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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sir_Hans_Sloane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sir_Hans_Sloane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sir Hans Sloane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sir_Hans_Sloane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foundation_(1753)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_(1753)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Foundation (1753)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_(1753)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet_of_curiosities_(1753–1778)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet_of_curiosities_(1753–1778)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet_of_curiosities_(1753–1778)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indolence_and_energy_(1778–1800)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indolence_and_energy_(1778–1800)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Indolence and energy (1778–1800)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indolence_and_energy_(1778–1800)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_and_change_(1800–1825)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_and_change_(1800–1825)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Growth and change (1800–1825)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_and_change_(1800–1825)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_largest_building_site_in_Europe_(1825–1850)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_largest_building_site_in_Europe_(1825–1850)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>The largest building site in Europe (1825–1850)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_largest_building_site_in_Europe_(1825–1850)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collecting_from_the_wider_world_(1850–1875)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collecting_from_the_wider_world_(1850–1875)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Collecting from the wider world (1850–1875)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collecting_from_the_wider_world_(1850–1875)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarship_and_legacies_(1875–1900)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarship_and_legacies_(1875–1900)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Scholarship and legacies (1875–1900)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarship_and_legacies_(1875–1900)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_century,_new_building_(1900–1925)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_century,_new_building_(1900–1925)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>New century, new building (1900–1925)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_century,_new_building_(1900–1925)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disruption_and_reconstruction_(1925–1950)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disruption_and_reconstruction_(1925–1950)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Disruption and reconstruction (1925–1950)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disruption_and_reconstruction_(1925–1950)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_new_public_face_(1950–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_new_public_face_(1950–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>A new public face (1950–1975)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_new_public_face_(1950–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Great_Court_emerges_(1975–2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Great_Court_emerges_(1975–2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>The Great Court emerges (1975–2000)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Court_emerges_(1975–2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_British_Museum_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_British_Museum_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>The British Museum today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_British_Museum_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Director" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Director"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Director</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Director-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trustees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trustees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Trustees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trustees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Departments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Departments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Departments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Department_of_Egypt_and_Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Egypt_and_Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Department of Egypt and Sudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Egypt_and_Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Greece_and_Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Greece_and_Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Department of Greece and Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Greece_and_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_the_Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_the_Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Department of the Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_the_Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Prints_and_Drawings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Prints_and_Drawings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Department of Prints and Drawings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Prints_and_Drawings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Britain,_Europe_and_Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Britain,_Europe_and_Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Britain,_Europe_and_Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Department of Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Africa,_Oceania_and_the_Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Africa,_Oceania_and_the_Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Africa,_Oceania_and_the_Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Money_and_Medals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Money_and_Medals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Department of Money and Medals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Money_and_Medals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Conservation_and_Scientific_Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Conservation_and_Scientific_Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Department of Conservation and Scientific Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Conservation_and_Scientific_Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries_and_archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries_and_archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Libraries and archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries_and_archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Museum_Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Museum_Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>British Museum Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Museum_Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversies and criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies_and_criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies and criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contested_artefacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contested_artefacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Contested artefacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contested_artefacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_contested_artefacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_contested_artefacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>List of contested artefacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_contested_artefacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi-looted_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi-looted_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Nazi-looted art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi-looted_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BP_sponsorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BP_sponsorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>BP sponsorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BP_sponsorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairman's_Advisory_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairman's_Advisory_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Chairman's Advisory Group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairman's_Advisory_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thefts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thefts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Thefts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thefts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Copyright settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Galleries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Galleries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Galleries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Digital_and_online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_and_online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Digital and online</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_and_online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Exhibitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhibitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">British Museum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britse_Museum" title="Britse Museum – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Britse Museum" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryttisc_Museum" title="Bryttisc Museum – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bryttisc Museum" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="المتحف البريطاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المتحف البريطاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9u_Brit%C3%A1nicu" title="Muséu Británicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Muséu Británicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaniya_Muzeyi" title="Britaniya Muzeyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Britaniya Muzeyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_British" title="Museum British – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Museum British" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ব্রিটিশ মিউজিয়াম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রিটিশ মিউজিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i-eng_Phok-bu%CC%8Dt-ko%C3%A1n" title="Tāi-eng Phok-bu̍t-koán – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi-eng Phok-bu̍t-koán" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Брытанскі музей – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брытанскі музей" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Брытанскі музэй – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брытанскі музэй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Британски музей – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Британски музей" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanski_muzej" title="Britanski muzej – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Britanski muzej" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Brit%C3%A0nic" title="Museu Britànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Museu Britànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Британ музейĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Британ музейĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_muzeum" title="Britské muzeum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Britské muzeum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Amgueddfa_Brydeinig" title="Yr Amgueddfa Brydeinig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Amgueddfa Brydeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briti_Muuseum" title="Briti Muuseum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Briti Muuseum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Βρετανικό Μουσείο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βρετανικό Μουσείο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Museo Británico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Museo Británico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brita_Muzeo" title="Brita Muzeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brita Muzeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="موزه بریتانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موزه بریتانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk_Museum" title="Britsk Museum – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Britsk Museum" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsaem_na_Breataine" title="Músaem na Breataine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Músaem na Breataine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Museo Británico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Museo Británico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%98%81%EB%B0%95%EB%AC%BC%EA%B4%80" title="대영박물관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대영박물관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բրիտանական թանգարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիտանական թանգարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="ब्रिटिश संग्रहालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रिटिश संग्रहालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0minjasafn_Bretlands" title="Þjóðminjasafn Bretlands – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðminjasafn Bretlands" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="המוזיאון הבריטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המוזיאון הבריטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ბრიტანეთის მუზეუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრიტანეთის მუზეუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%96" title="Британ музейі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Британ музейі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwithti_Bretennek" title="Gwithti Bretennek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gwithti Bretennek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B8" title="Британ музейи – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Британ музейи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Britannicum" title="Museum Britannicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Museum Britannicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britu_muzejs" title="Britu muzejs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Britu muzejs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%C5%B3_muziejus" title="Britų muziejus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Britų muziejus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Британски музеј – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Британски музеј" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് മ്യൂസിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് മ്യൂസിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="ब्रिटिश संग्रहालय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रिटिश संग्रहालय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="ბრიტანეთიშ მუზეუმი (ლონდონი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბრიტანეთიშ მუზეუმი (ლონდონი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="المتحف البريطانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المتحف البريطانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87" title="بریتانیا موزه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بریتانیا موزه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzium_British" title="Muzium British – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muzium British" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Британийн музей – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Британийн музей" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဗြိတိသျှပြတိုက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗြိတိသျှပြတိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="ब्रिटिस सङ्ग्रहालय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ब्रिटिस सङ्ग्रहालय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="大英博物館 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大英博物館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Британин музей – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Британин музей" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Британийысе тоштер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Британийысе тоштер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaniya_muzeyi" title="Britaniya muzeyi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Britaniya muzeyi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਮਿਊਜ਼ੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਮਿਊਜ਼ੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B4_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="برٹش میوزیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برٹش میوزیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%DB%90_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85" title="د