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<span>Territory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historical background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin_of_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Origin of the city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Early centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venetian_suzerainty_(1205–1358)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venetian_suzerainty_(1205–1358)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Venetian suzerainty (1205–1358)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venetian_suzerainty_(1205–1358)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independence_from_Venice_(1358)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_from_Venice_(1358)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Independence from Venice (1358)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_from_Venice_(1358)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_suzerainty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_suzerainty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ottoman suzerainty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_suzerainty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_of_the_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_the_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Decline of the Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_the_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>French occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>End of the Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aristocracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aristocracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Aristocracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aristocracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_among_the_nobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_among_the_nobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Relations among the nobility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_among_the_nobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Languages and literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Languages_and_literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Languages and literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Languages_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ragusan_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ragusan_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Ragusan literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ragusan_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture and ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Republic of Ragusa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="جمهورية راغوزا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية راغوزا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_Ragusa" title="Republica de Ragusa – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica de Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Ragusa" title="República de Ragusa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República de Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubrovnik_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Dubrovnik Respublikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dubrovnik Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="راقوسا جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="راقوسا جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дуброўніцкая рэспубліка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дуброўніцкая рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дуброўніцкая рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дуброўніцкая рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дубровнишка република – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дубровнишка република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubrova%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Dubrovačka Republika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dubrovačka Republika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Ragusa" title="Republik Ragusa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Ragusa" title="República de Ragusa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República de Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Dubrovn%C3%ADk" title="Republika Dubrovník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Republika Dubrovník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Ragusa" title="Republikken Ragusa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Republikken Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Ragusa" title="Republik Ragusa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republik Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Δημοκρατία της Ραγούσας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημοκρατία της Ραγούσας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Ragusa" title="República de Ragusa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República de Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respubliko_Ragusa" title="Respubliko Ragusa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Respubliko Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragusako_Errepublika" title="Ragusako Errepublika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ragusako Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="جمهوری راگوسا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری راگوسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Raguse" title="République de Raguse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République de Raguse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republyk_Rag%C3%BBsa" title="Republyk Ragûsa – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Republyk Ragûsa" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EA%B5%AC%EC%82%AC_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="라구사 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라구사 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Դուբրովնիկի հանրապետություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դուբրովնիկի հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubrova%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Dubrovačka Republika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dubrovačka Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Ragusa" title="Republik Ragusa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_Ragusa" title="Republica de Ragusa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica de Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_Ragusa" title="Republica de Ragusa – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Republica de Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_di_Ragusa" title="Repubblica di Ragusa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica di Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Дубровник республикасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дубровник республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublica_Ragusina" title="Respublica Ragusina – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Respublica Ragusina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raguzai_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Raguzai Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Raguzai Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дубровничка Република – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дубровничка Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Ragusa" title="Republik Ragusa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_Ragusa" title="Republiek Ragusa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Republiek Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B5%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ラグサ共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラグサ共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Ragusa" title="Republikken Ragusa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Republikken Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubrovnik_respublikasi" title="Dubrovnik respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dubrovnik respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Raguzy" title="Republika Raguzy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika Raguzy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Ragusa" title="República de Ragusa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República de Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Ragusa" title="Republica Ragusa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дубровницкая республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дубровницкая республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_e_Raguz%C3%ABs" title="Republika e Raguzës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika e Raguzës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Republic of Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubrovn%C3%ADcka_republika" title="Dubrovnícka republika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dubrovnícka republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubrovni%C5%A1ka_republika" title="Dubrovniška republika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dubrovniška republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дубровачка република – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дубровачка република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubrova%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Dubrovačka Republika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dubrovačka Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragusan_tasavalta" title="Ragusan tasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ragusan tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiken_Ragusa" title="Republiken Ragusa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Republiken Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragusa_Cumhuriyeti" title="Ragusa Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ragusa Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рагузька республіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рагузька республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Ragusa" title="Cộng hòa Ragusa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Ragusa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%A4%E8%96%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="拉古薩共和國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="拉古薩共和國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%A4%E8%96%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="拉古薩共和國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉古薩共和國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208169#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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For former Serb proto-state, see <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_Republic_(1991)" title="Dubrovnik Republic (1991)">Dubrovnik Republic (1991)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Ragusa</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Dalmatian-language text"><i lang="dlm">Republica de Ragusa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_language" title="Dalmatian language">Dalmatian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Respublica Ragusina</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br /><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Repubblica di Ragusa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">Dubrovačka Republika</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Venetian-language text"><i lang="vec">Repùblega de Raguxa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1358–1808</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Blaise_-_State_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Ragusa"><img alt="Flag of Ragusa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/St._Blaise_-_State_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg/125px-St._Blaise_-_State_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/St._Blaise_-_State_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg/188px-St._Blaise_-_State_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/St._Blaise_-_State_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg/250px-St._Blaise_-_State_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Dubrovnik" title="Flag of Dubrovnik">State flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Ragusa"><img alt="Coat of arms of Ragusa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Dubrovnik" title="Coat of arms of Dubrovnik"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Sloboda se ne prodaje za sve zlato svijeta</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">La libertà non si vende nemmeno per tutto l'oro del mondo</i><br />"Liberty is not well sold for all the gold"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ragusa.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Borders of the Republic of Ragusa, from 1426 (encompassing also the area labelled "Neum" until 1718)"><img alt="Borders of the Republic of Ragusa, from 1426 (encompassing also the area labelled "Neum" until 1718)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ragusa.png/250px-Ragusa.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ragusa.png/375px-Ragusa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ragusa.png/500px-Ragusa.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="354" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Borders of the Republic of Ragusa, from 1426 (encompassing also the area labelled "Neum" until 1718)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a> which was a <a href="/wiki/Tributary_state" title="Tributary state">Tributary state</a> of:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> <span class="nowrap">(1358–1458)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> <span class="nowrap">(1458–1684)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Austria</a> <span class="nowrap">(1684–1806)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Kingdom of Italy</a> <span class="nowrap">(1806–1808)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Ragusa</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Republic_of_Ragusa&params=42_39_N_18_04_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°39′N</span> <span class="longitude">18°04′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.650°N 18.067°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.650; 18.067</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Official<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> (1358–1492)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (1492–1807)</li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Common<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_language" title="Dalmatian language">Dalmatian</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_en"><a href="#endnote_en">[a]</a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_en"><a href="#endnote_en">[b]</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">merchant</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(Ragusa)" title="Rector (Ragusa)">Rector</a> as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1358 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Nikša Sorgo</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1807-1808 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Sabo Giorgi</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• City established </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 614</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1358</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> invasion) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1205</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zadar" title="Treaty of Zadar">Treaty of Zadar</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 May 1358</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> tributary </div></th><td class="infobox-data">from 1458</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Protectorate#Joint_protectorates" title="Protectorate">Joint protectorate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">from 1684</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">Invasion by France</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">26 May 1806</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Treaties of Tilsit</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 July 1807</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Annexation by Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 January 1808</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">90 000 in the <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">XVI Century</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Currency">Ragusa perpera and others</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="863" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Herzegovina" title="Sanjak of Herzegovina">Sanjak of Herzegovina</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_en"><sup>a</sup></span> A Romance language similar to both Italian and Romanian<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_en"><sup>b</sup></span> While present in the region even before the establishment of the Republic, Croatian, <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_(South_Slavic)" title="Illyrian (South Slavic)">also referred to as <i>Slavic</i> or <i>Illyrian</i> at the time</a>, had not become widely spoken until late 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dubrovnik_in_1667_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dubrovnik_in_1667_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Dubrovnik_in_1667_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dubrovnik_in_1667_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Dubrovnik_in_1667_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Dubrovnik_in_1667_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Dubrovnik_in_1667_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2104" data-file-height="1458" /></a><figcaption>Dubrovnik before the <a href="/wiki/1667_Dubrovnik_earthquake" title="1667 Dubrovnik earthquake">1667 earthquake</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vistaderagusa1667.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vistaderagusa1667.jpg/220px-Vistaderagusa1667.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vistaderagusa1667.jpg/330px-Vistaderagusa1667.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vistaderagusa1667.jpg/440px-Vistaderagusa1667.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>Painting of Dubrovnik from 1667</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Republic of Ragusa</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">aristocratic maritime republic</a> centered on the city of <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a> (<i>Ragusa</i> in Italian and Latin; <i>Raguxa</i> in Venetian) in South <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> (today in southernmost <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>) that carried that name from 1358 until 1808. It reached its commercial peak in the 15th and the 16th centuries, before being conquered by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a> and formally annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy</a> in 1808. It had a population of about 30,000 people, of whom 5,000 lived within the city walls.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its motto was "<i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro</i></span></i>", a <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> phrase which can be translated as "Liberty is not well sold for all the gold".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally named <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Communitas Ragusina</i></span></i> (Latin for "Ragusan municipality" or "community"), in the 14th century it was renamed <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Respublica Ragusina</i></span></i> (Latin for <i>Ragusan Republic</i>), first mentioned in 1385.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was nevertheless a Republic under its previous name, although its Rector was appointed by Venice rather than by Ragusa's own Major Council. In Italian it is called <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Repubblica di Ragusa</i></span></i>; in Croatian it is called <i><span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">Dubrovačka Republika</i></span></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Croatian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[dǔbroʋat͡ʃkaː<span class="wrap"> </span>repǔblika]</a></span>). </p><p>The Slavic name <i>Dubrovnik</i> is derived from the word <i><span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">dubrava</i></span></i>, "an oak grove," by a <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200627_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200627-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Dubrovnik</i> of the Adriatic city is first recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Ban_Kulin" title="Charter of Ban Kulin">Charter of Ban Kulin</a> (1189).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It came into use alongside <i>Ragusa</i> as early as the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, Italian and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_language" title="Dalmatian language">Dalmatian</a> name <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ragusa</i></span></i> maybe derives its name from <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lausa</i></span></i> (from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ξαυ</span></span>: <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">xau</i></span></i>, "precipice"); it was later altered to <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Rausium</i></span></i>, <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Rhagusium</i></span></i>, <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ragusium</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Rausia</i></span></i> (even <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lavusa</i></span></i>, <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Labusa</i></span></i>, <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Raugia</i></span></i> and <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Rachusa</i></span></i>) and finally into <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ragusa</i></span></i>. Another theory is that the term "Ragusa" derivatives from or is related to <a href="/wiki/Proto-Albanian_language" title="Proto-Albanian language">Proto-Albanian</a> <i>*rāguša</i> meaning 'grape' (compare <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Modern-Albanian</a> <i>rrush</i> (meaning "grape")), according to <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Orel" title="Vladimir Orel">V. Orel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official change of name from Ragusa to Dubrovnik came into effect after World War I. </p><p>It is known in historiography as the <i>Republic of Ragusa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territory">Territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Territory_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa_early_18th_century.