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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wanderings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Wanderings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wanderings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nainital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nainital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Nainital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nainital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haridwar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haridwar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Haridwar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haridwar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channa_village" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channa_village"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Channa village</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channa_village-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teachings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teachings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Teachings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teachings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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class="fn">Niralamba Swami</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Niralamba_Swami.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Niralamba_Swami.jpg/220px-Niralamba_Swami.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Niralamba_Swami.jpg/330px-Niralamba_Swami.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Niralamba_Swami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="510" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Niralamba Swami</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jatindra Nath Banerjee (Jatindis Fillis Sevvalie)</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1877-11-19</span>)</span>19 November 1877<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Channa_village" title="Channa village">Channa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, British India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 September 1930<span style="display:none">(1930-09-05)</span> (aged 52)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Channa_village" title="Channa village">Channa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, British India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Organization</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Religious career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Guru</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soham_Swami" title="Soham Swami">Soham Swami</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Disciples</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Prajnanapada" title="Prajnanapada">Prajnanapada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Heterodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%B1ana" title="Ajñana">Ajñana</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Sub-schools</b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartist</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavite</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhedabheda" title="Bhedabheda">Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivite</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Panchartika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalamukha" title="Kalamukha">Pramanavada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Shakti Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Shiva Bhedabeda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Advaita" title="Shiva Advaita">Shiva Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Integral_yoga" title="Integral yoga">Integral yoga</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Teachers</b> (<a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">Acharyas</a>)</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Akṣapāda Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a> (Mayavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81chaspati_Misra" title="Vāchaspati Misra">Vāchaspati Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a> (Tattvavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shakta</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda Paramahansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamakhepa" title="Bamakhepa">Bamakhepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalakanta_Bhattacharya_(Bengal)" title="Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (Bengal)">Kamalakanta Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;font-weight:normal;"> Others</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%87%C4%81da" title="Kaṇāda">Kaṇāda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">Secular</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valluvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Valluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Major texts</a></b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Other scriptures</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agama (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachanamrut" title="Vachanamrut">Vachanamrut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><i><b><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></b></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samkhyakarika" title="Samkhyakarika">Samkhya Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular ethics</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Other Indian philosophies</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_philosophy" title="Template talk:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="background:white"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anushilan_samiti_symbol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Anushilan_samiti_symbol.jpg/80px-Anushilan_samiti_symbol.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Anushilan_samiti_symbol.jpg/120px-Anushilan_samiti_symbol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Anushilan_samiti_symbol.jpg/160px-Anushilan_samiti_symbol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b>Influence</b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-top:1px red solid; padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">List</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian Nationalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Militant nationalism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay">Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shakta philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">1905 Partition of Bengal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bande_Mataram_(publication)" title="Bande Mataram (publication)">Bande Mataram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jugantar_Patrika" title="Jugantar Patrika">Jugantar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokshadacharan_Samadhyayi" title="Mokshadacharan Samadhyayi">M. C. Samadhyayi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b>Anushilan Samiti</b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-top:1px red solid; padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">List</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Anushilan_Samiti" title="History of the Anushilan Samiti">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Anushilan_Samiti" title="Dhaka Anushilan Samiti">Dhaka Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subodh_Chandra_Mallik" title="Subodh Chandra Mallik">Raja Subodh Mallik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramathanath_Mitra" title="Pramathanath Mitra">Pramathanath Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarala_Devi_Chaudhurani" title="Sarala Devi Chaudhurani">Sarala Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">C.R. Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranath_Tagore" title="Surendranath Tagore">Surendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanailal_Dutta" title="Kanailal Dutta">Kanailal Dutta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jatindra Nath Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barindra_Kumar_Ghosh" title="Barindra Kumar Ghosh">Barin Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulin_Behari_Das" title="Pulin Behari Das">Pulin Behari Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendranath_Datta" title="Bhupendranath Datta">Bhupendranath Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atulkrishna_Ghosh" title="Atulkrishna Ghosh">Atulkrishna Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadugopal_Mukherjee" title="Jadugopal Mukherjee">Jadugopal Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemchandra_Kanungo" title="Hemchandra Kanungo">Hemchandra Kanungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullaskar_Dutta" title="Ullaskar Dutta">Ullaskar Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinash_Bhattacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhinash Bhattacharya">Abhinash Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guran_Ditt_Kumar" title="Guran Ditt Kumar">Guran Ditt Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manabendra_Nath_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Manabendra Nath Roy">Naren Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Behari_Ganguli" title="Bipin Behari Ganguli">Bipin Behari Ganguli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyal" title="Sachindra Nath Sanyal">Sachindra Nath Sanyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogesh_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee">Jogesh Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratul_Chandra_Ganguli" title="Pratul Chandra Ganguli">Pratul Chandra Ganguli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Mohan_Sen" title="Narendra Mohan Sen">Narendra Mohan Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Sengupta" title="Niranjan Sengupta">Niranjan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatin Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anushilan_Samiti" title="Category:Anushilan Samiti"><i>More</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b>Notable events</b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-top:1px red solid; padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">List</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_v._Aurobindo_Ghosh_and_others" title="Emperor v. Aurobindo Ghosh and others">Alipore Bomb Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howrah-Sibpur_Conspiracy_case" title="Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case">Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi–Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisal_Conspiracy_Case" title="Barisal Conspiracy Case">Barisal Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodda_company_arms_heist" title="Rodda company arms heist">Rodda robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Indo-German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Larsen_affair" title="Annie Larsen affair">Annie Larsen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anushilan_Samiti" title="Category:Anushilan Samiti"><i>More</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b>Related topics</b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-top:1px red solid; padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">List</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fraser_(civil_servant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Fraser (civil servant)">Sir Andrew Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Criminal_Intelligence" title="Department of Criminal Intelligence">Department of Criminal Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stuart" title="Harold Stuart">Sir Harold Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stevenson-Moore" title="Charles Stevenson-Moore">Sir Charles Stevenson-Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nathan_(intelligence_officer)" title="Robert Nathan (intelligence officer)">Sir Robert Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wallinger" title="John Wallinger">John Wallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Indian_Society" title="Paris Indian Society">Paris Indian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat_Society" title="Abhinav Bharat Society">Abhinav Bharat Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">V.D. Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Madam Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadar Party">Ghadar Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Anarchism in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Bangladesh" title="Socialism in Bangladesh">Socialism in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence"><i>More</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anushilan_Samiti" title="Template:Anushilan Samiti"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anushilan_Samiti" title="Template talk:Anushilan Samiti"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anushilan_Samiti" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anushilan Samiti"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jatindra Nath Banerjee</b> (<b>Niralamba Swami</b>) (19 November 1877 – 5 September 1930) was one of two great Indian nationalists and freedom fighters – along with Aurobindo Ghosh (<a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a>) – who dramatically rose to prominence between 1871 and 1910. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niralamba Swami was born as <b>Jatindra Nath Banerjee</b> on 19 November 1877 at <a href="/wiki/Channa_village" title="Channa village">Channa village</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burdwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Burdwan">Burdwan</a> district.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google.co.in_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.co.in-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, <a href="/wiki/Kali_Charan_Banerjee" title="Kali Charan Banerjee">Kalicharan Banerjee</a>, worked as a government official at Bangaon of Jessore district (now <a href="/wiki/North_Twenty_Four_Parganas" class="mw-redirect" title="North Twenty Four Parganas">North Twenty Four Parganas</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>.His early education was completed at the village school. Then he passed FA (First Arts) from <a href="/wiki/Burdwan_Raj_College" title="Burdwan Raj College">Burdwan Raj College</a>, which was then affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a><sup id="cite_ref-Durga_Das_Pvt_1980,_p.25_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durga_Das_Pvt_1980,_p.25-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with high marks. He was admitted to B.A. class in the college. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_struggle">Freedom struggle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Freedom struggle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While at college, Jatindra Nath (Jatindra Nath Banerjee) began developing interest in political activities of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. He was drawn towards radical and revolutionary methods of attaining independence. </p><p>He felt that revolutionary methods were necessary to attain independence and he became the first to preach the adoption of revolutionary methods for attaining independence.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jadavpur_University_2001_pp.117_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jadavpur_University_2001_pp.117-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For using revolutionary methods, a large army was needed and so martial training of countrymen was essential. So Jatindra Nath left his studies halfway in search of martial training. He tried to get himself enlisted in the British army but did not succeed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baroda">Baroda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Baroda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having failed to enlist himself in the British army, Jatindra Nath began wandering in search of a job. He reached <a href="/wiki/Baroda" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroda">Baroda</a>. At Baroda he met Aurobindo Ghose <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a>. Aurobindo was highly impressed by his robust health and helped him in finding a job in the Baroda army. In the year 1897, Jatindra Nath joined the Baroda army as a bodyguard of the king of Baroda.<sup id="cite_ref-google.co.in_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.co.in-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Durga_Das_Pvt_1980,_p.25_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durga_Das_Pvt_1980,_p.25-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also became an associate of Aurobindo. </p><p>Aurobindo began devoting energy towards national activities. When <a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a> was formed at Kolkata, Aurobindo sent a request to Jatindra Nath to join the organisation. So Jatindra Nath left his job in Baroda to join <a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a>. He became one of its prominent members. </p><p>Jatindra Nath's father did not like the fact that his son had left his studies and that he had involved himself in anti-British activities. To divert his son's attention towards family matters, he married him off. But still Jatindra Nath became more deeply involved in the freedom movement of the country. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Alipore_bomb_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Alipore bomb case">Alipore bomb case</a> and repression of all revolutionary activities in Bengal forced Jatindra Nath lose interest in the nationalist activities. He went back to his native village. (<a href="/wiki/Channa_village" title="Channa village">Channa village</a>)Soon he was married off by his parents to Hiranmoyee.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spiritual_transformation">Spiritual transformation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spiritual transformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_indication">Early indication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early indication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his childhood Jatinindra Nath Banerjee was known to be unruly, but as a teenager he became thoughtful. He began to frequently visit the temple of goddess Bishalakshi (another name of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>), where he would sit for hours in deep contemplation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sannyasa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the suppression of revolutionary activities in Bengal, Jatin (Jatinindra Nath Banerjee) went back to his native village. His mind became engrossed in spiritual thoughts. He would frequently visit the temple of Bishalaakshi ('Large-eyed Goddess') and would remain there for hours. He would pray for spiritual strength self-purification and spiritual knowledge. He began to feel the need for a <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a>. Meanwhile, his parents died and a daughter was born to him. He felt a deep need to get rid of worldly ties. Consequently, one night he became a wandering monk (i.e. he took <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Jadavpur_University_2001_pp.117_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jadavpur_University_2001_pp.117-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jatin felt that for gaining spiritual knowledge he needed the help of a guru and hence he began to search for one. He wandered many places in search of a guru but could not find any genuine ones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wanderings">Wanderings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wanderings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his wanderings he reached <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>. There he met a monk who suggested him to go to <a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a> where he (Jatin) would find his destined guru </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nainital">Nainital</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nainital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Jatindra Nath reached <a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a> from Varanasi he became very tired and exhausted. Yet he managed to find <a href="/wiki/Soham_Swami" title="Soham Swami">Soham Swami</a>, his destined <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Soham_Swami" title="Soham Swami">Soham Swami</a> had established an <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a> near the bank of a river. He welcomed Jatindra Nath with open arms and made him his disciple on the same day. </p><p>Soham Swami was one of the most eminent disciples of Tibbetibaba, the legendary <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a> of India.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the author of books like 'Soham Gita', 'Soham Samhita', 'Truth' (this book was the only book written by him in English poetry. It was published in Calcutta, now Kolkata, in 1913) and 'Common Sense.’ </p><p>In his autobiographical work, <i>Why I Am An Atheist</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a>, a prominent freedom fighter, wrongly referred to Niralamba Swami as the author of a book titled <i>Common Sense</i>. Swami in fact wrote only the introduction to it.