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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Compression_algorithm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compression_algorithm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Compression algorithm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compression_algorithm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference_implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference_implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reference implementation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference_implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Advantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Alternative implementations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alternative_implementations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alternative implementations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alternative_implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-lrzip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#lrzip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>lrzip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-lrzip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-rzip64" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#rzip64"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>rzip64</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-rzip64-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-REP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#REP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>REP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-REP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SREP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SREP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>SREP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SREP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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#a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rzip" title="Special:EditPage/Rzip">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rzip%22">"Rzip"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rzip%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rzip%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rzip%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rzip%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rzip%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">rzip</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Andrew Tridgell</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2.1 / 14 February 2006<span class="noprint">; 19 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2006-02-14</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/File_size" title="File size">Size</a></th><td class="infobox-data">46K (source code tarball, gzipped)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rzip.samba.org/">rzip<wbr />.samba<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>rzip</b> is a huge-scale <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">data compression</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer program</a> designed around initial <a href="/wiki/LZ77" class="mw-redirect" title="LZ77">LZ77</a>-style string matching on a 900 MB dictionary window, followed by <a href="/wiki/Bzip2" title="Bzip2">bzip2</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Burrows%E2%80%93Wheeler_transform" title="Burrows–Wheeler transform">Burrows–Wheeler transform</a> and entropy coding (<a href="/wiki/Huffman_coding" title="Huffman coding">Huffman</a>) on 900 kB output chunks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compression_algorithm">Compression algorithm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Compression algorithm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>rzip operates in two stages. The first stage finds and encodes large chunks of duplicated data over potentially very long distances (900 MB) in the input file. The second stage uses a standard compression algorithm (<a href="/wiki/Bzip2" title="Bzip2">bzip2</a>) to compress the output of the first stage. </p><p>It is quite common these days to need to compress files that contain long distance redundancies. For example, when compressing a set of home directories several users might have copies of the same file, or of quite similar files. It is also common to have a single file that contains large duplicated chunks over long distances, such as <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> files containing repeated copies of the same image. Most compression programs won't be able to take advantage of this redundancy, and thus might achieve a much lower compression ratio than rzip can achieve. </p><p>The intermediate interface between the two stages is made of a byte-aligned data stream of which there are two commands, a <i>literal</i> ("add") with length and data: </p> <pre> type:8 = 0 => literal/add range of count bytes count:16 = 1..65535 data:8..∞ = literal data to be inserted (n whole bytes) </pre> <p>and a <i>match</i> ("copy") with length and offset parameters: </p> <pre> type:8 = 1 => match/copy range of count bytes count:16 = 31..65535 offset:32 = offset to position to be copied from </pre> <p>Literal or match/copy lengths of greater than 65,535 bytes are split into multiple instructions. End-of-stream is indicated with a zero-length literal/add (type=0,count=0) command and immediately followed by a <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check" title="Cyclic redundancy check">32-bit CRC</a> checksum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference_implementation">Reference implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reference implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A rolling-checksum algorithm based on the one in <a href="/wiki/Rsync" title="Rsync">rsync</a> is used to locate potential matches from over such a large dataset. As the hash buckets fill up, previous hashes ("tags") are discarded based on twice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The tags are discarded in such a manner as to provide <i>fairly good</i> coverage, with a gradually decreasing match granularity as the distance increases. This implementation does not search for match lengths of fewer than 31 consecutive bytes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages">Advantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Advantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The key difference between rzip and other well known compression algorithms is its ability to take advantage of very long distance redundancy. The well known deflate algorithm used in <a href="/wiki/Gzip" title="Gzip">gzip</a> uses a maximum history buffer of 32 KiB. The <a href="/wiki/Burrows%E2%80%93Wheeler_transform" title="Burrows–Wheeler transform">Burrows–Wheeler transform</a> block sorting algorithm used in <a href="/wiki/Bzip2" title="Bzip2">bzip2</a> is limited to 900 KiB of history. The history buffer in rzip can be up to 900 MiB long, several orders of magnitude larger than gzip or bzip2. Rzip is often much faster than bzip2, despite using the bzip2 library as a back end. This is because rzip feeds bzip2 with shrunken data, so that bzip2 has to do less work. Simple comparisons (although too small for it to be an authoritative benchmark) have been produced.