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--goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg1)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-1-no-poverty" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">1</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">No poverty</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Zero hunger" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg2); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg2)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-2-zero-hunger" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">2</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Zero hunger</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm active" alt="Good health & well-being" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg3); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg3)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-3-good-health-and-well-being" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">3</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Good health & well-being</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Quality education" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg4); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg4)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-4-quality-education" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">4</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Quality education</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Gender equality" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg5); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg5)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-5-gender-equality" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">5</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Gender equality</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Clean water & sanitation" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg6); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg6)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">6</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Clean water & sanitation</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Affordable & clean energy" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg7); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg7)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-7-affordable-and-clean-energy" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">7</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Affordable & clean energy</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Decent work & economic growth" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg8); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg8)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-8-decent-work-and-economic-growth" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">8</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Decent work & economic growth</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Industry, innovation & infrastructure" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg9); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg9)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-9-industry-innovation-and-infrastructure" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">9</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Industry, innovation & infrastructure</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Reduced inequalities" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg10); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg10)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-10-reduced-inequalities" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">10</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Reduced inequalities</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Sustainable cities & communities" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg11); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg11)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-11-sustainable-cities-and-communities" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">11</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Sustainable cities & communities</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Responsible consumption & production" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg12); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg12)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-12-responsible-consumption-and-production" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">12</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Responsible consumption & production</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Climate action" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg13); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg13)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-13-climate-action" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">13</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Climate action</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Life below water" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg14); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg14)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-14-life-below-water" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">14</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Life below water</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Life on land" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg15); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg15)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-15-life-on-land" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">15</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Life on land</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Peace, justice & strong institutions" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg16); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg16)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-16-peace-justice-and-strong-institutions" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">16</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Peace, justice & strong institutions</span></a></li> <li class="goal-link svelte-9nscjm" alt="Partnerships for the goals" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg17); --goal-text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg17)"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-17-partnerships-for-the-goals" class="goal-text svelte-9nscjm"><span class="goal-num svelte-9nscjm">17</span><span class="goal-name svelte-9nscjm">Partnerships for the goals</span></a></li> </ul> </nav></div></div></div> </nav> </header> <div class="content-nav svelte-n5348p"><nav class="sdg-nav svelte-1dwpntn"><a class="home svelte-1dwpntn" href="/sdgatlas/"><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 576 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(288 256)" transform-origin="144 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M575.8 255.5c0 18-15 32.1-32 32.1h-32l.7 160.2c0 2.7-.2 5.4-.5 8.1V472c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H456c-1.1 0-2.2 0-3.3-.1c-1.4 .1-2.8 .1-4.2 .1H416 392c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V448 384c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32H256c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v64 24c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H160 128.1c-1.5 0-3-.1-4.5-.2c-1.2 .1-2.4 .2-3.6 .2H104c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V360c0-.9 0-1.9 .1-2.8V287.6H32c-18 0-32-14-32-32.1c0-9 3-17 10-24L266.4 8c7-7 15-8 22-8s15 2 21 7L564.8 231.5c8 7 12 15 11 24z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-288 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a> <p class="explore-sdgs svelte-1dwpntn">Explore<br/>17 SDGs</p> <ul class="svelte-1dwpntn"><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg1); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg1)" alt="No poverty" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-1-no-poverty" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="No poverty">1</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-1-no-poverty" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">1</span> No poverty </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg2); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg2)" alt="Zero hunger" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-2-zero-hunger" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Zero hunger">2</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-2-zero-hunger" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">2</span> Zero hunger </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg3); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg3)" alt="Good health & well-being" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-3-good-health-and-well-being" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Good health & well-being">3</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-3-good-health-and-well-being" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">3</span> Good