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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Samaritan_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritan_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Samaritan version </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritan_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biblical_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biblical_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Biblical versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biblical_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Josephus's_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Josephus's_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Josephus's version </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Josephus's_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dead_Sea_scrolls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dead_Sea_scrolls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Dead Sea scrolls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dead_Sea_scrolls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Modern scholarship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Persian_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Persian period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellenistic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellenistic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Hellenistic period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellenistic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Foreign rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes_and_Hellenization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes_and_Hellenization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Hellenization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes_and_Hellenization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destruction_of_the_temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_of_the_temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Destruction of the temple </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_of_the_temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Roman period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Byzantine period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Islamic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Islamic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Early Islamic period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Islamic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crusader_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusader_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Crusader period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusader_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Ayyubid and Mamluk rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Ottoman rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mandatory_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandatory_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Mandatory Palestine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandatory_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli,_Jordanian_and_Palestinian_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli,_Jordanian_and_Palestinian_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Israeli, Jordanian and Palestinian rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli,_Jordanian_and_Palestinian_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetic_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetic_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Genetic studies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Genetic_studies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Genetic studies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Genetic_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Samaritan_lineages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritan_lineages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Samaritan lineages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritan_lineages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Y-DNA_and_mtDNA_comparisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Y-DNA_and_mtDNA_comparisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Y-DNA and mtDNA comparisons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Y-DNA_and_mtDNA_comparisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Figures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_survival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_survival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Community survival </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_survival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samaritan_origins_of_Palestinian_Muslims_in_Nablus_and_its_vicinity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritan_origins_of_Palestinian_Muslims_in_Nablus_and_its_vicinity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Samaritan origins of Palestinian Muslims in Nablus and its vicinity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritan_origins_of_Palestinian_Muslims_in_Nablus_and_its_vicinity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samaritanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Samaritanism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Samaritanism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Samaritanism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Samaritanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location_of_sacrifice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location_of_sacrifice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Location of sacrifice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location_of_sacrifice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Religious beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_to_Rabbinic_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_to_Rabbinic_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Relationship to Rabbinic Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_to_Rabbinic_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Religious texts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_sources:_New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_sources:_New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Christian sources: New Testament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_sources:_New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Samaritans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Samaritans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notable Samaritans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Samaritans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Samaritans</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" > 65 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritane" title="Samaritane – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Samaritane" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritaner" title="Samaritaner – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Samaritaner" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="سامريون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سامريون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritanos" title="Samaritanos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Samaritanos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="শমরীয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শমরীয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Samaria" title="Urang Samaria – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Urang Samaria" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Самаране – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Самаране" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritano" title="Samaritano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Samaritano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Самаряни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Самаряни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritaned" title="Samaritaned – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Samaritaned" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Samaritans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarit%C3%A1ni" title="Samaritáni – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Samaritáni" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samariaid" title="Samariaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Samariaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritaner" title="Samaritaner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Samaritaner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritaner" title="Samaritaner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samaritaner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Σαμαρείτες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαμαρείτες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritanos" title="Samaritanos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Samaritanos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarianoj" title="Samarianoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Samarianoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samariar" title="Samariar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Samariar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="سامری‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامری‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%C3%A1riab%C3%BAgvar" title="Samáriabúgvar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Samáriabúgvar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritains" title="Samaritains – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Samaritains" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritanos" title="Samaritanos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Samaritanos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8" title="사마리아인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사마리아인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritanci" title="Samaritanci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Samaritanci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Samaria" title="Orang Samaria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Samaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritani" title="Samaritani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Samaritani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שומרונים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שומרונים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritani" title="Samaritani – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Samaritani" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarie%C5%A1i" title="Samarieši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Samarieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarie%C4%8Diai" title="Samariečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Samariečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritane" title="Samaritane – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Samaritane" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szamarit%C3%A1nusok" title="Szamaritánusok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szamaritánusok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritana" title="Samaritana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Samaritana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="ശമരിയർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശമരിയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="السامريين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="السامريين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Samaria" title="Orang Samaria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Samaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritanen" title="Samaritanen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Samaritanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E4%BA%BA" title="サマリア人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サマリア人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritaner" title="Samaritaner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samaritaner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritanarar" title="Samaritanarar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samaritanarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سامری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سامری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سامریان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سامریان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan" title="Samaritan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Samaritan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarytanie" title="Samarytanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samarytanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritanos" title="Samaritanos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samaritanos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samariteni" title="Samariteni – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Samariteni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Самаритяне – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самаритяне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Samaritans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarijani" title="Samarijani – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Samarijani" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Самарићани – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Самарићани" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritanci" title="Samaritanci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Samaritanci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarialaiset" title="Samarialaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Samarialaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarier" title="Samarier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samarier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritano" title="Samaritano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Samaritano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="சமாரியர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமாரியர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="สะมาริตัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สะมาริตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2mir%C3%AEler" title="Sâmirîler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sâmirîler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Самаряни – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Самаряни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سامری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سامری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Samari" title="Người Samari – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Samari" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritano" title="Samaritano – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Samaritano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="撒马利亚人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="撒马利亚人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%92%92%E7%91%AA%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="撒瑪利亞人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="撒瑪利亞人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="撒馬利亞人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="撒馬利亞人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182651#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnoreligious group native to the Levant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ethnoreligious group. For their religion, see <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a>. For the confederation of ancient Iranian peoples, see <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Samaritan (disambiguation)">Samaritan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Samaritans</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="smp"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r866777279">.mw-parser-output .script-samaritan{font-family:"Noto Sans Samaritan","Hebrew Samaritan","Everson Mono",EversonMono,Unifont,Quivira,sans-serif;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:bidi-override}</style>ࠔࠌࠓࠉࠌ‎ שומרונים السامريون</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaritans_marking_Passover_on_Mount_Gerizim,_West_Bank_-_20060418.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Samaritans_marking_Passover_on_Mount_Gerizim%2C_West_Bank_-_20060418.jpg/300px-Samaritans_marking_Passover_on_Mount_Gerizim%2C_West_Bank_-_20060418.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Samaritans_marking_Passover_on_Mount_Gerizim%2C_West_Bank_-_20060418.jpg/450px-Samaritans_marking_Passover_on_Mount_Gerizim%2C_West_Bank_-_20060418.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Samaritans_marking_Passover_on_Mount_Gerizim%2C_West_Bank_-_20060418.jpg/600px-Samaritans_marking_Passover_on_Mount_Gerizim%2C_West_Bank_-_20060418.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Samaritans marking <a href="/wiki/Passover_(Samaritan_holiday)" title="Passover (Samaritan holiday)">Passover</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a>, near modern <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> and ancient <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a>, 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">~900 (2024)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESamUp2022-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">460 (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Luza" title="Kiryat Luza">Kiryat Luza</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">380 (2021)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESamUp2022-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Spoken: <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Israeli Hebrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic" title="Levantine Arabic">Levantine Arabic</a> Liturgy: <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan Hebrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Aramaic language">Samaritan Aramaic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages#Semitic-speaking_peoples" title="Semitic languages">Semitic-speaking peoples</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Samaritans" title="Category:Samaritans">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Shma_yisrael.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Shma_yisrael.png/70px-Shma_yisrael.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Shma_yisrael.png/105px-Shma_yisrael.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Shma_yisrael.png/140px-Shma_yisrael.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="742" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em;background:lightblue;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Revered figures</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Yesaahq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Yaaqob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Yoosef</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Mooshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aahrron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Ye'oosha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em;background:lightblue;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism#Religious_texts" title="Samaritanism">Scriptures and writings</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Religious scripture</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Torah</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Historical writings</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua_(Samaritan)" title="Book of Joshua (Samaritan)">Book of Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolidah" title="Tolidah">Tolidah</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Hagiographical texts</dt></dl> <ul><li>The Hillukh</li> <li>Kitab at-Tabbah </li> <li>Kitab al-Kafi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Asatir" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Asatir">Al-Asatir</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em;background:lightblue;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Practices</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">Dietary Kashrut laws</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism#Festivals_and_observances" title="Samaritanism">Holy days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_of_the_Omer" title="Counting of the Omer">Counting of the Omer</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Priesthood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_High_Priest" title="Samaritan High Priest">Samaritan High Priest</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em;background:lightblue;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related religious groups</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> The Samaritans (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/səˈmærɪtənz/</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan Hebrew</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r866777279">ࠔࠠࠌࠝࠓࠩࠉࠌ‎ Šā̊merīm; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: שומרונים Šōmrōnīm; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: السامريون as-Sāmiriyyūn), often preferring to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnoreligious_group" title="Ethnoreligious group">ethnoreligious group</a> originating from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrews" title="Hebrews">Hebrews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Near East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShenLaviKivisildChou2004825–826,_828–829,_826–857-3">[2]</a> They are indigenous to <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>, a historical region of <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">ancient Israel and Judah</a> that comprises the northern half of what is today referred to as the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>. They are adherents of <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monotheistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotheistic">monotheistic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">ethnic religion</a> that developed alongside <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>. According to their tradition, the Samaritans are descended from the Israelites who, unlike the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Lost_Tribes" title="Ten Lost Tribes">Ten Lost Tribes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Twelve Tribes of Israel</a>, were not subject to the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_captivity" title="Assyrian captivity">Assyrian captivity</a> after the northern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> was destroyed and annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> around 720 BCE. Regarding the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a> as the unaltered <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, the Samaritans view the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> as close relatives, but claim that Judaism fundamentally alters the original Israelite religion. The most notable theological divide between Jewish and Samaritan doctrine concerns the world's holiest site, which the Jews believe is the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and which Samaritans believe is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a> near modern <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> and ancient <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNESCO2017-5">[4]</a> Both Jews and Samaritans assert that the <a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Binding of Isaac</a> occurred at their respective holy sites, identifying them as <a href="/wiki/Moriah" title="Moriah">Moriah</a>. The Samaritans attribute their schism with the Jews to <a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a>, who was a <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a> around the 11th century BCE and in accordance with Samaritan beliefs, he is accused of establishing a religious shrine in <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a> in opposition to the establishment of the original shrine on Mount Gerizim. Once a large community, the Samaritan population shrank significantly in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_revolts" title="Samaritan revolts">Samaritan revolts</a>, which were brutally suppressed by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> in the 6th century. Their numbers were further reduced by <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a> under the Byzantines and later by <a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Arab conquest of the Levant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy-Rubin2000257–276-6">[5]</a> In the 12th century, the Jewish explorer and writer <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_of_Tudela" title="Benjamin of Tudela">Benjamin of Tudela</a> estimated that only around 1,900 Samaritans remained in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrownPummerTal199370–71-7">[6]</a> As of 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit">[update]</a> the Samaritan community numbers around 900 people, split between <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (some 460 in <a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> (some 380 in <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Luza" title="Kiryat Luza">Kiryat Luza</a>).<a href="#cite_note-update-8">[7]</a> The Samaritans in Kiryat Luza speak <a href="/wiki/South_Levantine_Arabic" title="South Levantine Arabic">Levantine Arabic</a>, while those in Holon primarily speak <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Israeli Hebrew</a>. For liturgy, they also use <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan Hebrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Aramaic language">Samaritan Aramaic</a>, both of which are written in the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan script</a>. According to Samaritan tradition, the position of the community's leading <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_High_Priest" title="Samaritan High Priest">Samaritan High Priest</a> has continued without interruption over the course of the last 3600 years, beginning with the Hebrew prophet <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a>. Since 2013, the 133rd Samaritan High Priest has been <a href="/wiki/Aabed-El_ben_Asher_ben_Matzliach" title="Aabed-El ben Asher ben Matzliach">Aabed-El ben Asher ben Matzliach</a>. In censuses, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_law" title="Israeli law">Israeli law</a> classifies the <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Samaritans as a distinct religious community</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbinate_of_Israel" title="Chief Rabbinate of Israel">Chief Rabbinate of Israel</a> classifies them as <a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">ethnic Jews</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESela1994255–266-9">[8]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic literature</a> rejected the Samaritans' <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakhic Jewishness</a> because they refused to renounce their belief that Mount Gerizim was the historical holy site of the Israelites.<a href="#cite_note-10">[b]</a> All Samaritans in both Holon and Kiryat Luza are Israeli citizens, but those in Kiryat Luza also hold <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian citizenship</a>. Around the world, there are also significant and growing numbers of communities, families, and individuals who, despite the fact that they are not part of the Samaritan community, identify with and observe the tenets and traditions of the Samaritans' ethnic religion. The largest community outside the Levant, the "Shomrey HaTorah" of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (generally known as neo-Samaritans worldwide), has approximately 3,000 members as of February 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsedaka2015-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEISII:_Keepers-12">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_terminology">Etymology and terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and terminology">edit</a>]</div> Inscriptions from the Samaritan diaspora in <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a>, dating as early as 150–50 BCE, provide the "oldest known self-designation" for Samaritans, indicating that they called themselves "Bene Israel" in Hebrew (English: "Children of Israel", i.e. literally the descendants of the biblical prophet Israel, also known as Jacob, more commonly "Israelites").