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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> Fragaria vesca, commonly called the wild strawberry, woodland strawberry, Alpine strawberry, Carpathian strawberry or European strawberry, is a <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous plant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">rose family</a> that grows naturally throughout much of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>, and that produces edible fruits.<a href="#cite_note-Sullivan2015-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-PLANTS-3">[3]</a> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Fragaria vesca </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_Fragaria_vesca0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Illustration_Fragaria_vesca0.jpg/220px-Illustration_Fragaria_vesca0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Illustration_Fragaria_vesca0.jpg/330px-Illustration_Fragaria_vesca0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Illustration_Fragaria_vesca0.jpg/440px-Illustration_Fragaria_vesca0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="2353"></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Fragaria" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fragaria" title="Fragaria">Fragaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">F. vesca</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Fragaria vesca <div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a><a href="#cite_note-POWO_30074127-2-1">[1]</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> The Latin <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">specific epithet</a> vesca may mean "thin, feeble",<a href="#cite_note-RHSLG-4">[4]</a> however it likely derives in the sense of "edible" from vescere "to eat, feed upon".<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Description">1 Description</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Taxonomy">2 Taxonomy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Subspecies">2.1 Subspecies</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Ecology">3 Ecology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Genomics">4 Genomics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#History,_cultivation_and_uses">5 History, cultivation and uses</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Garden_varieties_currently_in_cultivation">5.1 Garden varieties currently in cultivation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Chemistry">6 Chemistry</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also">7 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References">8 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links">9 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Five to eleven soft, hairy white flowers are borne on a green, soft fresh-hairy 3–15 centimetres (1–6 in) stalk that usually lifts them above the leaves. The light-green leaves are trifoliate (in threes) with toothed margins. The plant spreads mostly by means of runners (<a href="/wiki/Stolon" title="Stolon">stolons</a>), but the seeds are viable and establish new populations.<a href="#cite_note-Klinkenberg2014-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-WTU_Herbarium2015-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jepson-8">[8]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <a href="/wiki/Vilmorin" title="Vilmorin">Vilmorin-Andrieux</a> (1885) makes a distinction between wild or wood strawberries (Fragaria vesca) and alpine strawberries (Fragaria alpina),<a href="#cite_note-Vilmorin1885-9">[9]</a> a distinction which is not made by most seed companies or nurseries, which usually sell Fragaria vesca as "alpine strawberry". Under wild or wood strawberry, Vilmorin says: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">It has seldom been seen in gardens since the introduction of the Red Alpine Strawberry. ... Wood Strawberry possesses a quite particular perfume and delicacy of flavour. 2,500 seeds to the gramme.</blockquote> Under alpine strawberry, Vilmorin says: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">A very different plant to the Wood Strawberry, and distinguished by the greater size of all its parts — the fruit in particular — and especially by the property (which is particular to it) of producing flowers and fruit continuously all through the summer. ... The fruit has nearly the same appearance and flavour as that of the Wood Strawberry, but is generally larger, longer, and more pointed in shape. The seed is also perceptibly larger and longer. A gramme contains only about 1,500 seeds.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subspecies">Subspecies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subspecies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of November 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a> accepts two subspecies in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Autonym_(botany)" title="Autonym (botany)">autonym</a>, Fragaria vesca ssp. vesca:<a href="#cite_note-POWO_30074127-2-1">[1]</a> <ul><li>Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt</li> <li>Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (A.Heller) Staudt</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_(Fragaria_vesca)_f001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%28Fragaria_vesca%29_f001.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%28Fragaria_vesca%29_f001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2726" data-file-height="2063"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%28Fragaria_vesca%29_f001.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%28Fragaria_vesca%29_f001.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%28Fragaria_vesca%29_f001.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%28Fragaria_vesca%29_f001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%28Fragaria_vesca%29_f001.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%28Fragaria_vesca%29_f001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Wild strawberry fruits collected in the forest in the Middle Urals</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragaria_vesca_LC0389.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Fragaria_vesca_LC0389.jpg/220px-Fragaria_vesca_LC0389.