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Territory_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa_early_18th_century.png/220px-Territory_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa_early_18th_century.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Territory_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa_early_18th_century.png/330px-Territory_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa_early_18th_century.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Territory_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa_early_18th_century.png/440px-Territory_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa_early_18th_century.png 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>Territory of the Republic of Ragusa, early 18th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The Republic ruled a compact area of southern Dalmatia – its final borders were formed by 1426<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESugar2012170_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESugar2012170-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – comprising the mainland coast from <a href="/wiki/Neum" title="Neum">Neum</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Prevlaka" title="Prevlaka">Prevlaka</a> peninsula as well as the <a href="/wiki/Pelje%C5%A1ac" title="Pelješac">Pelješac</a> peninsula and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Lastovo" title="Lastovo">Lastovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mljet" title="Mljet">Mljet</a>, as well as a number of smaller islands such as <a href="/wiki/Kolo%C4%8Dep" title="Koločep">Koločep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lopud" title="Lopud">Lopud</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ipan" title="Šipan">Šipan</a>. </p><p>In the 15th century the Ragusan republic also acquired the islands of <a href="/wiki/Kor%C4%8Dula" title="Korčula">Korčula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bra%C4%8D" title="Brač">Brač</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hvar" title="Hvar">Hvar</a> for about eight years. However they had to be given up due to the resistance of local minor aristocrats sympathizing with Venice, which was granting them some privileges. </p><p>In the 16th century the administrative units of the Republic were: the City of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), counties (<a href="/wiki/Konavle" title="Konavle">Konavle</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDupa_dubrova%C4%8Dka" title="Župa dubrovačka">Župa dubrovačka</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDupa_dubrova%C4%8Dka" title="Župa dubrovačka">Breno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slano" title="Slano">Slano</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dubrova%C4%8Dko_Primorje" title="Dubrovačko Primorje">Ragusan Littoral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ston" title="Ston">Ston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lastovo" title="Lastovo">Island of Lastovo</a>, Island of Mljet, Islands of Šipan, Lopud and Koločep) and captaincies (<a href="/wiki/Cavtat" title="Cavtat">Cavtat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orebi%C4%87" title="Orebić">Orebić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janjina" title="Janjina">Janjina</a>) with local magistrates appointed by the Major Council. Lastovo and Mljet were semi-autonomous communities each having its own Statute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_the_city">Origin of the city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origin of the city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a></i></span> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Byzantine emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII_Porphyrogennetos" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos">Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos</a>, the city was founded, probably in the 7th century, by the inhabitants of the Greek city of <a href="/wiki/Epidaurum" title="Epidaurum">Epidaurum</a> (modern Cavtat) after its destruction by the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">Slavs</a> c. 615.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the survivors moved 25 kilometres (16 miles) north to a small island near the coast where they founded a new settlement, Lausa. It has been claimed that a second raid by the Slavs in 656 resulted in the total destruction of Epidaurum.<sup id="cite_ref-Paton_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paton-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slavs settled along the coast in the 7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200624_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200624-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Slavs named their settlement <i>Dubrovnik</i>. The Byzantines and Slavs had an antagonistic relationship, though by the 12th century the two settlements had merged. The channel that divided the city was filled, creating the present-day main street (the <i><a href="/wiki/Stradun_(street)" title="Stradun (street)">Stradun</a></i>) which became the city centre. Thus, <i>Dubrovnik</i> became the Slavic name for the united town.<sup id="cite_ref-Sugar_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugar-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are recent theories based on excavations that the city was established much earlier, at least in the 5th century and possibly during the Ancient Greek period (as per Antun Ničetić, in his book <i>Povijest dubrovačke luke</i>). The key element in this theory is the fact that ships in ancient time traveled about 45 to 50 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (83 to 93 km; 52 to 58 mi) per day, and mariners required a sandy shore to pull their ships out of the water for the rest period during the night. An ideal combination would have a fresh water source in the vicinity. Dubrovnik had both, being halfway between the Greek settlements of <a href="/wiki/Budva" title="Budva">Budva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kor%C4%8Dula" title="Korčula">Korčula</a>, which are 95 nautical miles (176 km; 109 mi) apart.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_centuries">Early centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During its first centuries the city was under the rule of the Byzantine Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Saracens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracens">Saracens</a> laid <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ragusa_(866%E2%80%93868)" title="Siege of Ragusa (866–868)">siege to the city in 866–867</a>; it lasted for fifteen months and was raised due to the intervention of Byzantine Emperor <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a>,</span> who sent a fleet under <a href="/wiki/Niketas_Ooryphas" title="Niketas Ooryphas">Niketas Ooryphas</a> in relief. Ooryphas' "showing of the flag" had swift results, as the Slavic tribes sent envoys to the Emperor, once more acknowledging his suzerainty. Basil dispatched officials, agents and missionaries to the region, restoring Byzantine rule over the coastal cities and regions in the form of the new <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">theme</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(theme)" title="Dalmatia (theme)">Dalmatia</a>, while leaving the Slavic tribal principalities of the hinterland largely autonomous under their own rulers. The <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Christianization of the Croats</a> and the other Slavic tribes also began at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the weakening of Byzantium, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a> began to see Ragusa as a rival that needed to be brought under its control, but an attempt to conquer the city in 948 failed. The citizens of the city attributed this to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Blaise" title="Saint Blaise">Saint Blaise</a>, whom they adopted as their patron saint.<sup id="cite_ref-short_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city remained under Byzantine domination until 1204, with the exception of periods of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> (1000–1030) and later <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> (1081–1085, 1172, 1189–1190) rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1050, Croatian king <a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Croatia" title="Stephen I of Croatia">Stjepan I</a> (Stephen) made a land grant along the coast that extended the boundaries of Ragusa to <a href="/wiki/Zaton,_Dubrovnik-Neretva_County" title="Zaton, Dubrovnik-Neretva County">Zaton</a>, 16 km (10 mi) north of the original city, giving the republic control of the abundant supply of fresh water that emerges from a <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">spring</a> at the head of the <a href="/wiki/Ombla_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ombla River">Ombla inlet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-short_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen's grant also included the harbour of <a href="/wiki/Gru%C5%BE" title="Gruž">Gruž</a>, which is now the commercial port for Dubrovnik.<sup id="cite_ref-short_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus the original territory of the Ragusan municipality or community comprised the city of Ragusa, Župa dubrovačka, <a href="/wiki/Gru%C5%BE" title="Gruž">Gruž</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ombla" title="Ombla">Ombla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaton,_Dubrovnik-Neretva_County" title="Zaton, Dubrovnik-Neretva County">Zaton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Elafiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Elafiti">Elafiti</a> islands (Šipan, Lopud and Koločep) and some smaller islands near the city. </p><p>The famous 12th century Arab geographer <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Muhammad al-Idrisi</a> mentioned Ragusa and the surrounding area. In his work, he referred to Ragusa as the southernmost city of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrescNef1999387_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrescNef1999387-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oman_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oman-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-croatianhistory_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-croatianhistory-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1191, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a> granted the city's merchants the right to trade freely in Byzantium. Similar privileges were obtained several years earlier from <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (1186) and from <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a> (1189). The <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Ban_Kulin" title="Charter of Ban Kulin">Charter of Ban Kulin</a> of Bosnia is also the first official document where the city is referred to as <i>Dubrovnik</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESugar2012170–171_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESugar2012170–171-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venetian_suzerainty_(1205–1358)"><span id="Venetian_suzerainty_.281205.E2.80.931358.29"></span>Venetian suzerainty (1205–1358)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Venetian suzerainty (1205–1358)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1202, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian Republic</a> invaded Dalmatia with the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>, and Ragusa was forced to pay tribute. Ragusa began supplying Venice with products such as hides, wax, silver, and other metals. Venice used the city as its naval base in the southern <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. </p><p>The Venetians used Ragusa as an important base for the traffic of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Balkan_slave_trade" title="Balkan slave trade">Balkan slave trade</a>, from which slaves were transported from the Balkans across the Adriatic Sea to the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from which they were sold on to either <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Spain" title="Slavery in Spain">slavery in Spain</a> in the West or <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Egypt" title="Slavery in Egypt">slavery in Egypt</a> in the South.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike with <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a>, there was not much friction between Ragusa and Venice as the city had not yet begun to compete as an alternative carrier in the trade between East and West; in addition, the city retained most of its independence. The people, however, resented the ever-growing tribute.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the middle of the 13th century the island of Lastovo was added to the original territory. On 22 January 1325, Serbian king <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Uroš III">Stefan Uroš III</a> issued a document for the sale of his maritime possessions of the city of Ston and peninsula of Pelješac to Ragusa.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1333, during the rule of Serbian king <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a> (Stefan Uroš IV, r. 1331–1355), the two possessions were handed over to Ragusa.<sup id="cite_ref-Blagojević2001_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blagojević2001-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1348, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> struck the city and decimated the urban population.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik#History" title="Dubrovnik">History of Dubrovnik</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_from_Venice_(1358)"><span id="Independence_from_Venice_.281358.29"></span>Independence from Venice (1358)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Independence from Venice (1358)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1358, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zadar" title="Treaty of Zadar">Treaty of Zadar</a> forced Venice to yield all claims to Dalmatia. The city accepted the mild hegemony of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I of Hungary</a>. On 27 May 1358, the final agreement was reached at <a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d" title="Visegrád">Visegrád</a> between Louis and the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> Ivan Saraka. The city recognized <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungarian</a> sovereignty, but the local nobility continued to rule with little interference from the Hungarian court at <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a>. The Republic profited from the suzerainty of Louis of Hungary, whose kingdom was not a naval power, and with whom they would have little conflict of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last Venetian <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">conte</a> left, apparently in a hurry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200661_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200661-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although under the Visegrád agreement Dubrovnik was formally under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">ban of Croatia</a>, the city successfully resisted both the royal and ban authority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaneković_Römer200399–100_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaneković_Römer200399–100-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1399, the city acquired the area between Ragusa and Pelješac, called the <i>Primorje</i> (Dubrovačko primorje) with Slano (lat. <i>Terrae novae</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESugar2012170_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESugar2012170-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was purchased from Bosnian King <a href="/wiki/Ostoja_of_Bosnia" title="Ostoja of Bosnia">Stephen Ostoja</a>. A brief <a href="/wiki/Bosnian-Ragusan_War_(1403)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian-Ragusan War (1403)">war with Bosnia</a> in 1403 and 1404 ended with Bosnian withdrawal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200669_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200669-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1419 and 1426, the <a href="/wiki/Konavle" title="Konavle">Konavle</a> region, south of Astarea (Župa dubrovačka), including the city of Cavtat, was added to the Republic's possessions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESugar2012170_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESugar2012170-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first half of the 15th century Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Stojkovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Stojković">Ivan Stojković</a> (<i>Johannes de Carvatia</i>) was active in Dubrovnik as a Church reformer and writer. During the peak of trade relations between the Bosnian kingdom and other neighboring regions, the largest caravan trade route was established between <a href="/wiki/Podvisoki" title="Podvisoki">Podvisoki</a> and Ragusa. This trading activity culminated in the year 1428, on 9 August, when a group of <a href="/wiki/Vlachs_in_medieval_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Vlachs in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina">Vlachs</a> pledged to the lord of Ragusa, Tomo Bunić, that they would provide a delivery of 600 horses along with 1500 <a href="/wiki/Modius_(unit_of_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modius (unit of area)">modius</a> of <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>. The intended recipient of the delivery was Dobrašin Veseoković, and in exchange the Vlachs agreed to receive payment equal to half the amount of salt delivered.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_suzerainty">Ottoman suzerainty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ottoman suzerainty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1430 and 1442, the Republic signed short-term arrangements with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> defining its status. In 1458, the Republic signed a treaty with the Ottomans which made it a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a>. Under the treaty, the Republic owed the sultan "fidelity", "truthfulness", and "submission", and an annual tribute, which was in 1481 defined at 12,500 gold coins. The sultan guaranteed to protect Ragusa and granted them extensive trading privileges. Under the agreement, the republic retained its autonomous status and was virtually independent,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKunčević201392–93_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKunčević201392–93-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and usually allied with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ancona" title="Republic of Ancona">Maritime Republic of Ancona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It could enter into relations with foreign powers and make treaties with them (as long as not conflicting with Ottoman interests), and its ships sailed under its own flag. Ottoman vassalage also conferred special trade rights that extended within the Empire. Ragusa handled the Adriatic trade on behalf of the Ottomans, and its merchants received special <a href="/wiki/Tax_exemption" title="Tax exemption">tax exemptions</a> and trading benefits from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Porte" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Porte">Porte</a>. It also operated colonies that enjoyed extraterritorial rights in major Ottoman cities.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Merchants from Ragusa could enter the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, which was otherwise closed to non-Ottoman shipping. The Ragusan merchants paid less in <a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">customs duties</a> than other foreign merchants, and the city-state enjoyed diplomatic support from multiple foreign powers, including from the Ottomans, in disputes with the Venetians.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For their part, Ottomans regarded Ragusa as a port of major importance, since most of the traffic between <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a> (an Ottoman port in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>) was carried out via Ragusa. Florentine cargoes would leave the Italian ports of <a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">Pesaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fano" title="Fano">Fano</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a> to reach Ragusa. From that point on they would take the land route <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Bosnasaray</a> (Sarajevo)–<a href="/wiki/Novi_Pazar" title="Novi Pazar">Novibazar</a>–<a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>–<a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>–<a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When, in the late 16th century, Ragusa placed its merchant marine at the disposal of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> on condition that its participation in the Spanish military ventures would not affect the interest of the Ottoman Empire; the latter tolerated the situation as the trade of Ragusa permitted the importation of goods from states with which the Ottoman Empire was at war.<sup id="cite_ref-Faroqhi_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faroqhi-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with England, Spain and <a href="/wiki/Genoese_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Genoese Republic">Genoa</a>, Ragusa was one of Venice's most damaging competitors in the 15th century on all seas, even in the Adriatic. Thanks to its proximity to the plentiful <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> forests of <a href="/wiki/Gargano" title="Gargano">Gargano</a>, it was able to bid cargoes away from the Venetians.