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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Thăng_Long_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Thăng_Long_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-Thăng Long period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Thăng_Long_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Âu_Lạc_and_Nanyue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Âu_Lạc_and_Nanyue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Kingdom of Âu Lạc and Nanyue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Âu_Lạc_and_Nanyue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanoi_under_Chinese_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanoi_under_Chinese_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Hanoi under Chinese rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanoi_under_Chinese_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protectorate_of_Annam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protectorate_of_Annam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Protectorate of Annam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protectorate_of_Annam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanoi_under_Independent_Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanoi_under_Independent_Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hanoi under Independent Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanoi_under_Independent_Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thăng_Long,_Đông_Đô,_Đông_Quan,_Đông_Kinh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thăng_Long,_Đông_Đô,_Đông_Quan,_Đông_Kinh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Thăng Long, Đông Đô, Đông Quan, Đông Kinh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thăng_Long,_Đông_Đô,_Đông_Quan,_Đông_Kinh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_Nguyễn_dynasty_and_the_French_colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_Nguyễn_dynasty_and_the_French_colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>During Nguyễn dynasty and the French colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_Nguyễn_dynasty_and_the_French_colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_WWII,_First_Indochina_War,_and_the_Vietnam_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_WWII,_First_Indochina_War,_and_the_Vietnam_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>During WWII, First Indochina War, and the Vietnam War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_WWII,_First_Indochina_War,_and_the_Vietnam_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Hanoi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Hanoi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modern Hanoi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Hanoi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location,_topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location,_topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Location, topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location,_topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Development subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infrastructural_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructural_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Infrastructural development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructural_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_society_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_society_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Civil society development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_society_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_Quarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Quarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Old Quarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Quarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Imperial sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_Hanoi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_Hanoi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Colonial Hanoi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_Hanoi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Suburbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care_and_other_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care_and_other_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Health care and other facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care_and_other_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_for_Peace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_for_Peace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>City for Peace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_for_Peace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Honor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanoi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 172 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-172" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">172 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%80%E1%8A%96%E1%8B%AD" title="ሀኖይ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሀኖይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A" title="هانوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هانوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4an%C3%B3i" title="Ḥanói – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ḥanói" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoy" title="Hanoy – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hanoy" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="هانوی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هانوی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="হ্যানয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যানয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_Chh%C4%AB" title="Hà Nội Chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hà Nội Chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧེ་ནོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧེ་ནོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha_Noi" title="Ha Noi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ha Noi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoj" title="Hanoj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hanoj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A" title="هانوي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هانوي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3%C5%82%C3%A1n%C3%ADtah" title="Tółánítah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tółánítah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%B9" title="Ανόι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανόι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%C3%B3i" title="Hanói – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hanói" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanojo" title="Hanojo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hanojo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="هانوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هانوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hano%C3%AF" title="Hanoï – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hanoï" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%C3%A1%C3%AD" title="Hanáí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hanáí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%82" title="河內市 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="河內市" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i" title="Hà Nội – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hà Nội" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%85%B8%EC%9D%B4" title="하노이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하노이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B5" title="Հանոյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանոյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%88" title="हनोई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हनोई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hano%C3%AD" title="Hanoí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hanoí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99" title="האנוי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האנוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹಾನೊಯ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಾನೊಯ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98" title="ჰანოი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰანოი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%B2y" title="Anòy – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Anòy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%8D" title="ຮ່າໂນ້ຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຮ່າໂນ້ຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoja" title="Hanoja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hanoja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanojus" title="Hanojus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hanojus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Ханој – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ханој" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹാനോയ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാനോയ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%88" title="हनोई – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हनोई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98" title="ჰანოი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰანოი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89" title="هانوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هانوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="هانوی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هانوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i" title="Hà Nội – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hà Nội" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4anoi" title="Ḥanoi – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ḥanoi" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဟနွိုင်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟနွိုင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87" title="हनोइ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हनोइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A4" title="ハノイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハノイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%C3%B2i" title="Hanòi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hanòi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanoy" title="Xanoy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xanoy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%88" title="ਹਨੋਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਨੋਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="ہنوئی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہنوئی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="هانوی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هانوی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%99" title="ហាណូយ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហាណូយ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hano%C3%AF" title="Hanoï – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Hanoï" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%C3%B3i" title="Hanói – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hanói" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanoy" title="Xanoy – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Xanoy" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha_Nui" title="Ha Nui – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ha Nui" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/He-ney-se" title="He-ney-se – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="He-ney-se" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%88" title="हनोई – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हनोई" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱦᱟᱱᱚᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱱᱚᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92" title="හැනෝයි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හැනෝයි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="هنوئي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="هنوئي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoj" title="Hanoj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hanoj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoj" title="Hanoj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hanoj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%86%DB%8C" title="ھانۆی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھانۆی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Ханој – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ханој" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹனோய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹனோய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoy" title="Hanoy – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Hanoy" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="ฮานอย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮานอย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ҳаной – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳаной" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ханой" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="ہنوئی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہنوئی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A" title="خانوي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خانوي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i" title="Hà Nội – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hà Nội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i" title="Hà Nội – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hà Nội" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%9F%8E%E5%BA%AF" title="河內城庯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="河內城庯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%82" title="河內市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="河內市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99" title="האנוי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האנוי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7" title="河內 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="河內" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%82" title="河內市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="河內市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoj" title="Hanoj – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hanoj" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1858#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hanoi&params=21.00_N_105.85_E_type:city(8,600,000)_region:VN-HN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°51′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.00°N 105.85°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.00; 105.85</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Vietnam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hanoi (disambiguation)">Hanoi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital municipality in Vietnam</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Hanoi</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="vi">Hà Nội</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a> <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">municipality (special)</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Hanoi<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thành phố Hà Nội</i></span></span><hr />Hanoi Capital<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thủ đô Hà Nội</i></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:162px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_Skyline_-_NKS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hanoi_Skyline_-_NKS.jpg/288px-Hanoi_Skyline_-_NKS.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hanoi_Skyline_-_NKS.jpg/432px-Hanoi_Skyline_-_NKS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hanoi_Skyline_-_NKS.jpg/576px-Hanoi_Skyline_-_NKS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5959" data-file-height="3352" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Hanoi skyline with <a href="/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_T%C3%A2n_Bridge" title="Nhật Tân Bridge">Nhật Tân Bridge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoan_Kiem_Lake1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hoan_Kiem_Lake1.jpg/150px-Hoan_Kiem_Lake1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hoan_Kiem_Lake1.jpg/225px-Hoan_Kiem_Lake1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hoan_Kiem_Lake1.jpg/300px-Hoan_Kiem_Lake1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7520" data-file-height="5013" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Tower" title="Turtle Tower">Turtle Tower</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_Temple_of_Literature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hanoi_Temple_of_Literature.jpg/134px-Hanoi_Temple_of_Literature.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hanoi_Temple_of_Literature.jpg/201px-Hanoi_Temple_of_Literature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hanoi_Temple_of_Literature.jpg/268px-Hanoi_Temple_of_Literature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Literature,_Hanoi" title="Temple of Literature, Hanoi">Temple of Literature</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_Opera_House,_24_December_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hanoi_Opera_House%2C_24_December_2016.jpg/142px-Hanoi_Opera_House%2C_24_December_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hanoi_Opera_House%2C_24_December_2016.jpg/213px-Hanoi_Opera_House%2C_24_December_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hanoi_Opera_House%2C_24_December_2016.jpg/284px-Hanoi_Opera_House%2C_24_December_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2006" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Opera_House" title="Hanoi Opera House">Hanoi Opera House</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citadelle-thang-long-hanoi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Citadelle-thang-long-hanoi.jpg/142px-Citadelle-thang-long-hanoi.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Citadelle-thang-long-hanoi.jpg/213px-Citadelle-thang-long-hanoi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Citadelle-thang-long-hanoi.jpg/284px-Citadelle-thang-long-hanoi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4807" data-file-height="3215" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long">Imperial Citadel</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:180px;max-width:180px"><div style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P20230910AS-1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/P20230910AS-1839.jpg/178px-P20230910AS-1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/P20230910AS-1839.jpg/267px-P20230910AS-1839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/P20230910AS-1839.jpg/356px-P20230910AS-1839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Mausoleum" title="Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum">Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:108px;max-width:108px"><div style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_sjc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hanoi_sjc.jpg/120px-Hanoi_sjc.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hanoi_sjc.jpg/250px-Hanoi_sjc.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Hanoi" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Hanoi">St. Joseph's Cathedral</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Hanoi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Hanoi"><img alt="Official seal of Hanoi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Emblem_of_Hanoi.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Hanoi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Emblem_of_Hanoi.svg/250px-Emblem_of_Hanoi.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="447" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">City of Soaring dragon<br />(<i>Thành phố rồng bay</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-tuoitre.vn/_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuoitre.vn/-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Thousand-year-long capital of civilisation<br />(<i>Thủ đô nghìn năm <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C4%83n_hi%E1%BA%BFn" class="extiw" title="wikt:văn hiến">văn hiến</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />City for peace<br />(<i>Thành phố vì hoà bình</i>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Dis lecta fortitudine prospera</i> (historical)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-lat="20.98" data-lon="105.75" data-overlays="["_6044aad4206a92b2a910aa1848f630e11a382129"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/8/20.98/105.75/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,20.98,105.75,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Hanoi&groups=_6044aad4206a92b2a910aa1848f630e11a382129" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,20.98,105.75,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Hanoi&groups=_6044aad4206a92b2a910aa1848f630e11a382129 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Hanoi"><img alt="Location of Hanoi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg/150px-Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg/225px-Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg/300px-Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanoi is located in Vietnam"><img alt="Hanoi is located in Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="489" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.75%;left:47.647%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hanoi"><img alt="Hanoi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Hanoi</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Vietnam</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Vietnam</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanoi is located in Asia"><img alt="Hanoi is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.654%;left:59.629%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hanoi"><img alt="Hanoi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Hanoi</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Asia</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hanoi&params=21.00_N_105.85_E_type:city(8,600,000)_region:VN-HN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°51′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.00°N 105.85°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.00; 105.85</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Vietnam">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital establishment</th><td class="infobox-data">1010</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">French occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanoi_(1873)" title="Battle of Hanoi (1873)">20 November 1873</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colonial liberation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1954_in_Vietnam#October" title="1954 in Vietnam">10 October 1954</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government center</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_district" title="Hoàn Kiếm district">Hoàn Kiếm district</a> (<a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre"><i>chef-lieu</i></a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_district" title="Ba Đình district">Ba Đình district</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_district" title="Đống Đa district">Đống Đa district</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hai_B%C3%A0_Tr%C6%B0ng_district" title="Hai Bà Trưng district">Hai Bà Trưng district</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Vietnam" title="List of districts of Vietnam">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>12 <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_districts_of_Vietnam" title="List of urban districts of Vietnam">urban districts</a></li><li>17 <a href="/wiki/Huy%E1%BB%87n" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyện">rural districts</a></li><li>1 <a href="/wiki/District-level_town" title="District-level town">district-level town</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Hanoi People's Council</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Party Committee</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bùi Thị Minh Hoài</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Chairman of People's Council</th><td class="infobox-data">Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Chairman of People's Committee</th><td class="infobox-data">Trần Sỹ Thanh</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-area_2022_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,359.84 km<sup>2</sup> (1,297.24 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">319.56 km<sup>2</sup> (123.38 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trần_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trần-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">24,314.7 km<sup>2</sup> (9,388.0 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,296 m (4,252 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-p105_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p105-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,587,100</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,600/km<sup>2</sup> (6,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-p115_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p115-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,238,500</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">Rural</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-p117_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p117-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,348,600</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Trần_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trần-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,795,805</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hanoian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-census2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">98.66%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.77%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_people" title="Tày people">Tày</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.24%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Thai_people_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai people in Vietnam">Thái</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.09%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.08%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Others</th><td class="infobox-data">0.16%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>51.4 billion (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-hanoigrdp_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanoigrdp-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">US$103.1 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B07:00" title="UTC+07:00">UTC+07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indochina_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina Time">ICT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Vietnam" title="Postal codes in Vietnam">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">10xxx–14xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Vietnam" title="Telephone numbers in Vietnam">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:VN" title="ISO 3166-2:VN">VN-HN</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Vietnam" title="Vehicle registration plates of Vietnam">License plate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29–33, 40</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.818<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Vietnam_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative divisions of Vietnam by Human Development Index">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.hanoi.gov.vn">hanoi.gov.vn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hanoi</b><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Hà Nội</i> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6c\/Ha_noi.ogg\/Ha_noi.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ha noi.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Ha_noi.ogg/Ha_noi.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ha_noi.ogg" title="File:Ha noi.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: 河內, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="vi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">[haː˨˩<span class="wrap"> </span>noj˧˨ʔ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Hanoï</i><i>,</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[a.nɔj]</a></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">second-most populous city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river"<sup id="cite_ref-dantri_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Hanoi is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_(Asia)" title="Red River (Asia)">Red</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_River_(Asia)" title="Black River (Asia)">Black Rivers</a>). As a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">municipality</a>, Hanoi consists of 12 <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_districts_of_Vietnam" title="List of urban districts of Vietnam">urban districts</a>, 17 <a href="/wiki/Huy%E1%BB%87n" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyện">rural districts</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/District-level_town_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="District-level town (Vietnam)">district-level town</a>. The city encompasses an area of 3,359.84 km<sup>2</sup> (1,297.24 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-area_2022_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as of 2023, a population of 8,587,100.<sup id="cite_ref-p105_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p105-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanoi had the second-highest <a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_domestic_product" title="Gross regional domestic product">gross regional domestic product</a> of all Vietnamese provinces and municipalities at US$51.4 billion in 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-hanoigrdp_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanoigrdp-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> behind <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the third century BCE, the <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_Loa_Citadel" title="Cổ Loa Citadel">Cổ Loa Capital Citadel</a> of <a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_L%E1%BA%A1c" title="Âu Lạc">Âu Lạc</a> was constructed in what is now Hanoi. Âu Lạc then <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_under_Chinese_rule" title="Vietnam under Chinese rule">fell under Chinese rule</a> for a thousand years. In 1010, under the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>, Vietnamese emperor <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%E1%BB%95" title="Lý Thái Tổ">Lý Thái Tổ</a> established the capital of the imperial Vietnamese nation <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> in modern-day central Hanoi, naming the city <b>Thăng Long</b> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">ascending dragon</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). In 1428, King <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_L%E1%BB%A3i" title="Lê Lợi">Lê Lợi</a> renamed the city to <b>Đông Kinh</b> (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:東京">東京</a></span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">eastern capital</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), and it remained so until 1789. The <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> in 1802 moved the national capital to <a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a> and the city was renamed Hanoi in 1831. It served as the capital of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> from 1902 to 1945 and French protectorate of <a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin</a> from 1883 to 1949. After the <a href="/wiki/August_Revolution" title="August Revolution">August Revolution</a> and the fall of the Nguyễn dynasty, the <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">Democratic Republic of Vietnam</a> (DRV) designated Hanoi as the capital of the newly independent country. From 1949 to 1954, it was part of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vietnam" title="State of Vietnam">State of Vietnam</a>. It was again part of the DRV ruling North Vietnam from 1954 to 1976. In 1976, it became the capital of the unified <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Republic of Vietnam">Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a>. In 2008, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C3%A2y_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Tây Province">Hà Tây Province</a> and two other rural districts were annexed into Hanoi, almost tripling Hanoi's area. </p><p>Hanoi is the cultural, economic and education center of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern Vietnam</a>. As the country's capital, it hosts <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Vietnam" title="List of diplomatic missions in Vietnam">78 foreign embassies</a>, the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">People's Army of Vietnam</a>, its own <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_University,_Hanoi" title="Vietnam National University, Hanoi">Vietnam National University system</a>, and many other governmental organizations. Hanoi is also a major tourist destination, with 18.7 million domestic and international visitors in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city hosts the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long">Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Mausoleum" title="Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum">Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_Lake" title="Hoàn Kiếm Lake">Hoàn Kiếm Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_(Hanoi)" title="West Lake (Hanoi)">West Lake</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ba_V%C3%AC_National_Park" title="Ba Vì National Park">Ba Vì National Park</a> near the outskirts of the municipality. Hanoi's urban area has a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">architectural styles</a>, including <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_architecture" title="French colonial architecture">French colonial architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">brutalist apartments</a> typical of socialist nations, and disorganized <a href="/wiki/Alley" title="Alley">alleys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tube_house" title="Tube house">tube houses</a> stemming from the city's rapid growth in the 20th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:193px;max-width:193px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:254px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C4%83ngLong%E6%98%87%E7%AB%9C.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Th%C4%83ngLong%E6%98%87%E7%AB%9C.png/191px-Th%C4%83ngLong%E6%98%87%E7%AB%9C.png" decoding="async" width="191" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Th%C4%83ngLong%E6%98%87%E7%AB%9C.png/287px-Th%C4%83ngLong%E6%98%87%E7%AB%9C.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Th%C4%83ngLong%E6%98%87%E7%AB%9C.png/382px-Th%C4%83ngLong%E6%98%87%E7%AB%9C.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Thăng Long 昇竜 written in 大南國史演歌 <i>Đại Nam quốc sử diễn ca</i>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:254px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:K%E1%BA%BBCh%E1%BB%A3%E4%BB%89%F0%A2%84%82.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/K%E1%BA%BBCh%E1%BB%A3%E4%BB%89%F0%A2%84%82.png/153px-K%E1%BA%BBCh%E1%BB%A3%E4%BB%89%F0%A2%84%82.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/K%E1%BA%BBCh%E1%BB%A3%E4%BB%89%F0%A2%84%82.png/230px-K%E1%BA%BBCh%E1%BB%A3%E4%BB%89%F0%A2%84%82.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/K%E1%BA%BBCh%E1%BB%A3%E4%BB%89%F0%A2%84%82.png/306px-K%E1%BA%BBCh%E1%BB%A3%E4%BB%89%F0%A2%84%82.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="1144" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Kẻ Chợ 仉𢄂 (one of the many historical names for Hanoi) written in the book, 大南國史演歌 <i>Đại Nam quốc sử diễn ca</i></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Hanoi has had various names throughout history. It was known first as Long Biên (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">龍編</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">dragons interweaving</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), then Tống Bình (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">宋平</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> pacification</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and Long Đỗ (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">龍肚</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">dragon belly</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). <i>Long Biên</i> later gave its name to the famed <a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn_Bridge" title="Long Biên Bridge">Long Biên Bridge</a>, built during <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French colonial</a> times, and more recently to a <a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Biên District">new district</a> to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_(Asia)" title="Red River (Asia)">Red River</a>. Several older names of Hanoi feature <i>long</i> (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">龍</span></span>, <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> dragon</span>), linked to the curved formation of the Red River around the city, which was symbolized as a dragon.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dantri_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hanoitv_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanoitv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 866, it was turned into a citadel and named Đại La (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">大羅</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">big net</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). This gave it the nickname La Thành (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">羅城</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><i>La</i> citadel</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). Both <i>Đại La</i> and <i>La Thành</i> are names of major streets in modern Hanoi. When <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%E1%BB%95" title="Lý Thái Tổ">Lý Thái Tổ</a> established the capital in the area in 1010, it was named Thăng Long (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">昇龍</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Thăng Long</i> later became the name of a major <a href="/wiki/Th%C4%83ng_Long_Bridge" title="Thăng Long Bridge">bridge</a> on the highway linking the city center to <a href="/wiki/Noi_Bai_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Noi Bai Airport">Nội Bài Airport</a>, and the Thăng Long Boulevard expressway in the southwest of the city center. In modern times, the city is usually referred to as <i>Thăng Long – Hà Nội</i>, when its long history is discussed. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_dynasty" title="Hồ dynasty">Hồ dynasty</a>, it was called Đông Đô (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">東都</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">eastern metropolis</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-dantri_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laodong_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laodong-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Chinese_domination_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam">Ming occupation</a>, it was called Đông Quan (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">東關</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">eastern gate</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-dantri_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hanoitv_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanoitv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laodong_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laodong-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a>, Hanoi was known as Đông Kinh (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">東京</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which gave the name to <a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a>. A square adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàn Kiếm lake">Hoàn Kiếm lake</a> was named <i>Đông Kinh Nghĩa Thục</i> after the reformist <a href="/wiki/Tonkin_Free_School" title="Tonkin Free School">Tonkin Free School</a> under French colonization.<sup id="cite_ref-dantri_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laodong_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laodong-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the end of the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_dynasty" title="Tây Sơn dynasty">Tây Sơn</a> had expanded further south, the city was named Bắc Thành (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">北城</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">northern citadel</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-dantri_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hanoitv_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanoitv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laodong_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laodong-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Minh Mạng">Minh Mạng</a> renamed the city Hà Nội (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">河內</span></span>) in 1831. This has remained its official name until modern times.<sup id="cite_ref-dantri_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hanoitv_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanoitv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laodong_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laodong-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several unofficial names of Hanoi include: <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Kẻ Chợ</i></span> (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">仉𢄂</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">marketplace</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Tràng An</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">long peace</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Long Thành</i></span> (short for <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Kinh thành Thăng Long</i></span>, 'citadel of Thăng Long'), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Kinh Thành</i></span> ('capital city'), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Hà Thành</i></span> (short for <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thành phố Hà Nội</i></span>, 'city of Hanoi'), and <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thủ Đô</i></span> ('capital').<sup id="cite_ref-dantri_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hanoitv_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanoitv-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laodong_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laodong-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arab manuscripts between the 9th and 12th century referred to Hanoi as <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Luqin</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">لوكين</span></span>), a term derived from <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn" title="Long Biên">Longbian</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a>: <span title="Late Middle Chinese-language text"><i lang="ltc-Latn">Ljowng-pen</i></span>), and was originally used by Muslim traders to mention the Vietnamese.