برتانيې موزيم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د برتانيې موزيم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzeum_Brytyjskie" title="Muzeum Brytyjskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muzeum Brytyjskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Brit%C3%A2nico" title="Museu Britânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Museu Britânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Британский музей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Британский музей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය කෞතුකාගාරය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය කෞතුකාගාරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%BD%D8%B4_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85" title="برٽش ميوزيم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برٽش ميوزيم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanski_muzej" title="Britanski muzej – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Britanski muzej" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Британски музеј – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Британски музеј" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museong_Britaniko" title="Museong Britaniko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Museong Britaniko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரித்தானிய அருங்காட்சியகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரித்தானிய அருங்காட்சியகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="พิพิธภัณฑ์บริติช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พิพิธภัณฑ์บริติช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Осорхонаи Британия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Осорхонаи Британия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="British Museum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Британський музей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Британський музей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B4_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="برٹش میوزیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برٹش میوزیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_Anh" title="Bảo tàng Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảo tàng Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="大英博物館 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="大英博物館" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Britaniko" title="Museo Britaniko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Museo Britaniko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="大英博物馆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大英博物馆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99" title="בריטישער מוזיי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בריטישער מוזיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="大英博物館 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大英博物館" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="大英博物馆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大英博物馆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=British_Museum&params=51_31_10_N_0_7_37_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°31′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°7′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.51944°N 0.12694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.51944; -0.12694</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum_Department_of_Conservation_and_Scientific_Research&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Conservation and Scientific Research">British Museum Department of Conservation and Scientific Research</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National museum in London, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="British Museum (disambiguation)">British Museum (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">British Museum</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/British_Museum_logo.svg/180px-British_Museum_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/British_Museum_logo.svg/270px-British_Museum_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/British_Museum_logo.svg/360px-British_Museum_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="165" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_(aerial).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/British_Museum_%28aerial%29.jpg/250px-British_Museum_%28aerial%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/British_Museum_%28aerial%29.jpg/375px-British_Museum_%28aerial%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/British_Museum_%28aerial%29.jpg/500px-British_Museum_%28aerial%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1575" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Aerial view of the British Museum in 2015</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_street_map_central_london.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="British Museum is located in Central London"><img alt="British Museum is located in Central London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Open_street_map_central_london.svg/250px-Open_street_map_central_london.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Open_street_map_central_london.svg/375px-Open_street_map_central_london.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Open_street_map_central_london.svg/500px-Open_street_map_central_london.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="754" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.703%;left:55.394%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="British Museum"><img alt="British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Central London</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">7 June 1753<span class="noprint">; 271 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1753-06-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data locality"><a href="/wiki/Great_Russell_Street" title="Great Russell Street">Great Russell Street</a>, London WC1B 3DG, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Collection size</th><td class="infobox-data">Approx. 8 million objects<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data">5,820,860 (2023;<sup id="cite_ref-ALVA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALVA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up 42% from 2022) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Most_visited_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Most visited museums in the United Kingdom">Ranked first nationally</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chair</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">George Osborne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Cullinan" title="Nicholas Cullinan">Nicholas Cullinan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public transit access</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_line" title="Elizabeth line"><img alt="Elizabeth line" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Elizabeth_line_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="416" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Court_Road_tube_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tottenham Court Road tube station">Tottenham Court Road</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Goodge_Street_tube_station" title="Goodge Street tube station">Goodge Street</a>; <a href="/wiki/Holborn_tube_station" title="Holborn tube station">Holborn</a>; <a href="/wiki/Russell_Square_tube_station" title="Russell Square tube station">Russell Square</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://britishmuseum.org/">britishmuseum<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6373#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">807,000 sq ft (75,000 m<sup>2</sup>) in<br /> 94 galleries</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>British Museum</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">public museum</a> dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Human_history" title="Human history">human history</a>, art and culture located in the <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury" title="Bloomsbury">Bloomsbury</a> area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established in 1753, the British Museum was the first public national museum to cover all fields of knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the museum received 5,820,860 visitors, an increase of 42% from 2022. It was the most popular attraction in the United Kingdom according to the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions (ALVA).<sup id="cite_ref-ALVA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALVA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At its beginning, the museum was largely based on the collections of the Anglo-Irish physician and scientist <a href="/wiki/Sir_Hans_Sloane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Hans Sloane">Sir Hans Sloane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It opened to the public in 1759, in <a href="/wiki/Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury" title="Montagu House, Bloomsbury">Montagu House</a>, on the site of the current building. The museum's expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of British colonisation and resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, or independent spin-offs, the first being the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a> in 1881. Some of its best-known acquisitions, such as the Greek <a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Elgin Marbles</a> and the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a>, are subject to long-term disputes and <a href="/wiki/Repatriation_(cultural_property)" title="Repatriation (cultural property)">repatriation</a> claims.<sup id="cite_ref-rosetta_stone_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosetta_stone-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-looted_art_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-looted_art-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, the British Library Act 1972<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> detached the library department from the British Museum, but it continued to host the now separated <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> in the same <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Reading_Room" title="British Museum Reading Room">Reading Room</a> and building as the museum until 1997. The museum is a <a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">non-departmental public body</a> sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a>. Like all UK national museums, it charges no admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sir_Hans_Sloane">Sir Hans Sloane</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sir Hans Sloane"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Hans_Sloane,_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sir_Hans_Sloane%2C_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg/170px-Sir_Hans_Sloane%2C_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sir_Hans_Sloane%2C_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg/255px-Sir_Hans_Sloane%2C_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sir_Hans_Sloane%2C_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg/340px-Sir_Hans_Sloane%2C_an_engraving_from_a_portrait_by_T._Murray.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hans_Sloane" title="Hans Sloane">Sir Hans Sloane</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Although today principally a museum of cultural art objects and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">antiquities</a>, the British Museum was founded as a "universal museum". Its foundations lie in the will of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">naturalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Sloane" title="Hans Sloane">Sir Hans Sloane</a> (1660–1753), a London-based doctor and scientist from <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a>. During the course of his lifetime, and particularly after he married the widow of a wealthy Jamaican planter,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sloane gathered a large <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_curiosities" title="Cabinet of curiosities">collection of curiosities</a>, and not wishing to see his collection broken up after death, he bequeathed it to <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">King George II</a>, for the nation, for a sum of £20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At that time, Sloane's collection consisted of around 71,000 objects of all kinds<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens including 337 volumes of dried plants, <a href="/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">prints</a> and drawings including those by <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a> and antiquities from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near</a> and <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Americas" title="History of the Americas">Americas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_(1753)"><span id="Foundation_.281753.29"></span>Foundation (1753)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation (1753)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 June 1753, <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="George II of Great Britain and Ireland">King George II</a> gave his <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a> which established the British Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Act_1753" title="British Museum Act 1753">British Museum Act 1753</a> also added two other libraries to the Sloane collection, namely the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_library" title="Cotton library">Cottonian Library</a>, assembled by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Cotton" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bruce Cotton">Sir Robert Cotton</a>, dating back to <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan</a> times, and the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Mortimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer">Harleian Library</a>, the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Oxford" title="Earl of Oxford">Earls of Oxford</a>. They were joined in 1757 by the "Old Royal Library", now the <a href="/wiki/Royal_manuscripts,_British_Library" title="Royal manuscripts, British Library">Royal manuscripts</a>, assembled by various <a href="/wiki/British_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarchy">British monarchs</a>. Together these four "foundation collections" included many of the most treasured books now in the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels" title="Lindisfarne Gospels">Lindisfarne Gospels</a> and the sole surviving manuscript of <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg/220px-The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg/330px-The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg/440px-The_North_Prospect_of_Mountague_House_JamesSimonc1715.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury" title="Montagu House, Bloomsbury">Montagu House</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1715</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum – national, belonging to neither church nor king, freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything. Sloane's collection, while including a vast miscellany of objects, tended to reflect his scientific interests.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The addition of the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Cotton" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bruce Cotton">Cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Mortimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer">Harley manuscripts</a> introduced a literary and <a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">antiquarian</a> element, and meant that the British Museum now became both <a href="/wiki/National_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum">National Museum</a> and library.<sup id="cite_ref-world_and_its_people_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-world_and_its_people-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cabinet_of_curiosities_(1753–1778)"><span id="Cabinet_of_curiosities_.281753.E2.80.931778.29"></span>Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cabinet of curiosities (1753–1778)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg/220px-Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg/330px-Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg/440px-Rosetta_Stone_International_Congress_of_Orientalists_ILN_1874.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a> on display in the British Museum in 1874</figcaption></figure> <p>The body of trustees decided on a converted 17th-century mansion, <a href="/wiki/Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury" title="Montagu House, Bloomsbury">Montagu House</a>, as a location for the museum, which it bought from the <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Montagu,_1st_Duke_of_Montagu" title="Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu">Montagu family</a> for £20,000. The trustees rejected Buckingham House, which was later converted into the present day <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>, on the grounds of cost and the unsuitability of its location.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the acquisition of Montagu House, the first exhibition galleries and <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">reading room</a> for scholars opened on 15 January 1759.