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2134"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Fragaria_vesca_LC0389.jpg/220px-Fragaria_vesca_LC0389.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Fragaria_vesca_LC0389.jpg/330px-Fragaria_vesca_LC0389.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Fragaria_vesca_LC0389.jpg/440px-Fragaria_vesca_LC0389.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Fragaria vesca, fruiting plant</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragaria_vesca_-_metsmaasikas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fragaria_vesca_-_metsmaasikas.jpg/220px-Fragaria_vesca_-_metsmaasikas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4971" data-file-height="3590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fragaria_vesca_-_metsmaasikas.jpg/220px-Fragaria_vesca_-_metsmaasikas.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fragaria_vesca_-_metsmaasikas.jpg/330px-Fragaria_vesca_-_metsmaasikas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fragaria_vesca_-_metsmaasikas.jpg/440px-Fragaria_vesca_-_metsmaasikas.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Wild strawberry in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakri_Peninsula" title="Pakri Peninsula">Pakri Peninsula</a></figcaption></figure> Typical habitat is along <a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">trails</a> and roadsides, embankments, hillsides, stone- and gravel-laid paths and roads, meadows, young woodlands, sparse forest, woodland edges, and <a href="/wiki/Glade_(geography)" title="Glade (geography)">clearings</a>. Often plants can be found where they do not get sufficient light to form fruit. In the southern part of its range, it can grow only in shady areas; further north it tolerates more sun.<a href="#cite_note-fire-10">[10]</a> It is tolerant of a variety of moisture levels (except very wet or dry conditions).<a href="#cite_note-fire-10">[10]</a> It can survive mild fires and/or establish itself after fires.<a href="#cite_note-fire-10">[10]</a> Although F. vesca primarily propagates via <a href="/wiki/Stolon" title="Stolon">runners</a>, viable seeds are also found in <a href="/wiki/Soil_seed_bank" title="Soil seed bank">soil seed banks</a> and seem to germinate when the soil is disturbed (away from existing populations of F. vesca).<a href="#cite_note-fire-10">[10]</a> Its leaves serve as significant food source for a variety of <a href="/wiki/Ungulate" title="Ungulate">ungulates</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">mule deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a>, and the fruit are eaten by a variety of mammals and birds that also help to distribute the seeds in their droppings.<a href="#cite_note-fire-10">[10]</a> It is a larval host to the <a href="/wiki/Two-banded_checkered_skipper" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-banded checkered skipper">two-banded checkered skipper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Genomics">Genomics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Genomics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043345449">.mw-parser-output .ib-genome{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-image{padding:0.3em;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-label{padding:0.2em 0.3em;background-color:#f1EBf1;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-genome .infobox-full-data{padding:0.2em 0.3em;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox ib-genome"><caption class="infobox-title">Genomic information</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> genome ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=3314">3314</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">Ploidy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">diploid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Genome_project" title="Genome project">Year of completion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2010</td></tr></tbody></table> The wild strawberry is used as an indicator plant for diseases that affect the garden strawberry. It is also used as a genetic <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">model plant</a> for garden strawberry and the family Rosaceae in general, due to its: <ul><li>very small genome size</li> <li>short reproductive cycle (14–15 weeks in climate-controlled greenhouses)</li> <li>ease of propagation.</li></ul> The genome of F. vesca was sequenced in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and with greater detail and accuracy in 2017 by the Knapp <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Davis_breeding_of_strawberry" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California Davis breeding of strawberry">UC Davis program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wood-Straw-13">[13]</a> All strawberry (<a href="/wiki/Fragaria" title="Fragaria">Fragaria</a>) species have a base <a href="/wiki/Haploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Haploid">haploid</a> count of seven <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a>; Fragaria vesca is <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</a>, having two pairs of these chromosomes for a total of 14. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragaria_vesca_Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fragaria_vesca_Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD_1.jpg/220px-Fragaria_vesca_Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1739"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fragaria_vesca_Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD_1.jpg/220px-Fragaria_vesca_Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fragaria_vesca_Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD_1.jpg/330px-Fragaria_vesca_Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fragaria_vesca_Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD_1.jpg/440px-Fragaria_vesca_Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Flower close-up</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragaria_vesca_5044.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fragaria_vesca_5044.JPG/220px-Fragaria_vesca_5044.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fragaria_vesca_5044.JPG/220px-Fragaria_vesca_5044.