<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20199–10-14">[12]</a> In their own language, <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan Hebrew</a>, the Samaritans call themselves "Israel", "B'nai Israel", and, alternatively, Shamerim (שַמֶרִים), meaning "Guardians/Keepers/Watchers", and in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> al-Sāmiriyyūn (السامريون).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManzur1979-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> The term is <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a> term Šomerim, and both terms reflect a <a href="/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">Semitic root</a> שמר, which means "to watch, guard". Historically, Samaritans were concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern Hebrew</a>, the Samaritans are called Shomronim (שומרונים), which also means "inhabitants of Samaria", literally, "Samaritans". In modern English, Samaritans refer to themselves as Israelite Samaritans.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> <a href="#cite_note-21">[c]</a> That the meaning of their name signifies Guardians/Keepers/Watchers [of the Law/<a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a>], rather than being a <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponym</a> referring to the inhabitants of the region of Samaria, was remarked on by a number of Christian Church fathers, including <a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Panarion" title="Panarion">Panarion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chronicon" title="Chronicon">Chronicon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> in The Commentary on Saint John's Gospel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPummer2002123,_42,_156-22">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrown1989196-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpiphanius200930-24">[21]</a> Josephus uses several terms for the Samaritans, which he appears to use interchangeably.<a href="#cite_note-25">[d]</a> Among them is a reference to Khuthaioi, a designation employed to denote peoples in Media and Persia putatively sent to Samaria to replace the exiled Israelite population.<a href="#cite_note-26">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[f]</a> These Khouthaioi were in fact Hellenistic Phoenicians/Sidonians. Samareis (Σαμαρεῖς) may refer to inhabitants of the region of Samaria, or of the city of that name, though some texts use it to refer specifically to Samaritans.<a href="#cite_note-28">[g]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:auto;background:#f7f8ff"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:120%;background:#ccf"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Tribes of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:1695_Eretz_Israel_map_in_Amsterdam_Haggada_by_Abraham_Bar-Jacob.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1695_Eretz_Israel_map_in_Amsterdam_Haggada_by_Abraham_Bar-Jacob.jpg/120px-1695_Eretz_Israel_map_in_Amsterdam_Haggada_by_Abraham_Bar-Jacob.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1695_Eretz_Israel_map_in_Amsterdam_Haggada_by_Abraham_Bar-Jacob.jpg/180px-1695_Eretz_Israel_map_in_Amsterdam_Haggada_by_Abraham_Bar-Jacob.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1695_Eretz_Israel_map_in_Amsterdam_Haggada_by_Abraham_Bar-Jacob.jpg/240px-1695_Eretz_Israel_map_in_Amsterdam_Haggada_by_Abraham_Bar-Jacob.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="809" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">The Tribes of Israel</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Reuben" title="Tribe of Reuben">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Simeon" title="Tribe of Simeon">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Judah</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Dan" title="Tribe of Dan">Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Naphtali" title="Tribe of Naphtali">Naphtali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Gad" title="Tribe of Gad">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Asher" title="Tribe of Asher">Asher</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Issachar" title="Tribe of Issachar">Issachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Zebulun" title="Tribe of Zebulun">Zebulun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Joseph" title="Tribe of Joseph">Joseph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Manasseh" title="Tribe of Manasseh">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Ephraim" title="Tribe of Ephraim">Ephraim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Benjamin" title="Tribe of Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Other tribes</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caleb" title="Caleb">Caleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenites" title="Kenites">Keni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechabites" title="Rechabites">Rechab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel" title="Jerahmeel">Jerahmeel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_tribes_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaders of the tribes of Israel">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Lost_Tribes" title="Ten Lost Tribes">Ten Lost Tribes</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samaritans</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tribes_of_Israel" title="Template:Tribes of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tribes_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Tribes of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tribes_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tribes of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The origins of the Samaritans have long been disputed between their own tradition and that of the Jews. Ancestrally, Samaritans affirm that they descend from the tribes of <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Ephraim" title="Tribe of Ephraim">Ephraim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Manasseh" title="Tribe of Manasseh">Manasseh</a> in ancient <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>. Samaritan tradition associates the split between them and the <a href="/wiki/Judean" class="mw-redirect" title="Judean">Judean</a>-led southern Israelites to the time of the biblical priest <a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried2014148-29">[22]</a> described as a "false" high priest who usurped the priestly office from its occupant, Uzzi, and established a rival shrine at <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a>, thereby preventing southern pilgrims from Judah and <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Benjamin" title="Tribe of Benjamin">the territory of Benjamin</a> from attending the shrine at Gerizim. Eli is also held to have created a duplicate of the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a>, which eventually made its way to the Judahite sanctuary in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-30">[h]</a> In contrast, Jewish Orthodox tradition, based on material in the Bible, <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, dates their presence much later, to the beginning of the Babylonian captivity. In <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a>, for example in the <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> <a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(tractate)" title="Berakhot (tractate)">Berakhot</a>, the Samaritans are called <a href="/wiki/Cuthites" title="Cuthites">Cuthites</a> or Cutheans (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: כותים, Kutim), referring to the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Kutha" title="Kutha">Kutha</a>, geographically located in what is today <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGurevich2010156-31">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> in both the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars of the Jews">Wars of the Jews</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a>, in writing of the destruction of the temple on Mt. Gerizim by <a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus</a>, also refers to the Samaritans as the Cuthaeans.<a href="#cite_note-32">[i]</a> In the biblical account, however, Kuthah was one of several cities from which people were brought to Samaria.<a href="#cite_note-33">[j]</a> The similarities between Samaritans and Jews were such that the rabbis of the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> found it impossible to draw a clear distinction between the two groups.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZsengellér2017157-34">[24]</a> Attempts to date when the <a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">schism</a> among Israelites took place, which engendered the division between Samaritans and Judaeans, vary greatly, from the time of <a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a> down to the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_AD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD)">destruction of Jerusalem</a> (70 CE) and the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a> (132–136 CE).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrown199117-35">[25]</a> The emergence of a distinctive Samaritan identity, the outcome of a mutual estrangement between them and Jews, was something that developed over several centuries. Generally, a decisive rupture is believed to have taken place in the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourgel20191-36">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samaritan_version">Samaritan version</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Samaritan version">edit</a>]</div> The Samaritan traditions of their history are contained in the Kitab al-Ta'rikh compiled by <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fath" title="Abu'l-Fath">Abu'l-Fath</a> in 1355.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20192-37">[27]</a> According to this, a text which Magnar Kartveit identifies as a "fictional" <a href="/wiki/Apologia" title="Apologia">apologia</a> drawn from earlier sources, including <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> but perhaps also from ancient traditions,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20193-38">[28]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> erupted among the Israelites when <a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli, son of Yafni</a>, the treasurer of the sons of Israel, sought to usurp the <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">High Priesthood</a> of Israel from the heirs of <a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a>. Gathering disciples and binding them by an oath of loyalty, he sacrificed on the stone altar, without using salt, a rite which made the then High Priest Ozzi rebuke and disown him. Eli and his acolytes revolted and shifted to <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a>, where he built an alternative Temple and an altar, a perfect replica of the original on Mt. Gerizim. Eli's sons <a href="/wiki/Hophni_and_Phinehas" title="Hophni and Phinehas">Hophni and Phinehas</a> had intercourse with women and feasted on the meats of the sacrifice, inside the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>. Thereafter Israel was split into three factions: the original Mt. Gerizim community of loyalists, the breakaway group under Eli, and heretics worshipping idols associated with the latter's sons. <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> emerged later with those who followed the example of Eli.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20192–3-39">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit200938-40">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[k]</a> Mount Gerizim was the original Holy Place of the Israelites from the time that Joshua conquered Canaan and the tribes of Israel settled the land. The reference to Mount Gerizim derives from the biblical story of Moses ordering Joshua to take the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Twelve Tribes of Israel</a> to the mountains by Shechem (<a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>) and place half of the tribes, six in number, on Mount Gerizim, the Mount of the Blessing, and the other half on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ebal" title="Mount Ebal">Mount Ebal</a>, the Mount of the Curse. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biblical_versions">Biblical versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Biblical versions">edit</a>]</div> The narratives in Genesis about the rivalries among the 12 sons of Jacob are viewed by some as describing tensions between north and south. According to the Hebrew Bible, they were temporarily united under a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Monarchy</a>, but after the death of Solomon, the kingdom split in two, the northern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> with its last capital city <a href="/wiki/Samaria_(ancient_city)" title="Samaria (ancient city)">Samaria</a> and the southern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> with its capital, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomist" title="Deuteronomist">Deuteronomistic history</a>, written in Judah, portrayed Israel as a sinful kingdom, divinely punished for its idolatry and iniquity by being destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> in 720 BCE. The tensions continued in the post-exilic period. The <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a> is more inclusive than <a href="/wiki/Ezra%E2%80%93Nehemiah" title="Ezra–Nehemiah">Ezra–Nehemiah</a> since the ideal is of one Israel with twelve tribes, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Books of Chronicles</a> concentrate on the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> and ignore the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2009353-42">[31]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:100.Foreign_Nations_Are_Slain_by_Lions_in_Samaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/100.Foreign_Nations_Are_Slain_by_Lions_in_Samaria.jpg/220px-100.Foreign_Nations_Are_Slain_by_Lions_in_Samaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/100.Foreign_Nations_Are_Slain_by_Lions_in_Samaria.jpg/330px-100.Foreign_Nations_Are_Slain_by_Lions_in_Samaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/100.Foreign_Nations_Are_Slain_by_Lions_in_Samaria.jpg/440px-100.Foreign_Nations_Are_Slain_by_Lions_in_Samaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2357" data-file-height="2926" /></a><figcaption>Foreigners eaten by lions in Samaria, illustration by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a> from the 1866 La Sainte Bible, The Holy Bible</figcaption></figure> Accounts of Samaritan origins in respectively <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">2 Kings 17:6,24</a> and <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Chronicles</a>, together with statements in both <a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a> differ in important degrees, suppressing or highlighting narrative details according to the various intentions of their authors.<a href="#cite_note-43">[l]</a> The emergence of the Samaritans as an ethnic and religious community distinct from other <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> peoples appears to have occurred at some point after the Assyrian conquest of the Israelite <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> in approximately 721 BCE. The <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Sargon_II" title="Annals of Sargon II">annals of</a> <a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> indicate that he deported 27,290 inhabitants of the former kingdom. Jewish tradition affirms the Assyrian deportations and replacement of the previous inhabitants by forced resettlement by other peoples but claims a different ethnic origin for the Samaritans. The Talmud accounts for a people called <a href="/wiki/Cuthites" title="Cuthites">"Cuthim"</a> on a number of occasions, mentioning their arrival by the hands of the Assyrians. According to <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">2 Kings 17:6, 24</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[32]</a> the people of Israel were removed by the king of the Assyrians (<a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a>)<a href="#cite_note-45">[33]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Halah" title="Halah">Halah</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Tell_Halaf" title="Tell Halaf">Gozan</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Khabur_(Euphrates)" title="Khabur (Euphrates)">Khabur River</a> and to the towns of the <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a>. The king of the Assyrians then brought people from <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kutha" title="Kutha">Kutha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivah" title="Ivah">Avva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hamath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sepharvaim" title="Sepharvaim">Sepharvaim</a> to place in Samaria.<a href="#cite_note-46">[34]</a> Because God sent lions among them to kill them, the king of the Assyrians sent one of the priests from Bethel to teach the new settlers about God's ordinances. The eventual result was that the new settlers worshipped both the God of the land and their own gods from the countries from which they came.<a href="#cite_note-47">[35]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Chronicles</a>, following Samaria's destruction, King <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> is depicted as endeavouring to draw the <a href="/wiki/Ephraimites" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephraimites">Ephraimites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Zebulun" title="Tribe of Zebulun">Zebulonites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Asher" title="Tribe of Asher">Asherites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Manasseh" title="Tribe of Manasseh">Manassites</a> closer to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[36]</a> Temple repairs at the time of <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a> were financed by money from all "the remnant of Israel" in Samaria, including from Manasseh, Ephraim, and Benjamin.<a href="#cite_note-49">[37]</a> Jeremiah likewise speaks of people from Shechem, Shiloh, and Samaria who brought offerings of frankincense and grain to the House of YHWH.<a href="#cite_note-50">[38]</a> Chronicles makes no mention of an Assyrian resettlement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagen2007186-51">[39]</a> Yitzakh Magen argues that the version of Chronicles is perhaps closer to the historical truth and that the Assyrian settlement was unsuccessful, a notable Israelite population remained in Samaria, part of which, following the conquest of Judah, fled south and settled there as refugees.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagen2007187-52">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Zertal" title="Adam Zertal">Adam Zertal</a> dates the Assyrian onslaught at 721 BCE to 647 BCE, infers from a pottery type he identifies as Mesopotamian clustering around the Menasheh lands of Samaria, that they were three waves of imported settlers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZertal198977–84-53">[41]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica" title="Encyclopaedia Judaica">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a> (under "Samaritans") summarizes both past and present views on the Samaritans' origins. It says: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Until the middle of the 20th century it was customary to believe that the Samaritans originated from a mixture of the people living in Samaria and other peoples at the time of the conquest of Samaria by Assyria (722–721 BCE). The biblical account in II Kings 17 had long been the decisive source for the formulation of historical accounts of Samaritan origins. Reconsideration of this passage, however, has led to more attention being paid to the Chronicles of the Samaritans themselves. With the publication of Chronicle II (Sefer ha-Yamim), the fullest Samaritan version of their own history became available: the chronicles, and a variety of non-Samaritan materials. According to the former, the Samaritans are the direct descendants of the Joseph tribes, Ephraim and Manasseh, and until the 17th century CE they possessed a high priesthood descending directly from Aaron through Eleazar and Phinehas. They claim to have continuously occupied their ancient territory and to have been at peace with other Israelite tribes until the time when Eli disrupted the Northern cult by moving from Shechem to Shiloh and attracting some northern Israelites to his new followers there. For the Samaritans, this was the "schism" par excellence. <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"Samaritans" in Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1972, Volume 14, col. 727.</cite></div></blockquote> Furthermore, to this day the Samaritans claim descent from the tribe of Joseph.<a href="#cite_note-54">[m]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Josephus's_version">Josephus's version</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Josephus's version">edit</a>]</div> Josephus, a key source, has long been considered a prejudiced witness hostile to the Samaritans.<a href="#cite_note-55">[n]</a> He displays an ambiguous attitude, calling them both a distinct, opportunistic ethnos and, alternatively, a Jewish sect.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit200978,_82-56">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dead_Sea_scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dead Sea scrolls">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</a>' Proto-Esther fragment 4Q550c has an obscure phrase about the possibility of a Kutha(ean)(Kuti) man returning but the reference remains obscure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit200974-57">[43]</a> 4Q372 records hopes that the northern tribes will return to the land of Joseph. The current dwellers in the north are referred to as fools, an enemy people. However, they are not referred to as foreigners. It goes on to say that the Samaritans mocked Jerusalem and built a temple on a high place to provoke Israel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit2009168–171-58">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_scholarship">Modern scholarship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern scholarship">edit</a>]</div> Contemporary scholarship confirms that deportations occurred both before and after the Assyrian conquest of the Kingdom of Israel in 722–720 BCE, with varying impacts across <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(region)" title="Transjordan (region)">Transjordan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobolowsky202269–70,_73–75-59">[45]</a> During the earlier Assyrian invasions, Galilee and Transjordan experienced significant deportations, with entire tribes vanishing; the tribes of <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Reuben" title="Tribe of Reuben">Reuben</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Gad" title="Tribe of Gad">Gad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Dan" title="Tribe of Dan">Dan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Naphtali" title="Tribe of Naphtali">Naphtali</a> are never again mentioned. Archaeological evidence from these regions shows that a large depopulation process took place there in the late 8th century BCE, with numerous sites being destroyed, abandoned, or feature a long occupation gap.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobolowsky202269–70,_73–75-59">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-60">[46]</a> In contrast, archaeological findings from Samaria—a larger and more populated area—suggest a more mixed picture. While some sites were destroyed or abandoned during the Assyrian invasion, major cities such as Samaria and <a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Megiddo</a> remained largely intact, and other sites show a continuity of occupation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobolowsky202269–70,_73–75-59">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-60">[46]</a> The Assyrians settled exiles from Babylonia, Elam, and Syria in places including <a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Gezer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadid" title="Hadid">Hadid</a>, and villages north of <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tirzah_(Tell_el-Farah_North)" title="Tirzah (Tell el-Farah North)">Tirzah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-61">[47]</a> However, even if the Assyrians deported 30,000 people, as they claimed, many would have remained in the area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobolowsky202269–70,_73–75-59">[45]</a> Based on changes in material culture, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Zertal" title="Adam Zertal">Adam Zertal</a> estimated that only 10% of the Israelite population in Samaria was deported, while the number of imported settlers was likely no more than a few thousand, indicating that most Israelites continued to reside in Samaria.<a href="#cite_note-62">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_N._Knoppers" title="Gary N. Knoppers">Gary N. Knoppers</a> described the demography shifts in Samaria following the Assyrian conquest as: "... not the wholesale replacement of one local population by a foreign population, but rather the diminution of the local population", which he attributed to deaths from war, disease and starvation, forced deportations, and migrations to other regions, particularly south to the Kingdom of Judah. The state-sponsored immigrants who had been forcibly brought into Samaria appear to have generally assimilated into the local population.<a href="#cite_note-:5-60">[46]</a> Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Book of Chronicles</a> records that King <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> of Judah invited members of the tribes of <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Ephraim" title="Tribe of Ephraim">Ephraim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Zebulun" title="Tribe of Zebulun">Zebulun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Asher" title="Tribe of Asher">Asher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Issachar" title="Tribe of Issachar">Issachar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Manasseh" title="Tribe of Manasseh">Manasseh</a> to Jerusalem to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> after the destruction of Israel. In light of this, it has been suggested that the bulk of those who survived the Assyrian invasions remained in the region. Per this interpretation, the Samaritan community of today is thought to be predominantly descended from those who remained.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobolowsky202269–70,_73–75-59">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-60">[46]</a> The Israeli biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Shemaryahu_Talmon" title="Shemaryahu Talmon">Shemaryahu Talmon</a> has supported the Samaritan tradition that they are mainly descended from the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh who remained in Israel after the Assyrian conquest. He states that the description of them at 2 Kings 17:24<a href="#cite_note-64">[50]</a> as foreigners is tendentious and intended to ostracize the Samaritans from those Israelites who returned from the Babylonian exile in 520 BCE. He further states that 2 Chronicles 30:1<a href="#cite_note-65">[51]</a> could be interpreted as confirming that a large fraction of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh (i.e., Samaritans) remained in Israel after the Assyrian exile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalmon200225–27-66">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/E._Mary_Smallwood" title="E. Mary Smallwood">E. Mary Smallwood</a> wrote that the Samaritans "were the survivors of the pre-Exilic northern kingdom of Israel, diluted by intermarriage with alien settlers," and that they broke away from mainstream Judaism in the 4th century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-:12-67">[53]</a> Archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Eric_H._Cline" title="Eric H. Cline">Eric Cline</a> takes an intermediate view. He believes only 10–20% of the Israelite population (i.e. 40,000 Israelites) were deported to Assyria in 720 BCE. About 80,000 Israelites fled to Judah whilst between 100,000 and 230,000 Israelites remained in Samaria. The latter intermarried with the foreign settlers, thus forming the Samaritans.