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, the largest parts of collection were the library, which took up the majority of the rooms on the ground floor of Montagu House, and the natural history objects, which took up an entire wing on the second state storey of the building. In 1763, the trustees of the British Museum, under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Collinson_(botanist)" title="Peter Collinson (botanist)">Peter Collinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Watson_(scientist)" title="William Watson (scientist)">William Watson</a>, employed the former student of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Solander" title="Daniel Solander">Daniel Solander</a>, to reclassify the natural history collection according to the <a href="/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnaean system</a>, thereby making the museum a public centre of learning accessible to the full range of European natural historians.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1823, King George IV gave the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Library" title="King's Library">King's Library</a> assembled by George III,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Parliament gave the right to a copy of every book published in the country, thereby ensuring that the museum's library would expand indefinitely. During the few years after its foundation the British Museum received several further gifts, including the <a href="/wiki/Thomason_Collection_of_Civil_War_Tracts" title="Thomason Collection of Civil War Tracts">Thomason Collection of Civil War Tracts</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a>'s library of 1,000 printed plays. The predominance of natural history, books and manuscripts began to lessen when in 1772 the museum acquired for £8,410 its first significant antiquities in <a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(diplomat)" title="William Hamilton (diplomat)">Sir William Hamilton</a>'s "first" collection of <a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Greek vases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoock2010_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoock2010-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indolence_and_energy_(1778–1800)"><span id="Indolence_and_energy_.281778.E2.80.931800.29"></span>Indolence and energy (1778–1800)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indolence and energy (1778–1800)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum,_London_March_3,_1790.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum%2C_London_March_3%2C_1790.jpg/220px-Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum%2C_London_March_3%2C_1790.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum%2C_London_March_3%2C_1790.jpg/330px-Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum%2C_London_March_3%2C_1790.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum%2C_London_March_3%2C_1790.jpg/440px-Entrance_ticket_to_the_British_Museum%2C_London_March_3%2C_1790.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4587" data-file-height="3329" /></a><figcaption>Entrance ticket to the British Museum, London 3 March 1790</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1778, a display of objects from the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">South Seas</a> brought back from the round-the-world voyages of Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> and the travels of other explorers fascinated visitors with a glimpse of previously unknown lands. The bequest of a collection of books, <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">engraved gems</a>, coins, prints and drawings by <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Mordaunt_Cracherode" title="Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode">Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode</a> in 1800 did much to raise the museum's reputation; but Montagu House became increasingly crowded and decrepit and it was apparent that it would be unable to cope with further expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The museum's first notable addition towards its collection of antiquities, since its foundation, was by Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(diplomat)" title="William Hamilton (diplomat)">William Hamilton</a> (1730–1803), British Ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, who sold his collection of Greek and Roman artefacts to the museum in 1784 together with a number of other antiquities and natural history specimens. A list of donations to the museum, dated 31 January 1784, refers to the Hamilton bequest of a "Colossal Foot of an <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> in Marble". It was one of two antiquities of Hamilton's collection drawn for him by Francesco Progenie, a pupil of <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Fabris" title="Pietro Fabris">Pietro Fabris</a>, who also contributed a number of drawings of Mount Vesuvius sent by Hamilton to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_and_change_(1800–1825)"><span id="Growth_and_change_.281800.E2.80.931825.29"></span>Growth and change (1800–1825)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Growth and change (1800–1825)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P8282318.1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/P8282318.1.JPG/220px-P8282318.1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/P8282318.1.JPG/330px-P8282318.1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/P8282318.1.JPG/440px-P8282318.1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>Left to Right: <a href="/wiki/Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury" title="Montagu House, Bloomsbury">Montagu House</a>, Townley Gallery and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Sir Robert Smirke</a>'s west wing under construction, July 1828</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauso03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mauso03.JPG/220px-Mauso03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mauso03.JPG/330px-Mauso03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mauso03.JPG/440px-Mauso03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="698" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus" title="Mausoleum at Halicarnassus">Mausoleum of Halicarnassus</a> Room, 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 19th century the foundations for the extensive collection of sculpture began to be laid and Greek, Roman and Egyptian artefacts dominated the antiquities displays. After the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1799_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars">French campaign</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a>, in 1801, the British Museum acquired more Egyptian sculptures and in 1802 <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">King George III</a> presented the <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a> – key to the deciphering of hieroglyphs.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gifts and purchases from <a href="/wiki/Henry_Salt_(Egyptologist)" title="Henry Salt (Egyptologist)">Henry Salt</a>, British consul general in Egypt, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Younger_Memnon" title="Younger Memnon">Colossal bust of Ramesses II</a> in 1818, laid the foundations of the collection of Egyptian Monumental Sculpture.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Greek sculptures followed, notably the first purpose-built exhibition space, the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Towneley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Towneley">Charles Towneley collection</a>, much of it Roman sculpture, in 1805. In 1806, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bruce,_7th_Earl_of_Elgin" title="Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin">Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin</a>, ambassador to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> from 1799 to 1803 removed the large collection of marble sculptures from the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis</a> in Athens and transferred them to the UK. In 1816 these masterpieces of western art were acquired by the British Museum by Act of Parliament and deposited in the museum thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collections were supplemented by the <a href="/wiki/Bassae" title="Bassae">Bassae</a> frieze from <a href="/wiki/Phigalia" title="Phigalia">Phigaleia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> in 1815. The Ancient Near Eastern collection also had its beginnings in 1825 with the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> antiquities from Mary Mackintosh Rich, the widow of Assyriologist <a href="/wiki/Claudius_James_Rich" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius James Rich">Claudius James Rich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1802 a buildings committee was set up to plan for expansion of the museum, and further highlighted by the donation in 1822 of the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Library" title="King's Library">King's Library</a>, personal library of King George III's, comprising 65,000 volumes, 19,000 <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphlets</a>, maps, charts and <a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">topographical drawings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> architect, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Sir Robert Smirke</a>, was asked to draw up plans for an eastern extension to the museum "... for the reception of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Library,_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Library, Windsor">Royal Library</a>, and a Picture Gallery over it ..."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and put forward plans for today's quadrangular building, much of which can be seen today. The dilapidated Old <a href="/wiki/Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury" title="Montagu House, Bloomsbury">Montagu House</a> was demolished and work on the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Library" title="King's Library">King's Library</a> Gallery began in 1823. The extension, the East Wing, was completed by 1831. However, following the founding of the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery, London">National Gallery</a>, London in 1824,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the proposed Picture Gallery was no longer needed, and the space on the upper floor was given over to the <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">Natural history</a> collections.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Synopsis of the British Museum was published in 1808. This described the contents of the museum, and the display of objects room by room, and updated editions were published every few years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_largest_building_site_in_Europe_(1825–1850)"><span id="The_largest_building_site_in_Europe_.281825.E2.80.931850.29"></span>The largest building site in Europe (1825–1850)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The largest building site in Europe (1825–1850)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-The_Grenville_Library_(1875).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Image-The_Grenville_Library_%281875%29.jpg/220px-Image-The_Grenville_Library_%281875%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Image-The_Grenville_Library_%281875%29.jpg/330px-Image-The_Grenville_Library_%281875%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Image-The_Grenville_Library_%281875%29.jpg/440px-Image-The_Grenville_Library_%281875%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grenville" title="Thomas Grenville">Grenville</a> Library, 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Sir Robert Smirke</a>'s grand <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neo-classical</a> building gradually arose, the museum became a construction site. The <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Library" title="King's Library">King's Library</a>, on the ground floor of the East Wing, was handed over in 1827, and was described as one of the finest rooms in London. Although it was not fully open to the general public until 1857, special openings were arranged during <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Exhibition">The Great Exhibition</a> of 1851. </p><p>In 1840, the museum became involved in its first overseas <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archeology)">excavations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fellows" title="Charles Fellows">Charles Fellows</a>'s expedition to <a href="/wiki/Xanthos" title="Xanthos">Xanthos</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a>, whence came remains of the tombs of the rulers of ancient <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>, among them the <a href="/wiki/Nereid_Monument" title="Nereid Monument">Nereid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Payava" title="Tomb of Payava">Payava</a> monuments. In 1857, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_Newton" title="Charles Thomas Newton">Charles Newton</a> was to discover the 4th-century BC <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Maussollos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mausoleum of Maussollos">Mausoleum of Halikarnassos</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>. In the 1840s and 1850s the museum supported excavations in <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> by <a href="/wiki/Austen_Henry_Layard" title="Austen Henry Layard">A.H. Layard</a> and others at sites such as <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>. Of particular interest to curators was the eventual discovery of <a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a>'s great library of <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform</a> <a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">tablets</a>, which helped to make the museum a focus for <a href="/wiki/Assyriology" title="Assyriology">Assyrian studies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grenville" title="Thomas Grenville">Sir Thomas Grenville</a> (1755–1846), a trustee of the British Museum from 1830, assembled a library of 20,240 volumes, which he left to the museum in his will. The books arrived in January 1847 in twenty-one horse-drawn vans. The only vacant space for this large library was a room originally intended for manuscripts, between the Front Entrance Hall and the Manuscript Saloon. The books remained here until the British Library moved to <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras,_London" title="St Pancras, London">St Pancras</a> in 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collecting_from_the_wider_world_(1850–1875)"><span id="Collecting_from_the_wider_world_.281850.E2.80.931875.29"></span>Collecting from the wider world (1850–1875)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Collecting from the wider world (1850–1875)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The opening of the forecourt in 1852 marked the completion of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Robert Smirke</a>'s 1823 plan, but already adjustments were having to be made to cope with the unforeseen growth of the collections. Infill galleries were constructed for <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> sculptures and <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Smirke" title="Sydney Smirke">Sydney Smirke</a>'s <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Reading_Room" title="British Museum Reading Room">Round Reading Room</a>, with space for a million books, opened in 1857. Because of continued pressure on space the decision was taken to move natural history to a new building in <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>, which would later become the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">British Museum of Natural History</a>. </p><p>Roughly contemporary with the construction of the new building was the career of a man sometimes called the "second founder" of the British Museum, the Italian librarian <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Panizzi" title="Anthony Panizzi">Anthony Panizzi</a>. Under his supervision, the British Museum Library (now part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>) quintupled in size and became a well-organised institution worthy of being called a national library, the largest library in the world after the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Paris">National Library of Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-world_and_its_people_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-world_and_its_people-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Quadrangle_(architecture)" title="Quadrangle (architecture)">quadrangle</a> at the centre of Smirke's design proved to be a waste of valuable space and was filled at Panizzi's request by a circular Reading Room of cast iron, designed by Smirke's brother, Sydney Smirke.