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haridwar">Haridwar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Haridwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soham Swami asked Jatindra Nath Banerjee to go to <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, where he had established an <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a>. At this place Jatindra Nath began scaling great spiritual heights and finally attained knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> or God in His form without any attributes. </p><p>Soham Swami was very pleased with the spiritual success of Jatindra Nath Banerjee and so he was rechristened with the name of <b>Srimat Niralamba Swami</b>. But he became popular with the name of <b>Niralamba Swami</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niralamba Swami now had many admirers and devotees from <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>, Haryana, and regions around <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. His fame for spiritual knowledge and wisdom spread far and wide. After staying in Haridwar for some years he developed a desire to establish an <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a> at <a href="/wiki/Channa_village" title="Channa village">Channa village</a>. He conveyed his request to his guru and was granted the permission to establish an <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a> at his native village. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channa_village">Channa village</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Channa village"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After staying in the northern India for many years, Niralamba Swami reached <a href="/wiki/Channa_village" title="Channa village">Channa village</a>, his native place. Many people of his village and other nearby villages had gathered to have a glimpse of their famous man. He first visited his home to meet his wife. Through her he came to know that his only child (his daughter) had expired. He managed to convince his wife to spend the rest of her life with him as the Mother of the soon to be constructed ashram at the village. She was re-christened as 'Chinmoyee Devi'.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon an <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a> was constructed by the side of the village river bank and Niralamba Swami began staying at the ashram with his wife and some devotees and disciples. </p><p>Niralamba Swami's fame as a great <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a> spread even more in India. His life at the ashram was spent both as a 'bhogi' (enjoyer) and a <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a>. He would daily consume the best quality betel leaves and tobacco available at the time. </p><p>It did not remain unknown that the former freedom fighter had become a famous <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a> of India. So many former comrades of Niralamba Swami (formerly Jatindra Nath Banerjee) and many freedom fighters began visiting him for spiritual guidance and inspiration. </p><p>Among the notable freedom fighters to have visited Niralamba Swami was the legendary <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a>. He had met Niralamba Swami at Channa ashram at <a href="/wiki/Channa_village" title="Channa village">Channa village</a> in the beginning of 1929<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(1927– 1928 according to some). </p><p>Another famous person associated with Niralamba Swami was <a href="/wiki/Prajnanapada" title="Prajnanapada">Prajnanapada</a> (1891–1974).He was popular with the name of <b>Swami Prajnanapada</b>. He became Niralamba Swami's disciple in 1924–25 at Channa ashram. He also became a monk (took to <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prajnanapada" title="Prajnanapada">Prajnanapada</a> was a follower of <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> philosophy and taught realisation of Self-knowledge using <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81na" title="Jñāna">Jñāna</a> <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a> method (the path of self-realisation using knowledge).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many distinguished persons had also visited Niralamba Swami at his Channa ashram at <a href="/wiki/Channa_village" title="Channa village">Channa village</a>. Among them was Tibbetibaba. Niralamba Swami had hailed Tibbetibaba as one of the greatest exponent of Advaita Vedanta after <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a>. </p><p>He died on 5 September 1930. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teachings">Teachings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Teachings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Wake up and realise Self-Consciousness.</li> <li>Know yourself. If you do not know yourself, then how can you know your country?</li> <li>If you want to get rid of the sufferings of your country, then you have to become strong. To make yourself strong you have to first acquire Self-Knowledge. Self-strength makes human beings to cross difficult deserts and mountains. Nothing is impossible for a race possessing Self-strength</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sen, Siba Pada, "Dictionary of national biography", Institute of Historical Studies, India (edition 1972). p.114. Page available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.google.co.in/books?spell=1&lr=&q=channa,burdwan&btnG=Search+Books">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google.co.in-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google.co.in_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google.co.in_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Burdwan Dept. of History, "History: journal of the Department of History”, University of Burdwan, India. (edition 1998). p. 85. Page available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A-ptAAAAMAAJ&q=channa,burdwan">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durga_Das_Pvt_1980,_p.25-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Durga_Das_Pvt_1980,_p.25_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durga_Das_Pvt_1980,_p.25_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Durga Das Pvt. Ltd, "Eminent Indians who was who, 1900–1980, also annual diary of events", Durga Das Pvt. Ltd., India. (edition 1985). p.25. Page available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bLEZAAAAYAAJ&q=channa,burdwan">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bardhaman.gov.in/histandback.html">"Burdwan: History and Background", District Gazetter, Burdwan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jadavpur_University_2001_pp.117-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jadavpur_University_2001_pp.117_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jadavpur_University_2001_pp.117_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jadavpur University. Dept. of International Relations Jadavpur Journal of International Relations, "Jadavpur Journal of International Relations", Dept. of International Relations, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. (edition: 2001). pp.117 and 122. Page Available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yRCQAAAAMAAJ&q=niralamba+swami">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Municipal Corporation, Calcutta (India), "Calcutta municipal gazette", Office of the Registrar of Newspapers. Press, India (edition: 1972). p.127. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xOuNAAAAMAAJ&q=niralamba+swami">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chakravorty, Subodh, "Bharater Sadhak – Sadhika"(Bengali edition), India: Kamini Publication, 115, Akhil Mistry Lane, Kolkata – 700 009 (1997.Bengali calendar year – 1404), Volume 1, p.516</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motherandsriaurobindo.in/_StaticContent/SriAurobindoAshram/-03%20The%20Ashram/Inspiring%20Connections/Jatindranath%20Banerjee/-01_Jatindranath%20%20Banerjee(Swami%20Niralamba).htm">Jatindra Nath Banerjee (Niralamba Swami)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University, Banaras Hindu, "Prajña", Banaras Hindu University, Benaras, India (edition: 1972). p.110. Page Available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jAjRAAAAMAAJ&q=niralamba+swami">[6]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heehs, Peter, "The bomb in Bengal: the rise of revolutionary terrorism in India, 1900–1910”, Oxford University Press. (edition 1993). p. 62. Page available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G4JuAAAAMAAJ&q=soham+swami">[7]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharma, I. Mallikarjuna, "In retrospect: Sagas of heroism and sacrifice of Indian revolutionaries”, Ravi Sasi Enterprises, India (edition: 1999). p. 94. Page Available <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GhpuAAAAMAAJ&q=Tibetan+baba">[8]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'‘Why I am an Atheist: Bhagat Singh<i>, People's Publishing House, New Delhi, India. </i> Page available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.boloji.com/spirituality/051.htm">[9]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090223020634/http://www.boloji.com/spirituality/051.htm">Archived</a> 23 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/index.asp?linkid=32">"Shaheed Bhagat Singh great martyrs of punjab(India).Shaheed Bhagat Singh was the hero of freedom struggle in india, great freedom fighter of Punjab, great freedom fighter of India, true freedom fighter of Punjab,true freedom fighter of india"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shaheed+Bhagat+Singh+great+martyrs+of+punjab%28India%29.Shaheed+Bhagat+Singh+was+the+hero+of+freedom+struggle+in+india%2C+great+freedom+fighter+of+Punjab%2C+great+freedom+fighter+of+India%2C+true+freedom+fighter+of+Punjab%2Ctrue+freedom+fighter+of+india&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shahidbhagatsingh.org%2Findex.asp%3Flinkid%3D32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiralamba+Swami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swami, Soham, "Common Sense", Bangladesh: Surja Kanta Banerjee, Gandharia Press, Dacca (Dhaka) (1928). pp. 1–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luzac & Co. (London, England), “Luzac's oriental list and book review”, Luzac and Co. (edition 1924). p. 33. Page available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3uESAAAAIAAJ&q=soham+swami">[10]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Majumdar, Bimanbehari, "Militant nationalism in India and its socio-religious background, 1897–1917", General Printers & Publishers, India (edition 1966. p.101. Page available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BqU9AAAAMAAJ&q=soham+swami">[11]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motherandsriaurobindo.in/_StaticContent/SriAurobindoAshram/-03%20The%20Ashram/Inspiring%20Connections/Jatindranath%20Banerjee/-01_Jatindranath%20%20Banerjee(Swami%20Niralamba).htm">Motherandsriaurobindo.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jatinder Nath Sanyal, Kripal Chandra Yadav, Bhagat Singh, Babar Singh, The Bhagat Singh Foundation, "Bhagat Singh: a biography”, Hope India Publication, India (edition: 2006). p.84. Page Available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vUduAAAAMAAJ&q=niralamba+swami">[12]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prajnanapada, Ramanuja Srinivasan, "Talks with Swami Prajnanapada", Vidya Bhavan, India (edition 1977). Page available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bwQKAQAAIAAJ&q=CHANNA,BURDWAN">[13]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niralamba_Swami&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Chakravorty, Subodh, "Bharater Sadhak – Sadhika"(Bengali edition), India: Kamini Publication, 115, Akhil Mistry Lane, Kolkata – 700 009 (1997.Bengali calendar year – 1404), Volume 1, pp. 500–522</li> <li>Grover, G.L. & Grover, S., <i>A New Look At Modern Indian History</i> (17th ed.), India: S. Chand Publication (2000). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-219-0532-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-219-0532-X">81-219-0532-X</a>, pp. 283–284.</li> <li>Sanyal, Jagadiswar, <i>Guide To Indian Philosophy</i> (1996 ed.), India: Sribhumi Publishing Company (1999), 79, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata – 700 009.</li> <li>Hornby, A S, "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English" (5th ed.), UK: Oxford University Press (1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-431445-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-431445-6">0-19-431445-6</a>, pp. 1433–175.</li> <li><i>Why I am an Atheist: Bhagat Singh</i>, People's Publishing House, New Delhi, India.</li> <li>Sharma, I. Mallikarjuna, “In retrospect: Sagas of heroism and sacrifice of Indian revolutionaries”, Ravi Sasi Enterprises, India (edition: 1999). p. 94.</li> <li>Swami, Soham, "Common Sense", Bangladesh: Surja Kanta Banerjee, Gandharia Press, Dacca(Dhaka) (1924). pp. 1–3</li> <li>Municipal Corporation, Calcutta (India), “Calcutta municipal gazette”, Office of the Registrar of Newspapers. Press, India (edition: 1972). p. 127.</li> <li>Jatinder Nath Sanyal, Kripal Chandra Yadav, Bhagat Singh, Babar Singh, The Bhagat Singh Foundation, “Bhagat Singh: a biography”, Hope India Publication, India (edition: 2006). p. 84.</li> <li>University, Banaras Hindu, “Prajña”, Banaras Hindu University, Benaras, India (edition: 1972). p. 110.</li> <li>Jadavpur University. Dept. of International Relations Jadavpur Journal of International Relations, “Jadavpur Journal of International Relations”, Dept. of International Relations, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. (edition: 2001). pp. 117 and 122.</li> <li>Indian Bibliographic Centre. Research Wing, Indian Bibliographic Centre</li> <li>“Dictionary of Indian biography”, Indian Bibliographic Centre (edition 2000). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85131-15-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-85131-15-5">81-85131-15-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85131-15-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85131-15-3">978-81-85131-15-3</a>. p. 32.</li> <li>Durga Das Pvt. Ltd, “Eminent Indians who was who, 1900–1980, also annual diary of events”, Durga Das Pvt. Ltd., India. (edition 1985). p. 25.