchott/attractions</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lp-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lp_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHam2006" class="citation book cs1">Ham, Anthony (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westafrica00hama"><i>West Africa</i></a> (6th ed.). Footscray, Vic.: Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1740597710" title="Special:BookSources/1740597710"><bdi>1740597710</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+Africa&rft.place=Footscray%2C+Vic.&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1740597710&rft.aulast=Ham&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwestafrica00hama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119181936/https://whatsthecapitalof.com/2016/09/11/nouakchott-mauritania-the-place-of-the-winds/">"Nouakchott, Mauritania – "The Place of the Winds"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>What's the Capital of...?</i>. 11 September 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatsthecapitalof.com/2016/09/11/nouakchott-mauritania-the-place-of-the-winds/">the original</a> on 19 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=What%27s+the+Capital+of...%3F&rft.atitle=Nouakchott%2C+Mauritania+%E2%80%93+%22The+Place+of+the+Winds%22&rft.date=2016-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhatsthecapitalof.com%2F2016%2F09%2F11%2Fnouakchott-mauritania-the-place-of-the-winds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Britannica, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mauritania">Mauritania</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190409103738/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mauritania">Archived</a> 2019-04-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182216/http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Herramientas/English/Madrid-International?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=97806a71fca62410VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=29367421ee261510VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&idCapitulo=7189053">"Twinnings and Agreements With Cities"</a>. <i>¡Madrid!</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Herramientas/English/Madrid-International?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=97806a71fca62410VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=29367421ee261510VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&idCapitulo=7189053">the original</a> on 19 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C2%A1Madrid%21&rft.atitle=Twinnings+and+Agreements+With+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madrid.es%2Fportales%2Fmunimadrid%2Fes%2FInicio%2FHerramientas%2FEnglish%2FMadrid-International%3Fvgnextfmt%3Ddefault%26vgnextoid%3D97806a71fca62410VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD%26vgnextchannel%3D29367421ee261510VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD%26idCapitulo%3D7189053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080102224333/http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/english/relations/r12.asp">"Amman's Relations with Other Cities"</a>. <i>Municipality of Greater Annam</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/english/relations/r12.asp">the original</a> on 2 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Municipality+of+Greater+Annam&rft.atitle=Amman%27s+Relations+with+Other+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammancity.gov.jo%2Fenglish%2Frelations%2Fr12.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gansu.chinadaily.com.cn/2013-10/24/content_17055490.htm">"List of Gansu's Sister Cities by 2012"</a>. <i>gansu.chinadaily.com.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706145828/http://gansu.chinadaily.com.cn/2013-10/24/content_17055490.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gansu.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=List+of+Gansu%27s+Sister+Cities+by+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgansu.chinadaily.com.cn%2F2013-10%2F24%2Fcontent_17055490.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANouakchott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Nouakchott#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Nouakchott">Bibliography of the history of Nouakchott</a></div> <ul><li>Armelle Choplin et Riccardo Ciavolella, 2008. " Marges de la ville en marge du politique ? Logiques d’exclusion, de dépendance et d’autonomie à Nouakchott (Mauritanie) », Autrepart, n°45. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Choplin A., 2006. <i>Fabriquer des villes-capitales entre monde arabe et Afrique noire: Nouakchott (Mauritanie) et Khartoum (Soudan), étude comparée</i>. Université Paris 1, 535 p. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Choplin A., 2006. <i>Le foncier urbain en Afrique: entre informel et rationnel, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">l’exemple</i></span> de Nouakchott, Mauritanie</i>, <a href="/wiki/Les_annales_de_g%C3%A9ographie" class="mw-redirect" title="Les annales de géographie">Les annales de géographie</a>, n°647, pp. 69–91. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Anne-Marie Frérot, <i>Nouakchott, du puits nomade à la ville des pétroliers. Risques et représentations</i>, <i>Maghreb-Machrek</i>, n°190, c. December 2006 – 2007. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Philippe Tanguy, « L'urbanisation irrégulière à Nouakchott: 1960-2000 », <i>Insaniyat</i>, n°22, October - December 2003, (vol. VII, 4). <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Diagana I., 1993. <i>Croissance urbaine et dynamique spatiale à Nouakchott, Thèse doct.</i>: géographie: Lyon II, 314 p. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Pitte J.-R., 1977. <i>Nouakchott, capitale de la Mauritanie</i>. Paris : Univ. de Paris-Sorbonne, p. 200. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Mohamed Salem Ideidbi, Mauritanie : la Richesse d'une nation, Nouakchott, al-Manar, 2011.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crn.mr/fr/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3688#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in French and Arabic)</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Nouakchott</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nouakchott" class="extiw" title="c:Nouakchott">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nouakchott" class="extiw" title="voy:Nouakchott">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Mauritania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Mauritania" title="Template:Regions of Mauritania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Mauritania" title="Template talk:Regions of Mauritania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Mauritania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Mauritania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Mauritania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Mauritania" title="Regions of Mauritania">Regions of Mauritania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrar_Region" title="Adrar Region">Adrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assaba_Region" title="Assaba Region">Assaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakna_Region" title="Brakna Region">Brakna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakhlet_Nouadhibou_Region" title="Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region">Dakhlet Nouadhibou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgol_Region" title="Gorgol Region">Gorgol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidimaka_Region" title="Guidimaka Region">Guidimaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodh_Ech_Chargui_Region" title="Hodh Ech Chargui Region">Hodh Ech Chargui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodh_El_Gharbi_Region" title="Hodh El Gharbi