health & well-being </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg4); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg4)" alt="Quality education" class="svelte-1dwpntn active"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-4-quality-education" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Quality education">4</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-4-quality-education" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">4</span> Quality education </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg5); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg5)" alt="Gender equality" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-5-gender-equality" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Gender equality">5</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-5-gender-equality" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">5</span> Gender equality </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg6); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg6)" alt="Clean water & sanitation" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Clean water & sanitation">6</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">6</span> Clean water & sanitation </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg7); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg7)" alt="Affordable & clean energy" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-7-affordable-and-clean-energy" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Affordable & clean energy">7</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-7-affordable-and-clean-energy" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">7</span> Affordable & clean energy </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg8); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg8)" alt="Decent work & economic growth" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-8-decent-work-and-economic-growth" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Decent work & economic growth">8</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-8-decent-work-and-economic-growth" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">8</span> Decent work & economic growth </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg9); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg9)" alt="Industry, innovation & infrastructure" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-9-industry-innovation-and-infrastructure" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Industry, innovation & infrastructure">9</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-9-industry-innovation-and-infrastructure" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">9</span> Industry, innovation & infrastructure </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg10); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg10)" alt="Reduced inequalities" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-10-reduced-inequalities" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Reduced inequalities">10</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-10-reduced-inequalities" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">10</span> Reduced inequalities </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg11); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg11)" alt="Sustainable cities & communities" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-11-sustainable-cities-and-communities" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Sustainable cities & communities">11</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-11-sustainable-cities-and-communities" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">11</span> Sustainable cities & communities </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg12); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg12)" alt="Responsible consumption & production" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-12-responsible-consumption-and-production" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Responsible consumption & production">12</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-12-responsible-consumption-and-production" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">12</span> Responsible consumption & production </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg13); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg13)" alt="Climate action" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-13-climate-action" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Climate action">13</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-13-climate-action" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">13</span> Climate action </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg14); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg14)" alt="Life below water" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-14-life-below-water" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Life below water">14</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-14-life-below-water" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">14</span> Life below water </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg15); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg15)" alt="Life on land" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-15-life-on-land" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Life on land">15</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-15-life-on-land" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">15</span> Life on land </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg16); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg16)" alt="Peace, justice & strong institutions" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-16-peace-justice-and-strong-institutions" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Peace, justice & strong institutions">16</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-16-peace-justice-and-strong-institutions" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">16</span> Peace, justice & strong institutions </p></a> </li><li style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg17); --text-color: var(--color-un-text-sdg17)" alt="Partnerships for the goals" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><a href="/sdgatlas/goal-17-partnerships-for-the-goals" class="goal-number-static svelte-1dwpntn" aria-label="Partnerships for the goals">17</a> <a href="/sdgatlas/goal-17-partnerships-for-the-goals" aria-hidden="true" class="svelte-1dwpntn"><p class="pill svelte-1dwpntn" aria-hidden="true"><span class="goal-number svelte-1dwpntn">17</span> Partnerships for the goals </p></a> </li></ul></nav> <div class="content svelte-n5348p"><div name="top" class="banner svelte-7ufapi" style="--goal-color: var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="text svelte-7ufapi"><div class="title-container svelte-7ufapi"><div class="goal-title svelte-7ufapi"><p class="goal svelte-7ufapi">4</p> <h1 class="title svelte-7ufapi">Quality education</h1></div> <h2 class="story-title svelte-7ufapi">Rebuilding education systems after COVID-19</h2></div> <div class="globe-container svelte-h97fkp" style="--globe-width: 0px; --max-globe-width: 520px"><div class="globier-container svelte-h97fkp"> <div class="value-container svelte-h97fkp"><p class="reference-label svelte-h97fkp">Worldwide</p> <div class="reference-value"></div> <p class="ref-data-description svelte-h97fkp"></p> </div></div> <div class="legend-container svelte-h97fkp"></div> </div> <div class="intro-container svelte-7ufapi"><p class="intro svelte-7ufapi">[goal: 4] aims to provide high-quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all. Globally, 1.6 billion children were affected by school closures during COVID. The average student saw schools fully or partially closed for 199 days between March 2020 and September 2021. As a result, the average student globally is roughly 1 year behind their expected learning levels, with larger losses in the poorest countries.</p> <div class="container intro svelte-1v47ieh" style="--sdg-color: var(--goal-color); --sdg-text-color : var(--color-un-text-sdg4"><span class="sdg-target svelte-1v47ieh">SDG Targets</span> covered in this story: <div class="summary svelte-1v47ieh"><span class="goal-target svelte-1v47ieh"><span class="goal">4.</span><span class="target">1</span></span> </div><div class="summary svelte-1v47ieh"><span class="goal-target svelte-1v47ieh"><span class="goal">4.</span><span class="target">2</span></span> </div><div class="summary svelte-1v47ieh"><span class="goal-target svelte-1v47ieh"><span class="goal">4.</span><span class="target">4</span></span> </div><div class="summary svelte-1v47ieh"><span class="goal-target svelte-1v47ieh"><span class="goal">4.