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>rzip is not suited for every purpose. The two biggest disadvantages of rzip are that it cannot be pipelined (so it cannot read from standard input or write to standard output), and that it uses a high amount of memory: a typical compression run on a large file might use hundreds of megabytes of <a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a>. If there is a lot of RAM to spare and a very high compression ratio is required, rzip should be used, but if these conditions are not satisfied, alternate compression methods such as gzip and bzip2, which are less memory-intensive, should be used instead of rzip. There is at least one patch to enable pipelining.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>rzip was originally written by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tridgell" title="Andrew Tridgell">Andrew Tridgell</a> as part of his PhD research. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_implementations">Alternative implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alternative implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="lrzip">lrzip</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: lrzip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">lrzip</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Con Kolivas, Peter Hyman, Andrew Tridgell</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">January 2008<span class="noprint">; 17 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">0.651 / 9 March 2022<span class="noprint">; 3 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2022-03-09</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data">C, C++ (libzpaq)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/File_size" title="File size">Size</a></th><td class="infobox-data">246K (source code tarball, gzipped)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ckolivas/lrzip">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/ckolivas<wbr />/lrzip</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>lrzip (Long Range ZIP) is an improved version of rzip. Its file format (<code>.lrz</code>) is incompatible with rzip's. It has the following improvements: </p> <ul><li>Choice of <a href="/wiki/LZMA" class="mw-redirect" title="LZMA">LZMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Oberhumer" title="Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer">LZO</a>, <a href="/wiki/DEFLATE" class="mw-redirect" title="DEFLATE">DEFLATE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bzip2" title="Bzip2">Bzip2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ZPAQ" title="ZPAQ">ZPAQ</a> compression (as opposed to Bzip2 only)</li> <li>No dictionary limit, not even limited by available RAM</li> <li>Ability to test data for compressibility before compressing, preventing the computer from wasting time by trying to compress incompressible data</li> <li>Ability to be pipelined from standard input / standard output (with a loss in compression ratio)</li> <li>Ability to disable last-stage compression for use with another compressor</li> <li>Optional <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard" title="Advanced Encryption Standard">AES-128</a> encryption<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The lrzip distribution comes with a pair of programs to use it with <a href="/wiki/Tar_(computing)" title="Tar (computing)">tar</a>, <code>lrztar</code> and <code>lrzuntar</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="rzip64">rzip64</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: rzip64"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>rzip64 is an extension of rzip for very large files that can utilize multiple <a href="/wiki/CPU_core" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU core">CPU cores</a> in parallel. There are benchmark results.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most important, however, is the ability of rzip64 to be interrupted at any time. Thereby a running compression task (that may easily take several hours for large files) survives even a system maintenance reboot without losing already completed work and can be resumed later. The file format of rzip64 is identical to the original rzip. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="REP">REP</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: REP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>REP is an alternative implementation of rzip algorithm by Bulat Ziganshin used in his <a href="/wiki/FreeArc" title="FreeArc">FreeArc</a> archiver as preprocessor for LZMA/Tornado compression algorithms. In FreeArc, REP finds large-distance matches and then LZMA compress the remaining data. For example, on computer with 2 GB RAM, REP finds matches that is at least 512 bytes long at the distances up to 1 GB, and then LZMA finds any remaining matches at the distances up to 128 MB. So, working together, they provide the best compression possible on 2 GB RAM budget. </p><p>Being optimized for stream decompression and collaborative work with LZMA, REP has some differences from the original RZIP implementation. First, by default it finds only matches that are 512+ byte long, since benchmarking proved that this is optimal setting for overall REP+LZMA compression. Second, it uses a sliding dictionary that's about 1/2 RAM long, so decompression doesn't need to reread data from decompressed file. REP's advantage is its multiplicative rolling hash that is both quick to compute and has near-ideal distribution. </p><p>Larger minimal match length (512 bytes compared to 32 bytes in rzip) allowed for additional speed optimizations, so that REP provides very fast compression (about 200 MB/s on Intel i3-2100). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SREP">SREP</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: SREP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SREP (SuperREP) is an implementation of Tridgell's idea of LZ compressor that doesn't store its dictionary in RAM, using instead SHA1 hashes of processed blocks to compare their contents. It allows the program to compress files that are about 10x larger than RAM available. Decompression performed either by reading data from decompressed part of file, or by storing in the memory future matches (future-LZ compression algorithm). Of course, future-LZ compression requires 2 passes over input file but decompression needs tiny memory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In one experiment, 22 GB file compressed with minimum match length of 512 bytes and full 22 GB dictionary required just 2 GB of RAM for decompression.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archive_formats" title="List of archive formats">List of archive formats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_archive_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of archive formats">Comparison of archive formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_archivers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of file archivers">List of file archivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_file_archivers" title="Comparison of file archivers">Comparison of file archivers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080604070032/http://www.linux-mag.com/id/2484">Choosing the Right Zip Code</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot/Usurpations" title="Wikipedia:Link rot/Usurpations"><span title="The original domain has been hijacked for the purposes of spam, advertising, or or other fraudulent activity. The archive URL is encased in a usurped template to mitigate accidentally re-activating the underlying usurped URL, such as by converting to a CS1 or CS2 template. See template documentation.">usurped</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rzip.samba.org/">"rzip"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=rzip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frzip.samba.