F-Root - ISC

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en-us"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> F-Root - ISC </title> <meta property="og:title" content="F-Root" /> <meta property="og:description" content="One of the 13 root name servers" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.isc.org/f-root/" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-07-10T00:00:00+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-07-10T00:00:00+00:00" />  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5"> <meta name="description" content="One of the 13 root name servers"> <meta name="author" content="Internet Systems Consortium"> <meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.121.1"> <script> document.documentElement.classList.remove('no-js'); </script> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lykmapipo/themify-icons@0.1.2/css/themify-icons.css" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"> <noscript> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lykmapipo/themify-icons@0.1.2/css/themify-icons.css" integrity="sha256-8g4waLJVanZaKB04tvyhKu2CZges6pA5SUelZAux/1U=" crossorigin="anonymous"> </noscript> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"> <noscript> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous"> </noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/scss/style.min.css" integrity="" media="screen"> <script src="/plugins/modernizr/modernizr-custom.js"></script>  <script defer src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>  <script defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script defer src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.1.3/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.isc.org/f-root/" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="icon" href="/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <meta property="og:title" content="F-Root" /> <meta property="og:description" content="One of the 13 root name servers" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.isc.org/f-root/" /><meta property="article:section" content="" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-07-10T00:00:00+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-07-10T00:00:00+00:00" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-EF669E5YC2"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 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We have operated F-Root for the Internet since 1994. The Root Server Technical Operations Association maintains a <a href="http://www.root-servers.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">map</a> that shows the location of all of the world’s root name servers. Over 230 of them are F-Root nodes.</p> <h5 id="anycast">Anycast</h5> <p>If you are perplexed that the number of F-Root servers is greater than 13 (the number of root name servers), you can <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anycast" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">read about the “anycast” </a>scheme used to make the servers collectively behave as one server. F-Root answers queries over IPv4 on 192.5.5.241, and over IPv6 on 2001:500:2f::f using a <a href="https://downloads.isc.org/isc/pubs/tn/isc-tn-2003-1.txt" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hierarchical anycast</a> technique and <a title="BIND" href="/bind">BIND 9</a> software. Network operators can improve their access to the F-Root name server, and hence the reliability of the DNS in general, by peering with ISC at the exchange points where we maintain a presence.</p> <h5 id="peering">Peering</h5> <p>We have almost 3,000 F-Root peers. For information about peering with ISC, see our <a href="/froot-peering">peering information</a> page.</p> <h5 id="hosting-f-root">Hosting F-Root</h5> <p>If you think your users would benefit from the improved DNS stability that a local F-Root Server would bring and are interested in hosting an F-Root node, please first read the <a title="Hosting an F-Root Node" href="/froot-process">Hosting an F-Root Node - Process Overview</a> page and the <a title="F-Root Technical Requirements" href="/froot-technical">technical requirements for hosting an F-Root node</a> for more information.</p> <p>If you are a researcher and your research involves F.root-servers.net in any way, please contact us at <a href="mailto:f-root@isc.org">f-root@isc.org</a> and we will be happy to provide you with first-hand information on any aspects of F-Root.</p> <h5 id="locations">Locations</h5> <p>For a current list of F-Root nodes, see the <a href="https://www.root-servers.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Root Server Technical Operations Association</a> website and select F-Root at the bottom of the page.</p> <h5 id="which-f-root-node-am-i-using">Which F-Root Node Am I Using?</h5> <p>To ensure that your users have access to an appropriate local root server it can be useful to find out which instance of the F-Root name server you are currently using. If there is a site listed close to you but you do not appear to be using it, ask your ISP to contact us so we can <a title="Network Peering" href="/froot-peering">make the local site available</a> to their customers.</p> <p>To find out which F-Root site is answering your queries, try one or both of the following:</p> <pre tabindex="0"><code>traceroute f.root-servers.net </code></pre><p>The route your packets take to reach F should give you some information about which site you are using.</p> <pre tabindex="0"><code>dig +norec @f.root-servers.net hostname.bind chaos txt </code></pre><p>This command sends a query to the F-Root nameserver, asking it to reveal the name of the particular server which answers the query. The hostname will contain an IATA three letter airport code, allowing the location of the server to be identified. The <code>dig</code> utility is distributed with ISC BIND 9.</p> <h5 id="f-roots-data-collection-policy">F-Root’s Data Collection Policy</h5> <p>ISC routinely captures all DNS traffic sent to F-root for analysis in the event of a network attack or to help diagnose network issues. This data is deleted after 10 days.</p> <p>Once a year (or occasionally more often if significant changes are happening in the global DNS) a 2 to 3 day snapshot of anonymized F-Root traffic is sent to DNS-OARC for part of their “Day In the Life of the Internet” (<a href="https://www.dns-oarc.net/oarc/data/ditl">DITL</a>) survey. Our data is not shared elsewhere.</p> <h6 id="links">Links</h6> <ul> <li><a href="/froot-peering" target="_blank">F-Root Network Peering</a></li> <li><a href="/froot-process" target="blank">Hosting an F-Root Server - Process Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/froot-technical" target="_blank">Hosting an F-Root Server - Technical Information</a></li> <li><a href="/contact" target="_blank">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.root-servers.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Root Server Technical Operations Association</a></li> </ul> <h6 id="documents">Documents</h6> <ul> <li>All RSSAC publications, including those related to root servers, are available at <a href="https://www.icann.org/groups/rssac/documents">the RSSAC site</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/isc-froot-rssac001.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ISC Report on F-Root鈥檚 Compliance with RSSAC001v1</a></li> <li><a href="https://icannwiki.com/index.php/Root_Zone" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">What is the DNS Root?</a></li> </ul> <h6 id="presentations">Presentations</h6> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnWOZEmniik&index=9&list=PLjzK5ZtLlc91iPCbC1uf3_Bn0Gol8EnBO" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">F-Root Anycast Placement Research Using RIPE Atlas</a> (UKNOF 2015)</li> <li><a href="/docs/ISC-AFRINIC-21.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">F-Root in Africa</a> (AFRINIC 2014)</li> </ul> <h6 id="research-on-the-dns-root">Research on the DNS root</h6> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.caida.org/research/policy/dns-country/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How much traffic do the Root Servers see?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.caida.org/data/passive/dns_root_gtld_rtt_dataset.xml" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Root response-time measurements - CAIDA</a></li> <li><a href="https://atlas.ripe.net/results/maps/comparative-dns-root-rtt/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Root response-time measurements - RIPE Atlas</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section>   <footer class="bg-cover footer"> <div class="footer-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3 mb-5 col-sm-6"> <h4 class="h5 text-white mb-4">Software</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a class="text-white opacity-5" href="/stork/">Stork Graphical Management for Kea DHCP</a></li> <li><a class="text-white opacity-5" href="/bind/">BIND 9</a></li> <li><a class="text-white opacity-5" href="/kea/">Kea DHCP</a></li> <li><a class="text-white opacity-5" href="/dhcp/">ISC DHCP</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 mb-5 col-sm-6"> <h4 class="h5 text-white mb-4">Technical Resources</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a class="text-white opacity-5" href="https://kb.isc.org">ISC Technical Knowledgebase</a></li> <li><a class="text-white opacity-5" href="https://kb.isc.org/docs/aa-00913">BIND 9 Security Vulnerability Matrix</a></li> <li><a class="text-white opacity-5" 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F-Root - ISC