</span><span class="target">5</span></span> </div> </div></div></div></div> <a href="#page-start"><p class="read svelte-7ufapi">↓ Read the full story</p></a> <div class="banner-bottom svelte-7ufapi"><div class="logos svelte-7ufapi"><img title="logo" alt="SDG fund logo" src="/sdgatlas/assets/external/loop-header-footer/img/SDG-Fund-Logo.svg" class="svelte-7ufapi"> <img title="logo" alt="World Development Indicators Logo" src="/sdgatlas/assets/external/loop-header-footer/img/WDI-Logo.svg" class="svelte-7ufapi"> <img title="logo" alt="KDI School Logo" src="/sdgatlas/assets/external/loop-header-footer/img/KDI-School-Logo.png" class="svelte-7ufapi"></div> </div> <a name="page-start"></a> <div class="inner-content svelte-n5348p loading"><div class="empty svelte-n5348p"><div class="loading-container svelte-n5348p"><div class="loading svelte-1vykx8k" style="min-height: 60vh;"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/images/tail-spin.svg" alt="Loading" class="svelte-1vykx8k"> <div style="display: flex"><div style="width: 75%"></div> <div style="width: 25%"></div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c0"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries were not on track to provide high-quality education to all children by 2030. Over half of children in low- and middle-income countries experienced learning poverty, meaning they were unable to understand a simple written text by the end of primary school. This indicator helps inform [target: 4.1] as it captures both schooling and learning, combining the rate of children out of school (schooling) with the percentage who are in school but have not achieved basic reading proficiency (learning).</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c1"></a> <div class="subhed layout-main svelte-allwnz" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><h2 class="svelte-allwnz">An Education Crisis </h2> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c2"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">A country's income level is strongly related to learning poverty. Since COVID-19, learning poverty rates are estimated to have increased, and disparities between countries have widened.</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c3"></a> <div class="side-by-side layout-full light default svelte-bkupxm" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="scroller-container svelte-bkupxm"> <svelte-scroller-outer class="svelte-17jy5yq"><svelte-scroller-background-container class="background-container svelte-17jy5yq" style=" position: absolute; /* override with sticky if supported: */ position: sticky; top: 0; transform: translate(0, 0px); z-index: 1; "><svelte-scroller-background class="svelte-17jy5yq"><div class="left svelte-bkupxm" slot="background"><div class="parcoordscroller vis-container svelte-x9jmks in-scroller" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="internal-container svelte-x9jmks"><div class="title-container svelte-x9jmks"><h1 class="svelte-x9jmks">Disparities in access to learning</h1> </div> <div class="vis svelte-x9jmks" role="img" aria-label="Connected line graph showing that higher income countries have less learning poverty, school closures that lasted slightly fewer days, and more internet users capable of remote instruction than low and lower-middle income countries."><div class="loading svelte-1vykx8k" style="min-height: 60vh;"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/images/tail-spin.svg" alt="Loading" class="svelte-1vykx8k"> <div style="display: flex"><div style="width: 75%"></div> <div style="width: 25%"></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="source svelte-x9jmks"> <span class="download-share svelte-x9jmks"><span class="download svelte-x9jmks borderless"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" data-customlink="download:vis-data-Disparities in access to learning" href="/sdgatlas/data/goal04/goal04.lpovclosuresinternet.csv" aria-label="Download Data"><span aria-hidden="true">Data</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M288 32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V274.7l-73.4-73.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l128 128c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L288 274.7V32zM64 352c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v32c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H448c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V416c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H346.5l-45.3 45.3c-25 25-65.5 25-90.5 0L165.5 352H64zm368 56a24 24 0 1 1 0 48 24 24 0 1 1 0-48z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="download svelte-x9jmks"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Download Image"><span aria-hidden="true">Image</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" 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512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(320 256)" transform-origin="160 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M562.8 267.7c56.5-56.5 56.5-148 0-204.5c-50-50-128.8-56.5-186.3-15.4l-1.6 1.1c-14.4 10.3-17.7 30.3-7.4 44.6s30.3 17.7 44.6 7.4l1.6-1.1c32.1-22.9 76-19.3 103.8 8.6c31.5 31.5 31.5 82.5 0 114L405.3 334.8c-31.5 31.5-82.5 31.5-114 0c-27.9-27.9-31.5-71.8-8.6-103.8l1.1-1.6c10.3-14.4 6.9-34.4-7.4-44.6s-34.4-6.9-44.6 7.4l-1.1 1.6C189.5 251.2 196 330 246 380c56.5 56.5 148 56.5 204.5 0L562.8 267.7zM43.2 244.3c-56.5 56.5-56.5 148 0 204.5c50 50 128.8 56.5 186.3 15.4l1.6-1.1c14.4-10.3 17.7-30.3 7.4-44.6s-30.3-17.7-44.6-7.4l-1.6 1.1c-32.1 22.9-76 19.3-103.8-8.6C57 372 57 321 88.5 289.5L200.7 177.2c31.5-31.5 82.5-31.5 114 0c27.9 27.9 31.5 71.8 8.6 103.9l-1.1 1.6c-10.3 14.4-6.9 34.4 7.4 44.6s34.4 6.9 44.6-7.4l1.1-1.6C416.5 260.8 410 182 360 132c-56.5-56.5-148-56.5-204.5 0L43.2 244.3z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-320 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span></span> </div> <p class="source-text svelte-x9jmks">Source: World Bank World Development Indicators ([link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD NY.GNP.PCAP.CD], [link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS IT.NET.USER.ZS]), [link: https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/search/dataset/0038947/Learning-Poverty-Global-Database--Historical-data-and-sub-components Learning Poverty Database], [link: https://covid19.uis.unesco.org/global-monitoring-school-closures-covid19/ UNESCO Global monitoring of school closures caused by COVID-19]</p></div> </div></div></svelte-scroller-background></svelte-scroller-background-container> <svelte-scroller-foreground class="svelte-17jy5yq"><div class="right svelte-bkupxm" slot="foreground"><div class="right-inner svelte-bkupxm"><a name="c3s0"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">Countries are ranked according to the average income level of their populations. </div> </div><a name="c3s1"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">High incomes are associated with lower levels of learning poverty. Out of 49 <span class="highlighted" style="--highlight-color: var(--color-vis-income-high)">high income countries</span> with data for learning poverty, 29 have learning poverty rates of less than 10 percent.[reference: World Bank. 2022. [link: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/publication/state-of-global-learning-poverty "The State of Global Learning Poverty."]] </div> </div><a name="c3s2"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">Globally, 1.6 billion children were impacted by school closures during COVID-19. The average student in a high income country saw schools fully or partially closed for 148 days from March 2020 to September 2021.[footnote: Following the approach in the [link: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/human-capital/publication/collapse-recovery-how-covid-19-eroded-human-capital-and-what-to-do-about-it World Bank Collapse and Recovery Report], each day of partial opening is counted as half a day of school closure.] The global average was 199 days lost. Fifteen (around 22 percent) high income countries closed schools for more than 180 days, about the length of a typical school year. </div> </div><a name="c3s3"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">While schools were closed, high income countries had more options to move learning online, due to better access to the internet and electricity, and more availability of computers and tablets. This is closely related to [target: 4.4], which is to ensure that youths and adults have relevant technical and vocational skills. </div> </div><a name="c3s4"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><span class="highlighted" style="--highlight-color: var(--color-vis-income-low)">Low income countries</span>, on the other hand, have high learning poverty rates. All low or lower middle income countries have learning poverty rates of 10 percent or higher. In 20 of 29 low-income countries with available data, more than 90 percent of children can’t read or understand a basic text by the end of primary school. </div> </div><a name="c3s5"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">These countries had slightly longer periods of school closures, losing an average of 158 days of in-school instruction. This was even worse in lower middle income countries, with 236 days of schools closed due to COVID-19. </div> </div><a name="c3s6"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">Additionally, instruction was unable to move to online platforms and reach most children, because of the lack of connectivity in low and middle income countries. In 95 percent of <span class="highlighted" style="--highlight-color: var(--color-vis-income-low)">low-income countries</span>, fewer than half of all people have access to the internet. </div> </div><a name="c3s7"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">Explore the data for all countries by hovering over the dots on the chart. </div> </div> </div></div></svelte-scroller-foreground> </svelte-scroller-outer> <p class="source-text svelte-bkupxm">Source: World Bank World Development Indicators ([link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD NY.GNP.PCAP.CD], [link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS IT.NET.USER.ZS]), [link: https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/search/dataset/0038947/Learning-Poverty-Global-Database--Historical-data-and-sub-components Learning Poverty Database], [link: https://covid19.uis.unesco.org/global-monitoring-school-closures-covid19/ UNESCO Global monitoring of school closures caused by COVID-19]</p></div> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c4"></a> <div class="subhed layout-main svelte-allwnz" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><h2 class="svelte-allwnz">Rising Learning Poverty </h2> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c5"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">While online instruction was provided in virtually all <span class="highlighted" style="--highlight-color: var(--color-vis-income-high)">high income countries</span>, it was available in just over half of <span class="highlighted" style="--highlight-color: var(--color-vis-income-low)">low income countries</span>. As a result, in low income countries, remote instruction was often through radio, where children were not supervised by an instructor.</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c6"></a> <div class="learningplatforms vis-container main svelte-x9jmks" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="internal-container svelte-x9jmks"><div class="title-container svelte-x9jmks"><h1 class="svelte-x9jmks">Distance learning platforms</h1> <h2 class="svelte-x9jmks">% of countries reporting the use of distance learning platform</h2></div> <div class="vis svelte-x9jmks" role="img" aria-label="Connected dot plot showing that high income countries tended to use online platforms for remote instruction during COVID-19, while low income countries tended to use less interactive tools like radio."><div class="loading svelte-1vykx8k" style="min-height: 60vh;"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/images/tail-spin.svg" alt="Loading" class="svelte-1vykx8k"> <div style="display: flex"><div style="width: 75%"></div> <div style="width: 25%"></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="source svelte-x9jmks"> <span class="download-share svelte-x9jmks"><span class="download svelte-x9jmks borderless"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" data-customlink="download:vis-data-Distance learning platforms" href="/sdgatlas/data/goal04/goal04.instructionplatforms.csv" aria-label="Download Data"><span aria-hidden="true">Data</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M288 32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V274.7l-73.4-73.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l128 128c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L288 274.7V32zM64 352c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v32c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H448c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V416c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H346.5l-45.3 45.3c-25 25-65.5 25-90.5 0L165.5 352H64zm368 56a24 24 0 1 1 0 48 24 24 0 1 1 0-48z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="download svelte-x9jmks"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Download Image"><span aria-hidden="true">Image</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M0 96C0 60.7 28.7 32 64 32H448c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V416c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V96zM323.8 202.5c-4.5-6.6-11.9-10.5-19.8-10.5s-15.4 3.9-19.8 10.5l-87 127.6L170.7 297c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h96 32H424c8.9 0 17.1-4.9 21.2-12.8s3.6-17.4-1.4-24.7l-120-176zM112 192a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="share svelte-x9jmks"><a alt="Copy link to clipboard"><span aria-hidden="true">Copy Link</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 640 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(320 256)" transform-origin="160 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M562.8 267.7c56.5-56.5 56.5-148 0-204.5c-50-50-128.8-56.5-186.3-15.4l-1.6 1.1c-14.4 10.3-17.7 30.3-7.4 44.6s30.3 17.7 44.6 7.4l1.6-1.1c32.1-22.9 76-19.3 103.8 8.6c31.5 31.5 31.5 82.5 0 114L405.3 334.8c-31.5 31.5-82.5 31.5-114 0c-27.9-27.9-31.5-71.8-8.6-103.8l1.1-1.6c10.3-14.4 6.9-34.4-7.4-44.6s-34.4-6.9-44.6 7.4l-1.1 1.6C189.5 251.2 196 330 246 380c56.5 56.5 148 56.5 204.5 0L562.8 267.7zM43.2 244.3c-56.5 56.5-56.5 148 0 204.5c50 50 128.8 56.5 186.3 15.4l1.6-1.1c14.4-10.3 17.7-30.3 7.4-44.6s-30.3-17.7-44.6-7.4l-1.6 1.1c-32.1 22.9-76 19.3-103.8-8.6C57 372 57 321 88.5 289.5L200.7 177.2c31.5-31.5 82.5-31.5 114 0c27.9 27.9 31.5 71.8 8.6 103.9l-1.1 1.6c-10.3 14.4-6.9 34.4 7.4 44.6s34.4 6.9 44.6-7.4l1.1-1.6C416.5 260.8 410 182 360 132c-56.5-56.5-148-56.5-204.5 0L43.2 244.3z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-320 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span></span> </div> <p class="source-text svelte-x9jmks">Source: World Bank, UNESCO UIS, OECD; [link: https://www.google.com/url?q=https://tcg.uis.unesco.org/survey-education-covid-school-closures/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1686066926313685&usg=AOvVaw3OV9PjhAUSnC0iqYpYhI5v Survey on National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures]</p></div> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c7"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">Because of these factors, learning poverty is expected to have increased from already high pre-pandemic rates.[reference: World Bank, UNESCO, UNICEF, USAID, FCDO, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. 2022. [link: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/publication/state-of-global-learning-poverty "The State of Global Learning Poverty 2022 update."]] All income groups saw increases. In low and middle income countries, learning poverty is estimated to have risen from 57 percent in 2019 to between 68 and 71 percent (depending on assumptions made about the impact of school closures and remote instruction).</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c8"></a> <div class="learningpovertyscenarios vis-container main svelte-x9jmks" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="internal-container svelte-x9jmks"><div class="title-container svelte-x9jmks"><h1 class="svelte-x9jmks">Learning Poverty projected to rise due to COVID-19</h1> <h2 class="svelte-x9jmks">COVID-19 Learning Poverty Projections</h2></div> <div class="vis svelte-x9jmks" role="img" aria-label="Line chart showing that learning poverty rates are projected to have increased across all income groups following COVID-19."><div class="loading svelte-1vykx8k" style="min-height: 60vh;"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/images/tail-spin.svg" alt="Loading" class="svelte-1vykx8k"> <div style="display: flex"><div style="width: 75%"></div> <div style="width: 25%"></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="source svelte-x9jmks"> <span class="download-share svelte-x9jmks"><span class="download svelte-x9jmks borderless"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" data-customlink="download:vis-data-Learning Poverty projected to rise due to COVID-19" href="/sdgatlas/data/goal04/goal04.learningpovertysimulations.csv" aria-label="Download Data"><span aria-hidden="true">Data</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M288 32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V274.7l-73.4-73.