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the mid-19th century, the museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Wollaston_Franks" title="Augustus Wollaston Franks">Augustus Wollaston Franks</a> to curate the collections, the museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistory</a>, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a>. A real coup for the museum was the purchase in 1867, over French objections, of the <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Blacas" title="Louis, Duke of Blacas">Duke of Blacas</a>'s wide-ranging and valuable collection of antiquities. Overseas excavations continued and <a href="/wiki/John_Turtle_Wood" title="John Turtle Wood">John Turtle Wood</a> discovered the remains of the 4th century BC <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesos</a>, another <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Wonder of the Ancient World</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarship_and_legacies_(1875–1900)"><span id="Scholarship_and_legacies_.281875.E2.80.931900.29"></span>Scholarship and legacies (1875–1900)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scholarship and legacies (1875–1900)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The natural history collections were an integral part of the British Museum until their removal to the new British Museum of Natural History in 1887, nowadays the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>. With the departure and the completion of the new White Wing (fronting Montague Street) in 1884, more space was available for antiquities and <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a> and the library could further expand. This was a time of innovation as electric lighting was introduced in the Reading Room and exhibition galleries.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</a> collection of <a href="/wiki/Armoury" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoury">armoury</a> was bequeathed to the museum in 1881. In 1882, the museum was involved in the establishment of the independent <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Exploration_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt Exploration Fund">Egypt Exploration Fund</a> (now Society) the first British body to carry out research in Egypt. A bequest from Miss Emma Turner in 1892 financed excavations in Cyprus. In 1897 the death of the great collector and curator, <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Wollaston_Franks" title="Augustus Wollaston Franks">A. W. Franks</a>, was followed by an immense bequest of 3,300 <a href="/wiki/Ring_(finger)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring (finger)">finger rings</a>, 153 drinking vessels, 512 pieces of continental porcelain, 1,500 <a href="/wiki/Netsuke" title="Netsuke">netsuke</a>, 850 <a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">inro</a>, over 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Bookplates" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookplates">bookplates</a> and miscellaneous items of jewellery and plate, among them the <a href="/wiki/Oxus_Treasure" title="Oxus Treasure">Oxus Treasure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1898 <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_James_von_Rothschild" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand James von Rothschild">Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild</a> bequeathed the <a href="/wiki/Waddesdon_Bequest" title="Waddesdon Bequest">Waddesdon Bequest</a>, the glittering contents from his New Smoking Room at <a href="/wiki/Waddesdon_Manor" title="Waddesdon Manor">Waddesdon Manor</a>. This consisted of almost 300 pieces of <i><a href="/wiki/Objets_d%27art" class="mw-redirect" title="Objets d'art">objets d'art</a> et de vertu</i> which included exquisite examples of jewellery, plate, enamel, carvings, glass and <a href="/wiki/Maiolica" title="Maiolica">maiolica</a>, among them the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Thorn_Reliquary" title="Holy Thorn Reliquary">Holy Thorn Reliquary</a>, probably created in the 1390s in Paris for <a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">John, Duke of Berry</a>. The collection was in the tradition of a <i><a href="/wiki/Schatzkammer" title="Schatzkammer">Schatzkammer</a></i> such as those formed by the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> princes of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-rothschild_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rothschild-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baron Ferdinand's will was most specific, and failure to observe the terms would make it void, the collection should be </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>placed in a special room to be called the Waddesdon Bequest Room separate and apart from the other contents of the Museum and thenceforth for ever thereafter, keep the same in such room or in some other room to be substituted for it.<sup id="cite_ref-rothschild_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rothschild-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> These terms are still observed, and the collection occupies room 2a. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_century,_new_building_(1900–1925)"><span id="New_century.2C_new_building_.281900.E2.80.931925.29"></span>New century, new building (1900–1925)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New century, new building (1900–1925)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Archive_King_Edward_VII%27s_Galleries_~_North_Wing_(1914).2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Archive_King_Edward_VII%27s_Galleries_~_North_Wing_%281914%29.2.jpg/220px-England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Archive_King_Edward_VII%27s_Galleries_~_North_Wing_%281914%29.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Archive_King_Edward_VII%27s_Galleries_~_North_Wing_%281914%29.2.jpg/330px-England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Archive_King_Edward_VII%27s_Galleries_~_North_Wing_%281914%29.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Archive_King_Edward_VII%27s_Galleries_~_North_Wing_%281914%29.2.jpg/440px-England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Archive_King_Edward_VII%27s_Galleries_~_North_Wing_%281914%29.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Opening of The North Wing, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">King Edward VII's</a> Galleries, 1914</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg/220px-Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg/330px-Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg/440px-Woolley_holding_the_hardened_plaster_mold_of_a_lyre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolley" title="Leonard Woolley">Leonard Woolley</a> holding the excavated <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Lyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Lyre">Queen's Lyre</a>, 1922</figcaption></figure> <p>By the last years of the 19th century, The British Museum's collections had increased to the extent that its building was no longer large enough. In 1895 the trustees purchased the 69 houses surrounding the museum with the intention of demolishing them and building around the west, north and east sides of the museum. The first stage was the construction of the northern wing beginning 1906. </p><p>All the while, the collections kept growing. <a href="/wiki/Emil_Torday" title="Emil Torday">Emil Torday</a> collected in Central Africa, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Aurel_Stein" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc Aurel Stein">Aurel Stein</a> in Central Asia, <a href="/wiki/David_George_Hogarth" title="David George Hogarth">D. G. Hogarth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolley" title="Leonard Woolley">Leonard Woolley</a> and <a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a> excavated at <a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a>. Around this time, the American collector and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/J._Pierpont_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Pierpont Morgan">J. Pierpont Morgan</a> donated a substantial number of objects to the museum,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/William_Greenwell" title="William Greenwell">William Greenwell</a>'s collection of prehistoric artefacts from across Europe which he had purchased for £10,000 in 1908. Morgan had also acquired a major part of Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Evans_(archaeologist)" title="John Evans (archaeologist)">John Evans</a>'s coin collection, which was later sold to the museum by his son <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan_Jr." title="J. P. Morgan Jr.">J. P. Morgan Jr.</a> in 1915. In 1918, because of the threat of wartime bombing, some objects were evacuated via the <a href="/wiki/London_Post_Office_Railway" title="London Post Office Railway">London Post Office Railway</a> to Holborn, the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth)</a> and a country house near <a href="/wiki/Malvern,_Worcestershire" title="Malvern, Worcestershire">Malvern</a>. On the return of antiquities from wartime storage in 1919 some objects were found to have deteriorated. A conservation laboratory was set up in May 1920 and became a permanent department in 1931. It is today the oldest in continuous existence.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1923, the British Museum welcomed over one million visitors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disruption_and_reconstruction_(1925–1950)"><span id="Disruption_and_reconstruction_.281925.E2.80.931950.29"></span>Disruption and reconstruction (1925–1950)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Disruption and reconstruction (1925–1950)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New <a href="/wiki/Mezzanine" title="Mezzanine">mezzanine</a> floors were constructed and book stacks rebuilt in an attempt to cope with the flood of books. In 1931, the art dealer <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duveen,_1st_Baron_Duveen_of_Millbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Duveen, 1st Baron Duveen of Millbank">Sir Joseph Duveen</a> offered funds to build a gallery for the <a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Parthenon sculptures</a>. Designed by the American architect <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Pope" title="John Russell Pope">John Russell Pope</a>, it was completed in 1938. The appearance of the exhibition galleries began to change as dark Victorian reds gave way to modern pastel shades.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the retirement of George Francis Hill as Director and Principal Librarian in 1936, he was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/John_Forsdyke" title="John Forsdyke">John Forsdyke</a>. </p><p>As tensions with Nazi Germany developed and it appeared that war may be imminent Forsdyke came to the view that with the likelihood of far worse air-raids than that experienced in World War I that the museum had to make preparations to remove its most valuable items to secure locations. Following the Munich crisis Forsdyke ordered 3,300 No-Nail Boxes and stored them in the basement of Duveen Gallery. At the same time he began identifying and securing suitable locations. As a result, the museum was able to quickly commence relocating selected items on 24 August 1939, (a mere day after the Home Secretary advised them to do so), to secure basements, <a href="/wiki/English_country_house" title="English country house">country houses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldwych_tube_station" title="Aldwych tube station">Aldwych Underground station</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">National Library of Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shenton_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shenton-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many items were relocated in early 1942 from their initial dispersal locations to a newly developed facility at <a href="/wiki/Westwood_Quarry" title="Westwood Quarry">Westwood Quarry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shenton_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shenton-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evacuation was timely, for in 1940 the Duveen Gallery was severely damaged by bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, prior to the war, the Nazis had sent a researcher to the British Museum for several years with the aim of "compiling an anti-Semitic history of Anglo-Jewry".<sup id="cite_ref-germanlibrariesaronsfeld_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-germanlibrariesaronsfeld-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, the museum continued to collect from all countries and all centuries: among the most spectacular additions were the 2600 BC <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> treasure from <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a>, discovered during <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolley" title="Leonard Woolley">Leonard Woolley</a>'s 1922–34 excavations. Gold, silver and <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnet</a> grave goods from the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> ship burial at <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo">Sutton Hoo</a> (1939) and late Roman silver tableware from <a href="/wiki/Mildenhall_Treasure" title="Mildenhall Treasure">Mildenhall</a>, Suffolk (1946). The immediate <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> years were taken up with the return of the collections from protection and the restoration of the museum after the <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">Blitz</a>. Work also began on restoring the damaged Duveen Gallery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_new_public_face_(1950–1975)"><span id="A_new_public_face_.281950.E2.80.931975.29"></span>A new public face (1950–1975)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: A new public face (1950–1975)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Duveen_Gallery_(1980s).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_Duveen_Gallery_%281980s%29.jpg/220px-The_Duveen_Gallery_%281980s%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_Duveen_Gallery_%281980s%29.jpg/330px-The_Duveen_Gallery_%281980s%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_Duveen_Gallery_%281980s%29.jpg/440px-The_Duveen_Gallery_%281980s%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2132" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>The re-opened <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duveen,_1st_Baron_Duveen" title="Joseph Duveen, 1st Baron Duveen">Duveen</a> Gallery, 1980</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1953, the museum celebrated its <a href="/wiki/200_(number)" title="200 (number)">bicentenary</a>. Many changes followed: the first full-time in-house designer and publications officer were appointed in 1964, the <a href="/wiki/The_British_Museum_Friends" title="The British Museum Friends">Friends</a> organisation was set up in 1968, an Education Service established in 1970 and publishing house in 1973. In 1963, a new Act of Parliament introduced administrative reforms. It became easier to lend objects, the constitution of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_trustees" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of trustees">board of trustees</a> changed and the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a> became fully independent. By 1959 the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Coins_and_Medals" title="British Museum Department of Coins and Medals">Coins and Medals</a> office suite, completely destroyed during the war, was rebuilt and re-opened, attention turned towards the gallery work with new tastes in design leading to the remodelling of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Robert Smirke's</a> Classical and Near Eastern galleries.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962 the Duveen Gallery was finally restored and the Parthenon Sculptures were moved back into it, once again at the heart of the museum.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1970s, the museum was again expanding. More services for the public were introduced; visitor numbers soared, with the temporary exhibition "Treasures of <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>" in 1972, attracting 1,694,117 visitors, the most successful in British history. In the same year the Act of Parliament establishing the British Library was passed, separating the collection of manuscripts and printed books from the British Museum. This left the museum with antiquities; coins, medals and paper money; prints and drawings; and <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a>. A pressing problem was finding space for additions to the library which now required an extra <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> miles (2.0 km) of shelving each year. The Government suggested a site at <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras,_London" title="St Pancras, London">St Pancras</a> for the new British Library but the books did not leave the museum until 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Court_emerges_(1975–2000)"><span id="The_Great_Court_emerges_.281975.E2.80.932000.29"></span>The Great Court emerges (1975–2000)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Great Court emerges (1975–2000)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The departure of the British Library to a new site at St Pancras, finally achieved in 1998, provided the space needed for the books. It also created the opportunity to redevelop the vacant space in <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Robert Smirke's</a> 19th-century central quadrangle into the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Great_Court" title="Queen Elizabeth II Great Court">Queen Elizabeth II Great Court</a> – the largest covered square in Europe – which opened in 2000. The ethnography collections, which had been housed in the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Mankind" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Mankind">Museum of Mankind</a> at <a href="/wiki/6_Burlington_Gardens" title="6 Burlington Gardens">6 Burlington Gardens</a> from 1970, were returned to new purpose-built galleries in the museum in 2000. </p><p>The museum again readjusted its collecting policies as interest in "modern" objects: prints, drawings, medals and the decorative arts reawakened. Ethnographical fieldwork was carried out in places as diverse as <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and there were excavations in the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>, Egypt, Sudan and the UK. The <a href="/wiki/Weston_family" title="Weston family">Weston</a> Gallery of Roman Britain, opened in 1997, displayed a number of recently discovered <a href="/wiki/Hoard" title="Hoard">hoards</a> which demonstrated the richness of what had been considered an unimportant part of the Roman Empire. The museum turned increasingly towards private funds for buildings, acquisitions and other purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, the British Museum was awarded National Heritage <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Year" title="Museum of the Year">Museum of the Year</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_British_Museum_today">The British Museum today</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The British Museum today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Museum_today.