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fragaria_vesca_5044.JPG/330px-Fragaria_vesca_5044.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fragaria_vesca_5044.JPG/440px-Fragaria_vesca_5044.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Leaf close-up</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walderdbeere_Frucht-20210617-RM-124006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Walderdbeere_Frucht-20210617-RM-124006.jpg/220px-Walderdbeere_Frucht-20210617-RM-124006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3682" data-file-height="5052"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 302px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Walderdbeere_Frucht-20210617-RM-124006.jpg/220px-Walderdbeere_Frucht-20210617-RM-124006.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="302" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Walderdbeere_Frucht-20210617-RM-124006.jpg/330px-Walderdbeere_Frucht-20210617-RM-124006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Walderdbeere_Frucht-20210617-RM-124006.jpg/440px-Walderdbeere_Frucht-20210617-RM-124006.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Fruit close-up</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragaria_vesca_seeds_USDA-ARS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fragaria_vesca_seeds_USDA-ARS.jpg/220px-Fragaria_vesca_seeds_USDA-ARS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fragaria_vesca_seeds_USDA-ARS.jpg/220px-Fragaria_vesca_seeds_USDA-ARS.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fragaria_vesca_seeds_USDA-ARS.jpg/330px-Fragaria_vesca_seeds_USDA-ARS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fragaria_vesca_seeds_USDA-ARS.jpg/440px-Fragaria_vesca_seeds_USDA-ARS.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Seeds close-up</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="History,_cultivation_and_uses">History, cultivation and uses</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History, cultivation and uses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Evidence from archaeological excavations suggests that Fragaria vesca has been consumed by humans since the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Woodland strawberry fruit is strongly flavored, and is still collected and grown for domestic use and on a small scale commercially for the use of <a href="/wiki/Gourmet" title="Gourmet">gourmets</a> and as an ingredient for commercial jam, sauces, liqueurs, cosmetics and alternative medicine. In Turkey, hundreds of tons of wild fruit are harvested annually, mainly for export.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Most of the cultivated varieties have a long flowering period (and have been considered by botanists as belonging to Fragaria vesca var. vesca ssp. semperflorens). They are usually called alpine strawberries. They either form runners or multiple crowns in a cluster, fruit over a very long period with larger fruit than the common wood strawberry, and are usually propagated by seeds or division of the plants. The type in cultivation is usually everbearing and produces few <a href="/wiki/Stolon" title="Stolon">runners</a>. Plants tend to lose vigour after a few years due to their abundant fruiting and flowering with final decline caused by viral diseases.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Large-fruiting forms are known since the 18th century and were called "Fressant" in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Some cultivars have fruit that are white or yellow when fully ripe, instead of the normal red. Cultivars that form <a href="/wiki/Stolon" title="Stolon">stolons</a> are often used as <a href="/wiki/Groundcover" title="Groundcover">groundcover</a>, while cultivars that do not may be used as border plants. Some cultivars are bred for their ornamental value. Hybrids, <a href="/wiki/Fragaria_%C3%97_vescana" title="Fragaria × vescana">Fragaria × vescana</a>, have been created from crosses between woodland strawberry and garden strawberry. Hybrids between the woodland strawberry and the European species <a href="/wiki/Fragaria_viridis" title="Fragaria viridis">Fragaria viridis</a> were in cultivation until around 1850, but are now lost.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Alpine strawberry has an undeserved reputation among home gardeners as hard to grow from seed, often with rumors of long and sporadic germination times, cold pre-chilling requirements, etc.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In reality, with proper handling of the very small seeds (which can easily be washed away with rough watering), 80% germination rates at 70 °F (21 °C) in 1–2 weeks are easily achievable.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Alpine strawberries are sometimes included as edging plants in <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_border" title="Herbaceous border">herbaceous borders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garden_varieties_currently_in_cultivation">Garden varieties currently in cultivation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Garden varieties currently in cultivation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <dl><dt>Seed-propagated</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Rügen, the first modern cultivar, i.e., runnerless, everbearing and large fruited — originating from Castle Putbus in Germany, first offered 1920 by the strawberry grower Emil Spangenberg from Morsleben.</li> <li>Alexandria, first offered 1964 by George W. Park Seed Co., USA</li> <li>Baron Solemacher, first offered 1935 by F. C. Heinemann, Germany</li> <li>Weisse Solemacher (white fruited) first offered by F. C. Heinemann</li> <li>Golden Alexandria (golden foliage).</li></ul> <dl><dt>Cultivars</dt> <dd></dd></dl> Forms with runners are still found in old gardens. <ul><li>Quarantaine de Prin, France; commercially important before World War I, but now almost extinct; maybe identical to the variety Erigée de Poitou which was still offered around 1960.</li> <li>Blanc Amélioré, Great Britain; white-fruited; it is doubtful if the clone in circulation today is identical to the historical variety from around 1900 because of its non-everbearing habit; nevertheless a good variety with rather large, sometimes monstrous fruit of the Fressant type.