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l128 128c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L288 274.7V32zM64 352c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v32c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H448c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V416c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H346.5l-45.3 45.3c-25 25-65.5 25-90.5 0L165.5 352H64zm368 56a24 24 0 1 1 0 48 24 24 0 1 1 0-48z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="download svelte-x9jmks"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Download Image"><span aria-hidden="true">Image</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M0 96C0 60.7 28.7 32 64 32H448c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V416c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V96zM323.8 202.5c-4.5-6.6-11.9-10.5-19.8-10.5s-15.4 3.9-19.8 10.5l-87 127.6L170.7 297c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h96 32H424c8.9 0 17.1-4.9 21.2-12.8s3.6-17.4-1.4-24.7l-120-176zM112 192a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="share svelte-x9jmks"><a alt="Copy link to clipboard"><span aria-hidden="true">Copy Link</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 640 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(320 256)" transform-origin="160 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M562.8 267.7c56.5-56.5 56.5-148 0-204.5c-50-50-128.8-56.5-186.3-15.4l-1.6 1.1c-14.4 10.3-17.7 30.3-7.4 44.6s30.3 17.7 44.6 7.4l1.6-1.1c32.1-22.9 76-19.3 103.8 8.6c31.5 31.5 31.5 82.5 0 114L405.3 334.8c-31.5 31.5-82.5 31.5-114 0c-27.9-27.9-31.5-71.8-8.6-103.8l1.1-1.6c10.3-14.4 6.9-34.4-7.4-44.6s-34.4-6.9-44.6 7.4l-1.1 1.6C189.5 251.2 196 330 246 380c56.5 56.5 148 56.5 204.5 0L562.8 267.7zM43.2 244.3c-56.5 56.5-56.5 148 0 204.5c50 50 128.8 56.5 186.3 15.4l1.6-1.1c14.4-10.3 17.7-30.3 7.4-44.6s-30.3-17.7-44.6-7.4l-1.6 1.1c-32.1 22.9-76 19.3-103.8-8.6C57 372 57 321 88.5 289.5L200.7 177.2c31.5-31.5 82.5-31.5 114 0c27.9 27.9 31.5 71.8 8.6 103.9l-1.1 1.6c-10.3 14.4-6.9 34.4 7.4 44.6s34.4 6.9 44.6-7.4l1.1-1.6C416.5 260.8 410 182 360 132c-56.5-56.5-148-56.5-204.5 0L43.2 244.3z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-320 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span></span> </div> <p class="source-text svelte-x9jmks">Source: World Bank, UNESCO, UNICEF, USAID, FCDO, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. [link: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/publication/state-of-global-learning-poverty "The State of Global Learning Poverty 2022 update."]</p></div> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c9"></a> <div class="factoid layout-main svelte-1hb5n"><div class="fact svelte-1hb5n"><h2 class="title svelte-1hb5n">Learning losses</h2> <h1 class="number svelte-1hb5n">1<span class="units svelte-1hb5n">year</span></h1> <p class="label svelte-1hb5n">of lost learning due to COVID-19</p></div> <div class="text svelte-1hb5n"><div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">Preliminary studies are available on the impact of COVID-19 disruptions on student learning. An analysis of these studies found that on average students lost the equivalent of a year of learning.[reference: Schady, Norbert; Holla, Alaka; Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Silva, Joana; Yi Chang, Andres. 2023. [link: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39403 Collapse and Recovery : How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It. ] Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. ]</div></div> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c10"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">These impacts not only affect school-age children, but also children in early childhood, [target: 4.2]. Recent studies indicate that pre-school age children gained only 25 to 50 percent of the early language and numeracy skills that are typically acquired in early childhood.[reference: Schady, Norbert; Holla, Alaka; Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Silva, Joana; Yi Chang, Andres. 2023. [link: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39403 Collapse and Recovery : How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It. ] Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank.]</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c11"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">The impacts on learning in the poorest countries were likely severe. High frequency phone survey data from the Living Standards Measurement Study in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, and Uganda indicates that, between April 2020 to June 2020, the share of school-age children involved in any learning activities dropped dramatically – by more than 50 percent on average across these six countries.[reference: Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Siwatu,Gbemisola Oseni; Zezza,Alberto; Abanokova, Kseniya. 2021. [link: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/656051621919132722/Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Learning-Evidence-from-Six-Sub-Saharan-African-Countries Impact of COVID-19 on Learning : Evidence from Six Sub-Saharan African Countries (English).] LSMS COVID-19 Cross Country Brief Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.]</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c12"></a> <div class="side-by-side layout-full light default svelte-bkupxm" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="scroller-container svelte-bkupxm"> <svelte-scroller-outer class="svelte-17jy5yq"><svelte-scroller-background-container class="background-container svelte-17jy5yq" style=" position: absolute; /* override with sticky if supported: */ position: sticky; top: 0; transform: translate(0, 0px); z-index: 1; "><svelte-scroller-background class="svelte-17jy5yq"><div class="left svelte-bkupxm" slot="background"><div class="learning_activities_scroller vis-container svelte-x9jmks in-scroller" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="internal-container svelte-x9jmks"><div class="title-container svelte-x9jmks"><h1 class="svelte-x9jmks">The pandemic caused a dramatic drop in learning activities</h1> <h2 class="svelte-x9jmks">Share of children engaged in learning activities</h2></div> <div class="vis svelte-x9jmks" role="img" aria-label="Dot plot showing that the share of children engaged in learning activities dropped significantly during COVID-19 in Nigeria, Uganda, and Ethiopia. The drop in learning activities was particularly bad for children in the poorest 20% of households in those countries."><div class="loading svelte-1vykx8k" style="min-height: 60vh;"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/images/tail-spin.svg" alt="Loading" class="svelte-1vykx8k"> <div style="display: flex"><div style="width: 75%"></div> <div style="width: 25%"></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="source svelte-x9jmks"> <span class="download-share svelte-x9jmks"><span class="download svelte-x9jmks borderless"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" data-customlink="download:vis-data-The pandemic caused a dramatic drop in learning activities" href="/sdgatlas/data/goal04/goal04.learningactivitiesinequality.csv" aria-label="Download Data"><span aria-hidden="true">Data</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M288 32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V274.7l-73.4-73.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l128 128c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L288 274.7V32zM64 352c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v32c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H448c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V416c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H346.5l-45.3 45.3c-25 25-65.5 25-90.5 0L165.5 352H64zm368 56a24 24 0 1 1 0 48 24 24 0 1 1 0-48z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="download svelte-x9jmks"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Download Image"><span aria-hidden="true">Image</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M0 96C0 60.7 28.7 32 64 32H448c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V416c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V96zM323.8 202.5c-4.5-6.6-11.9-10.5-19.8-10.5s-15.4 3.9-19.8 10.5l-87 127.6L170.7 297c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h96 32H424c8.9 0 17.1-4.9 21.2-12.8s3.6-17.4-1.4-24.7l-120-176zM112 192a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="share svelte-x9jmks"><a alt="Copy link to clipboard"><span aria-hidden="true">Copy Link</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 640 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(320 256)" transform-origin="160 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M562.8 267.7c56.5-56.5 56.5-148 0-204.5c-50-50-128.8-56.5-186.3-15.4l-1.6 1.1c-14.4 10.3-17.7 30.3-7.4 44.6s30.3 17.7 44.6 7.4l1.6-1.1c32.1-22.9 76-19.3 103.8 8.6c31.5 31.5 31.5 82.5 0 114L405.3 334.8c-31.5 31.5-82.5 31.5-114 0c-27.9-27.9-31.5-71.8-8.6-103.8l1.1-1.6c10.3-14.4 6.9-34.4-7.4-44.6s-34.4-6.9-44.6 7.4l-1.1 1.6C189.5 251.2 196 330 246 380c56.5 56.5 148 56.5 204.5 0L562.8 267.7zM43.2 244.3c-56.5 56.5-56.5 148 0 204.5c50 50 128.8 56.5 186.3 15.4l1.6-1.1c14.4-10.3 17.7-30.3 7.4-44.6s-30.3-17.7-44.6-7.4l-1.6 1.1c-32.1 22.9-76 19.3-103.8-8.6C57 372 57 321 88.5 289.5L200.7 177.2c31.5-31.5 82.5-31.5 114 0c27.9 27.9 31.5 71.8 8.6 103.9l-1.1 1.6c-10.3 14.4-6.9 34.4 7.4 44.6s34.4 6.9 44.6-7.4l1.1-1.6C416.5 260.8 410 182 360 132c-56.5-56.5-148-56.5-204.5 0L43.2 244.3z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-320 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span></span> </div> <p class="source-text svelte-x9jmks">Source: Dang et al. 2021. [link: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/656051621919132722/Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Learning-Evidence-from-Six-Sub-Saharan-African-Countries Impact of COVID-19 on Learning : Evidence from Six Sub-Saharan African Countries (English).] LSMS COVID-19 Cross Country Brief Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.</p></div> </div></div></svelte-scroller-background></svelte-scroller-background-container> <svelte-scroller-foreground class="svelte-17jy5yq"><div class="right svelte-bkupxm" slot="foreground"><div class="right-inner svelte-bkupxm"><a name="c12s0"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">Before the pandemic, household surveys showed that more than 90 percent of children 6-14 years old in Nigeria, Uganda and Ethiopia were going to school. [reference: Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Siwatu,Gbemisola Oseni; Zezza,Alberto; Abanokova, Kseniya. 