</li> <li>Sen, Siba Pada, “Dictionary of national biography”, Institute of Historical Studies, India (edition 1972). p. 114.</li> <li>Mukherjee, Uma, “Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee”, Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. (edition 1966). p. 101.</li> <li>University of Burdwan Dept. of History, “History: journal of the Department of History”, University of Burdwan, India. (edition 1998). p. 85.</li> <li>Heehs, Peter, “The bomb in Bengal: the rise of revolutionary terrorism in India, 1900–1910”, Oxford University Press. (edition 1993). p. 62.</li> <li>Gupta, Gopal Dass, “Glossary and index of proper names in Sri Aurobindo's works”, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, India. (edition 1989). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7058-170-2" title="Special:BookSources/81-7058-170-2">81-7058-170-2</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7058-170-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7058-170-3">978-81-7058-170-3</a>. p. 34</li> <li>Majumdar, Bimanbehari, “Militant nationalism in India and its socio-religious background, 1897–1917”, General Printers & Publishers, India (edition 1966. p. 101.</li> <li>Luzac & Co. (London, England), “Luzac's oriental list and book review”, Luzac and Co.. (edition 1924). p. 33.</li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_independence_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_independence_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India#Indian_independence_movement_(1885–1947)" title="History of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Porto Grande de Bengala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Dutch Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anglo-Maratha Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi_rebellion" title="Sannyasi rebellion">Sannyasi rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:British_India" title="Category:British India">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies<br />and ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and<br /> movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Sociologist" title="The Indian Sociologist">The Indian Sociologist</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa_Khwani_massacre" title="Qissa Khwani massacre">Qissa Khwani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Satyagraha" title="Flag Satyagraha">Flag Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">1928 Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round table conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripps_Mission" title="Cripps Mission">Cripps Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Bombay Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_strikes_of_1946" title="Royal Air Force strikes of 1946">Royal Air Force strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_Yanaon" title="Coup d'état of Yanaon">Coup d'état of Yanaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_States_Peoples%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="All India States Peoples' Conference">Praja Mandala movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" title="All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement" title="Indian Home Rule movement">Indian Home Rule movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Party" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_movement" title="Category:Indian independence movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social<br />reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Vaidyanatha_Iyer" title="A. Vaidyanatha Iyer">A. Vaidyanatha Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar" title="Ayya Vaikundar">Ayya Vaikundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyankali" title="Ayyankali">Ayyankali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Subramania_Iyer" title="G. Subramania Iyer">G. Subramania Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazulu_Lakshminarasu_Chetty" title="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty">Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ganesh_Agarkar" title="Gopal Ganesh Agarkar">Gopal Ganesh Agarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukuri_Veeresalingam" title="Kandukuri Veeresalingam">Kandukuri Veeresalingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakkom_Moulavi" title="Vakkom Moulavi">Vakkom Moulavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Ramji_Shinde" title="Vitthal Ramji Shinde">Vitthal Ramji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence<br /> activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accamma_Cherian" title="Accamma Cherian">Accamma Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Patwardhan" title="Achyut Patwardhan">Achyut Patwardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Maharana" title="Annapurna Maharana">Annapurna Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh" title="Kunwar Singh">Babu Kunwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetram_Jatav" title="Chetram Jatav">Chetram Jatav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh" title="Dhan Singh">Dhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkipati_Nageswara_Rao" title="Dukkipati Nageswara Rao">Dukkipati Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Mohan_Sengupta" title="Jatindra Mohan Sengupta">Jatindra Mohan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Sinha" title="Shri Krishna Sinha">Shri Krishna Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Bhaktavatsalam" title="M. Bhaktavatsalam">M. Bhaktavatsalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Pandey" title="Mangal Pandey">Mangal Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagnath_Naikwadi" title="Nagnath Naikwadi">Nagnath Naikwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis" title="Nana Fadnavis">Nana Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Saheb_Peshwa_II" title="Nana Saheb Peshwa II">Nana Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kakkan" title="P. Kakkan">P. Kakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_of_Jhansi" title="Rani of Jhansi">Rani Lakshmibai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Dang" title="Satyapal Dang">Satyapal Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_Pagaro_VI" title="Pir of Pagaro VI">Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Bharati" title="Subramania Bharati">Subramania Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniya_Siva" title="Subramaniya Siva">Subramaniya Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Rani_Srivastava" title="Tara Rani Srivastava">Tara Rani Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatya_Tope" title="Tatya Tope">Tatya Tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Kumaran" title="Tiruppur Kumaran">Tiruppur Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidamabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeran_Sundaralingam" title="Veeran Sundaralingam">Veeran Sundaralingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists" title="Category:Indian independence activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Outram,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Hastings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">Republic