<a href="#cite_note-68">[54]</a> The religion of this remnant community is likely distorted by the account recorded in the Books of Kings,<a href="#cite_note-69">[55]</a> which claims that the local Israelite religion was perverted with the injection of foreign customs by Assyrian colonists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalmon200225–27-66">[52]</a> In reality, the surviving Samaritans continued to practice <a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a>. This explains why they did not resist Judean kings, such as Hezekiah and Josiah, imposing their religious reforms in Samaria.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Magnar Kartveit argues that the people who later became known as Samaritans likely had diverse origins and lived in Samaria and other areas, and it was the temple project on Mount Gerizim that provided the unifying characteristic that allows them to be identified as Samaritans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit2009351-70">[56]</a> Modern genetic studies support the Samaritan narrative that they descend from indigenous Israelites. Shen et al. (2004) formerly speculated that outmarriage with foreign women may have taken place.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShenLaviKivisildChou2004825–826,_828–829,_826–857-3">[2]</a> Most recently the same group came up with genetic evidence that Samaritans are closely linked to <a href="/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Aaron" title="Y-chromosomal Aaron">Cohanim</a>, and therefore can be traced back to an Israelite population prior to the Assyrian invasion. This correlates with expectations from the fact that the Samaritans retained <a href="/wiki/Endogamy" title="Endogamy">endogamous</a> and biblical <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineal</a> marriage customs, and that they remained a genetically isolated population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOefnerShenHöltzShpirer2013-71">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAppelbaumAppelbaum2008-72">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persian_period">Persian period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Persian period">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaritan_inscription.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Samaritan_inscription.jpg/220px-Samaritan_inscription.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Samaritan_inscription.jpg/330px-Samaritan_inscription.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Samaritan_inscription.jpg/440px-Samaritan_inscription.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Ancient inscription in <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan Hebrew</a>. From a photo c. 1900 by the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a></figcaption></figure> According to Chronicles 36:22–23, the Persian emperor, <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a> (reigned 559–530 BCE), permitted the return of the exiles to their homeland and ordered the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">rebuilding of the Temple</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a>). The prophet Isaiah identified Cyrus as "the LORD's <a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a>".<a href="#cite_note-73">[59]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a> had primarily affected the lowlands of Judea, the Samarian populations had likely avoided the casualties of the crisis of exile, and in fact, showed signs of widespread prosperity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013104-74">[60]</a> The books of <a href="/wiki/Ezra%E2%80%93Nehemiah" title="Ezra–Nehemiah">Ezra–Nehemiah</a> detail a lengthy political struggle between <a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a>, governor of the new Persian province of <a href="/wiki/Yehud_Medinata" title="Yehud Medinata">Yehud Medinata</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanballat_the_Horonite" title="Sanballat the Horonite">Sanballat the Horonite</a>, the governor of Samaria, centered around the refortification of the then-destroyed Jerusalem. Despite this political discourse, the text implies that relationships between the Jews and Samaritans were otherwise quite amicable, as intermarriage between the two seems commonplace, even to the point that the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a> <a href="/wiki/Joiada" title="Joiada">Joiada</a> married Sanballat's daughter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013162-75">[61]</a> Some theologians believe Nehemiah 11:3 describes other Israelite tribes returning to Judah with the Judeans. The former lived in the cities of Judah whilst the latter lived in Jerusalem. <a href="/wiki/Benjamites" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamites">Benjamites</a> also lived with Judeans in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-76">[62]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a> rule, material evidence suggests significant overlap between Jews and proto-Samaritans, with the two groups sharing a common <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Aramaic" title="Imperial Aramaic">language</a> and script, eschewing the claim that the schism had taken form by this time. However, onomastic evidence suggests the existence of a distinct northern culture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013109–112-77">[63]</a> Some inhabitants of Samaria during this period identified with Israelite heritage. This connection is evidenced in two ways: first, through biblical accounts of local officials' involvement with the Jerusalem Temple, and second, through naming patterns. Many names recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Daliyeh" title="Wadi Daliyeh">Wadi Daliyeh</a> documents and on Samaritan coins feature Israelite elements. Sanballat's sons bore the theophoric Israelite names Delaiah and Shelemiah, while the name "Jeroboam", used by northern Israelite kings during the monarchic period, also appears on Samaritan coins.<a href="#cite_note-:7-61">[47]</a> The archaeological evidence can find no sign of habitation in the Assyrian and Babylonian periods at Mount Gerizim, but indicates the existence of a sacred precinct on the site in the Persian period, by the 5th century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagen2007178–179-78">[64]</a> This is not to be interpreted as signaling a precipitous schism between the Jews and Samaritans, as the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim_Temple" title="Mount Gerizim Temple">Gerizim temple</a> was far from the only Yahwistic temple outside of Judea. According to most modern scholars, the split between the Jews and Samaritans was a gradual historical process extending over several centuries rather than a single schism at a given point in time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourgel20191-36">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hellenistic period">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_rule">Foreign rule</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Foreign rule">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonian Empire</a> conquered the Levant in the 330s BCE, resulting in both Samaria and Judea coming under Greek rule as the province of <a href="/wiki/Coele-Syria" title="Coele-Syria">Coele-Syria</a>. Samaria was by-and-large devastated by the Alexandrian conquest and subsequent colonization efforts, though its southern lands were spared the broader consequences of the invasion and continued to thrive. Matters were further complicated in 331 BCE, when the Samaritans rose up in rebellion and murdered the Macedonian-appointed prefect, Andromachus – resulting in a brutal reprisal by the army.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013169-79">[65]</a> Following the death of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, the area became part of the newly partitioned <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a>, which, in one of <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Wars" title="Syrian Wars">several wars</a>, was eventually conquered by the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>. Though the temple on Mount Gerizim had existed since the 5th century BCE, evidence shows that its sacred precinct experienced an extravagant expansion during the early Hellenistic era, indicating its status as the preeminent place of Samaritan worship had begun to crystallize. By the time of <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III the Great</a>, the temple "town" had reached 30 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> in size.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013123-80">[66]</a> The presence of a flourishing cult centered around Gerizim is documented by the sudden resurgence of Yahwistic and Hebrew names in contemporary correspondence, suggesting that the Samaritan community had officially been established by the 2nd century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013125–133-81">[67]</a> Overall, the Samaritans were generally more populous and wealthier than the Judeans in Palestine, until 164 BC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers20132-82">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes_and_Hellenization">Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Hellenization</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Hellenization">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a> was on the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a> from 175 to 163 BCE. His policy was to <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenize</a> his entire kingdom and standardize religious observance. According to 1 Maccabees 1:41-50 he proclaimed himself the incarnation of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> god <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> and mandated death to anyone who refused to worship him. In the 2nd century BCE, a series of events led to a revolution by a faction of Judeans against Antiochus IV. Anderson notes that during the reign of Antiochus IV (175–164 BCE):<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonn.d.-83">[69]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>]<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">the Samaritan temple was renamed either Zeus Hellenios (willingly by the Samaritans according to Josephus) or, more likely, Zeus Xenios, (unwillingly in accord with 2 Macc. 6:2).<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Bromiley, 4.304</cite></div></blockquote> Josephus quotes the Samaritans as saying: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">We therefore beseech thee, our benefactor and saviour, to give order to Apollonius, the governor of this part of the country, and to Nicanor, the procurator of thy affairs, to give us no disturbances, nor to lay to our charge what the Jews are accused for, since we are aliens from their nation and from their customs, but let our temple which at present hath no name at all, be named the Temple of Jupiter Hellenius.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Josephus 12:5</cite></div></blockquote> In the letter, defended as genuine by <a href="/wiki/Elias_Joseph_Bickerman" title="Elias Joseph Bickerman">E. Bickerman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menahem_Stern" title="Menahem Stern">M. Stern</a>, the Samaritans assert their distinction from the Judeans based on both race (γένος) and in customs (ἔθος).<a href="#cite_note-84">[70]</a> According to II Maccabees:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Shortly afterwards, the Greek king sent Gerontes the Athenian to force the Jews of Israel to violate their ancestral customs and live no longer by the laws of God; and to profane the Temple in Jerusalem and dedicate it to Olympian Zeus, and the one on Mount Gerizim to Zeus, Patron of Strangers, as the inhabitants of the latter place had requested.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>II Maccabees 6:1–2</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Destruction_of_the_temple">Destruction of the temple</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Destruction of the temple">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>, Samaria was largely divided between a Hellenizing faction based in Samaria (<a href="/wiki/Sebastia,_Nablus" title="Sebastia, Nablus">Sebastia</a>) and a pious faction in <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a> and surrounding rural areas, led by the High Priest. Samaria was a largely autonomous state nominally dependent on the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a> until around 110 BCE,<a href="#cite_note-85">[o]</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus</a> destroyed the Samaritan temple on Mount Gerizim and devastated Samaria. Only a few stone remnants of the temple exist today.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourgel2016505–523-86">[71]</a> Hyrcanus' campaign of destruction was the watershed moment which confirmed hostile relations between Jews and Samaritans. The actions of the Hasmonean dynasty resulted in widespread Samaritan resentment of, and alienation from, their Judean brethren, resulting in the deterioration of relations between the two that lasted centuries, if not millennia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013173–174-87">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Roman period">edit</a>]</div> Under the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, Samaria became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Herodian_Tetrarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodian Tetrarchy">Herodian Tetrarchy</a>, and with the deposition of the Herodian <a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">ethnarch</a> Herod Archelaus in the early 1st century CE, Samaria became a part of the province of <a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Judaea</a>. Samaritans appear briefly in the Christian gospels, most notably in the account of the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">Samaritan woman at the well</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">parable of the Good Samaritan</a>. In the former, it is noted that a substantial number of Samaritans accepted <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> through the woman's testimony to them, and Jesus stayed in Samaria for two days before returning to Cana. In the latter, it is only the Samaritan who helped the man stripped of clothing, beaten, and left on the road half dead, his Abrahamic covenantal circumcision implicitly evident. The priest and Levite walked past. But the Samaritan helped the naked man regardless of his nakedness (itself religiously offensive to the priest and Levite<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBible_Hub:_Nakedness-88">[73]</a>), his self-evident poverty, or to which Hebrew sect he belonged. During the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">First Jewish–Roman War</a>, in the summer of 67 CE, a significant Samaritan uprising gathered on Mt. Gerizim. In response, Roman general <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> dispatched a relatively small force under the command of Cerialis. Although some Samaritans surrendered, most fought, resulting in heavy casualties. According to <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, 11,600 Samaritans were killed.<a href="#cite_note-:62-89">[74]</a> There is no evidence of Samaritan involvement in later phases of the revolt.<a href="#cite_note-:6-90">[75]</a> In 72/73 CE, Vespasian established <a href="/wiki/Flavia_Neapolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavia Neapolis">Flavia Neapolis</a> on the site of Mabartha, near <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a>. While some scholars argue this was to counter Samaritan influence and aspirations, others contend it was primarily a geo-strategic decision.<a href="#cite_note-:6-90">[75]</a> The new city was designed as a <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis</a> and included both Samaritan and pagan populations, becoming a major urban center for the Samaritans. Despite its Hellenistic character, the city maintained local traditions, as reflected in its coins which avoided pagan symbols.<a href="#cite_note-:6-90">[75]</a> The possibility of Samaritan involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a> (132–136 CE) alongside the Jews against the Romans remains uncertain. Some Jewish sources, such as the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>, depict the Samaritans as obstructing Jewish efforts, including the construction of the Temple and the defense of <a href="/wiki/Betar_(ancient_village)" title="Betar (ancient village)">Betar</a>, leading to interpretations of possible Samaritan collaboration with the Romans. However, these sources are considered legendary or anachronistic. Additionally, later Samaritan chronicles referring to the <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrianic</a> period do not connect events from this time to the Bar Kokhba revolt. Consequently, Mor concludes that there is no concrete evidence of cooperation between Jews and Samaritans during the revolt.<a href="#cite_note-:6-90">[75]</a> The Temple of Gerizim was rebuilt after the Bar Kokhba revolt, around 136 CE. Much of the Samaritan liturgy was set by the high priest <a href="/wiki/Baba_Rabba" title="Baba Rabba">Baba Rabba</a> in the 4th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECowley1894121–122-91">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Byzantine period">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Revolts" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Revolts">Samaritan Revolts</a></div> According to Samaritan sources, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Eastern Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)" title="Zeno (emperor)">Zeno</a> (who ruled 474–491 and whom the sources call "Zait the King of Edom") persecuted the Samaritans. The Emperor went to Neapolis (<a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a>), gathered the elders and asked them to convert to Christianity; when they refused, Zeno had many Samaritans killed, and re-built the synagogue as a church. Zeno then took for himself Mount Gerizim, and built several edifices, among them a tomb for his recently deceased son, on which he put a cross, so that the Samaritans, worshiping God, would prostrate in front of the tomb. Later, in 484, the Samaritans revolted. The rebels attacked Neapolis, burned five churches built on Samaritan holy places, and cut the finger of bishop Terebinthus, who was officiating at the ceremony of <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>. They elected one <a href="/wiki/Justa_(rebel)" title="Justa (rebel)">Justa</a> (or Justasa/Justasus) as their king, and moved to <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a>, where a noteworthy Samaritan community lived. Here several Christians were killed and the church of St. Sebastian was destroyed. Justa celebrated the victory with games in the circus. According to the <a href="/wiki/Chronicon_Paschale" title="Chronicon Paschale">Chronicon Paschale</a>, the dux Palaestinae Asclepiades, whose troops were reinforced by the Caesarea-based Arcadiani of Rheges, defeated Justa, killed him, and sent his head to Zeno.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPummer2002367-92">[77]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a>, Terebinthus went to Zeno to ask for revenge; the Emperor personally went to Samaria to quell the rebellion.<a href="#cite_note-93">[78]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khirbat-Samara-synagogue-119.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Khirbat-Samara-synagogue-119.jpg/220px-Khirbat-Samara-synagogue-119.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Khirbat-Samara-synagogue-119.jpg/330px-Khirbat-Samara-synagogue-119.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Khirbat-Samara-synagogue-119.jpg/440px-Khirbat-Samara-synagogue-119.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2941" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of a 4th-century Samaritan synagogue likely abandoned after the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_revolts" title="Samaritan revolts">Samaritan Revolts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Samara" title="Khirbet Samara">Khirbet Samara</a></figcaption></figure> Some modern historians believe that the order of the facts preserved by Samaritan sources should be inverted, with the persecution of Zeno as a consequence of the rebellion rather than its cause, and should have happened after 484, around 489. Zeno rebuilt the church of St. Procopius in Neapolis, and the Samaritans were banned from Mount Gerizim, on whose top a signaling tower was built to alert in case of civil unrest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrown198972–73-94">[79]</a> According to an anonymous biography of Mesopotamian monk named <a href="/wiki/Barsawmo_(died_c._458)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barsawmo (died c. 458)">Barsauma</a>, whose pilgrimage to the region in the early 5th century was accompanied by clashes with locals and the forced conversion of non-Christians, Barsauma managed to convert Samaritans by conducting demonstrations of healing.<a href="#cite_note-95">[80]</a> Jacob, an ascetic healer living in a cave near Porphyrion, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a> in the 6th century CE, attracted admirers, including Samaritans who later converted to Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-96">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESivan2008172-97">[82]</a> Under growing government pressure, many Samaritans who refused to convert to Christianity in the sixth century may have preferred <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manicheism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[83]</a> Under a <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_authority" title="Charismatic authority">charismatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Messiah#Messianic_figure" title="Messiah">messianic figure</a> named <a href="/wiki/Julianus_ben_Sabar" title="Julianus ben Sabar">Julianus ben Sabar</a> (or ben Sahir), the Samaritans launched a war to create their own independent state in 529. With the help of the <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Ghassanids</a>, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> crushed the revolt; tens of thousands of Samaritans died or were <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">enslaved</a>. The Samaritan faith, which had previously enjoyed the status of <a href="/wiki/Religio_licita" title="Religio licita">religio licita</a>, was virtually outlawed thereafter by the Christian <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>; from a population once at least in the hundreds of thousands, the Samaritan community dwindled to tens of thousands.<a href="#cite_note-99">[84]</a> The Samaritan population in Samaria did, however, survive the revolts. During a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 570 CE, an anonymous Christian pilgrim from <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a> travelled through Samaria and recorded the following: "From there we went up past a number of places belonging to Samaria and Judaea to the city of Sebaste, the resting-place of the Prophet Elisha. There were several Samaritan cities and villages on our way down through the plains, and wherever we passed along the streets they burned away our footprints with straw, whether we were Christians or Jews, they have such a horror of both".<a href="#cite_note-100">[85]</a> The same pilgrim also mentioned a place called Castra Samaritanorum near <a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrlich202247-101">[86]</a> According to Menachem Mor, the decline of the Samaritan population between the fifth and sixth centuries was mostly due to the ongoing Christianization of Palestine's inhabitants, rather than the uprisings against the Byzantines. Mor argues that a large number of Samaritans in the cities and towns converted to Christianity, some under pressure and some of their own free will. He claims that both Samaritan and Christian sources preferred to conceal this phenomenon. The Samaritans preferred to attribute their numerical decrease on their resistance to coerced conversion, while the Christians were not willing to admit that the Samaritans were coerced into accepting Christianity and instead preferred to claim that many Samaritans were killed because of their rebellious nature.<a href="#cite_note-Mor2003-102">[87]</a> A change in the local population's identity throughout the Byzantine period is not indicated by the archeological findings.<a href="#cite_note-:2-103">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_from_Samaritan_synagogue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mosaic_from_Samaritan_synagogue.jpg/220px-Mosaic_from_Samaritan_synagogue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mosaic_from_Samaritan_synagogue.jpg/330px-Mosaic_from_Samaritan_synagogue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mosaic_from_Samaritan_synagogue.jpg/440px-Mosaic_from_Samaritan_synagogue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Mosaic from Samaritan synagogue (<a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Islamic_period">Early Islamic period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Early Islamic period">edit</a>]</div> By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest of the Levant</a>, apart from Jund Filastin, small dispersed communities of Samaritans were living also in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Muslim_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Muslim Egypt">Muslim Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Syria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim Iran</a>. According to Milka Levy-Rubin, many <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forced_Islamization_of_the_Samaritans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forced Islamization of the Samaritans (page does not exist)">Samaritans were forced to convert</a> under <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulunids" title="Tulunids">Tulunid</a> rule (878–905 CE), having been subjected to hardships such as droughts, earthquakes, persecution by local governors, high taxes on religious minorities, and anarchy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrlich202233-104">[89]</a> Like other non-Muslims in the empire, such as Jews, Samaritans were often considered to be <a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>, and were guaranteed religious freedom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPummer19874-105">[90]</a> Their minority status was protected by the Muslim rulers, and they had the right to practice their religion, but, as <a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">dhimmi</a>, adult males had to pay the <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">jizya</a> or "protection tax". This however changed during late Abbasid period, with increasing persecution targeting the Samaritan community and considering them infidels which must convert to Islam.