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data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-13212820-a9e9-4596-873e-dc4c9885e6ec"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-13212820-a9e9-4596-873e-dc4c9885e6ec"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42263349" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Studies"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Cross-Cultural Studies"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-94a5d16c-15ab-46a6-923e-84cfd16ba67c"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-94a5d16c-15ab-46a6-923e-84cfd16ba67c"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Dr. Robert Greene Sands</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78227857"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78227857/Promoting_Cross_Cultural_Competence_in_Intelligence_Professionals_A_new_perspective_on_alternative_analysis_and_the_intelligence_process"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Promoting Cross-Cultural Competence in Intelligence Professionals A new perspective on alternative analysis and the intelligence process" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Promoting Cross-Cultural Competence in Intelligence Professionals A new perspective on alternative analysis and the intelligence process</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent publications have highlighted alternative analytical thinking strategies to inform and fac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent publications have highlighted alternative analytical thinking strategies to inform and facilitate improved intelligence analysis. Red teaming, fast and slow thinking, divergent thinking, as well as other strategies have been identified as essential to understanding today&#39;s radically different, nontraditional landscape that analysts and collectors are expected to operate in: to understand, to provide meaning and context, and at times forecast likely outcome scenarios. However, parsing out skill-based competencies that are essential to alternative thinking strategies and methods have not been undertaken. Mitigating cognitive, cultural and a host of tradecraft biases is essential for intelligence professionals to navigate through today&#39;s culturally complex environments. Adopting the perspective of contemporary cultural groups, including nation-states, often defies understanding because the intelligence professional is challenged to both appreciate and consequently discer...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78227857"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78227857"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78227857; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78227857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78227857]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78227857; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78227857']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78227857]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78227857,"title":"Promoting Cross-Cultural Competence in Intelligence Professionals A new perspective on alternative analysis and the intelligence process","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Recent publications have highlighted alternative analytical thinking strategies to inform and facilitate improved intelligence analysis. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="20974456"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/20974456/Integrating_Culture_General_and_Cross_cultural_Competence_and_Communication_Skills_Possibilities_for_the_Future_of_Military_Language_and_Culture_Programs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Integrating Culture General and Cross-cultural Competence & Communication Skills: Possibilities for the Future of Military Language and Culture Programs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41649138/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/20974456/Integrating_Culture_General_and_Cross_cultural_Competence_and_Communication_Skills_Possibilities_for_the_Future_of_Military_Language_and_Culture_Programs">Integrating Culture General and Cross-cultural Competence & Communication Skills: Possibilities for the Future of Military Language and Culture Programs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://norwich.academia.edu/DrRobertGreeneSands">Dr. Robert Greene Sands</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://dliflc.academia.edu/PDeVisser">Pieter DeVisser</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article presents arguments in support of the inclusion of culture-general and cross-cultural...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article presents arguments in support of the inclusion of culture-general and cross-cultural competence learning points, as well as cross-cultural communication competence skill development, in language and culture education and training throughout the Department of Defense. It describes a curriculum and assessment model already developed and piloted at the Joint Base Lewis-McChord Language & Culture Center and explores the applicability of Moran's Cultural Knowings framework as a potential starting point for programmatic curriculum development. Sample lesson plans using Mo-ran's framework are provided for demonstration purposes. Finally, this article calls for greater col-laborative effort and discourse both within and without the Department of Defense for exploring such models and sharing best practices.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f855e76e91c7eecb17bbdb3f17b9034d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41649138,"asset_id":20974456,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41649138/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="20974456"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20974456"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20974456; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20974456]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20974456]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20974456; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='20974456']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f855e76e91c7eecb17bbdb3f17b9034d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=20974456]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":20974456,"title":"Integrating Culture General and Cross-cultural Competence \u0026 Communication Skills: Possibilities for the Future of Military Language and Culture Programs","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This article presents arguments in support of the inclusion of culture-general and cross-cultural competence learning points, as well as cross-cultural communication competence skill development, in language and culture education and training throughout the Department of Defense. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="20964230"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/20964230/Narrowing_the_LREC_Assessment_Focus_by_Opening_the_Aperture_A_Critical_Look_at_the_Status_of_LREC_Assessment_Design_and_Development_in_the_Department_of_Defense"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Narrowing the LREC Assessment Focus by Opening the Aperture: A Critical Look at the Status of LREC Assessment Design & Development in the Department of Defense" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41648768/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/20964230/Narrowing_the_LREC_Assessment_Focus_by_Opening_the_Aperture_A_Critical_Look_at_the_Status_of_LREC_Assessment_Design_and_Development_in_the_Department_of_Defense">Narrowing the LREC Assessment Focus by Opening the Aperture: A Critical Look at the Status of LREC Assessment Design & Development in the Department of Defense</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://norwich.academia.edu/DrRobertGreeneSands">Dr. Robert Greene Sands</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://dliflc.academia.edu/PDeVisser">Pieter DeVisser</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this initial special topics issue, Robert Greene Sands and Pieter DeVisser suggest, in their d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this initial special topics issue, Robert Greene Sands and Pieter DeVisser suggest, in their detailed look at the DoD’s language, regional expertise and culture (LREC) program, that there lacks any kind of sufficient assessment mechanism to provide organizations critical understanding of their LREC capability, while failing to also provide the individual learner with a measure of performance useful to professional career development.  