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hanoi" title="Timeline of Hanoi">Timeline of Hanoi</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">History of Vietnam</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Thăng_Long_period"><span id="Pre-Th.C4.83ng_Long_period"></span>Pre-Thăng Long period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-Thăng Long period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many vestiges of human habitation from the late <a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic">Palaeolithic</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> ages can be found in Hanoi. Between 1971 and 1972, archaeologists in Ba Vì and Đông Anh discovered pebbles with traces of carving and processing by human hands that are relics of <a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_Vi_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sơn Vi Culture">Sơn Vi Culture</a>, dating from 10,000 to 20,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-cl_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhanNguyễnNguyễn199727_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhanNguyễnNguyễn199727-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998–1999, the Museum of Vietnamese History (now <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Vietnamese History">National Museum of Vietnamese History</a>) carried out the archaeological studies in the north of <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_M%C3%B4_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đồng Mô Lake (page does not exist)">Đồng Mô Lake</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_M%C3%B4" class="extiw" title="vi:Hồ Đồng Mô">vi</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y,_Hanoi" title="Sơn Tây, Hanoi">Sơn Tây</a>, Hanoi), finding various relics and objects belonging to the <a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_Vi_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sơn Vi Culture">Sơn Vi Culture</a> dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic age">Paleolithic Age</a> around 20,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the mid-Holocene transgression, the sea level rose and immersed low-lying areas; geological data clearly show the coastline was inundated and was located near present-day Hanoi, as is apparent from the absence of Neolithic sites across most of the Bac Bo region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim201512_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim201512-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, from about 10,000 to approximately 4,000 years ago, Hanoi in general was completely underwater.<sup id="cite_ref-cl_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that the region has been continuously inhabited for the last 4,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim2015144_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim2015144-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim2015159_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim2015159-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Âu_Lạc_and_Nanyue"><span id="Kingdom_of_.C3.82u_L.E1.BA.A1c_and_Nanyue"></span>Kingdom of Âu Lạc and Nanyue</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Âu Lạc and Nanyue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In around third century BC, <a href="/wiki/An_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="An Dương Vương">An Dương Vương</a> established the capital of <a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_L%E1%BA%A1c" title="Âu Lạc">Âu Lạc</a> north of present-day Hanoi, where a fortified citadel is constructed, known to history as <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_Loa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cổ Loa">Cổ Loa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor201314_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor201314-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first political center of the Vietnamese civilization pre-Sinitic era,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiksicYian2016111_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiksicYian2016111-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an outer embankment covering 600 <a href="/wiki/Hectares" class="mw-redirect" title="Hectares">hectares</a>. In 179 BC, the Âu Lạc Kingdom was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a>, which ushered in more than a thousand years of Chinese domination. Zhao Tuo subsequently incorporated the regions into his <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a> domain, but left the indigenous chiefs in control of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamieson19958_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamieson19958-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrindley201593_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrindley201593-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtinger195892_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtinger195892-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first time, the region formed part of a polity headed by a Chinese ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201969_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201969-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hanoi_under_Chinese_rule">Hanoi under Chinese rule</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hanoi under Chinese rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 111 BC, the Han dynasty <a href="/wiki/Han_conquest_of_Nanyue" title="Han conquest of Nanyue">conquered Nanyue</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Chinese_domination_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="First Chinese domination of Vietnam">ruled it</a> for the next several hundred years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor198328_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor198328-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐào_Duy_Anh201642_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐào_Duy_Anh201642-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> organized Nanyue into seven commanderies of the south (Lingnan) and now included three in Vietnam alone: Giao Chỉ and Cửu Chân, and a newly established Nhật Nam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor198330_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor198330-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201972_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201972-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBielestein1986271_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBielestein1986271-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 40 AD, Trưng Trắc and Trưng Nhị, daughters of a wealthy aristocratic family of <a href="/wiki/Lac_Viet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac Viet">Lac</a> ethnicity<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrindley2015235_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrindley2015235-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Mê Linh district (Hanoi), led the locals to rise up in rebellion against the Han.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBielestein1986271_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBielestein1986271-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYü1986454_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYü1986454-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201978_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201978-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began at the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a>, but quickly spread both south and north from Jiaozhi, stirring up all three Lạc Việt regions and most of Lingnan,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201978_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201978-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrindley2015235_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrindley2015235-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gaining the support of about 65 towns and settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYü1986454_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYü1986454-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trưng sisters then established their court upriver in Mê Linh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201979_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201979-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor198338_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor198338-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 42 AD, the Han emperor commissioned general <a href="/wiki/Ma_Yuan_(Han_dynasty)" title="Ma Yuan (Han dynasty)">Ma Yuan</a> to suppress the uprising with 32,000 men, including 20,000 regulars and 12,000 regional auxiliaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYü1986454_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYü1986454-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201979_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201979-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rebellion was defeated in the next year as <a href="/wiki/Ma_Yuan_(Han_dynasty)" title="Ma Yuan (Han dynasty)">Ma Yuan</a> captured and decapitated Trưng Trắc and Trưng Nhị, then sent their heads to the Han court in <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201980_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201980-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the middle of the fifth century, in the center of ancient Hanoi, a fortified settlement was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Song Dynasty">Liu Song</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese dynasties">dynasty</a> as the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">seat</a> of a new district called <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%91ng_B%C3%ACnh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tống Bình">Tống Bình</a> (Songping) within <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaozhi Commandery">Giao Chỉ</a> <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">commandery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETran197716_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETran197716-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name refers to its pacification by the dynasty. It was elevated to its own commandery at some point between AD 454 and 464.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoewe200460_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoewe200460-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commandery included the districts of Yihuai (義懷) and Suining (綏寧) in the south of the Red River (now <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Từ Liêm District">Từ Liêm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0i_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoài Đức District">Hoài Đức</a> districts) with a metropolis in present-day inner Hanoi.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protectorate_of_Annam">Protectorate of Annam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Protectorate of Annam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the year 679, the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> changed the region's name to <a href="/wiki/Annam_(Chinese_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Annam (Chinese province)">Annan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:安南">安南</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">An Nam</i>; <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'pacified south'), with Songping as its capital.<sup id="cite_ref-en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the latter half of the eighth century, Zhang Boyi, a viceroy from the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, built Luocheng (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">羅城</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">La Thành</i>) to suppress popular uprisings. Luocheng extended from Thu Le to Quan Ngua in what is now <a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_district" title="Ba Đình district">Ba Đình district</a>. Over time, in the first half of the ninth century, this fortification was expanded and renamed as Jincheng (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Kim Thành</i>). In 863, the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao">Nanzhao</a>, as well as local rebels, laid siege of Jincheng and defeated the Chinese armies of 150,000.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ250_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ250-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019123_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019123-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 866, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a> <a href="/wiki/Gao_Pian" title="Gao Pian">Gao Pian</a> recaptured the city and drove out the Nanzhao and rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019123_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019123-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He renamed the city to Daluocheng (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">大羅城</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Đại La Thành</i>). He built a wall around the city measuring 6,344 meters, with some sections reaching over eight meters in height.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurton2009106_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurton2009106-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Đại La at the time had approximately 25,000 residents, including small foreign communities of Persians, Arabs, Indian, Cham, Javanese, and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Nestorian Christians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became an important trading center of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> due to the ransacking of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Huang_Chao" title="Huang Chao">Huang Chao</a> rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ250_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ250-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By early tenth century AD, modern-day Hanoi was known to the Muslim traders as <b>Luqin</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPark201262_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPark201262-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hanoi_under_Independent_Vietnam">Hanoi under Independent Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hanoi under Independent Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thăng_Long,_Đông_Đô,_Đông_Quan,_Đông_Kinh"><span id="Th.C4.83ng_Long.2C_.C4.90.C3.B4ng_.C4.90.C3.B4.2C_.C4.90.C3.B4ng_Quan.2C_.C4.90.C3.B4ng_Kinh"></span>Thăng Long, Đông Đô, Đông Quan, Đông Kinh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Thăng Long, Đông Đô, Đông Quan, Đông Kinh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1010, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%E1%BB%95" title="Lý Thái Tổ">Lý Thái Tổ</a>, the first ruler of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>, moved the capital of <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> to the site of the Đại La Citadel. Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed the site Thăng Long (昇龍) – a name still used poetically to this day. Thăng Long remained the capital of Đại Việt until 1397, when it was moved to <a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a" title="Thanh Hóa">Thanh Hóa</a>, then known as Tây Đô (西都), the "Western Capital". Thăng Long then became Đông Đô (東都), the "Eastern Capital". </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_kinh_th%C3%A0nh_Th%C4%83ng_Long,_theo_H%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_b%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_s%C3%A1ch_%E6%B4%AA%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96%E5%86%8A_(1490).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Đông Kinh (Hanoi) in 1490, attributed to Emperor Lê Thánh Tông."><img alt="Map of Đông Kinh (Hanoi) in 1490, attributed to Emperor Lê Thánh Tông." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_kinh_th%C3%A0nh_Th%C4%83ng_Long%2C_theo_H%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_b%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_s%C3%A1ch_%E6%B4%AA%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96%E5%86%8A_%281490%29.jpg/88px-B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_kinh_th%C3%A0nh_Th%C4%83ng_Long%2C_theo_H%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_b%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_s%C3%A1ch_%E6%B4%AA%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96%E5%86%8A_%281490%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_kinh_th%C3%A0nh_Th%C4%83ng_Long%2C_theo_H%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_b%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_s%C3%A1ch_%E6%B4%AA%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96%E5%86%8A_%281490%29.jpg/132px-B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_kinh_th%C3%A0nh_Th%C4%83ng_Long%2C_theo_H%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_b%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_s%C3%A1ch_%E6%B4%AA%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96%E5%86%8A_%281490%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_kinh_th%C3%A0nh_Th%C4%83ng_Long%2C_theo_H%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_b%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_s%C3%A1ch_%E6%B4%AA%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96%E5%86%8A_%281490%29.jpg/175px-B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_kinh_th%C3%A0nh_Th%C4%83ng_Long%2C_theo_H%E1%BB%93ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_b%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_s%C3%A1ch_%E6%B4%AA%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96%E5%86%8A_%281490%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Đông Kinh (Hanoi) in 1490, attributed to Emperor <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Th%C3%A1nh_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lê Thánh Tông">Lê Thánh Tông</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Baron_-_The_City_of_CHA-CHO,_the_Metropolis_of_TONQUEEN.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of Hanoi from the Red River in 1685, manuscript from Royal Society's archive."><img alt="A view of Hanoi from the Red River in 1685, manuscript from Royal Society's archive." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Samuel_Baron_-_The_City_of_CHA-CHO%2C_the_Metropolis_of_TONQUEEN.jpg/120px-Samuel_Baron_-_The_City_of_CHA-CHO%2C_the_Metropolis_of_TONQUEEN.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Samuel_Baron_-_The_City_of_CHA-CHO%2C_the_Metropolis_of_TONQUEEN.jpg/180px-Samuel_Baron_-_The_City_of_CHA-CHO%2C_the_Metropolis_of_TONQUEEN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Samuel_Baron_-_The_City_of_CHA-CHO%2C_the_Metropolis_of_TONQUEEN.jpg/240px-Samuel_Baron_-_The_City_of_CHA-CHO%2C_the_Metropolis_of_TONQUEEN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view of Hanoi from the Red River in 1685, manuscript from <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s archive.</div> </li> </ul> <p>In 1408, the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> attacked and occupied Vietnam, changing Đông Đô's name to Dongguan (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">東關</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Đông Quan</i>; <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'eastern gate'). In 1428, the <a href="/wiki/Lam_S%C6%A1n_uprising" title="Lam Sơn uprising">Lam Sơn uprising</a>, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_L%E1%BB%A3i" title="Lê Lợi">Lê Lợi</a>, overthrew the Chinese rule. Lê Lợi founded the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a> and renamed Đông Quan to Đông Kinh (東京) or <a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a>. During 17th century, the population of Đông Kinh was estimated by Western diplomats as about 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoudarelNguyenNguyễn200219_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoudarelNguyenNguyễn200219-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Right after the end of the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_dynasty" title="Tây Sơn dynasty">Tây Sơn dynasty</a>, it was named Bắc Thành (北城). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_Nguyễn_dynasty_and_the_French_colonial_period"><span id="During_Nguy.E1.BB.85n_dynasty_and_the_French_colonial_period"></span>During Nguyễn dynasty and the French colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: During Nguyễn dynasty and the French colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%BD_th%C3%A0nh_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Hà Nội citadel during the Nguyễn dynasty."><img alt="Map of Hà Nội citadel during the Nguyễn dynasty." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/B%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%BD_th%C3%A0nh_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.jpg/120px-B%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%BD_th%C3%A0nh_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/B%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%BD_th%C3%A0nh_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.jpg/250px-B%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%BD_th%C3%A0nh_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="825" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Hà Nội citadel during the Nguyễn dynasty.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capture_of_hanoi_1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French troops attacking the city's wall on 20 November 1873."><img alt="French troops attacking the city's wall on 20 November 1873." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Capture_of_hanoi_1873.jpg/120px-Capture_of_hanoi_1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Capture_of_hanoi_1873.jpg/250px-Capture_of_hanoi_1873.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1937" data-file-height="1023" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French troops attacking the city's wall on 20 November 1873.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evacuation_of_French_troops_from_Hanoi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French troops leaving Hanoi in February 1874"><img alt="French troops leaving Hanoi in February 1874" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Evacuation_of_French_troops_from_Hanoi.jpg/120px-Evacuation_of_French_troops_from_Hanoi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Evacuation_of_French_troops_from_Hanoi.jpg/180px-Evacuation_of_French_troops_from_Hanoi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Evacuation_of_French_troops_from_Hanoi.jpg/240px-Evacuation_of_French_troops_from_Hanoi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French troops leaving Hanoi in February 1874</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_386890201-700231668290362-6321874136485636046-n-1696671806.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ô Quan Chưởng or Đông Hà môn (東河門), built in 1749 and remained until now."><img alt="Ô Quan Chưởng or Đông Hà môn (東河門), built in 1749 and remained until now." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_386890201-700231668290362-6321874136485636046-n-1696671806.jpg/120px-I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_386890201-700231668290362-6321874136485636046-n-1696671806.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_386890201-700231668290362-6321874136485636046-n-1696671806.jpg/180px-I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_386890201-700231668290362-6321874136485636046-n-1696671806.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_386890201-700231668290362-6321874136485636046-n-1696671806.jpg/240px-I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_386890201-700231668290362-6321874136485636046-n-1696671806.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="873" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ô Quan Chưởng or Đông Hà môn (東河門), built in 1749 and remained until now.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_trie-n-la-m-a-nh-tha-nh-xu-a-pho-cu-1696679091.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old street of Hanoi in 1884 (Hàng Gai street)"><img alt="Old street of Hanoi in 1884 (Hàng Gai street)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_trie-n-la-m-a-nh-tha-nh-xu-a-pho-cu-1696679091.jpg/120px-I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_trie-n-la-m-a-nh-tha-nh-xu-a-pho-cu-1696679091.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_trie-n-la-m-a-nh-tha-nh-xu-a-pho-cu-1696679091.jpg/250px-I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_trie-n-la-m-a-nh-tha-nh-xu-a-pho-cu-1696679091.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old street of Hanoi in 1884 (Hàng Gai street)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_384832613-1098962017740420-8654642600285663600-n-1696671808.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old street of Hanoi in 1884 (Hàng Bông street)"><img alt="Old street of Hanoi in 1884 (Hàng Bông street)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_384832613-1098962017740420-8654642600285663600-n-1696671808.jpg/120px-I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_384832613-1098962017740420-8654642600285663600-n-1696671808.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_384832613-1098962017740420-8654642600285663600-n-1696671808.jpg/250px-I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07-_384832613-1098962017740420-8654642600285663600-n-1696671808.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="878" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old street of Hanoi in 1884 (Hàng Bông street)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:9343761968_c113c08f8d_o-768x575.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanoi street before French colonisation, Hàng Chiếu street in 1870s"><img alt="Hanoi street before French colonisation, Hàng Chiếu street in 1870s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/9343761968_c113c08f8d_o-768x575.jpg/120px-9343761968_c113c08f8d_o-768x575.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/9343761968_c113c08f8d_o-768x575.jpg/250px-9343761968_c113c08f8d_o-768x575.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hanoi street before French colonisation, Hàng Chiếu street in 1870s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pho-Cau-Go-1-1727691706.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rue du Point en Bois (now Cầu Gỗ street)"><img alt="Rue du Point en Bois (now Cầu Gỗ street)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pho-Cau-Go-1-1727691706.jpg/120px-Pho-Cau-Go-1-1727691706.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pho-Cau-Go-1-1727691706.jpg/180px-Pho-Cau-Go-1-1727691706.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pho-Cau-Go-1-1727691706.jpg/240px-Pho-Cau-Go-1-1727691706.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1965" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rue du Point en Bois (now Cầu Gỗ street)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pho-Hang-Dao-1-1727770693.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hàng Đào street and tram railway in late 1890s"><img alt="Hàng Đào street and tram railway in late 1890s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pho-Hang-Dao-1-1727770693.jpg/120px-Pho-Hang-Dao-1-1727770693.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pho-Hang-Dao-1-1727770693.jpg/250px-Pho-Hang-Dao-1-1727770693.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hàng Đào street and tram railway in late 1890s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cua-Bac-Hoang-thanh-1-1727770085.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Northern gate of Hanoi citadel, the only one survived until now."><img alt="Northern gate of Hanoi citadel, the only one survived until now." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cua-Bac-Hoang-thanh-1-1727770085.jpg/120px-Cua-Bac-Hoang-thanh-1-1727770085.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cua-Bac-Hoang-thanh-1-1727770085.jpg/180px-Cua-Bac-Hoang-thanh-1-1727770085.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cua-Bac-Hoang-thanh-1-1727770085.jpg/240px-Cua-Bac-Hoang-thanh-1-1727770085.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Northern gate of Hanoi citadel, the only one survived until now.</div> </li> </ul> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> was established in 1802, <a href="/wiki/Gia_Long" title="Gia Long">Gia Long</a> moved the capital to <a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a>. Thăng Long was no longer the capital, and its <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a> was changed from 昇龍 (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">ascending dragon</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) to the homophone 昇隆 (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">ascent and prosperity</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), in order to reduce any loyalist sentiment towards the old Lê dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emperors of Vietnam usually used <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_dragon" title="Vietnamese dragon">dragon</a> (龍 <i>long</i>) as a symbol of their imperial strength and power. In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor <a href="/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Minh Mạng">Minh Mạng</a> renamed it Hà Nội (河內). Hanoi was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanoi_(1873)" title="Battle of Hanoi (1873)">conquered and briefly occupied</a> by the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French</a> military in late 1873 and passed to them <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanoi_(1882)" title="Battle of Hanoi (1882)">ten years later</a>. As Hanoi, it was located in the <a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">protectorate of Tonkin</a> and became the capital of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> in 1902. Nominally it still belonged to the sovereignty of Vietnam (<a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a>) under French protectorate in Tonkin, but since 1888 it had been a French concession and had directly been ruled by the French like <a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">Cochinchina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_WWII,_First_Indochina_War,_and_the_Vietnam_War"><span id="During_WWII.2C_First_Indochina_War.2C_and_the_Vietnam_War"></span>During WWII, First Indochina War, and the Vietnam War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: During WWII, First Indochina War, and the Vietnam War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PP0045541_Arriv%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Hanoi_de_Mr_Jessup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PP0045541_Arriv%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Hanoi_de_Mr_Jessup.jpg/220px-PP0045541_Arriv%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Hanoi_de_Mr_Jessup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PP0045541_Arriv%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Hanoi_de_Mr_Jessup.jpg/330px-PP0045541_Arriv%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Hanoi_de_Mr_Jessup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PP0045541_Arriv%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Hanoi_de_Mr_Jessup.jpg/440px-PP0045541_Arriv%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Hanoi_de_Mr_Jessup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2189" data-file-height="1485" /></a><figcaption>French High Commissioner in Indochina and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vietnam" title="State of Vietnam">State of Vietnam</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Phan_Long" title="Nguyễn Phan Long">Nguyễn Phan Long</a> visit Hanoi, 27 January 1951.</figcaption></figure> <p>French Indochina including Hanoi was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Armed_Forces" title="Imperial Japanese Armed Forces">Imperial Japanese Armed Forces</a> in September 1940, after the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a>. Japan overthrew the French rule in Hanoi in March 1945. After the <a href="/wiki/August_Revolution" title="August Revolution">fall</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Empire of Vietnam</a>, it became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">Democratic Republic of Vietnam</a> (DRV) when <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a> proclaimed the independence of Vietnam on 2 September 1945. However, the French returned and reoccupied the city in February 1947. After France recognized Vietnam's nominal independence with the Hạ Long Bay Preliminary Agreement on 5 June 1948, Hanoi became under the control of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vietnam" title="State of Vietnam">State of Vietnam</a> from 1949 to 1954, an <a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">associated state</a> within the <a href="/wiki/French_Union" title="French Union">French Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This state gained full independence with the Matignon Accords on 4 June 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner197593_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner197593-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After nine years of fighting between the French and DRV forces, Hanoi became the capital of <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> when this territory became a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign country</a> and Vietnam became <a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">divided</a> on 21 July 1954. The army of the French Union withdrew that year and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">People's Army of Vietnam</a> of the DRV and <a href="/wiki/International_Control_Commission" title="International Control Commission">International Control Commission</a> occupied the city on 10 October the same year under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> between North and South (1955–1975), Hanoi and North Vietnam were attacked by the United States and <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnamese</a> Air Forces. Following the end of the war with the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">fall of Saigon</a>, Hanoi became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Socialist Republic of Vietnam</a> when North and South Vietnam were reunited on 2 July 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Hanoi">Modern Hanoi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modern Hanoi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Police_station_Hoan_Kiem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Police_station_Hoan_Kiem.jpg/220px-Police_station_Hoan_Kiem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Police_station_Hoan_Kiem.jpg/330px-Police_station_Hoan_Kiem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Police_station_Hoan_Kiem.jpg/440px-Police_station_Hoan_Kiem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>A local police station in a <a href="/wiki/French_Colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial">French Colonial</a> building by <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàn Kiếm lake">Hoàn Kiếm lake</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 21 December 1978, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly of Vietnam</a> approved a law to expand Hanoi's borders, absorbing the districts of <a href="/wiki/Ba_V%C3%AC_district" title="Ba Vì district">Ba Vì</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_Th%E1%BA%A5t_district" title="Thạch Thất district">Thạch Thất</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_Th%E1%BB%8D_district" title="Phúc Thọ district">Phúc Thọ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90an_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_district" title="Đan Phượng district">Đan Phượng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0i_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_district" title="Hoài Đức district">Hoài Đức</a>, and the town of <a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y,_Hanoi" title="Sơn Tây, Hanoi">Sơn Tây</a> from <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_S%C6%A1n_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Hà Sơn Bình province">Hà Sơn Bình Province</a>, and the districts of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AA_Linh_district" title="Mê Linh district">Mê Linh</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3c_S%C6%A1n_district" title="Sóc Sơn district">Sóc Sơn</a> from <a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ph%C3%BA_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Vĩnh Phú Province">Vĩnh Phú Province</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ph%C3%BA_(t%E1%BB%89nh)" class="extiw" title="vi:Vĩnh Phú (tỉnh)">vi</a>]</span>. The five districts annexed from Hà Sơn Bình would be given to <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C3%A2y_province" title="Hà Tây province">Hà Tây</a> and Mê Linh to <a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ph%C3%BAc_province" title="Vĩnh Phúc province">Vĩnh Phúc</a> in 1991; they would be re-annexed into Hanoi in 2008. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới">Đổi Mới</a> economic policies were approved in 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a> and national and municipal governments hoped to attract international investments for <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban development</a> projects in Hanoi.<sup id="cite_ref-Logan_2005_559–575_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Logan_2005_559–575-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-rise commercial buildings did not begin to appear until ten years later due to the international investment community being skeptical of the security of their investments in Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-Logan_2005_559–575_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Logan_2005_559–575-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rapid urban development and rising costs displaced many residential areas in central Hanoi.<sup id="cite_ref-Logan_2005_559–575_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Logan_2005_559–575-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a short period of economic stagnation after the <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a>, Hanoi resumed its rapid economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Logan_2005_559–575_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Logan_2005_559–575-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 May 2008, it was decided that <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C3%A2y_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Tây Province">Hà Tây Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ph%C3%BAc_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Vĩnh Phúc Province">Vĩnh Phúc Province</a>'s <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AA_Linh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mê Linh District">Mê Linh District</a> and four communes in <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_S%C6%A1n_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lương Sơn District">Lương Sơn District</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hòa Bình Province">Hòa Bình Province</a> be merged into the metropolitan area of Hanoi from 1 August 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanoi's total area then increased to 334,470 hectares in 29 subdivisions<sup id="cite_ref-dantri.com.vn_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri.com.vn-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the new population being 6,232,940,<sup id="cite_ref-dantri.com.vn_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dantri.com.vn-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> effectively tripling its size. The <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Capital_Region" title="Hanoi Capital Region">Hanoi Capital Region</a> (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Vùng Thủ đô Hà Nội</i></span>), a metropolitan area covering Hanoi and six surrounding provinces under its administration, will have an area of 13,436 square kilometres (5,188 sq mi) with 15 million people by 2020. </p><p>Hanoi has experienced rapid expansion in its modern period, accompanied by a construction boom. Skyscrapers, appearing in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked 39th by <a href="/wiki/Emporis" title="Emporis">Emporis</a> in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Landmark_72_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower">Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower</a> (336 m, second tallest in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City's <a href="/wiki/Landmark_81" title="Landmark 81">Landmark 81</a> and third tallest in south-east Asia after Malaysia's <a href="/wiki/Petronas_Towers" title="Petronas Towers">Petronas Towers</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Lotte_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanoi Lotte Center">Hanoi Lotte Center</a> (272 m, also, third tallest in Vietnam). </p><p>Public outcry in opposition to the redevelopment of culturally significant areas in Hanoi persuaded the national government to implement a low-rise policy surrounding <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_Lake" title="Hoàn Kiếm Lake">Hoàn Kiếm Lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Logan_2005_559–575_67-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Logan_2005_559–575-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba Đình District">Ba Đình District</a> is also protected from commercial redevelopment.<sup id="cite_ref-Logan_2005_559–575_67-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Logan_2005_559–575-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 September 2023, at least 56 people died in a huge <a href="/wiki/2023_Hanoi_building_fire" title="2023 Hanoi building fire">fire in an apartment block</a> in Hanoi. The fire highlighted the lack of adequate fire safety measures in many newly constructed apartments in the rapidly expanding city.