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Anarchy overtook Palestine during the early years of Abbasid Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">al-Ma'mun</a> (813–833 CE), when his rule was challenged by internal strife. According to the Chronicle of Abu l-Fath, during this time, many clashes took place, the locals suffered from famine and even fled their homes out of fear, and "many left their faith". An exceptional case is of ibn Firāsa, a rebel who arrived in Palestine in the year 830 and was said to have loathed Samaritans and persecuted them. He punished them, forced them to convert to Islam, and filled the prisons with Samaritan men, women, and children, keeping them there until many of them perished from hunger and thirst. He had also demanded payment for enabling them to circumcise their sons on the eighth day. As a result of the persecution, many Samaritans abandoned their religion at that time.<a href="#cite_note-:1-106">[91]</a> The revolt was put down, but caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim" title="Al-Mu'tasim">al-Mu'tasim</a> then increased taxes on the rebels, which sparked a second uprising. Rebel forces captured Nablus, where they set fire to synagogues belonging to the Samaritan and Dosithian (Samaritan sect) faiths. The community's situation briefly improved when this uprising was put down by Abbasid forces, and High Priest Pinhas ben Netanel resumed worship in the Nablus synagogue. Under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq" title="Al-Wathiq">al-Wāthiq bi-llāh</a>, Abu-Harb Tamim, who had the support of <a href="/wiki/Yaman_(tribal_group)" title="Yaman (tribal group)">Yaman tribes</a>, led yet another uprising. He captured Nablus and caused many to flee, the Samaritan High Priest was injured, and later died of his wounds in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>. The Samaritans could not go back to their homes until Abu-Harb tamim was vanquished and captured (842 CE).<a href="#cite_note-:1-106">[91]</a> A number of restrictions on the dhimmi were reinstituted during the reign of the Abbasid Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a> (847–861 CE), prices increased once more, and many people experienced severe poverty. "Many people lost faith as a result of the terrible price increases and because they became weary of paying the jizya. There were many sons and families who left their faith and became lost".<a href="#cite_note-:1-106">[91]</a> The tradition of men wearing a red <a href="/wiki/Tarboosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarboosh">tarboosh</a> may also go back to an order by al-Mutawakkil, that required non-Muslims to be distinguished from Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPummer198717-107">[92]</a> However, this is disputed because praying while wearing a tarboosh was easier for Muslims, because they put their heads to the ground during Salah (daily prayers).<a href="#cite_note-108">[93]</a> The numerous instances of Samaritans converting to Islam that are mentioned in the Chronicle of Abu l-Fath are all connected to economic difficulties that led to widespread poverty among the Samaritan population, anarchy that left Samaritans defenseless against Muslim attackers, and attempts by those people and others to force conversion on the Samaritans. It is crucial to keep in mind that the Samaritan community was the smallest among the other dhimmi communities and that it was also situated in Samaria, where Muslim settlement continued to expand as evidenced by the text; by the ninth century, villages such as <a href="/wiki/Sinjil" title="Sinjil">Sinjil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jinsafut" title="Jinsafut">Jinsafut</a> were already Muslim. This makes it possible to assume that the Samaritans were more vulnerable than other dhimmi, what greatly broadened the extent of their Islamization.<a href="#cite_note-:1-106">[91]</a> Archaeological data demonstrates that during the 8th and 9th centuries, winepresses west of Samaria stopped operating, but the villages to which they belonged persisted. Such sites could be securely identified as Samaritan in some of those cases, and it is likely in others. According to one theory, the local Samaritans who converted to Islam kept their villages going but were barred by <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a> from <a href="/wiki/Khamr" title="Khamr">making wine</a>. These findings date to the Abbasid period, and are in accordance with the Islamization process as described in the historical sources.<a href="#cite_note-:2-103">[88]</a> As time goes on, more information from recorded sources refers to Nablus and less to the vast agricultural regions that the Samaritans had previously inhabited. Hence, the Abbasid era marks the disappearance of Samaritan rural habitation in Samaria. By the end of the period, Samaritans were mainly centered in Nablus, while other communities persisted in <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ascalon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-103">[88]</a> The Samaritans transitioned from speaking Aramaic and Arabic to exclusively speaking Arabic starting from the 11th century onward.<a href="#cite_note-Neishtadt-109">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_period">Crusader period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Crusader period">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, the Franks took over <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, where the majority of Samaritans lived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar198985-110">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[p]</a> Massacres took place in Samaritan maritime communities in <a href="/wiki/Apollonia%E2%80%93Arsuf" title="Apollonia–Arsuf">Arsuf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> and perhaps <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ascalon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar198983-112">[96]</a> During the initial <a href="/wiki/Razzia_(military)" title="Razzia (military)">razzia</a> in Nablus the invading Franks destroyed Samaritan buildings and sometime later tore down their <a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">ritual bath</a> and synagogue on Mt. Gerizim.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar198983-112">[96]</a> Christians bearing crosses successfully pleaded for a calm transition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar198982–83-113">[97]</a> The calamities that befell them during the Frankish reign came from Muslims such as the commander of the Dasmascene army, Bazwȃdj, who raided Nablus in 1137 and abducted 500 Samaritan men, women and children back to Damascus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar198991-114">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_rule">Ayyubid and Mamluk rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ayyubid and Mamluk rule">edit</a>]</div> Two hundred Samaritans were reportedly forced to convert to Islam in the village of <a href="/wiki/Immatain" title="Immatain">Immatain</a> by <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, according to a tradition recalled by a Samaritan High Priest in the 20th century; however, written sources make no reference to this event.<a href="#cite_note-115">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_rule">Ottoman rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ottoman rule">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerizim2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gerizim2.jpg/220px-Gerizim2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gerizim2.jpg/330px-Gerizim2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gerizim2.jpg/440px-Gerizim2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Samaritan worship center on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a>. From a photo c. 1900 by the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a></figcaption></figure> According to the Ottoman censuses of 1525–1526, 25 Samaritan families lived in Gaza, and 29 families lived in <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>. In 1548–1549, there were 18 families in Gaza and 34 in Nablus.<a href="#cite_note-:0-116">[100]</a> In 1596–1597, there were 8 families in Gaza, 20 in Nablus and 5 in Safed.<a href="#cite_note-117">[101]</a> The Samaritan community in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> shrank as a result of Ottoman persecution of Samaritans who worked for the Mamluk government, with the majority of them converting to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-:0-116">[100]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, the majority of the Samaritan community was massacred or converted to Islam during the reign of the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a> Mardam Beqin in the early 17th century. The remainder of the Samaritan community there, in particular the Danafi family, which is still influential today, moved back to Nablus in the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchreiber201446-118">[102]</a> The Matari family relocated from Gaza to Nablus at about the same time that the Marhiv family moved back from <a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarafand</a>, Lebanon. There were no longer any Samaritans in either Gaza or Damascus; only a handful remained in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-:3-119">[103]</a> The Nablus community endured because most of the surviving diaspora returned, and they have maintained a tiny presence there to this day. In 1624, the last <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_High_Priest" title="Samaritan High Priest">Samaritan High Priest</a> of the line of <a href="/wiki/Eleazar" title="Eleazar">Eleazar</a> son of <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a> died without issue, but according to Samaritan tradition, descendants of Aaron's other son, <a href="/wiki/Ithamar" title="Ithamar">Ithamar</a>, remained and took over the office.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIreton2003-120">[104]</a> Following the death of High Priest Shelamia ben Pinhas, Muslim persecution of Samaritans intensified, and they became the target of violent riots that led to many of them converting to Islam. In 1624, access to Mount Gerizim's summit was outlawed for the survivors, and they were only permitted to make Passover sacrifices on the mountain's eastern slopes. By the middle of the 17th century, very small Samaritan communities survived in Nablus, Gaza, and Jaffa.<a href="#cite_note-:0-116">[100]</a> The status of the Samaritan community of Nablus greatly improved in the early 18th century because one of them, Ibrahim al-Danafi, who was also a poet and an author, worked for the <a href="/wiki/Tuqan_family" title="Tuqan family">Tuqan family</a>, which then dominated the city. Al-Danafi also bought the <a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Phinehas" title="Hill of Phinehas">hill of Pinehas</a> and the plot on Mount Gerizim's summit to be used by the community, but the favorable conditions that were necessary for the community's recovery did not last. The 1759 earthquake, the endemic that followed, and the other restrictions placed on the Samaritans limited the growth of their community, and by the end of the 18th century, there were only 200 people living there and living off of trade, brokerage, and tax collection.<a href="#cite_note-:0-116">[100]</a> The majority of Samaritan families in the 19th century lived in Harat el-Somra, a crowded neighborhood in Nablus' southwest. During this time, the modest Samaritan synagogue, "el-Kanis", served as the center of the community's cultural, religious, and social life. Some Samaritans worked as clerks for the municipal authorities, while others worked in local small business and crafts in Nablus and its vicinity. Some were forced to collect alms from the growing numbers of tourists and other visitors. To keep their households and organizations functioning, the Samaritan community sometimes even turned to selling ancient manuscripts.<a href="#cite_note-:4-121">[105]</a> During the 1840s, the <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulama</a> of Nablus began asserting that the Samaritans may not be considered "<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>" and therefore have the same status as <a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">pagans</a> and must convert to Islam or <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam" title="Capital punishment in Islam">be executed</a>. As a result, locals attempted to force the conversion of two children of a Samaritan widow who had a Muslim lover in 1841. Her young daughter died from fear, but her 14-year-old boy converted to Islam. Another Samaritan was later coerced into converting to Islam. Appealing to the King of France did not help. The Samaritan people were eventually helped by the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Hakham_Bashi" title="Hakham Bashi">Hakham Bashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Abraham_Gagin" title="Chaim Abraham Gagin">Chaim Abraham Gagin</a>, who decreed that the Samaritans are "a branch of the children of Israel, who acknowledge the truth of the Torah," and as such should be protected as a "People of the Book". As a result, the ulama ceased their preaching against Samaritans. The Samaritans also paid bribes to the Arab Muslims, totaling approximately 1000 GBP, and eventually came out of their hiding places. However, they were prohibited from offering Passover sacrifices on Mount Gerizim until 1849.<a href="#cite_note-:3-119">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-121">[105]</a> By the late Ottoman period, the Samaritan community dwindled to its lowest.<a href="#cite_note-toi-122">[106]</a> In the 19th century, with pressure of conversion and persecution from the local rulers, the community fell to just over 100 persons.<a href="#cite_note-toi-122">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandatory_Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mandatory Palestine">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_High_Priest_of_the_Samaritans_with_the_Codex_Nablus_c._192.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_High_Priest_of_the_Samaritans_with_the_Codex_Nablus_c._192.jpg/170px-The_High_Priest_of_the_Samaritans_with_the_Codex_Nablus_c._192.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_High_Priest_of_the_Samaritans_with_the_Codex_Nablus_c._192.jpg/255px-The_High_Priest_of_the_Samaritans_with_the_Codex_Nablus_c._192.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_High_Priest_of_the_Samaritans_with_the_Codex_Nablus_c._192.jpg/340px-The_High_Priest_of_the_Samaritans_with_the_Codex_Nablus_c._192.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2166" data-file-height="2955" /></a><figcaption>Yitzhaq ben Amram ben Shalma ben Tabia, the High Priest of the Samaritans, Nablus, c. 1920</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_the_Synagogue_of_the_Samaritans_Nablus_c._1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Interior_of_the_Synagogue_of_the_Samaritans_Nablus_c._1920.jpg/170px-Interior_of_the_Synagogue_of_the_Samaritans_Nablus_c._1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Interior_of_the_Synagogue_of_the_Samaritans_Nablus_c._1920.jpg/255px-Interior_of_the_Synagogue_of_the_Samaritans_Nablus_c._1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Interior_of_the_Synagogue_of_the_Samaritans_Nablus_c._1920.jpg/340px-Interior_of_the_Synagogue_of_the_Samaritans_Nablus_c._1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2166" data-file-height="2997" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the Synagogue of the Samaritans in Nablus, c. 1920</figcaption></figure> The situation of the Samaritan community improved significantly during the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a>. At that time, they began to work in the public sector, like many other groups. With better medical care and Samaritan men marrying Jewish women, the demographic status of the community improved throughout the Mandatory period.<a href="#cite_note-:3-119">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[107]</a> The censuses of <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922</a> and <a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931</a> recorded 163 and 182 Samaritans in Palestine, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Zvi193387-124">[108]</a> 147 lived in Nablus,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Zvi193387-124">[108]</a> 12 resided in <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a>, 12 in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, and 6 in <a href="/wiki/As-Salt" title="As-Salt">As-Salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>. Later some moved to <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a> and even to <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-119">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[109]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">1929 Palestine riots</a>, Arab rioters attacked Samaritans who were performing the Passover sacrifice on Mount Gerizim and flung stones at them as well as their guests. The British police got involved and stopped any potential fatalities.<a href="#cite_note-:3-119">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli,_Jordanian_and_Palestinian_rule">Israeli, Jordanian and Palestinian rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Israeli, Jordanian and Palestinian rule">edit</a>]</div> After the end of the British Mandate of Palestine and the subsequent establishment of the State of Israel, some of the Samaritans who were living in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> emigrated to Samaria and lived in Nablus. By the late 1950s, around 100 Samaritans left the West Bank for Israel under an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">the Jordanian authorities in the West Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYousefBarghouti2005-126">[110]</a> In 1954, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">Israeli President</a> <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a> fostered a Samaritan enclave in Holon, Israel, located in 15a Ben Amram Street.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEISII-127">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman2007-128">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenblatt2002-129">[113]</a> During Jordanian rule in the West Bank, Samaritans from Holon were permitted to visit Mount Gerizim only once a year, on Passover.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Jewish_Week''2011-130">[114]</a> In 1967, Israel conquered the West Bank during the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, and the Samaritans there came under Israeli rule. Until the 1990s, most of the Samaritans in the West Bank resided in the West Bank city of <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> below Mount Gerizim. They relocated to the mountain itself near the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Har_Brakha" title="Har Brakha">Har Brakha</a> as a result of violence during the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1990). Consequently, all that is left of the Samaritan community in Nablus itself is an abandoned synagogue. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israeli army</a> maintains a presence in the area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenblatt2002-129">[113]</a> The Samaritans of Nablus relocated to the village of Kiryat Luza. In the mid-1990s, the Samaritans of Kiryat Luza were granted Israeli citizenship. They also became citizens of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>. As a result, they are the only people to possess dual Israeli-Palestinian citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Jewish_Week''2011-130">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJerusalem_Cinematheque:_Samaritan-131">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sofi_Tzadka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sofi_Tzadka.jpg/170px-Sofi_Tzadka.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sofi_Tzadka.jpg/255px-Sofi_Tzadka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sofi_Tzadka.jpg/340px-Sofi_Tzadka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sofi_Tsedaka" title="Sofi Tsedaka">Sofi Tsedaka</a>, an Israeli actress from the Samaritan community</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaritan_Pilgrimage_1920.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/Samaritan_Pilgrimage_1920.JPG/170px-Samaritan_Pilgrimage_1920.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/Samaritan_Pilgrimage_1920.JPG/255px-Samaritan_Pilgrimage_1920.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/Samaritan_Pilgrimage_1920.JPG/340px-Samaritan_Pilgrimage_1920.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>During the entire week following the Feast of the Passover, the Samaritans remain encamped on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a>. On the last day of the encampment, they begin at dawn a pilgrimage to the crest of the sacred mount. Before setting forth on this pilgrimage, however, the men spread their cloths and repeat the creed and the story of the Creation in silence, after which, in loud voice they read the Book of Genesis and the first quarter of the Book of Exodus, ending with the story of the Passover and the flight from Egypt — John D. Whiting   The National Geographic Magazine, Jan 1920</figcaption></figure> Today, Samaritans in Israel are fully integrated into society and serve in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>. The Samaritans of the West Bank seek good relations with their Palestinian neighbors while maintaining their Israeli citizenship, tend to be fluent in Hebrew and Arabic, and use both a Hebrew and Arab name.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Jewish_Week''2011-130">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetic_studies">Genetic studies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Genetic studies">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East" title="Genetic history of the Middle East">Genetic history of the Middle East</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic studies on Jews">Genetic studies on Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israelites#Genetics" title="Israelites">Israelites § Genetics</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samaritan_lineages">Samaritan lineages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Samaritan lineages">edit</a>]</div> Demographic investigations of the Samaritan community were carried out in the 1960s. Detailed pedigrees of the last 13 generations show that the Samaritans comprise four lineages:<a href="#cite_note-132">[116]</a> <ul><li>The priestly <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Cohen</a> lineage from the tribe of Levi.</li> <li>The Tsedakah lineage, claiming descent from the tribe of Manasseh</li> <li>The Joshua-Marhiv lineage, claiming descent from the tribe of Ephraim</li> <li>The Danafi lineage, claiming descent from the tribe of Ephraim</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Y-DNA_and_mtDNA_comparisons">Y-DNA and mtDNA comparisons</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Y-DNA and mtDNA comparisons">edit</a>]</div> Recently several genetic studies on the Samaritan population were made using haplogroup comparisons as well as wide-genome genetic studies. Of the 12 Samaritan males used in the analysis, 10 (83%) had Y chromosomes belonging to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)">haplogroup J</a>, which includes three of the four Samaritan families. The Joshua-Marhiv family belongs to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J-M267" title="Haplogroup J-M267">Haplogroup J-M267</a> (formerly "J1"), while the Danafi and Tsedakah families belong to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J-M172" title="Haplogroup J-M172">haplogroup J-M172</a> (formerly "J2"), and can be further distinguished by the M67 SNP—the derived allele of which has been found in the Danafi family—and the PF5169 SNP found in the Tsedakah family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFamily_Tree_DNA-133">[117]</a> However the biggest and most important Samaritan family, the Cohen family (Tradition: Tribe of Levi), was found to belong to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E (Y-DNA)">haplogroup E</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShenLaviKivisildChou2004-134">[118]</a> A 2004 article on the genetic ancestry of the Samaritans by Shen et al. concluded from a sample comparing Samaritans to several <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> populations, all currently living in Israel—representing the <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Jews">Iraqi Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Jews">Libyan Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jews" title="Moroccan Jews">Moroccan Jews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite Jews</a>, as well as Israeli <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a>—that "the principal components analysis suggested a common ancestry of Samaritan and Jewish patrilineages. Most of the former may be traced back to a common ancestor in what is today identified as the paternally inherited Israelite high priesthood (Cohanim) with a common ancestor projected to the time of the Assyrian conquest of the kingdom of Israel." The mitochondrial lineages of Samaritans were closest to Iraqi Jewish and Palestinian mtDNA sequences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShenLaviKivisildChou2004-134">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Figures">Figures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Figures">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shomroni_tora2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shomroni_tora2.jpg/170px-Shomroni_tora2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shomroni_tora2.jpg/255px-Shomroni_tora2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shomroni_tora2.jpg/340px-Shomroni_tora2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>A Samaritan and the Samaritan Torah</figcaption></figure> There were 1 million Samaritans in biblical times,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbati2013-135">[119]</a> but in recent times the numbers are smaller. There were 100 in 1786 and 141 in 1919,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESamUp2022-1">[1]</a> then 150 in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbati2013-135">[119]</a> This grew to 745 in 2011, 751 in 2012, 756 in 2013, 760 in 2014, 777 in 2015, 785 in 2016, 796 in 2017, 810 in 2018 and 820 in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESamUp2022-1">[1]</a> The Samaritan community dropped in numbers during the various periods of Muslim rule in the region. The Samaritans could not rely on foreign assistance as much as the Christians did, nor on a large number of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">diaspora</a> immigrants as did the Jews. The once-flourishing community declined over time, either through emigration or <a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Islam" title="Conversion to Islam">conversion to Islam</a> among those who remained.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrlich202233-104">[89]</a> Today, half reside in modern homes at Kiryat Luza on Mount Gerizim, which is sacred to them, and the rest in the city of <a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a>, just outside <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman2007-128">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenblatt2002-129">[113]</a> There are also four Samaritan families residing in <a href="/wiki/Binyamina-Giv%27at_Ada" title="Binyamina-Giv'at Ada">Binyamina-Giv'at Ada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matan,_Israel" title="Matan, Israel">Matan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a>. As a small community physically divided between neighbors in a hostile region, Samaritans have been hesitant to overtly take sides in the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>, fearing that doing so could lead to negative repercussions. Samaritans who are Israeli citizens are drafted into the military, along with the Jewish citizens of Israel. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aabed-El_ben_Asher.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Aabed-El_ben_Asher.png/220px-Aabed-El_ben_Asher.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Aabed-El_ben_Asher.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>The current Samaritan High Priest: "Aabed El Ben Asher Ben Matzliach", 133rd generation since Elazar the Son of Aaron The Priest, from the line of Ithamar. In priestly office 2013–present.