Sands and DeVisser provide a critique of current DoD LREC policy and strategy and the lack of necessary guidance on assessment beyond language programs.  Drawing on their experience at Joint Base Lewis/McChord in developing an LREC course, they propose an assessment model based on learning performance that is a more accurate reflection of LREC capability.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="06958502088659f3b85fa8fe84e4b1d4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41648768,"asset_id":20964230,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41648768/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="20964230"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20964230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20964230; 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Sands and DeVisser provide a critique of current DoD LREC policy and strategy and the lack of necessary guidance on assessment beyond language programs. Drawing on their experience at Joint Base Lewis/McChord in developing an LREC course, they propose an assessment model based on learning performance that is a more accurate reflection of LREC capability.","ai_title_tag":"Rethinking DoD LREC Assessment Strategies"},"translated_abstract":"In this initial special topics issue, Robert Greene Sands and Pieter DeVisser suggest, in their detailed look at the DoD’s language, regional expertise and culture (LREC) program, that there lacks any kind of sufficient assessment mechanism to provide organizations critical understanding of their LREC capability, while failing to also provide the individual learner with a measure of performance useful to professional career development. 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Red teaming, fast and slow thinking, divergent thinking, as well as other strategies have been identified as essential to understanding today&#39;s radically different, nontraditional landscape that analysts and collectors are expected to operate in: to understand, to provide meaning and context, and at times forecast likely outcome scenarios. However, parsing out skill-based competencies that are essential to alternative thinking strategies and methods have not been undertaken. Mitigating cognitive, cultural and a host of tradecraft biases is essential for intelligence professionals to navigate through today&#39;s culturally complex environments. Adopting the perspective of contemporary cultural groups, including nation-states, often defies understanding because the intelligence professional is challenged to both appreciate and consequently discer...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78227857"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78227857"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78227857; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78227857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78227857]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78227857; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78227857']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78227857]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78227857,"title":"Promoting Cross-Cultural Competence in Intelligence Professionals A new perspective on alternative analysis and the intelligence process","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Recent publications have highlighted alternative analytical thinking strategies to inform and facilitate improved intelligence analysis. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21192106"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/21192106/Guest_Editors_Introduction_The_Science_of_God_Natural_Origins_of_Religion_in_an_Evolutionary_Perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Guest Editor's Introduction: The Science of God: Natural Origins of Religion in an Evolutionary Perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Guest Editor's Introduction: The Science of God: Natural Origins of Religion in an Evolutionary Perspective</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21192106"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21192106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21192106; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="20974456"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/20974456/Integrating_Culture_General_and_Cross_cultural_Competence_and_Communication_Skills_Possibilities_for_the_Future_of_Military_Language_and_Culture_Programs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Integrating Culture General and Cross-cultural Competence & Communication Skills: Possibilities for the Future of Military Language and Culture Programs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41649138/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/20974456/Integrating_Culture_General_and_Cross_cultural_Competence_and_Communication_Skills_Possibilities_for_the_Future_of_Military_Language_and_Culture_Programs">Integrating Culture General and Cross-cultural Competence & Communication Skills: Possibilities for the Future of Military Language and Culture Programs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://norwich.academia.edu/DrRobertGreeneSands">Dr. Robert Greene Sands</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://dliflc.academia.edu/PDeVisser">Pieter DeVisser</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article presents arguments in support of the inclusion of culture-general and cross-cultural...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article presents arguments in support of the inclusion of culture-general and cross-cultural competence learning points, as well as cross-cultural communication competence skill development, in language and culture education and training throughout the Department of Defense. It describes a curriculum and assessment model already developed and piloted at the Joint Base Lewis-McChord Language & Culture Center and explores the applicability of Moran's Cultural Knowings framework as a potential starting point for programmatic curriculum development. Sample lesson plans using Mo-ran's framework are provided for demonstration purposes. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="20964230"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/20964230/Narrowing_the_LREC_Assessment_Focus_by_Opening_the_Aperture_A_Critical_Look_at_the_Status_of_LREC_Assessment_Design_and_Development_in_the_Department_of_Defense"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Narrowing the LREC Assessment Focus by Opening the Aperture: A Critical Look at the Status of LREC Assessment Design & Development in the Department of Defense" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41648768/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/20964230/Narrowing_the_LREC_Assessment_Focus_by_Opening_the_Aperture_A_Critical_Look_at_the_Status_of_LREC_Assessment_Design_and_Development_in_the_Department_of_Defense">Narrowing the LREC Assessment Focus by Opening the Aperture: A Critical Look at the Status of LREC Assessment Design & Development in the Department of Defense</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://norwich.academia.edu/DrRobertGreeneSands">Dr. Robert Greene Sands</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://dliflc.academia.edu/PDeVisser">Pieter DeVisser</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this initial special topics issue, Robert Greene Sands and Pieter DeVisser suggest, in their d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this initial special topics issue, Robert Greene Sands and Pieter DeVisser suggest, in their detailed look at the DoD’s language, regional expertise and culture (LREC) program, that there lacks any kind of sufficient assessment mechanism to provide organizations critical understanding of their LREC capability, while failing to also provide the individual learner with a measure of performance useful to professional career development.  Sands and DeVisser provide a critique of current DoD LREC policy and strategy and the lack of necessary guidance on assessment beyond language programs.  Drawing on their experience at Joint Base Lewis/McChord in developing an LREC course, they propose an assessment model based on learning performance that is a more accurate reflection of LREC capability.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="06958502088659f3b85fa8fe84e4b1d4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41648768,"asset_id":20964230,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41648768/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="20964230"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20964230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20964230; 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