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARzip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rachinsky.de/nicolas/misc.shtml">"Nicolas Rachinsky: Links"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicolas+Rachinsky%3A+Links&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rachinsky.de%2Fnicolas%2Fmisc.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARzip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKolivas" class="citation web cs1">Kolivas, Kon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ckolivas/lrzip/blob/master/README.md">"lrzip README"</a>. <i>GitHub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=lrzip+README&rft.aulast=Kolivas&rft.aufirst=Kon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fckolivas%2Flrzip%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FREADME.md&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARzip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghsi.de/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=105&Itemid=160">"GHSi - Benchmarking rzip64"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GHSi+-+Benchmarking+rzip64&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghsi.de%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D105%26Itemid%3D160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARzip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rzip&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rzip.samba.org/">rzip</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ckolivas/lrzip">lrzip</a> — an improvement to rzip allowing the second stage <a href="/wiki/Bzip2" title="Bzip2">bzip2</a> reduction to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/LZMA" class="mw-redirect" title="LZMA">LZMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Oberhumer" title="Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer">LZO</a>, or no second-stage (raw, dictionary-only compression). The author is Con Kolivas who states that 'lrzip' stands for 'Long Range ZIP'.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rzip64.ghsi.eu/">rzip64</a> — a parallel improvement to 'rzip' with stop-and-go mode from Kay Gorontzi.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119012038/http://freearc.org/Research.aspx">REP</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2016-11-19) — improved RZIP implementation optimized for use together with LZMA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223135216/http://freearc.org/research/SREP.aspx">SREP</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2016-12-23) — the first LZ compressor that uses less RAM than dictionary size</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040803053742/http://www.datacompression.info/LZSS.shtml">DataCompression.info – LZ77/LZSS and derivatives</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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format">Archive formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar_(Unix)" title="Ar (Unix)">ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cpio" title="Cpio">cpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shar_(file_format)" title="Shar (file format)">shar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(computing)" title="Tar (computing)">tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBR_(file_format)" title="LBR (file format)">LBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doom_modding" title="Doom modding">WAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARC_(file_format)" title="WARC (file format)">WARC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compression only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brotli" title="Brotli">Brotli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bzip2" title="Bzip2">bzip2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compress_(software)" title="Compress (software)">compress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gzip" title="Gzip">gzip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zopfli" title="Zopfli">Zopfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Markov_chain_algorithm" title="Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm">LZMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ4_(compression_algorithm)" title="LZ4 (compression algorithm)">LZ4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lzip" title="Lzip">lzip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lzop" title="Lzop">lzop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQ_(program)" title="SQ (program)">SQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XZ_Utils" title="XZ Utils">xz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zstd" title="Zstd">Zstandard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving and compression</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7z" title="7z">7z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACE_(compressed_file_format)" title="ACE (compressed file format)">ACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARC_(file_format)" title="ARC (file format)">ARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARJ" title="ARJ">ARJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B1_(file_format)" title="B1 (file format)">B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFS_(file_format)" title="CFS (file format)">cfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Pro" title="Compact Pro">cpt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_(disk_archiver)" title="Dar (disk archiver)">dar</a></li> <li>DGCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Disk_Image" title="Apple Disk Image">.dmg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALZip" title="ALZip">.egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB_Archiver" title="KGB Archiver">kgb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHA_(file_format)" title="LHA (file format)">LHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lrzip" class="mw-redirect" title="Lrzip">lrzip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZX" title="LZX">LZX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPQ_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="MPQ (file format)">MPQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeaZip#Native_archive_format" title="PeaZip">PEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAR_(file_format)" title="RAR (file format)">RAR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">rzip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StuffIt" title="StuffIt">sit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/StuffIt" title="StuffIt">sitx</a></li></ul></li> <li>SQX</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAQ" title="PAQ">UDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(archiver)" title="Xar (archiver)">Xar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_(file_format)" title="Zoo (file format)">zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_(file_format)" title="ZIP (file format)">ZIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZPAQ" title="ZPAQ">ZPAQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Package_format" title="Package 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