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_Samaritans_praying_during_Passover_holiday_ceremony_on_mount_Grizim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Samaritans_praying_during_Passover_holiday_ceremony_on_mount_Grizim.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Samaritans_praying_during_Passover_holiday_ceremony_on_mount_Grizim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Samaritans_praying_during_Passover_holiday_ceremony_on_mount_Grizim.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Samaritans_praying_during_Passover_holiday_ceremony_on_mount_Grizim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Samaritans_praying_during_Passover_holiday_ceremony_on_mount_Grizim.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Samaritans_praying_during_Passover_holiday_ceremony_on_mount_Grizim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Samaritans celebrating Passover on Mount Gerizim in the West Bank</figcaption></figure> Relations of Samaritans with <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Muslim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian Palestinians</a> in neighboring areas have been mixed. Samaritans living in both Israel and in the West Bank have <a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship_law" title="Israeli citizenship law">Israeli citizenship</a>. Samaritans in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>-ruled territories are a minority in the midst of a Muslim majority. They had a reserved seat in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1996_Palestinian_general_election" title="1996 Palestinian general election">election of 1996</a>, but they no longer have one. Samaritans living in the West Bank have been granted <a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">passports</a> by both Israel and the Palestinian Authority. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_survival">Community survival</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Community survival">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cousin_marriage_in_the_Middle_East" title="Cousin marriage in the Middle East">Cousin marriage in the Middle East</a></div> One of the biggest problems facing the community today is the issue of continuity. With such a small population, divided into only four families or houses (<a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Cohen</a>, Tsedakah, Danafi, and Marhiv, with the Matar family dying out in 1968),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsedaka2018-136">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[q]</a> and a general refusal to accept converts, it is common for Samaritans to marry within their extended families, even first cousins. There has been a history of <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</a> within the group due to the small <a href="/wiki/Gene_pool" title="Gene pool">gene pool</a>. To counter this, the Holon Samaritan community has allowed men from the community to marry non-Samaritan (primarily, Israeli Jewish) women, provided that the women agree to follow Samaritan religious practices. There is a six-month trial period before officially joining the Samaritan community to see whether this is a commitment that the woman would like to take. This often poses a problem for the women, who are typically less than eager to adopt the strict interpretation of biblical (Levitical) laws regarding <a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">menstruation</a>, by which they must live in a separate dwelling during their periods and after <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>. There have been a few instances of <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_marriage" title="Interfaith marriage">intermarriage</a>. In addition, all marriages within the Samaritan community are first approved by a <a href="/wiki/Geneticist" title="Geneticist">geneticist</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sheba_Medical_Center" title="Sheba Medical Center">Tel HaShomer Hospital</a>, in order to prevent the spread of genetic disorders. In meetings arranged by "<a href="/wiki/Mail-order_bride" title="Mail-order bride">international marriage agencies</a>",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatience2007-138">[121]</a> a small number of women from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> who agree to observe Samaritan religious practices have been allowed to marry into the Qiryat Luza Samaritan community in an effort to expand the gene pool.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson2013-139">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENammari2013-140">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a> is reported to have been practiced among Samaritans up until sometime in the 19th century. Today it is practically unheard of, due to the low availability of women and, among those Samaritans living within Israeli territory, it being illegal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchreiber2014-141">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrown1989660-143">[126]</a> The Samaritan community in Israel also faces demographic challenges as some young people leave the community and convert to Judaism. A notable example is Israeli television presenter <a href="/wiki/Sofi_Tsedaka" title="Sofi Tsedaka">Sofi Tsedaka</a>, who has made a documentary about her leaving the community at age 18.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinberg2017-144">[127]</a> The head of the community is the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_High_Priest" title="Samaritan High Priest">Samaritan High Priest</a>, who is the 133rd generation since <a href="/wiki/Ithamar" title="Ithamar">Ithamar</a>, a son of Aaron the priest's line from 1624 CE onward; before then, the line of priesthood went through <a href="/wiki/Eleazar" title="Eleazar">Elazar</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Aaron_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aaron (biblical figure)">Aaron</a> the priest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Samaritans_High_Priests-145">[128]</a> The current high priest is <a href="/wiki/Aabed-El_ben_Asher_ben_Matzliach" title="Aabed-El ben Asher ben Matzliach">Aabed-El ben Asher ben Matzliach</a> who assumed the office on 19 April 2013. The High Priest of every generation is selected by the eldest in age from the priestly family and resides on Mount Gerizim.<a href="#cite_note-146">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samaritan_origins_of_Palestinian_Muslims_in_Nablus_and_its_vicinity">Samaritan origins of Palestinian Muslims in Nablus and its vicinity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Samaritan origins of Palestinian Muslims in Nablus and its vicinity">edit</a>]</div> Much of the local <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian population</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> is believed to be descended from Samaritans who converted to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIreton2003-120">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Zvi19858-147">[130]</a> Traditions of Samaritan ancestry were also recorded in villages in the vicinity, such as <a href="/wiki/Hajjah,_Qalqilya" title="Hajjah, Qalqilya">Hajjah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-148">[131]</a> Even today, certain Nabulsi family names such as Al-Amad, Al-Samri, Maslamani, Yaish, and Shakhsheer among others, are associated with Samaritan ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIreton2003-120">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYousefBarghouti2005-126">[110]</a> The Yaish family of Nablus, for example, is said to be descended from the Samaritan Mitawiyah family of the Tribe of Manasseh, founded by Mitwayyah, who himself descended from Magged, a person who lived in the 7th century.<a href="#cite_note-149">[132]</a> According to the historian Fayyad Altif, large numbers of Samaritans converted due to persecution under various Muslim rulers, and because the monotheistic nature of Islam made it easy for them to accept it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIreton2003-120">[104]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> period, economic hardships, social disorder, and pressure from Muslim attackers, drove many Samaritans to convert to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-:1-106">[91]</a> Later, the <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">al-Hakim</a> Edict issued by the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> in 1021, ordering Jews and Christians in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Levant" title="Southern Levant">Southern Levant</a> to convert to Islam or leave, along with another forced conversion by the rebel ibn Firāsa,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy-Rubin2000257–276-6">[5]</a> hastened the Samaritans' rapid decline and nearly led to their extinction as a distinct religious community. The Samaritans themselves describe the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman period</a> as the worst period in their modern history, as many Samaritan families were forced to convert to Islam during that time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYousefBarghouti2005-126">[110]</a> As a result, the Samaritans decreased from nearly a million and a half[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] in late Roman (Byzantine) times to 146 people by the end of the Ottoman period. Samaritan historian Benyamim Tsedaka noted that many Samaritans who converted to Islam retained their original surnames, passing them on to future generations. Consequently, in most villages with names of Hebrew origin, but altered by Arabic pronunciation, Arab families still bear the surnames of their Samaritan ancestors. In Nablus itself, he notes, some Muslims openly acknowledge their Samaritan ancestry. For instance, in 1968, <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> militant Naser Sharshir suggested the possibility of having Samaritan blood in his lineage, tracing back to his great-grandfather.<a href="#cite_note-150">[133]</a> In 1940, Israeli historian and future president <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a> wrote an article in which he stated that two thirds of the residents of Nablus and the surrounding neighboring villages were of Samaritan origin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Zvi19858-147">[130]</a> He mentioned the name of several Palestinian Muslim families as having Samaritan origins, including the Al-Amad, Al-Samri, Buwarda and Kasem families, who protected Samaritans from Muslim persecution in the 1850s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Zvi19858-147">[130]</a> Additionally, he wrote that these families had written records testifying to their Samaritan ancestry, which were maintained by their priests and elders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Zvi19858-147">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Samaritanism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaritan_Passover_prayer_1920.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Samaritan_Passover_prayer_1920.JPG/220px-Samaritan_Passover_prayer_1920.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Samaritan_Passover_prayer_1920.JPG/330px-Samaritan_Passover_prayer_1920.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Samaritan_Passover_prayer_1920.JPG/440px-Samaritan_Passover_prayer_1920.JPG 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Samaritans pray before the Holy Rock on Mount Gerizim.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a> is centered on the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a>, which Samaritans believe to be the original and unaltered version of the Torah that was given to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> and the Israelites on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)" title="Mount Sinai (Bible)">Mount Sinai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[134]</a> The Samaritan Pentateuch contains some differences from the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic version</a> of the Torah used in Judaism; according to Samaritan tradition, key parts of the Jewish text were fabricated by <a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[r]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua_(Samaritan)" title="Book of Joshua (Samaritan)">Samaritan version of the Book of Joshua</a> also differs from <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">the Jewish version</a>, which focuses on <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a>. According to Samaritan tradition, <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> built a temple (al-haikal) on Mount Gerizim and placed therein a <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">tabernacle</a> (al-maškan) in the second year of the Israelites' entry into the land of <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPummer2011125–131-153">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[s]</a> According to Samaritan scripture and tradition, Mount Gerizim, located near the Biblical city of <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a> (on the southern side of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>), has been venerated as the holiest place for the Israelites since the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a>, long before the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> was established under <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">Davidic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomonic</a> rule over the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Kingdom of Israel</a>. This view differs from Jewish belief which views the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> as the holiest site in the world to worship <a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">God</a>. It is commonly taught in Samaritan tradition that there are 13 references to Mount Gerizim in the Torah to prove their claim of holiness in contrast to Judaism, which relies solely on the later <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Judaism" title="Prophets in Judaism">Jewish prophets</a> and writings to back <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">their claims of the holiness of Jerusalem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEISII:_Four_unique_principles-155">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsedakaSullivan201328-156">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[138]</a> Other Samaritan tradition books include the Memar <a href="/wiki/Marqah" title="Marqah">Marqah</a> (The teachings of Marqah), the Samaritan liturgy known as "the Defter", and Samaritan law codes and biblical commentaries. Samaritans outside the Holy Land observe most Samaritan practices and rituals such as the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>, ritual purity, and all festivals of Samaritanism with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Passover_sacrifice" title="Passover sacrifice">Passover sacrifice</a>, which can only be observed at Mount Gerizim.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location_of_sacrifice">Location of sacrifice</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Location of sacrifice">edit</a>]</div> According to Samaritans,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEgrizimtour.com-158">[139]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] it was on Mount Gerizim that Abraham was commanded by God to <a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">offer his son Isaac</a> as a sacrifice.<a href="#cite_note-159">[140]</a> God then causes the sacrifice to be interrupted, explaining that this was the ultimate test of Abraham's obedience, as a result of which all the world would be blessed. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Fenn._Ruins_on_the_summit_of_Mount_Gerizim,_on_the_site_of_the_Samaritan_temple._1881-1884.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Harry_Fenn._Ruins_on_the_summit_of_Mount_Gerizim%2C_on_the_site_of_the_Samaritan_temple._1881-1884.jpg/220px-Harry_Fenn._Ruins_on_the_summit_of_Mount_Gerizim%2C_on_the_site_of_the_Samaritan_temple._1881-1884.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Harry_Fenn._Ruins_on_the_summit_of_Mount_Gerizim%2C_on_the_site_of_the_Samaritan_temple._1881-1884.jpg/330px-Harry_Fenn._Ruins_on_the_summit_of_Mount_Gerizim%2C_on_the_site_of_the_Samaritan_temple._1881-1884.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Harry_Fenn._Ruins_on_the_summit_of_Mount_Gerizim%2C_on_the_site_of_the_Samaritan_temple._1881-1884.jpg/440px-Harry_Fenn._Ruins_on_the_summit_of_Mount_Gerizim%2C_on_the_site_of_the_Samaritan_temple._1881-1884.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1757" data-file-height="1207" /></a><figcaption>Ruins on Mount Gerizim <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1880.</figcaption></figure> The Torah mentions the place where God chooses to establish his name (Deuteronomy 12:5),<a href="#cite_note-160">[141]</a> and Judaism believes this refers to Jerusalem. In contrast, the Samaritan text speaks of the place where God has chosen to establish his name, and Samaritans identify it as Mount Gerizim, making it the focus of their spiritual values. The legitimacy of the Judaic versus Samaritan belief was argued by Jewish scholar <a href="/wiki/Andronicus_ben_Meshullam" title="Andronicus ben Meshullam">Andronicus ben Meshullam</a> in the 2nd century BCE at the court of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">King Ptolemy VI Philometor</a>. In the New Testament, the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> describes an <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">encounter</a> between a Samaritan woman and <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. When the woman realizes that Jesus is the Messiah, she asks Him whether Mount Gerizim or Jerusalem is where God commanded Abraham to bind Isaac. Jesus affirms the Judaic belief, saying "You [the Samaritans] worship what you do not know"; although he also says, "a time is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem."<a href="#cite_note-161">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_beliefs">Religious beliefs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Religious beliefs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></div> <ul><li>There is one <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, <a href="/wiki/YHWH" class="mw-redirect" title="YHWH">YHWH</a>, (informally referred to by Samaritans as <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism#HaShem" title="Names of God in Judaism">Shema</a>), the same God recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_prophets" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew prophets">Hebrew prophets</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> was given by God to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>.</li> <li>Mount Gerizim, not Jerusalem, is the one true sanctuary chosen by Israel's God.</li> <li>Many Samaritans believe that at the end of days, the dead will be <a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">resurrected</a> by the Taheb, a restorer (possibly a prophet, some say Moses).</li> <li>Resurrection and Paradise. Samaritans accept the <a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">resurrection of the dead</a> on the basis of Deuteronomy 32 also known as the <a href="/wiki/Haazinu#In_Samaritan_interpretation" title="Haazinu">Song of Moses</a>, a tradition that is traced back to their sage <a href="/wiki/Marqah" title="Marqah">Marqah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsedakaSullivan2013485-162">[143]</a></li> <li>The priests are the interpreters of the law and the keepers of tradition; scholars are secondary to the priesthood.</li> <li>The authority of post-Torah sections of the Tanakh, and classical Jewish <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinical works</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, comprising the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a>) is rejected.</li> <li>They have a <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments#Samaritan" title="Ten Commandments">significantly different version</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> (for example, their 10th commandment is about the sanctity of Mount Gerizim).</li></ul> The Samaritans have retained an offshoot of the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan alphabet">Ancient Hebrew script</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_High_Priest" title="Samaritan High Priest">High Priesthood</a>, the slaughtering and eating of <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lambs</a> on <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> eve, and the celebration of the first month's beginning around springtime as the New Year. Yom Teru'ah (the biblical name for "<a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a>"), at the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Tishrei" title="Tishrei">Tishrei</a>, is not considered a <a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a> as it is in Rabbinic Judaism. The <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a> differs from the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> as well. Some differences are doctrinal: for example, the Samaritan Torah explicitly states that Mount Gerizim is "the place that God has chosen" to establish his name, as opposed to the Jewish Torah that refers to "the place that God chooses". Other differences are minor and seem more or less accidental. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaritans.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samaritans, from a photo c. 1900 by the Palestine Exploration Fund."><img alt="Samaritans, from a photo c. 1900 by the Palestine Exploration Fund." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Samaritans.jpg/200px-Samaritans.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Samaritans.jpg/300px-Samaritans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Samaritans.jpg/400px-Samaritans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="336" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Samaritans, from a photo <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1900 by the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lilien_The_Samaritan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Samaritan, engraving, c, by Ephraim Moses Lilien. 1920"><img alt="The Samaritan, engraving, c, by Ephraim Moses Lilien. 1920" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lilien_The_Samaritan.jpg/110px-Lilien_The_Samaritan.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lilien_The_Samaritan.jpg/166px-Lilien_The_Samaritan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lilien_The_Samaritan.jpg/221px-Lilien_The_Samaritan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="1197" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Samaritan, engraving, c, by <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Moses_Lilien" title="Ephraim Moses Lilien">Ephraim Moses Lilien</a>. 1920</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2106_WLM_-_OVEDC_-_Mount_Gerizim_-_SUKUT_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sukkot on Mount Gerizim"><img alt="Sukkot on Mount Gerizim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/2106_WLM_-_OVEDC_-_Mount_Gerizim_-_SUKUT_15.jpg/200px-2106_WLM_-_OVEDC_-_Mount_Gerizim_-_SUKUT_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/2106_WLM_-_OVEDC_-_Mount_Gerizim_-_SUKUT_15.jpg/300px-2106_WLM_-_OVEDC_-_Mount_Gerizim_-_SUKUT_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/2106_WLM_-_OVEDC_-_Mount_Gerizim_-_SUKUT_15.jpg/400px-2106_WLM_-_OVEDC_-_Mount_Gerizim_-_SUKUT_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> on Mount Gerizim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bitknest2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to a modern Samaritan synagogue in the city of Holon, Israel"><img alt="Entrance to a modern Samaritan synagogue in the city of Holon, Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bitknest2.jpg/200px-Bitknest2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bitknest2.jpg/300px-Bitknest2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bitknest2.jpg/400px-Bitknest2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="371" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to a modern Samaritan synagogue in the city of <a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a>, Israel</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_to_Rabbinic_Judaism">Relationship to Rabbinic Judaism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Relationship to Rabbinic Judaism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samaritan_doorpost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Samaritan_doorpost.jpg/170px-Samaritan_doorpost.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Samaritan_doorpost.jpg/255px-Samaritan_doorpost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Samaritan_doorpost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>The Samaritan <a href="/wiki/Mezuzah" title="Mezuzah">mezuzah</a> engraved above the front door</figcaption></figure> Samaritans refer to themselves as Benai Yisrael ("<a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">Children of Israel</a>"), which is a term used by all Jewish denominations as a name for the Jewish people as a whole. They, however, do not refer to themselves as Yehudim (literally "Judeans"), the standard Hebrew name for Jews. The Talmudic attitude expressed in <a href="/wiki/Minor_tractate" title="Minor tractate">tractate Kutim</a> is that they are to be treated as Jews in matters where their practice coincides with Rabbinic Judaism but as non-Jews where their practice differs. Some claim that since the 19th century, Rabbinic Judaism has regarded the Samaritans as a Jewish sect and the term "Samaritan Jews" has been used for them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESela1994255–266-9">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_texts">Religious texts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Religious texts">edit</a>]</div> Samaritan law is not the same as <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a> (Rabbinic Jewish law). The Samaritans have several groups of religious texts, which correspond to Jewish Halakha. A few examples of such texts are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a>: There are some 6,000 differences between the Samaritan Pentateuch and the Masoretic Jewish Pentateuch text; and, according to one estimate, 1,900 points of agreement between it and the Greek LXX version. Several passages in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> would also appear to echo a Torah textual tradition consistent with that conserved in the Samaritan text. There are several theories regarding the similarities. The variations, some corroborated by readings in the Old Latin, Syriac and Ethiopian translations, attest to the antiquity of the Samaritan text.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKamFlint200595-163">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw201324-164">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeeligmann200464ff-165">[146]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Historical writings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Chronicle,_The_Tolidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Chronicle, The Tolidah">Samaritan Chronicle, The Tolidah</a> (Creation to the time of Abishah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua_(Samaritan)" title="Book of Joshua (Samaritan)">Samaritan Chronicle, The Chronicle of Joshua</a> (Israel during the time of divine favor) (4th century, in Arabic and Aramaic)</li> <li>Samaritan Chronicle, Adler (Israel from the time of divine disfavor until the exile)</li> <li>Samaritan Chronicle, <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fath" title="Abu'l-Fath">The Kitab al-Tarikh of Abu 'l-Fath</a> (Historical chronology from Adam to Mohammad)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">Hagiographical</a> texts <ul><li>Samaritan Halakhic Text, The Hillukh (Code of Halakha, marriage, circumcision, etc.)