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location,_topography"><span id="Location.2C_topography"></span>Location, topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Location, topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hanoi is a landlocked municipality in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">northern region of Vietnam</a>, situated in Vietnam's Red River delta, nearly 90 km (56 mi) from the coast. Hanoi contains three basic kinds of terrain, which are the delta area, the midland area and the mountainous zone. In general, the terrain becomes gradually lower from north to south and from west to east, with the average height ranging from 5 to 20 meters above sea level. Hills and mountainous zones are located in the northern and western parts of the city. The highest peak is at Ba Vi with 1281 m, located west of the city proper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> Hanoi, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.45em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">23</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.88em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.88em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.38em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.492em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">25</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.16em;height:0.92em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.08em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.66em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.94em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">47</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.68em;height:0.96em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.64em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.18em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.836em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">92</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.38em;height:1.16em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.54em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.88em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.708em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">185</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.96em;height:1.42em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.38em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.46em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:5.066em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">253</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.28em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.68em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.78em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:5.602em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">280</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.3em;height:1.38em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.68em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:6.188em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">309</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.22em;height:1.3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.52em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.72em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.566em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">228</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.04em;height:1.26em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.54em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.814em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">141</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.56em;height:1.28em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.84em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.06em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.334em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">67</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.86em;height:1.28em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.36em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.404em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">20</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.16em;height:1.24em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.66em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.45em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.88em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.88em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">67</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.38em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">58</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.492em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.16em;height:0.92em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.08em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">69</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.66em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">60</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.94em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.68em;height:0.96em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.64em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">74</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.18em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">65</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.836em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.38em;height:1.16em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.54em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">82</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.88em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">71</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.708em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">7.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.96em;height:1.42em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.38em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">89</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.46em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:5.066em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">10</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.28em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.68em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">92</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.78em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">80</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:5.602em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">11</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.3em;height:1.38em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.68em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">92</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">80</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:6.188em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">12</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.22em;height:1.3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.52em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">91</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.72em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.566em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.04em;height:1.26em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">89</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.54em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.814em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.56em;height:1.28em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.84em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">85</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.06em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">73</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.334em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.86em;height:1.28em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">78</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.36em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">67</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.404em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.16em;height:1.24em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">72</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.66em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">60</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When using the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Hanoi is categorized as having a monsoon-influenced <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">Cwa</a>)</i><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with plentiful precipitation like other places in Northern Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-Peel_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peel-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city experiences the typical climate of Northern Vietnam, with four distinct seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summer, from May to September, is characterized by hot and humid weather with abundant rainfall, and few dry days.<sup id="cite_ref-vietnamUNEP_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vietnamUNEP-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-climate_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hot, dry conditions caused by westerly winds during summer are rare.<sup id="cite_ref-vietnamUNEP_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vietnamUNEP-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup> From October to November comprise the fall season, characterized by a decrease in temperature and precipitation, this time in the year mostly are warm and mild.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winters, from December to February, are characterized as being cool by the northeast monsoon, giving Hanoi a dry winter and large amount of sunshine. Spring, from March until the end of April, Hanoi is usually characterized with large amounts of drizzle and little sunshine due to the strong activity of the southeast monsoon blowing moisture from the sea inland.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vietnamUNEP_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vietnamUNEP-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup> The city is usually cloudy and foggy in this time, averaging only 1.5 hours of sunshine per day in February and March. The city occasionally experiences <a href="/wiki/Cold_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold waves">cold waves</a> from the Northeast originating from the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_High" title="Siberian High">Siberian High</a>. Hanoi is the only capital of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical climate">subtropical climate</a>. </p><p>The region has a positive <a href="/wiki/Water_balance" title="Water balance">water balance</a> (i.e. the precipitation exceeds the <a href="/wiki/Potential_evapotranspiration" title="Potential evapotranspiration">potential evapotranspiration</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanoi averages 1,612 millimetres (63.5 in) of rainfall per year, the majority falling from May to October. There are an average of 114 days with rain.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_74-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average annual temperature is 23.6 °C (74 °F), with a mean relative humidity of more than 80%. The coldest month has a mean temperature of 16.4 °C (61.5 °F) and the hottest month has a mean temperature of 29.2 °C (84.6 °F). The highest recorded temperature was 42.8 °C (109 °F) in May 1926, while the lowest recorded temperature was 2.7 °C (37 °F) on 12 January 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_74-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city have also experienced extremely hot weather on 4 June 2017 due to <a href="/wiki/La_Ni%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Niña">La Niña</a>, with the temperature reached up to 42.5 °C (108.5 °F) in a week. Hanoi can sometimes experience snow in winter. The most recent snow happened on <a href="/wiki/Ba_V%C3%AC_mountain_range" title="Ba Vì mountain range">Ba Vì mountain range</a>, and the temperature fell to 0 °C (32 °F) on 24 January 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for downtown Hanoi (<a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_district" title="Đống Đa district">Đống Đa district</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.5<br />(106.7) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.8<br />(105.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7<br />(103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(0.89) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(0.97) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0<br />(1.85) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.8<br />(3.61) </td> <td style="background: #00E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.4<br />(7.30) </td> <td style="background: #007700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">253.3<br />(9.97) </td> <td style="background: #005C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">280.1<br />(11.03) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">309.4<br />(12.18) </td> <td style="background: #009E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">228.3<br />(8.99) </td> <td style="background: #2DFF2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.7<br />(5.54) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(0.80) </td> <td style="background: #2BFF2B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,670.1<br />(65.75) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.9 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.6 </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.8 </td> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.6 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.5 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">147.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000C9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000C9; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #7D7D7D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.7 </td> <td style="background: #606060; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.1 </td> <td style="background: #535353; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.5 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.4 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.7 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.0 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.1 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.4 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.3 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.6 </td> <td style="background: #B3B373; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.0 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,488.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology<sup id="cite_ref-IBST1_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBST1-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Extremes<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Đông District">Hà Đông District</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(103.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.3<br />(106.3) </td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.5<br />(108.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.5<br />(108.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(1.11) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(1.04) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(1.77) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.1<br />(3.27) </td> <td style="background: #00E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.4<br />(7.46) </td> <td style="background: #009700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">232.5<br />(9.15) </td> <td style="background: #008200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">254.6<br />(10.02) </td> <td style="background: #004800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">293.5<br />(11.56) </td> <td style="background: #009D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">228.8<br />(9.01) </td> <td style="background: #00EA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.8<br />(7.28) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.4<br />(3.44) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(1.45) </td> <td style="background: #29FF29; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,687.6<br />(66.44) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.3 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">149.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000BF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000B7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">84.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #787878; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.7 </td> <td style="background: #636363; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.7 </td> <td style="background: #5B5B5B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.1 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.8 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.2 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.1 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.9 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.4 </td> <td style="background: #C2C218; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.1 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.2 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110.3 </td> <td style="background: #B8B851; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,477.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology<sup id="cite_ref-IBST_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBST-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y" class="mw-redirect" title="Sơn Tây">Sơn Tây</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.4<br />(104.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(104.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(1.01) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(0.97) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.3<br />(1.70) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.1<br />(3.78) </td> <td style="background: #00BB00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">216.6<br />(8.53) </td> <td style="background: #006900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">262.9<br />(10.35) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">311.8<br />(12.28) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">314.6<br />(12.39) </td> <td style="background: #00A400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">224.3<br />(8.83) </td> <td style="background: #12FF12; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.4<br />(6.24) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(0.87) </td> <td style="background: #21FF21; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,751.2<br />(68.94) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.6 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.5 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #2E2EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.9 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.5 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">149.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000B2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000BE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000B7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000CA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">84.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #777777; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.5 </td> <td style="background: #616161; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.8 </td> <td style="background: #5A5A5A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.3 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.4 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.4 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.1 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.4 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.5 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.3 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.5 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.9 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,494.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology<sup id="cite_ref-IBST_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBST-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Ba_V%C3%AC_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba Vì District">Ba Vì District</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2<br />(106.2) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.8<br />(105.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(1.08) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(1.29) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.9<br />(2.04) </td> <td style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.2<br />(3.83) </td> <td style="background: #007500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">263.4<br />(10.37) </td> <td style="background: #005400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">276.1<br />(10.87) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">328.0<br />(12.91) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">344.9<br />(13.58) </td> <td style="background: #008400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">245.4<br />(9.66) </td> <td style="background: #00E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.9<br />(7.48) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.2<br />(2.21) </td> <td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(0.88) </td> <td style="background: #0AFF0A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,935.6<br />(76.20) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.5 </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.6 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.5 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.5 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.4 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">157.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000B2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">84.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #737373; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.2 </td> <td style="background: #646464; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.3 </td> <td style="background: #585858; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.2 </td> <td style="background: #959595; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.9 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">157.0 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.8 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.3 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.9 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.1 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.8 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.4 </td> <td style="background: #B4B46D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.0 </td> <td style="background: #B8B851; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,477.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology<sup id="cite_ref-IBST_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBST-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.png/250px-B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.png/375px-B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.png/500px-B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2996" /></a><figcaption>Administrative divisions of Hanoi</figcaption></figure><p>Hà Nội is divided into 12 urban districts, 1 district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. When <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C3%A2y_province" title="Hà Tây province">Hà Tây</a> was merged into Hanoi in 2008, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Đông District">Hà Đông</a> was transformed into an urban district while <a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y" class="mw-redirect" title="Sơn Tây">Sơn Tây</a> is demoted to a district-level town. They are further subdivided into 22 commune-level towns (or townlets), 399 communes, and 145 wards. </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="margin:auto; width:100%; background:#f9f9f9; border:1px #aaa solid; margin-top:16px;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lavender; font-size:95%;">Administrative divisions of Hanoi </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:100%; background:#f9f9f9;"> <table class="sortable" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="background:#f9f9f9; font-size:90%; text-align:right; width:100%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left; border-bottom:2px solid #ccf; padding-left:10px; white-space:nowrap;">Name </th> <th style="border-bottom:2px solid #ccf;">Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th style="border-bottom:2px solid #ccf;">Population </th> <th style="border-bottom:2px solid #ccf;">Population density </th> <th style="border-bottom:2px solid #ccf;">Subdivisions </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:30px;"><i><b>12 urban districts (Quận)</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_district" title="Ba Đình district">Ba Đình district</a> </td> <td>9.21</td> <td>223,100</td> <td><i>24223.7</i></td> <td><i>14 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm_district" title="Bắc Từ Liêm district">Bắc Từ Liêm district</a> </td> <td>45.25</td> <td>359,200</td> <td><i>7938.1</i> </td> <td><i>13 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_district" title="Cầu Giấy district">Cầu Giấy district</a> </td> <td>12.38</td> <td>294,500</td> <td><i>23788.4</i></td> <td><i>8 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_district" title="Đống Đa district">Đống Đa district</a> </td> <td>9.95</td> <td>377,900</td> <td><i>37979.9</i></td> <td><i>21 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_district" title="Hà Đông district">Hà Đông district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>49.64</td> <td>435,500</td> <td><i>8773.2</i></td> <td><i>17 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hai_B%C3%A0_Tr%C6%B0ng_district" title="Hai Bà Trưng district">Hai Bà Trưng district</a> </td> <td>10.26</td> <td>293,900</td> <td><i>28645.2</i></td> <td><i>18 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_district" title="Hoàn Kiếm district">Hoàn Kiếm district</a> </td> <td>5.35</td> <td>140,200</td> <td><i>26205.6</i></td> <td><i>18 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Mai_district,_Hanoi" title="Hoàng Mai district, Hanoi">Hoàng Mai district</a> </td> <td>40.19</td> <td>539,800</td> <td><i>13431.2</i></td> <td><i>14 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn_district" title="Long Biên district">Long Biên district</a> </td> <td>60.09</td> <td>342,700</td> <td><i>5703.1</i></td> <td><i>14 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nam_T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm_district" title="Nam Từ Liêm district">Nam Từ Liêm district</a> </td> <td>32.17</td> <td>290,500</td> <td><i>9030.2</i></td> <td><i>10 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_H%E1%BB%93_district" title="Tây Hồ district">Tây Hồ district</a> </td> <td>24.38</td> <td>166,600</td> <td><i>6833.5</i></td> <td><i>8 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Xu%C3%A2n_district" title="Thanh Xuân district">Thanh Xuân district</a> </td> <td>9.17</td> <td>293,400</td> <td><i>31995.6</i></td> <td><i>11 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:beige;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:30px; white-space:nowrap;"><b>Subtotal</b> </td> <td>308.04</td> <td>3,757,300</td> <td><i>12,197</i></td> <td><i>166 wards</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:30px;"><i><b>1 district-level town (Thị xã)</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y,_Hanoi" title="Sơn Tây, Hanoi">Sơn Tây</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>117.20</td> <td>156,500</td> <td><i>1335.3</i></td> <td><i>9 wards, 6 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:left; padding-left:30px;"><i><b>17 rural districts (Huyện)</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ba_V%C3%AC_district" title="Ba Vì district">Ba Vì district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>421.80</td> <td>307,600</td> <td><i>729.3</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 30 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_M%E1%BB%B9_district" title="Chương Mỹ district">Chương Mỹ district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>237.48</td> <td>351,200</td> <td><i>1478.9</i></td> <td><i>2 commune-level towns, 30 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90an_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_district" title="Đan Phượng district">Đan Phượng district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>77.83</td> <td>186,100</td> <td><i>2391.1</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 15 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Anh_district" title="Đông Anh district">Đông Anh district</a> </td> <td>185.68</td> <td>411,700</td> <td><i>2217.3</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 23 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gia_L%C3%A2m_district" title="Gia Lâm district">Gia Lâm district</a> </td> <td>116.64</td> <td>299,800</td> <td><i>2570.3</i></td> <td><i>2 commune-level towns, 20 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0i_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_district" title="Hoài Đức district">Hoài Đức district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>84.92</td> <td>282,300</td> <td><i>3324.3</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 19 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%AA_Linh_district" title="Mê Linh district">Mê Linh district</a> </td> <td>141.29</td> <td>254,400</td> <td><i>1800.6</i></td> <td><i>2 commune-level towns, 16 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_district" title="Mỹ Đức district">Mỹ Đức district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>226.31</td> <td>210,200</td> <td><i>928.8</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 21 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Xuy%C3%AAn_district" title="Phú Xuyên district">Phú Xuyên district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>173.56</td> <td>231,900</td> <td><i>1336.1</i></td> <td><i>2 commune-level towns, 25 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_Th%E1%BB%8D_district" title="Phúc Thọ district">Phúc Thọ district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>118.50</td> <td>195,300</td> <td><i>1648.1</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 20 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_Oai_district" title="Quốc Oai district">Quốc Oai district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>151.22</td> <td>204,400</td> <td><i>1351.7</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 20 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3c_S%C6%A1n_district" title="Sóc Sơn district">Sóc Sơn district</a> </td> <td>305.51</td> <td>361,200</td> <td><i>1182.3</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 25 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_Th%E1%BA%A5t_district" title="Thạch Thất district">Thạch Thất district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>187.53</td> <td>226,000</td> <td><i>1205.1</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 22 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Oai_district" title="Thanh Oai district">Thanh Oai district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>124.47</td> <td>225,900</td> <td><i>1814.9</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 20 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Tr%C3%AC_district" title="Thanh Trì district">Thanh Trì district</a> </td> <td>63.49</td> <td>294,100</td> <td><i>4632.2</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 15 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f5f5f5;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_T%C3%ADn_district" title="Thường Tín district">Thường Tín district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>130.13</td> <td>263,800</td> <td><i>2027.2</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 28 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:6px; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%A8ng_H%C3%B2a_district" title="Ứng Hòa district">Ứng Hòa district</a><sup>HT</sup> </td> <td>188.24</td> <td>215,900</td> <td><i>1146.9</i></td> <td><i>1 commune-level town, 28 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:beige;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:30px; white-space:nowrap;"><b>Subtotal</b> </td> <td>2934.6</td> <td>4,518,800</td> <td><i>1,539</i></td> <td><i>377 communes và 21 commune-level towns</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#e0ffff;"> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:30px; white-space:nowrap;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td>3,359.84</td> <td>8,435,600</td> <td><i>2510.7</i></td> <td><i>175 wards, 383 communes và 21 commune-level towns</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; background:#f9f9f9; font-size:90%;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small>Source: <i>Niên giám thống kê Hà Nội 2022</i><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>HT</sup> – formerly an administrative subdivision unit of the defunct Hà Tây Province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the French colonial period, as the capital of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>, Hanoi attracted a considerable number of French, Chinese and Vietnamese from the surrounding areas. In the 1940s the population of the city was 132,145.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a>, many French and Chinese people left the city to either move south or repatriate. </p><p>Hanoi's population only started to increase rapidly in the second half 20th century. In 1954, the city had 53 thousand inhabitants, covering an area of 152 km<sup>2</sup>. By 1961, the area of the city had expanded to 584 km<sup>2</sup>, and the population was 91,000 people. In 1978, <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly (Vietnam)</a> decided to expand Hanoi for the second time to 2,136 km<sup>2</sup>, with a population of 2.5 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-papin_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papin-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1991, the area of Hanoi continued to change, decreasing to 924 km<sup>2</sup> (357 sq mi), but the population was still over 2 million people. During the 1990s, Hanoi's population increased steadily, reaching 2,672,122 people in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the most recent expansion in August 2008, Hanoi has a population of 6.233 million and is among the 17 capitals with the largest area in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-morong_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morong-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2009 census, Hanoi's population is 6,451,909 people.<sup id="cite_ref-TK2009_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TK2009-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1 April 2019, Hanoi had a population of 8,053,663, including 3,991,919 males and 4,061,744 females.<sup id="cite_ref-census2019_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population living in urban areas is 3,962,310 people, accounting for 49.2% and in rural areas is 4,091,353 people, accounting for 50.8%. Hanoi is the second most populous city in the country, after <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a> (8,993,082 people). The average annual population growth rate from 2009 to 2019 of Hanoi is 2.22%/year, higher than the national growth rate (1.14%/year) and is the second highest in the Red River Delta, only after <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bắc Ninh Province">Bắc Ninh Province</a> (2.90% / year). </p><p>Nowadays, the city is both a major metropolitan area of Northern Vietnam, and also the country's cultural and political centre, putting a lot of pressure on the infrastructure, some of which is antiquated and dates back to the early 20th century. It has over eight million residents within the <a href="/wiki/City_proper" title="City proper">city proper</a> and an estimated population of 20 million within the <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Capital_Region" title="Hanoi Capital Region">metropolitan area</a>. </p><p>The number of Hanoians who have settled down for more than three generations is likely to be very small when compared to the overall population of the city. Even in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Quarter,_Hanoi" title="Old Quarter, Hanoi">Old Quarter</a>, where commerce started hundreds of years ago and consisted mostly of family businesses, many of the street-front stores nowadays are owned by merchants and retailers from other provinces. The original owner family may have either rented out the store and moved into the adjoining house or moved out of the neighborhood altogether. The pace of change has especially escalated after the abandonment of central-planning economic policies and relaxing of the district-based household registrar system.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanoi's <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Vietnam" title="Telephone numbers in Vietnam">telephone numbers</a> have been increased to 8 digits to cope with demand (October 2008). Subscribers' telephone numbers have been changed in a haphazard way; however, mobile phones and <a href="/wiki/Subscriber_identity_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Subscriber identity module">SIM cards</a> are readily available in Vietnam, with <a href="/wiki/Prepaid_mobile_phone" title="Prepaid mobile phone">pre-paid mobile phone credit</a> available in all areas of Hanoi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Three_teachings" title="Three teachings">three teachings</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">tam giáo</i>) of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_Vietnam" title="Taoism in Vietnam">Taoism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> have been the main religions of Hanoi for many years. Most people consider themselves Buddhist, though not all of them regularly follow religion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">List of ethnic groups in Vietnam</a></div> <p>There are more than 50 ethnic groups in Hanoi, of which the <a href="/wiki/Kinh_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinh people">Viet</a> (Kinh) is the largest; according to official Vietnamese figures (2019 census), accounting for 98.66% of the population, followed by <a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a> at 0.77% and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_people" title="Tày people">Tày</a> at 0.24%.<sup id="cite_ref-census2019_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg/215px-Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg/323px-Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg/430px-Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Vietnam" title="State Bank of Vietnam">State Bank of Vietnam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to a recent ranking by <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a>, Hanoi and <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a> will be amongst the fastest-growing cities in the world in terms of GDP growth from 2008 to 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the year 2013, Hanoi contributed 12.6% to GDP, exported 7.5% of total exports, contributed 17% to the national budget and attracted 22% investment capital of Vietnam. The city's nominal GDP at current prices reached 451,213 billion VND (US$21.48 billion) in 2013, which made per capita GDP stand at 63.3 million VND (US$3,000).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Industrial production in the city has experienced a rapid boom since the 1990s, with average annual growth of 19.1 percent from 1991 to 1995, 15.9 percent from 1996 to 2000, and 20.9 percent during 2001–2003. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition to eight existing industrial parks, Hanoi is building five new large-scale industrial parks and 16 small- and medium-sized industrial clusters. The non-state economic sector is expanding fast, with more than 48,000 businesses operating under the Enterprise Law (as of 3/2007).<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newone_-_Vincom_Mega_Mall_Times_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Newone_-_Vincom_Mega_Mall_Times_City.jpg/250px-Newone_-_Vincom_Mega_Mall_Times_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Newone_-_Vincom_Mega_Mall_Times_City.jpg/330px-Newone_-_Vincom_Mega_Mall_Times_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Newone_-_Vincom_Mega_Mall_Times_City.jpg/500px-Newone_-_Vincom_Mega_Mall_Times_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3835" data-file-height="2874" /></a><figcaption>A shopping center in Hanoi owned by <a href="/wiki/Vingroup" title="Vingroup">Vingroup</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Trade is another strong sector of the city. In 2003, Hanoi had 2,000 businesses engaged in foreign trade, having established ties with 161 countries and territories. The city's export value grew by an average 11.6 percent each year from 1996 to 2000 and 9.1 percent during 2001–2003. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The economic structure also underwent important shifts, with tourism, finance, and banking now playing an increasingly important role. Hanoi's traditional business districts are <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàn Kiếm District">Hoàn Kiếm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hai_B%C3%A0_Tr%C6%B0ng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai Bà Trưng District">Hai Bà Trưng</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Đống Đa District">Đống Đa</a>; and newly developing <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cầu Giấy District">Cầu Giấy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nam_T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nam Từ Liêm">Nam Từ Liêm</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm" class="mw-redirect" title="Bắc Từ Liêm">Bắc Từ Liêm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanh_Xu%C3%A2n" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanh Xuân">Thanh Xuân</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Đông District">Hà Đông</a> in the west. </p><p>Similar to <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, Hanoi enjoys a rapidly developing real estate market.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable new urban areas are central Trung Hòa Nhân Chính, <a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_%C4%90%C3%ACnh" title="Mỹ Đình">Mỹ Đình</a>, the luxurious zones of The Manor, Ciputra, Royal City in the Nguyễn Trãi Street (Thanh Xuân District) and Times City in the Hai Bà Trưng District. With an estimated nominal GDP of US$42.04 billion as of 2019, it is the second most productive economic area of Vietnam (after <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Vietnam" title="Agriculture in Vietnam">Agriculture</a>, previously a pillar in Hanoi's economy, has striven to reform itself, introducing new high-yield plant varieties and livestock, and applying modern farming techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the economic reforms that initiated economic growth, Hanoi's appearance has also changed significantly, especially in recent years. Infrastructure is constantly being upgraded, with new roads and an improved public transportation system.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanoi has allowed many fast-food chains into the city, such as <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotteria" title="Lotteria">Lotteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Hut" title="Pizza Hut">Pizza Hut</a>, <a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a>, and others. Locals in Hanoi perceive the ability to purchase "<a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast-food</a>" as an indication of luxury and permanent fixtures.<sup id="cite_ref-Lincoln_2008_261–265_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lincoln_2008_261–265-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, city officials are motivated by food safety concerns and their aspirations for a "modern" city to replace the 67 traditional food markets with 1,000 supermarkets by 2025. This is likely to increase consumption of less nutritious foods, as traditional markets are key for consumption of fresh rather than processed foods.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_Stock_Exchange_(18780216822).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hanoi_Stock_Exchange_%2818780216822%29.jpg/215px-Hanoi_Stock_Exchange_%2818780216822%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hanoi_Stock_Exchange_%2818780216822%29.jpg/323px-Hanoi_Stock_Exchange_%2818780216822%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hanoi_Stock_Exchange_%2818780216822%29.jpg/430px-Hanoi_Stock_Exchange_%2818780216822%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Stock_Exchange" title="Hanoi Stock Exchange">Hanoi Stock Exchange</a> in downtown Hanoi</figcaption></figure> <p>Over three-quarters of the jobs in Hanoi are state-owned. Nine percent of jobs are provided by collectively owned organizations and 13.3% of jobs are in the private sector.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure of employment has been changing rapidly as state-owned institutions downsize and private enterprises grow.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanoi has in-migration controls which allow the city to accept only people who add skills Hanoi's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2006 census found that 5,600 rural produce vendors exist in Hanoi, with 90% of them coming from surrounding rural areas. These numbers indicate the much greater earning potential in urban rather than in rural spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Lincoln_2008_261–265_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lincoln_2008_261–265-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uneducated, rural, and mostly female street vendors are depicted as participants of "<a href="/wiki/Microbusiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbusiness">microbusiness</a>" and local grassroots economic development by business reports.