2021. [link: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/656051621919132722/Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Learning-Evidence-from-Six-Sub-Saharan-African-Countries Impact of COVID-19 on Learning : Evidence from Six Sub-Saharan African Countries (English).] LSMS COVID-19 Cross Country Brief Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.] </div> </div><a name="c12s1"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">When COVID-19 hit, the <span class="highlighted" style="--highlight-color: var(--color-vis-reference)">share of children engaged in any learning activity</span> declined to less than 60 percent in Nigeria and Uganda and as low as 28 percent in Ethiopia. </div> </div><a name="c12s2"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">The impact of the pandemic on education was unequal: higher household income was associated with more learning activities during school closures, due to more resources available to wealthier families. This cuts against [target: 4.5], which includes a commitment to equalize access to quality education. </div> </div><a name="c12s3"></a> <div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="scene svelte-fa5lga"><div class="content svelte-fa5lga" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)">COVID-19 widened this gap: <span class="highlighted" style="--highlight-color: var(--color-base-pink300)">children from lower income households</span> were impacted more than <span class="highlighted" style="--highlight-color: var(--color-base-green300)">those from higher income households</span>. </div> </div> </div></div></svelte-scroller-foreground> </svelte-scroller-outer> <p class="source-text svelte-bkupxm">Source: Dang et al. 2021. [link: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/656051621919132722/Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Learning-Evidence-from-Six-Sub-Saharan-African-Countries Impact of COVID-19 on Learning : Evidence from Six Sub-Saharan African Countries (English).] LSMS COVID-19 Cross Country Brief Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.</p></div> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c13"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">In other countries, like Mexico, students from high socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds experienced large learning losses too. A comparison of household survey data from 2019 and 2021 showed the number of children scoring at low levels in reading and mathematics increased sharply in the early part of the pandemic.[reference: Hevia, Felipe J., Samana Vergara-Lope, Anabel Velásquez-Durán, and David Calderón. 2022. [link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102515 "Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico."] International Journal of Educational Development 88 (2022): 102515.] The number of students able to solve a 4th-grade division problem dropped by at least half across all socioeconomic statuses, and the number able to comprehend a short text fell by 15 to 25 percentage points. In mathematics, the gap between low- and high-SES students grew only slightly. In reading, however, this gap grew markedly. There was a drop of 25 percentage points among low income students but 12 percentage points for high income students.</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c14"></a> <div class="learning_losses_mexico vis-container main svelte-x9jmks" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="internal-container svelte-x9jmks"><div class="title-container svelte-x9jmks"><h1 class="svelte-x9jmks">Mathematical and reading ability by socio-economic status in Mexico</h1> <h2 class="svelte-x9jmks">Share of 10-15 year olds able to solve 4th grade division or comprehend short text</h2></div> <div class="vis svelte-x9jmks" role="img" aria-label="Connected line graph showing that the percentage of 10-15 year olds able to solve 4th grade math and reading problems dropped by at least half across all socioeconomic groups."><div class="loading svelte-1vykx8k" style="min-height: 60vh;"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/images/tail-spin.svg" alt="Loading" class="svelte-1vykx8k"> <div style="display: flex"><div style="width: 75%"></div> <div style="width: 25%"></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="source svelte-x9jmks"> <span class="download-share svelte-x9jmks"><span class="download svelte-x9jmks borderless"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" data-customlink="download:vis-data-Mathematical and reading ability by socio-economic status in Mexico" href="/sdgatlas/data/goal04/goal04.lossesmexico.csv" aria-label="Download Data"><span aria-hidden="true">Data</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M288 32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V274.7l-73.4-73.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l128 128c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L288 274.7V32zM64 352c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v32c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H448c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V416c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H346.5l-45.3 45.3c-25 25-65.5 25-90.5 0L165.5 352H64zm368 56a24 24 0 1 1 0 48 24 24 0 1 1 0-48z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="download svelte-x9jmks"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Download Image"><span aria-hidden="true">Image</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M0 96C0 60.7 28.7 32 64 32H448c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V416c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V96zM323.8 202.5c-4.5-6.6-11.9-10.5-19.8-10.5s-15.4 3.9-19.8 10.5l-87 127.6L170.7 297c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h96 32H424c8.9 0 17.1-4.9 21.2-12.8s3.6-17.4-1.4-24.7l-120-176zM112 192a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="share svelte-x9jmks"><a alt="Copy link to clipboard"><span aria-hidden="true">Copy Link</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 640 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(320 256)" transform-origin="160 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M562.8 267.7c56.5-56.5 56.5-148 0-204.5c-50-50-128.8-56.5-186.3-15.4l-1.6 1.1c-14.4 10.3-17.7 30.3-7.4 44.6s30.3 17.7 44.6 7.4l1.6-1.1c32.1-22.9 76-19.3 103.8 8.6c31.5 31.5 31.5 82.5 0 114L405.3 334.8c-31.5 31.5-82.5 31.5-114 0c-27.9-27.9-31.5-71.8-8.6-103.8l1.1-1.6c10.3-14.4 6.9-34.4-7.4-44.6s-34.4-6.9-44.6 7.4l-1.1 1.6C189.5 251.2 196 330 246 380c56.5 56.5 148 56.5 204.5 0L562.8 267.7zM43.2 244.3c-56.5 56.5-56.5 148 0 204.5c50 50 128.8 56.5 186.3 15.4l1.6-1.1c14.4-10.3 17.7-30.3 7.4-44.6s-30.3-17.7-44.6-7.4l-1.6 1.1c-32.1 22.9-76 19.3-103.8-8.6C57 372 57 321 88.5 289.5L200.7 177.2c31.5-31.5 82.5-31.5 114 0c27.9 27.9 31.5 71.8 8.6 103.9l-1.1 1.6c-10.3 14.4-6.9 34.4 7.4 44.6s34.4 6.9 44.6-7.4l1.1-1.6C416.5 260.8 410 182 360 132c-56.5-56.5-148-56.5-204.5 0L43.2 244.3z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-320 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span></span> </div> <p class="source-text svelte-x9jmks">Source: Hevia, Vergara-Lope, Velásquez-Durán, and Calderón. 2022. [link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102515 "Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico."] International Journal of Educational Development 88 (2022): 102515.</p></div> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c15"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">In some countries, many students dropped out before completing their education when the pandemic hit.[reference: Laura Moscoviz and David K. Evans. 2022. [link: https://www.cgdev.org/publication/learning-loss-and-student-dropouts-during-covid-19-pandemic-review-evidence-two-years “Learning Loss and Student Dropouts during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Evidence Two Years after Schools Shut Down.”] CGD Working Paper 609. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.] Compared to pre-COVID-19 rates, girls in secondary school in rural Kenya were three times as likely to drop out of school and twice as likely to get pregnant prior to completing school, making progress on [target: 4.5] even more difficult.</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c16"></a> <div class="drop_out_rates vis-container main svelte-x9jmks" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="internal-container svelte-x9jmks"><div class="title-container svelte-x9jmks"><h1 class="svelte-x9jmks">Dropout rates increased during the COVID-19 Pandemic</h1> <h2 class="svelte-x9jmks">Dropout Rates Pre-COVID-19 and During COVID-19</h2></div> <div class="vis svelte-x9jmks" role="img" aria-label="Connected line graph showing that dropout rates increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in several low and middle income countries."