</li> <li>Samaritan Halakhic Text, The Kitab at-Tabbah (Halakha and interpretation of some verses and chapters from the Torah, written by Abu Al Hassan 12th century CE)</li> <li>Samaritan Halakhic Text, The Kitab al-Kafi (Book of Halakha, written by Yosef Al Ascar 14th century CE)</li> <li>Al-Asatir—legendary Aramaic texts from the 11th and 12th centuries, containing: <ul><li>Haggadic Midrash, Abu'l Hasan al-Suri</li> <li>Haggadic Midrash, Memar Markah—3rd or 4th century theological treatises attributed to Hakkam Markha</li> <li>Haggadic Midrash, Pinkhas on the Taheb</li> <li>Haggadic Midrash, Molad Maseh (On the birth of Moses)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Defter, prayer book of psalms and hymns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman1977-166">[147]</a></li> <li>Samaritan Haggadah<a href="#cite_note-167">[148]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_sources:_New_Testament">Christian sources: New Testament</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Christian sources: New Testament">edit</a>]</div> Samaria or Samaritans are mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> books of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> contains no mention of Samaritans or Samaria. The best known reference to the Samaritans is the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Parable of the Good Samaritan</a>, found in the Gospel of Luke. The following references are found: <ul><li>When instructing his disciples as to how they should spread the word, Jesus tells them not to visit any Gentile or Samaritan city, but instead, go to the "lost sheep of Israel".<a href="#cite_note-168">[149]</a></li> <li>A Samaritan village rejected a request from messengers travelling ahead of Jesus for hospitality, because the villagers did not want to facilitate a pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, a practice which they saw as a violation of the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Moses" title="Law of Moses">Law of Moses</a>. Two of his disciples want to "call down fire from heaven and destroy them," but Jesus rebukes them.<a href="#cite_note-169">[150]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Parable of the Good Samaritan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> healed ten <a href="/wiki/Leper" class="mw-redirect" title="Leper">lepers</a>, of whom only one returned to praise God, and he was a Samaritan.<a href="#cite_note-171">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20191-172">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20191-172">[153]</a></li> <li>Jesus asks <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">a Samaritan woman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Sychar</a> for water from <a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Well" title="Jacob's Well">Jacob's Well</a>, and after spending two days telling her townsfolk "all things" as the woman expected <a href="/wiki/The_Messiah" class="mw-redirect" title="The Messiah">the Messiah</a> to do, and presumably repeating the <a href="/wiki/Good_News_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good News (Christianity)">Good News</a> that he is the Messiah, many Samaritans <a href="/wiki/John_4#Evangelization_of_the_Samaritans_(4:27–42)" title="John 4">become followers of Jesus</a>. He accepts without comment the woman's assertion that she and her people are Israelites, descendants of Jacob.<a href="#cite_note-173">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20191-172">[153]</a></li> <li>Jesus is accused of being a Samaritan and being demon-possessed. He denies the latter accusation explicitly, and denies the former previously—having already done so in his conversation with the Samaritan woman.<a href="#cite_note-174">[155]</a></li> <li>Christ tells the apostles that they would receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon them and that they would be his witnesses in "Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth."<a href="#cite_note-175">[156]</a></li> <li>The Apostles are being persecuted. Philip preaches the Gospel to a city in Samaria, and the Apostles in Jerusalem hear about it. So they send the Apostles Peter and John to pray for and lay hands on the baptized believers, who then receive the Holy Spirit (vs. 17). They then return to Jerusalem, preaching the Gospel "in many villages of the Samaritans".<a href="#cite_note-176">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20192-37">[27]</a></li> <li>Acts 9:31 says that at that time the churches had "rest throughout all Judaea and Galilee and Samaria".</li> <li>Acts 15:2–3 says that Paul and Barnabas were "being brought on their way by the church" and that they passed through "Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles". (Phoenicia in several other English versions).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Samaritans">Notable Samaritans</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notable Samaritans">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanballat_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanballat I">Sanballat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_of_Heliopolis" title="Eudokia of Heliopolis">Eudokia of Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Rabba" title="Baba Rabba">Baba Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justa_(rebel)" title="Justa (rebel)">Justa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_of_Neapolis" title="Marinus of Neapolis">Marinus of Neapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofi_Tsedaka" title="Sofi Tsedaka">Sofi Tsedaka</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Samaritan residents in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> have dual citizenship under the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> (<a href="#CITEREFSabella2011">Sabella 2011</a>, p. 75,n.4). </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Minor_tractate" title="Minor tractate">Tractate Kutim</a> 2:8: "They can only be accepted if they renounce Mount Gerizim, and recognize Jerusalem and the resurrection of the dead." (<a href="#CITEREFStern2018">Stern 2018</a>, p. 105) </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> "Since they attach great importance to their identity as the true Israelites, they added a note that their self-identification is not 'Samaritans', but 'Israelites whose center of life is Mt. Gerizim'. Generally, they call themselves 'Israelite Samaritans'." (<a href="#CITEREFPummer2016">Pummer 2016</a>, p. 2) </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Samareis Σαμαρεῖς (49 times); Samar(e)itai Σαμαρ(ε)ιται (18); Sikimitai Σικιμῖται (17 times); Hebraioi Ἑβραῖοι and Khouthaoi Χουθαοι (8 times). The form Σαμαρεῖται was the term favoured in the Persian period, but scribes transmitting Josephus's works used the forms interchangeably (<a href="#CITEREFKartveit2009">Kartveit 2009</a>, pp. 71–79, 71–73). </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> "Once <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Salmanasses</a> had then deported the Israelites, he settled in their place the nation of Chouthaites (τὸ τϖν Χουθαίων ἔθνος), who previously were in the interior of Persia and Media. Thereafter, however, they were called the Samareians (Σαμαρεῖς) getting this name from the country in which they were settled. Josephus, <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a> 10:184." (<a href="#CITEREFKartveit2009">Kartveit 2009</a>, p. 74) </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> "(The Chouthaioi brought to Samaria their own gods and worshipped them and thereby) provoked the Most High God to anger and wrath. ... And so they sent some elders to the king of the Assyrians and asked him to send priests.. and after being instructed in the laws and worship of this God, they worshipped him with great zeal. ... They continue to practice these same customs even to this day, those who are called Chouthaioi in the Hebrew language, and Samareitai (Σαμαρείται) in the Greek; those who alternatively (πρὸς μεταβολὴν) call themselves their relatives whenever they see things going well for the Jews, as if they were descendants of Joseph and had family ties with them in virtue of that origin; when, however, they see that things are going badly for them (i.e., for the Jews), they say that they are not at all close to them and that they have no claim to their loyalty or race; instead they make themselves out to be migrants of another nation(μετοίκους ἀλλοεθνεῖς)." Josephus, <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a> 9.288-291 (<a href="#CITEREFKartveit2009">Kartveit 2009</a>, p. 74). </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Joseph also uses the term "those of Gerizim" (τϖν ἐν Γαριζείν) <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a> 12:7 (<a href="#CITEREFKartveit2009">Kartveit 2009</a>, p. 72). </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Shlomo Hofman paraphrases their traditional view as follows: "Until that time, the Ark of the Covenant had been kept at the sanctuary of YHWH on Mt. Gerizim. According to this tradition, the priest Eli was prevented from rising to the high priesthood because he was of the family of Itamar, not the high priestly family of Eleazar. Nevertheless, he took the Ark of the Covenant from Mt. Gerizim to Shiloh and established a rival cult there. As a result of this, two centers of the priesthood arose. One center was on Mt. Gerizim, at whose head stood the legitimate high priest, Uzzi (a descendant of Phineas and of the family Eleazar). The second (heretical) priesthood was at Shiloh, and the priest Eli, a descendant of Itamar, was at its head." (<a href="#CITEREFHofman2007">Hofman 2007</a>, p. 719) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Josephus, <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars of the Jews">Wars of the Jews</a> 1:62; <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a> 13:154–256 (<a href="#CITEREFPummer2009">Pummer 2009</a>, pp. 200–210). </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> "The settlement upheaval and destruction of the Northern Kingdom occurred in the late eighth century BCE, followed by the Assyrian resettlement of peoples brought from neighbouring lands. Presumably these peoples joined the remnant that was left in Samaria. These fateful historical events hardly left any traces in the material culture of Samaria. ... (Challenging <a href="/wiki/Adam_Zertal" title="Adam Zertal">Adam Zertal</a>'s use of Cuthean for this period, Magen continues) Cuth was one of several cities from which various peoples were brought to Samaria (2 Kings 17:24). To spite the Samaritans, the Sages dubbed them 'Cutheans'," (<a href="#CITEREFMagen2007">Magen 2007</a>, p. 177 and n.3) </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> "A terrible civil war broke out between Eli son of Yafni, of the line of Ithamar, and the sons of Pincus (<a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a>), because Eli son of Yafni resolved to usurp the High Priesthood from the descendants of Pincus. He used to offer sacrifices on an altar of stones. He was 50 years old, endowed with wealth and in charge of the treasury of the Children of Israel. ...He offered a sacrifice on the altar, but without salt, as if he were inattentive. When the Great High Priest Ozzi learned of this, and found the sacrifice was not accepted, he thoroughly disowned him; and it is (even) said that he rebuked him. Thereupon he and the group that sympathized with him, rose in revolt and at once he and his followers and his beasts set off for Shiloh. Thus Israel split in factions. He sent to their leaders saying to them, 'Anyone who would like to see wonderful things, let him come to me.' Then he assembled a large group around him in Shiloh, and built a Temple for himself there; he constructed a place like the Temple (on Mount Gerizim). He built an altar, omitting no detail—it all corresponded to the original, piece by piece. At this time the Children of Israel split into three factions. A loyal faction on Mount Gerizim; a heretical faction that followed false gods; and the faction that followed Eli son of Yafni in Shiloh." (<a href="#CITEREFAndersonGiles2001">Anderson & Giles 2001</a>, pp. 11–12) </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> "The author of Chronicles conceals the information that is given prominence in Kings, and vice versa. [...] The books of <a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a> adopt a narrow sectarian approach that seeks to maintain the uniqueness and racial purity of the exiles in Babylonia, while Chronicles is more broad-minded and views the Israelite nation as a great people that includes all the tribes, both Judah and Israel." (<a href="#CITEREFMagen2007">Magen 2007</a>, p. 187) </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> "The laymen also possess their traditional claims. They are all of the tribe of Joseph, except those of the tribe of Benjamin, but this traditional branch of people, which, the Chronicles assert, was established at Gaza in earlier days, seems to have disappeared. There exists an aristocratic feeling amongst the different families in this community, and some are very proud over their pedigree and the great men it had produced." (<a href="#CITEREFMontgomery2006">Montgomery 2006</a>, p. 32) </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> "if one considers the general framework, the Samaritans are used by Josephus as a group that forms a negative counterpart to the loyal Jews, an example of people who try to exploit the ruling powers and who are justly punished for that." (<a href="#CITEREFKartveit2009">Kartveit 2009</a>, p. 72); "For many centuries, more precisely since the days of Flavius Josephus the account in 2 Kings 17:24–41 was accepted as accurate description of the origin of the Samaritans. They were seen as descendants of pagan colonist converts from Cutha in Persia, and were therefore called 'Cutheans' However, recent research has shown that this tradition was the result of polemics against the Samaritans, and cannot be accepted as historical."(<a href="#CITEREFPummer1997">Pummer 1997</a>, p. 118) </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Josephus sets the date for the destruction at 128 BCE. Israeli archaeology has established that the destruction levels are compatible only with a later date, around 110 BCE (<a href="#CITEREFKartveit2009">Kartveit 2009</a>, p. 193). </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_of_Tudela" title="Benjamin of Tudela">Benjamin of Tudela</a>, who passed through the region in 1170, said that the Samaritan population was more numerous than that of the Jews (1,200) and estimated there were 1,000 Samaritans in Nablus, 200 in Caesarea and 300 in Ascalon, not mentioning those in Acre and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>. He also counted 400 in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> (<a href="#CITEREFKedar1989">Kedar 1989</a>, p. 84). </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> A process of <a href="/wiki/Segmentary_lineage" title="Segmentary lineage">segmentation</a> has slightly multiplied this number (<a href="#CITEREFSchreiber2014">Schreiber 2014</a>, pp. 164–167). </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> "Samaritan and Islamic scholars, as well as several of the Church Fathers, argue that Ezra falsified the Bible when he rewrote it and that the Torah we have now could not be the same as the one that Moses dictated." (<a href="#CITEREFFried2014">Fried 2014</a>, p. 141) </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> "The Samaritan Tolidah Chronicle assumes a period of 260 years for the 'Time of Divine Favour'...A few years ago Abram Spiro suggested that if we calculate 360 years backwards from the point of time of the destruction of the Samaritan temple by John Hyrcanus, then we arrive at 388 B.C. as an entirely possible date for the construction of the Samaritan temple on Mt Gerizim. Thus Spiro considered the 260 'years of divine favour' to be the time in which the Samaritans possessed a temple, and he thought they had projected this back into the time of Moses since they had no ancient history."(<a href="#CITEREFBowman2004">Bowman 2004</a>, p. 35) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESamUp2022-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamUp2022_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamUp2022_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamUp2022_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamUp2022_1-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFSamUp2022">SamUp 2022</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShenLaviKivisildChou2004825–826,_828–829,_826–857-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShenLaviKivisildChou2004825–826,_828–829,_826–857_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShenLaviKivisildChou2004825–826,_828–829,_826–857_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFShenLaviKivisildChou2004">Shen et al. 2004</a>, pp. 825–826, 828–829, 826–857. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Deuteronomy 16:6 (Samaritan Version) "Has Chosen" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNESCO2017-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNESCO2017_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNESCO2017">UNESCO 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy-Rubin2000257–276-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevy-Rubin2000257–276_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevy-Rubin2000257–276_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevy-Rubin2000">Levy-Rubin 2000</a>, pp. 257–276. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrownPummerTal199370–71-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrownPummerTal199370–71_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrownPummerTal1993">Crown, Pummer & Tal 1993</a>, pp. 70–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-update-8"><a href="#cite_ref-update_8-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesamaritanupdate.com/">"The Samaritan Update: An Internet Newsletter & Archive Regarding the Samaritan-Israelites"</a>. 4 March 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024. <q>The Samaritans call themselves Bene-Yisrael "Children of Israel", or Shamerim "Observant Ones"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Samaritan+Update%3A+An+Internet+Newsletter+%26+Archive+Regarding+the+Samaritan-Israelites&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesamaritanupdate.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESela1994255–266-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESela1994255–266_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESela1994255–266_9-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSela1994">Sela 1994</a>, pp. 255–266. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsedaka2015-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsedaka2015_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTsedaka2015">Tsedaka 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEISII:_Keepers-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEISII:_Keepers_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFISII:_Keepers">ISII: Keepers</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Samaritan">"Samaritan"</a>. Britannica. Retrieved 14 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Samaritan&rft.pub=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FSamaritan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20199–10-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit20199–10_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKartveit2019">Kartveit 2019</a>, pp. 9–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManzur1979-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManzur1979_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManzur1979">Manzur 1979</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowman1963" class="citation journal cs1">Bowman, John (8 February 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20832712">"BANŪ ISRĀ'ĪL IN THE QUR'ĀN"</a>. Islamic Studies. 2 (4). Islamic Research Institute: 447–455. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20832712">20832712</a>. Retrieved 14 September 2023. <q>This tiny community called by the Jews and the Christians, the Samaritans, call themselves Israel or Shomerim, the Keepers (of the Torah, i.e., Tawr?t).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Studies&rft.atitle=BAN%C5%AA+ISR%C4%80%27%C4%AAL+IN+THE+QUR%27%C4%80N&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=447-455&rft.date=1963-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20832712%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20832712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-samaritans.net/">"The Samaritan Identity"</a>. The Israelite Samaritan Community in Israel. Retrieved 15 September 2023. <q>Our real name is, 'Bene- Yisrael Ha -Shamerem (D'nU- -D'7nU) – in Hebrew , which means 'The Keepers', or to be precise, the Israelite – Keepers, as we observe the ancient Israelite tradition, since the time of our prophet Moses and the people of Israel. The modern terms, 'Samaritans' and 'Jews', given by the Assyrians, indicate the settlement of the Samaritans in the area of Samaria, and the Jews in the area of Judah.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Samaritan+Identity&rft.pub=The+Israelite+Samaritan+Community+in+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-samaritans.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelite-samaritans.com/history/keepers-israelite-samaritan-identity/">"The Keepers: Israelite Samaritan Identity"</a>. Israelite Samaritan Information Institute. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2023. <q>We are not Samaritans; this is what the Assyrians called the people of Samaria. We, The Keepers, Sons of Israel, Keepers of the Word of the Torah, never adopted the name Samaritans. Our forefathers only used the name when speaking to outsiders about our community. Through the ages we have referred to ourselves as The Keepers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Keepers%3A+Israelite+Samaritan+Identity&rft.pub=Israelite+Samaritan+Information+Institute&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelite-samaritans.com%2Fhistory%2Fkeepers-israelite-samaritan-identity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-samaritans.net/">"The Samaritans – Israelite Samaritans in Israel"</a>. Israelite Samaritan Community. Retrieved 15 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Samaritans+%E2%80%93+Israelite+Samaritans+in+Israel&rft.pub=Israelite+Samaritan+Community&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-samaritans.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelite-samaritans.com/">"Israelite Samaritans information Institute"</a>. Retrieved 15 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israelite+Samaritans+information+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelite-samaritans.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPummer2002123,_42,_156-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPummer2002123,_42,_156_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPummer2002">Pummer 2002</a>, pp. 123, 42, 156. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrown1989196-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrown1989196_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrown1989">Crown 1989</a>, p. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpiphanius200930-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpiphanius200930_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEpiphanius2009">Epiphanius 2009</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried2014148-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried2014148_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFried2014">Fried 2014</a>, p. 148. </li> <li 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit20193_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKartveit2019">Kartveit 2019</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20192–3-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit20192–3_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKartveit2019">Kartveit 2019</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit200938-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit200938_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKartveit2009">Kartveit 2009</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2009353-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2009353_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCoogan2009">Coogan 2009</a>, p. 353. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Josephus, <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities</a> 9.277–91 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> See the wording of 2 Kings 17 which mentions <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser</a> in verse 3 but the "king of the Assyrians" from verse 4 onward. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09b17.htm#24">2 Kings 17:24</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09b17.htm#25">2 Kings 17:25–33</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2030:1&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 30:1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2030:10–11&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 30:10–11</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2030:18&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 30:18</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Chronicles#34:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles 34:9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Jeremiah#41:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Jeremiah">Jeremiah 41:5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagen2007186-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagen2007186_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagen2007">Magen 2007</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagen2007187-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagen2007187_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagen2007">Magen 2007</a>, p. 187. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZertal198977–84-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZertal198977–84_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZertal1989">Zertal 1989</a>, pp. 77–84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit200978,_82-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit200978,_82_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKartveit2009">Kartveit 2009</a>, pp. 78, 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit200974-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit200974_57-0">^</a> <a 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New York: T&T Clark. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-03254-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-03254-6"><bdi>978-0-567-03254-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Israel%3A+What+Do+We+Know+and+How+Do+We+Know+It%3F&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-567-03254-6&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.aufirst=Lester+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2017:24&version=nrsv">2 Kings 17:24</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%2030:1&version=nrsv">2 Chronicles 30:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalmon200225–27-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalmon200225–27_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalmon200225–27_66-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTalmon2002">Talmon 2002</a>, pp. 25–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-67"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmallwood1976" class="citation book cs1">Smallwood, E. 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National Geographic (US). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1426202087" title="Special:BookSources/978-1426202087"><bdi>978-1426202087</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Eden+to+Exile%3A+Unraveling+Mysteries+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=National+Geographic+%28US%29&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1426202087&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.aufirst=Eric+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%2017&version=nrsv">2 Kings 17</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit2009351-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit2009351_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKartveit2009">Kartveit 2009</a>, p. 351. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOefnerShenHöltzShpirer2013-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOefnerShenHöltzShpirer2013_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOefnerShenHöltzShpirer2013">Oefner et al. 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAppelbaumAppelbaum2008-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAppelbaumAppelbaum2008_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAppelbaumAppelbaum2008">Appelbaum & Appelbaum 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1045.htm#1">Isaiah 45:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013104-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013104_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnoppers2013">Knoppers 2013</a>, p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013162-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013162_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnoppers2013">Knoppers 2013</a>, p. 162. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311080519/https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/nehemiah/11.htm">"Nehemiah 11 Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary"</a>. Biblehub.com. 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/nehemiah/11.htm">the original</a> on 11 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblehub.com&rft.atitle=Nehemiah+11+Jamieson-Fausset-Brown+Bible+Commentary&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fjfb%2Fnehemiah%2F11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013109–112-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013109–112_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnoppers2013">Knoppers 2013</a>, pp. 109–112. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagen2007178–179-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagen2007178–179_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagen2007">Magen 2007</a>, pp. 178–179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013169-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013169_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnoppers2013">Knoppers 2013</a>, p. 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013123-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013123_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnoppers2013">Knoppers 2013</a>, p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013125–133-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoppers2013125–133_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnoppers2013">Knoppers 2013</a>, pp. 125–133. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoppers20132-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoppers20132_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnoppers2013">Knoppers 2013</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonn.d.-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonn.d._83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJacksonn.d.">Jackson n.d</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodblatt2006" class="citation cs2">Goodblatt, David, ed. 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Ariel Publishing House. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85668-078-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85668-078-8"><bdi>0-85668-078-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Pilgrims+before+the+Crusades&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Ariel+Publishing+House&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-85668-078-8&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrlich202247-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrlich202247_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrlich2022">Ehrlich 2022</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mor2003-102"><a href="#cite_ref-Mor2003_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMor2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mor, Menachem (2003). 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Jerusalem, Israel: מרכז זלמן שזר לתולדות ישראל. pp. 223–224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-227-182-9" title="Special:BookSources/965-227-182-9"><bdi>965-227-182-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.btitle=%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9D%3A+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94&rft.place=Jerusalem%2C+Israel&rft.pages=223-224&rft.pub=%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96+%D7%96%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9F+%D7%A9%D7%96%D7%A8+%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=965-227-182-9&rft.aulast=Mor&rft.aufirst=Menachem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_103-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_103-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFשור2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">שור, נתן (2006). "רדיפות השומרונים בידי העבאסים והיעלמות היישוב השומרוני החקלאי". In שטרן, אפרים; אשל, חנן (eds.). ספר השומרונים [Book of the Samaritans] (in Hebrew) (2 ed.). ירושלים: יד יצחק בן-צבי; רשות העתיקות. pp. 587–590. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-217-202-2" title="Special:BookSources/965-217-202-2"><bdi>965-217-202-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99+%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99&rft.btitle=%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.place=%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.pages=587-590&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=%D7%99%D7%93+%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7+%D7%91%D7%9F-%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99%3B+%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%AA&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=965-217-202-2&rft.aulast=%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8&rft.aufirst=%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrlich202233-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrlich202233_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrlich202233_104-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrlich2022">Ehrlich 2022</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPummer19874-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPummer19874_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPummer1987">Pummer 1987</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_106-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_106-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_106-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFלוי-רובין2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">לוי-רובין, מילכה (2006). שטרן, אפרים; אשל, חנן (eds.). ספר השומרונים [Book of the Samaritans; The Continuation of the Samaritan Chronicle of Abu l-Fath] (in Hebrew) (2 ed.). ירושלים: יד יצחק בן צבי, רשות העתיקות, המנהל האזרחי ליהודה ושומרון: קצין מטה לארכיאולוגיה. pp. 562–586. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-217-202-2" title="Special:BookSources/965-217-202-2"><bdi>965-217-202-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.place=%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.pages=562-586&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=%D7%99%D7%93+%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7+%D7%91%D7%9F+%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99%2C+%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%AA%2C+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99+%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94+%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F%3A+%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9F+%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%94+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=965-217-202-2&rft.aulast=%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F&rft.aufirst=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPummer198717-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPummer198717_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPummer1987">Pummer 1987</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinross1979" class="citation book cs1">Kinross, Patrick Balfour (1979). The Ottoman centuries: the rise and fall of the Turkish empire. Morrow Quill paperbacks. New York, N.Y: Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-08093-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-08093-8"><bdi>978-0-688-08093-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+centuries%3A+the+rise+and+fall+of+the+Turkish+empire&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y&rft.series=Morrow+Quill+paperbacks&rft.pub=Morrow&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-688-08093-8&rft.aulast=Kinross&rft.aufirst=Patrick+Balfour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neishtadt-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Neishtadt_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeishtadt2015" class="citation book cs1">Neishtadt, Mila (2015). "The Lexical Component in the Aramaic Substrate of Palestinian Arabic". In Butts, Aaron (ed.). Semitic Languages in Contact. Brill. p. 281. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004300156_016">10.1163/9789004300156_016</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30015-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30015-6"><bdi>978-90-04-30015-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1105497638">1105497638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Lexical+Component+in+the+Aramaic+Substrate+of+Palestinian+Arabic&rft.btitle=Semitic+Languages+in+Contact&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1105497638&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004300156_016&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30015-6&rft.aulast=Neishtadt&rft.aufirst=Mila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar198985-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKedar198985_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKedar1989">Kedar 1989</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar198983-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKedar198983_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKedar198983_112-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKedar1989">Kedar 1989</a>, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar198982–83-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKedar198982–83_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKedar1989">Kedar 1989</a>, pp. 82–83. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar198991-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKedar198991_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKedar1989">Kedar 1989</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFקדר2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">קדר, ב"ז (2006). "השומרונים תחת השלטון הפרנקי" [The Samaritans under Frankish rule]. In שטרן, אפרים; אשל, חנן (eds.). ספר השומרונים [Book of the Samaritans] (in Hebrew) (2 ed.). ירושלים: יד יצחק בן-צבי; רשות העתיקות; המנהל האזרחי ליהודה ושומרון – קצין מטה לארכאולוגיה. p. 594. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-217-202-2" title="Special:BookSources/965-217-202-2"><bdi>965-217-202-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99&rft.btitle=%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.place=%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.pages=594&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=%D7%99%D7%93+%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7+%D7%91%D7%9F-%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99%3B+%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%AA%3B+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99+%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94+%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F+%E2%80%93+%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9F+%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%94+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=965-217-202-2&rft.aulast=%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A8&rft.aufirst=%D7%91%22%D7%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_116-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_116-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFרוזן1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">רוזן, מינה (1998). "13. שומרונים וקראים" [13. Samaritans and Karaites]. In כהן, אמנון (ed.). ההיסטוריה של ארץ ישראל: שלטון הממלוכים והעות'מאנים (1260–1804) [The History of Eretz Israel under the Mamluk and Ottoman rule (1260–1804)] (in Hebrew). בית הוצאה כתר, ירושלים; יד יצחק בן-צבי. p. 258.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=13.+%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.btitle=%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%3A+%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA%27%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D+%281260%E2%80%931804%29&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%94+%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A8%2C+%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D%3B+%D7%99%D7%93+%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7+%D7%91%D7%9F-%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9F&rft.aufirst=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchur1986" class="citation journal cs1">Schur, Nathan (1 July 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179/peq.1986.118.2.144">"The Samaritans, as Described in Christian Itineraries (14th-18th Centuries)"</a>. Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 118 (2): 144–155. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fpeq.1986.118.2.144">10.1179/peq.1986.118.2.144</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-0328">0031-0328</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Exploration+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Samaritans%2C+as+Described+in+Christian+Itineraries+%2814th-18th+Centuries%29&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=144-155&rft.date=1986-07-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fpeq.1986.118.2.144&rft.issn=0031-0328&rft.aulast=Schur&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1179%2Fpeq.1986.118.2.144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchreiber201446-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchreiber201446_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchreiber2014">Schreiber 2014</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_119-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_119-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFשור2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">שור, נתן (2006). 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Ariel University Publishing: 188–204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26351%2FIHD%2F11-2%2F3">10.26351/IHD/11-2/3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A8&rft.atitle=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A2+%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%97%D7%92%27%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F&rft.pages=188-204&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26351%2FIHD%2F11-2%2F3&rft.aulast=Erlich+%28Zhabo%29&rft.aufirst=Ze%E2%80%99ev+H.&rft.au=Rotter%2C+Meir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ariel.ac.il%2Fwp%2Fihd%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2F%25d7%2599%25d7%25a7%25d7%2591-%25d7%25aa%25d7%25aa%25d6%25be%25d7%25a7%25d7%25a8%25d7%25a7%25d7%25a2%25d7%2599-%25d7%259e%25d7%25aa%25d7%25a7%25d7%2595%25d7%25a4%25d7%25aa-%25d7%2594%25d7%2591%25d7%25a8%25d7%2596%25d7%259c-2-%25d7%2591%25d7%2597%25d7%2595%25d7%25a8%25d7%2591%25d7%25aa-%25d7%2590%25d7%259c%25d6%25be-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsedaka2010" class="citation cs2">Tsedaka, Benyamim (23 April 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110212839.5.221/html">"Samaritan Israelite Families and Households that Disappeared"</a>, Samaritans – Past and Present, De Gruyter, p. 223, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110212839.5.221">10.1515/9783110212839.5.221</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-021283-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-021283-9"><bdi>978-3-11-021283-9</bdi></a>, retrieved 6 March 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Samaritans+%E2%80%93+Past+and+Present&rft.atitle=Samaritan+Israelite+Families+and+Households+that+Disappeared&rft.pages=223&rft.date=2010-04-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110212839.5.221&rft.isbn=978-3-11-021283-9&rft.aulast=Tsedaka&rft.aufirst=Benyamim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110212839.5.221%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFצדקה1968" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">צדקה, בנימין (30 September 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/mar/1968/09/30/01/article/148">"דם שומרוני – ומשפחות מוסלמיות"</a>. www.nli.org.il | מעריב (in Hebrew). Retrieved 30 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nli.org.il+%7C+%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91&rft.atitle=%D7%93%D7%9D+%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99+%E2%80%93+%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA&rft.date=1968-09-30&rft.aulast=%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%94&rft.aufirst=%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nli.org.il%2Fhe%2Fnewspapers%2Fmar%2F1968%2F09%2F30%2F01%2Farticle%2F148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Deuteronomy 33:4 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPummer2011125–131-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPummer2011125–131_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPummer2011">Pummer 2011</a>, pp. 125–131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEISII:_Four_unique_principles-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEISII:_Four_unique_principles_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFISII:_Four_unique_principles">ISII: Four unique principles</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsedakaSullivan201328-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsedakaSullivan201328_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTsedakaSullivan2013">Tsedaka & Sullivan 2013</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Deuteronomy 11-12 Deuteronomy 27:4 (Samaritan Version) "And You shall set up these stones which I command you today on Aargaareezem (Mount Gerizim)" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEgrizimtour.com-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEgrizimtour.com_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFgrizimtour.com">grizimtour.com</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2022:2&version=nrsv">Genesis 22:2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0512.htm#5">Deuteronomy 12:5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#4:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 4:21–22</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsedakaSullivan2013485-162"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsedakaSullivan2013485_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTsedakaSullivan2013">Tsedaka & Sullivan 2013</a>, p. 485. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKamFlint200595-163"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKamFlint200595_163-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVanderKamFlint2005">VanderKam & Flint 2005</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw201324-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw201324_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLaw2013">Law 2013</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeeligmann200464ff-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeeligmann200464ff_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeeligmann2004">Seeligmann 2004</a>, pp. 64ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman1977-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman1977_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBowman1977">Bowman 1977</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> זבח קרבן הפסח: הגדה של פסח, נוסח שומרוני (Samaritan Haggada & Pessah Passover / Zevaḥ ḳorban ha-Pesaḥ: Hagadah shel Pesaḥ, nusaḥ Shomroni = Samaritan Haggada & Pessah Passover), Avraham Nur Tsedaḳah, Tel Aviv, 1958 </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2010:5–6&version=nrsv">Matthew 10:5–6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%209:51–53&version=nrsv">Luke 9:51–53</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2010:30–37&version=nrsv">Luke 10:30–37</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2017:11–19:&version=nrsv">Luke 17:11–19, esp. 17:16</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKartveit20191-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit20191_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit20191_172-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKartveit20191_172-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKartveit2019">Kartveit 2019</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%204:4–42&version=nrsv">John 4:4–42</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+8:48&version=4:22">John 8:48</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:8&version=nrsv">Acts 1:8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%208:1–25&version=nrsv">Acts 8:1–25</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonGiles2001" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Robert T.; Giles, Terry (2001). The Keepers: An Introduction to the History and Culture of the Samaritans. <a href="/wiki/Baker_Publishing_Group" title="Baker Publishing Group">Baker Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-801-04547-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-801-04547-9"><bdi>978-0-801-04547-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Keepers%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+History+and+Culture+of+the+Samaritans&rft.pub=Baker+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-801-04547-9&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rft.au=Giles%2C+Terry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonGiles2002" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Robert T.; Giles, Terry (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TIcWAoiRhgAC">The Keepers: An Introduction to the History and Culture of the Samaritans</a>. Hendrickson Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56563-519-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56563-519-7"><bdi>978-1-56563-519-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Keepers%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+History+and+Culture+of+the+Samaritans&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-56563-519-7&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rft.au=Giles%2C+Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTIcWAoiRhgAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppelbaumAppelbaum2008" class="citation news cs1">Appelbaum, Diana Muir; Appelbaum, Paul (2 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Features/Genetics-and-the-Jewish-identity">"Genetics and the Jewish identity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Genetics+and+the+Jewish+identity&rft.date=2008-11-02&rft.aulast=Appelbaum&rft.aufirst=Diana+Muir&rft.au=Appelbaum%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FFeatures%2FGenetics-and-the-Jewish-identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAster2019" class="citation journal cs1">Aster, Shawn Zelig (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41892928">"Sargon in Samaria—Unusual Formulations in the Royal Inscriptions and Their Value for Historical Reconstruction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Oriental_Society" title="Journal of the American Oriental Society">Journal of the American Oriental Society</a>. 139 (3): 591–609.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Sargon+in+Samaria%E2%80%94Unusual+Formulations+in+the+Royal+Inscriptions+and+Their+Value+for+Historical+Reconstruction&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=591-609&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Aster&rft.aufirst=Shawn+Zelig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41892928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbati2013" class="citation news cs1">Barbati, Gabrielle (21 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/israeli-election-preview-samaritans-caught-between-two-votes-1028684">"Israeli Election Preview: The Samaritans, Caught Between Two Votes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a>. Retrieved 14 October 2014. <q>Totaling 760 people between Kiryat Luza and Holon – up from 150 people in 1967 but down from an estimated 1 million during Biblical times</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Israeli+Election+Preview%3A+The+Samaritans%2C+Caught+Between+Two+Votes&rft.date=2013-01-21&rft.aulast=Barbati&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fisraeli-election-preview-samaritans-caught-between-two-votes-1028684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Zvi1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben_Zvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yitzhak Ben Zvi">Ben Zvi, Yitzhak</a> (8 October 1985). Oral telling of Samaritan traditions: Volume 780–785. A.B. 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"The Samaritan Liturgy, and Reading of the Law". <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarterly_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Quarterly Review">Jewish Quarterly Review</a>. 7 (1): 121–140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1450335">10.2307/1450335</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1450335">1450335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Quarterly+Review&rft.atitle=The+Samaritan+Liturgy%2C+and+Reading+of+the+Law&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=121-140&rft.date=1894-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1450335&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1450335%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cowley&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrown1989" class="citation book cs1">Crown, Alan D., ed. 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(2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25079122/">"Genetics and the History of the Samaritans: Y-Chromosomal Microsatellites and Genetic Affinity between Samaritans and Cohanim"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Biology_(journal)" title="Human Biology (journal)">Human Biology</a>. 85 (6): 825–858. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3378%2F027.085.0601">10.3378/027.085.0601</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25079122">25079122</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12701469">12701469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Genetics+and+the+History+of+the+Samaritans%3A+Y-Chromosomal+Microsatellites+and+Genetic+Affinity+between+Samaritans+and+Cohanim&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=825-858&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12701469%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25079122&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3378%2F027.085.0601&rft.aulast=Oefner&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.au=Shen%2C+Peidong&rft.au=H%C3%B6ltz%2C+George&rft.au=Shpirer%2C+Isaac&rft.au=Gefel%2C+Dov&rft.au=Lavi%2C+Tal&rft.au=Wool%2C+Eilon&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Cinnioglu%2C+Cengiz&rft.au=Underhill%2C+Peter+A.&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Noah+A.&rft.au=Hochrein%2C+Jochen&rft.au=Granka%2C+Julie+M.&rft.au=Hillel%2C+Hossi&rft.au=Feldman%2C+Marcus+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F25079122%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatience2007" class="citation news cs1">Patience, Martin (6 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6333475.stm">"Ancient community seeks brides abroad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 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Non-Muslims in Muslim Majority Societies: With Focus on the Middle East and Pakistan. <a href="/wiki/Peeters_Publishers" title="Peeters Publishers">ISD LLC</a>. pp. 73–75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-718-84301-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-718-84301-4"><bdi>978-0-718-84301-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Status+of+Non-Muslims+in+a+Palestinian+State&rft.btitle=Non-Muslims+in+Muslim+Majority+Societies%3A+With+Focus+on+the+Middle+East+and+Pakistan&rft.pages=73-75&rft.pub=ISD+LLC&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-718-84301-4&rft.aulast=Sabella&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvNPYDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerusalem_Cinematheque:_Samaritan" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jer-cin.org.il/en/movie/25907">"Samaritan"</a>. 