<sup id="cite_ref-Lincoln_2008_261–265_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lincoln_2008_261–265-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2008, Hanoi's city government devised a policy to partially ban street vendors and side-walk based commerce on 62 streets due to concerns about public health and "modernizing" the city's image to attract foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-Lincoln_2008_261–265_100-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lincoln_2008_261–265-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many foreigners believe that the vendors add a traditional and nostalgic aura to the city, although street vending was much less common prior to the 1986 <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới">Đổi Mới</a> policies.<sup id="cite_ref-Lincoln_2008_261–265_100-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lincoln_2008_261–265-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vendors have not able to form effective resistance tactics to the ban and remain embedded in the dominant capitalist framework of modern Hanoi.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanoi is part of the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a> that runs from the Chinese coast through the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a> towards the <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">southern tip of India</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>, from there through the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>, there to the Upper <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> region to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italian</a> hub of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> with its rail connections to <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Vietnam's Provincial Competitiveness Index 2023, a key tool for evaluating the business environment in Vietnam's provinces, Hanoi received a score of 67.15. This was an improvement from 2022 in which the province received a score of 66.74. In 2023, the province received its highest scores on the 'Labor Policy' and 'Time Costs' criterion and lowest on 'Access To Land' and 'Proactivity'.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructural_development">Infrastructural development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Infrastructural development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A development master plan for Hanoi was designed by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_H%C3%A9brard" title="Ernest Hébrard">Ernest Hebrard</a> in 1924, but was only partially implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous close relationship between the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and Vietnam led to the creation of the first comprehensive plan for Hanoi with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Gosplan" title="Gosplan">Soviet planners</a> between 1981 and 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was never realized because it appeared to be incompatible with Hanoi's existing layout.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, two master plans have been created to guide Hanoi's development.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first was the Hanoi Master Plan 1990–2010, approved in April 1992. It was created out of collaboration between planners from Hanoi and the National Institute of Urban and Rural Planning in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Construction_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Construction (Vietnam)">Ministry of Construction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan's three main objectives were to create housing and a new commercial center in an area known as Nghĩa Đô, expand residential and industrial areas in the <a href="/wiki/Gia_L%C3%A2m_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gia Lâm District">Gia Lâm District</a>, and develop the three southern corridors linking Hanoi to <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Đông District">Hà Đông</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thanh_Tr%C3%AC_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanh Trì District">Thanh Trì District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result of the land-use pattern was meant to resemble a five cornered star by 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, a revised version of the Hanoi Master plan was approved to be completed in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It addressed the significant increase of population projections within Hanoi. Population densities and high rise buildings in the inner city were planned to be limited to protect the old parts of inner Hanoi.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A rail transport system is planned to be built to expand public transport and link the Hanoi to surrounding areas. Projects such as airport upgrading, a golf course, and cultural villages have been approved for development by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP) and the Vietnamese government had designed a project to develop rural infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project focused on improving roads, water supply and sanitation, and educational, health and social facilities because economic development in the <a href="/wiki/Commune_(Vietnam)" title="Commune (Vietnam)">communes</a> and rural areas surrounding Hanoi is dependent on the infrastructural links between the rural and urban areas, especially for the sale of rural products.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project aimed to use locally available resources and knowledge such as compressed earth construction techniques for building. It was jointly funded by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a>, the Vietnamese government, and resources raised by the local communities and governments. In four communes, the local communities contributed 37% of the total budget.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local labor, community support, and joint funding were decided as necessary for the long-term sustainability of the project.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_society_development">Civil society development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Civil society development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part of the goals of the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới">Đổi Mới</a> economic reforms was to decentralize governance for purpose of economic improvement. This led to the establishment of the first issue-oriented civic organizations in Hanoi. In the 1990s, Hanoi experienced significant poverty alleviation as a result of both the market reforms and civil society movements.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the civic organizations in Hanoi were established after 1995, at a rate much slower than in <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organizations in Hanoi are more "tradition-bound", focused on policy, education, research, professional interests, and appealing to governmental organizations to solve social problems.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked difference from <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh's</a> civic organizations, which practice more direct intervention to tackle social issues, may be attributed to the different societal identities of North and South Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanoi-based civic organizations use more systematic development and less of a direct intervention approach to deal with issues of rural development, poverty alleviation, and environmental protection. They rely more heavily on full-time staff than volunteers. In Hanoi, 16.7% of civic organizations accept anyone as a registered member and 73.9% claim to have their own budgets, as opposed to 90.9% in <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_110-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A majority of the civic organizations in Hanoi find it difficult to work with governmental organizations. Many of the strained relations between non-governmental and governmental organizations results from <a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">statism</a>, a bias against non-state organizations on the part of government entities.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_110-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Pillar_Pagoda_Hanoi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/One_Pillar_Pagoda_Hanoi.jpg/215px-One_Pillar_Pagoda_Hanoi.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/One_Pillar_Pagoda_Hanoi.jpg/323px-One_Pillar_Pagoda_Hanoi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/One_Pillar_Pagoda_Hanoi.jpg/430px-One_Pillar_Pagoda_Hanoi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/One_Pillar_Pagoda" title="One Pillar Pagoda">One Pillar Pagoda</a> (<i>Chùa Một Cột</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>As the capital of Vietnam for almost a thousand years, Hanoi is considered one of the main cultural centres of Vietnam, where most Vietnamese dynasties have left their imprint. Even though some relics have not survived through wars and time, the city still has many interesting cultural and historic monuments for visitors and residents alike. Even when the nation's capital moved to <a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a> under the Nguyễn Dynasty in 1802, the city of Hanoi continued to flourish, especially after the French took control in 1888 and modeled the city's architecture to their tastes, lending an important aesthetic to the city's rich stylistic heritage. The city hosts more cultural sites than any other city in Vietnam,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and boasts more than 1,000 years of history; that of the past few hundred years has been well preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Quarter">Old Quarter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Old Quarter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Quarter,_Hanoi" title="Old Quarter, Hanoi">Old Quarter</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Quarter,_Hanoi_(12)_(38496654951).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Old_Quarter%2C_Hanoi_%2812%29_%2838496654951%29.jpg/250px-Old_Quarter%2C_Hanoi_%2812%29_%2838496654951%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Old_Quarter%2C_Hanoi_%2812%29_%2838496654951%29.jpg/330px-Old_Quarter%2C_Hanoi_%2812%29_%2838496654951%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Old_Quarter%2C_Hanoi_%2812%29_%2838496654951%29.jpg/500px-Old_Quarter%2C_Hanoi_%2812%29_%2838496654951%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A street in <a href="/wiki/Old_Quarter,_Hanoi" title="Old Quarter, Hanoi">Hanoi's Old Quarter</a></figcaption></figure><p>The Old Quarter, near <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_Lake" title="Hoàn Kiếm Lake">Hoàn Kiếm Lake</a>, maintains most of the original street layout and some of the architecture of old Hanoi. At the beginning of the 20th century Hanoi consisted of the "36 streets", the citadel, and some of the newer French buildings south of Hoàn Kiếm lake, most of which are now part of Hoàn Kiếm district.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogan2000[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELogan2000[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each street had merchants and households specializing in a particular trade, such as silk, jewelry or even bamboo. The street names still reflect these specializations, although few of them remain exclusively in their original commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbesHenley2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForbesHenley2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area is famous for its specializations in trades such as traditional medicine and local handicrafts, including silk shops, bamboo carpenters, and tin smiths. Local cuisine specialties as well as several clubs and bars can be found here also. A night market (near <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Xu%C3%A2n_Market" title="Đồng Xuân Market">Đồng Xuân Market</a>) in the heart of the district opens for business every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday evening with a variety of clothing, souvenirs and food. </p><p>The city's more than six decades of French colonization, as well as centuries of sociocultural influence from China, have influenced the designs of the old houses in Hanoi. The Franco-Chinese or hybrid architectural styles can be reflected in the front of a house in the co-existence of French-styled columns, Confucian scrolls, the Taoist yin-yang sign, and the Buddhist lotus sculpture.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_sites">Imperial sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Imperial sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Literature_-_main_gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Temple_of_Literature_-_main_gate.jpg/220px-Temple_of_Literature_-_main_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Temple_of_Literature_-_main_gate.jpg/330px-Temple_of_Literature_-_main_gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Temple_of_Literature_-_main_gate.jpg/440px-Temple_of_Literature_-_main_gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption>Front gate of the Temple of Literature</figcaption></figure> <p>Imperial sites are mostly in <a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba Đình District">Ba Đình District</a> and a bit of <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Đống Đa District">Đống Đa District</a>. They are juxtaposed with French colonial architecture (villas, administrative buildings and tree-lined boulevards). Some prominent edifices from feudal time include the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Literature,_Hanoi" title="Temple of Literature, Hanoi">Temple of Literature</a> (<i>Văn Miếu</i>), site of the oldest university in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> which was started in 1010, the <a href="/wiki/One_Pillar_Pagoda" title="One Pillar Pagoda">One Pillar Pagoda</a> (<i>Chùa Một Cột</i>) which was built based on the dream of king <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lý Thái Tông">Lý Thái Tông</a> (1028–1054) in 1049, and the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi" title="Flag Tower of Hanoi">Flag Tower of Hanoi</a> (<i>Cột cờ Hà Nội</i>). In 2004, a massive part of the 900-year-old <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Citadel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanoi Citadel">Hanoi Citadel</a> was discovered in central Hanoi, near the site of <a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Square" title="Ba Đình Square">Ba Đình Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lakes">Lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A city between rivers built on lowlands, Hanoi has many scenic lakes and is sometimes called the "city of lakes". Among its lakes, the most famous are <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_Lake" title="Hoàn Kiếm Lake">Hoàn Kiếm Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_(Hanoi)" title="West Lake (Hanoi)">West Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BAc_B%E1%BA%A1ch_Lake" title="Trúc Bạch Lake">Trúc Bạch Lake</a> and Bảy Mẫu Lake (inside Thống Nhất Park). Hoàn Kiếm Lake, also known as Sword Lake, is the historical and cultural center of Hanoi, and is linked to the legend of the <a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_Thi%C3%AAn_(sword)" title="Thuận Thiên (sword)">magic sword</a>. West Lake (Hồ Tây) is a popular place for people to spend time. It is the largest lake in Hanoi, with many temples in the area. The lakeside road in the Nghi Tam – Quang Ba area is perfect for bicycling, jogging and viewing the cityscape or enjoying the lotus ponds in the summer. The best way to see the majestic beauty of a West Lake sunset is to view it from one of the many bars around the lake, especially from The Summit at Pan Pacific Hanoi (formally known as Summit Lounge at Sofitel Plaza Hanoi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_Hanoi">Colonial Hanoi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Colonial Hanoi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi,_Vietnam_(12036416576).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_%2812036416576%29.jpg/220px-Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_%2812036416576%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_%2812036416576%29.jpg/330px-Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_%2812036416576%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_%2812036416576%29.jpg/440px-Hanoi%2C_Vietnam_%2812036416576%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4319" data-file-height="2398" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tonkin_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonkin Palace">Tonkin Palace</a> used to host the French Governor of <a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg/220px-Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg/330px-Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg/440px-Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1615" data-file-height="1030" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Opera_House" title="Hanoi Opera House">Hanoi Opera House</a>, taken in the early 20th century, from rue <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bert" title="Paul Bert">Paul Bert</a> (now Trang Tien street).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sofitel_Metropole,_Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sofitel_Metropole%2C_Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg/250px-Sofitel_Metropole%2C_Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sofitel_Metropole%2C_Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg/330px-Sofitel_Metropole%2C_Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sofitel_Metropole%2C_Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg/500px-Sofitel_Metropole%2C_Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n_-_2022-09-02_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sofitel_Legend_Metropole_Hanoi" title="Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi">Hotel Metropole</a> was opened in 1901</figcaption></figure> <p>Hanoi was the capital and the administrative center for <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> for most of the colonial period (from 1902 to 1945). The <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_architecture" title="French colonial architecture">French colonial architectural style</a> became dominant,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many examples remain today: tree-lined boulevards (such as Phan Dinh Phung street, Hoang Dieu street and Tran Phu street) and many villas, mansions, and government buildings. Some notable colonial structures are an eclectic mixture of French and traditional Vietnamese architectural styles, such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Vietnamese History">National Museum of Vietnamese History</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts">Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts</a> and the old <a href="/wiki/Indochina_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina Medical College">Indochina Medical College</a>. Gouveneur-Général <a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a> (1898–1902) played a crucial role in colonial Hanoi's urban planning. Under his tenure there was a major construction boom.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/French_Colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial">French Colonial</a> buildings in Hanoi are mostly in <a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba Đình District">Ba Đình District</a> and the south of <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàn Kiếm District">Hoàn Kiếm District</a>, the two <i>French Quarters</i> of the city. Notable landmarks include: </p><p><b>In Ba Đình district:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Hanoi" title="Presidential Palace, Hanoi">Presidential Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%ADa_B%E1%BA%AFc_Church" title="Cửa Bắc Church">Cửa Bắc Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs building</a></li> <li>Several ministries, government agencies and foreign embassies</li></ul> <p><b>In Hoàn Kiếm district:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Opera_House" title="Hanoi Opera House">Grand Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Hanoi" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Hanoi">St. Joseph's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn_Bridge" title="Long Biên Bridge">Long Biên Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais_(Hanoi)" title="Grand Palais (Hanoi)">Grand Palais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Vietnamese History">French School of the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofitel_Legend_Metropole_Hanoi" title="Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi">Hotel Metropole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Guest_House_(Vietnam)" title="State Guest House (Vietnam)">Tonkin Palace</a> (State Guest House)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Fa_L%C3%B2_Prison" title="Hỏa Lò Prison">Hỏa Lò Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme Court building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Medical_University" title="Hanoi Medical University">Indochina Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution" title="Vietnam Museum of Revolution">Museum of Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanoi Railway Station">Central Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Vietnam" title="State Bank of Vietnam">State Bank of Vietnam</a></li> <li>Several foreign embassies</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution.JPG/250px-Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution.JPG" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution.JPG/330px-Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution.JPG/500px-Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution" title="Vietnam Museum of Revolution">Vietnam Museum of Revolution</a>, Hanoi</figcaption></figure> <p>Hanoi is home to a number of museums: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Vietnamese History">National Museum of Vietnamese History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts">Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology" title="Vietnam Museum of Ethnology">Vietnam Museum of Ethnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution" title="Vietnam Museum of Revolution">Vietnam Museum of Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Fa_L%C3%B2_Prison" title="Hỏa Lò Prison">Hỏa Lò Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Museum" title="Ho Chi Minh Museum">Ho Chi Minh Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Contemporary_Arts_Centre" title="Hanoi Contemporary Arts Centre">Hanoi Contemporary Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Military_History_Museum" title="Vietnam Military History Museum">Vietnam Military History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Museum" title="Hanoi Museum">Hanoi Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suburbs">Suburbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Suburbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%B9a_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ch%C3%B9a_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng.jpg/215px-Ch%C3%B9a_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ch%C3%B9a_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng.jpg/323px-Ch%C3%B9a_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ch%C3%B9a_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng.jpg/430px-Ch%C3%B9a_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Perfume Pagoda in western Hanoi</figcaption></figure> <p>Hanoi's western suburbs, previously <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C3%A2y_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Tây Province">Hà Tây Province</a>, offers a number of important religious sites: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A7y_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Thầy Pagoda">Thầy Pagoda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_Oai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Quốc Oai District">Quốc Oai District</a> was established in the 11th century and dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Thi%E1%BB%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese Thiền">Vietnamese Thiền</a> <a href="/wiki/Zen_master" title="Zen master">master</a> <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Từ Đạo Hạnh">Từ Đạo Hạnh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoddLewis2003408_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoddLewis2003408-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrummondThomas2003125_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrummondThomas2003125-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERutherford2002380–81_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford2002380–81-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chua_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chua-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Temple" title="Hương Temple">Perfume Pagoda</a> is a vast complex of Buddhist temples and shrines built into the limestone Huong Tich mountains. It has a long pilgrimage route along the Yen river.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_and_French_quarters_hanoi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Old_and_French_quarters_hanoi.png/250px-Old_and_French_quarters_hanoi.png" decoding="async" width="215" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Old_and_French_quarters_hanoi.png/330px-Old_and_French_quarters_hanoi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Old_and_French_quarters_hanoi.png/500px-Old_and_French_quarters_hanoi.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption>Approximation of Hanoi's Old Quarter and French Quarters</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a>'s 2019 report, Hanoi is Vietnam's most visited city (15th in Asia Pacific), with 4.8 million overnight international visitors in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanoi is sometimes dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Paris_of_the_East_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris of the East (disambiguation)">Paris of the East</a>" for its French influences.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its tree-fringed boulevards, more than two dozen lakes and thousands of French colonial-era buildings, Hanoi is a popular tourist destination. </p><p>The tourist destinations in Hanoi are generally grouped into two main areas: the <a href="/wiki/Old_Quarter,_Hanoi" title="Old Quarter, Hanoi">Old Quarter</a> and the French Quarter(s). The "Old Quarter" is in the northern half of <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàn Kiếm District">Hoàn Kiếm District</a> with small street blocks and alleys, and a traditional Vietnamese atmosphere. Many streets in the Old Quarter have names signifying the goods ("hàng") the local merchants were or are specialized in. For example, "Hàng Bạc" (<i>silver stores</i>) still have many stores specializing in trading silver and jewelries. </p><p>Two areas are generally called the "French Quarters": the governmental area in <a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba Đình District">Ba Đình District</a> and the south of Hoàn Kiếm District. Both areas have distinctive <a href="/wiki/French_Colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial">French Colonial</a> style villas and broad tree-lined avenues. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_Train_Street_(20231225b)_(53489076293).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hanoi_Train_Street_%2820231225b%29_%2853489076293%29.jpg/250px-Hanoi_Train_Street_%2820231225b%29_%2853489076293%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hanoi_Train_Street_%2820231225b%29_%2853489076293%29.jpg/330px-Hanoi_Train_Street_%2820231225b%29_%2853489076293%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hanoi_Train_Street_%2820231225b%29_%2853489076293%29.jpg/500px-Hanoi_Train_Street_%2820231225b%29_%2853489076293%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7703" data-file-height="5135" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Train_Street" title="Hanoi Train Street">Hanoi Train Street</a>, a popular tourist destination in Hanoi.</figcaption></figure> <p>The political center of Vietnam, Ba Đình has a high concentration of Vietnamese government headquarters, including the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Hanoi" title="Presidential Palace, Hanoi">Presidential Palace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_Building_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly Building of Vietnam">National Assembly Building</a>, and several ministries and embassies, most of which used administrative buildings of colonial <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>. The <a href="/wiki/One_Pillar_Pagoda" title="One Pillar Pagoda">One Pillar Pagoda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chu_V%C4%83n_An_High_School_(Hanoi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu Văn An High School (Hanoi)">Lycée du Protectorat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Mausoleum" title="Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum">Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum</a> are also in Ba Dinh. </p><p>South of Hoàn Kiếm's "French Quarter" has several French colonial landmarks, including the <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Opera_House" title="Hanoi Opera House">Hanoi Opera House</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sofitel_Legend_Metropole_Hanoi" title="Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi">Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi</a> hotel, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Vietnamese History">National Museum of Vietnamese History</a> (formerly the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_fran%C3%A7aise_d%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="École française d'Extrême-Orient">École française d'Extrême-Orient</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Hanoi" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Hanoi">St. Joseph's Cathedral</a>. Most of the French-Colonial buildings in Hoan Kiem are now used as foreign embassies. </p><p>Northwest of the historic center, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology" title="Vietnam Museum of Ethnology">Vietnam Museum of Ethnology</a> opened in 1997, and consists of two major exhibition halls and an Architecture Garden. It is one of the most important Asian collections of traditional architecture. </p><p>Since 2014, Hanoi has consistently been voted in the world's top ten destinations by TripAdvisor. It ranked eighth in 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fourth in 2015<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and eighth in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanoi is the most affordable international destination in TripAdvisor's annual TripIndex report<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thang_Long_Water_Puppet_Theatre2_cropped.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Thang_Long_Water_Puppet_Theatre2_cropped.JPG/215px-Thang_Long_Water_Puppet_Theatre2_cropped.JPG" decoding="async" width="215" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Thang_Long_Water_Puppet_Theatre2_cropped.JPG/323px-Thang_Long_Water_Puppet_Theatre2_cropped.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Thang_Long_Water_Puppet_Theatre2_cropped.JPG/430px-Thang_Long_Water_Puppet_Theatre2_cropped.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2334" data-file-height="1737" /></a><figcaption>Performance of the water puppet theatre <i>Thăng Long</i></figcaption></figure> <p>A variety of options for entertainment in Hanoi can be found throughout the city. Modern and traditional theaters, cinemas, karaoke bars, dance clubs, bowling alleys, and an abundance of opportunities for shopping provide leisure activity for both locals and tourists. Hanoi has been named one of the top 10 cities for shopping in Asia by Water Puppet Tours.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of art galleries exhibiting Vietnamese art has dramatically increased in recent years, now including galleries such as "Nhat Huy" of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huynh_Thong_Nhat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huynh Thong Nhat (page does not exist)">Huynh Thong Nhat</a>. </p><p>Nhà Triển Lãm at 29 Hang Bai street hosts regular photo, sculpture, and paint exhibitions in conjuncture with local artists and travelling international expositions. </p><p>A popular traditional form of entertainment is <a href="/wiki/Water_puppetry" title="Water puppetry">water puppetry</a>, which is shown, for example, at the <i>Thăng Long Water Puppet Theatre.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%BAn_ch%E1%BA%A3_Vietnamese_food.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/B%C3%BAn_ch%E1%BA%A3_Vietnamese_food.jpg/215px-B%C3%BAn_ch%E1%BA%A3_Vietnamese_food.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/B%C3%BAn_ch%E1%BA%A3_Vietnamese_food.jpg/323px-B%C3%BAn_ch%E1%BA%A3_Vietnamese_food.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/B%C3%BAn_ch%E1%BA%A3_Vietnamese_food.jpg/430px-B%C3%BAn_ch%E1%BA%A3_Vietnamese_food.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAn_ch%E1%BA%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Bún chả">Bún chả</a>, a dish that originated in Hanoi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hanoi has rich culinary traditions. Many of Vietnam's most famous dishes, such as <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAn_ch%E1%BA%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Bún chả">bún chả</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A3_c%C3%A1_L%C3%A3_V%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Chả cá Lã Vọng">Chả cá Lã Vọng</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_cu%E1%BB%91n" title="Bánh cuốn">bánh cuốn</a>, bánh tôm Hồ Tây and bún thang originated in Hanoi. Bún chả, a dish consisting of charcoal roasted pork served in a sweet/salty soup with rice noodle vermicelli and lettuce, is by far the most popular food item among locals. American President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> famously tried this dish at a Le Van Huu eatery with <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bourdain" title="Anthony Bourdain">Anthony Bourdain</a> in 2016, prompting the opening of a bún chả restaurant bearing his name in the Old Quarter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indochina_Medical_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Indochina_Medical_College.jpg/250px-Indochina_Medical_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Indochina_Medical_College.jpg/330px-Indochina_Medical_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Indochina_Medical_College.jpg/500px-Indochina_Medical_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Medical_University" title="Hanoi Medical University">Hanoi Medical University</a> was the first modern university in Vietnam, established in 1902 during French colonial rule.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hanoi, as the capital of French Indochina, was home to the first Western-style universities in Indochina, including <i>Indochina Medical College</i> (1902) – now <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Medical_University" title="Hanoi Medical University">Hanoi Medical University</a>, <i>Indochina University</i> (1904) – now <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_University,_Hanoi" title="Vietnam National University, Hanoi">Hanoi National University</a> (the largest), and <i>École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de l'Indochine</i> (1925) – now <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_College_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanoi College of Fine Arts">Hanoi University of Fine Art</a>. </p><p>After the Communist Party of Vietnam took control of Hanoi in 1954, many new universities were built, most prominently the <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Hanoi University of Science and Technology">Hanoi University of Science and Technology</a>. Recently ULIS (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Languages_and_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Languages and International Studies">University of Languages and International Studies</a>) was rated as one of the top universities in south-east Asia for languages and language studies at the undergraduate level.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other universities that are not part of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_University,_Hanoi" title="Vietnam National University, Hanoi">Vietnam National University</a> or Hanoi University include Hanoi School for Public Health, Hanoi School of Agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Electric_Power_University" title="Electric Power University">Electric Power University</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Transport_and_Communications" title="University of Transport and Communications">University of Transport and Communications</a>. It is estimated that 62% of the scientists in Vietnam are living and working in Hanoi.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Admission to undergraduate study is through entrance examinations, which are conducted annually and open to everyone who has successfully completed their secondary education in the country. The majority of universities in Hanoi are public, although in recent years a number of private universities have begun operation. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C4%83ng_Long_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thăng Long University (page does not exist)">Thăng Long University</a>, founded in 1988 by Vietnamese mathematics professors in Hanoi and France,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the first private university in Vietnam. Because many of Vietnam's major universities are located in Hanoi, students from other provinces (especially in the northern part of the country) wishing to enter university often travel to Hanoi for the annual entrance examination. Such events usually take place in June and July, during which a large number of students and their families converge on the city for several weeks around the intense examination periods. In recent years, these entrance exams have been coordinated by the Ministry of Education, but entrance requirements are decided independently by each university. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_University_of_Science_and_Technology_-_DSC04501.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Hanoi_University_of_Science_and_Technology_-_DSC04501.JPG/215px-Hanoi_University_of_Science_and_Technology_-_DSC04501.JPG" decoding="async" width="215" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Hanoi_University_of_Science_and_Technology_-_DSC04501.JPG/323px-Hanoi_University_of_Science_and_Technology_-_DSC04501.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Hanoi_University_of_Science_and_Technology_-_DSC04501.JPG/430px-Hanoi_University_of_Science_and_Technology_-_DSC04501.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Hanoi University of Science and Technology">Hanoi University of Science and Technology</a>, one of the most prestigious in Vietnam.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although there are state owned <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergartens</a>, there are also many private ventures that serve both local and international needs. <a href="/wiki/Pre-tertiary-education" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-tertiary-education">Pre-tertiary</a> (elementary and secondary) schools in Hanoi are generally state run, but there are also some independent schools. Education is equivalent to the K–12 system in the U.S., with elementary school between grades 1 and 5, middle school (or junior high) between grades 6 and 9, and <a href="/wiki/High_school_(upper_secondary)" class="mw-redirect" title="High school (upper secondary)">high school</a> from grades 10 to 12. There are several specialised schools (also known as high schools for the gifted) in Hanoi where students with the most academic prowess attend. </p><p>Education levels are much higher within the city of Hanoi in comparison to the suburban areas outside the city. About 33.8% of the labor force in the city has completed secondary school in contrast to 19.4% in the suburbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 21% of the labor force in the city has completed tertiary education in contrast to 4.1% in the suburbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FORBES_2001_68–84_102-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FORBES_2001_68–84-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform">Reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Country-wide educational change is difficult in Vietnam due to the restrictive control of the government on social and economic development strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-Duggan_2001_193–212_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duggan_2001_193–212-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Hanoi government publications, the national system of education was reformed in 1950, 1956 and 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-Duggan_2001_193–212_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duggan_2001_193–212-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until 1975 when the two separate education systems of the former North and South Vietnam territories became unified under a single national system.<sup id="cite_ref-Duggan_2001_193–212_132-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duggan_2001_193–212-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Hanoi in December 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam</a> stated that: "To carry out industrialization and modernization successfully, it is necessary to develop education and training strongly [and to] maximize human resources, the key factor of fast and sustained development."<sup id="cite_ref-Duggan_2001_193–212_132-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duggan_2001_193–212-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation<span class="anchor" id="Transportation"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Buses_in_Hanoi" title="Buses in Hanoi">Buses in Hanoi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ga_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_-_NKS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ga_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_-_NKS.jpg/220px-Ga_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_-_NKS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ga_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_-_NKS.jpg/330px-Ga_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_-_NKS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ga_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_-_NKS.jpg/440px-Ga_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_-_NKS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_railway_station" title="Hanoi railway station">Hanoi railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Hanoi has 1,370 streets and roads with the total length of over 2,300 km (1,429 mi); 573 bridges, of which 483 small to middle bridges, 13 light overpasses for vehicles, 70 pedestrian overpasses and seven main bridges (Chương Dương, Vĩnh Tuy, Thanh Trì, Nhật Tân, Đông Trù, Thăng Long, and Phùng); 115 tunnels, including nine main tunnels, 39 pedestrian tunnels and 67 underpass. In total, the proportion of land for traffic in the city as of 2021 is 10.3%. The city also has 63 km (39 mi) of inland waterways, which include Yến stream, Hai stream, Cà Lồ and Đáy river.