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_British_Museum_today.jpg/350px-The_British_Museum_today.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_British_Museum_today.jpg/525px-The_British_Museum_today.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_British_Museum_today.jpg/700px-The_British_Museum_today.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2299" /></a><figcaption>Wide view of the Great Court</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Great_Court,_London,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/British_Museum_Great_Court%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/260px-British_Museum_Great_Court%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/British_Museum_Great_Court%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/390px-British_Museum_Great_Court%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/British_Museum_Great_Court%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/520px-British_Museum_Great_Court%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3806" data-file-height="3736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Great_Court" title="Queen Elizabeth II Great Court">Great Court</a> was developed in 2001 and surrounds the original <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Reading_Room" title="British Museum Reading Room">Reading Room</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Today the museum no longer houses collections of <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a>, and the books and manuscripts it once held now form part of the independent <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. The museum nevertheless preserves its universality in its collections of artefacts representing the cultures of the world, ancient and modern. The original 1753 collection has grown to over 13 million objects at the British Museum, 70 million at the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a> and 150 million at the British Library. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Reading_Room" title="British Museum Reading Room">Round Reading Room</a>, which was designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Smirke" title="Sydney Smirke">Sydney Smirke</a>, opened in 1857. For almost 150 years researchers came here to consult the museum's vast library. The Reading Room closed in 1997 when the national library (the British Library) moved to a new building at <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras,_London" title="St Pancras, London">St Pancras</a>. Today it has been transformed into the Walter and Leonore <a href="/wiki/Annenberg_Foundation" title="Annenberg Foundation">Annenberg</a> Centre. </p><p>With the bookstacks in the central courtyard of the museum empty, the demolition for <a href="/wiki/Lord_Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Foster">Lord Foster</a>'s glass-roofed <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Great_Court" title="Queen Elizabeth II Great Court">Great Court</a> could begin. The Great Court, opened in 2000, while undoubtedly improving circulation around the museum, was criticised for having a lack of exhibition space at a time when the museum was in serious financial difficulties and many galleries were closed to the public. At the same time the African collections that had been temporarily housed in 6 Burlington Gardens were given a new gallery in the North Wing funded by the <a href="/wiki/David_Sainsbury,_Baron_Sainsbury_of_Turville" title="David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville">Sainsbury</a> family – with the donation valued at £25 million.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The museum's <a href="/wiki/Online_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Online database">online database</a> had nearly 4,500,000 individual object entries in 2,000,000 records at the start of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022–23 there were 27 million visits to the website.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This compares with 19.5 millions website visits in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_museum#_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_museum#-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were 5,820,860 visits to the museum in 2023, a 42% increase on 2022. The museum was the most visited tourist attraction in Britain in 2023. The number of visits, however, has not recovered to the level reached before the Covid pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_at_the_British_Museum" title="List of films shot at the British Museum">films have been shot at the British Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Director">Director</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British Museum is a <a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">non-departmental public body</a> sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a> through a three-year funding agreement. Its head is the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_British_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of the British Museum">Director of the British Museum</a>. The British Museum was run from its inception by a 'principal librarian' (when the book collections were still part of the museum), a role that was renamed 'director and principal librarian' in 1898, and 'director' in 1973 (on the separation of the British Library).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trustees">Trustees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Trustees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A board of <a href="/wiki/List_of_trustees_of_the_British_Museum" title="List of trustees of the British Museum">25 trustees</a> (with the director as their <a href="/wiki/Chief_accounting_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief accounting officer">accounting officer</a> for the purposes of reporting to Government) is responsible for the general management and control of the museum, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Act" title="British Museum Act">British Museum Act</a> 1963 and the <a href="/wiki/Museums_and_Galleries_Act_1992" title="Museums and Galleries Act 1992">Museums and Galleries Act 1992</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the 1963 Act, it was chaired by the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a>. The board was formed on the museum's inception to <a href="/wiki/Trust_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust law">hold its collections in trust</a> for the nation without actually owning them themselves, and now fulfil a mainly advisory role. <a href="/wiki/Trustee" title="Trustee">Trustee</a> appointments are governed by the regulatory framework set out in the code of practice on public appointments issued by the Office of the Commissioner for Public Appointments.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building">Building</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_from_NE_2_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/British_Museum_from_NE_2_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-British_Museum_from_NE_2_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/British_Museum_from_NE_2_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-British_Museum_from_NE_2_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/British_Museum_from_NE_2_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-British_Museum_from_NE_2_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1593" /></a><figcaption>The museum's main entrance</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a> façade facing Great Russell Street is a characteristic building of Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Robert Smirke</a>, with 44 columns in the <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic order</a> 45 ft (14 m) high, closely based on those of the temple of <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena Polias</a> at <a href="/wiki/Priene" title="Priene">Priene</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediment</a> over the main entrance is decorated by sculptures by Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Westmacott" title="Richard Westmacott">Richard Westmacott</a> depicting <i>The Progress of Civilisation</i>, consisting of fifteen <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> figures, installed in 1852. </p><p>The construction commenced around the courtyard with the East Wing (<a href="/wiki/King%27s_Library" title="King's Library">The King's Library</a>) in 1823–1828, followed by the North Wing in 1833–1838, which originally housed among other galleries a reading room, now the Wellcome Gallery. Work was also progressing on the northern half of the West Wing (The Egyptian Sculpture Gallery) 1826–1831, with <a href="/wiki/Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury" title="Montagu House, Bloomsbury">Montagu House</a> demolished in 1842 to make room for the final part of the West Wing, completed in 1846, and the South Wing with its great colonnade, initiated in 1843 and completed in 1847, when the Front Hall and Great Staircase were opened to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum is faced with <a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a>, but the perimeter walls and other parts of the building were built using <a href="/wiki/Haytor" title="Haytor">Haytor</a> granite from Dartmoor in South Devon, transported via the unique <a href="/wiki/Haytor_Granite_Tramway" title="Haytor Granite Tramway">Haytor Granite Tramway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_%27MF%27_RM1_-_The_King%27s_Library,_Enlightenment_1_%27Discovering_the_world_in_the_18th_Century_~_View_South.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/BM%3B_%27MF%27_RM1_-_The_King%27s_Library%2C_Enlightenment_1_%27Discovering_the_world_in_the_18th_Century_~_View_South.jpg/220px-BM%3B_%27MF%27_RM1_-_The_King%27s_Library%2C_Enlightenment_1_%27Discovering_the_world_in_the_18th_Century_~_View_South.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/BM%3B_%27MF%27_RM1_-_The_King%27s_Library%2C_Enlightenment_1_%27Discovering_the_world_in_the_18th_Century_~_View_South.jpg/330px-BM%3B_%27MF%27_RM1_-_The_King%27s_Library%2C_Enlightenment_1_%27Discovering_the_world_in_the_18th_Century_~_View_South.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/BM%3B_%27MF%27_RM1_-_The_King%27s_Library%2C_Enlightenment_1_%27Discovering_the_world_in_the_18th_Century_~_View_South.jpg/440px-BM%3B_%27MF%27_RM1_-_The_King%27s_Library%2C_Enlightenment_1_%27Discovering_the_world_in_the_18th_Century_~_View_South.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>The Enlightenment Gallery at museum, which formerly held the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Library" title="King's Library">King's Library</a>, 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_Archives_-_Impression_of_the_proposed_extension.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BM%3B_Archives_-_Impression_of_the_proposed_extension.jpg/220px-BM%3B_Archives_-_Impression_of_the_proposed_extension.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BM%3B_Archives_-_Impression_of_the_proposed_extension.jpg/330px-BM%3B_Archives_-_Impression_of_the_proposed_extension.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BM%3B_Archives_-_Impression_of_the_proposed_extension.jpg/440px-BM%3B_Archives_-_Impression_of_the_proposed_extension.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Proposed British Museum Extension, 1906</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BM_WCEC_July_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BM_WCEC_July_2015.JPG/220px-BM_WCEC_July_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BM_WCEC_July_2015.JPG/330px-BM_WCEC_July_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BM_WCEC_July_2015.JPG/440px-BM_WCEC_July_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>External view of the World Conservation and Exhibition Centre at the museum, 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the museum's architect by his brother <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Smirke" title="Sydney Smirke">Sydney Smirke</a>, whose major addition was the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Reading_Room" title="British Museum Reading Room">Round Reading Room</a> 1854–1857; at 140 feet (43 m) in diameter it was then the second widest <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a> in Rome being slightly wider. </p><p>The next major addition was the White Wing 1882–1884 added behind the eastern end of the South Front, the architect being Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(architect)" title="John Taylor (architect)">John Taylor</a>. </p><p>In 1895, Parliament gave the museum trustees a loan of £200,000 to purchase from the Duke of Bedford all 69 houses which backed onto the museum building in the five surrounding streets – Great Russell Street, Montague Street, Montague Place, Bedford Square and Bloomsbury Street.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trustees planned to demolish these houses and to build around the west, north and east sides of the museum new galleries that would completely fill the block on which the museum stands. The architect Sir <a href="/wiki/John_James_Burnet" title="John James Burnet">John James Burnet</a> was petitioned to put forward ambitious long-term plans to extend the building on all three sides. Most of the houses in Montague Place were knocked down a few years after the sale. Of this grand plan only the Edward VII galleries in the centre of the North Front were ever constructed, these were built 1906–14 to the design by J.J. Burnet, and opened by <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">King George V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a> in 1914. They now house the museum's collections of Prints and Drawings and Oriental Antiquities. There was not enough money to put up more new buildings, and so the houses in the other streets are nearly all still standing. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duveen,_1st_Baron_Duveen_of_Millbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Duveen, 1st Baron Duveen of Millbank">Duveen</a> Gallery, sited to the west of the Egyptian, Greek & Assyrian sculpture galleries, was designed to house the Elgin Marbles by the American <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> architect <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Pope" title="John Russell Pope">John Russell Pope</a>. Although completed in 1938, it was hit by a bomb in 1940 and remained semi-derelict for 22 years, before reopening in 1962. Other areas damaged during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> bombing included: in September 1940 two unexploded bombs hit the Edward VII galleries, the King's Library received a direct hit from a high explosive bomb, incendiaries fell on the dome of the Round Reading Room but did little damage; on the night of 10 to 11 May 1941 several incendiaries fell on the south-west corner of the museum, destroying the book stack and 150,000 books in the courtyard and the galleries around the top of the Great Staircase – this damage was not fully repaired until the early 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Great_Court_roof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/British_Museum_Great_Court_roof.jpg/170px-British_Museum_Great_Court_roof.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/British_Museum_Great_Court_roof.jpg/255px-British_Museum_Great_Court_roof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/British_Museum_Great_Court_roof.jpg/340px-British_Museum_Great_Court_roof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="1557" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Reading_Room" title="British Museum Reading Room">Reading Room</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Great_Court" title="Queen Elizabeth II Great Court">Great Court</a> roof, 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> Great Court is a covered square at the centre of the British Museum designed by the engineers <a href="/wiki/Buro_Happold" title="Buro Happold">Buro Happold</a> and the architects <a href="/wiki/Foster_and_Partners" title="Foster and Partners">Foster and Partners</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Great Court opened in December 2000 and is the largest covered square in Europe. The roof is a glass and steel construction, built by an Austrian steelwork company,<sup id="cite_ref-test_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 1,656 uniquely shaped panes of glass. At the centre of the Great Court is the Reading Room vacated by the British Library, its functions now moved to St Pancras. </p><p>Today, the British Museum has grown to become one of the largest museums in the world, covering an area of over 92,000 m<sup>2</sup> (990,000 sq. ft).