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_of_the_Republic">Decline of the Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Decline of the Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Special:EditPage/Republic of Ragusa">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese explorations</a> which opened up new ocean routes, the <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">spice trade</a> no longer went through the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>. Moreover, the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery of the Americas">discovery of the Americas</a> started a crisis in Mediterranean shipping. This was the beginning of the decline of both the Venetian and Ragusan republics. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII of France</a> granted trading rights to the Ragusans in 1497, and <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a> in 1502. In the first decade of the 16th century, Ragusan consuls were sent to France while their French counterparts were sent to Ragusa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Prominent Ragusans in France included Simon de Benessa, Lovro Gigants, D. de Bonda, Ivan Cvletković, captain Ivan Florio, Petar Lukarić (Petrus de Luccari), Serafin Gozze, and Luca de Sorgo. The Ragusan aristocracy was also well represented at the <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne University</a> in Paris. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ragusa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Ragusa.jpg/200px-Map_of_Ragusa.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Ragusa.jpg/300px-Map_of_Ragusa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Map_of_Ragusa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="311" /></a><figcaption>Old map of the Republic of Ragusa, dated 1678</figcaption></figure> <p>The fate of Ragusa was linked to that of the Ottoman Empire. Ragusa and Venice lent technical assistance to the Ottoman–<a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mameluke</a>–<a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> alliance that the Portuguese defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diu_(1509)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Diu (1509)">Battle of Diu</a> in the Indian Ocean (1509). </p><p>There is some evidence of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragusan_trade_with_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ragusan trade with India (page does not exist)">Ragusan trade with India </a> in the 16th century. This has been historical evidence of this in the town of <a href="/wiki/Gandaulim_(Ilhas)" title="Gandaulim (Ilhas)">Gandaulim (Ilhas)</a>. The town is said to have been a colonial outpost of Ragusa .<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 6 April 1667, a <a href="/wiki/1667_Dubrovnik_earthquake" title="1667 Dubrovnik earthquake">devastating earthquake</a> struck and killed around 2,000 citizens, and up to 1,000 in the rest of the republic,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006328_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006328-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including many patricians and the <a href="/wiki/Rector_(politics)" title="Rector (politics)">Rector</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">knez</i>) <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0i%C5%A1mundo_Gunduli%C4%87" title="Šišmundo Gundulić">Šišmundo Gundulić</a>. The earthquake also leveled most of the city's public buildings, leaving only the outer walls intact. Buildings in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> styles – palaces, churches and monasteries – were destroyed. Of the city's major public buildings, only the Sponza Palace and the front part of the <a href="/wiki/Rector%27s_Palace,_Dubrovnik" title="Rector's Palace, Dubrovnik">Rector's Palace</a> at Luža Square survived. Gradually the city was rebuilt in the more modest <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> style. With great effort, Ragusa recovered a bit but still remained a shadow of the former Republic. </p><p>In 1677 <a href="/wiki/House_of_Caboga" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Caboga">Marin Caboga</a> (1630–1692)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bona" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Bona">Nikola Bunić</a> (ca. 1635–1678) arrived in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in an attempt to avert an imminent threat to Ragusa: Kara-Mustafa's pretensions for the annexation of Ragusa to the Ottoman Empire. The Grand-Vizier, struck with the capacity Marin showed in the arts of persuasion and acquainted with his resources in active life, resolved to deprive his country of so able a diplomat, and on 13 December he was imprisoned, where he was to remain for several years. In 1683, Kara-Mustafa was killed in the attacks on <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, and Marin was soon free to return to Ragusa. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercante_Raguseo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mercante_Raguseo.jpg/170px-Mercante_Raguseo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mercante_Raguseo.jpg/255px-Mercante_Raguseo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mercante_Raguseo.jpg/340px-Mercante_Raguseo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A merchant from the Republic, 1708</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1683 the Ottomans were defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vienna" title="Battle of Vienna">Battle of Kahlenberg</a> outside Vienna. The field marshal of the Austrian army was Ragusan <a href="/wiki/Frano_%C4%90ivo_Gunduli%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Frano Đivo Gundulić">Frano Đivo Gundulić</a>. In 1684, the emissaries renewed an agreement contracted in <a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d" title="Visegrád">Visegrád</a> in the year 1358 and accepted the sovereignty of Habsburg as Hungarian Kings over Ragusa, with an annual tax of 500 ducats. At the same time, Ragusa continued to recognize the sovereignty of the Ottomans, a common arrangement at the time. This opened up greater opportunities for Ragusa ships in ports all along the Dalmatian coast, in which they anchored frequently. After this, Venice captured a part of Ragusa's inland area and approached its borders. They presented the threat of completely surrounding and cutting off Ragusa's trade inland. In view of this danger and anticipating the defeat of the Ottomans in 1684 Ragusa sent emissaries to <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Leopold</a> in Vienna, hoping that the Austrian Army would capture Bosnia. Unfortunately for the Republic, the Ottomans retained control over their hinterland. In the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Karlowitz" title="Treaty of Karlowitz">Treaty of Karlowitz</a> (1699), the Ottomans ceded large territories to the victorious <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburgs</a>, Venetians, <a href="/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Russians</a>, but retained <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a>. The Republic of Ragusa ceded two patches of its coast to the Ottoman Empire so that the Republic of Venice would be unable to attack from land, only from the sea. One of them, the northwestern land border with the small town of Neum, is today the only outlet of present-day <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> to the Adriatic Sea. The southeastern border village of <a href="/wiki/Sutorina" title="Sutorina">Sutorina</a> later became part of <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, which has a coastline to the south. After the treaty, Neum and Sutorina were attached to <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Herzegovina" title="Sanjak of Herzegovina">Sanjak of Herzegovina</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Eyalet" title="Bosnia Eyalet">Bosnia Eyalet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ragusa continued its policy of strict neutrality in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Austrian_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Austrian succession">War of Austrian succession</a> (1741–48) and in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> (1756–63). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tallero_Ragusa_1752-131252.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tallero_Ragusa_1752-131252.jpg/200px-Tallero_Ragusa_1752-131252.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tallero_Ragusa_1752-131252.jpg/300px-Tallero_Ragusa_1752-131252.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tallero_Ragusa_1752-131252.jpg/400px-Tallero_Ragusa_1752-131252.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption>Ragusan tallero (1½ ducat) of 1752 with the effigy of a former Rector</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ragusa-flags_French-Encyclopedie.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ragusa-flags_French-Encyclopedie.gif/220px-Ragusa-flags_French-Encyclopedie.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ragusa-flags_French-Encyclopedie.gif/330px-Ragusa-flags_French-Encyclopedie.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Ragusa-flags_French-Encyclopedie.gif 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Flags of the Republic of Ragusa in the 18th century, according to the French <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1783, the Ragusan Council did not answer the proposition put forward by their diplomatic representative in Paris, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frano_Favi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frano Favi (page does not exist)">Frano Favi</a>, that they should establish diplomatic relations with America, although the Americans agreed to allow Ragusan ships free passage in their ports. </p><p>The first years of the French war were prosperous for Ragusa. The flag of Saint Blaise being neutral, the Republic became one of the chief carriers of the Mediterranean. The Continental Blockade was the life of Ragusa; and before the rise of <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Lissa</a> the manufacturers of England, excluded from the ports of France, Italy, Holland, and Germany, found their way to the center of Europe through Saloniki and Ragusa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_occupation">French occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: French occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a> and the consequent <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pressburg_(1805)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pressburg (1805)">peace treaty</a>, having compelled Austria to hand over Dalmatia to France, put Ragusa in a dilemma. The nearby <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor">Bay of Kotor</a> was a Venetian frontier against the Ottomans. But while France held the land, the United Kingdom and Russia held the sea; and while French troops marched from Austerlitz to Dalmatia, eleven Russian <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">ships of the line</a> entered the Bay of Kotor, and landed 6,000 men, later supported by 16,000 Montenegrins under <a href="/wiki/Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar I Petrović-Njegoš">Petar I Petrović-Njegoš</a>. As 5,000 Frenchmen under General <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Jean_Joseph_Molitor" title="Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor">Molitor</a> marched southwards and peacefully took control of the fortresses of Dalmatia, the Russians pressed the senators of Ragusa to allow them to occupy the city, as it was an important fortress – thus anticipating that France might block further progress to Kotor. As there was no way from Dalmatia to Kotor but through Ragusa, General Molitor was equally ardent in trying to win Ragusa's support. </p><p>The Republic was determined to maintain its strict neutrality, knowing that anything else would mean its destruction. The Senate dispatched two emissaries to Molitor to dissuade him from entering Ragusan territory. Despite his statement that he intended to respect and defend the independence of the Ragusan Republic, his words demonstrated that he had no qualms about violating the territory of a neutral nation on his way to take possession of Kotor, and he even said that he would cross the Ottoman territories of <a href="/wiki/Neum" title="Neum">Neum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutorina" title="Sutorina">Sutorina</a> (bordering the Republic to the north and south, respectively) without asking permission from the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009107_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009107-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the emissaries' protestation he responded by promising to respect Ragusan neutrality and not enter its territory in exchange for a loan of 300,000 francs. It was clearly blackmail (a similar episode occurred in 1798, when a Revolutionary French fleet threatened invasion if the Republic did not pay a huge contribution).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009110–111_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009110–111-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ragusan government instructed the emissaries to inform Molitor that the Russians told the Republic quite clearly that should any French troops enter Ragusan territory, the Russians and their Montenegrin allies would proceed to pillage and destroy every part of the Republic, and also to inform him that the Republic could neither afford to pay such an amount of money, nor could it raise such an amount from its population without the Russians being alerted, provoking an invasion. Even though the emissaries managed to persuade General Molitor not to violate Ragusan territory, Napoleon was not content with the stalemate between France and Russia concerning Ragusa and the Bay of Kotor and soon decided to order the occupation of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009118,_121,_123,_165_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009118,_121,_123,_165-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon entering Ragusan territory and approaching the capital, the French General <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lauriston" title="Jacques Lauriston">Jacques Lauriston</a> demanded that his troops be allowed to rest and be provided with food and drink in the city before continuing on to Kotor. However, this was a deception because as soon as they entered the city, they proceeded to occupy it in the name of Napoleon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009187–189_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009187–189-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, Lauriston demanded an impossible contribution of a million francs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009193_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009193-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> in London reported these events in its edition of 24 June 1806: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>General Lauriston took possession of the City and Republic of Ragusa, on the 27th of May. The Proclamation which he published on that occasion is a most extraordinary document. The only reason advanced for this annihilation of the independence of that little State is an obscure insinuation, that the enemies of France exercised too much influence there. The Proclamation does not mention in what respect this influence has proved prejudicial to France, although the dignity of Buonaparte, it seems, is concerned in putting an end to it. M. Lauriston would have come off much better, if he had disdained making any excuse, and suffered the circumstance to stand upon its own unqualified foundations of state necessity and the right of the strongest. A very important fact is, however, disclosed in this Proclamation. It is not the surrender of Cattaro, it seems, that will satisfy the Emperor of the French. He looks forward to the evacuation of Corfu, and the whole of the Seven Islands, as well as the retreat of the Russian squadron from the Adriatic. Until that be effected, he will retain possession of Ragusa; but is there anyone who will believe, that if there was not a Russian flag or stand of colours to be seen in Albania, or on the Adriatic, that he would reestablish that Republic in its former independence?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009404_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009404-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Almost immediately after the beginning of the French occupation, Russian and Montenegrin troops entered Ragusan territory and began fighting the French army, raiding and pillaging everything along the way and culminating in <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ragusa_(1806)" title="Siege of Ragusa (1806)">a siege of the occupied city</a> during which 3,000 cannonballs fell on the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009240–241,_247_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009240–241,_247-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The environs, thick with villas, the results of a long prosperity, were plundered, including half a million <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">sterling</a>. </p><p>The city was in the utmost straits; General Molitor, who had advanced within a few days' march of Ragusa, made an appeal to the Dalmatians to rise and expel the Russian–Montenegrin force, which met with a feeble response. Only three hundred men joined him, but a stratagem made up for his deficiency of numbers. A letter, seemingly confidential, was dispatched to General Lauriston in Ragusa, announcing his proximate arrival to raise the siege with such a force of Dalmatians as must overwhelm the Russians and the vast Montenegrin army; which letter was, as intended by Molitor, intercepted and believed by the besieging Russians. With his force thinly scattered, to make up a show, Molitor now advanced towards Ragusa, and turning the Montenegrin position in the valley behind, threatened to surround the Russians who occupied the summit of the hill between him and the city; but seeing the risk of this, the Russians retreated back towards the Bay of Kotor, and the city was relieved. The Montenegrin army had followed the order of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Senyavin" title="Dmitry Senyavin">Dmitry Senyavin</a> who was in charge of the Russian troops, and retreated to <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_Republic">End of the Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: End of the Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Special:EditPage/Republic of Ragusa">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marmont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marmont.jpg/170px-Marmont.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marmont.jpg/255px-Marmont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marmont.jpg/340px-Marmont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="1978" /></a><figcaption>Marshal <a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a>, Duke of Ragusa, during French rule</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 1800, the Republic had a highly organized network of consulates and consular offices in more than eighty cities and ports around the world. In 1808, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Louis_Viesse_de_Marmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont">Marshal Marmont</a> issued a proclamation abolishing the Republic of Ragusa and amalgamating its territory into the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy">Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy</a>, himself claiming the newly created title of "Duke of Ragusa" (<i>Duc de Raguse</i>). In 1810, Ragusa, together with Dalmatia and Istria, went to the newly created French <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a>. Later, in the 1814 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">Battle of Paris</a>, Marmont abandoned Napoleon and was branded a traitor. Since he was known as the "Duke of Ragusa", the word <i>ragusade</i> was coined in French to signify treason and <i>raguser</i> meant a cheat. </p><p>Article 44 of the 1811 decree abolished the centuries-old institution of <i><a href="/wiki/Fideicommissum" title="Fideicommissum">fideicommissum</a></i> in inheritance law, by which the French enabled younger <a href="/wiki/Noblemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Noblemen">noblemen</a> to participate in that part of the family inheritance, which the former law had deprived them of. According to an 1813 inventory of the Ragusan district, 451 land proprietors were registered, including ecclesiastical institutions and the commune. Although there is no evidence of the size of their estates, the nobles, undoubtedly, were in possession of most of the land. Eleven members of the Sorgo family, eight of Gozze, six of <a href="/wiki/Ghetaldi" title="Ghetaldi">Ghetaldi</a>, six of <a href="/wiki/Puci%C4%87_family" title="Pucić family">Pozza</a>, four of <a href="/wiki/Zamagna" title="Zamagna">Zamagna</a> and three of the Saraca family were among the greatest landowners. The citizens belonging to the confraternities of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_the_Great" title="Anthony the Great">St. Anthony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">St. Lazarus</a> owned considerable land outside the city. </p><p>After seven years of French occupation, encouraged by the desertion of French soldiers after the failed <a href="/wiki/French_Invasion_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="French Invasion of Russia">invasion of Russia</a> and the reentry of Austria in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">war</a>, all the social classes of the Ragusan people rose up in a general insurrection, led by the patricians, against the Napoleonic invaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009147_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009147-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 June 1813, together with British forces they forced the surrender of the French garrison of the island of <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ipan" title="Šipan">Šipan</a>, soon also the heavily fortified town of <a href="/wiki/Ston" title="Ston">Ston</a> and the island of <a href="/wiki/Lopud" title="Lopud">Lopud</a>, after which the insurrection spread throughout the mainland, starting with <a href="/wiki/Konavle" title="Konavle">Konavle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009150–154_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009150–154-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ragusa_(1814)" title="Siege of Ragusa (1814)">laid siege</a> to the occupied city, helped by the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, who had enjoyed <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_1807%E2%80%931814" title="Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814">unopposed domination over the Adriatic sea</a>, under the command of Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Hoste" title="William Hoste">William Hoste</a>, with his ships HMS <i>Bacchante</i> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Saracen_(1812)" title="HMS Saracen (1812)">HMS <i>Saracen</i></a>. Soon the population inside the city joined the insurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009191_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009191-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> sent a force under General Todor Milutinović offering to help their Ragusan allies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009172–173_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009172–173-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as was soon shown, their intention was to in fact replace the French occupation of Ragusa with their own. Seducing one of the temporary governors of the Republic, <a href="/wiki/Biagio_Bernardo_Caboga" title="Biagio Bernardo Caboga">Biagio Bernardo Caboga</a>, with promises of power and influence (which were later cut short and who died in ignominy, branded as a traitor by his people), they managed to convince him that the gate to the east was to be kept closed to the Ragusan forces and to let the Austrian forces enter the city from the west, without any Ragusan soldiers, once the French garrison of 500 troops under General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_H%C3%A9lie_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Perruquet_de_Montrichard" title="Joseph Hélie Désiré Perruquet de Montrichard">Joseph de Montrichard</a> had surrendered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009194_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009194-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Major Council of the Ragusan nobility (as the assembly of 44 patricians who had been members of the Major Council before the Republic was occupied by France) met for the last time on 18 January 1814 in the Villa Giorgi in <a href="/wiki/Moko%C5%A1ica" title="Mokošica">Mokošica</a>, Ombla, in an effort to restore the Republic of Ragusa. </p><p>On 27 January, the French capitulation was signed in Gruž and ratified the same day. It was then that <a href="/wiki/Biagio_Bernardo_Caboga" title="Biagio Bernardo Caboga">Biagio Bernardo Caboga</a> openly sided with the Austrians, dismissing the part of the rebel army which was from <a href="/wiki/Konavle" title="Konavle">Konavle</a>. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ivo_Natali" class="mw-redirect" title="Đivo Natali">Đivo Natali</a> and his men were still waiting outside the <a href="/wiki/Plo%C4%8De_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Ploče Gates">Ploče Gates</a>. After almost eight years of occupation, the French troops marched out of Dubrovnik on 27 and 28 January 1814. On the afternoon of 28 January 1814, the Austrian and British troops made their way into the city through the Pile Gates. With Caboga's support, General Milutinović ignored the agreement he had made with the nobility in Gruž. The events which followed can be best epitomized in the so-called flag episode.<sup id="cite_ref-Cosic2000_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosic2000-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 141">: 141 </span></sup> </p><p>The Flag of Saint Blaise was flown alongside the Austrian and British colors, but only for two days because, on 30 January, General Milutinović ordered Mayor Sabo Giorgi to lower it. Overwhelmed by a feeling of deep patriotic pride, Giorgi, the last Rector of the Republic and a loyal francophile, refused to do so "for the masses had hoisted it". Subsequent events proved that Austria took every possible opportunity to invade the entire coast of the eastern Adriatic, from Venice to <a href="/wiki/Kotor" title="Kotor">Kotor</a>. The Austrians did everything in their power to eliminate the Ragusa issue at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>. Ragusan representative <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miho_Bona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miho Bona (page does not exist)">Miho Bona</a>, elected at the last meeting of the Major Council, was denied participation in the Congress, while Milutinović, prior to the final agreement of the allies, assumed complete control of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Cosic2000_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosic2000-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 141–142">: 141–142 </span></sup> </p><p>Regardless of the fact that the government of the Ragusan Republic never signed any capitulation nor relinquished its sovereignty, which according to the rules of <a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Klemens von Metternich</a> that Austria adopted for the Vienna Congress should have meant that the Republic would be restored, the Austrian Empire managed to convince the other allies to allow it to keep the territory of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009208–210_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009208–210-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many smaller and less significant cities and former countries were permitted an audience, that right was refused to the representative of the Ragusan Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009270–272_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009270–272-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of this was in blatant contradiction to the solemn treaties that the Austrian Emperors signed with the Republic: the first on 20 August 1684, in which <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a> promised and guaranteed inviolate liberty ("inviolatam libertatem") to the Republic, and the second in 1772, in which the Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> promised protection and respect of the inviolability of the freedom and territory of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009217–218_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009217–218-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the Congress of Vienna, Ragusa and the territories of the former Republic were made part of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">crown land</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a>, ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>, which became known as <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> in 1867, which it remained a part of until 1918. </p><p>After the fall of the Republic, most of the aristocracy died out or emigrated overseas; around one fifth of the noble families were recognized by the Habsburg Monarchy. Some of the families that were recognized and survived were the Ghetaldi-Gundula, Gozze, Kaboga, Sorgo, Zlatarić, Zamagna, Pozza, Gradi and Bona. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dubrovnik_Republic_in_Croatia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dubrovnik_Republic_in_Croatia.png/220px-Dubrovnik_Republic_in_Croatia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dubrovnik_Republic_in_Croatia.png/330px-Dubrovnik_Republic_in_Croatia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dubrovnik_Republic_in_Croatia.png/440px-Dubrovnik_Republic_in_Croatia.png 2x" data-file-width="2201" data-file-height="2151" /></a><figcaption>Location of the Republic of Ragusa within present-day Croatia</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Special:EditPage/Republic of Ragusa">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Platz_in_Dubrovnik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Platz_in_Dubrovnik.jpg/280px-Platz_in_Dubrovnik.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Platz_in_Dubrovnik.jpg/420px-Platz_in_Dubrovnik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Platz_in_Dubrovnik.jpg/560px-Platz_in_Dubrovnik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rector%27s_Palace,_Dubrovnik" title="Rector's Palace, Dubrovnik">Rector's Palace</a> (the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Rector_(politics)" title="Rector (politics)">Rector</a>, the Minor Council, the Senate and the administration of the Republic from the 14th century to 1808), behind it the Sponza Palace</figcaption></figure> <p>The Republican Constitution of Ragusa was strictly <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristocracy (government)">aristocratic</a>. The population was divided into three classes: <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>, citizens, and <a href="/wiki/Plebeians" title="Plebeians">plebeians</a>, who were mainly <a href="/wiki/Artisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Artisans">artisans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">farmers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Serfs">serfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonus_(person)" title="Colonus (person)">coloni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">freemen</a>). All effective power was concentrated in the hands of the aristocracy. The citizens were permitted to hold only minor offices, while plebeians had no voice in government. Marriage between members of different classes of the society was forbidden. </p><p>The organization of the government was based on the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice#Government" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian model</a>: the administrative bodies were the Major Council (<i>Consilium maius</i>, <i>Maggior Consiglio</i>, <i>Velje vijeće</i>), the Minor Council (<i>Consilium minus</i>, <i>Minor Consiglio</i>, <i>Malo vijeće</i>) (from 1238) and the Senate (<i>Consilium rogatorum</i>, <i>Consiglio dei Pregadi</i>, <i>Vijeće umoljenih</i>) from 1253. The head of the state was the <a href="/wiki/Rector_(politics)" title="Rector (politics)">Rector</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KHM_Wien_A_141_-_Ceremonial_sword_of_the_Rector_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa,_1466.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/KHM_Wien_A_141_-_Ceremonial_sword_of_the_Rector_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa%2C_1466.jpg/100px-KHM_Wien_A_141_-_Ceremonial_sword_of_the_Rector_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa%2C_1466.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/KHM_Wien_A_141_-_Ceremonial_sword_of_the_Rector_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa%2C_1466.jpg/150px-KHM_Wien_A_141_-_Ceremonial_sword_of_the_Rector_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa%2C_1466.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/KHM_Wien_A_141_-_Ceremonial_sword_of_the_Rector_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa%2C_1466.jpg/200px-KHM_Wien_A_141_-_Ceremonial_sword_of_the_Rector_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa%2C_1466.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="6048" /></a><figcaption>Ceremonial sword of the Rector of Ragusa, donated 1466 by King <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias Corvinus</a> as a sign of his judicial authority</figcaption></figure> <p>The Major Council consisted only of members of the aristocracy; every noble took his seat at the age of 18 (from 1332 when the council was "closed" and only male members of Ragusian noble families had seat in it – <i>Serrata del Maggior Consiglio Raguseo</i>). It was the supreme governing and legislative body which (after 1358) elected other councils, officials and the Rector. </p><p>Every year, members of the Minor Council were elected by the Major Council. Together with the Rector, the Minor Council had both executive and ceremonial functions. It consisted first of eleven members and after 1667 of seven members. </p><p>The main power was in the hands of the Senate, which had 45 members over 40 years of age, elected for one year also by the Major Council. First it had only consultative functions, later (during the 16th century) the Senate became the real government of the Republic. In the 18th century the Senate was <i>de facto</i> the highest institution of the Republic and senators became "nobles of the nobility". </p><p>While the Republic was under the rule of Venice (1204–1358), the duke – head of the state (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i>comes</i>, Italian: <i>conte</i>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i>knez</i>) was Venetian; but after 1358 the elected Rector (from 1358 nominal head of the state was known as <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i>rector</i>, Italian: <i>rettore</i>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i>knez</i>) was always a person from the Republic of Ragusa chosen by the Major Council. The length of the Rector's service was only one month, and a person was eligible for reelection after two years. The rector lived and worked in the <a href="/wiki/Rector%27s_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Rector's Palace">Rector's Palace</a>. </p><p>This organization was designed to prevent any single family from gaining absolute control, such as the <a href="/wiki/Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Medici">Medici</a> had done in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. Nevertheless, historians agree that the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Giorgi" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Giorgi">Giorgi</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sorgo" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Sorgo">Sorgo</a> families generally had the greatest influence (especially during the 18th century). </p><p>Until the 15th century, judicial functions were in the hand of the Minor Council, then a separate civil court and criminal court were established, leaving the Minor Council and the Senate only supreme appellate jurisdiction. Judges of the criminal and civil court were Ragusan patricians elected annually by the Major Council. </p><p>The officials known as <i>provveditori</i> supervised the work and acts of the councils, courts, and other officials. Known as the "guardians of justice", they could suspend decisions of the Minor Council, presenting them to the Senate for final deliberation. <i>Provveditori</i> were annually elected by the Major Council among patricians above 50 years of age. </p><p>The government of the Republic was liberal in character and early showed its concern for justice and humanitarian principles, but also conservative considering government structure and social order. An inscription on the Council's offices read: <i>Obliti privatorum publica curate</i> (Manage the public affairs as if you had no private interests). The Republic's flag had the word <i>Libertas</i> (freedom) on it, and the entrance to the Saint Lawrence fortress (<a href="/wiki/Lovrijenac" title="Lovrijenac">Lovrijenac</a>) just outside the Ragusa city walls bears the inscription <i>Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro</i> (Liberty can not be sold for all the gold of the world). The <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slave trade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Balkan_slave_trade" title="Balkan slave trade">Balkan slave trade</a>) was forbidden in 1416. The Republic was a staunch opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and only Roman Catholics could acquire Ragusan citizenship. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 16em; border:3px solid #039;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubrovnik nobility"><span style="color:#039;">Dubrovnik nobility</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ragusa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #FF0000;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Original patriciate</span></a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassegli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassegli">House of Bassegli (Basiljević)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benessa" title="Benessa">House of Benessa (Beneša)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binciola" title="Binciola">House of Binciola (Binčulić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobali" title="Bobali">House of Bobali (Bobaljević)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocignolo" title="Bocignolo">House of Bocignolo (Bučinić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bona_family" title="Bona family">House of Bona (Bunić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonda_family" title="Bonda family">House of Bonda (Bundić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C4%87a" title="Buća">House of Bucchia (Buća)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaboga_family" title="Kaboga family">House of Caboga (Kaboga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calich" title="Calich">House of Calich (Kalić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerva_family" title="Cerva family">House of Cerva (Crijević)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croce_family" title="Croce family">House of Croce (Kručić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetaldi" title="Ghetaldi">House of Ghetaldi (Getaldić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_family" title="Giorgi family">House of Giorgi (Đurđević)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunduli%C4%87_family" title="Gundulić family">House of Gondola (Gundulić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C4%8Deti%C4%87" title="Gučetić">House of Gozze (Gučetić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradi%C4%87_family" title="Gradić family">House of Gradi (Gradić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C4%8Di%C4%87_family" title="Lučić family">House of Luca (Lučić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukari%C4%87" title="Lukarić">House of Luccari (Lukarević)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinussio" title="Martinussio">House of Martinussio (Martinušić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%C4%8Deti%C4%87" title="Menčetić">House of Menze (Menčetić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlaskonja" class="mw-redirect" title="Mlaskonja">House of Mlascagna (Mlaskonja)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmoti%C4%87" title="Palmotić">House of Palmotta (Palmotić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puci%C4%87_family" title="Pucić family">House of Pozza (Pucić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proculo" title="Proculo">House of Proculo (Prokulović)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodanelli" title="Prodanelli">House of Prodanelli (Prodančić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjina" title="Ranjina">House of Ragnina (Ranjina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resti_family" title="Resti family">House of Resti (Restić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraka" title="Saraka">House of Saraca (Saraka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorgo_family" title="Sorgo family">House of Sorgo (Sorkočević)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudisi" title="Tudisi">House of Tudisi (Tudizić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87_family" title="Vučić family">House of Volzio (Vučić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamagna" title="Zamagna">House of Zamagna (Džamanjić)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #FF0000;"> <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Late patriciate</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidarevi%C4%87" title="Božidarević">House of Bosdari (Božidarević)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kla%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Klašić">House of Clasci (Klašić)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natali_family" title="Natali family">House of Natali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavli%C4%87_noble_family" title="Pavlić noble family">House of Paoli (Pavlić)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Primi_Marinetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Primi Marinetti (page does not exist)">House of Primi Marinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Radagli_(Radaljevi%C4%87)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Radagli (Radaljević) (page does not exist)">House of Radagli (Radaljević)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Seratura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Seratura (page does not exist)">House of Seratura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodopi%C4%87" title="Vodopić">House of Vodopić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlatari%C4%87_family" title="Zlatarić family">House of Zlatarić</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dubrovnik_nobility_sidebar" title="Template:Dubrovnik nobility sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dubrovnik_nobility_sidebar" title="Template talk:Dubrovnik nobility sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dubrovnik_nobility_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dubrovnik nobility sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aristocracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ragusan_nobility" title="Ragusan nobility">Ragusan nobility</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ragusans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ragusans">List of Ragusans</a></div> <p>The city was ruled by the aristocracy, and marriage between members of three different social classes was strictly forbidden. The Ragusan aristocracy<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> evolved in the 12th century through the 14th century. It was finally established by statute in 1332. New families were accepted only after the earthquake in 1667. </p><p>The Ragusan archives document, <i>Speculum Maioris Consilii Rectores</i>, lists all the persons that were involved in the Republic's government between September 1440 and January 1808. Of 4397 rectors elected, 2764 (63%) were from "old patrician" families: Gozze, Bona, Caboga, Cerva, Ghetaldi, Giorgi, Gradi, Pozza, Saraca, Sorgo, and Zamanya. An 1802 list of the republic's governing bodies showed that six of the eight Minor Council and 15 of the 20 Major Council members were from the same 11 families. </p><p>Because of the decrease of their numbers and lack of noble families in the neighborhood (the surroundings of Dubrovnik was under Ottoman control) the aristocracy became increasingly closely related, and marriages between relatives of the third and fourth degree were frequent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_among_the_nobility">Relations among the nobility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Relations among the nobility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ragusan_People.