<sup id="cite_ref-Figure1_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figure1-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanoi is served by <a href="/wiki/Noi_Bai_International_Airport" title="Noi Bai International Airport">Noi Bai International Airport</a>, located in Soc Son District, approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Hanoi. The new international terminal (T2), designed and built by Japanese contractors, opened in January 2015 and is a big facelift for the airport. In addition, a new highway and the new <a href="/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_T%C3%A2n_Bridge" title="Nhật Tân Bridge">Nhat Tan cable-stay bridge</a> connecting the airport and the city center opened at the same time, offering much more convenience than the old road (via Thang Long bridge). Taxis are plentiful and usually have meters, although it is also common to agree on the trip price before taking a taxi from the airport to the city centre. </p><p>Hanoi is also the origin or departure point for many <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Railways" title="Vietnam Railways">Vietnam Railways</a> train routes in the country with 6 national railway lines passing through the city with a total length of 162 km (101 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Figure1_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figure1-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Railway_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="North–South Railway (Vietnam)">Reunification Express</a> (tàu Thống Nhất) runs from Hanoi to <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_railway_station" title="Hanoi railway station">Hanoi station</a> (formerly Hang Co station), with stops at cities and provinces along the line. Trains also depart Hanoi frequently for Hai Phong and other northern cities. The Reunification Express line was established during the French colonial rule and was completed over a period of nearly 40 years, from 1899 to 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Reunification Express between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City covers a distance of 1,726 km (1,072 mi) and takes approximately 33 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2005, there were 278 stations on the Vietnamese railway network, of which 191 were located along the north–south line. </p><p>The main means of transport within Hanoi are motorbikes, buses, taxis, and a rising number of cars. In recent decades, motorbikes have overtaken bicycles as the main form of transportation. Cars are the most notable change in the past five years as many Vietnamese people have started to purchase them for the first time. The increasing number of cars is the main cause of gridlocks, as roads and infrastructure in older parts of Hanoi were not designed to accommodate them.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 July 2017, the Hanoi government voted to ban motorbikes entirely by 2030 to reduce pollution, congestion, and encourage the expansion and use of public transport.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of vehicles registered in Hanoi as of July 2022 is over 7.6 million, including more than 1 million cars, over 6.4 million motorcycles of and 179,000 electric motorbikes. This figure does not include vehicles of the armed forces, diplomatic missions and other localities' vehicles operating in Hanoi.<sup id="cite_ref-Figure1_133-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figure1-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_Linh_Line_(Hanoi_Metro)_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cat_Linh_Line_%28Hanoi_Metro%29_interior.jpg/244px-Cat_Linh_Line_%28Hanoi_Metro%29_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cat_Linh_Line_%28Hanoi_Metro%29_interior.jpg/366px-Cat_Linh_Line_%28Hanoi_Metro%29_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cat_Linh_Line_%28Hanoi_Metro%29_interior.jpg/488px-Cat_Linh_Line_%28Hanoi_Metro%29_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4640" data-file-height="2088" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Metro_Line_2A" title="Hanoi Metro Line 2A">Cát Linh Metro Line</a></figcaption></figure> <p>People on their own or traveling in a pair who wish to make a fast trip around Hanoi to avoid traffic jams or to travel at an irregular time or by way of an irregular route often use "xe ôm" (literally, "hug bike"). Motorbikes can also be rented from agents within the Old Quarter of Hanoi, although this falls inside a grey legal area.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Discovery_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Discovery_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y.jpg/330px-Discovery_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y.jpg" decoding="async" width="291" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Discovery_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y.jpg/500px-Discovery_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Discovery_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y.jpg/960px-Discovery_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5903" data-file-height="3320" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Metro_Line_3" title="Hanoi Metro Line 3">Văn Miếu Line</a> at the Chùa Hà Station</figcaption></figure><p> There are two <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Metro" title="Hanoi Metro">metro lines</a> in Hanoi, as part of the master plan for the future <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Metro" title="Hanoi Metro">Hanoi Metro</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Line_2A_(Hanoi_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 2A (Hanoi Metro)">Line 2A</a> opened on 6 November 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Hanoi_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 3 (Hanoi Metro)">Line 3</a> began operations on 8 August 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_view_of_Line_3,_Hanoi_Metro,_passing_over_Xuan_Thuy_road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Panorama_view_of_Line_3%2C_Hanoi_Metro%2C_passing_over_Xuan_Thuy_road.jpg/463px-Panorama_view_of_Line_3%2C_Hanoi_Metro%2C_passing_over_Xuan_Thuy_road.jpg" decoding="async" width="463" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Panorama_view_of_Line_3%2C_Hanoi_Metro%2C_passing_over_Xuan_Thuy_road.jpg/695px-Panorama_view_of_Line_3%2C_Hanoi_Metro%2C_passing_over_Xuan_Thuy_road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Panorama_view_of_Line_3%2C_Hanoi_Metro%2C_passing_over_Xuan_Thuy_road.jpg/926px-Panorama_view_of_Line_3%2C_Hanoi_Metro%2C_passing_over_Xuan_Thuy_road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8843" data-file-height="2633" /></a><figcaption>Elevated section of <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Metro_Line_3" title="Hanoi Metro Line 3">Line 3 of Hanoi Metro</a> passing over Xuan Thuy road in 2024</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:My_Dinh_National_Stadium_-_31st_SEA_Games_Men%27s_Football_Final.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/My_Dinh_National_Stadium_-_31st_SEA_Games_Men%27s_Football_Final.jpg/241px-My_Dinh_National_Stadium_-_31st_SEA_Games_Men%27s_Football_Final.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/My_Dinh_National_Stadium_-_31st_SEA_Games_Men%27s_Football_Final.jpg/362px-My_Dinh_National_Stadium_-_31st_SEA_Games_Men%27s_Football_Final.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/My_Dinh_National_Stadium_-_31st_SEA_Games_Men%27s_Football_Final.jpg/482px-My_Dinh_National_Stadium_-_31st_SEA_Games_Men%27s_Football_Final.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_National_Stadium" title="Mỹ Đình National Stadium">Mỹ Đình National Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are several gymnasiums and stadiums throughout the city of Hanoi. The most approved ones are <a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_National_Stadium" title="Mỹ Đình National Stadium">Mỹ Đình National Stadium</a> (Lê Đức Thọ Boulevard), <a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_Ng%E1%BB%B1a_Sports_Palace" title="Quần Ngựa Sports Palace">Quần Ngựa Sports Palace</a> (Văn Cao Avenue), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi_Aquatics_Sports_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanoi Aquatics Sports Complex (page does not exist)">Hanoi Aquatics Sports Complex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Indoor_Games_Gymnasium" title="Hanoi Indoor Games Gymnasium">Hanoi Indoor Games Gymnasium</a>. The others include <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0ng_%C4%90%E1%BA%ABy_Stadium" title="Hàng Đẫy Stadium">Hàng Đẫy Stadium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hà Đông Stadium (page does not exist)">Hà Đông Stadium</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanh_Tr%C3%AC_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanh Trì Stadium (page does not exist)">Thanh Trì Stadium</a>. <a href="/wiki/2009_Asian_Indoor_Games" title="2009 Asian Indoor Games">The third Asian Indoor Games</a> were held in Hanoi in 2009. The others are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hai_B%C3%A0_Tr%C6%B0ng_Gymnasium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hai Bà Trưng Gymnasium (page does not exist)">Hai Bà Trưng Gymnasium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh_Ho%C3%A0i_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Gymnasium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trịnh Hoài Đức Gymnasium (page does not exist)">Trịnh Hoài Đức Gymnasium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%E1%BA%A1n_B%E1%BA%A3o_Sports_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vạn Bảo Sports Complex (page does not exist)">Vạn Bảo Sports Complex</a>. Some of these venues held events at the <a href="/wiki/2003_SEA_Games" title="2003 SEA Games">2003</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_SEA_Games" title="2021 SEA Games">2021 SEA Games</a>, both hosted in Hanoi.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 November 2018, it was announced that in 2020, Hanoi would become the host of the first FIA <a href="/wiki/Formula_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula 1">Formula 1</a> <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Grand_Prix" title="Vietnamese Grand Prix">Vietnamese Grand Prix</a> on a street circuit on the outskirts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The race was initially postponed and later cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and the inaugural edition of the event postponed to <a href="/wiki/2021_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2021 Formula One World Championship">2021</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cancelled_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cancelled-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Grand Prix was removed from the 2021 calendar because of the arrest of Hanoi People's Committee Chairman <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Chung" title="Nguyễn Đức Chung">Nguyễn Đức Chung</a> on corruption charges unrelated to the Grand Prix. As a result, the race was permanently cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanoi has two basketball teams that compete in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Basketball_Association" title="Vietnam Basketball Association">Vietnam Basketball Association</a> (VBA), the <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Buffaloes" title="Hanoi Buffaloes">Hanoi Buffaloes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thang_Long_Warriors" title="Thang Long Warriors">Thang Long Warriors</a>. The city also has three professional football clubs participating in <a href="/wiki/V.League_1" title="V.League 1">V.League 1</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_FC" title="Hanoi FC">Hanoi FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Police_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanoi Police FC">Hanoi Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Cong-Viettel_FC" title="The Cong-Viettel FC">The Cong-Viettel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_care_and_other_facilities">Health care and other facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Health care and other facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some medical facilities in Hanoi: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1ch_Mai_Hospital" title="Bạch Mai Hospital">Bạch Mai Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viet_Duc_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Viet Duc Hospital">Viet Duc Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_Hospital_(Hanoi)" title="Saint Paul Hospital (Hanoi)">Saint Paul General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="108 Hospital">108 Military Central Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4pital_Fran%C3%A7ais_de_Hanoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hôpital Français de Hanoi">Hôpital Français de Hanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_SOS" title="International SOS">International SOS</a></li> <li>Hanoi Medical University Hospital</li> <li>Thanh Nhan Hospital</li> <li>Vinmec International Hospital</li> <li>Thu Cuc General Hospital</li> <li>K Hospital</li> <li>Medlatech Hospital</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City_for_Peace">City for Peace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: City for Peace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 July 1999, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO) presented the title "City for Peace" to Hanoi because the city met the following criteria: exemplary action against exclusion and in support of the dialogue between communities, exemplary urban action, exemplary environmental action, exemplary action to promote culture, exemplary action in the field of education and especially civic education.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanoi is the only city in Asia-Pacific that was granted this title. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honor">Honor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Honor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of Hanoi has been used to name many species of <a href="/wiki/Organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisms">organisms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoretus_hanoiensis" class="extiw" title="sv:Adoretus hanoiensis">Adoretus hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anosia_hanoiensis" class="extiw" title="sv:Anosia hanoiensis">Anosia hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bellatheta_hanoiensis" class="extiw" title="species:Bellatheta hanoiensis">Bellatheta hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniophora_hanoiensis" class="extiw" title="ceb:Coniophora hanoiensis">Coniophora hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Diduga_hanoiensis" class="extiw" title="species:Diduga hanoiensis">Diduga hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasmus_hanoicus" class="extiw" title="nl:Elasmus hanoicus">Elasmus hanoicus</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floresorchestia_hanoiensis" class="extiw" title="nl:Floresorchestia hanoiensis">Floresorchestia hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icerya_hanoiensis" class="extiw" title="sv:Icerya hanoiensis">Icerya hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miridiba_hanoiensis" class="extiw" title="war:Miridiba hanoiensis">Miridiba hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberea_hanoiensis" title="Oberea hanoiensis">Oberea hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tomato_leaf_curl_Hanoi_virus" class="extiw" title="species:Tomato leaf curl Hanoi virus">Tomato leaf curl Hanoi virus</a></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Trachys_blaisei" class="extiw" title="species:Trachys blaisei">Trachys hanoiensis</a></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Guaranisaria_hanoi" class="extiw" title="species:Guaranisaria hanoi">Guaranisaria hanoi</a></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lemyra_hanoica" class="extiw" title="species:Lemyra hanoica">Lemyra hanoica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilosoma_hanoica" class="mw-redirect" title="Spilosoma hanoica">Spilosoma hanoica</a></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Siler_hanoicus" class="extiw" title="species:Siler hanoicus">Siler hanoicus</a></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sasajiscymnus_hanoiensis" class="extiw" title="species:Sasajiscymnus hanoiensis">Sasajiscymnus hanoiensis</a></li></ul> <p>The name Hanoi has also been given to asteroid <a href="/wiki/7816_Hanoi" title="7816 Hanoi">7816 Hanoi</a>, which was discovered in 1987 and has a diameter of nearly 3 km.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hanoi is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Network_of_Major_Cities_21" title="Asian Network of Major Cities 21">Asian Network of Major Cities 21</a> and the <a href="/wiki/C40_Cities_Climate_Leadership_Group" title="C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group">C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Asia#Vietnam" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Asia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Vietnam</a></div> <p>Hanoi is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>, Cambodia<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka Prefecture</a>, Japan<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, Kazakhstan<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles"><img alt="Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Seychelles" title="Victoria, Seychelles">Victoria</a>, Seychelles<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, China<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Italy<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Quarter_street_scene,_Hanoi_(4)_(37610074295).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Life on the streets of the Old Quarter."><img alt="Life on the streets of the Old Quarter." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Old_Quarter_street_scene%2C_Hanoi_%284%29_%2837610074295%29.jpg/120px-Old_Quarter_street_scene%2C_Hanoi_%284%29_%2837610074295%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Old_Quarter_street_scene%2C_Hanoi_%284%29_%2837610074295%29.jpg/180px-Old_Quarter_street_scene%2C_Hanoi_%284%29_%2837610074295%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Old_Quarter_street_scene%2C_Hanoi_%284%29_%2837610074295%29.jpg/240px-Old_Quarter_street_scene%2C_Hanoi_%284%29_%2837610074295%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Life on the streets of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Quarter,_Hanoi" title="Old Quarter, Hanoi">Old Quarter</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thi%C3%AAn_Tr%C3%B9_Pagoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thiên Trù Pagoda in the Perfume Pagoda complex."><img alt="Thiên Trù Pagoda in the Perfume Pagoda complex." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Thi%C3%AAn_Tr%C3%B9_Pagoda.jpg/120px-Thi%C3%AAn_Tr%C3%B9_Pagoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Thi%C3%AAn_Tr%C3%B9_Pagoda.jpg/180px-Thi%C3%AAn_Tr%C3%B9_Pagoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Thi%C3%AAn_Tr%C3%B9_Pagoda.jpg/240px-Thi%C3%AAn_Tr%C3%B9_Pagoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thiên Trù Pagoda in the <a href="/wiki/Perfume_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfume Pagoda">Perfume Pagoda</a> complex.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pen_Tower_in_Hanoi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tháp Bút (Pen Tower) with a phrase "Tả thanh thiên" (meaning "Write on the sky") next to Hoàn Kiếm Lake (2007)."><img alt="Tháp Bút (Pen Tower) with a phrase "Tả thanh thiên" (meaning "Write on the sky") next to Hoàn Kiếm Lake (2007)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pen_Tower_in_Hanoi.jpg/90px-Pen_Tower_in_Hanoi.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pen_Tower_in_Hanoi.jpg/135px-Pen_Tower_in_Hanoi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pen_Tower_in_Hanoi.jpg/180px-Pen_Tower_in_Hanoi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tháp Bút</i> (Pen Tower) with a phrase "<i>Tả thanh thiên</i>" (meaning "Write on the sky") next to Hoàn Kiếm Lake (2007).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cau_The_Huc_(Pont_du_soleil_levant).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thê Húc Bridge on Hoàn Kiếm Lake."><img alt="Thê Húc Bridge on Hoàn Kiếm Lake." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cau_The_Huc_%28Pont_du_soleil_levant%29.jpg/120px-Cau_The_Huc_%28Pont_du_soleil_levant%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cau_The_Huc_%28Pont_du_soleil_levant%29.jpg/250px-Cau_The_Huc_%28Pont_du_soleil_levant%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thê Húc Bridge on <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_Lake" title="Hoàn Kiếm Lake">Hoàn Kiếm Lake</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Presidential Palace, Hanoi (formerly Palace of The Governor-General of French Indochina)."><img alt="Presidential Palace, Hanoi (formerly Palace of The Governor-General of French Indochina)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg/120px-Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg/180px-Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg/240px-Presidential_Palace_of_Vietnam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Hanoi" title="Presidential Palace, Hanoi">Presidential Palace, Hanoi</a> (formerly Palace of The Governor-General of French Indochina).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opera_House,_Hanoi_(4855950685).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanoi Opera House, modelled on the Palais Garnier in Paris."><img alt="Hanoi Opera House, modelled on the Palais Garnier in Paris." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Opera_House%2C_Hanoi_%284855950685%29.jpg/120px-Opera_House%2C_Hanoi_%284855950685%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Opera_House%2C_Hanoi_%284855950685%29.jpg/180px-Opera_House%2C_Hanoi_%284855950685%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Opera_House%2C_Hanoi_%284855950685%29.jpg/240px-Opera_House%2C_Hanoi_%284855950685%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Opera_House" title="Hanoi Opera House">Hanoi Opera House</a>, modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Palais_Garnier" title="Palais Garnier">Palais Garnier</a> in Paris.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tran_Quoc_Pagoda,_Hanoi,_Vietnam,_20240123_1217_3314.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trấn Quốc Pagoda."><img alt="Trấn Quốc Pagoda." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tran_Quoc_Pagoda%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam%2C_20240123_1217_3314.jpg/120px-Tran_Quoc_Pagoda%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam%2C_20240123_1217_3314.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tran_Quoc_Pagoda%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam%2C_20240123_1217_3314.jpg/180px-Tran_Quoc_Pagoda%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam%2C_20240123_1217_3314.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tran_Quoc_Pagoda%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam%2C_20240123_1217_3314.jpg/240px-Tran_Quoc_Pagoda%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam%2C_20240123_1217_3314.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4698" data-file-height="3136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A5n_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Pagoda" title="Trấn Quốc Pagoda">Trấn Quốc Pagoda</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_National_Museum_of_History,_Hanoi,_Vietnam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum of Vietnamese History in Hanoi, formerly the first École française d'Extrême-Orient."><img alt="Museum of Vietnamese History in Hanoi, formerly the first École française d'Extrême-Orient." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_History%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam.jpg/120px-Vietnam_National_Museum_of_History%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_History%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam.jpg/250px-Vietnam_National_Museum_of_History%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Vietnamese History">Museum of Vietnamese History</a> in Hanoi, formerly the first <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_fran%C3%A7aise_d%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="École française d'Extrême-Orient">École française d'Extrême-Orient</a>.</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bacbophu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tonkin Palace serves as State Guest House."><img alt="Tonkin Palace serves as State Guest House." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bacbophu.jpg/120px-Bacbophu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bacbophu.jpg/180px-Bacbophu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bacbophu.jpg/240px-Bacbophu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tonkin_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonkin Palace">Tonkin Palace</a> serves as State Guest House.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bao_tang_my_thuat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts."><img alt="Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bao_tang_my_thuat.jpg/120px-Bao_tang_my_thuat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bao_tang_my_thuat.jpg/180px-Bao_tang_my_thuat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bao_tang_my_thuat.jpg/240px-Bao_tang_my_thuat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts">Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_national_convention_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vietnam National Convention Center."><img alt="Vietnam National Convention Center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Vietnam_national_convention_center.jpg/120px-Vietnam_national_convention_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Vietnam_national_convention_center.jpg/180px-Vietnam_national_convention_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Vietnam_national_convention_center.jpg/240px-Vietnam_national_convention_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Convention_Center" title="Vietnam National Convention Center">Vietnam National Convention Center</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nhat_Tan_Bridge_at_night_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nhật Tân Bridge."><img alt="Nhật Tân Bridge." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Nhat_Tan_Bridge_at_night_2016.jpg/120px-Nhat_Tan_Bridge_at_night_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Nhat_Tan_Bridge_at_night_2016.jpg/180px-Nhat_Tan_Bridge_at_night_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Nhat_Tan_Bridge_at_night_2016.jpg/240px-Nhat_Tan_Bridge_at_night_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6975" data-file-height="3983" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_T%C3%A2n_Bridge" title="Nhật Tân Bridge">Nhật Tân Bridge</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotte_Tower_Hanoi_-_NKS_(9_to_16).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lotte Center Hanoi in western Ba Đình."><img alt="Lotte Center Hanoi in western Ba Đình." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lotte_Tower_Hanoi_-_NKS_%289_to_16%29.jpg/67px-Lotte_Tower_Hanoi_-_NKS_%289_to_16%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lotte_Tower_Hanoi_-_NKS_%289_to_16%29.jpg/101px-Lotte_Tower_Hanoi_-_NKS_%289_to_16%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lotte_Tower_Hanoi_-_NKS_%289_to_16%29.jpg/135px-Lotte_Tower_Hanoi_-_NKS_%289_to_16%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="2135" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lotte_Center_Hanoi" title="Lotte Center Hanoi">Lotte Center Hanoi</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Ba_Dinh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba Dinh District">Ba Đình</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0_Keangnam_Hanoi_Landmark_Tower,_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y,_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="AON Landmark 72 in Nam Từ Liêm."><img alt="AON Landmark 72 in Nam Từ Liêm." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0_Keangnam_Hanoi_Landmark_Tower%2C_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y%2C_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_001.jpg/67px-T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0_Keangnam_Hanoi_Landmark_Tower%2C_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y%2C_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0_Keangnam_Hanoi_Landmark_Tower%2C_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y%2C_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_001.jpg/101px-T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0_Keangnam_Hanoi_Landmark_Tower%2C_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y%2C_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0_Keangnam_Hanoi_Landmark_Tower%2C_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y%2C_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_001.jpg/135px-T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0_Keangnam_Hanoi_Landmark_Tower%2C_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y%2C_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1457" data-file-height="2591" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Keangnam_Hanoi_Landmark_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower">AON Landmark 72</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nam_T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nam Từ Liêm">Nam Từ Liêm</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Garden,_Hanoi_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inspiration of French Colonial architecture in Hanoi's modern buildings."><img alt="Inspiration of French Colonial architecture in Hanoi's modern buildings." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Garden%2C_Hanoi_07.JPG/120px-The_Garden%2C_Hanoi_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Garden%2C_Hanoi_07.JPG/180px-The_Garden%2C_Hanoi_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Garden%2C_Hanoi_07.JPG/240px-The_Garden%2C_Hanoi_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inspiration of French Colonial architecture in Hanoi's modern buildings.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" class="extiw" title="commons:Hanoi"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Hanoi</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hanoi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hanoi">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gioi_Market" title="Gioi Market">Gioi Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Xu%C3%A2n_Market" title="Đồng Xuân Market">Đồng Xuân Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Railway_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="North–South Railway (Vietnam)">North–South Railway (Vietnam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Vietnam" title="List of historical capitals of Vietnam">List of historical capitals of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint"> <ul><li><span class="selfreference"><a href="/wiki/Special:Search/intitle:%22Hanoi%22" title="Special:Search/intitle:"Hanoi"">All pages with titles containing <i>Hanoi</i></a></span></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also called Kinh people</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sometimes spelled as <b>Ha Noi</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All-time record high;Vietnamnet.vn (May record high and January record low only),<sup id="cite_ref-climate_74-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vietnamnet.vn (June record high only),<sup id="cite_ref-Vietnamnet_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vietnamnet-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imh.ac.vn (August record high only),<sup id="cite_ref-IMHEN_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMHEN-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nchmf.gov.vn,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> January record high, November record high, April and May record low in The Yearbook of Indochina<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tuoitre.vn/-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tuoitre.vn/_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tuoitre.vn/thang-long---ha-noi---thanh-pho-rong-bay-404906.htm">Thăng Long – Hà Nội – thành phố rồng bay</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605052739/https://tuoitre.vn/thang-long---ha-noi---thanh-pho-rong-bay-404906.htm">Archived</a> 5 June 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, tuoitre.vn, 2010-10-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anninhthudo.vn/tu-thu-do-nghin-nam-van-hien-den-thanh-pho-vi-hoa-binh-post400421.antd">"Từ Thủ đô nghìn năm văn hiến đến thành phố vì hòa bình"</a>. 20 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125194348/https://anninhthudo.vn/tu-thu-do-nghin-nam-van-hien-den-thanh-pho-vi-hoa-binh-post400421.antd">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%E1%BB%AB+Th%E1%BB%A7+%C4%91%C3%B4+ngh%C3%ACn+n%C4%83m+v%C4%83n+hi%E1%BA%BFn+%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn+th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+v%C3%AC+h%C3%B2a+b%C3%ACnh&rft.date=2019-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanninhthudo.vn%2Ftu-thu-do-nghin-nam-van-hien-den-thanh-pho-vi-hoa-binh-post400421.antd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-area_2022-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-area_2022_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-area_2022_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monre.gov.vn/VanBan/Lists/VanBanChiDao/Attachments/3012/b4.2_Signed.pdf">Biểu số 4.2: Hiện trạng sử dụng đất vùng Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng năm 2022</a> [Table 4.2: Current land use status in the Red River Delta in 2022] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Decision 3048/QĐ-BTNMT) (in Vietnamese). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)">Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)</a>. 18 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Bi%E1%BB%83u+s%E1%BB%91+4.2%3A+Hi%E1%BB%87n+tr%E1%BA%A1ng+s%E1%BB%AD+d%E1%BB%A5ng+%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t+v%C3%B9ng+%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng+B%E1%BA%B1ng+S%C3%B4ng+H%E1%BB%93ng+n%C4%83m+2022&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Natural+Resources+and+Environment+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonre.gov.vn%2FVanBan%2FLists%2FVanBanChiDao%2FAttachments%2F3012%2Fb4.2_Signed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span> – the data in the report are in hectares, rounded to integers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhạm2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Phạm, Đình Tuyển (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tapchikientruc.com.vn/chuyen-muc/khu-cong-vien-doi-moi-sang-tao-phia-tay-ha-noi.html">"Khu công viên đổi mới sáng tạo phía Tây Hà Nội"</a>. <i>Tạp chí kiến trúc (Architecture Magazine)</i>. No. 9. Hội Kiến trúc sư Việt Nam (Vietnam Association of Architects). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730050557/https://www.tapchikientruc.com.vn/chuyen-muc/khu-cong-vien-doi-moi-sang-tao-phia-tay-ha-noi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%E1%BA%A1p+ch%C3%AD+ki%E1%BA%BFn+tr%C3%BAc+%28Architecture+Magazine%29&rft.atitle=Khu+c%C3%B4ng+vi%C3%AAn+%C4%91%E1%BB%95i+m%E1%BB%9Bi+s%C3%A1ng+t%E1%BA%A1o+ph%C3%ADa+T%C3%A2y+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i&rft.issue=9&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Ph%E1%BA%A1m&rft.aufirst=%C4%90%C3%ACnh+Tuy%E1%BB%83n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tapchikientruc.com.vn%2Fchuyen-muc%2Fkhu-cong-vien-doi-moi-sang-tao-phia-tay-ha-noi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNguyễn2021" class="citation news cs1">Nguyễn, Tố Lăng (28 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/web/guest/media-story/-/asset_publisher/V8hhp4dK31Gf/content/nhan-dien-van-de-do-thi-va-quan-ly-phat-trien-do-thi-khi-dat-nuoc-dan-tro-thanh-nuoc-cong-nghiep-theo-huong-hien-dai-ky--1">"Nhận diện vấn đề đô thị và quản lý phát triển đô thị khi đất nước dần trở thành nước công nghiệp theo hướng hiện đại (kỳ 1)"</a>. <i>Tạp chí Cộng sản</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2734-9071">2734-9071</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730050157/https://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/web/guest/media-story/-/asset_publisher/V8hhp4dK31Gf/content/nhan-dien-van-de-do-thi-va-quan-ly-phat-trien-do-thi-khi-dat-nuoc-dan-tro-thanh-nuoc-cong-nghiep-theo-huong-hien-dai-ky--1">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%E1%BA%A1p+ch%C3%AD+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n&rft.atitle=Nh%E1%BA%ADn+di%E1%BB%87n+v%E1%BA%A5n+%C4%91%E1%BB%81+%C4%91%C3%B4+th%E1%BB%8B+v%C3%A0+qu%E1%BA%A3n+l%C3%BD+ph%C3%A1t+tri%E1%BB%83n+%C4%91%C3%B4+th%E1%BB%8B+khi+%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+d%E1%BA%A7n+tr%E1%BB%9F+th%C3%A0nh+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+c%C3%B4ng+nghi%E1%BB%87p+theo+h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng+hi%E1%BB%87n+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+%28k%E1%BB%B3+1%29&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft.issn=2734-9071&rft.aulast=Nguy%E1%BB%85n&rft.aufirst=T%E1%BB%91+L%C4%83ng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tapchicongsan.org.vn%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fmedia-story%2F-%2Fasset_publisher%2FV8hhp4dK31Gf%2Fcontent%2Fnhan-dien-van-de-do-thi-va-quan-ly-phat-trien-do-thi-khi-dat-nuoc-dan-tro-thanh-nuoc-cong-nghiep-theo-huong-hien-dai-ky--1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trần-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trần_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trần_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrần2022" class="citation news cs1">Trần, Hoàng (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tienphong.vn/ha-noi-nghien-cuu-mo-hinh-thanh-pho-trong-thanh-pho-post1419780.tpo">"Hà Nội nghiên cứu mô hình 'thành phố trong thành phố'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Tiền Phong</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730050447/https://tienphong.vn/ha-noi-nghien-cuu-mo-hinh-thanh-pho-trong-thanh-pho-post1419780.tpo">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ti%E1%BB%81n+Phong&rft.atitle=H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+nghi%C3%AAn+c%E1%BB%A9u+m%C3%B4+h%C3%ACnh+%27th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+trong+th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91%27&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Tr%E1%BA%A7n&rft.aufirst=Ho%C3%A0ng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftienphong.vn%2Fha-noi-nghien-cuu-mo-hinh-thanh-pho-trong-thanh-pho-post1419780.tpo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuang_Thái2008" class="citation news cs1">Quang Thái (20 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anninhthudo.vn/song-o-noi-cao-nhat-thu-do-post32628.antd">"Sống ở nơi cao nhất Thủ đô"</a>. <i>An ninh Thủ đô</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730070004/https://www.anninhthudo.vn/song-o-noi-cao-nhat-thu-do-post32628.antd">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=An+ninh+Th%E1%BB%A7+%C4%91%C3%B4&rft.atitle=S%E1%BB%91ng+%E1%BB%9F+n%C6%A1i+cao+nh%E1%BA%A5t+Th%E1%BB%A7+%C4%91%C3%B4&rft.date=2008-09-20&rft.au=Quang+Th%C3%A1i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anninhthudo.vn%2Fsong-o-noi-cao-nhat-thu-do-post32628.antd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p105-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p105_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p105_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-final.pdf"><i>Niên giám Thống kê Việt Nam năm 2022</i></a> [<i>Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2022</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). p. 105. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240403124007/https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ni%C3%AAn+gi%C3%A1m+Th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+n%C4%83m+2022&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Statistical+Publishing+House+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2023&rft.au=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F06%2FSach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p115-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p115_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-final.pdf"><i>Niên giám Thống kê Việt Nam năm 2022</i></a> [<i>Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2022</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). p. 115. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240403124007/https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ni%C3%AAn+gi%C3%A1m+Th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+n%C4%83m+2022&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Statistical+Publishing+House+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2023&rft.au=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F06%2FSach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p117-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p117_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-final.pdf"><i>Niên giám Thống kê Việt Nam năm 2022</i></a> [<i>Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2022</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). p. 117. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240403124007/https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ni%C3%AAn+gi%C3%A1m+Th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+n%C4%83m+2022&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Statistical+Publishing+House+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2023&rft.au=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F06%2FSach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2019-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2019_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2019_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2019_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf"><i>Kết quả Toàn bộ Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019</i></a> [<i>Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-604-75-1532-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-604-75-1532-5"><bdi>978-604-75-1532-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110045640/https://www.gso.gov.vn/du-lieu-va-so-lieu-thong-ke/2020/11/ket-qua-toan-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%E1%BA%BFt+qu%E1%BA%A3+To%C3%A0n+b%E1%BB%99+T%E1%BB%95ng+%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u+tra+d%C3%A2n+s%E1%BB%91+v%C3%A0+nh%C3%A0+%E1%BB%9F+n%C4%83m+2019&rft.pub=Statistical+Publishing+House+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-604-75-1532-5&rft.au=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F12%2FKet-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hanoigrdp-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hanoigrdp_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hanoigrdp_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Office_of_Hanoi2023" class="citation book cs1">Statistics Office of Hanoi (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cucthongkehanoi.gso.gov.vn/storage/manager/niengiam_tk/N39Xcce-ea70cb87-be4d-4da8-b7aa-5ffa9a840648.pdf"><i>Niên giám Thống kê thành phố Hà Nội năm 2022</i></a> [<i>Statistical Yearbook of Hanoi 2022</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). p. 162. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240429074643/https://cucthongkehanoi.gso.gov.vn/storage/manager/niengiam_tk/N39Xcce-ea70cb87-be4d-4da8-b7aa-5ffa9a840648.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ni%C3%AAn+gi%C3%A1m+Th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+n%C4%83m+2022&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Statistical+Publishing+House+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2023&rft.au=Statistics+Office+of+Hanoi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcucthongkehanoi.gso.gov.vn%2Fstorage%2Fmanager%2Fniengiam_tk%2FN39Xcce-ea70cb87-be4d-4da8-b7aa-5ffa9a840648.