<sup id="cite_ref-britishmuseum.org_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britishmuseum.org-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (April 2016)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to 21,600 m<sup>2</sup> (232,000 sq. ft)<sup id="cite_ref-museumsassociation.org_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museumsassociation.org-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of on-site storage space, and 9,400 m<sup>2</sup> (101,000 sq. ft)<sup id="cite_ref-museumsassociation.org_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museumsassociation.org-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of external storage space. Altogether, the British Museum showcases on public display less than 1%<sup id="cite_ref-museumsassociation.org_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museumsassociation.org-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of its entire collection, approximately 50,000 items.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are nearly one hundred galleries open to the public, representing 2 miles (3.2 km) of exhibition space, although the less popular ones have restricted opening times. However, the lack of a large temporary exhibition space led to the £135 million World Conservation and Exhibitions Centre to provide one and to concentrate all the museum's conservation facilities into one centre. This project was announced in July 2007, with the architects <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Rogers Stirk Harbour and Partners</a>. It was granted planning permission in December 2009 and was completed in time for the Viking exhibition in March 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the World Conservation and Exhibitions Centre was shortlisted for the <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Prize" title="Stirling Prize">Stirling Prize</a> for excellence in architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Blythe_House" title="Blythe House">Blythe House</a> in West Kensington is used by the museum for off-site storage of small and medium-sized artefacts, and Franks House in East London is used for storage and work on the "Early Prehistory" – <a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic">Palaeolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> – and some other collections.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Departments">Departments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Egypt_and_Sudan">Department of Egypt and Sudan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Department of Egypt and Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TombofNebamun-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/TombofNebamun-2.jpg/180px-TombofNebamun-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/TombofNebamun-2.jpg/270px-TombofNebamun-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/TombofNebamun-2.jpg/360px-TombofNebamun-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1962" data-file-height="1828" /></a><figcaption>Room 61 – The famous false fresco 'Pond in a Garden' from the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nebamun" title="Tomb of Nebamun">Tomb of Nebamun</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1350 BC</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosetta_Stone.JPG/180px-Rosetta_Stone.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosetta_Stone.JPG/270px-Rosetta_Stone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosetta_Stone.JPG/360px-Rosetta_Stone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3665" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Room 4 – The <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a>, key to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, 196 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The British Museum houses the world's largest<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and most comprehensive collection of <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Ancient_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Ancient Egypt">Egyptian antiquities</a> (with over 100,000<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pieces) outside the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Museum" title="Egyptian Museum">Egyptian Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. A collection of immense importance for its range and quality, it includes objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sudan" title="History of Sudan">Sudan</a>. Together, they illustrate every aspect of the cultures of the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile Valley</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>), from the <a href="/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Predynastic Egypt">Predynastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">BC</a></span>) through <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic (Christian)</a> times (12th century <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>), and up to the present day, a time-span over 11,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Ancient_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Ancient Egypt">Egyptian antiquities</a> have formed part of the British Museum collection ever since its foundation in 1753 after receiving 160 Egyptian objects<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Sir <a href="/wiki/Hans_Sloane" title="Hans Sloane">Hans Sloane</a>. After the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1799_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars">French</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a> in 1801, the Egyptian antiquities collected were confiscated by the <a href="/wiki/British_army" class="mw-redirect" title="British army">British army</a> and presented to the British Museum in 1803. These works, which included the famed <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a>, were the first important group of large sculptures to be acquired by the museum. Thereafter, the UK appointed <a href="/wiki/Henry_Salt_(Egyptologist)" title="Henry Salt (Egyptologist)">Henry Salt</a> as <a href="/wiki/Consul_general" class="mw-redirect" title="Consul general">consul</a> in Egypt who amassed a huge collection of antiquities, some of which were assembled and transported with great ingenuity by the famous Italian explorer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Belzoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Battista Belzoni">Giovanni Belzoni</a>. Most of the antiquities Salt collected were purchased by the British Museum and the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée du Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a>. </p><p>By 1866 the collection consisted of some 10,000 objects. Antiquities from excavations started to come to the museum in the latter part of the 19th century as a result of the work of the <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Exploration_Society" title="Egypt Exploration Society">Egypt Exploration Fund</a> under the efforts of <a href="/wiki/E._A._Wallis_Budge" title="E. A. Wallis Budge">E.A. Wallis Budge</a>. Over the years more than 11,000 objects came from this source, including pieces from <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bubastis" title="Bubastis">Bubastis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Bahari" title="Deir el-Bahari">Deir el-Bahari</a>. Other organisations and individuals also excavated and donated objects to the British Museum, including <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a>'s Egypt Research Account and the British School of Archaeology in Egypt, as well as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> Expedition to <a href="/wiki/Kawa_(Sudan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawa (Sudan)">Kawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faras" title="Faras">Faras</a> in Sudan. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Egypt_Egyptian_Sculpture_~_Colossal_granite_head_of_Amenhotep_III_(Room_4).2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Egypt_Egyptian_Sculpture_~_Colossal_granite_head_of_Amenhotep_III_%28Room_4%29.2.JPG/170px-England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Egypt_Egyptian_Sculpture_~_Colossal_granite_head_of_Amenhotep_III_%28Room_4%29.2.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Egypt_Egyptian_Sculpture_~_Colossal_granite_head_of_Amenhotep_III_%28Room_4%29.2.JPG/255px-England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Egypt_Egyptian_Sculpture_~_Colossal_granite_head_of_Amenhotep_III_%28Room_4%29.2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Egypt_Egyptian_Sculpture_~_Colossal_granite_head_of_Amenhotep_III_%28Room_4%29.2.JPG/340px-England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Egypt_Egyptian_Sculpture_~_Colossal_granite_head_of_Amenhotep_III_%28Room_4%29.2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Room 4 – <a href="/wiki/Colossal_red_granite_statue_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Colossal red granite statue of Amenhotep III">Colossal red granite statue of Amenhotep III</a>, 1350 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>Active support by the museum for excavations in Egypt continued to result in important acquisitions throughout the 20th century until changes in antiquities laws in Egypt led to the suspension of policies allowing finds to be exported, although divisions still continue in Sudan. The British Museum conducted its own excavations in Egypt where it received divisions of finds, including <a href="/wiki/Asyut" title="Asyut">Asyut</a> (1907), <a href="/wiki/El-Badari" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Badari">Mostagedda</a> and <a href="/wiki/El-Badari" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Badari">Matmar</a> (1920s), <a href="/wiki/Ashmunein" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashmunein">Ashmunein</a> (1980s) and sites in Sudan such as <a href="/wiki/Soba_(city)" title="Soba (city)">Soba</a>, Kawa and the Northern <a href="/wiki/Dongola_Reach" title="Dongola Reach">Dongola Reach</a> (1990s). The size of the Egyptian collections now stand at over 110,000 objects.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In autumn 2001 the eight million objects forming the museum's permanent collection were further expanded by the addition of six million objects from the Wendorf Collection of <a href="/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Predynastic Egypt">Egyptian</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sudan" title="History of Sudan">Sudanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were donated by Professor <a href="/wiki/Fred_Wendorf" title="Fred Wendorf">Fred Wendorf</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Methodist_University" title="Southern Methodist University">Southern Methodist University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and comprise the entire collection of artefacts and environmental remains from his excavations at Prehistoric sites in the <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Desert">Sahara Desert</a> between 1963 and 1997. Other fieldwork collections have recently come from Dietrich and Rosemarie Klemm (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Munich">University of Munich</a>) and William Adams (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a>). </p><p>The seven permanent Egyptian galleries at the British Museum, which include its largest exhibition space (Room 4, for monumental sculpture), can display only 4% of its Egyptian holdings. The second-floor galleries have a selection of the museum's collection of 140 <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummies</a> and coffins, the largest outside <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Museum" title="Egyptian Museum">Cairo</a>. A high proportion of the collection comes from tombs or contexts associated with the cult of the dead, and it is these pieces, in particular the mummies, that remain among the most eagerly sought-after exhibits by visitors to the museum. </p><p>Highlights of the collections include: </p><p><b>Predynastic and Early Dynastic period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 6000 BC</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2690 BC</span>)</b> </p> <ul><li>Mummy of <a href="/wiki/Gebelein_predynastic_mummies" title="Gebelein predynastic mummies">Ginger</a> and five other individuals from Gebelein (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3400 BC</span>)</li> <li>Flint knife with an ivory handle (known as the <i>Pit-Rivers Knife</i>), Sheikh Hamada, Egypt (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3100 BC</span>)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Palette" title="Battlefield Palette">Battlefield Palette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunters_Palette" title="Hunters Palette">Hunters Palette</a>, two cosmetic palettes with complex decorative schemes (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3100 BC</span>)</li> <li>Ivory statuette of a king, from the early temple at <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a>, Egypt (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3000 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">King Den</a>'s <a href="/wiki/MacGregor_plaque" title="MacGregor plaque">sandal label</a> from Abydos, mid-1st Dynasty (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2985 BC</span>)</li> <li>Stela of King <a href="/wiki/Peribsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Peribsen">Peribsen</a>, Abydos (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2720–2710 BC</span>)</li></ul> <p><b>Old Kingdom (2690–2181 BC)</b> </p> <ul><li>Artefacts from the tomb of King <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a> from the 2nd Dynasty (2690 BC)</li> <li>Granite statue of Ankhwa, the shipbuilder, <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a>, Egypt, 3rd Dynasty (c. 2650 BC)</li> <li>Several of the original casing stones from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid of Giza</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a> (c. 2570 BC)</li> <li>Statue of Nenkheftka from Deshasha, 4th Dynasty (2500 BC)</li> <li>Limestone false door of <a href="/wiki/Ptahshepses" title="Ptahshepses">Ptahshepses</a>, Saqqara (2440 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abusir_Papyri" title="Abusir Papyri">Abusir Papyri</a>, some of the oldest papyri from ancient Egypt, Abusir (2400 BC)</li> <li>Wooden tomb statue of Tjeti, 5th to 6th Dynasty (c. 2345–2181 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)</b> </p> <ul><li>Inner and outer coffin of Sebekhetepi, <a href="/wiki/Beni_Hasan" title="Beni Hasan">Beni Hasan</a> (c. 2125–1795 BC)</li> <li>Quartzite statue of Ankhrekhu, 12th Dynasty (1985–1795 BC)</li> <li>Limestone stela of Heqaib, <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a>, Egypt, 12th Dynasty (1990–1750 BC)</li> <li>Block statue and stela of Sahathor, 12th Dynasty, reign of <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a> (1922–1878 BC)</li> <li>Limestone statue and stelae from the offering chapel of Inyotef, <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a>, 12th Dynasty (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920 BC</span>)</li> <li>Stela of Samontu, Abydos (1910 BC)</li> <li>Reliefs from the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Djehutyhotep_(chief_of_Teh-khet)" title="Djehutyhotep (chief of Teh-khet)">Djehutyhotep</a>, Deir-el-Bersha (1878–1855 BC)</li> <li>Three Granite statues of <a href="/wiki/Senwosret_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Senwosret III">Senwosret III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Bahri" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir el-Bahri">Deir el-Bahri</a> (1850 BC)</li> <li>Statue of Rehuankh, Abydos (1850–1830 BC)</li> <li>Colossal head of <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a>, Bubastis (1800 BC)</li> <li>Stela of Nebipusenwosret, Abydos (1800 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Second Intermediate Period</b> (1650–1550 BC) </p> <ul><li>Coffin of King <a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre Intef</a>, Thebes (1570 BC)</li> <li>The famous <a href="/wiki/Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus" title="Rhind Mathematical Papyrus">Rhind Mathematical Papyrus</a>, an early example of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_mathematics" title="Ancient Egyptian mathematics">Ancient Egyptian mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> (1550 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)</b> </p> <ul><li>Schist head of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a> or her successor <a href="/wiki/Tuthmosis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuthmosis III">Tuthmosis III</a> (1480 BC)</li> <li>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Senenmut" title="Senenmut">Senenmut</a> with Princess <a href="/wiki/Neferure" title="Neferure">Neferure</a> on