><div class="loading svelte-1vykx8k" style="min-height: 60vh;"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/images/tail-spin.svg" alt="Loading" class="svelte-1vykx8k"> <div style="display: flex"><div style="width: 75%"></div> <div style="width: 25%"></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="source svelte-x9jmks"> <span class="download-share svelte-x9jmks"><span class="download svelte-x9jmks borderless"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" data-customlink="download:vis-data-Dropout rates increased during the COVID-19 Pandemic" href="/sdgatlas/data/goal04/goal04.dropout.csv" aria-label="Download Data"><span aria-hidden="true">Data</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M288 32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V274.7l-73.4-73.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l128 128c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L288 274.7V32zM64 352c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v32c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H448c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V416c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H346.5l-45.3 45.3c-25 25-65.5 25-90.5 0L165.5 352H64zm368 56a24 24 0 1 1 0 48 24 24 0 1 1 0-48z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="download svelte-x9jmks"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Download Image"><span aria-hidden="true">Image</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M0 96C0 60.7 28.7 32 64 32H448c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V416c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V96zM323.8 202.5c-4.5-6.6-11.9-10.5-19.8-10.5s-15.4 3.9-19.8 10.5l-87 127.6L170.7 297c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h96 32H424c8.9 0 17.1-4.9 21.2-12.8s3.6-17.4-1.4-24.7l-120-176zM112 192a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="share svelte-x9jmks"><a alt="Copy link to clipboard"><span aria-hidden="true">Copy Link</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 640 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(320 256)" transform-origin="160 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M562.8 267.7c56.5-56.5 56.5-148 0-204.5c-50-50-128.8-56.5-186.3-15.4l-1.6 1.1c-14.4 10.3-17.7 30.3-7.4 44.6s30.3 17.7 44.6 7.4l1.6-1.1c32.1-22.9 76-19.3 103.8 8.6c31.5 31.5 31.5 82.5 0 114L405.3 334.8c-31.5 31.5-82.5 31.5-114 0c-27.9-27.9-31.5-71.8-8.6-103.8l1.1-1.6c10.3-14.4 6.9-34.4-7.4-44.6s-34.4-6.9-44.6 7.4l-1.1 1.6C189.5 251.2 196 330 246 380c56.5 56.5 148 56.5 204.5 0L562.8 267.7zM43.2 244.3c-56.5 56.5-56.5 148 0 204.5c50 50 128.8 56.5 186.3 15.4l1.6-1.1c14.4-10.3 17.7-30.3 7.4-44.6s-30.3-17.7-44.6-7.4l-1.6 1.1c-32.1 22.9-76 19.3-103.8-8.6C57 372 57 321 88.5 289.5L200.7 177.2c31.5-31.5 82.5-31.5 114 0c27.9 27.9 31.5 71.8 8.6 103.9l-1.1 1.6c-10.3 14.4-6.9 34.4 7.4 44.6s34.4 6.9 44.6-7.4l1.1-1.6C416.5 260.8 410 182 360 132c-56.5-56.5-148-56.5-204.5 0L43.2 244.3z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-320 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span></span> </div> <p class="source-text svelte-x9jmks">Source: Moscoviz, Laura, and David Evans.2022. [link: https://www.cgdev.org/publication/learning-loss-and-student-dropouts-during-covid-19-pandemic-review-evidence-two-years “Learning Loss and Student Dropouts during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Evidence Two Years after Schools Shut Down.”] CGD Working Paper 609. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.</p></div> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c17"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">In São Paulo, Brazil, students in remote schooling during 2020 learned roughly one-fourth of what they typically would in face-to-face instruction according to recent research. [reference: The World Bank, UNESCO and UNICEF (2021). The State of the Global Education Crisis: A Path to Recovery. Washington D.C., Paris, New York: The World Bank, UNESCO, and UNICEF. ]</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c18"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">The result of these losses is that the steady upward progress toward universal education over the past decade in São Paulo has been reversed.</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c19"></a> <div class="test_scores_saopaulo vis-container main svelte-x9jmks" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><div class="internal-container svelte-x9jmks"><div class="title-container svelte-x9jmks"><h1 class="svelte-x9jmks">Test scores in São Paulo dropped below pre-pandemic projections</h1> <h2 class="svelte-x9jmks">5th grade National Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) scores</h2></div> <div class="vis svelte-x9jmks" role="img" aria-label="Line chart showing that progress on increasing student achievement in São Paulo, Brazil was reversed during COVID-19."><div class="loading svelte-1vykx8k" style="min-height: 60vh;"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/images/tail-spin.svg" alt="Loading" class="svelte-1vykx8k"> <div style="display: flex"><div style="width: 75%"></div> <div style="width: 25%"></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="source svelte-x9jmks"> <span class="download-share svelte-x9jmks"><span class="download svelte-x9jmks borderless"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" data-customlink="download:vis-data-Test scores in São Paulo dropped below pre-pandemic projections" href="/sdgatlas/data/goal04/goal04.saopaulo.csv" aria-label="Download Data"><span aria-hidden="true">Data</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M288 32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V274.7l-73.4-73.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l128 128c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L288 274.7V32zM64 352c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v32c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H448c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V416c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H346.5l-45.3 45.3c-25 25-65.5 25-90.5 0L165.5 352H64zm368 56a24 24 0 1 1 0 48 24 24 0 1 1 0-48z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="download svelte-x9jmks"><a class="download-icon svelte-x9jmks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Download Image"><span aria-hidden="true">Image</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M0 96C0 60.7 28.7 32 64 32H448c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V416c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V96zM323.8 202.5c-4.5-6.6-11.9-10.5-19.8-10.5s-15.4 3.9-19.8 10.5l-87 127.6L170.7 297c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h96 32H424c8.9 0 17.1-4.9 21.2-12.8s3.6-17.4-1.4-24.7l-120-176zM112 192a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span> <span class="share svelte-x9jmks"><a alt="Copy link to clipboard"><span aria-hidden="true">Copy Link</span><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 640 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(320 256)" transform-origin="160 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M562.8 267.7c56.5-56.5 56.5-148 0-204.5c-50-50-128.8-56.5-186.3-15.4l-1.6 1.1c-14.4 10.3-17.7 30.3-7.4 44.6s30.3 17.7 44.6 7.4l1.6-1.1c32.1-22.9 76-19.3 103.8 8.6c31.5 31.5 31.5 82.5 0 114L405.3 334.8c-31.5 31.5-82.5 31.5-114 0c-27.9-27.9-31.5-71.8-8.6-103.8l1.1-1.6c10.3-14.4 6.9-34.4-7.4-44.6s-34.4-6.9-44.6 7.4l-1.1 1.6C189.5 251.2 196 330 246 380c56.5 56.5 148 56.5 204.5 0L562.8 267.7zM43.2 244.3c-56.5 56.5-56.5 148 0 204.5c50 50 128.8 56.5 186.3 15.4l1.6-1.1c14.4-10.3 17.7-30.3 7.4-44.6s-30.3-17.7-44.6-7.4l-1.6 1.1c-32.1 22.9-76 19.3-103.8-8.6C57 372 57 321 88.5 289.5L200.7 177.2c31.5-31.5 82.5-31.5 114 0c27.9 27.9 31.5 71.8 8.6 103.9l-1.1 1.6c-10.3 14.4-6.9 34.4 7.4 44.6s34.4 6.9 44.6-7.4l1.1-1.6C416.5 260.8 410 182 360 132c-56.5-56.5-148-56.5-204.5 0L43.2 244.3z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-320 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></a></span></span> </div> <p class="source-text svelte-x9jmks">Source: Azevedo,Joao Pedro Wagner De; Rogers,F. Halsey; Ahlgren,Sanna Ellinore; Cloutier,Marie-Helene; Chakroun,Borhene; Chang,Gwang-Chol; Mizunoya,Suguru; Reuge,Nicolas Jean; Brossard,Matt; Bergmann,Jessica Lynn (2022). [link: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380128 The State of the Global Education Crisis: A Path to Recovery]. Authors’ calculations using data from SEDUC-SP, 2021. SAEB scores range from 0 to 500.</p></div> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c20"></a> <div class="subhed layout-main svelte-allwnz" style="--goal-color : var(--color-un-sdg4)"><h2 class="svelte-allwnz">The Recovery </h2> </div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c21"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">Taken together the impacts of COVID-19 on education could reduce the lifetime earnings of this generation of students by $21 trillion [target: 8.1].[reference: World Bank. 2022. [link: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/publication/state-of-global-learning-poverty "The State of Global Learning Poverty.".]] In low and middle income countries, the total lifetime earnings losses are estimated to be $11 trillion. On a per capita basis, the current school-age generation might see a reduction in annual income of $975. To avert these losses, a strong recovery will be needed.