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illa_Martin" title="Illa Martin">Illa Martin</a>, Germany; sold as an ornamental, white-fruited. Red achenes have been reported but have not been found. Most plants in circulation not true to name.</li> <li>Gartenfreude, Germany; large-fruited form, sometimes very large monstrous fruit of the Fressant type.</li></ul> Curious mutations have arisen and are sometimes grown by <a href="/wiki/Plantsman" title="Plantsman">plantsmen</a> and other connoisseurs of the unusual: <ul><li>Monophylla (“Strawberry of Versailles”; has one large leaflet instead of the normal three leaflets)<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> - Vilmorin-Andrieux (1885) stated as being raised by Duchesne.<a href="#cite_note-Vilmorin1885-9">[9]</a></li> <li>Multiplex (double flowered; sets less and smaller fruit)</li> <li>Muricata (“Plymouth strawberry”; the flowers are composed of numerous small, leafy bracts; the fruit are similarly spiky).</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chemistry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> F. vesca contains the ellagitannin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrimoniin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrimoniin (page does not exist)">agrimoniin</a> which is an isomer of <a href="/wiki/Sanguiin_H-6" title="Sanguiin H-6">sanguiin H-6</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musk_strawberry" title="Musk strawberry">Musk strawberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">Strawberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragaria_viridis" title="Fragaria viridis">Klubnika</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-POWO_30074127-2-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_30074127-2_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_30074127-2_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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Food Chem., 60 (10): 2507–2516, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf2052256">10.1021/jf2052256</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22339338">22339338</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Agric.+Food+Chem.&rft.atitle=Clarifying+the+Identity+of+the+Main+Ellagitannin+in+the+Fruit+of+the+Strawberry%2C+Fragaria+vesca+and+Fragaria+ananassa+Duch.&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2507-2516&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf2052256&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22339338&rft.aulast=Vrhovsek&rft.aufirst=Urska&rft.au=Guella%2C+Graziano&rft.au=Gasperotti%2C+Mattia&rft.au=Pojer%2C+Elisa&rft.au=Zancato%2C+Mirella&rft.au=Mattivi%2C+Fulvio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFragaria+vesca" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Fragaria vesca">Fragaria vesca</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Fragaria+vesca">"Fragaria vesca"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">Plants for a Future</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+for+a+Future&rft.atitle=Fragaria+vesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpfaf.org%2Fuser%2FPlant.aspx%3FLatinName%3DFragaria%2Bvesca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFragaria+vesca" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipke.de/atBrigitte/brigitte/list.htm">Annotated List Alpine, Wild, and Musk Strawberry Varieties Currently in Cultivation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/plants/magnoliophyta/magnoliophytina/magnoliopsida/rosaceae/fragaria/index.html#vesca">www.funet.fi</a> Lists some insects it is foodplant for</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&oldid=1252971016">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&oldid=1252971016</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Fragaria_vesca&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 October 2024, at 19:25 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9" title="توت الأرض المزروع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توت الأرض المزروع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9F%C9%99_%C3%A7iy%C9%99l%C9%99yi" title="Meşə çiyələyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meşə çiyələyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Ҡайын еләге – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡайын еләге" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Суніцы лясныя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суніцы лясныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Горска ягода – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горска ягода" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maduixera" title="Maduixera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maduixera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahodn%C3%ADk_obecn%C3%BD" title="Jahodník obecný – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jahodník obecný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skovjordb%C3%A6r" title="Skovjordbær – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skovjordbær" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gieddemuorji" title="Gieddemuorji – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gieddemuorji" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wald-Erdbeere" title="Wald-Erdbeere – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wald-Erdbeere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glinicka" title="Glinicka – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Glinicka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metsmaasikas" title="Metsmaasikas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metsmaasikas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BF" title="Χαμοκέρασο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαμοκέρασο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbara_fragujo" title="Arbara fragujo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arbara fragujo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basamarrubi" title="Basamarrubi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Basamarrubi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="توت‌فرنگی وحشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توت‌فرنگی وحشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraisier_des_bois" title="Fraisier des bois – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fraisier des bois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylde_ierdbei" title="Wylde ierdbei – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wylde ierdbei" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BA_tal%C3%BAn_fhi%C3%A1in" title="Sú talún fhiáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sú talún fhiáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorodeira_brava" title="Amorodeira brava – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amorodeira brava" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%83%9D%EB%94%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="야생딸기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야생딸기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Գետնամորի անտառային – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գետնամորի անտառային" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%9Bsna_truskalca" title="Lěsna truskalca – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Lěsna truskalca" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0umska_jagoda" title="Šumska jagoda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šumska jagoda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A%C3%A6%D1%84" title="Хъæддаг æрыскъæф – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъæддаг æрыскъæф" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villijar%C3%B0arber" title="Villijarðarber – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Villijarðarber" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Адам джилек – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Адам джилек" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%90%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%81_%D8%B1%D9%B2%DA%86%DA%BE" title="یِنگہ رٲچھ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="یِنگہ رٲچھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasow%C3%B4_p%C3%B2tr%C3%B4wnica" title="Lasowô pòtrôwnica – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Lasowô pòtrôwnica" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%BEa_zemene" title="Meža zemene – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meža zemene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprastoji_%C5%BEemuog%C4%97" title="Paprastoji žemuogė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paprastoji žemuogė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdei_szam%C3%B3ca" title="Erdei szamóca – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erdei szamóca" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Шумска јагода – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шумска јагода" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9" title="توت الارض المزروع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توت الارض المزروع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="سرماک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سرماک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosaardbei" title="Bosaardbei – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bosaardbei" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1vela_salv%C3%A1teca" title="Frávela salváteca – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Frávela salváteca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markjordb%C3%A6r" title="Markjordbær – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Markjordbær" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markjordb%C3%A6r" title="Markjordbær – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Markjordbær" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poziomka_pospolita" title="Poziomka pospolita – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poziomka pospolita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morango-silvestre" title="Morango-silvestre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morango-silvestre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frag" title="Frag – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frag" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Земляника лесная – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Земляника лесная" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dredh%C3%ABza_e_malit" title="Dredhëza e malit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dredhëza e malit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahoda_oby%C4%8Dajn%C3%A1" title="Jahoda obyčajná – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jahoda obyčajná" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozdna_jagoda" title="Gozdna jagoda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gozdna jagoda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Шумска јагода – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шумска јагода" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0umska_jagoda" title="Šumska jagoda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šumska jagoda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahomansikka" title="Ahomansikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ahomansikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smultron" title="Smultron – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Smultron" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situl%C5%8Dpeli" title="Situlōpeli – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Situlōpeli" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%81_%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Нюлэс узы – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Нюлэс узы" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Суниці лісові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суниці лісові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fragaria vesca" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93" title="野草莓 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="野草莓" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E8%8D%89%E8%8E%93" title="野草莓 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="野草莓" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist 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