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Israelite Samaritan Information Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israelite+Samaritan+Families+Today&rft.pub=Israelite+Samaritan+Information+Institute&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft.aulast=Tsedaka&rft.aufirst=Benyamim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelite-samaritans.com%2Fabout-israelite-samaritans%2Ffamilies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsedaka2015" class="citation web cs1">Tsedaka, Benyamim (1 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelite-samaritans.com/brazil/">"Brazil"</a>. Israelite Samaritan Information Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brazil&rft.pub=Israelite+Samaritan+Information+Institute&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=Tsedaka&rft.aufirst=Benyamim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelite-samaritans.com%2Fbrazil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsedakaSullivan2013" class="citation book cs1">Tsedaka, Benyamim; Sullivan, Sharon, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-wn8ABo-Fz0C&pg=PA46">The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version</a>. Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Wm._B._Eerdmans_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing">Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-467-46454-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-467-46454-3"><bdi>978-1-467-46454-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israelite+Samaritan+Version+of+the+Torah%3A+First+English+Translation+Compared+with+the+Masoretic+Version&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan+%2F+Cambridge&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-467-46454-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-wn8ABo-Fz0C%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderKamFlint2005" class="citation book cs1">VanderKam, James; Flint, Peter (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA95">The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Significance For Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/A%26C_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="A&C Black">A&C Black</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08468-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08468-2"><bdi>978-0-567-08468-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+the+Dead+Sea+Scrolls%3A+Their+Significance+For+Understanding+the+Bible%2C+Judaism%2C+Jesus%2C+and+Christianity&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-567-08468-2&rft.aulast=VanderKam&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Flint%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSBMXnB4CRpUC%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1987" class="citation journal cs1">White, L. Michael (April 1987). "The Delos Synagogue Revisited Recent Fieldwork in the Graeco–Roman Diaspora". <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Theological_Review" title="Harvard Theological Review">Harvard Theological Review</a>. 80 (2): 133–160. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000023579">10.1017/S0017816000023579</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1509604">1509604</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162810274">162810274</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Theological+Review&rft.atitle=The+Delos+Synagogue+Revisited+Recent+Fieldwork+in+the+Graeco%E2%80%93Roman+Diaspora&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133-160&rft.date=1987-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162810274%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1509604%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0017816000023579&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=L.+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYousefBarghouti2005" class="citation news cs1">Yousef, Hussein Ahmad; Barghouti, Iyad (24 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119035811/http://www.zajel.org/article_view.asp?newsID=4425&cat=18">"The Political History of the Samaritans: Minority under Occupation: The Socio politics of the Samaritans in the Palestinian Occupied Territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/An-Najah_National_University" title="An-Najah National University">Zajel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zajel.org/article_view.asp?newsID=4425&cat=18">the original</a> on 19 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Political+History+of+the+Samaritans%3A+Minority+under+Occupation%3A+The+Socio+politics+of+the+Samaritans+in+the+Palestinian+Occupied+Territories&rft.date=2005-01-24&rft.aulast=Yousef&rft.aufirst=Hussein+Ahmad&rft.au=Barghouti%2C+Iyad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zajel.org%2Farticle_view.asp%3FnewsID%3D4425%26cat%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZertal1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Zertal" title="Adam Zertal">Zertal, Adam</a> (November 1989). "The Wedge-Shaped Decorated Bowl and the Origin of the Samaritans". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (276): 77–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1356853">10.2307/1356853</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1356853">1356853</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163900813">163900813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=The+Wedge-Shaped+Decorated+Bowl+and+the+Origin+of+the+Samaritans&rft.issue=276&rft.pages=77-84&rft.date=1989-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163900813%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1356853%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1356853&rft.aulast=Zertal&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZertal2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Zertal" title="Adam Zertal">Zertal, Adam</a> (30 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/13258">The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, Volume 2: The Eastern Valleys and the Fringes of the Desert</a>. Brill. pp. 55, 63, 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2387-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2387-4"><bdi>978-90-474-2387-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manasseh+Hill+Country+Survey%2C+Volume+2%3A+The+Eastern+Valleys+and+the+Fringes+of+the+Desert&rft.pages=55%2C+63%2C+90&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007-11-30&rft.isbn=978-90-474-2387-4&rft.aulast=Zertal&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F13258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZsengellér2017" class="citation journal cs1">Zsengellér, József (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320433045">"The Samaritan Diaspora in Antiquity"</a>. Acta Antiqua. 56 (2): 157–175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1556%2F068.2016.56.2.2">10.1556/068.2016.56.2.2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:166167208">166167208</a> – via <a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Antiqua&rft.atitle=The+Samaritan+Diaspora+in+Antiquity&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=157-175&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1556%2F068.2016.56.2.2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A166167208%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zsengell%C3%A9r&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B3zsef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F320433045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Samaritans" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Samaritans">Samaritans</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1905 <a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a> article "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Samaritans" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Samaritans">Samaritans</a>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13059-samaritans/">"Samaritans"</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/33879/good-samaritans/">"Good Samaritans: Israel's smallest religious minority offers Jews a glimpse of what might have been"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120100243/https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/33879/good-samaritans">Archived</a> 2018-11-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Benjamin Balint, Tablet Magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101119075635/http://adath-shalom.ca/samaritan_origin.htm">"The Origin and Nature of the Samaritans and Their Relationship to Second Temple Jewish Sects"</a>, David Steinberg</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/saa-san/samaria/samaritans.htm">"Samaritans"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130129092422/http://www.livius.org/saa-san/samaria/samaritans.htm">Archived</a> 2013-01-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (theory on the Samaritan–Jewish tensions), Jona Lendering</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishmag.co.il/78mag/samaritans/samaritans.htm">"Guards of Mount Gerizim"</a>, Alex Maist</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houseofdavid.ca/sam_mont.htm">The Samaritans: The Earliest Jewish Sect</a>, by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120100234/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/1800s/montgomery_james_a.html">James A Montgomery</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowley1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cowley, Arthur Ernest (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Samaritans">"Samaritans" </a>. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). pp. 109–111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samaritans&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=109-111&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Cowley&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamaritans" class="Z3988"></li></ul> Media <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orhof.smugmug.com/SamaritanHolidays">Samaritan Holidays & Feasts in the Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbenninghaus.de/samaritans.htm">"Samaritans in Nablus and the West Bank"</a>, Rüdiger Benninghaus</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demographics_of_Israel" title="Template:Demographics of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demographics_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Demographics of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Israel" title="Demographics of Israel">Demographics of Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israelis by religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Israel" title="Islam in Israel">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Islam in Israel">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Islam in Israel">Shia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Israel" title="Ahmadiyya in Israel">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel" title="Christianity in Israel">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Israel">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Israel" title="Catholic Church in Israel">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Israel">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Israel" title="Druze in Israel">Druzism</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahai_faith_in_israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahai faith in israel">Bahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Israel" title="Hinduism in Israel">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism in Israel">Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Jews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews_in_Israel" title="Ashkenazi Jews in Israel">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Romanian Jews in Israel">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Russian Jews in Israel">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews_in_Israel" title="Mizrahi Jews in Israel">Mizrahim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews_in_Israel" title="Bukharan Jews in Israel">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Georgian Jews in Israel">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Jews_in_Israel" title="Iraqi Jews in Israel">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Iranian Jews in Israel">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Jews_in_Israel" title="Kurdish Jews in Israel">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jews_in_Israel" title="Moroccan Jews in Israel">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews_in_Israel" title="Mountain Jews in Israel">Mountain Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews_in_Israel" title="Yemenite Jews in Israel">Yemenite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Bulgarian Jews in Israel">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jews_in_Israel" title="Moroccan Jews in Israel">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Jews_in_Israel" title="Turkish Jews in Israel">Turkish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism#Karaites_today" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romaniotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Indian Jews in Israel">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Menashe" title="Bnei Menashe">Bnei Menashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Ephraim" title="Bene Ephraim">Bene Ephraim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Ethiopian Jews in Israel">Ethiopian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falash_Mura" title="Falash Mura">Falash Mura</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arabs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Israel" title="Islam in Israel">Arab Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel#Settled" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Madani and Fellahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin#Israel" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galilee_Bedouin" title="Galilee Bedouin">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negev_Bedouin" title="Negev Bedouin">Negev</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Israel" title="Druze in Israel">Druze</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_Israel" title="Lebanese people in Israel">Lebanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Semitic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Israel" title="Assyrians in Israel">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arameans_in_Israel" title="Arameans in Israel">Arameans</a>2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronites_in_Israel" title="Maronites in Israel">Maronites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese in Israel">Lebanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other non-Semitic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Israel" title="African Americans in Israel">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Israel">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people_in_Israel" title="Dutch people in Israel">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Israel" title="Indians in Israel">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Israel" title="Russians in Israel">Russians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subbotniks" title="Subbotniks">Subbotniks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Israel" title="Circassians in Israel">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushnak" title="Bushnak">Bosniaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_refugees_in_Israel" title="Vietnamese refugees in Israel">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign nationals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Hebrew_Israelites_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem">African-American Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Israel" title="Chinese people in Israel">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Israel" title="Filipinos in Israel">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Israel" title="Greeks in Israel">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Israel">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Israel" title="Kurds in Israel">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_workers_in_Israel" title="Palestinian workers in Israel">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Israel" title="Doms in Israel">Doms (Gypsy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_in_Israel" title="Sudanese in Israel">Sudanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Druze have a status aparte from Muslim Arabs in Israel, since 1957.</li> <li>2 Arameans have a status aparte from Christian Arabs in Israel, since 2014.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Palestine_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestine_topics" title="Template talk:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Palestine_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">Early history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Islamic Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid Dynasty">Ayyubid Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="History of the State of Palestine">Modern history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Palestinians" title="History of the Palestinians">History of the Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Palestine" title="Slavery in Palestine">Slavery in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">Palestinian Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="List of years in the Palestinian territories">Years in the Palestinian territories</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">1948 Palestinian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">First Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Dawson's Field hijackings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Battle of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hamas_political_violence_in_Gaza" title="2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza">2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Hamas-Salafist conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)" title="Battle of Rafah (2009)">Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Geography of the State of Palestine">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Northern West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Southern West Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Borders of the State of Palestine">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Palestine" title="Governorates of Palestine">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Landforms of the State of Palestine">Landforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">Depopulated villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Democratic_Union" title="Palestinian Democratic Union">FIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Initiative" title="Palestinian National Initiative">Palestinian National Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_People%27s_Party" title="Palestinian People's Party">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Palestinian_political_party)" title="Third Way (Palestinian political party)">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Palestine" title="Elections in Palestine">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Legal status of the State of Palestine">Legal status of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Palestine" title="Government of Palestine">West Bank (SOP-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Judicial system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Dweik" title="Aziz Dweik">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Propagation_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Gaza_Strip)" title="Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Gaza Strip)">Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestinian National Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">Palestinian Preventive Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">Foreign affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions of the State of Palestine">Diplomatic missions of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions in Palestine">Diplomatic missions in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_to_Palestinians" title="International aid to Palestinians">International aid to Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Economy of the State of Palestine">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Companies of the State of Palestine">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Palestine">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Communications in the State of Palestine">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exchange" title="Palestine Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Taxation in the State of Palestine">Taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Tourism in the State of Palestine">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Transport in the State of Palestine">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Monetary_Authority" title="Palestine Monetary Authority">Palestine Monetary Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Society of the State of Palestine">Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Palestine" title="Culture of Palestine">culture</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_citizens_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian citizens of Israel">Palestinian citizens of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_archaeology#Archaeology_in_the_West_Bank" title="Levantine archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Palestine" title="Architecture of Palestine">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_as_a_Palestinian_symbol" title="Watermelon as a Palestinian symbol">watermelon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_traditional_costumes" title="Palestinian traditional costumes">Costume and embroidery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_keffiyeh" title="Palestinian keffiyeh">keffiyeh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_wine" title="Palestinian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Palestinian territories">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Education in the State of Palestine">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine">universities and colleges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine">Flag of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_handicrafts" title="Palestinian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Health in the State of Palestine">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Healthcare in the State of Palestine">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Palestine" title="Mental health in Palestine">Mental healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="LGBT rights in the State of Palestine">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinians" title="List of Palestinians">Personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Palestinian National Authority">Postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prostitution in the State of Palestine">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Palestine" title="Public holidays in Palestine">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religion in the State of Palestine">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in the State of Palestine">Religious buildings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sport_in_Palestine" title="History of sport in Palestine">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Football in the State of Palestine">Football</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_State_of_Palestine_by_city" title="Category:Mass media in the State of Palestine by city">By city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Palestinians" title="Category:Books about Palestinians">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_journalists" title="Category:Palestinian journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Newspapers published in the State of Palestine">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photography_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Photography in the State of Palestine">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Radio in the State of Palestine">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Television in the State of Palestine">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Telegraph" title="The Palestine Telegraph">The Palestine Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Israel_Journal" title="Palestine–Israel Journal">Palestine–Israel Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Media_Watch" title="Palestinian Media Watch">Palestinian Media Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafa" title="Wafa">Wafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Australians" title="Palestinian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Brazilian" title="Palestinian Brazilian">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Canadians" title="Palestinian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Egypt" title="Palestinians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Salvadorans" title="Palestinian Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Haitians" title="Palestinian Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Iraq" title="Palestinians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Jordan" title="Palestinians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Gulf_War" title="Aftermath of the Gulf War">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Lebanon" title="Palestinians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Mexicans" title="Palestinian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Nicaraguan" title="Palestinian Nicaraguan">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Pakistan" title="Palestinians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Syria" title="Palestinians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Palestinians" title="British Palestinians">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinians_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Palestinians in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Uruguayans" title="Palestinian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Muslim Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Palestinians" title="Afro-Palestinians">Afro-Palestinians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Palestinian Baháʼís">Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Druze in Mandatory Palestine">Druzers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Metawalis" title="Palestinian Metawalis">Metawalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Palestine" title="Kurds in Palestine">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushnak" title="Bushnak">Bushnaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Outline of the State of Palestine">Outline</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:State_of_Palestine" title="Category:State of Palestine">Category</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182651#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182651#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182651#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85116998">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118070&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553579805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&oldid=1258107321">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samaritans&oldid=1258107321</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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