his lap, <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a> (1470 BC)</li> <li>Block statue of <a href="/wiki/Sennefer" title="Sennefer">Sennefer</a>, Western Thebes (1430 BC)</li> <li>Twenty <a href="/wiki/Sekhmet_statues" title="Sekhmet statues">Sekhmet statues</a> from the Temple of Mut, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> (1400 BC)</li> <li>Fragment of the beard of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx of Giza</a> (14th century BC)</li> <li>Pair of granite <a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Lions" title="Prudhoe Lions">monumental lion</a> statues from <a href="/wiki/Soleb" title="Soleb">Soleb</a> in Sudan, (1370 BC)</li> <li>Hoard of silver bullion from <a href="/wiki/El-Amarna" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Amarna">El-Amarna</a> (1352–1336 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossal_quartzite_statue_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III">Colossal head from a statue</a> of Amenhotep III (1350 BC)</li> <li>Colossal limestone bust of <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a> (1350 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarna_letters" title="Amarna letters">Amarna Tablets</a>, 99 out of 382 <a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">tablets</a> found, second largest collection in the world after the Vorderasiatisches Museum, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (203 tablets) (1350 BC)</li> <li>Stela of <a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a> from his tomb at <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> (1330 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Medical_Papyrus" title="London Medical Papyrus">London Medical Papyrus</a> with 61 medical and magical treatments (1300 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_of_Ani" title="Papyrus of Ani">Papyrus of Ani</a>, one of the finest extant <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a> from antiquity, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> (1275 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of the kings</a> of Egypt from the <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Temple of Ramesses II</a> (1250 BC)</li> <li>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Khaemwaset" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaemwaset">Khaemwaset</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Ramses_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramses II">Ramses II</a>, Abydos (1250 BC)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Harris_I" title="Papyrus Harris I">Great Harris Papyrus</a>, the longest surviving papyrus from antiquity, Thebes (1200 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tale_of_Two_Brothers" title="Tale of Two Brothers">D'Orbiney Papyrus</a> with the Tale of Two Brothers (1200–1194 BC)</li> <li>Seated statue of <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a>, Temple of Mut, <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a> (1200–1194 BC)</li> <li>Face from the sarcophagus of <a href="/wiki/Ramses_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramses VI">Ramses VI</a>, Valley of the Kings (1140 BC)</li> <li>Book of the Dead of <a href="/wiki/Nodjmet" title="Nodjmet">Nedjmet</a> with painted offering-vignettes and columns of <a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic">Hieroglyphic</a> text, Deir el-Bahari (1070 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_papyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenfield papyrus">Greenfield papyrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">funerary papyrus</a> of Princess <a href="/wiki/Nesitanebetashru" title="Nesitanebetashru">Nesitanebetashru</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_II" title="Pinedjem II">Pinudjem II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neskhons" title="Neskhons">Neskhons</a>, and priestess of Amen-Ra at Thebes (950–930 BC)</li> <li>Pair of gold bracelets that belonged to General <a href="/wiki/Nimlot_B" title="Nimlot B">Nemareth</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sais,_Egypt" title="Sais, Egypt">Sais</a> (940 BC)</li> <li>Colossal column capital of <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bubastis" title="Bubastis">Bubastis</a>, 22nd Dynasty (922–887 BC)</li> <li>Statue of the Nile god <a href="/wiki/Hapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hapy">Hapy</a>, Karnak (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 900 BC</span>)</li> <li>Mummy case and coffin of Nesperennub, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka_Stone" title="Shabaka Stone">Shabaka Stone</a> from Memphis, Egypt, 25th Dynasty (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 700 BC</span>)</li> <li>Coffin of king <a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a>, Giza (700–600 BC)</li> <li>One of the three <a href="/wiki/Statues_of_Amun_in_the_form_of_a_ram_protecting_King_Taharqa" title="Statues of Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa">statues of Amun</a> in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqo, <a href="/wiki/Kawa,_Sudan" title="Kawa, Sudan">Kawa</a> (683 BC)</li> <li>Inner and outer coffins of the priest Hor, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, 25th Dynasty (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 680 BC</span>)</li> <li>Granite statue of the <a href="/wiki/Sphinx_of_Taharqo" title="Sphinx of Taharqo">Sphinx of Taharqo</a> (680 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Late Period (664–332 BC)</b> </p> <ul><li>Saite Sarcophagus of <a href="/wiki/Sasobek" title="Sasobek">Sasobek</a>, the vizier (prime minister) of the northern part of Egypt in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Psammetichus I">Psammetichus I</a> (664–610 BC)</li> <li>Sarcophagus lid of Sasobek (630 BC)</li> <li>Bronze figure of Isis and Horus, North <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a>, Egypt (600 BC)</li> <li>Sarcophagus of Hapmen, Cairo, 26th Dynasty or later (600–300 BC)</li> <li>Kneeling statue of <a href="/wiki/Wahibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahibre">Wahibre</a>, from near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Mariout" title="Lake Mariout">Lake Mariout</a> (530 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">Sarcophagus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ankhnesneferibre" title="Ankhnesneferibre">Ankhnesneferibre</a> (525 BC)</li> <li>Torso of <a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a> (380–362 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obelisks_of_Nectanebo_II" title="Obelisks of Nectanebo II">Obelisks</a> and sarcophagus of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a> (360–343 BC)</li> <li>Sarcophagus of <a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a>, Alexandria (360–343 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC)</b> </p> <ul><li>The famous <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a>, trilingual stela that unlocked the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics (196 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Naos</a> or temple shrine of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy VIII">Ptolemy VIII</a> from <a href="/wiki/Philae" class="mw-redirect" title="Philae">Philae</a> (150 BC)</li> <li>Giant sculpture of a <a href="/wiki/Scarabaeus_sacer" title="Scarabaeus sacer">scarab beetle</a> (32–30 BC)</li> <li>Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a> (305–283 BC)</li> <li>Mummy of <a href="/wiki/Hornedjitef" title="Hornedjitef">Hornedjitef</a> (inner coffin), Thebes (3rd century BC)</li> <li>Wall from a chapel of Queen <a href="/wiki/Shanakdakhete" title="Shanakdakhete">Shanakdakhete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroë</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 150 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">Shrine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy VII">Ptolemy VII</a>, Philae (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 150 BC</span>)</li></ul> <p><b>Roman Period (30 BC – 641 AD)</b> </p> <ul><li>Schist head of a young man, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> (after 30 BC)</li> <li>The Meriotic <a href="/wiki/Hamadab_Stela" title="Hamadab Stela">Hamadab Stela</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kingdom of Kush</a> found near the ancient site of Meroë in Sudan, 24 BC</li> <li>Lid of the coffin of Soter and Cleopatra from Qurna, Thebes (early 2nd century AD)</li> <li>Mummy of a youth with a portrait of the deceased, <a href="/wiki/Hawara" title="Hawara">Hawara</a> (100–200 AD)</li> <li>Over 30 <a href="/wiki/Fayum_mummy_portraits" title="Fayum mummy portraits">Fayum mummy portraits</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hawara" title="Hawara">Hawara</a> and other sites in <a href="/wiki/Fayum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fayum">Fayum</a> (40–250 AD)</li> <li>Bronze lamp and patera from the X-group tombs, <a href="/wiki/Qasr_Ibrim" title="Qasr Ibrim">Qasr Ibrim</a> (1st–6th centuries AD)</li> <li>Coptic wall painting of the <a href="/wiki/Martyrdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrdom">martyrdom</a> of saints, Wadi Sarga (6th century AD)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bm-ginger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 64 – Egyptian grave containing a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC"><img alt="Room 64 – Egyptian grave containing a Gebelein predynastic mummy, late predynastic, 3400 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bm-ginger.jpg/190px-Bm-ginger.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bm-ginger.jpg/285px-Bm-ginger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bm-ginger.jpg/380px-Bm-ginger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 64 – Egyptian grave containing a <a href="/wiki/Gebelein_predynastic_mummies" title="Gebelein predynastic mummies">Gebelein predynastic mummy</a>, late <a href="/wiki/Predynastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Predynastic">predynastic</a>, 3400 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_-_British_Museum_-_2273.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the pharaoh Senusret III, c. 1850 BC"><img alt="Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the pharaoh Senusret III, c. 1850 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/London_-_British_Museum_-_2273.jpg/190px-London_-_British_Museum_-_2273.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/London_-_British_Museum_-_2273.jpg/285px-London_-_British_Museum_-_2273.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/London_-_British_Museum_-_2273.jpg/380px-London_-_British_Museum_-_2273.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1850 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the goddess Sakhmet, c. 1400 BC"><img alt="Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the goddess Sakhmet, c. 1400 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/190px-ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/285px-ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg/380px-ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2826" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Sakhmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakhmet">Sakhmet</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1400 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Egypt_086.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, c. 1370 BC"><img alt="Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, c. 1370 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/British_Museum_Egypt_086.JPG/126px-British_Museum_Egypt_086.JPG" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/British_Museum_Egypt_086.JPG/190px-British_Museum_Egypt_086.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/British_Museum_Egypt_086.JPG/253px-British_Museum_Egypt_086.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1370 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colossal_quartzite_head_of_Amenhotep_III,_British_Museum_EA7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, c. 1350 BC"><img alt="Great Court – Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, c. 1350 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Colossal_quartzite_head_of_Amenhotep_III%2C_British_Museum_EA7.jpg/142px-Colossal_quartzite_head_of_Amenhotep_III%2C_British_Museum_EA7.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Colossal_quartzite_head_of_Amenhotep_III%2C_British_Museum_EA7.jpg/214px-Colossal_quartzite_head_of_Amenhotep_III%2C_British_Museum_EA7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Colossal_quartzite_head_of_Amenhotep_III%2C_British_Museum_EA7.jpg/285px-Colossal_quartzite_head_of_Amenhotep_III%2C_British_Museum_EA7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Great Court – <a href="/wiki/Colossal_quartzite_statue_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III">Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1350 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Couple_BM_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husband and wife, 1300–1250 BC"><img alt="Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husband and wife, 1300–1250 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Egyptian_Couple_BM_%281%29.JPG/142px-Egyptian_Couple_BM_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Egyptian_Couple_BM_%281%29.JPG/214px-Egyptian_Couple_BM_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Egyptian_Couple_BM_%281%29.JPG/285px-Egyptian_Couple_BM_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 4 - Limestone <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Horemheb_and_Amenia" title="Statue of Horemheb and Amenia">statue of a husband and wife</a>, 1300–1250 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P1050700_(5022075232).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins from the tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC"><img alt="Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins from the tomb of Henutmehyt, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/P1050700_%285022075232%29.jpg/142px-P1050700_%285022075232%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/P1050700_%285022075232%29.jpg/214px-P1050700_%285022075232%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/P1050700_%285022075232%29.jpg/285px-P1050700_%285022075232%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins from the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Henutmehyt" title="Henutmehyt">Henutmehyt</a>, Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Book of the Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC"><img alt="Book of the Dead of Hunefer, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_5.jpg/190px-Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_5.jpg/285px-Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_5.jpg/380px-Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2053" data-file-height="1037" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Book of the Dead of <a href="/wiki/Hunefer" title="Hunefer">Hunefer</a>, sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Egypt_101.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a cat from the Late Period, c. 664–332 BC"><img alt="Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a cat from the Late Period, c. 664–332 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/British_Museum_Egypt_101.jpg/133px-British_Museum_Egypt_101.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/British_Museum_Egypt_101.jpg/199px-British_Museum_Egypt_101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/British_Museum_Egypt_101.jpg/265px-British_Museum_Egypt_101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 4 – Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a <a href="/wiki/Gayer-Anderson_cat" title="Gayer-Anderson cat">cat</a> from the Late Period, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 664</span>–332 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Egypt_107.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC"><img alt="Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/British_Museum_Egypt_107.jpg/186px-British_Museum_Egypt_107.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/British_Museum_Egypt_107.jpg/279px-British_Museum_Egypt_107.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/British_Museum_Egypt_107.jpg/372px-British_Museum_Egypt_107.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2060" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 4 – Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th–30th Dynasty, 600–340 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II,_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo,_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, c. 350 BC"><img alt="Great Court – Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, c. 350 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/127px-The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/190px-The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/254px-The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="6016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Great Court – Black siltstone <a href="/wiki/Obelisks_of_Nectanebo_II" title="Obelisks of Nectanebo II">obelisk of King Nectanebo II</a> of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fayum-66.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 62 – Detail from the mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek who had settled in Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD"><img alt="Room 62 – Detail from the mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek who had settled in Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fayum-66.jpg/126px-Fayum-66.