of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Conference" title="Simla Conference">Simla Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_Revolutionary_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Template:Indian Revolutionary Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Revolutionary Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Revolutionary Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_Revolutionary_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Indian Revolutionary Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat_Society" title="Abhinav Bharat Society">Abhinav Bharat Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Volunteers" title="Bengal Volunteers">Bengal Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Consolidation" title="Communist Consolidation">Communist Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Anushilan_Samiti" title="Dhaka Anushilan Samiti">Dhaka Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadar Party">Ghadar Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a> (Yugantar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naujawan_Bharat_Sabha" title="Naujawan Bharat Sabha">Naujawan Bharat Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Indian_Society" title="Paris Indian Society">Paris Indian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_and_Peasants_Party_(India)" title="Workers and Peasants Party (India)">Workers and Peasants Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abinash_Chandra_Bhattacharya" title="Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya">Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambika_Chakrabarty" title="Ambika Chakrabarty">Ambika Chakrabarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajoy_Ghosh" title="Ajoy Ghosh">Ajoy Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anant_Laxman_Kanhere" title="Anant Laxman Kanhere">Anant Laxman Kanhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananta_Singh" title="Ananta Singh">Ananta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantahari_Mitra" title="Anantahari Mitra">Anantahari Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atul_Krishna_Ghosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Atul Krishna Ghosh">Atul Krishna Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badal_Gupta" title="Badal Gupta">Badal Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikuntha_Shukla" title="Baikuntha Shukla">Baikuntha Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banwari_Lal_(revolutionary)" title="Banwari Lal (revolutionary)">Banwari Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanta_Kumar_Biswas" title="Basanta Kumar Biswas">Basanta Kumar Biswas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batukeshwar_Dutt" title="Batukeshwar Dutt">Batukeshwar Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoy_Basu" title="Benoy Basu">Benoy Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Singh_Gyanee" title="Bhagwan Singh Gyanee">Bhagwan Singh Gyanee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwati_Charan_Vohra" title="Bhagwati Charan Vohra">Bhagwati Charan Vohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai_Balmukund" title="Bhai Balmukund">Bhai Balmukund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai_Parmanand" title="Bhai Parmanand">Bhai Parmanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendranath_Datta" title="Bhupendranath Datta">Bhupendranath Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bina_Das" title="Bina Das">Bina Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binod_Bihari_Chowdhury" title="Binod Bihari Chowdhury">Binod Bihari Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Behari_Ganguli" title="Bipin Behari Ganguli">Bipin Behari Ganguli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chempakaraman_Pillai" title="Chempakaraman Pillai">Chempakaraman Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittapriya_Ray_Chaudhuri" title="Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri">Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deba_Gupta" title="Deba Gupta">Deba Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Gupta" title="Dinesh Gupta">Dinesh Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durgawati_Devi" title="Durgawati Devi">Durgawati Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Ganesh Damodar Savarkar">Ganesh Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Ghosh" title="Ganesh Ghosh">Ganesh Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaya_Prasad_Katiyar" title="Gaya Prasad Katiyar">Gaya Prasad Katiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Kaur" title="Gulab Kaur">Gulab Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guran_Ditt_Kumar" title="Guran Ditt Kumar">Guran Ditt Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_Konar" title="Hare Krishna Konar">Hare Krishna Konar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridas_Dutta" title="Haridas Dutta">Haridas Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harigopal_Bal" title="Harigopal Bal">Harigopal Bal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Kishan_Talwar" title="Hari Kishan Talwar">Hari Kishan Talwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harnam_Singh_Saini" title="Harnam Singh Saini">Harnam Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemchandra_Kanungo" title="Hemchandra Kanungo">Hemchandra Kanungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadugopal_Mukherjee" title="Jadugopal Mukherjee">Jadugopal Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiban_Ghoshal" title="Jiban Ghoshal">Jiban Ghoshal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanendra_Das_Gupta" title="Jnanendra Das Gupta">Jnanendra Das Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogesh_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee">Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanailal_Dutta" title="Kanailal Dutta">Kanailal Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpana_Datta" title="Kalpana Datta">Kalpana Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyani_Das" title="Kalyani Das">Kalyani Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaji_Gopal_Karve" title="Krishnaji Gopal Karve">Krishnaji Gopal Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartar_Singh_Sarabha" title="Kartar Singh Sarabha">Kartar Singh Sarabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Kishori_Lal" title="Pandit Kishori Lal">Kishori Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Pratap_Singh_Barhath" title="Kunwar Pratap Singh Barhath">Kunwar Pratap Singh Barhath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushal_Konwar" title="Kushal Konwar">Kushal Konwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokenath_Bal" title="Lokenath Bal">Lokenath Bal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Dhingra" title="Madan Lal Dhingra">Madan Lal Dhingra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Singh_(revolutionary)" title="Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)">Mahavir Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmath_Nath_Gupta" title="Manmath Nath Gupta">Manmath Nath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoranjan_Bhattacharya_(revolutionary)" title="Manoranjan Bhattacharya (revolutionary)">Manoranjan Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matangini_Hazra" title="Matangini Hazra">Matangini Hazra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohit_Moitra" title="Mohit Moitra">Mohit Moitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Kishore_Namadas" title="Mohan Kishore Namadas">Mohan Kishore Namadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Roy" title="Motilal Roy">Motilal Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._P._T._Acharya" title="M. P. T. Acharya">M. P. T. Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundi_Lal" title="Mukundi Lal">Mukundi Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munsha_Singh_Dukhi" title="Munsha Singh Dukhi">Munsha Singh Dukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Mohan_Sen" title="Narendra Mohan Sen">Narendra Mohan Sen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Sengupta" title="Niranjan Sengupta">Niranjan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmal_Jibon_Ghosh" title="Nirmal Jibon Ghosh">Nirmal Jibon Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Kanshi_Ram" title="Pandit Kanshi Ram">Pandit Kanshi Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchanan_Chakraborty" title="Panchanan Chakraborty">Panchanan Chakraborty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Mahadev_Bapat" title="Pandurang Mahadev Bapat">Pandurang Mahadev Bapat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Sadashiv_Khankhoje" title="Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje">Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Ranjan_Choudhury" title="Pramod Ranjan Choudhury">Pramod Ranjan Choudhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratul_Chandra_Ganguli" title="Pratul Chandra Ganguli">Pratul Chandra Ganguli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradyot_Kumar_Bhattacharya" title="Pradyot Kumar Bhattacharya">Pradyot Kumar Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Krishna_Khanna" title="Prem Krishna Khanna">Prem Krishna Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulin_Behari_Das" title="Pulin Behari Das">Pulin Behari Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Kurian" title="P. V. Kurian">P. V. Kurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajat_Sen" title="Rajat Sen">Rajat Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Lahiri" title="Rajendra Lahiri">Rajendra Lahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Bharadwaj" title="Ram Chandra Bharadwaj">Ram Chandra Bharadwaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Biswas" title="Ramakrishna Biswas">Ramakrishna Biswas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Rakha" title="Ram Rakha">Ram Rakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshan_Singh" title="Roshan Singh">Roshan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Bakshi" title="Sachindra Bakshi">Sachindra Bakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyal" title="Sachindra Nath Sanyal">Sachindra Nath Sanyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosh_Kumar_Mitra" title="Santosh Kumar Mitra">Santosh Kumar Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendranath_Bosu" title="Satyendranath Bosu">Satyendranath Bosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Sardar" title="Satish Sardar">Satish Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Verma" title="Shiv Verma">Shiv Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivaram_Rajguru" title="Shivaram Rajguru">Shivaram Rajguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrish_Chandra_Ghosh" title="Shrish Chandra Ghosh">Shrish Chandra Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_Singh_Bhakna" title="Sohan Singh Bhakna">Sohan Singh Bhakna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohanlal_Pathak" title="Sohanlal Pathak">Sohanlal Pathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srish_Pal" title="Srish Pal">Srish Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subodh_Roy" title="Subodh Roy">Subodh Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhdev_Thapar" title="Sukhdev Thapar">Sukhdev Thapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suniti_Choudhury" title="Suniti Choudhury">Suniti Choudhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarakeswar_Dastidar" title="Tarakeswar Dastidar">Tarakeswar Dastidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarakeswar_Sengupta" title="Tarakeswar Sengupta">Tarakeswar Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Kesari_Singh_Barhath" title="Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath">Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Zorawar_Singh_Barhath" title="Thakur Zorawar Singh Barhath">Thakur Zorawar Singh Barhath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udham_Singh" title="Udham Singh">Udham Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullaskar_Dutta" title="Ullaskar Dutta">Ullaskar Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._V._S._Aiyar" title="V. V. S. Aiyar">V. V. S. Aiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Bhai_Kotwal" title="Veer Bhai Kotwal">Veer Bhai Kotwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Ganesh_Pingle" title="Vishnu Ganesh Pingle">Vishnu Ganesh Pingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Vaishampayan" title="Vishwanath Vaishampayan">Vishwanath Vaishampayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bande_Mataram_(publication)" title="Bande Mataram (publication)">Bande Mataram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bande_Mataram_(Paris_publication)" title="Bande Mataram (Paris publication)">Bande Mataram (Paris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Ghadar" title="Hindustan Ghadar">Hindustan Ghadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar_Patrika" title="Jugantar Patrika">Jugantar Patrika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alipore_Bomb_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Alipore Bomb case">Alipore Bomb case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisal_Conspiracy_Case" title="Barisal Conspiracy Case">Barisal Conspiracy Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Armoury_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittagong Armoury Raid">Chittagong Armoury Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi conspiracy case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Conspiracy_Commission" title="Delhi Conspiracy Commission">Delhi Conspiracy Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Mutiny" title="Ghadar Mutiny">Ghadar Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy_Trial" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial">Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howrah-Sibpur_Conspiracy_case" title="Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case">Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Conspiracy_Case_trial" title="Lahore Conspiracy Case trial">Lahore Conspiracy Case trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodda_company_arms_heist" title="Rodda company arms heist">Rodda company arms heist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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