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Ragusan_People.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="137" data-file-height="186" /></a><figcaption>Ragusan clothing</figcaption></figure> <p>The nobility survived even when the classes were divided by internal disputes. When Marmont arrived in Dubrovnik in 1808, the nobility was divided into two blocks, the "Salamankezi" (<i>Salamanquinos</i>) and the "Sorbonezi" (<i>Sorboneses</i>). These names alluded to a certain controversy arisen from the wars between <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor Charles V</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Francis_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King Francis I of France">King Francis I of France</a>, which happened some 250 years previously. After the 1667 earthquake killed many nobles, some plebeians were introduced into the noble class. The "salamanquinos", those in favor of Spanish <a href="/wiki/Absolutism_(European_history)" title="Absolutism (European history)">absolutism</a>, did not treat these new nobles like equals; but the inclined "sorboneses", who sided with the French and to a certain liberalism, accepted them. Both sides retained their status and were seated together in the Council, but they did not maintain social relations and did not even greet each other in the streets; an inconvenient marriage between members of both groups was as striking as if it occurred between members of different classes. This social split was also reflected in the plebeians, who were divided into the rival brotherhoods of Saint Antony and Saint Lazarus, which were as unfriendly in their relations as the "salamanquinos" and "sorboneses". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Dubrovnik" title="Coat of arms of Dubrovnik">Coat of arms of Dubrovnik</a></div> <p>Today the coat of arms of Ragusa, in its red and blue version, can be seen in the coat of arms on the Croatian flag as it constitutes a historic part of Croatia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historian Nenad Vekarić used tax evidence from the Dubrovnik littoral (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr"><a href="/wiki/Dubrova%C4%8Dko_Primorje" title="Dubrovačko Primorje">Dubrovačko Primorje</a></i>) and a census to find that the Republic of Dubrovnik (Ragusa) had a population of nearly 90,000 by 1500. From then to 1700 the population declined: in the first half of the 16th century it had more than 50,000 inhabitants; in the second half of the 16th century, between 50,000 and 60,000; in the 1630s, about 40,000; and in 1673–74, only 26,000 inhabitants. In the second half of the 15th century, due to Turkish expansion, Dubrovnik received a large number of Christian refugees from <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a>, offering them the less fertile land. Numerous epidemics, the <a href="/wiki/Candian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Candian War">Candian War</a> of 1645–69, the 1667 earthquake, and emigration greatly reduced the population levels. The population of the republic never again reached its previous levels.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages_and_literature">Languages and literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Languages and literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> was used in official documents of the Republic. <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> came into use in the 1420s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both languages were used in official correspondence by the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007240_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007240-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Republic was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian language</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_dialect" title="Tuscan dialect">Tuscan dialect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population spoke a local dialect of <a href="/wiki/Shtokavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shtokavian dialect">Štokavian</a>, the Western South Slavic dialect group upon which the modern <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> standard languages are all based. Old Ragusan, a variant of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalmatian (language)">Dalmatian</a>, which was spoken on the Dalmatian coast following the end of the Roman Empire, with elements of old Slavic vernacular, commonly referred to as <i>ilirski</i> (Illyrian), and Italian, were among the common languages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since it was mainly used in speech, it is poorly documented. Its use started declining in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of Croatian in everyday speech increased in late 13th century, and in literary works in mid-15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the 14th century, inhabitants of the republic were mostly native speakers of Croatian,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> referred to by them as <i>Croatian</i>, <i>Slavic</i>, or <i>Illyrian</i> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006415_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006415-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is still some debate over whether <a href="/wiki/Shtokavian" title="Shtokavian">Shtokavian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chakavian" title="Chakavian">Chakavian</a> was the oldest Slavic vernacular in Ragusa. The oldest Slavic documents and the earlier prose was Shtokavian, while 16th-century poetry was Chakavian.<sup id="cite_ref-Birnbaum1974_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birnbaum1974-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> in handwriting was sometimes used.<sup id="cite_ref-Ivic_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivic-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Ragusa was part of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy">Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy</a>, between 1808 and 1810, Italian was still in official use. Croatian was normally spoken among lower classes, Italian among the upper. Ragusans were in general bilingual, speaking Croatian in common day-to-day duties and Italian in official occasions or mixing both. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ragusan_literature">Ragusan literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ragusan literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tears_of_the_Prodigal_Son.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tears_of_the_Prodigal_Son.jpg/200px-Tears_of_the_Prodigal_Son.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Tears_of_the_Prodigal_Son.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Tears_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Tears of the Prodigal Son">Tears of the Prodigal Son</a></i>, cover of the 1622 edition by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Gunduli%C4%87" title="Ivan Gundulić">Ivan Gundulić</a>, Croatian <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> poet</figcaption></figure> <p>Ragusan literature, in which Latin, Italian, and Croatian coexisted, blossomed in the 15th and 16th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Marcus Tanner: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>During the Renaissance era, Venetian-ruled Dalmatia and Ragusa gave birth to influential intellectuals – mostly minor aristocrats and clergymen, Jesuits especially – who kept alive the memory of Croatia and the Croatian language when they composed or translated plays and books from Italian and Latin into the vernacular. No matter that the dialects of Dalmatia and Dubrovnik were different from each other ... and both these dialects were somewhat different from the dialect of Zagreb, capital of the Habsburg-ruled north. They still thought of it as Croatian. ... The Dubrovnik poet <i>Dominko Zlatarić</i> (1555–1610) explained on the frontispiece of his 1597 translation of <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>' tragedy Elektra and Tasso's Aminta that it had been "iz veće tudieh jezika u Hrvacki izlozene," "translated from more foreign languages in Croatian".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanner199749_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner199749-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Literary works of famous Ragusans were written in both Croatian and Italian. Among them are the works of writers <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEore_Dr%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Džore Držić">Džore Držić</a> (Giorgio Darsa), <a href="/wiki/Marin_Dr%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Marin Držić">Marin Držić</a> (Marino Darsa), <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Buni%C4%87_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Ivan Bunić Vučić">Ivan Bunić Vučić</a> (Giovanni Serafino Bona), <a href="/wiki/Ignjat_%C4%90ur%C4%91evi%C4%87" title="Ignjat Đurđević">Ignjat Đurđević</a> (Ignazio Giorgi), <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Gunduli%C4%87" title="Ivan Gundulić">Ivan Gundulić</a> (Giovanni Gondola), <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0i%C5%A1ko_Men%C4%8Deti%C4%87" title="Šiško Menčetić">Šišmundo (Šiško) Menčetić</a> (Sigismondo Menze), and <a href="/wiki/Dinko_Ranjina" title="Dinko Ranjina">Dinko Ranjina</a> (Domenico Ragnina). </p><p>The literature of Dubrovnik had a defining role in the development of modern Croatian, Dubrovnik Shtokavian dialect having been the basis for standardized Croatian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006249_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006249-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writers from the 16th to the 19th century (before the Age of Romantic National Awakenings) that were explicit in declaring themselves as Croats and their language as Croatian included <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Men%C4%8Deti%C4%87" title="Vladislav Menčetić">Vladislav Menčetić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominko_Zlatari%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominko Zlatarić">Dominko (Dinko) Zlatarić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardin_Pavlovi%C4%87" title="Bernardin Pavlović">Bernardin Pavlović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mavro_Vetranovi%C4%87" title="Mavro Vetranović">Mavro Vetranović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Nalje%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Nikola Nalješković">Nikola Nalješković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Junije_Palmoti%C4%87" title="Junije Palmotić">Junije Palmotić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Mikalja" title="Jakov Mikalja">Jakov Mikalja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joakim_Stulli" class="mw-redirect" title="Joakim Stulli">Joakim Stulli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Bru%C3%A8re_Desrivaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc Bruère Desrivaux">Marko Bruerović</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Ignaz_Sorgo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Ignaz Sorgo (page does not exist)">Peter Ignaz Sorgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antun_Sorko%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Antun Sorkočević">Antun Sorkočević</a> (1749–1826), and <a href="/wiki/Franatica_Sorko%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Franatica Sorkočević">Franatica Sorkočević</a> (1706–71).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There also were Ragusan authors of <a href="/wiki/Morlachism" title="Morlachism">Morlachism</a>, a primarily Italian and Venetian literary movement.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_ethnic_groups">Culture and ethnic groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture and ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalmatia, a region originally inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanized</a>, consisted of a group of coastal cities that, after the fall of the Roman empire, functioned much like <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">independent states</a> with extensive autonomy. These <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_city-states" title="Dalmatian city-states">Dalmatian city-states</a> were characterized by common <a href="/wiki/Ius_Italicum" title="Ius Italicum">Latin laws</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> religion, language, commerce, and political and administrative structures; their rural hinterland, however, was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> tribes who arrived after 640 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them was <i>Ragusium</i> (Ragusa in Italian and Dubrovnik in Croatian). The original native language of the Ragusans was a local dialect of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_language" title="Dalmatian language">Dalmatian</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Romance_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance language">Romance language</a>. </p><p>Due to a number of factors, including the geographic and cultural proximity of the Italian civilization (separated only by the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> and whose Italian language formed with Dalmatian a <a href="/wiki/Italo-Dalmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Dalmatian">common group of Romance languages</a>), the alliance with <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ancona" title="Republic of Ancona">Ancona</a>, the influence and heritage of <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, Ragusa became an Italianized <a href="/wiki/Maritime_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime republic">maritime republic</a>: the Italian language came to be spoken by Ragusans and, after 1420, it was adopted by the Republic as an official language along with Latin; the city attracted numerous Italians, including merchants for trade and architects for building projects; and several noble and rich families took pride in being of Italian descent, whether it was real or invented tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As more and more Slavs moved into the city from the hinterland, a process of <a href="/wiki/Slavicization" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavicization">Slavicization</a> began, and many Ragusans came to speak a local variant of the <a href="/wiki/Shtokavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shtokavian dialect">Shtokavian dialect</a>, the same dialect upon which modern <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> are all based. Hence, the Croatian identity of Ragusa developed.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The history of Dubrovnik produced many bilingual poets and writers of the Republic of Ragusa, such as <a href="/wiki/Savino_de_Bobali" class="mw-redirect" title="Savino de Bobali">Savino de Bobali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinko_Ranjina" title="Dinko Ranjina">Dinko Ranjina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Giuseppe_Boscovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich">Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich</a>, who wrote in both Croatian and Italian. The Italian element survived the fall of the Republic of Ragusa but faded away under Austrian rule: by 1900, 6.5% Ragusans were identified as Italians in contrast to 72.3% identified as Croatians.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Currency">Currency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Republic of Ragusa used various currencies over time and in a variety of systems, including the <a href="/wiki/Artiluc" title="Artiluc">artiluc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ragusan_perpera" title="Ragusan perpera">perpera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dukat_(currency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukat (currency)">dukat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ragusian_libertine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragusian libertine">libertine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_Ragusans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable Ragusans">List of notable Ragusans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Dubrovnik" title="Walls of Dubrovnik">Walls of Dubrovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septinsular_Republic" title="Septinsular Republic">Septinsular Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Poljica" title="Republic of Poljica">Republic of Poljica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegium_Ragusinum" title="Collegium Ragusinum">Collegium Ragusinum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_language" title="Dalmatian language">Dalmatian</a>: <i lang="dlm">Republica de Ragusa</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Respublica Ragusina</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Repubblica di Ragusa</i>; <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Dubrovačka Republika</i>; <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>: <i lang="vec">Repùblega de Raguxa</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235–238_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLodgePugh2007">Lodge & Pugh 2007</a>, pp. 235–238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Rheubottom2000" class="citation book cs1">David Rheubottom (2000). <i>Age, Marriage, and Politics in Fifteenth-Century Ragusa</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-823412-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-823412-0"><bdi>0-19-823412-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Age%2C+Marriage%2C+and+Politics+in+Fifteenth-Century+Ragusa&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-823412-0&rft.au=David+Rheubottom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley1866" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Riley" title="Henry Thomas Riley">Riley, Henry Thomas</a> (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarylatin00rilegoog"><i>Dictionary of Latin quotations, proverbs, maxims, and mottos</i></a>. Covent Garden: Bell & Daldy. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarylatin00rilegoog/page/n286">274</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Latin+quotations%2C+proverbs%2C+maxims%2C+and+mottos&rft.place=Covent+Garden&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=Bell+%26+Daldy&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Henry+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionarylatin00rilegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws1pAAAAMAAJ"><i>Dubrovnik Annals</i></a>. Zavod za povijesne znanosti Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti u Dubrovniku. 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dubrovnik+Annals&rft.pub=Zavod+za+povijesne+znanosti+Hrvatske+akademije+znanosti+i+umjetnosti+u+Dubrovniku&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWs1pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200627-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200627_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leksikon.muzej-marindrzic.eu/bosna/">"Bosna"</a>. <i>Leksikon Marina Držića</i> (in Croatian). <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Krle%C5%BEa_Institute_of_Lexicography" title="Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography">Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography</a> and House of Marin Držić. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Leksikon+Marina+Dr%C5%BEi%C4%87a&rft.atitle=Bosna&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleksikon.muzej-marindrzic.eu%2Fbosna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-43555">Croatia</a> (2006), <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Retrieved 23 August 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrel1998" class="citation book cs1">Orel, Vladimir E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38411461"><i>Albanian etymological dictionary</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11024-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11024-0"><bdi>90-04-11024-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38411461">38411461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albanian+etymological+dictionary&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38411461&rft.isbn=90-04-11024-0&rft.aulast=Orel&rft.aufirst=Vladimir+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F38411461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerald_Henry_BlakeDuško_TopalovićClive_H._Schofield1996" class="citation book cs1">Gerald Henry Blake; Duško Topalović & Clive H. Schofield (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lLVFW0an7NUC&pg=PA47"><i>The maritime boundaries of the Adriatic Sea</i></a>. IBRU. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897643-22-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897643-22-8"><bdi>978-1-897643-22-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+maritime+boundaries+of+the+Adriatic+Sea&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=IBRU&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-897643-22-8&rft.au=Gerald+Henry+Blake&rft.au=Du%C5%A1ko+Topalovi%C4%87&rft.au=Clive+H.+Schofield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlLVFW0an7NUC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESugar2012170-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESugar2012170_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESugar2012170_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESugar2012170_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSugar2012">Sugar 2012</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrekićKazhdan1991665_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrekićKazhdan1991">Krekić & Kazhdan 1991</a>, p. 665.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paton-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paton_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Archibald Paton (1861). <i>Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic; Or Contributions to the Modern History of Hungary and Transylvania, Dalmatia and Croatia, Servia and Bulgaria</i>, Brockhaus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200624-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200624_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sugar-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sugar_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_F._Sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter F. Sugar">Peter F. Sugar</a> (1983). <i>Southeastern Europe Under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804</i>, University of Washington Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-96033-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-96033-7">0-295-96033-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNičetić1996" class="citation book cs1">Ničetić, Antun (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38965977"><i>Povijest dubrovačke luke</i></a>. Dubrovnik: Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti u Zagrebu. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/953-154-038-1" title="Special:BookSources/953-154-038-1"><bdi>953-154-038-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38965977">38965977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Povijest+dubrova%C4%8Dke+luke&rft.place=Dubrovnik&rft.pub=Hrvatska+akademija+znanosti+i+umjetnosti+u+Zagrebu&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38965977&rft.isbn=953-154-038-1&rft.aulast=Ni%C4%8Deti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Antun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F38965977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Nicol" title="Donald Nicol">Nicol, D.M.</a> (1992). <i>Byzantium and Venice: A study in diplomatic and cultural relations</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-42894-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-42894-7"><bdi>0-521-42894-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+Venice%3A+A+study+in+diplomatic+and+cultural+relations&rft.pages=30-31&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-521-42894-7&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=D.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-short-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-short_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton,_Frederick_Bernard1985" class="citation book cs1">Singleton, Frederick Bernard (1985). <i>A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-27485-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-27485-0"><bdi>0-521-27485-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Yugoslav+Peoples&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-521-27485-0&rft.au=Singleton%2C+Frederick+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrescNef1999387-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrescNef1999387_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrescNef1999">Bresc & Nef 1999</a>, p. 387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oman-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oman_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOman,_G.1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Oman, G. (1986) [1971]. "Al-Idrīsī". <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. Vol. 3 (New ed.). <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 1032–1035. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-03275-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-03275-4"><bdi>90-04-03275-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Al-Idr%C4%ABs%C4%AB&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=1032-1035&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=90-04-03275-4&rft.au=Oman%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-croatianhistory-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-croatianhistory_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZubrinic1995" class="citation web cs1">Zubrinic, Darko (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.croatianhistory.net/etf/et01.html">"Croatia: Historical and cultural overview"</a>. <i>Croatianhistory.net</i>. Zagreb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Croatianhistory.net&rft.atitle=Croatia%3A+Historical+and+cultural+overview&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Zubrinic&rft.aufirst=Darko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.croatianhistory.net%2Fetf%2Fet01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESugar2012170–171-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESugar2012170–171_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSugar2012">Sugar 2012</a>, pp. 170–171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 2, AD 500–AD 1420. (2021). (n.p.): Cambridge University Press. p. 117-120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 2, AD 500–AD 1420. (2021). (n.p.): Cambridge University Press. p. 117-120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Chapin_Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic Chapin Lane">Frederic Chapin Lane</a> (1973). <i>Venice, a Maritime Republic</i>, Johns Hopkins University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-1460-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-1460-X">0-8018-1460-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti 1908, p. 252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Istorijski institut u Beogradu, SANU 1976, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blagojević2001-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blagojević2001_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiloš_Blagojević2001" class="citation book cs1">Miloš Blagojević (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=srAVAQAAIAAJ"><i>Državna uprava u srpskim srednjovekovnim zemljama</i></a>. Službeni list SRJ. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788635504971" title="Special:BookSources/9788635504971"><bdi>9788635504971</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dr%C5%BEavna+uprava+u+srpskim+srednjovekovnim+zemljama&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Slu%C5%BEbeni+list+SRJ&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788635504971&rft.au=Milo%C5%A1+Blagojevi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsrAVAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OLE_J_Benedictow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OLE J Benedictow (page does not exist)">OLE J Benedictow</a> (1973). <i>The Black Death, 1346–1353</i>, Boydell & Brewer, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-943-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-943-5">0-85115-943-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Meyer_Setton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Meyer Setton">Kenneth Meyer Setton</a> (1978). <i>The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571</i> Vol. 2, (Diane Publishing), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87169-127-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87169-127-2">0-87169-127-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200661-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200661_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaneković_Römer200399–100-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaneković_Römer200399–100_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaneković_Römer2003">Janeković Römer 2003</a>, pp. 99–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200669-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200669_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">„Crainich Miochouich et Stiepanus Glegieuich ad meliustenendem super se et omnia eorum bona se obligando promiserunt ser Thome de Bona presenti et acceptanti conducere et salauum dare in Souisochi in Bosna Dobrassino Veselcouich nomine dicti ser Thome modia salis mille quingenta super equis siue salmis sexcentis. Et dicto sale conducto et presentato suprascripto Dobrassino in Souisochi medietatem illius salis dare et mensuratum consignare dicto Dobrassino. Et aliam medietatem pro eorum mercede conducenda dictum salem pro ipsius conductoribus retinere et habere. Promittentes vicissim omnia et singularia suprascripta firma et rata habere et tenere ut supra sub obligatione omnium suorum bonorum. Renuntiando" (9. August 1428), State archive, Ragusa Republic, Series: Diversa Cancellariae, Number: XLV, Foil: 31 verso.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKunčević201392–93-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKunčević201392–93_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKunčević2013">Kunčević 2013</a>, pp. 92–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sergio Anselmi, <i>Venezia, Ancona, Ragusa tra cinque e seicento</i>, Ancona 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jelavich" title="Barbara Jelavich">Barbara Jelavich</a> (1983). <i>History of the Balkans</i>, Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-27458-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-27458-3">0-521-27458-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJireček1899" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jireček, Konstantin (1899). <i>Die Bedeutung von Ragusa in der Handelsgeschichte des Mittelalters</i> [<i>The Meaning of Ragusa in the Trade History of the Middle ages</i>] (in German). 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Belgrado: Српска академија наука. p. 357.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B8+%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%83+XIV+%D0%B8+XV+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83&rft.place=Belgrado&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Bo%C5%BEi%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1971" class="citation journal cs1">Carter, Francis (1971). 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or Contributions to the modern history of Hungary and Translvania, Dalmatia and Croatia, Serbia and Bulgaria</a></i>, p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.neum.ba/index.php/2011/06/28/od-pozarevackog-mira-1718-do-berlinskog-kongresa-1878/">https://www.neum.ba/index.php/2011/06/28/od-pozarevackog-mira-1718-do-berlinskog-kongresa-1878/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130110204/https://www.neum.ba/index.php/2011/06/28/od-pozarevackog-mira-1718-do-berlinskog-kongresa-1878/">Archived</a> 30 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> History of Neum between Treaty of Pozarevac and Berlin Congress (In <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009107-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009107_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009110–111-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009110–111_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, pp. 110–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009118,_121,_123,_165-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009118,_121,_123,_165_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, pp. 118, 121, 123, 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009187–189-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009187–189_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, pp. 187–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009193-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009193_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009404-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009404_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, p. 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009240–241,_247-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009240–241,_247_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, pp. 240–241, 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009147-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009147_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009150–154-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009150–154_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, pp. 150–154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009191-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009191_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009172–173-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009172–173_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, pp. 172–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009194-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009194_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cosic2000-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cosic2000_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cosic2000_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆosić2000" class="citation journal cs1">Ćosić, Stjepan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/12648">"Dubrovnik Under French Rule (1810–1814)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_Annals" title="Dubrovnik Annals">Dubrovnik Annals</a></i> (4): 103–142<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dubrovnik+Annals&rft.atitle=Dubrovnik+Under+French+Rule+%281810%E2%80%931814%29&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=103-142&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=%C4%86osi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Stjepan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F12648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009208–210-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009208–210_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, pp. 208–210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009270–272-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009270–272_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, pp. 270–272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009217–218-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVojnović2009217–218_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVojnović2009">Vojnović 2009</a>, pp. 217–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Doreian" title="Patrick Doreian">Patrick Doreian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Batagelj" title="Vladimir Batagelj">Vladimir Batagelj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anu%C5%A1ka_Ferligoj" title="Anuška Ferligoj">Anuška Ferligoj</a> (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/preprint/Joc00.pdf">"Symmetric-Acyclic Decompositions of Networks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Symmetric-Acyclic+Decompositions+of+Networks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvlado.fmf.uni-lj.si%2Fpub%2Fpreprint%2FJoc00.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(130 <a href="/wiki/Kibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibibyte">KiB</a>)</span>, to appear in <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Classification" title="Journal of Classification">Journal of Classification</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nenad Vekaric, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=61245">The Population of the Dubrovnik Republic in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries</a>," <i><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_Annals" title="Dubrovnik Annals">Dubrovnik Annals</a></i> 1998, Vol. 2, pp. 7–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006247_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007240-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007240_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLodgePugh2007">Lodge & Pugh 2007</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodgePugh2007235_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLodgePugh2007">Lodge & Pugh 2007</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2006415-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2006415_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2006">Harris 2006</a>, p. 415.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birnbaum1974-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birnbaum1974_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenrik_Birnbaum1974" class="citation book cs1">Henrik Birnbaum (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f6SdCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA343"><i>On Medieval and Renaissance Slavic Writing: Selected Essays</i></a>. 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"Storia della Dalmazia" V chapter</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cattalinich, Giovanni. <i>Histort of Dalmatia</i> (Books 1-2; editore Battara, 1834). Oxford University. Oxford, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayne1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Dalmatia"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Dalmatia">"Dalmatia" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 07 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 772–776, see page 774, beginning at line nine. <q>History – Dalmatia under Roman Rule, A.D. 9–1102 – The great Slavonic migration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dalmatia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=772-776%2C+see+page+774%2C+beginning+at+line+nine&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Jayne&rft.aufirst=Kingsley+Garland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Florin, Curta. <i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250</i>. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0">978-0-521-81539-0</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YIAYMNOOe0YC&dq=qytet+fort+city&pg=RA2-PA100">[1]</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, Thomas. <i>Dalmatia, the Quarnero and Istria with Cettigne in Montenegro and the Island of Grado</i>. Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1887</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hastings, Adrian, <i>The construction of nationhood: ethnicity, religion, and nationalism</i>; Cambridge University Press, 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-62544-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-62544-0">0-521-62544-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matjaž Klemenčič, Mitja Žagar; <i>The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook</i>; ABC-CLIO, 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-294-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-294-0">1-57607-294-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guerrino Perselli, I censimenti della popolazione dell'Istria, con Fiume e Trieste e di alcune città della Dalmazia tra il 1850 e il 1936, Centro di Ricerche Storiche - Rovigno, Unione Italiana - Fiume, Università Popolare di Trieste, Trieste-Rovigno, 1993</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrescNef1999" class="citation book cs1">Bresc, Henri; Nef, Annliese (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zixvQgAACAAJ"><i>La première géographie de l'Occident</i></a>. Flammarion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2080710697" title="Special:BookSources/978-2080710697"><bdi>978-2080710697</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+premi%C3%A8re+g%C3%A9ographie+de+l%27Occident&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-2080710697&rft.aulast=Bresc&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.au=Nef%2C+Annliese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzixvQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCvitanic2010" class="citation book cs1">Cvitanic, Marilyn (2010). <i>Culture and Customs of Croatia</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-031335117-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-031335117-4"><bdi>978-031335117-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+Croatia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-031335117-4&rft.aulast=Cvitanic&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2006" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Robin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9GxpAAAAMAAJ"><i>Dubrovnik, A History</i></a>. Saqi Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0863563325" title="Special:BookSources/0863563325"><bdi>0863563325</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dubrovnik%2C+A+History&rft.pub=Saqi+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0863563325&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9GxpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrekićKazhdan1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Krekić, Bariša; Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F9qwtAEACAAJ">"Dubrovnik"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195046526" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195046526"><bdi>978-0195046526</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dubrovnik&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0195046526&rft.aulast=Kreki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Bari%C5%A1a&rft.au=Kazhdan%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF9qwtAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaneković_Römer2003" class="citation book cs1">Janeković Römer, Zdenka (2003). <i>Višegradski ugovor – temelj Dubrovačke Republike</i> [<i>The Treaty of Viségrad: the Foundation of the Republic of Dubrovnik</i>]. Golden marketing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vi%C5%A1egradski+ugovor+%E2%80%93+temelj+Dubrova%C4%8Dke+Republike&rft.pub=Golden+marketing&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Janekovi%C4%87+R%C3%B6mer&rft.aufirst=Zdenka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKunčević2013" class="citation book cs1">Kunčević, Lovro (2013). "Janus-faced Sovereignty: The International Status of the Ragusan Republic in the Early Modern Period". In Kármán, Gábor; Kunčević, Lovro (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=80lLuG3KRGIC"><i>The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004254404" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004254404"><bdi>978-9004254404</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Janus-faced+Sovereignty%3A+The+International+Status+of+the+Ragusan+Republic+in+the+Early+Modern+Period&rft.btitle=The+European+Tributary+States+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+in+the+Sixteenth+and+Seventeenth+Centuries&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9004254404&rft.aulast=Kun%C4%8Devi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Lovro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D80lLuG3KRGIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLodgePugh2007" class="citation book cs1">Lodge, R. Anthony; Pugh, Stefan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WxULAQAAMAAJ"><i>Language contact and minority languages on the littorals of Europe</i></a>. Logos Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3832516444" title="Special:BookSources/978-3832516444"><bdi>978-3832516444</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+contact+and+minority+languages+on+the+littorals+of+Europe&rft.pub=Logos+Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3832516444&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=R.+Anthony&rft.au=Pugh%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWxULAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugar2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sugar" title="Peter Sugar">Sugar, Peter F.