</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c22"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">One policy that has helped is returning children to school. Looking at some municipalities in São Paulo that resumed classes earlier than others, researchers found that test scores increased 20 percent for students in schools where in-person instruction resumed compared to students in schools where it did not.[reference: Lichand, G., Doria, C.A., Leal-Neto, O. et al. 2022. [link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01350-6 The impacts of remote learning in secondary education during the pandemic in Brazil]. Nat Hum Behav 6, 1079–1086. ] Student attendance also increased in schools resuming in-person instruction sooner.</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c23"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">In a study conducted in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, students sustained learning losses equivalent to around two years in mathematics and one year in language.[reference: Singh, A., Romero, M. and Muralidharan, K. 2022. [link: https://doi.org/10.35489/BSG-RISEWP_2022/112 COVID-19 Learning Loss and Recovery: Panel Data Evidence from India.] RISE Working Paper Series. 22/112. ] However, they were able to regain around two-thirds of the losses (that is roughly 15 months in mathematics and 7 months in language) in just five months by returning to school and participating in a remediation program introduced by the government.</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c24"></a> <div class="text-block layout-main svelte-qvzwez">While returning to in-person schooling will help recover losses, this will not be enough as countries were likely to fall short of targets even prior to COVID-19. A strong response by countries to repair the damage of COVID-19 and accelerate improvements in learning will be needed to meet the goal of ensuring all children are provided a high quality education and lifelong learning opportunities.</div><div class="observer navigation-highlights svelte-n5348p"></div> <div class="observer loading svelte-n5348p"></div> <a name="c25"></a> <div class="supplementary content-full svelte-s728h6" style="--sdg-color: var(--color-un-sdg4)"><hr class="svelte-s728h6"> <h1 class="layout-content svelte-s728h6">Learn more about SDG 4</h1> <p class="desc-text svelte-s728h6">In the charts below you can find more facts about SDG {activeGoal} targets, which are not covered in this story. The data for these graphics is derived from official UN data sources.</p> <div class="overlay-graphic svelte-cy315q"><div class="header svelte-cy315q"><p class="target svelte-cy315q"><span class="goal-target">SDG target</span> 4.4</p> <div class="close-button svelte-cy315q"><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;font-size:.75em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 320 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(160 256)" transform-origin="80 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M310.6 150.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L160 210.7 54.6 105.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L114.7 256 9.4 361.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L160 301.3 265.4 406.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L205.3 256 310.6 150.6z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-160 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></div></div> <div class="title-container svelte-cy315q"><h1 class="svelte-cy315q">Many youth and adults in low and middle income countries lack basic ICT skills such as copying or moving a file or folder.</h1> <h2 class="svelte-cy315q">Proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) and adults (aged 15 years and above) with basic information and communications technology (ICT) skills, most recent value in 2017-20 (%)</h2></div> <div class="graphic svelte-cy315q"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/supplementary/en/goal04/sdg_4_IT__cmfl_skills_rev.png" class="svelte-cy315q"></div> <hr class="svelte-cy315q"> <p class="note svelte-cy315q">* Each dot represents a country.</p> <hr class="svelte-cy315q"> <p class="source svelte-cy315q"><span class="source-text">Source: United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). Retrieved from [link: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/dataportal/database UN SDG Portal (4.4)]</span> <span class="download svelte-cy315q">DOWNLOAD <span class="download-icon svelte-cy315q"><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M0 96C0 60.7 28.7 32 64 32H448c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V416c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V96zM323.8 202.5c-4.5-6.6-11.9-10.5-19.8-10.5s-15.4 3.9-19.8 10.5l-87 127.6L170.7 297c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h96 32H424c8.9 0 17.1-4.9 21.2-12.8s3.6-17.4-1.4-24.7l-120-176zM112 192a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></span></span></p> </div><div class="overlay-graphic svelte-cy315q"><div class="header svelte-cy315q"><p class="target svelte-cy315q"><span class="goal-target">SDG target</span> 4.6</p> <div class="close-button svelte-cy315q"><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;font-size:.75em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 320 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(160 256)" transform-origin="80 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M310.6 150.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L160 210.7 54.6 105.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L114.7 256 9.4 361.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L160 301.3 265.4 406.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L205.3 256 310.6 150.6z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-160 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></div></div> <div class="title-container svelte-cy315q"><h1 class="svelte-cy315q">Adult literacy rates between men and women have converged over time, but gaps still remain</h1> <h2 class="svelte-cy315q">Literacy rate (% of people ages 15 and above) by region, 1980-2020</h2></div> <div class="graphic svelte-cy315q"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/supplementary/en/goal04/sdg_4_literacy_region.png" class="svelte-cy315q"></div> <hr class="svelte-cy315q"> <p class="source svelte-cy315q"><span class="source-text">Source: UNESCO UIS. Retrieved from World Development Indicators([link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS SE.ADT.LITR.ZS], [link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.MA.ZS SE.ADT.LITR.MA.ZS], [link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.FE.ZS SE.ADT.LITR.FE.ZS]).</span> <span class="download svelte-cy315q">DOWNLOAD <span class="download-icon svelte-cy315q"><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(256 256)" transform-origin="128 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M0 96C0 60.7 28.7 32 64 32H448c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V416c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V96zM323.8 202.5c-4.5-6.6-11.9-10.5-19.8-10.5s-15.4 3.9-19.8 10.5l-87 127.6L170.7 297c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h96 32H424c8.9 0 17.1-4.9 21.2-12.8s3.6-17.4-1.4-24.7l-120-176zM112 192a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-256 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></span></span></p> </div><div class="overlay-graphic svelte-cy315q"><div class="header svelte-cy315q"><p class="target svelte-cy315q"><span class="goal-target">SDG target</span> 4.5</p> <div class="close-button svelte-cy315q"><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" style="height:1em;font-size:.75em;vertical-align:-.125em;transform-origin:center;overflow:visible" viewBox="0 0 320 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(160 256)" transform-origin="80 0"><g transform="translate(0,0) scale(1,1)"><path d="M310.6 150.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L160 210.7 54.6 105.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L114.7 256 9.4 361.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L160 301.3 265.4 406.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L205.3 256 310.6 150.6z" fill="currentColor" transform="translate(-160 -256)"></path></g></g></svg></div></div> <div class="title-container svelte-cy315q"><h1 class="svelte-cy315q">Despite global progress, gender gaps in primary completion remain in Sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East & North Africa.</h1> </div> <div class="graphic svelte-cy315q"><img src="/sdgatlas/assets/supplementary/en/goal04/sdg_4_completion.png" class="svelte-cy315q"></div> <hr class="svelte-cy315q"> <p class="source svelte-cy315q"><span class="source-text">Source: UNESCO UIS, Retrieved from World Development Indicators, ([link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.CMPT.ZS SE.PRM.CMPT.ZS], [link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.CMPT.MA.ZS SE.PRM.CMPT.MA.ZS], [link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.CMPT.FE.ZS SE.PRM.CMPT.FE.ZS]).</span> <span class="download svelte-cy315q">DOWNLOAD <span class="download-icon svelte-cy315q"><svg class="svelte-fa svelte-1cj2gr0" 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