Region">Hodh El Gharbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchiri_Region" title="Inchiri Region">Inchiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Nord_Region" title="Nouakchott-Nord Region">Nouakchott-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Ouest_Region" title="Nouakchott-Ouest Region">Nouakchott-Ouest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott-Sud_Region" title="Nouakchott-Sud Region">Nouakchott-Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagant_Region" title="Tagant Region">Tagant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiris_Zemmour_Region" title="Tiris Zemmour Region">Tiris Zemmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trarza_Region" title="Trarza Region">Trarza</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/50px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/75px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/100px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nouakchott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiris_al-Gharbiyya" title="Tiris al-Gharbiyya">Tiris al-Gharbiyya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template talk:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of African countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Rep. of the Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune">El Aaiún</a></b> (claimed)/<b><a href="/wiki/Tifariti" title="Tifariti">Tifariti</a></b> (factual), <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">D.R. Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">legislative</a>), <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nouakchott</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">legislative</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeal_(South_Africa)" title="Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)">judicial</a>), <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Seychelles" title="Victoria, Seychelles">Victoria</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a></b> (political)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a></b> (economic), <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Arab_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Arab_countries" title="Template:Capitals of Arab countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Arab_countries" title="Template talk:Capitals of Arab countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Arab_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Arab countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Arab_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab countries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Africa</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Asia</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:0.3em;width:50%;"><div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li></ul> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i><sup>1</sup></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nouakchott</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:0.3em;width:50%;"><div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></b> <small>(proclaimed)</small>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a><br /></li><li> <b><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></b> <small>(de facto)</small><sup>1</sup></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3688#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3688#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3688#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140479466">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr3BkDfXf486Q47RPChHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117931-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79060587">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nouakchott (Mauritánie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge581554&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562088305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/81e1ef6b-e78c-4d7c-bd2d-fd76598bd413">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/nouakchott">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&oldid=1255113415">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&oldid=1255113415</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nouakchott" title="Category:Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Capitals_in_Africa" title="Category:Capitals in Africa">Capitals in Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_communities" title="Category:Planned communities">Planned communities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_coastal_places_in_Mauritania" title="Category:Populated coastal places in Mauritania">Populated coastal places in Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Mauritania" title="Category:Populated places in Mauritania">Populated places in Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1659" title="Category:Populated places established in 1659">Populated places established in 1659</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)">CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Wolof-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Wolof-language text">Articles containing Wolof-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Pulaar-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Pulaar-language text">Articles containing Pulaar-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Soninke-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Soninke-language text">Articles containing Soninke-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Hassaniyya_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Hassaniyya IPA">Pages with Hassaniyya IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_text_in_Berber_languages" title="Category:Articles with text in Berber languages">Articles with text in Berber languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2023" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_1999" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1999">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:Articles with Arabic-language sources (ar)">Articles with Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 November 2024, at 06:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nouakchott&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zdzzs","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.383","walltime":"1.759","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12446,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":249168,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":20958,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":21,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":238644,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1561.097 1 -total"," 31.50% 491.684 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 27.32% 426.433 1 Template:Infobox"," 24.05% 375.391 1 Template:Reflist"," 9.46% 147.701 34 Template:Cite_web"," 7.95% 124.071 9 Template:Cite_book"," 7.26% 113.289 2 Template:Navbox"," 7.11% 110.930 1 Template:Ubl"," 6.86% 107.023 4 Template:Native_name"," 6.26% 97.709 1 Template:Regions_of_Mauritania"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.824","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22871353,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-wnqzg","timestamp":"20241122192556","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Nouakchott","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nouakchott","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3688","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3688","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-05-07T00:17:25Z","dateModified":"2024-11-03T06:01:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6f\/Nouakchott.jpg","headline":"capital of Mauritania"}</script> </body> </html>