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/px-web/?pxid=E1438&theme=Health%2C%20Culture%2C%20Sport%20and%20Living%20standard">"Human Development Index by province(*) by Cities, provincies and Year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Index+by+province%28%2A%29+by+Cities%2C+provincies+and+Year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fen%2Fpx-web%2F%3Fpxid%3DE1438%26theme%3DHealth%252C%2520Culture%252C%2520Sport%2520and%2520Living%2520standard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dantri-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dantri_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dantri_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dantri_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dantri_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dantri_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dantri_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dantri_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dantri_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dantri.com.vn/ban-doc/nhung-ten-goi-cua-ha-noi-qua-cac-thoi-ky-lich-su-1286098923.htm">"Những tên gọi của Hà Nội qua các thời kỳ lịch sử"</a> (in Vietnamese). Dân Trí. 30 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620031756/https://dantri.com.vn/ban-doc/nhung-ten-goi-cua-ha-noi-qua-cac-thoi-ky-lich-su-1286098923.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nh%E1%BB%AFng+t%C3%AAn+g%E1%BB%8Di+c%E1%BB%A7a+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+qua+c%C3%A1c+th%E1%BB%9Di+k%E1%BB%B3+l%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD&rft.pub=D%C3%A2n+Tr%C3%AD&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdantri.com.vn%2Fban-doc%2Fnhung-ten-goi-cua-ha-noi-qua-cac-thoi-ky-lich-su-1286098923.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kinhtetrunguong.vn/web/guest/thong-tin-dia-phuong/dong-gop-cua-cac-tinh-thanh-pho-ve-mot-so-chi-tieu-chu-yeu.html">"Đóng góp của các tỉnh, thành phố về một số chỉ tiêu chủ yếu"</a>. <i>kinhtetrunguong.vn</i> (in Vietnamese). 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kinhtetrunguong.vn&rft.atitle=%C4%90%C3%B3ng+g%C3%B3p+c%E1%BB%A7a+c%C3%A1c+t%E1%BB%89nh%2C+th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+v%E1%BB%81+m%E1%BB%99t+s%E1%BB%91+ch%E1%BB%89+ti%C3%AAu+ch%E1%BB%A7+y%E1%BA%BFu&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkinhtetrunguong.vn%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fthong-tin-dia-phuong%2Fdong-gop-cua-cac-tinh-thanh-pho-ve-mot-so-chi-tieu-chu-yeu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThương2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thương, Báo Công (31 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://congthuong.vn/nam-2022-ha-noi-don-187-trieu-luot-du-khach-233173.html">"Năm 2022: Hà Nội đón 18,7 triệu lượt du khách | Báo Công Thương"</a>. <i>Báo Công Thương điện tử, kinh tế, chính trị, xã hội</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+C%C3%B4ng+Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n+t%E1%BB%AD%2C+kinh+t%E1%BA%BF%2C+ch%C3%ADnh+tr%E1%BB%8B%2C+x%C3%A3+h%E1%BB%99i&rft.atitle=N%C4%83m+2022%3A+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%C3%B3n+18%2C7+tri%E1%BB%87u+l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3t+du+kh%C3%A1ch+%7C+B%C3%A1o+C%C3%B4ng+Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&rft.date=2022-12-31&rft.aulast=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&rft.aufirst=B%C3%A1o+C%C3%B4ng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcongthuong.vn%2Fnam-2022-ha-noi-don-187-trieu-luot-du-khach-233173.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCon_Giang2012" class="citation web cs1">Con Giang (9 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423152322/http://tuoitre.vn/tin/ao-trang/20120109/nhung-vung-dat-mang-ten-rong/472123.html">"Lands named "dragon"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_Tr%E1%BA%BB" title="Tuổi Trẻ">Tuổi Trẻ</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tuoitre.vn/tin/ao-trang/20120109/nhung-vung-dat-mang-ten-rong/472123.html">the original</a> on 23 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lands+named+%22dragon%22&rft.pub=Tu%E1%BB%95i+Tr%E1%BA%BB&rft.date=2012-01-09&rft.au=Con+Giang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftuoitre.vn%2Ftin%2Fao-trang%2F20120109%2Fnhung-vung-dat-mang-ten-rong%2F472123.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hanoitv-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hanoitv_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hanoitv_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hanoitv_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hanoitv_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hanoitv_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hanoitv.vn/lich-su-cac-ten-goi-cua-thu-do-ha-noi-d3832.html">"Lịch sử các tên gọi của Thủ đô Hà Nội"</a> (in Vietnamese). Hanoi TV. 28 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210619010313/https://hanoitv.vn/lich-su-cac-ten-goi-cua-thu-do-ha-noi-d3832.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD+c%C3%A1c+t%C3%AAn+g%E1%BB%8Di+c%E1%BB%A7a+Th%E1%BB%A7+%C4%91%C3%B4+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i&rft.pub=Hanoi+TV&rft.date=2013-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhanoitv.vn%2Flich-su-cac-ten-goi-cua-thu-do-ha-noi-d3832.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anh Thư Hà, Hồng Đức Trần A Brief Chronology of Vietnam's History 2000– Page 40 "Taking this as a good omen, he named the new capital Thăng Long (City of the Soaring Dragon), now Hanoi. Lý Thái Tổ reorganized the administration"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patricia M. Pelley <i>Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past</i> 2002– Page 213 "When Lý Thái Tổ relocated the capital in 1010."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laodong-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laodong_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laodong_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laodong_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laodong_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laodong_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laodong_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laodong.vn/archived/ten-goi-ha-noi-qua-cac-thoi-ky-lich-su-682388.ldo">"Tên gọi Hà Nội qua các thời kỳ lịch sử"</a> (in Vietnamese). Lao Động. 13 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618031239/https://laodong.vn/archived/ten-goi-ha-noi-qua-cac-thoi-ky-lich-su-682388.ldo">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%AAn+g%E1%BB%8Di+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+qua+c%C3%A1c+th%E1%BB%9Di+k%E1%BB%B3+l%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD&rft.pub=Lao+%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaodong.vn%2Farchived%2Ften-goi-ha-noi-qua-cac-thoi-ky-lich-su-682388.ldo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>For the de facto capital city of Japan, see <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">東京</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFormichi2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Formichi, Chiara (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t-fWDwAAQBAJ&dq=luqin+colonies+muslims&pg=PA27"><i>Islam and Asia: A History</i></a>. Vol. 21 of New Approaches to Asian History (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1107106123" title="Special:BookSources/978-1107106123"><bdi>978-1107106123</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Asia%3A+A+History&rft.pages=27&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1107106123&rft.aulast=Formichi&rft.aufirst=Chiara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt-fWDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dluqin%2Bcolonies%2Bmuslims%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHouraniCarswell1995" class="citation book cs1">Hourani, George F.; Carswell, John (1995). Carswell, John (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDh2KKSlQg4C&dq=luqin+colonies+muslims&pg=PA72"><i>Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times</i></a>. ACLS Humanities E-Book Princeton paperbacks: Ancient history (illustrated, revised ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691000328" title="Special:BookSources/0691000328"><bdi>0691000328</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+Seafaring+in+the+Indian+Ocean+in+Ancient+and+Early+Medieval+Times&rft.series=ACLS+Humanities+E-Book+Princeton+paperbacks%3A+Ancient+history&rft.pages=72&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+revised&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0691000328&rft.aulast=Hourani&rft.aufirst=George+F.&rft.au=Carswell%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZDh2KKSlQg4C%26dq%3Dluqin%2Bcolonies%2Bmuslims%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKasimin1991" class="citation book cs1">Kasimin, Amran (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lJzXAAAAMAAJ&q=luqin+colonies+muslims"><i>Religion and Social Change Among the Indigenous People of the Malay Peninsula</i></a>. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9836222650" title="Special:BookSources/9836222650"><bdi>9836222650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Social+Change+Among+the+Indigenous+People+of+the+Malay+Peninsula&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Dewan+Bahasa+dan+Pustaka%2C+Kementerian+Pendidikan+Malaysia&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9836222650&rft.aulast=Kasimin&rft.aufirst=Amran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlJzXAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dluqin%2Bcolonies%2Bmuslims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cl-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cl_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cl_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hoangthanhthanglong.vn/en/co-loa-thoi-tien-su/507">"Prehistoric Co Loa"</a>. 3 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616082820/https://www.hoangthanhthanglong.vn/en/co-loa-thoi-tien-su/507">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Co+Loa&rft.date=2013-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoangthanhthanglong.vn%2Fen%2Fco-loa-thoi-tien-su%2F507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhanNguyễnNguyễn199727-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhanNguyễnNguyễn199727_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhanNguyễnNguyễn1997">Phan, Nguyễn & Nguyễn 1997</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baotanglichsu.vn/en/Articles/3188/15839/the-pre-and-proto-history-human-traces-found-in-dong-mo-son-tay.html">"The pre and proto history human traces found in Dong Mo, Son Tay"</a>. 28 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015101321/http://baotanglichsu.vn/en/Articles/3188/15839/the-pre-and-proto-history-human-traces-found-in-dong-mo-son-tay.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+pre+and+proto+history+human+traces+found+in+Dong+Mo%2C+Son+Tay&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaotanglichsu.vn%2Fen%2FArticles%2F3188%2F15839%2Fthe-pre-and-proto-history-human-traces-found-in-dong-mo-son-tay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim201512-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim201512_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNam_C._Kim2015">Nam C. Kim 2015</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim2015144-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim2015144_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNam_C._Kim2015">Nam C. Kim 2015</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim2015159-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENam_C._Kim2015159_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNam_C._Kim2015">Nam C. Kim 2015</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor201314-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor201314_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2013">Taylor 2013</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiksicYian2016111-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiksicYian2016111_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiksicYian2016">Miksic & Yian 2016</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamieson19958-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamieson19958_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJamieson1995">Jamieson 1995</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrindley201593-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrindley201593_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrindley2015">Brindley 2015</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtinger195892-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtinger195892_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtinger1958">Buttinger 1958</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201969-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201969_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor198328-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor198328_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1983">Taylor 1983</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐào_Duy_Anh201642-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐào_Duy_Anh201642_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĐào_Duy_Anh2016">Đào Duy Anh 2016</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor198330-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor198330_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1983">Taylor 1983</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201972-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201972_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBielestein1986271-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBielestein1986271_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBielestein1986271_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBielestein1986">Bielestein 1986</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrindley2015235-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrindley2015235_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrindley2015235_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrindley2015">Brindley 2015</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYü1986454-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYü1986454_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYü1986454_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYü1986454_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYü1986">Yü 1986</a>, p. 454.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201978-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201978_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201978_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201979-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201979_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201979_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor198338-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor198338_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1983">Taylor 1983</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan201980-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan201980_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETran197716-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETran197716_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTran1977">Tran (1977)</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoewe200460-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoewe200460_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoewe2004">Loewe (2004)</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rutasvietnam.viajes/">"viajes a Vietnam"</a>. <i>rutasvietnam.viajes - ES</i> (in European Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rutasvietnam.viajes+-+ES&rft.atitle=viajes+a+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frutasvietnam.viajes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Historical-stages-of-Thang-Long-Hanoi/20099/89.vnplus">"Historical stages of Thang Long- Hanoi – 1000 Years Thang Long (VietNamPlus)"</a>. En.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104062703/http://en.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Historical-stages-of-Thang-Long-Hanoi/20099/89.vnplus">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+stages+of+Thang+Long-+Hanoi+%E2%80%93+1000+Years+Thang+Long+%28VietNamPlus%29&rft.pub=En.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hanoi.vietnamplus.vn%2FHome%2FHistorical-stages-of-Thang-Long-Hanoi%2F20099%2F89.vnplus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ250-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ250_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ250_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tư trị thông giám</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7250" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷250">quyển 250</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019123-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019123_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiernan2019123_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiernan2019">Kiernan 2019</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurton2009106-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurton2009106_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPurton2009">Purton 2009</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">"Merchants of an Imperial Trade". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/muslim-merchants-of-premodern-china/merchants-of-an-imperial-trade/2736CF75BA700D965FAA934381F261EC/core-reader"><i>The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China</i></a>. New Approaches to Asian History. Cambridge University Press. 1 August 2018. pp. <span class="nowrap">12–</span>50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9780511998492.002">10.1017/9780511998492.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01268-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01268-4"><bdi>978-1-107-01268-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201220140357/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/muslim-merchants-of-premodern-china/merchants-of-an-imperial-trade/2736CF75BA700D965FAA934381F261EC/core-reader">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Nhà xuất bản Đà Nẵng, 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danangpt.vnn.vn/danang/detail.php?id=12&a=92">the original</a> on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD+th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+%C4%90%C3%A0+N%E1%BA%B5ng&rft.atitle=%C4%90%C3%A0+N%E1%BA%B5ng+tr%E1%BB%9F+th%C3%A0nh+th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+nh%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng+%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba+c%E1%BB%A7a+th%E1%BB%B1c+d%C3%A2n+Ph%C3%A1p&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.danangpt.vnn.vn%2Fdanang%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D12%26a%3D92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaury" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maury, Jean-Pierre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20250217195421/https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/vn1946.htm">"Cochinchine, Vietnam, 1945, Digithèque MJP"</a>. <i>mjp.univ-perp.fr</i> (in French). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mjp.univ-perp.fr&rft.atitle=Cochinchine%2C+Vietnam%2C+1945%2C+Digith%C3%A8que+MJP&rft.aulast=Maury&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjp.univ-perp.fr%2Fconstit%2Fvn1946.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner197593-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner197593_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurner1975">Turner 1975</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHastings2018" class="citation book cs1">Hastings, Max (2018). <i>Vietnam: an Epic Tragedy, 1945–1975</i> (1st ed.). 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Hanoi.gov.vn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hanoi.gov.vn/hanoiwebs1/vn/gioithieuchunghanoi/group1/index.htm">the original</a> on 21 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nchmf.gov.vn/Web/vi-VN/62/19/58/map/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 29 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Asian+Development&rft.atitle=VI%E1%BB%86T+NAM+NI%C3%8AN+GI%C3%81M+TH%E1%BB%90NG+K%C3%8A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseadelt.net%2FAsset%2FSource%2FDocument_ID-254_No-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seadelt.net/Asset/Source/Document_ID-247_No-01.PDF">The Yearbook of Indochina (1932-1933)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBST-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IBST_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBST_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBST_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datafiles.chinhphu.vn/cpp/files/vbpq/2022/10/02-bxd.pdf">"Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam+Institute+for+Building+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatafiles.chinhphu.vn%2Fcpp%2Ffiles%2Fvbpq%2F2022%2F10%2F02-bxd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCục_thống_kê_thành_phố_Hà_Nội_(Ha_Noi_Statistics_Office)2023" class="citation book cs1">Cục thống kê thành phố Hà Nội (Ha Noi Statistics Office) (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cucthongkehanoi.gso.gov.vn/storage/manager/niengiam_tk/N39Xcce-ea70cb87-be4d-4da8-b7aa-5ffa9a840648.pdf"><i>Niên giám thống kê thành phố Hà Nội 2022 (Ha Noi Statistical Yearbook 2022)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản thống kê (Statistical Publishing House). pp. <span class="nowrap">91–</span>92. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240429074643/https://cucthongkehanoi.gso.gov.vn/storage/manager/niengiam_tk/N39Xcce-ea70cb87-be4d-4da8-b7aa-5ffa9a840648.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ni%C3%AAn+gi%C3%A1m+th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+2022+%28Ha+Noi+Statistical+Yearbook+2022%29&rft.place=H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.pub=Nh%C3%A0+xu%E1%BA%A5t+b%E1%BA%A3n+th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+%28Statistical+Publishing+House%29&rft.date=2023&rft.au=C%E1%BB%A5c+th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+%28Ha+Noi+Statistics+Office%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcucthongkehanoi.gso.gov.vn%2Fstorage%2Fmanager%2Fniengiam_tk%2FN39Xcce-ea70cb87-be4d-4da8-b7aa-5ffa9a840648.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baron & La Salle. <i>Dictionnaire des Communes administratif et militaire, France métropolitaine et France d'outre-mer</i>. Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle & Cie, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-papin-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-papin_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPapin2001" class="citation book cs1">Papin, Philippe (2001). <i>Histoire de Hanoi</i>. Fayard. pp. <span class="nowrap">381–</span>386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2213606714" title="Special:BookSources/2213606714"><bdi>2213606714</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+Hanoi&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E381-%3C%2Fspan%3E386&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=2213606714&rft.aulast=Papin&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hanoi.gov.vn/bomaychinhquyen/-/hn/n5xfywjC3UDf/1102/30229/dan-so-va-dien-tich.html">"Dân số và diện tích"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625014158/https://hanoi.gov.vn/bomaychinhquyen/-/hn/n5xfywjC3UDf/1102/30229/dan-so-va-dien-tich.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A2n+s%E1%BB%91+v%C3%A0+di%E1%BB%87n+t%C3%ADch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhanoi.gov.vn%2Fbomaychinhquyen%2F-%2Fhn%2Fn5xfywjC3UDf%2F1102%2F30229%2Fdan-so-va-dien-tich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morong-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morong_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHong_Khanh2008" class="citation news cs1">Hong Khanh (29 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vnexpress.net/thoi-su/dia-gioi-ha-noi-chinh-thuc-mo-rong-tu-1-8-2105260.html">"Địa giới Hà Nội chính thức mở rộng từ 1/8"</a>. <a href="/wiki/VnExpress" title="VnExpress">VnExpress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124124/https://vnexpress.net/thoi-su/dia-gioi-ha-noi-chinh-thuc-mo-rong-tu-1-8-2105260.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba+gi%E1%BB%9Bi+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+ch%C3%ADnh+th%E1%BB%A9c+m%E1%BB%9F+r%E1%BB%99ng+t%E1%BB%AB+1%2F8&rft.date=2008-05-29&rft.au=Hong+Khanh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2Fthoi-su%2Fdia-gioi-ha-noi-chinh-thuc-mo-rong-tu-1-8-2105260.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TK2009-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TK2009_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/data-and-statistics/2019/03/the-2009-vietnam-population-and-housing-census-completed-results/"><i>The 2009 vietnam population and housing census: completed results</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615163023/https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/data-and-statistics/2019/03/the-2009-vietnam-population-and-housing-census-completed-results/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+2009+vietnam+population+and+housing+census%3A+completed+results&rft.date=2009&rft.au=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fen%2Fdata-and-statistics%2F2019%2F03%2Fthe-2009-vietnam-population-and-housing-census-completed-results%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hanoitimes.vn/hanoi-to-scrap-its-own-conditions-for-residency-registration-313351.html">"Hanoi to scrap its own conditions for residency registration"</a>. <i>Hanoi Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518015227/http://hanoitimes.vn/hanoi-to-scrap-its-own-conditions-for-residency-registration-313351.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hanoi+Times&rft.atitle=Hanoi+to+scrap+its+own+conditions+for+residency+registration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhanoitimes.vn%2Fhanoi-to-scrap-its-own-conditions-for-residency-registration-313351.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visaexplorer.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/global-city-gdp-rankings-2008-2025-2.pdf">"Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are topping the world's highest economic growth cities in 2008–2025"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. PricewaterhouseCoopers. 10 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423165954/https://visaexplorer.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/global-city-gdp-rankings-2008-2025-2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hanoi+and+Ho+Chi+Minh+City+are+topping+the+world%27s+highest+economic+growth+cities+in+2008%E2%80%932025&rft.pub=PricewaterhouseCoopers&rft.date=2009-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisaexplorer.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F16%2Fglobal-city-gdp-rankings-2008-2025-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thongkehanoi.gov.vn/uploads/files/source/NGTK%202013%20-TKQG%20%20Ngan%20sach%20ngan%20hang.pdf">"Gross domestic product at current prices by economic sector"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106202603/http://thongkehanoi.gov.vn/uploads/files/source/NGTK%202013%20-TKQG%20%20Ngan%20sach%20ngan%20hang.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+domestic+product+at+current+prices+by+economic+sector&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthongkehanoi.gov.vn%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2Fsource%2FNGTK%25202013%2520-TKQG%2520%2520Ngan%2520sach%2520ngan%2520hang.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113165642/https://vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Kinh-doanh/2007/04/3B9F5334/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Tram hoa' doanh nghiep dua no"</a>. VnExpress. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog360.vn/">the original</a> on 13 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Tram+hoa%27+doanh+nghiep+dua+no&rft.pub=VnExpress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog360.vn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055723/http://www.nld.com.vn/tintuc/kinh-te/215457.asp">"NLĐO – Bat dong san Ha Noi soi dong ~ Bất động sản Hà Nội sôi động – KINH TẾ – TIÊU DÙNG"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nld.com.vn/tintuc/kinh-te/215457.asp">the original</a> on 21 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NL%C4%90O+%E2%80%93+Bat+dong+san+Ha+Noi+soi+dong+~+B%E1%BA%A5t+%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+s%C3%B4i+%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng+%E2%80%93+KINH+T%E1%BA%BE+%E2%80%93+TI%C3%8AU+D%C3%99NG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nld.com.vn%2Ftintuc%2Fkinh-te%2F215457.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6906e/x6906e0d.htm">"CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAM – Nguyen van Luat"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028035053/http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6906e/x6906e0d.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CROP+DIVERSIFICATION+IN+VIET+NAM+%E2%80%93+Nguyen+van+Luat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F003%2Fx6906e%2Fx6906e0d.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517185320/http://www.thanhniennews.com/society/hanois-four-key-infrastructure-projects-put-into-use-37183.html">"Hanoi's four key infrastructure projects put into use"</a>. 5 January 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+from+Frommer%27s&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Hanoi&rft.date=2006-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nytimes.com%2Ffrommers%2Ftravel%2Fguides%2Fasia%2Fvietnam%2Fhanoi%2Ffrm_hanoi_0197010001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELogan2000[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogan2000[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLogan2000">Logan 2000</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForbesHenley2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbesHenley2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2024)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForbesHenley2012">Forbes & Henley 2012</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVuongBuiLaVuong2019" class="citation journal cs1">Vuong, Quan-Hoang; Bui, Quang-Khiem; La, Viet-Phuong; Vuong, Thu-Trang; Ho, Manh-Toan; Nguyen, Hong-Kong T.; Nguyen, Hong-Ngoc; Nghiem, Kien-Cuong P.; Ho, Manh-Tung (1 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ssaho.2019.100001">"Cultural evolution in Vietnam's early 20th century: A Bayesian networks analysis of Hanoi Franco-Chinese house designs"</a>. <i>Social Sciences & Humanities Open</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 100001. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00817">1903.00817</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ssaho.2019.100001">10.1016/j.ssaho.2019.100001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2590-2911">2590-2911</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:203239554">203239554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Sciences+%26+Humanities+Open&rft.atitle=Cultural+evolution+in+Vietnam%27s+early+20th+century%3A+A+Bayesian+networks+analysis+of+Hanoi+Franco-Chinese+house+designs&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=100001&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1903.00817&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A203239554%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2590-2911&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ssaho.2019.100001&rft.aulast=Vuong&rft.aufirst=Quan-Hoang&rft.au=Bui%2C+Quang-Khiem&rft.au=La%2C+Viet-Phuong&rft.au=Vuong%2C+Thu-Trang&rft.au=Ho%2C+Manh-Toan&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Hong-Kong+T.&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Hong-Ngoc&rft.au=Nghiem%2C+Kien-Cuong+P.&rft.au=Ho%2C+Manh-Tung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ssaho.2019.100001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPinkowski2007" class="citation news cs1">Pinkowski, Jennifer (16 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/16/science/16dig.html?_r=1&ref=world&oref=slogin">"Thăng Long the ancient city underneath Hanoi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417102217/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/16/science/16dig.html?_r=1&ref=world&oref=slogin">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Th%C4%83ng+Long+the+ancient+city+underneath+Hanoi&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft.aulast=Pinkowski&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F16%2Fscience%2F16dig.html%3F_r%3D1%26ref%3Dworld%26oref%3Dslogin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFByrnes2012" class="citation web cs1">Byrnes, Mark (22 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-02-21/the-paris-ification-of-hanoi">"The Paris-ification of Hanoi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dot Chuoi Non. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722015541/http://dotchuoinon.com/2010/03/25/thi%e1%bb%81n-s%c6%b0-t%e1%bb%ab-d%e1%ba%a1o-h%e1%ba%a1nh-va-van-kh%e1%ba%afc-chuong-chua-thien-phuc/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thi%E1%BB%81n+s%C6%B0+T%E1%BB%AA+%C4%90%E1%BA%A0O+H%E1%BA%A0NH+v%C3%A0+v%C4%83n+kh%E1%BA%AFc+chu%C3%B4ng+ch%C3%B9a+Thi%C3%AAn+Ph%C3%BAc&rft.pub=Dot+Chuoi+Non&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdotchuoinon.com%2F2010%2F03%2F25%2Fthi%25E1%25BB%2581n-s%25C6%25B0-t%25E1%25BB%25AB-d%25E1%25BA%25A1o-h%25E1%25BA%25A1nh-va-van-kh%25E1%25BA%25AFc-chuong-chua-thien-phuc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel/places/mastercard-lists-hanoi-hcmc-among-top-20-asia-pacific-travel-destinations-3982199.html">"Mastercard lists Hanoi, HCMC among top 20 Asia-Pacific travel destinations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/VNExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="VNExpress">VNExpress</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022012813/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel/places/mastercard-lists-hanoi-hcmc-among-top-20-asia-pacific-travel-destinations-3982199.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VNExpress&rft.atitle=Mastercard+lists+Hanoi%2C+HCMC+among+top+20+Asia-Pacific+travel+destinations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Ftravel%2Fplaces%2Fmastercard-lists-hanoi-hcmc-among-top-20-asia-pacific-travel-destinations-3982199.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlevin2009" class="citation web cs1">Plevin, Julia (26 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huffingtonpost.com/julia-plevin/notes-on-hanoi-vietnam_b_269307.html">"Notes on Hanoi, Vietnam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121042452/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/julia-plevin/notes-on-hanoi-vietnam_b_269307.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Notes+on+Hanoi%2C+Vietnam&rft.date=2009-09-26&rft.aulast=Plevin&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuffingtonpost.com%2Fjulia-plevin%2Fnotes-on-hanoi-vietnam_b_269307.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tripadvisors-most-popular-travel-destinations-2014-4?op%3D1">"The 25 Most Popular Travel Destinations in the World"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815113350/http://www.businessinsider.com/tripadvisors-most-popular-travel-destinations-2014-4?op=1">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+25+Most+Popular+Travel+Destinations+in+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftripadvisors-most-popular-travel-destinations-2014-4%3Fop%253D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/24/travel/gallery/tripadvisor-top-world-destinations-2015/">"TripAdvisor's picks: World's top 25 destinations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 24 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624133909/http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/24/travel/gallery/tripadvisor-top-world-destinations-2015">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TripAdvisor%27s+picks%3A+World%27s+top+25+destinations&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F03%2F24%2Ftravel%2Fgallery%2Ftripadvisor-top-world-destinations-2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/21/travel/tripadvisor-top-world-destinations-2016-feat/">"TripAdvisor picks world's top 10 destinations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 21 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629223247/http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/21/travel/tripadvisor-top-world-destinations-2016-feat">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TripAdvisor+picks+world%27s+top+10+destinations&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F03%2F21%2Ftravel%2Ftripadvisor-top-world-destinations-2016-feat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waterpuppettours.com/">"Detailed results and winners of the online Smart Travel Asia Best in Travel Poll 2009"</a>. <i>Smarttravelasia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140509140827/http://waterpuppettours.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam+National+University%2C+Hanoi&rft.pub=Top+Universities&rft.date=2012-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversities%2Fvietnam-national-university-hanoi%2Fundergrad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183943/https://www.hanoi.gov.vn/hanoiwebs/en/hanoi_capital/group1/index.htm">"Hanoi – The capital of Vietnam: Preface"</a>. Hanoi City People's Committee. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VnExpress&rft.atitle=Hanoi+is+about+to+start+many+traffic+projects&rft.date=2022-09-11&rft.au=V%C3%B5+H%E1%BA%A3i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2Fha-noi-sap-khoi-cong-nhieu-du-an-giao-thong-4509920.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724102722/https://www2.adb.org/Documents/RRPs/VIE/39175-VIE-RRP.pdf">"Socialist Republic of Viet Nam: Greater Mekong Subregion Kunming–Hai Phong Transport Corridor: Yen Vien–Lao Cai Railway Upgrading Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors: Project Number: 39175: Asian Development Bank</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Report+and+Recommendation+of+the+President+to+the+Board+of+Directors%3A+Project+Number%3A+39175%3A+Asian+Development+Bank&rft.atitle=Socialist+Republic+of+Viet+Nam%3A+Greater+Mekong+Subregion+Kunming%E2%80%93Hai+Phong+Transport+Corridor%3A+Yen+Vien%E2%80%93Lao+Cai+Railway+Upgrading+Project&rft.date=2006-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.adb.org%2FDocuments%2FRRPs%2FVIE%2F39175-VIE-RRP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMark_Smith2012" class="citation web cs1">Mark Smith (19 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/travel/a-fast-vast-steel-spine-20120518-1yuq9.html">"A fast, vast steel spine"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130107062812/http://www.smh.com.au/travel/a-fast-vast-steel-spine-20120518-1yuq9.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=A+fast%2C+vast+steel+spine&rft.date=2012-05-19&rft.au=Mark+Smith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ftravel%2Fa-fast-vast-steel-spine-20120518-1yuq9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHans-Heinrich_BassThanh_Trung_Nguyen2013" class="citation web cs1">Hans-Heinrich Bass; Thanh Trung Nguyen (March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/vietnam-needs-tackle-urban-traffic-congestion">"Imminent gridlock"</a>. <i>dandc.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182238/http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/vietnam-needs-tackle-urban-traffic-congestion">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dandc.eu&rft.atitle=Imminent+gridlock&rft.date=2013-03&rft.au=Hans-Heinrich+Bass&rft.au=Thanh+Trung+Nguyen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dandc.eu%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fvietnam-needs-tackle-urban-traffic-congestion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40498052">"Hanoi plan to ban motorbikes by 2030 to combat pollution"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hanoi+plan+to+ban+motorbikes+by+2030+to+combat+pollution&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-40498052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frommers.com/destinations/hanoi/0197020156.html">"Getting Around Hanoi"</a>. <i>Frommer's</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frommer%27s&rft.atitle=Getting+Around+Hanoi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frommers.com%2Fdestinations%2Fhanoi%2F0197020156.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeel2016" class="citation web cs1">Peel, Michael (22 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/dde43a4a-c0de-11e5-a8c6-deeeb63d6d4b.html">"Tale of two metro lines shows battle for business in Vietnam"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302030048/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/dde43a4a-c0de-11e5-a8c6-deeeb63d6d4b.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Tale+of+two+metro+lines+shows+battle+for+business+in+Vietnam&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fdde43a4a-c0de-11e5-a8c6-deeeb63d6d4b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNguyen" class="citation web cs1">Nguyen, Dat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/business/economy/hanoi-gets-country-s-1st-metro-service-4382113.html">"Hanoi gets country's first metro service"</a>. VnExpress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106015237/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/business/economy/hanoi-gets-country-s-1st-metro-service-4382113.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hanoi+gets+country%27s+first+metro+service&rft.pub=VnExpress&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Dat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fhanoi-gets-country-s-1st-metro-service-4382113.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vnexpress.net/metro-nhon-ga-ha-noi-du-kien-van-hanh-doan-tren-cao-dip-30-4-4677730.html">"Metro Nhổn - ga Hà Nội dự kiến vận hành đoạn trên cao dịp 30/4"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231119233502/https://vnexpress.net/metro-nhon-ga-ha-noi-du-kien-van-hanh-doan-tren-cao-dip-30-4-4677730.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metro+Nh%E1%BB%95n+-+ga+H%C3%A0+N%E1%BB%99i+d%E1%BB%B1+ki%E1%BA%BFn+v%E1%BA%ADn+h%C3%A0nh+%C4%91o%E1%BA%A1n+tr%C3%AAn+cao+d%E1%BB%8Bp+30%2F4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2Fmetro-nhon-ga-ha-noi-du-kien-van-hanh-doan-tren-cao-dip-30-4-4677730.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bvhttdl.gov.vn/chi-tiet-dia-diem-to-chuc-cac-mon-thi-dau-sea-games-2021-tai-viet-nam-20210326200624727.htm">"Chi tiết địa điểm tổ chức các môn thi đấu SEA Games 2021 tại Việt Nam"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam+to+host+Formula+1+Grand+Prix+from+2020+%26%23124%3B+Formula+1%C2%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.formula1.com%2Fen%2Flatest%2Farticle.vietnam-to-host-formula-1-grand-prix-from-2020.5GwYlGbr56A0GCycMuUM0G.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cancelled-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cancelled_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.f1vietnamgp.com/news/f1-vietnam-grand-prix/cancellation-of-the-2020-f1-vietnam-p260">"Cancellation of the 2020 Vinfast Vietnam Grand Prix"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Grand_Prix" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam Grand Prix">Vietnam Grand Prix</a>. 16 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204204803/https://www.f1vietnamgp.com/news/f1-vietnam-grand-prix/cancellation-of-the-2020-f1-vietnam-p260">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pref.fukuoka.lg.jp&rft.atitle=International+Exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.fukuoka.lg.jp%2Fsite%2Fenglish%2Fen-about-international-organization-a5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIlia_Lobster2009" class="citation web cs1">Ilia Lobster (9 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150309233241/http://kazpravda.softdeco.net/c/1253012746">"Astana-Hanoi: horizons of cooperation"</a>. KazPravda.kz. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=seoul.go.kr&rft.atitle=Sister+and+Friendship+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.seoul.go.kr%2Fpolicy%2Finternational-exchange%2Fsister-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.um.warszawa.pl/aktualnosci/miasta-partnerskie-warszawy?page=0,1">"Miasta partnerskie Warszawy"</a>. <i>um.warszawa.pl</i> (in Polish). Warsaw. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407142707/http://www.um.warszawa.pl/aktualnosci/miasta-partnerskie-warszawy?page=0,1">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=um.warszawa.pl&rft.atitle=Miasta+partnerskie+Warszawy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.warszawa.pl%2Faktualnosci%2Fmiasta-partnerskie-warszawy%3Fpage%3D0%2C1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113203758/https://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/07/hanoi-days-in-moscow-helps-sister.html">"Hanoi Days in Moscow help sister cities"</a>. Vbusinessnews.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/07/hanoi-days-in-moscow-helps-sister.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hanoi+Days+in+Moscow+help+sister+cities&rft.pub=Vbusinessnews.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vnbusinessnews.com%2F2008%2F07%2Fhanoi-days-in-moscow-helps-sister.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statehouse.gov.sc/news/2173/bilateral-cooperation-between-seychelles-and-vietnam-takes-new-heights">"Bilateral cooperation between Seychelles and Vietnam takes new heights"</a>. <i>statehouse.gov.sc</i>. Office of the President of the Republic of Seychelles. 28 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916092641/https://www.statehouse.gov.sc/news/2173/bilateral-cooperation-between-seychelles-and-vietnam-takes-new-heights">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statehouse.gov.sc&rft.atitle=Bilateral+cooperation+between+Seychelles+and+Vietnam+takes+new+heights&rft.date=2013-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statehouse.gov.sc%2Fnews%2F2173%2Fbilateral-cooperation-between-seychelles-and-vietnam-takes-new-heights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iad.bangkok.go.th/en/list">"Relationship with Sister Cities"</a>. Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611230221/http://iad.bangkok.go.th/en/list">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Relationship+with+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Bangkok+Metropolitan+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiad.bangkok.go.th%2Fen%2Flist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.beijing.gov.cn/beijinginfo/sistercities/">"Sister Cities"</a>. <i>beijing.gov.cn</i>. Beijing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304024900/http://english.beijing.gov.cn/beijinginfo/sistercities/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=beijing.gov.cn&rft.atitle=Sister+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.beijing.gov.cn%2Fbeijinginfo%2Fsistercities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cn/world/2023-12/12/c_1130020819.htm">"元首外交｜盛情迎贵宾，在河内感受中越友好特殊情谊-新华网"</a>. <i>news.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%EF%BD%9C%E7%9B%9B%E6%83%85%E8%BF%8E%E8%B4%B5%E5%AE%BE%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A8%E6%B2%B3%E5%86%85%E6%84%9F%E5%8F%97%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%8A%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%83%85%E8%B0%8A-%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cn%2Fworld%2F2023-12%2F12%2Fc_1130020819.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ankara.bel.tr/genel-sekreter/genel-sekreter-yardimcisi1/dis-liskiler-daire-baskanligi/ankaranin-kardes-sehirleri/">"Ankaranın Kardeş Şehirleri"</a>. <i>ankara.bel.tr</i> (in Turkish). Ankara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520095330/https://www.ankara.bel.tr/genel-sekreter/genel-sekreter-yardimcisi1/dis-liskiler-daire-baskanligi/ankaranin-kardes-sehirleri/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ankara.bel.tr&rft.atitle=Ankaran%C4%B1n+Karde%C5%9F+%C5%9Eehirleri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ankara.bel.tr%2Fgenel-sekreter%2Fgenel-sekreter-yardimcisi1%2Fdis-liskiler-daire-baskanligi%2Fankaranin-kardes-sehirleri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minsk.gov.by/en/city/">"Twin towns of Minsk"</a>. <i>minsk.gov.by</i>. Minsk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200909212350/https://minsk.gov.by/en/city/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=minsk.gov.by&rft.atitle=Twin+towns+of+Minsk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminsk.gov.by%2Fen%2Fcity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune-italia.it/comune-palermo.html">"Comune di Palermo"</a>. <i>comune-italia.it</i> (in Italian). Comune Italia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200201100129/https://www.comune-italia.it/comune-palermo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comune-italia.it&rft.atitle=Comune+di+Palermo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune-italia.it%2Fcomune-palermo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vukuzenzele.gov.za/sa-grows-ties-vietnam-ally">"SA grows ties with Vietnam as ally"</a>. <i>vukuzenzele.gov.za</i>. Vuk'uzenzele. September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916075733/https://www.vukuzenzele.gov.za/sa-grows-ties-vietnam-ally">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vukuzenzele.gov.za&rft.atitle=SA+grows+ties+with+Vietnam+as+ally&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vukuzenzele.gov.za%2Fsa-grows-ties-vietnam-ally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hanoi#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Hanoi">Bibliography of the history of Hanoi</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoudarel2002" class="citation book cs1">Boudarel, Georges (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hanoicityofrisin0000boud"><i>Hanoi: City Of The Rising Dragon</i></a></span>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1655-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1655-7"><bdi>978-0-7425-1655-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hanoi%3A+City+Of+The+Rising+Dragon&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-1655-7&rft.aulast=Boudarel&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhanoicityofrisin0000boud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBielestein1986" class="citation cs2">Bielestein, Hans (1986), "Wang Mang, the restoration of the Han dynasty, and Later Han", in Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King (eds.), <i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">223–</span>290</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wang+Mang%2C+the+restoration+of+the+Han+dynasty%2C+and+Later+Han&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+1%2C+The+Ch%27in+and+Han+Empires%2C+221+BC-AD+220&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E290&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Bielestein&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoddLewis2003" class="citation book cs1">Dodd, Jan; Lewis, Mark (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7WvOSgCHrOoC&pg=PA408"><i>Rough Guide to Vietnam</i></a>. Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-095-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-095-4"><bdi>978-1-84353-095-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rough+Guide+to+Vietnam&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84353-095-4&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7WvOSgCHrOoC%26pg%3DPA408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrummondThomas2003" class="citation book cs1">Drummond, Lisa; Thomas, Mandy (5 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZgyNiX7vI4C&pg=PA125"><i>Consuming Urban Culture in Contemporary Vietnam</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-98794-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-98794-0"><bdi>978-0-203-98794-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consuming+Urban+Culture+in+Contemporary+Vietnam&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003-06-05&rft.isbn=978-0-203-98794-0&rft.aulast=Drummond&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Mandy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-ZgyNiX7vI4C%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJamieson1995" class="citation book cs1">Jamieson, Neil L. (1995). <i>Understanding Vietnam</i>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20157-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20157-6"><bdi>978-0-520-20157-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Vietnam&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20157-6&rft.aulast=Jamieson&rft.aufirst=Neil+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButtinger1958" class="citation book cs1">Buttinger, Joseph (1958). <i>The Smaller Dragon: A Political History of Vietnam</i>. Praeger Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Smaller+Dragon%3A+A+Political+History+of+Vietnam&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Buttinger&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrindley2015" class="citation book cs1">Brindley, Erica (2015). <i>Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, C.400 BCE-50 CE</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-08478-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-08478-0"><bdi>978-1-107-08478-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+China+and+the+Yue%3A+Perceptions+and+Identities+on+the+Southern+Frontier%2C+C.400+BCE-50+CE&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-107-08478-0&rft.aulast=Brindley&rft.aufirst=Erica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNam_C._Kim2015" class="citation book cs1">Nam C. Kim (2015). <i>The Origins of Ancient Vietnam</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-998089-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-998089-5"><bdi>978-0-19-998089-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Ancient+Vietnam&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-998089-5&rft.au=Nam+C.+Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1983" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Keith Weller (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rCl_02LnNVIC"><i>The Birth of Vietnam</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07417-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07417-0"><bdi>978-0-520-07417-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Vietnam&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07417-0&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Keith+Weller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrCl_02LnNVIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2013" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Keith Weller (2013). <i>A History of the Vietnamese</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87586-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87586-8"><bdi>978-0-521-87586-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Vietnamese&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87586-8&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Keith+Weller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiksicYian2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_N._Miksic" title="John N. Miksic">Miksic, John Norman</a>; Yian, Go Geok (2016). <i>Ancient Southeast Asia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27903-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-27903-7"><bdi>978-1-317-27903-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Southeast+Asia&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-27903-7&rft.aulast=Miksic&rft.aufirst=John+Norman&rft.au=Yian%2C+Go+Geok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKiernan2019" class="citation book cs1">Kiernan, Ben (2019). <i>Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-005379-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-005379-6"><bdi>978-0-19-005379-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam%3A+a+history+from+earliest+time+to+the+present&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-005379-6&rft.aulast=Kiernan&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPurton2009" class="citation book cs1">Purton, Peter Fraser (2009). <i>A History of the Late Medieval Siege, 450-1220</i>. Boydell & Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-448-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-448-9"><bdi>978-1-84383-448-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Late+Medieval+Siege%2C+450-1220&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-448-9&rft.aulast=Purton&rft.aufirst=Peter+Fraser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPark2012" class="citation book cs1">Park, Hyunhee (2012). <i>Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Pre-Modern Asia</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01868-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01868-6"><bdi>978-1-107-01868-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mapping+the+Chinese+and+Islamic+Worlds%3A+Cross-Cultural+Exchange+in+Pre-Modern+Asia&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-01868-6&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Hyunhee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoudarelNguyenNguyễn2002" class="citation book cs1">Boudarel, Georges; Nguyen, Van Ky; Nguyễn, Văn Ký (2002). Duiker, Claire (ed.). <i>Hanoi: City of the Rising Dragon</i>. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1655-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1655-7"><bdi>978-0-7425-1655-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hanoi%3A+City+of+the+Rising+Dragon&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-1655-7&rft.aulast=Boudarel&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Van+Ky&rft.au=Nguy%E1%BB%85n%2C+V%C4%83n+K%C3%BD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoewe2004" class="citation cs2">Loewe, Michael (2004), "Guangzhou: the Evidence of the Standard Histories from the <i>Shi ji</i> to the <i>Chen shu</i>, a Preliminary Survey", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f0zZPMlu0L0C&pg=PA60"><i>Guangdong: Archaeology and Early Texts (Zhou–Tang)</i></a>, Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. <span class="nowrap">51–</span>80, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-447-05060-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-447-05060-8"><bdi>3-447-05060-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guangzhou%3A+the+Evidence+of+the+Standard+Histories+from+the+Shi+ji+to+the+Chen+shu%2C+a+Preliminary+Survey&rft.btitle=Guangdong%3A+Archaeology+and+Early+Texts+%28Zhou%E2%80%93Tang%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.pub=Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-447-05060-8&rft.aulast=Loewe&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df0zZPMlu0L0C%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2002" class="citation book cs1">Rutherford, Scott (1 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kRi_BKq60OgC&pg=PA380"><i>Vietnam</i></a>. Langenscheidt Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-234-984-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-234-984-2"><bdi>978-981-234-984-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam&rft.pub=Langenscheidt+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.isbn=978-981-234-984-2&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkRi_BKq60OgC%26pg%3DPA380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTran1977" class="citation cs2">Tran Quoc Vuong & al.; et al. (1977), <i>Hanoi: From the Origins to the 19th Century</i>, Vietnamese Studies, Hanoi: Xunhasaba</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hanoi%3A+From+the+Origins+to+the+19th+Century&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.series=Vietnamese+Studies&rft.pub=Xunhasaba&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Quoc+Vuong&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Vinh+Long&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurner1975" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Robert F. (1975). <i>Vietnamese Communism: Its Origins and Development</i>. Stanford: <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-1431-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-1431-8"><bdi>978-0-8179-1431-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnamese+Communism%3A+Its+Origins+and+Development&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-1431-8&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhanNguyễnNguyễn1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Phan_Huy_L%C3%AA" title="Phan Huy Lê">Phan, Huy Lê</a>; Nguyễn, Quang Ngọc; Nguyễn, Đình Lễ (1997). <i>The Country Life in the Red River Delta</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Country+Life+in+the+Red+River+Delta&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Phan&rft.aufirst=Huy+L%C3%AA&rft.au=Nguy%E1%BB%85n%2C+Quang+Ng%E1%BB%8Dc&rft.au=Nguy%E1%BB%85n%2C+%C4%90%C3%ACnh+L%E1%BB%85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFĐào_Duy_Anh2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0o_Duy_Anh" title="Đào Duy Anh">Đào Duy Anh</a> (2016) [1964]. <i>Đất nước Việt Nam qua các đời: nghiên cứu địa lý học lịch sử Việt Nam</i> (in Vietnamese). Nha Nam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-604-94-8700-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-604-94-8700-2"><bdi>978-604-94-8700-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+qua+c%C3%A1c+%C4%91%E1%BB%9Di%3A+nghi%C3%AAn+c%E1%BB%A9u+%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba+l%C3%BD+h%E1%BB%8Dc+l%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft.pub=Nha+Nam&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-604-94-8700-2&rft.au=%C4%90%C3%A0o+Duy+Anh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForbesHenley2012" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2012). "A Scholar's Memoirs of the 36 Streets". <i>Vietnam Past and Present: The North (History and culture of Hanoi and Tonkin)</i>. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B006DCCM9Q">B006DCCM9Q</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Scholar%27s+Memoirs+of+the+36+Streets&rft.btitle=Vietnam+Past+and+Present%3A+The+North+%28History+and+culture+of+Hanoi+and+Tonkin%29&rft.place=Chiang+Mai&rft.pub=Cognoscenti+Books&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB006DCCM9Q%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Henley%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYü1986" class="citation book cs1">Yü, Ying-shih (1986). "Han foreign relations". In Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">377–</span>463.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Han+foreign+relations&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+1%2C+The+Ch%27in+and+Han+Empires%2C+221+BC-AD+220&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E377-%3C%2Fspan%3E463&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Y%C3%BC&rft.aufirst=Ying-shih&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLogan2000" class="citation book cs1">Logan, William S. (2000). <i>Hanoi: Biography of a City</i>. University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98014-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98014-0"><bdi>978-0-295-98014-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hanoi%3A+Biography+of+a+City&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-295-98014-0&rft.aulast=Logan&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVann2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_G._Vann" title="Michael G. Vann">Vann, Michael G.</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/ushe/product/the-great-hanoi-rat-hunt-9780190602697?cc=us&lang=en&"><i>The Great Hanoi Rat Hunt: Empire, Disease, and Modernity in French Colonial Vietnam</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Hanoi+Rat+Hunt%3A+Empire%2C+Disease%2C+and+Modernity+in+French+Colonial+Vietnam&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Vann&rft.aufirst=Michael+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Fushe%2Fproduct%2Fthe-great-hanoi-rat-hunt-9780190602697%3Fcc%3Dus%26lang%3Den%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHanoi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanoi&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.hanoi.gov.vn/">Official site of Hanoi Government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520020052/https://english.hanoi.gov.vn/">Archived</a> 20 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.nytimes.com/2007/02/18/travel/18hanoi.html">An article in <i>New York Times</i> about Hanoi</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hanoi#Q1858" class="extiw" title="voy:Hanoi">Hanoi</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1903516">Hanoi</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Hanoi24" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Hanoi24" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Hanoi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ph%C3%BAc_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Vĩnh Phúc Province">Vĩnh Phúc Province</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Thái Nguyên Province">Thái Nguyên Province</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bắc Giang Province">Bắc Giang Province</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Th%E1%BB%8D_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Phú Thọ Province">Phú Thọ Province</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Hanoi</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bắc Ninh Province">Bắc Ninh Province</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hòa Bình Province">Hòa Bình Province</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Nam_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Nam Province">Hà Nam Province</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hưng Yên Province">Hưng Yên Province</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Hanoi92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Hanoi92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Hanoi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hanoi124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanoi_Municipality" title="Template:Hanoi Municipality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanoi_Municipality" title="Template talk:Hanoi Municipality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanoi_Municipality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanoi Municipality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hanoi124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanoi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_districts_of_Vietnam" title="List of urban districts of Vietnam">Urban districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_district" title="Ba Đình district">Ba Đình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm_district" title="Bắc Từ Liêm district">Bắc Từ Liêm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_district" title="Cầu Giấy district">Cầu Giấy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_district" title="Đống Đa district">Đống Đa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_district" title="Hà Đông district">Hà Đông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_B%C3%A0_Tr%C6%B0ng_district" title="Hai Bà Trưng district">Hai Bà Trưng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_district" title="Hoàn Kiếm district">Hoàn Kiếm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Mai_district,_Hanoi" title="Hoàng Mai district, Hanoi">Hoàng Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn_district" title="Long Biên district">Long Biên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm_district" title="Nam Từ Liêm district">Nam Từ Liêm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_H%E1%BB%93_district" title="Tây Hồ district">Tây Hồ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Xu%C3%A2n_district" title="Thanh Xuân district">Thanh Xuân</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanoi"><img alt="Hanoi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg/100px-Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg/150px-Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg/200px-Ha_Noi_in_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District-level_town" title="District-level town">District-level town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y,_Hanoi" title="Sơn Tây, Hanoi">Sơn Tây</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District_(Vietnam)" title="District (Vietnam)">Rural districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_V%C3%AC_district" title="Ba Vì district">Ba Vì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_M%E1%BB%B9_district" title="Chương Mỹ district">Chương Mỹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90an_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_district" title="Đan Phượng district">Đan Phượng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Anh_district" title="Đông Anh district">Đông Anh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_L%C3%A2m_district" title="Gia Lâm district">Gia Lâm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0i_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_district" title="Hoài Đức district">Hoài Đức</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%AA_Linh_district" title="Mê Linh district">Mê Linh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_district" title="Mỹ Đức district">Mỹ Đức</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Xuy%C3%AAn_district" title="Phú Xuyên district">Phú Xuyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_Th%E1%BB%8D_district" title="Phúc Thọ district">Phúc Thọ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_Oai_district" title="Quốc Oai district">Quốc Oai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3c_S%C6%A1n_district" title="Sóc Sơn district">Sóc Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Oai_district" title="Thanh Oai district">Thanh Oai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_Th%E1%BA%A5t_district" title="Thạch Thất district">Thạch Thất</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Tr%C3%AC_district" title="Thanh Trì district">Thanh Trì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_T%C3%ADn_district" title="Thường Tín district">Thường Tín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%A8ng_H%C3%B2a_district" title="Ứng Hòa district">Ứng Hòa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Vietnam386" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Subdivisions of Vietnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang_province" title="Bắc Giang province">Bắc Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n_province" title="Bắc Kạn province">Bắc Kạn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province" title="Cao Bằng province">Cao Bằng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang_province" title="Hà Giang province">Hà Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n_province" title="Lạng Sơn province">Lạng Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Th%E1%BB%8D_province" title="Phú Thọ province">Phú Thọ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ninh_province" title="Quảng Ninh province">Quảng Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn_province" title="Thái Nguyên province">Thái Nguyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuy%C3%AAn_Quang_province" title="Tuyên Quang province">Tuyên Quang </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Bi%C3%AAn_province" title="Điện Biên province">Điện Biên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Hòa Bình province">Hòa Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ch%C3%A2u_province" title="Lai Châu province">Lai Châu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0o_Cai_province" title="Lào Cai province">Lào Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_La_province" title="Sơn La province">Sơn La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_B%C3%A1i_province" title="Yên Bái province">Yên Bái</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh_province" title="Bắc Ninh province">Bắc Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Nam_province" title="Hà Nam province">Hà Nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Hải Dương province">Hải Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn_province" title="Hưng Yên province">Hưng Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_province" title="Nam Định province">Nam Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Ninh Bình province">Ninh Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Thái Bình province">Thái Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ph%C3%BAc_province" title="Vĩnh Phúc province">Vĩnh Phúc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh_province" title="Hà Tĩnh province">Hà Tĩnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_An_province" title="Nghệ An province">Nghệ An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Quảng Bình province">Quảng Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B_province" title="Quảng Trị province">Quảng Trị</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a_province" title="Thanh Hóa province">Thanh Hóa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Coast" title="South Central Coast">South Central Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_province" title="Bình Định province">Bình Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_province" title="Bình Thuận province">Bình Thuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%A1nh_H%C3%B2a_province" title="Khánh Hòa province">Khánh Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_province" title="Ninh Thuận province">Ninh Thuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Y%C3%AAn_province" title="Phú Yên province">Phú Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Nam_province" title="Quảng Nam province">Quảng Nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ng%C3%A3i_province" title="Quảng Ngãi province">Quảng Ngãi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk_province" title="Đắk Lắk province">Đắk Lắk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C4%83k_N%C3%B4ng_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Đăk Nông province">Đắk Nông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_Lai_province" title="Gia Lai province">Gia Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon_Tum_province" title="Kon Tum province">Kon Tum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2m_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_province" title="Lâm Đồng province">Lâm Đồng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba%E2%80%93V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u_province" title="Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province">Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_province" title="Bình Phước province">Bình Phước</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_province" title="Đồng Nai province">Đồng Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh_province" title="Tây Ninh province">Tây Ninh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Giang_province" title="An Giang province">An Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c_Li%C3%AAu_province" title="Bạc Liêu province">Bạc Liêu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Tre_province" title="Bến Tre province">Bến Tre </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau_province" title="Cà Mau province">Cà Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Th%C3%A1p_province" title="Đồng Tháp province">Đồng Tháp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%ADu_Giang_province" title="Hậu Giang province">Hậu Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%C3%AAn_Giang_province" title="Kiên Giang province">Kiên Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_An_province" title="Long An province">Long An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3c_Tr%C4%83ng_province" title="Sóc Trăng province">Sóc Trăng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_Giang_province" title="Tiền Giang province">Tiền Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0_Vinh_province" title="Trà Vinh province">Trà Vinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Long_province" title="Vĩnh Long province">Vĩnh Long</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district-level_subdivisions_in_Vietnam" title="List of district-level subdivisions in Vietnam">District level subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune-level_subdivisions_(Vietnam)" title="Commune-level subdivisions (Vietnam)">Commune level subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">List of cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam#Historical_provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">List of former provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Vietnam237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Vietnam" title="Template:Cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Vietnam237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Cities in Vietnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_city_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal city (Vietnam)">Municipal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thủ Đức</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Thủy Nguyên">Thủy Nguyên</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_city_(Vietnam)" title="Provincial city (Vietnam)">Provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh" title="Bắc Ninh">Bắc Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a" title="Biên Hòa">Biên Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_Ma_Thu%E1%BB%99t" title="Buôn Ma Thuột">Buôn Ma Thuột</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Lat" title="Da Lat">Da Lat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Long" title="Hạ Long">Hạ Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hải Dương">Hải Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_L%C6%B0_(city)" title="Hoa Lư (city)">Hoa Lư</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Xuy%C3%AAn" title="Long Xuyên">Long Xuyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_Tho" title="Mỹ Tho">Mỹ Tho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nha_Trang" title="Nha Trang">Nha Trang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Phú Quốc">Phú Quốc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiku" title="Pleiku">Pleiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quy_Nhon" title="Quy Nhon">Quy Nhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E1%BA%A1ch_Gi%C3%A1" title="Rạch Giá">Rạch Giá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Thái Nguyên">Thái Nguyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a" title="Thanh Hóa">Thanh Hóa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_D%E1%BA%A7u_M%E1%BB%99t" title="Thủ Dầu Một">Thủ Dầu Một</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Tr%C3%AC" title="Việt Trì">Việt Trì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinh" title="Vinh">Vinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u" title="Vũng Tàu">Vũng Tàu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba" title="Bà Rịa">Bà Rịa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c_Li%C3%AAu" title="Bạc Liêu">Bạc Liêu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang" title="Bắc Giang">Bắc Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Tre" title="Bến Tre">Bến Tre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau" title="Cà Mau">Cà Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_L%C3%A3nh_(city)" title="Cao Lãnh (city)">Cao Lãnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A9m_Ph%E1%BA%A3" title="Cẩm Phả">Cẩm Phả</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_%C4%90%E1%BB%91c" title="Châu Đốc">Châu Đốc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_H%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đồng Hới">Đồng Hới</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh" title="Hà Tĩnh">Hà Tĩnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0o_Cai" title="Lào Cai">Lào Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n" title="Lạng Sơn">Lạng Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3ng_C%C3%A1i" title="Móng Cái">Móng Cái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Nam Định">Nam Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_Rang%E2%80%93Th%C3%A1p_Ch%C3%A0m" title="Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm">Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_Thi%E1%BA%BFt" title="Phan Thiết">Phan Thiết</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A7_L%C3%BD" title="Phủ Lý">Phủ Lý</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ng%C3%A3i" title="Quảng Ngãi">Quảng Ngãi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_%C4%90%C3%A9c" title="Sa Đéc">Sa Đéc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_La" title="Sơn La">Sơn La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Tam Kỳ">Tam Kỳ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_An" title="Tân An">Tân An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh" title="Thái Bình">Thái Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0_Vinh" title="Trà Vinh">Trà Vinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuy_H%C3%B2a" title="Tuy Hòa">Tuy Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%B4ng_B%C3%AD" title="Uông Bí">Uông Bí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BB%8B_Thanh" title="Vị Thanh">Vị Thanh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Long" title="Vĩnh Long">Vĩnh Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Y%C3%AAn" title="Vĩnh Yên">Vĩnh Yên</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n" title="Bắc Kạn">Bắc Kạn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_L%E1%BB%99c" title="Bảo Lộc">Bảo Lộc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_C%C3%A1t" title="Bến Cát">Bến Cát</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_Ranh" title="Cam Ranh">Cam Ranh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Cao Bằng">Cao Bằng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AD_Linh" title="Chí Linh">Chí Linh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%A9_An" title="Dĩ An">Dĩ An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Bi%C3%AAn_Ph%E1%BB%A7" title="Điện Biên Phủ">Điện Biên Phủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_H%C3%A0" title="Đông Hà">Đông Hà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u" title="Đông Triều">Đông Triều</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Xo%C3%A0i" title="Đồng Xoài">Đồng Xoài</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_Ngh%C4%A9a" title="Gia Nghĩa">Gia Nghĩa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B2_C%C3%B4ng" title="Gò Công">Gò Công</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang" title="Hà Giang">Hà Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Hà Tiên">Hà Tiên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh_(city)" title="Hòa Bình (city)">Hòa Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_An" title="Hội An">Hội An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn" title="Hưng Yên">Hưng Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_Ng%E1%BB%B1_(city)" title="Hồng Ngự (city)">Hồng Ngự</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon_Tum" title="Kon Tum">Kon Tum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Lai Châu">Lai Châu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Kh%C3%A1nh" title="Long Khánh">Long Khánh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A3_B%E1%BA%A3y" title="Ngã Bảy">Ngã Bảy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%95_Y%C3%AAn" title="Phổ Yên">Phổ Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Phú Mỹ">Phú Mỹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_Y%C3%AAn" title="Phúc Yên">Phúc Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%A7m_S%C6%A1n" title="Sầm Sơn">Sầm Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3c_Tr%C4%83ng" title="Sóc Trăng">Sóc Trăng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_C%C3%B4ng" title="Sông Công">Sông Công</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_Uy%C3%AAn,_B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Tân Uyên, Bình Dương">Tân Uyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_%C4%90i%E1%BB%87p" title="Tam Điệp">Tam Điệp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh" title="Tây Ninh">Tây Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_An" title="Thuận An">Thuận An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuy%C3%AAn_Quang" title="Tuyên Quang">Tuyên Quang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_S%C6%A1n" title="Từ Sơn">Từ Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_B%C3%A1i" title="Yên Bái">Yên Bái</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District-level_town_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="District-level town (Vietnam)">District-level towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Nh%C6%A1n" title="An Nhơn">An Nhơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BB%89m_S%C6%A1n" title="Bỉm Sơn">Bỉm Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Minh" title="Bình Minh">Bình Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_L%E1%BA%ADy_(town)" title="Cai Lậy (town)">Cai Lậy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%BB%B3_Anh_(town)" title="Kỳ Anh (town)">Kỳ Anh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gi" title="La Gi">La Gi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_M%E1%BB%B9_(town)" title="Long Mỹ (town)">Long Mỹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Phú Thọ">Phú Thọ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Y%C3%AAn" title="Quảng Yên">Quảng Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_C%E1%BA%A7u" title="Sông Cầu">Sông Cầu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y,_Hanoi" title="Sơn Tây, Hanoi">Sơn Tây</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_Ch%C3%A2u,_An_Giang" title="Tân Châu, An Giang">Tân Châu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Kh%C3%AA" title="An Khê">An Khê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayun_Pa" title="Ayun Pa">Ayun Pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%E1%BB%93n" title="Ba Đồn">Ba Đồn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Long" title="Bình Long">Bình Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_H%E1%BB%93" title="Buôn Hồ">Buôn Hồ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C6%A1n_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Chơn Thành">Chơn Thành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%A9" title="Chũ">Chũ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duy_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Duy Tiên">Duy Tiên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duy%C3%AAn_H%E1%BA%A3i_(town)" title="Duyên Hải (town)">Duyên Hải</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_B%C3%A0n" title="Điện Bàn">Điện Bàn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Ph%E1%BB%95" title="Đức Phổ">Đức Phổ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_H%C3%B2a" title="Đông Hòa">Đông Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A1_Rai" title="Giá Rai">Giá Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Hòa Thành">Hòa Thành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0i_Nh%C6%A1n" title="Hoài Nhơn">Hoài Nhơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Mai,_Ngh%E1%BB%87_An" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàng Mai, Nghệ An">Hoàng Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_L%C4%A9nh" title="Hồng Lĩnh">Hồng Lĩnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Th%E1%BB%A7y" title="Hương Thủy">Hương Thủy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Tr%C3%A0" title="Hương Trà">Hương Trà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_T%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Kiến Tường">Kiến Tường</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinh_M%C3%B4n" title="Kinh Môn">Kinh Môn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Lay" title="Mường Lay">Mường Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_H%C3%A0o" title="Mỹ Hào">Mỹ Hào</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A3_N%C4%83m" title="Ngã Năm">Ngã Năm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nghi_S%C6%A1n" title="Nghi