</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gYsVCgAAQBAJ"><i>Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804</i></a>. Seattle: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0295803630" title="Special:BookSources/978-0295803630"><bdi>978-0295803630</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+under+Ottoman+Rule%2C+1354%E2%80%931804&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0295803630&rft.aulast=Sugar&rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgYsVCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanner1997" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Marcus (1997). "Illyrianism and the Croatian Quest for Statehood". In Graubard, Stephen Richards (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=omTot25fpkcC"><i>A New Europe for the Old?</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412816175" title="Special:BookSources/978-1412816175"><bdi>978-1412816175</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Illyrianism+and+the+Croatian+Quest+for+Statehood&rft.btitle=A+New+Europe+for+the+Old%3F&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1412816175&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DomTot25fpkcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tomaz, Luigi, <i>Il confine d'Italia in Istria e Dalmazia. Duemila anni di storia</i>, Think ADV, Conselve 2007.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVojnović2009" class="citation book cs1">Vojnović, Lujo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YhlJAQAAMAAJ"><i>Pad Dubrovnika (1797–1806)</i></a>. Fortuna. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9539598196" title="Special:BookSources/978-9539598196"><bdi>978-9539598196</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pad+Dubrovnika+%281797%E2%80%931806%29&rft.pub=Fortuna&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9539598196&rft.aulast=Vojnovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Lujo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYhlJAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>D'Atri, Stefano. "Ragusa (Dubrovnik) In Eta Moderna: Alcune Considerazioni Storiografiche," [Ragusa (Dubrovnik) in the modern era: some historiographic considerations] <i>Societa e Storia</i> (giu 2005), Vol. 28 Issue 109, pp. 599–609, covers 1500 to 1600</li> <li>Delis, Apostolos. "Shipping Finance and Risks in Sea Trade during the French Wars: Maritime Loan Operations in the Republic of Ragusa" <i>International Journal of Maritime History</i> (June 2012) 24#1 pp. 229–242</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRešetar1929" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Milan_Re%C5%A1etar" title="Milan Rešetar">Rešetar, Milan</a> (1929). <i>Dubrovačko Veliko vijeće</i> (in Serbo-Croatian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dubrova%C4%8Dko+Veliko+vije%C4%87e&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Re%C5%A1etar&rft.aufirst=Milan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Vekaric, Nenad. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=61245">The Population of the Dubrovnik Republic in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries</a>," <i><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_Annals" title="Dubrovnik Annals">Dubrovnik Annals</a></i> 1998, Vol. 2, pp 7–28</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarriet_Bjelovučić1970" class="citation book cs1">Harriet Bjelovučić (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f-cUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA171"><i>The Ragusan Republic: Victim of Napoleon and Its Own Conservatism</i></a>. Brill Archive. pp. 171–. GGKEY:1ERFSC27Z6S.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ragusan+Republic%3A+Victim+of+Napoleon+and+Its+Own+Conservatism&rft.pages=171-&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Harriet+Bjelovu%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df-cUAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntun_Ničetić1996" class="citation book cs1">Antun Ničetić (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G7MzAAAAMAAJ"><i>Povijest Dubrovačke luke</i></a>. Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti u Zagrebu. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9531540384" title="Special:BookSources/978-9531540384"><bdi>978-9531540384</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Povijest+Dubrova%C4%8Dke+luke&rft.pub=Hrvatska+akademija+znanosti+i+umjetnosti+u+Zagrebu&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-9531540384&rft.au=Antun+Ni%C4%8Deti%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG7MzAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuetić1997" class="citation book cs1">Luetić, Josip (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yIvtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Brodari i pomorci Dubrovačke republike</i></a>. Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9536014682" title="Special:BookSources/978-9536014682"><bdi>978-9536014682</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brodari+i+pomorci+Dubrova%C4%8Dke+republike&rft.pub=Nakladni+zavod+Matice+hrvatske&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-9536014682&rft.aulast=Lueti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Josip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyIvtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuetić1959" class="citation book cs1">Luetić, Josip (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58bRAAAAMAAJ"><i>O Pomorstvu Dubrovacke Republike U XVII</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+Pomorstvu+Dubrovacke+Republike+U+XVII.&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Lueti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Josip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58bRAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuetić1962" class="citation book cs1">Luetić, Josip (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8u0quAAACAAJ"><i>Mornarica Dubrovačke Republike</i></a>. Dubrovački odbor za proslavu dvadesetogodišnjice mornarice.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mornarica+Dubrova%C4%8Dke+Republike&rft.pub=Dubrova%C4%8Dki+odbor+za+proslavu+dvadesetogodi%C5%A1njice+mornarice&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Lueti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Josip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8u0quAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuetić1964" class="citation book cs1">Luetić, Josip (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SMfRAAAAMAAJ"><i>Brodovlje Dubrovačke Republike XVII stoljeća</i></a>. Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti u Zagrebu, Pomorski muzej.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brodovlje+Dubrova%C4%8Dke+Republike+XVII+stolje%C4%87a&rft.pub=Jugoslavenska+akademija+znanosti+i+umjetnosti+u+Zagrebu%2C+Pomorski+muzej&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Lueti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Josip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSMfRAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuetić1967" class="citation book cs1">Luetić, Josip (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tn3RAAAAMAAJ"><i>O državnoj zastavi Dubrovačke Republike</i></a>. Društvo za proučavanje i unapređenje pomorstva Jugoslavije.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+dr%C5%BEavnoj+zastavi+Dubrova%C4%8Dke+Republike&rft.pub=Dru%C5%A1tvo+za+prou%C4%8Davanje+i+unapre%C4%91enje+pomorstva+Jugoslavije&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Lueti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Josip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtn3RAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragan_Roler1955" class="citation book cs1">Dragan Roler (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KQsZAAAAIAAJ"><i>Agrarno-proizvodni odnosi na području Dubrovačke Republike: od XIII. do XV. stoljeća</i></a>. Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agrarno-proizvodni+odnosi+na+podru%C4%8Dju+Dubrova%C4%8Dke+Republike%3A+od+XIII.+do+XV.+stolje%C4%87a&rft.pub=Jugoslavenska+akademija+znanosti+i+umjetnosti&rft.date=1955&rft.au=Dragan+Roler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKQsZAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostić1975" class="citation book cs1">Kostić, Lazo M. (1975). <i>Nasilno prisvajanje dubrovačke kulture: kulturno-istorijska i etnopolitička studija</i>. Melbourne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nasilno+prisvajanje+dubrova%C4%8Dke+kulture%3A+kulturno-istorijska+i+etnopoliti%C4%8Dka+studija&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Kosti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Lazo+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrbini1601" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Orbini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauro Orbini">Orbini, Mauro</a> (1601). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx3OntcdUkQC"><i>Il Regno de gli Slavi hoggi corrottamente detti Schiavoni</i></a>. Pesaro: Apresso Girolamo Concordia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+Regno+de+gli+Slavi+hoggi+corrottamente+detti+Schiavoni&rft.place=Pesaro&rft.pub=Apresso+Girolamo+Concordia&rft.date=1601&rft.aulast=Orbini&rft.aufirst=Mauro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFx3OntcdUkQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFОрбин1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Orbini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauro Orbini">Орбин, Мавро</a> (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MduZAAAAIAAJ"><i>Краљевство Словена</i></a>. Београд: Српска књижевна задруга.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMduZAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatko_Pasarić-Dubrovčanin1983" class="citation book cs1">Ratko Pasarić-Dubrovčanin (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBrkAAAAMAAJ"><i>Srpsko-pravoslavno žiteljstvo zapadnih krajeva Dubrovačke Republike do u 14. stoljeće: Ston, Stonski Rât, Primorje</i></a>. Srpska pravoslavna eparhija zagrebačka.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Srpsko-pravoslavno+%C5%BEiteljstvo+zapadnih+krajeva+Dubrova%C4%8Dke+Republike+do+u+14.+stolje%C4%87e%3A+Ston%2C+Stonski+R%C3%A2t%2C+Primorje&rft.pub=Srpska+pravoslavna+eparhija+zagreba%C4%8Dka&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Ratko+Pasari%C4%87-Dubrov%C4%8Danin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZBrkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosip_Lučić1980" class="citation book cs1">Josip Lučić (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yb3pnQEACAAJ"><i>Spisi dubrovačke kancelarije</i></a>. Academia scientiarum et artium slavorum meridionalium. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9531750271" title="Special:BookSources/978-9531750271"><bdi>978-9531750271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spisi+dubrova%C4%8Dke+kancelarije&rft.pub=Academia+scientiarum+et+artium+slavorum+meridionalium&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-9531750271&rft.au=Josip+Lu%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYb3pnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_Dayre1938" class="citation book cs1">Jean Dayre (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C98YAAAAMAAJ"><i>Dubrovačke studije</i></a>. Redovno Izdanje Matice Hrvatske.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dubrova%C4%8Dke+studije&rft.pub=Redovno+Izdanje+Matice+Hrvatske&rft.date=1938&rft.au=Jean+Dayre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC98YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLujo_Vojnović1962" class="citation book cs1">Lujo Vojnović (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J8IZAAAAIAAJ"><i>Kratka istorija Dubrovačke Republike</i></a>. Marica Schidlof-Vojnović.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kratka+istorija+Dubrova%C4%8Dke+Republike&rft.pub=Marica+Schidlof-Vojnovi%C4%87&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Lujo+Vojnovi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ8IZAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+of+Ragusa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Republic_of_Ragusa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dubrovnik-online.net/english/history.php">Historical facts about Dubrovnik</a>, from Dubrovnik Online</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbvex.it/ragusa.html">Flags of Ragusa</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roth37.it/COINS/Ragusa/index.html">Storia e monetazione di Ragusa, oggi Dubrovnik (Dalmazia)</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A9MBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA211"><i>Dalmatia and Montenegro</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Gardner_Wilkinson" title="John Gardner Wilkinson">John Gardner Wilkinson</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RtQJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Aus Dalmatien</i></a>, by Ida Reinsberg-Düringsfeld (1857), on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JIztEHioIYUC&pg=PA337"><i>Universal Geography: Republic of Ragusa</i></a>, on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6v8XAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA207"><i>Bibliografia della Dalmazia e del Montenegro</i></a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Valentinelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Valentinelli (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Valentinelli</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9w4YAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA216"><i>Bibliografia hrvatska</i></a>, Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski, on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Croatian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5NwBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Geschichte des Freystaates Ragusa</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_von_Engel" title="Johann Christian von Engel">Johann Christian von Engel</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Eq8kAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA242"><i>The Ethnology of Europe</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_Latham" title="Robert Gordon Latham">Robert Gordon Latham</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IBS_kaeJB08C&pg=PA31"><i>Austria in 1848–49: Dalmatia</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Stiles" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Stiles">William Henry Stiles</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070818025216/http://www.marylandciviceducation.org/croatia/ragusa.htm">Ragusa, the American Revolution, and Diplomatic Relations, 1763–1783</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070818025034/http://www.marylandciviceducation.org/croatia/francesicofavi.htm">Francesico Favi, the Treaty of Paris of 1783, and Ragusan Commercial Trade with the United States</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notizieistorico00appegoog/page/n552">Notizie Istorico-Critiche Sulle Antichita Storia de Letteratura dei Ragusei</a> by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maria_Appendini" title="Francesco Maria Appendini">Francesco Maria Appendini</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republic_of_Ragusa_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Republic_of_Ragusa_topics" title="Template:Republic of Ragusa topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Republic_of_Ragusa_topics" title="Template talk:Republic of Ragusa topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republic_of_Ragusa_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Republic of Ragusa topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republic_of_Ragusa_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of Ragusa</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Hum_(1326%E2%80%9329)" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Hum (1326–29)">War of Hum (1326–29)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian%E2%80%93Ragusan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian–Ragusan War">Bosnian–Ragusan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diu_(1509)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Diu (1509)">Battle of Diu (1509)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1667_Dubrovnik_earthquake" title="1667 Dubrovnik earthquake">1667 Dubrovnik earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ragusans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ragusans">List of Ragusans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Council_(Ragusa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Council (Ragusa) (page does not exist)">Grand Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_Council_(Ragusa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Small Council (Ragusa) (page does not exist)">Small Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rector_(Ragusa)" title="Rector (Ragusa)">Rector</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Ragusa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate (Ragusa) (page does not exist)">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Court_(Ragusa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Court (Ragusa) (page does not exist)">Civil Court</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criminal_Court_(Ragusa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criminal Court (Ragusa) (page does not exist)">Criminal Court</a></li> <li>Chancelleries <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_Chancellery_in_Dubrovnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin Chancellery in Dubrovnik (page does not exist)">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Chancellery_in_Dubrovnik" title="Serbian Chancellery in Dubrovnik">Serbian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_the_Republic_of_Ragusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of the Republic of Ragusa (page does not exist)">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Ston" title="Walls of Ston">Walls of Ston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Currency <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artiluc" title="Artiluc">artiluc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragusan_perpera" title="Ragusan perpera">perpera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragusan_libertine" title="Ragusan libertine">libertine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribute_of_Ston" title="Tribute of Ston">Tribute of Ston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sponza_Palace" title="Sponza Palace">Sponza Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzarettos_of_Dubrovnik" title="Lazzarettos of Dubrovnik">Lazzarettos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Trade routes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_Drine" title="Via Drine">Via Drine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Narenta" title="Via Narenta">Via Narenta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nobility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassegli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassegli">Bassegli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batalo" title="Batalo">Batalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benessa" title="Benessa">Benessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binciola" title="Binciola">Binciola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobali" title="Bobali">Bobali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocignolo" title="Bocignolo">Bocignolo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodazza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodazza (page does not exist)">Bodazza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bona" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Bona">Bona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonda_(family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonda (family)">Bonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosdari" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosdari">Bosdari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucchia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucchia">Bucchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzignola" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzignola">Buzignola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caboga" class="mw-redirect" title="Caboga">Caboga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calich" title="Calich">Calich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerva_family" title="Cerva family">Cerva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clasci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clasci (page does not exist)">Clasci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croce_family" title="Croce family">Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crasso_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crasso family (page does not exist)">Crasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Darsa">Darsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetaldi" title="Ghetaldi">Ghetaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_family" title="Giorgi family">Giorgi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuriceo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuriceo (page does not exist)">Giuriceo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gleda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gleda (page does not exist)">Gleda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradi%C4%87_family" title="Gradić family">Gradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozze" class="mw-redirect" title="Gozze">Gozze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gondola" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Gondola">Gondola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luccari" class="mw-redirect" title="Luccari">Luccari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinussio" title="Martinussio">Martinussio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menze" class="mw-redirect" title="Menze">Menze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlaschagna" title="Mlaschagna">Mlaschagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natali_family" title="Natali family">Natali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmotta" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmotta">Palmotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proculo" title="Proculo">Proculo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodanelli" title="Prodanelli">Prodanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puci%C4%87_family" title="Pucić family">Pozza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radagli" title="Radagli">Radagli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragnina">Ragnina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resti_family" title="Resti family">Resti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraca_(family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraca (family)">Saraca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slatarich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slatarich (page does not exist)">Slatarich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorgo_family" title="Sorgo family">Sorgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudisi" title="Tudisi">Tudisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcasso" title="Volcasso">Volcasso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volzio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volzio (page does not exist)">Volzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamagna" title="Zamagna">Zamagna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Category:Republic of Ragusa">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Croatia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Croatia_topics" title="Template talk:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Croatia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_before_the_Croats" title="History of Croatia before the Croats">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats" title="Origin hypotheses of the Croats">Origins of Croats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">White Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Croatia" title="White Croatia">White Croatia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Medieval duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_city-states" title="Dalmatian city-states">Dalmatian city-states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" title="Slavs in Lower Pannonia">Lower Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Croatia" title="Red Croatia">Red Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanalites" title="Kanalites">Kanalites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Medieval kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Ban of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Slavonia" title="Ban of Slavonia">Ban of Slavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Personal union with Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Dalmatia" title="Venetian Dalmatia">Venetian Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of Ragusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Habsburg kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Austrio-Hungarian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">'Independent State'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_(1995%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Croatia (1995–present)">Croatia since 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Croatia–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia#Climate" title="Geography of Croatia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Croatia" title="List of extreme points of Croatia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Croatia" title="List of lakes of Croatia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Croatia" title="List of mammals of Croatia">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Croatia" title="List of mountains in Croatia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Croatia" title="List of protected areas of Croatia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Croatia" title="List of rivers of Croatia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Croatia" title="Topography of Croatia">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Croatia" title="Administrative divisions of Croatia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Croatia" title="Human rights in Croatia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Croatia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Croatia" title="Law enforcement in Croatia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" title="Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Croatian_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Croatian Parliament">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Croatia" title="List of political parties in Croatia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_security_and_intelligence_system" title="Croatian security and intelligence system">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Croatia" title="Economy of Croatia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_brands" title="Croatian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_counties_by_GDP" title="List of Croatian counties by GDP">Gross domestic product (GDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Croatia" title="Industry of Croatia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatian_currency" title="History of Croatian currency">History of currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Bank" title="Croatian National Bank">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_and_the_euro" title="Croatia and the euro">The euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Croatia" title="Privatization in Croatia">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_Stock_Exchange" title="Zagreb Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Croatia" title="Telecommunications in Croatia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Croatia" title="Tourism in Croatia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Croatia" title="Transport in Croatia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Croatia" title="Category:Society of Croatia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Croatia" title="Education in Croatia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Croatia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Croatia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Croats" title="Genetic studies on Croats">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Croatia" title="Healthcare in Croatia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages" title="Demographics of Croatia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Croatia" title="Women in Croatia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Croatia" title="Culture of Croatia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Croatia" title="Architecture of Croatia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_art" title="Croatian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Croatia" title="Public holidays in Croatia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Croatia" title="List of radio stations in Croatia">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Croatia" title="Sport in Croatia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Croatia" title="Television in Croatia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Croatia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Croatia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Croatia" title="National symbols of Croatia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijepa_na%C5%A1a_domovino" title="Lijepa naša domovino">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_checkerboard" title="Croatian checkerboard">Checkerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_national_costume" title="Croatian national costume">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Zvonimir" title="Crown of Zvonimir">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Croatia" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Croatia">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_flags" title="List of Croatian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_interlace" title="Croatian interlace">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_mottos" title="List of Croatian mottos">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Croats_and_Croatia" title="Names of the Croats and Croatia">Names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Croatia" title="Outline of Croatia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Croatia" title="Category:Croatia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire">Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="c._1365_–_1867_(eyalets)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1365</span> – 1867 (<a href="/wiki/Eyalet" title="Eyalet">eyalets</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Algeria">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Egypt" title="Ottoman Egypt">Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty">Muhammad Ali dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habesh_Eyalet" title="Habesh Eyalet">Habesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tunisia" title="Ottoman Tunisia">Tunis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anatolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adana_Eyalet" title="Adana Eyalet">Adana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidin_Eyalet" title="Aidin Eyalet">Aidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia_Eyalet" title="Anatolia Eyalet">Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara_Eyalet" title="Ankara Eyalet">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childir_Eyalet" title="Childir Eyalet">Childir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbekir_Eyalet" title="Diyarbekir Eyalet">Diyarbekir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulkadir_Eyalet" title="Dulkadir Eyalet">Dulkadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_Eyalet" title="Erzurum Eyalet">Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdavendig%C3%A2r_Eyalet" title="Hüdavendigâr Eyalet">Hüdavendigâr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaman_Eyalet" title="Karaman Eyalet">Karaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars_Eyalet" title="Kars Eyalet">Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_Eyalet" title="Kastamonu Eyalet">Kastamonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Eyalet" title="Kurdistan Eyalet">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBm_Eyalet" title="Rûm Eyalet">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Eyalet" title="Trebizond Eyalet">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Van" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Van">Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Adrianople" title="Eyalet of Adrianople">Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_the_Archipelago" title="Eyalet of the Archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Eyalet" title="Bosnia Eyalet">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budin_Eyalet" title="Budin Eyalet">Budin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C4%9Fri_Eyalet" title="Eğri Eyalet">Egir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_Eyalet" title="Herzegovina Eyalet">Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanije_Eyalet" title="Kanije Eyalet">Kanije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefe_Eyalet" title="Kefe Eyalet">Kefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_Eyalet" title="Morea Eyalet">Morea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Eyalet" title="Niš Eyalet">Niš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podolia_Eyalet" title="Podolia Eyalet">Podolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonica_Eyalet" title="Salonica Eyalet">Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistra_Eyalet" title="Silistra Eyalet">Silistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teme%C5%9Fvar_Eyalet" title="Temeşvar Eyalet">Temeşvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyvar_Eyalet" title="Uyvar Eyalet">Uyvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varat_Eyalet" title="Varat Eyalet">Varat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widdin_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Widdin Eyalet">Widdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Eyalet" title="Ioannina Eyalet">Yanina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Levant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Eyalet" title="Aleppo Eyalet">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Eyalet" title="Damascus Eyalet">Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Sanjak" title="Jerusalem Sanjak">Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon_Eyalet" title="Sidon Eyalet">Sidon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Emirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Lebanon Emirate">Mount Lebanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Eyalet" title="Tripoli Eyalet">Tripoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Eyalet" title="Yemen Eyalet">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahsa_Eyalet" title="Lahsa Eyalet">Lahsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesopotamia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Eyalet" title="Baghdad Eyalet">Baghdad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Iraq)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)">Mamluk of Iraq</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_Eyalet" title="Mosul Eyalet">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_Eyalet" title="Basra Eyalet">Basra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakka_Eyalet" title="Rakka Eyalet">Rakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrizor_Eyalet" title="Shahrizor Eyalet">Shahrizor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1867–1922_(vilayets_and_mutasarrıfates)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1867–1922 (<a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">vilayets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutasarr%C4%B1f" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutasarrıf">mutasarrıfates</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anatolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adana_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Adana Vilayet">Adana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidin_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Aidin Vilayet">Aidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angora_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Angora Vilayet">Angora</a> (Ankara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_the_Archipelago" title="Vilayet of the Archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitlis_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitlis Vilayet">Bitlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinople Vilayet">Constantinople</a> (Istanbul)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbekir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Diyarbekir Vilayet">Diyarbekir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Erzurum Vilayet">Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdavendig%C3%A2r_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hüdavendigâr Vilayet">Hüdavendigâr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastamonu Vilayet">Kastamonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konya_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Konya Vilayet">Konya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuret-ul-Aziz_vilayet" title="Mamuret-ul-Aziz vilayet">Mamuret-ul-Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivas_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivas Vilayet">Sivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Trebizond Vilayet">Trebizond</a> (Trabzon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Vilayet">Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrianople_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianople Vilayet">Adrianople</a> (Edirne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia Vilayet">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinople Vilayet">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube Vilayet">Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonica_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonica Vilayet">Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Levant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleppo Vilayet">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beirut Vilayet">Beirut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate" title="Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate">Mount Lebanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria Vilayet">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Vilayet">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemen Vilayet">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesopotamia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Vilayet">Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosul Vilayet">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Basra Vilayet">Basra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vassals_and_autonomies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vassal_and_tributary_states_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire">Vassals</a> and autonomies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vassals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Ukraine" title="Ottoman Ukraine">Ottoman Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Principality of Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharifate_of_Mecca" title="Sharifate of Mecca">Sharifate of Mecca</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of Ragusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> (1672–1676)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Syrmia_of_Radoslav_%C4%8Celnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Syrmia of Radoslav Čelnik">Duchy of Syrmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Principality of Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Principality of Wallachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities">Principality of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Principality of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Kingdom of Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septinsular_Republic" title="Septinsular Republic">Septinsular Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Khedivate of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_emirates" title="Kurdish emirates">Kurdish emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Iraq)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)">Mamluk of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rumelia" title="Eastern Rumelia">Eastern Rumelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Principality of Samos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maritime_republics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maritime_republics" title="Template:Maritime republics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maritime_republics" title="Template talk:Maritime republics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maritime_republics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maritime republics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maritime_republics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Amalfi.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Amalfi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Amalfi.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Amalfi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Amalfi.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Amalfi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Duchy of Amalfi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Pisa.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Pisa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Pisa.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Pisa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Pisa.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Pisa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Republic of Pisa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg/44px-Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg/66px-Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg/88px-Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Gaeta_%2810th_century%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gaeta_%2810th_century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Gaeta_%2810th_century%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gaeta_%2810th_century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Gaeta_%2810th_century%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Gaeta_%2810th_century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gaeta" title="Duchy of Gaeta">Duchy of Gaeta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Ancona_%28c._1174%E2%80%931532%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Ancona_%28c._1174%E2%80%931532%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Ancona_%28c._1174%E2%80%931532%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Ancona_%28c._1174%E2%80%931532%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Ancona_%28c._1174%E2%80%931532%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Ancona_%28c._1174%E2%80%931532%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ancona" title="Republic of Ancona">Republic of Ancona</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Noli.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Noli.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Noli.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Noli.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Noli.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Noli.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="582" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Noli" title="Republic of Noli">Republic of Noli</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/St._Blaise_-_National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg/23px-St._Blaise_-_National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/St._Blaise_-_National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg/35px-St._Blaise_-_National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/St._Blaise_-_National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg/45px-St._Blaise_-_National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of Ragusa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regatta_of_the_Historical_Marine_Republics" title="Regatta of the Historical Marine Republics">Regatta of the Historical Marine Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Navy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coat of Arms of the Navy (page does not exist)">Coat of Arms of the Navy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemma_della_Marina_Militare" class="extiw" title="it:Stemma della Marina Militare">it</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208169#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208169#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208169#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316732547">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000592177&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&oldid=1260576781">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Ragusa&oldid=1260576781</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republic_of_Ragusa" 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