Sơn">Nghi Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngh%C4%A9a_L%E1%BB%99" title="Nghĩa Lộ">Nghĩa Lộ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_H%C3%B2a" title="Ninh Hòa">Ninh Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Long,_B%C3%ACnh_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Phước Long, Bình Phước">Phước Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Quảng Trị">Quảng Trị</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%BF_V%C3%B5" title="Quế Võ">Quế Võ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Pa" title="Sa Pa">Sa Pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_H%C3%B2a" title="Thái Hòa">Thái Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Thuận Thành">Thuận Thành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%8Bnh_Bi%C3%AAn" title="Tịnh Biên">Tịnh Biên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%A0ng" title="Trảng Bàng">Trảng Bàng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Y%C3%AAn" title="Việt Yên">Việt Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Vĩnh Châu">Vĩnh Châu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_the_Red_River_Delta318" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Red_River_Delta" title="Template:Districts of Red River Delta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Districts_of_Red_River_Delta" title="Template talk:Districts of Red River Delta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Districts_of_Red_River_Delta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Districts of Red River Delta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_the_Red_River_Delta318" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Vietnam">Districts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanoi</a> city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Urban districts</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_district" title="Ba Đình district">Ba Đình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm_district" title="Bắc Từ Liêm district">Bắc Từ Liêm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_district" title="Cầu Giấy district">Cầu Giấy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_district" title="Đống Đa district">Đống Đa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_district" title="Hà Đông district">Hà Đông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_B%C3%A0_Tr%C6%B0ng_district" title="Hai Bà Trưng district">Hai Bà Trưng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_district" title="Hoàn Kiếm district">Hoàn Kiếm</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Mai_district,_Hanoi" title="Hoàng Mai district, Hanoi">Hoàng Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn_district" title="Long Biên district">Long Biên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_T%E1%BB%AB_Li%C3%AAm_district" title="Nam Từ Liêm district">Nam Từ Liêm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_H%E1%BB%93_district" title="Tây Hồ district">Tây Hồ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Xu%C3%A2n_district" title="Thanh Xuân district">Thanh Xuân</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y,_Hanoi" title="Sơn Tây, Hanoi">Sơn Tây</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_V%C3%AC_district" title="Ba Vì district">Ba Vì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_M%E1%BB%B9_district" title="Chương Mỹ district">Chương Mỹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90an_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_district" title="Đan Phượng district">Đan Phượng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Anh_district" title="Đông Anh district">Đông Anh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_L%C3%A2m_district" title="Gia Lâm district">Gia Lâm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0i_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_district" title="Hoài Đức district">Hoài Đức</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%AA_Linh_district" title="Mê Linh district">Mê Linh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_district" title="Mỹ Đức district">Mỹ Đức</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Xuy%C3%AAn_district" title="Phú Xuyên district">Phú Xuyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_Th%E1%BB%8D_district" title="Phúc Thọ district">Phúc Thọ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_Oai_district" title="Quốc Oai district">Quốc Oai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3c_S%C6%A1n_district" title="Sóc Sơn district">Sóc Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Oai_district" title="Thanh Oai district">Thanh Oai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_Th%E1%BA%A5t_district" title="Thạch Thất district">Thạch Thất</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Tr%C3%AC_district" title="Thanh Trì district">Thanh Trì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_T%C3%ADn_district" title="Thường Tín district">Thường Tín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%A8ng_H%C3%B2a_district" title="Ứng Hòa district">Ứng Hòa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_River_Delta_in_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Red_River_Delta_in_Vietnam.svg/100px-Red_River_Delta_in_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Red_River_Delta_in_Vietnam.svg/150px-Red_River_Delta_in_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Red_River_Delta_in_Vietnam.svg/200px-Red_River_Delta_in_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a> city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Urban districts</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_district" title="An Dương district">An Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Kinh_district" title="Dương Kinh district">Dương Kinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93_S%C6%A1n_district" title="Đồ Sơn district">Đồ Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_An_district" title="Hải An district">Hải An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_B%C3%A0ng_district" title="Hồng Bàng district">Hồng Bàng</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_An_district" title="Kiến An district">Kiến An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Ch%C3%A2n_district" title="Lê Chân district">Lê Chân</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_Quy%E1%BB%81n_district" title="Ngô Quyền district">Ngô Quyền</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Thủy Nguyên">Thủy Nguyên</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_L%C3%A3o_district,_Haiphong" title="An Lão district, Haiphong">An Lão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1ch_Long_V%C4%A9_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bạch Long Vĩ island">Bạch Long Vĩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1t_H%E1%BA%A3i_district" title="Cát Hải district">Cát Hải</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_Th%E1%BB%A5y_district" title="Kiến Thụy district">Kiến Thụy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%AAn_L%C3%A3ng_district" title="Tiên Lãng district">Tiên Lãng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_B%E1%BA%A3o_district" title="Vĩnh Bảo district">Vĩnh Bảo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh_province" title="Bắc Ninh province">Bắc Ninh province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh" title="Bắc Ninh">Bắc Ninh</a> city<sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_S%C6%A1n" title="Từ Sơn">Từ Sơn</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%BF_V%C3%B5" title="Quế Võ">Quế Võ</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Thuận Thành">Thuận Thành</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_B%C3%ACnh_district" title="Gia Bình district">Gia Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_T%C3%A0i_district" title="Lương Tài district">Lương Tài</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%AAn_Du_district" title="Tiên Du district">Tiên Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_Phong_district" title="Yên Phong district">Yên Phong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Nam_province" title="Hà Nam province">Hà Nam province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A7_L%C3%BD" title="Phủ Lý">Phủ Lý</a> city<sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duy_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Duy Tiên">Duy Tiên</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_L%E1%BB%A5c_district" title="Bình Lục district">Bình Lục</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_B%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Kim Bảng">Kim Bảng</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Nh%C3%A2n_district" title="Lý Nhân district">Lý Nhân</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Li%C3%AAm_district" title="Thanh Liêm district">Thanh Liêm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Hải Dương province">Hải Dương province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AD_Linh" title="Chí Linh">Chí Linh</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hải Dương">Hải Dương</a> city<sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinh_M%C3%B4n" title="Kinh Môn">Kinh Môn</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Giang_district" title="Bình Giang district">Bình Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A9m_Gi%C3%A0ng_district" title="Cẩm Giàng district">Cẩm Giàng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_L%E1%BB%99c_district" title="Gia Lộc district">Gia Lộc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Th%C3%A0nh_district" title="Kim Thành district">Kim Thành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_S%C3%A1ch_district" title="Nam Sách district">Nam Sách</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_Giang_district" title="Ninh Giang district">Ninh Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%A0_district" title="Thanh Hà district">Thanh Hà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_Mi%E1%BB%87n_district" title="Thanh Miện district">Thanh Miện</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%A9_K%E1%BB%B3_district" title="Tứ Kỳ district">Tứ Kỳ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn_province" title="Hưng Yên province">Hưng Yên province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn" title="Hưng Yên">Hưng Yên</a> city<sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_H%C3%A0o" title="Mỹ Hào">Mỹ Hào</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82n_Thi_district" title="Ân Thi district">Ân Thi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho%C3%A1i_Ch%C3%A2u_district" title="Khoái Châu district">Khoái Châu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_district" title="Kim Động district">Kim Động</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9_C%E1%BB%AB_district" title="Phù Cừ district">Phù Cừ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%AAn_L%E1%BB%AF_district" title="Tiên Lữ district">Tiên Lữ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%83n_Giang_district" title="Văn Giang district">Văn Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%83n_L%C3%A2m_district" title="Văn Lâm district">Văn Lâm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_M%E1%BB%B9_district" title="Yên Mỹ district">Yên Mỹ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_province" title="Nam Định province">Nam Định province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Nam Định">Nam Định</a> city<sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giao_Th%E1%BB%A7y_district" title="Giao Thủy district">Giao Thủy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu_district" title="Hải Hậu district">Hải Hậu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_Tr%E1%BB%B1c_district" title="Nam Trực district">Nam Trực</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngh%C4%A9a_H%C6%B0ng_district" title="Nghĩa Hưng district">Nghĩa Hưng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%B1c_Ninh_district" title="Trực Ninh district">Trực Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BB%A5_B%E1%BA%A3n_district" title="Vụ Bản district">Vụ Bản</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu%C3%A2n_Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_district" title="Xuân Trường district">Xuân Trường</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9D_Y%C3%AAn_district" title="Ý Yên district">Ý Yên</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Ninh Bình province">Ninh Bình province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_L%C6%B0_(city)" title="Hoa Lư (city)">Hoa Lư</a> city<sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_%C4%90i%E1%BB%87p" title="Tam Điệp">Tam Điệp</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_Vi%E1%BB%85n_district" title="Gia Viễn district">Gia Viễn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_S%C6%A1n_district" title="Kim Sơn district">Kim Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nho_Quan_district" title="Nho Quan district">Nho Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_Kh%C3%A1nh_district" title="Yên Khánh district">Yên Khánh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_M%C3%B4_district" title="Yên Mô district">Yên Mô</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Thái Bình province">Thái Bình province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh" title="Thái Bình">Thái Bình</a> city<sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_H%C6%B0ng_district" title="Đông Hưng district">Đông Hưng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_H%C3%A0_district" title="Hưng Hà district">Hưng Hà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_X%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_district" title="Kiến Xương district">Kiến Xương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%B3nh_Ph%E1%BB%A5_district" title="Quỳnh Phụ district">Quỳnh Phụ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Th%E1%BB%A5y_district" title="Thái Thụy district">Thái Thụy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_H%E1%BA%A3i_district" title="Tiền Hải district">Tiền Hải</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9_Th%C6%B0_district" title="Vũ Thư district">Vũ Thư</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ph%C3%BAc_province" title="Vĩnh Phúc province">Vĩnh Phúc province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_Y%C3%AAn" title="Phúc Yên">Phúc Yên</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Y%C3%AAn" title="Vĩnh Yên">Vĩnh Yên</a> city<sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Xuy%C3%AAn_district" title="Bình Xuyên district">Bình Xuyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%ADp_Th%E1%BA%A1ch_district" title="Lập Thạch district">Lập Thạch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_L%C3%B4_district" title="Sông Lô district">Sông Lô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_district" title="Tam Đảo district">Tam Đảo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_district" title="Tam Dương district">Tam Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_T%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_district" title="Vĩnh Tường district">Vĩnh Tường</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_L%E1%BA%A1c_district" title="Yên Lạc district">Yên Lạc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>※</sup> denotes provincial seat.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Landmarks_of_Hanoi143" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanoi_tourism" title="Template:Hanoi tourism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanoi_tourism" title="Template talk:Hanoi tourism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanoi_tourism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanoi tourism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_of_Hanoi143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Landmarks of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanoi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_Lake" title="Hoàn Kiếm Lake">Hoàn Kiếm Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Tower" title="Turtle Tower">Turtle Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%AA_H%C3%BAc_Bridge" title="Thê Húc Bridge">Thê Húc Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Quarter,_Hanoi" title="Old Quarter, Hanoi">Old Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Square" title="Ba Đình Square">Ba Đình Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Mausoleum" title="Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum">Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Square" title="Labour Square">Labour Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_Park_(Hanoi)" title="Lenin Park (Hanoi)">Lenin Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feudal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long">Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Literature,_Hanoi" title="Temple of Literature, Hanoi">Temple of Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_Loa_Citadel" title="Cổ Loa Citadel">Cổ Loa Citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_Mound" title="Đống Đa Mound">Đống Đa Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi" title="Flag Tower of Hanoi">Flag Tower of Hanoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French<br />colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Opera_House" title="Hanoi Opera House">Hanoi Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais_(Hanoi)" title="Grand Palais (Hanoi)">Grand Palais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn_Bridge" title="Long Biên Bridge">Long Biên Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofitel_Legend_Metropole_Hanoi" title="Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi">Hôtel Métropole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Hanoi" title="Presidential Palace, Hanoi">Presidential Palace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_Historical_Site" title="Presidential Palace Historical Site">Historical Site</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Guest_House_(Vietnam)" title="State Guest House (Vietnam)">State Guest House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Fa_L%C3%B2_Prison" title="Hỏa Lò Prison">Hỏa Lò Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Vietnam" title="State Bank of Vietnam">State Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_University_of_Pharmacy" title="Hanoi University of Pharmacy">Medical College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature and parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_V%C3%AC_National_Park" title="Ba Vì National Park">Ba Vì National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_(Hanoi)" title="West Lake (Hanoi)">West Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n_Quang_Lake" title="Thiền Quang Lake">Thiền Quang Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BAc_B%E1%BA%A1ch_Lake" title="Trúc Bạch Lake">Trúc Bạch Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(Asia)" title="Red River (Asia)">Red River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buddhist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A1n_S%E1%BB%A9_Pagoda" title="Quán Sứ Pagoda">Quán Sứ Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Pillar_Pagoda" title="One Pillar Pagoda">One Pillar Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Temple" title="Hương Temple">Hương Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A7y_Temple" title="Thầy Temple">Thầy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A5n_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Pagoda" title="Trấn Quốc Pagoda">Trấn Quốc Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1ng_Temple" title="Láng Temple">Láng Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non_N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Pagoda_(Hanoi)" title="Non Nước Pagoda (Hanoi)">Non Nước Pagoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catholic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Hanoi" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Hanoi">St. Joseph's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%ADa_B%E1%BA%AFc_Church" title="Cửa Bắc Church">Cửa Bắc Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0m_Long_Church" title="Hàm Long Church">Hàm Long Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9ng_Khoang_Church" title="Phùng Khoang Church">Phùng Khoang Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taoist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A1n_Th%C3%A1nh_Temple" title="Quán Thánh Temple">Quán Thánh Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_S%C6%A1n_Temple" title="Ngọc Sơn Temple">Ngọc Sơn Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hai_B%C3%A0_Tr%C6%B0ng_Temple_(%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nh%C3%A2n)" title="Hai Bà Trưng Temple (Đồng Nhân)">Hai Bà Trưng Temple (Đồng Nhân)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology" title="Vietnam Museum of Ethnology">Museum of Ethnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts">Museum of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Museum" title="Hanoi Museum">Hanoi Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Museum" title="Ho Chi Minh Museum">Ho Chi Minh Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Military_History_Museum" title="Vietnam Military History Museum">Vietnam Military History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_History" title="Vietnam National Museum of History">Vietnam National Museum of History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Women%27s_Museum" title="Vietnamese Women's Museum">Vietnamese Women's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution" title="Vietnam Museum of Revolution">Vietnam Museum of Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Vietnam" title="National Library of Vietnam">National Library of Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Xu%C3%A2n_Market" title="Đồng Xuân Market">Đồng Xuân Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1t_Tr%C3%A0ng" title="Bát Tràng">Bát Tràng ceramic village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0ng_Tr%E1%BB%91ng_painting" title="Hàng Trống painting">Hàng Trống painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_H%C3%A0,_Hanoi" title="Ngọc Hà, Hanoi">Ngọc Hà flower village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BB%87_M%E1%BA%ADt" title="Lệ Mật">Lệ Mật snake village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BA%A1n_Ph%C3%BAc,_H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Vạn Phúc, Hà Đông">Vạn Phúc silk village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trang_Tien_Plaza" title="Trang Tien Plaza">Trang Tien Plaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_National_Stadium" title="Mỹ Đình National Stadium">Mỹ Đình National Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0ng_%C4%90%E1%BA%ABy_Stadium" title="Hàng Đẫy Stadium">Hàng Đẫy Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_Ng%E1%BB%B1a_Sports_Palace" title="Quần Ngựa Sports Palace">Quần Ngựa Sports Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Indoor_Games_Gymnasium" title="Hanoi Indoor Games Gymnasium">Hanoi Indoor Games Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Circuit" title="Hanoi Circuit">Hanoi Circuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_Building_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly Building of Vietnam">National Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_72" title="Landmark 72">Landmark 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotte_Center_Hanoi" title="Lotte Center Hanoi">Lotte Center Hanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Convention_Center" title="Vietnam National Convention Center">National Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinhomes_Times_City" title="Vinhomes Times City">Vinhomes Times City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hotels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Hanoi_Opera" title="Hilton Hanoi Opera">Hilton Hanoi Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_de_l%27Opera_Hanoi" title="Hotel de l'Opera Hanoi">Hotel de l'Opera Hanoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noi_Bai_International_Airport" title="Noi Bai International Airport">Noi Bai International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_railway_station" title="Hanoi railway station">Hanoi railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Metro" title="Hanoi Metro">Hanoi Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Bridge" title="Chương Dương Bridge">Chương Dương Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C4%83ng_Long_Bridge" title="Thăng Long Bridge">Thăng Long Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_T%C3%A2n_Bridge" title="Nhật Tân Bridge">Nhật Tân Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Asia352" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Asia352" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Central Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">South Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Southeast Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">West Asia</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>East Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>North Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Camp_Thunder_Cove" title="Camp Thunder Cove">Camp Thunder Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">BIOT</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Flying_Fish_Cove" title="Flying Fish Cove">Flying Fish Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanoi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Island,_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands">West Island</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a></i> (de facto) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sokhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokhumi">Sokhumi</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;"><div><b>*</b> Disputed. See: <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz-Georgian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz-Georgian conflict">Abkhaz-Georgian conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgian-Ossetian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian-Ossetian conflict">Georgian-Ossetian conflict</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Host_cities_of_Asian_Games81" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Template:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Template talk:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Host_cities_of_Asian_Games81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Host cities of <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1951_Asian_Games" title="1951 Asian Games">1951</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1954_Asian_Games" title="1954 Asian Games">1954</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1958_Asian_Games" title="1958 Asian Games">1958</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1962_Asian_Games" title="1962 Asian Games">1962</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1966_Asian_Games" title="1966 Asian Games">1966</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_Asian_Games" title="1970 Asian Games">1970</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_Asian_Games" title="1974 Asian Games">1974</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1978_Asian_Games" title="1978 Asian Games">1978</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1982_Asian_Games" title="1982 Asian Games">1982</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Games" title="1986 Asian Games">1986</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Games" title="1990 Asian Games">1990</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Asian_Games" title="1994 Asian Games">1994</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Asian_Games" title="1998 Asian Games">1998</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2002_Asian_Games" title="2002 Asian Games">2002</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Asian_Games" title="2006 Asian Games">2006</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">2010</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Asian_Games" title="2014 Asian Games">2014</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Asian_Games" title="2018 Asian Games">2018</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Asian_Games" title="2022 Asian Games">2022</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2026_Asian_Games" title="2026 Asian Games">2026</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Aichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aichi">Aichi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2030_Asian_Games" title="2030 Asian Games">2030</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2034_Asian_Games" title="2034 Asian Games">2034</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asian_Games_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asian Games logo"><img alt="Asian Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/70px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/105px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/140px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games" title="Asian Winter Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1986 Asian Winter Games">1986</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1990 Asian Winter Games">1990</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1996_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1996 Asian Winter Games">1996</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1999_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1999 Asian Winter Games">1999</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gangwon_Province_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangwon Province (South Korea)">Kangwon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2003_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2003 Asian Winter Games">2003</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aomori_Prefecture" title="Aomori Prefecture">Aomori</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2007_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2007 Asian Winter Games">2007</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2011 Asian Winter Games">2011</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>-<a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2017_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2017 Asian Winter Games">2017</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2025_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2025 Asian Winter Games">2025</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2029_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2029 Asian Winter Games">2029</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Trojena" title="Trojena">Trojena</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Vietnam&#124;link=Vietnam_Vietnam_cities_with_a_200,000+_population244" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Vietnam" title="Template:Most populous cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Vietnam&#124;link=Vietnam_Vietnam_cities_with_a_200,000+_population244" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Vietnam cities with a 200,000+ population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000 and more</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanoi</a> (capital)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000–1,999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a" title="Biên Hòa">Biên Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thủ Đức</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hải Dương">Hải Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_An" title="Thuận An">Thuận An</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nha_Trang" title="Nha Trang">Nha Trang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%A9_An" title="Dĩ An">Dĩ An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_Ma_Thu%E1%BB%99t" title="Buôn Ma Thuột">Buôn Ma Thuột</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a" title="Thanh Hóa">Thanh Hóa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u" title="Vũng Tàu">Vũng Tàu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Thái Nguyên">Thái Nguyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinh" title="Vinh">Vinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_D%E1%BA%A7u_M%E1%BB%99t" title="Thủ Dầu Một">Thủ Dầu Một</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Long" title="Hạ Long">Hạ Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quy_Nhon" title="Quy Nhon">Quy Nhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Xuy%C3%AAn" title="Long Xuyên">Long Xuyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ng%C3%A3i" title="Quảng Ngãi">Quảng Ngãi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiku" title="Pleiku">Pleiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh" title="Bắc Ninh">Bắc Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Nam Định">Nam Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_Tho" title="Mỹ Tho">Mỹ Tho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E1%BA%A1ch_Gi%C3%A1" title="Rạch Giá">Rạch Giá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_Thi%E1%BA%BFt" title="Phan Thiết">Phan Thiết</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Lat" title="Da Lat">Da Lat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau" title="Cà Mau">Cà Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AD_Linh" title="Chí Linh">Chí Linh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Tr%C3%AC" title="Việt Trì">Việt Trì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh" title="Thái Bình">Thái Bình</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_VietnamSource:_2019_Vietnamese_census,_National_Assembly327" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Largest cities of Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_VietnamSource:_2019_Vietnamese_census,_National_Assembly327" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam#Classification" title="List of cities in Vietnam">cities and municipalities</a> in Vietnam<br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/2019_Vietnamese_census" title="2019 Vietnamese census">2019 Vietnamese census</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam"> Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam"> Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ho Chi Minh City"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg/120px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg/250px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="3579" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanoi"><img alt="Hanoi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg/120px-Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg/250px-Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanoi</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,993,082</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vinh" title="Vinh">Vinh</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_An_province" title="Nghệ An province">Nghệ An</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">473,275 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haiphong"><img alt="Haiphong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg/120px-H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg/250px-H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cần Thơ"><img alt="Cần Thơ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg/120px-Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg/180px-Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg/240px-Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanoi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,053,663</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a" title="Thanh Hóa">Thanh Hóa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a_province" title="Thanh Hóa province">Thanh Hóa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">436,833 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,028,514</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nha_Trang" title="Nha Trang">Nha Trang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%A1nh_H%C3%B2a_province" title="Khánh Hòa province">Khánh Hòa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">422,601 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,235,171</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_Ma_Thu%E1%BB%99t" title="Buôn Ma Thuột">Buôn Ma Thuột</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk_province" title="Đắk Lắk province">Đắk Lắk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">375,590 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,134,310</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_Uy%C3%AAn,_B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Tân Uyên, Bình Dương">Tân Uyên</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">370,512 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,128,620</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u" title="Vũng Tàu">Vũng Tàu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba%E2%80%93V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u_province" title="Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province">Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">357,124 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a" title="Biên Hòa">Biên Hòa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_province" title="Đồng Nai province">Đồng Nai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,055,414</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Thái Nguyên">Thái Nguyên</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn_province" title="Thái Nguyên province">Thái Nguyên</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">340,403 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thủ Đức</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,013,795</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Thủy Nguyên">Thủy Nguyên</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">333,810 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_An" title="Thuận An">Thuận An</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">596,227</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang" title="Bắc Giang">Bắc Giang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang_province" title="Bắc Giang province">Bắc Giang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">326,354 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/D%C4%A9_An" title="Dĩ An">Dĩ An</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">474,681</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Long" title="Hạ Long">Hạ Long</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ninh_province" title="Quảng Ninh province">Quảng Ninh</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">322,710 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1858#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1828" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75687f9f4b-m9v2x","wgBackendResponseTime":368,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_6044aad4206a92b2a910aa1848f630e11a382129":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1858","properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#000000","title":"Hanoi"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.421","walltime":"5.262","ppvisitednodes":{"value":30442,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":890076,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":142329,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":30,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":679045,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4445.458 1 -total"," 29.04% 1291.078 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.48% 777.234 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 15.63% 694.888 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[\"CITEREFDuggan2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForbes2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForbesHenley2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFormichi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2023\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFHans-Heinrich_BassThanh_Trung_Nguyen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHastings2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHong_Khanh2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHouraniCarswell1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuong2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIlia_Lobster2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamieson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasimin1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiem1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiernan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLincoln2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoewe2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLogan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLogan2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMark_Smith2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaury\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiksicYian2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNam_C._Kim2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyễn2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPapin2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPark2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeel,_M._C.Finlayson,_B._L.McMahon,_T._A.2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhanNguyễnNguyễn1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhạm2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinkowski2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlevin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPurton2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuang_Thái2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRutherford2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStatistics_Office_of_Hanoi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Associated_Press1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThi_Phuong_Quynh_LeChristina_SeidlerMatthias_KändlerThi_Bich_Nga_Tran2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThương2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTran1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrần2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnerShoenberger2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_ArkadieMallon2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVann2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVnExpress\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVuongBuiLaVuong2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVõ_Hải2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWangJäger2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWertheim-HeckRaneriOosterveer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWischermann2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYü1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFthe-shiv2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĐào_Duy_Anh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĐặng_Việt_ThủyĐặng_Thành_Trung2008\"] = 1,\n [\"Transportation\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Asian Games Host Cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Audio\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"CJKV\"] = 2,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite act\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 36,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 80,\n [\"Cities in Viet Nam\"] = 1,\n [\"Cjkv\"] = 3,\n [\"Climate chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons and category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 16,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"Districts of Red River Delta\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 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of Vietnam\"] = 1,\n [\"Translation\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 2,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 4,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikivoyage inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","700","26.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","12.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","240","9.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","140","5.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","3.0"],["makeMessage 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