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fayum-66.jpg/190px-Fayum-66.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fayum-66.jpg/253px-Fayum-66.jpg 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="473" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 62 – Detail from the mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek who had settled in <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, Egypt, during Roman times, 100–200 AD</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Greece_and_Rome">Department of Greece and Rome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Department of Greece and Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/British_Museum" title="Special:EditPage/British Museum">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22British+Museum%22">"British Museum"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22British+Museum%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22British+Museum%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22British+Museum%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22British+Museum%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22British+Museum%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary,_6_Sep_2007_-_167.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_167.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_167.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_167.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_167.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_167.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_167.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Room 17 – Reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Nereid_Monument" title="Nereid Monument">Nereid Monument</a>, c. 390 BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elgin_Marbles_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Elgin_Marbles_British_Museum.jpg/220px-Elgin_Marbles_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Elgin_Marbles_British_Museum.jpg/330px-Elgin_Marbles_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Elgin_Marbles_British_Museum.jpg/440px-Elgin_Marbles_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="1007" /></a><figcaption>Room 18 – <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> marbles from the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis of Athens</a>, 447 BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BM,_GMR_-_RM21,_Mausoleum_of_Halikarnassos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BM%2C_GMR_-_RM21%2C_Mausoleum_of_Halikarnassos.JPG/220px-BM%2C_GMR_-_RM21%2C_Mausoleum_of_Halikarnassos.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BM%2C_GMR_-_RM21%2C_Mausoleum_of_Halikarnassos.JPG/330px-BM%2C_GMR_-_RM21%2C_Mausoleum_of_Halikarnassos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/BM%2C_GMR_-_RM21%2C_Mausoleum_of_Halikarnassos.JPG/440px-BM%2C_GMR_-_RM21%2C_Mausoleum_of_Halikarnassos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Room 21 – <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus" title="Mausoleum at Halicarnassus">Mausoleum at Halicarnassus</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>, mid-4th century BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The British Museum has one of the world's largest and most comprehensive collections of antiquities from the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical world</a>, with over 100,000 objects.<sup id="cite_ref-GreeceRome_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreeceRome-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These mostly range in date from the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Greek Bronze Age</a> (about 3200 BC) to the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire, with the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Milan" title="Edict of Milan">Edict of Milan</a> under the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a> in 313 AD. Archaeology was in its infancy during the nineteenth century and many pioneering individuals began excavating sites across the Classical world, chief among them for the museum were <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomas_Newton" title="Charles Thomas Newton">Charles Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Turtle_Wood" title="John Turtle Wood">John Turtle Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Murdoch_Smith" title="Robert Murdoch Smith">Robert Murdoch Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fellows" title="Charles Fellows">Charles Fellows</a>. </p><p>The Greek objects originate from across the Ancient Greek world, from the mainland of Greece and the Aegean Islands, to neighbouring lands in Asia Minor and Egypt in the eastern Mediterranean and as far as the western lands of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a> that include Sicily and southern Italy. The <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cycladic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a> cultures are represented, and the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> collection includes important sculpture from the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> in Athens, as well as elements of two of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus" title="Mausoleum at Halicarnassus">Mausoleum at Halicarnassus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GreeceRome_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreeceRome-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning from the early <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, the department also houses one of the widest-ranging collections of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Italic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Italic peoples">Italic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> antiquities outside Italy, as well as extensive groups of material from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus" title="Ancient history of Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and non-Greek colonies in <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a> on Asia Minor. There is some material from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>, but the collection's strength is in its comprehensive array of objects from across the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, with the exception of Britain (which is the mainstay of the Department of Prehistory and Europe). </p><p>The collections of ancient jewellery and bronzes, <a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Greek vases</a> (many from graves in southern Italy that were once part of <a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(diplomat)" title="William Hamilton (diplomat)">Sir William Hamilton</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Edm%C3%A9-Antoine_Durand" title="Edmé-Antoine Durand">Chevalier Durand</a>'s collections), <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">Roman glass</a> including the famous <a href="/wiki/Cameo_glass" title="Cameo glass">Cameo glass</a> Portland Vase, Roman <a href="/wiki/Gold_glass" title="Gold glass">gold glass</a> (the second largest collection after the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a>), <a href="/wiki/Roman_mosaic" title="Roman mosaic">Roman mosaics</a> from <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a> in North Africa that were excavated by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Davis_(traveller)" title="Nathan Davis (traveller)">Nathan Davis</a>, and silver hoards from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a> (some of which were bequeathed by the philanthropist and museum trustee <a href="/wiki/Richard_Payne_Knight" title="Richard Payne Knight">Richard Payne Knight</a>), are particularly important. Cypriot antiquities are strong too and have benefited from the purchase of Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamilton_Lang" title="Robert Hamilton Lang">Robert Hamilton Lang</a>'s collection as well as the bequest of Emma Turner in 1892, which funded many excavations on the island. Roman sculptures (many of which are copies of Greek originals) are particularly well represented by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Townley#Townley_Collection" title="Charles Townley">Townley collection</a> as well as residual sculptures from the famous <a href="/wiki/Farnese_collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnese collection">Farnese collection</a>. </p><p>Objects from the Department of Greece and Rome are located throughout the museum, although many of the <a href="/wiki/Architectural" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural">architectural</a> monuments are to be found on the ground floor, with connecting galleries from Gallery 5 to Gallery 23. On the upper floor, there are galleries devoted to smaller material from ancient Italy, Greece, Cyprus and the Roman Empire. </p><p>The current collection includes: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Temple of Hephaestus</a> </p> <ul><li>Marble <a href="/wiki/Coffer" title="Coffer">coffer</a> frame and coffer from the <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnade</a>, (449–415 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Parthenon Marbles (Elgin Marbles)</a>, (447–438 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Propylaea_(Acropolis_of_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propylaea (Acropolis of Athens)">Propylaea</a> </p> <ul><li>Capital and column drum, (437–432 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a> </p> <ul><li>A surviving column and architectural fittings, (420–415 BC)</li> <li>One of six remaining <a href="/wiki/Caryatid" title="Caryatid">Caryatids</a>, (415 BC)</li></ul> <p>Temple of <a href="/wiki/Athena_Nike" class="mw-redirect" title="Athena Nike">Athena Nike</a> </p> <ul><li>Surviving <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a> slabs and capital, (427–424 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Choragic_Monument_of_Thrasyllos" title="Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos">Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos</a> </p> <ul><li>Statue of Dionysos, (270 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_the_Winds" title="Tower of the Winds">Tower of the Winds</a> </p> <ul><li>Marble <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a> capital, (50 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion" title="Temple of Poseidon, Sounion">Temple of Poseidon</a>, Sounion </p> <ul><li>Fluted column base, (444–440 BC)</li></ul> <p>Temple of <a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhamnous" title="Rhamnous">Rhamnus</a> </p> <ul><li>Head from the statue of Nemesis, (430–420 BC)</li></ul> <p>Temple of <a href="/wiki/Bassae" title="Bassae">Bassae</a> </p> <ul><li>Twenty-three surviving blocks of the <a href="/wiki/Bassae_Frieze" title="Bassae Frieze">frieze</a> from the interior of the temple, (420–400 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Sanctuary of Apollo</a> at Daphni </p> <ul><li>Fluted columns, column bases and ionic capitals, (399–301 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Polias_(Priene)" title="Temple of Athena Polias (Priene)">Temple of Athena Polias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priene" title="Priene">Priene</a> </p> <ul><li>Sculptural <a href="/wiki/Coffer" title="Coffer">coffers</a> from the temple ceiling, (350–325 BC)</li> <li>Ionic capitals, architraves and <a href="/wiki/Anta_(architecture)" title="Anta (architecture)">antae</a>, (350–325 BC)</li> <li>Marble torso of a <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">charioteer</a>, (320–300 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus" title="Mausoleum at Halicarnassus">Mausoleum at Halicarnassus</a> </p> <ul><li>Two colossal free-standing figures identified as Maussollos and his wife <a href="/wiki/Artemisia_II_of_Caria" title="Artemisia II of Caria">Artemisia</a>, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350 BC</span>)</li> <li>Part of horse from the <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a> group adorning the summit of the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">Mausoleum</a>, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350 BC</span>)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Amazonomachy" title="Amazonomachy">Amazonomachy</a> frieze – A long section of relief frieze showing the battle between Greeks and <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a>, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350 BC</span>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis_in_Ephesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Artemis in Ephesus">Temple of Artemis in Ephesus</a> </p> <ul><li>One of the sculptured column bases, (340–320 BC)</li> <li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> frieze situated above the colonnade, (330–300 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Knidos" title="Knidos">Knidos</a> in Asia Minor </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demeter_of_Knidos" title="Demeter of Knidos">Demeter of Knidos</a>, (350 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Knidos" title="Lion of Knidos">Lion of Knidos</a>, (350–200 BC)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Xanthos" title="Xanthos">Xanthos</a> in Asia Minor </p> <ul><li>Lion Tomb, (550–500 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy_Tomb" title="Harpy Tomb">Harpy Tomb</a>, (480–470 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_Monument" title="Nereid Monument">Nereid Monument</a>, partial reconstruction of a large and elaborate Lykian tomb, (390–380 BC)</li> <li>Tomb of Merehi, (390–350 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Payava" title="Tomb of Payava">Tomb of Payava</a>, (375–350 BC)</li> <li>Bilingual Decree of <a href="/wiki/Pixodaros" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixodaros">Pixodaros</a>, (340 BC)</li></ul> <p>Temple of Zeus, <a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis</a> in Cyprus </p> <ul><li>Marble capital with <a href="/wiki/Caryatid" title="Caryatid">caryatid</a> figure standing between winged bulls, (300–250 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Wider collection</b> </p><p><b>Prehistoric Greece and Italy (3300 BC – 8th century BC)</b> </p> <ul><li>Over thirty <a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic figures</a> from islands in the Aegean Sea, many collected by <a href="/wiki/James_Theodore_Bent" title="James Theodore Bent">James Theodore Bent</a>, Greece, (3300–2000 BC)</li> <li>A large <a href="/wiki/Gaudo_culture" title="Gaudo culture">Gaudo culture</a> <a href="/wiki/Askos_(pottery_vessel)" title="Askos (pottery vessel)">askos</a> from <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a>, southern Italy, (2800–2400 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kythnos" title="Kythnos">Kythnos</a> Hoard of wood working metal tools from the island of <a href="/wiki/Naxos" title="Naxos">Naxos</a>, Greece, (2700–2200 BC)</li> <li>Two pottery <a href="/wiki/Kernos" title="Kernos">kernos</a> from <a href="/wiki/Phylakopi" title="Phylakopi">Phylakopi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melos" class="mw-redirect" title="Melos">Melos</a>, Greece (2300–2000 BC)</li> <li>Material from the <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Palace of Knossos</a> including a huge pottery storage jar, some donated by Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a>, Crete, Greece, (1900–1100 BC)</li> <li>The Minoan gold treasure from <a href="/wiki/Aegina_Treasure" title="Aegina Treasure">Aegina</a>, northern Aegean, Greece, (1850–1550 BC)</li> <li>Artefacts from the <a href="/wiki/Psychro_Cave" title="Psychro Cave">Psychro Cave</a> in Crete, including two serpentine libation tables, (1700–1450 BC)</li> <li>Bronze <a href="/wiki/Minoan_Bull-leaper" title="Minoan Bull-leaper">Minoan Bull-leaper</a> from Rethymnon, Crete, (1600–1450 BC)</li> <li>Segments of the columns and architraves from the <a href="/wiki/Treasury_of_Atreus" title="Treasury of Atreus">Treasury of Atreus</a>, Peloponnese, Greece, (1350–1250 BC)</li> <li>Ivory game board found at <a href="/wiki/Enkomi_(archaeological_site)" title="Enkomi (archaeological site)">Enkomi</a>, Cyprus, (12th century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a> hoard of bronze artefacts found at Santa Maria in Paulis, <a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, Sardinia, (1100–900 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Amphora" title="Elgin Amphora">Elgin Amphora</a>, highly decorated pottery vase attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Dipylon_Master" title="Dipylon Master">Dipylon Master</a>, Athens, Greece, (8th century BC)</li> <li>Votive offerings from the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Artemis_Orthia" title="Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia">Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia</a> at Sparta, (8th century BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Etruscan (8th century BC – 1st century BC)</b> </p> <ul><li>Gold jewellery and other rich artefacts from the Castellani and Galeassi Tombs in <a href="/wiki/Palestrina" title="Palestrina">Palestrina</a>, central Italy, (8th–6th centuries BC)</li> <li>Ornate gold <a href="/wiki/Fibula_(brooch)" title="Fibula (brooch)">fibula</a> with granulated parade of animals from the Bernardini Tomb, <a href="/wiki/Cerveteri" title="Cerveteri">Cerveteri</a>, (675–650 BC)</li> <li>Various objects including two small terracotta statues from the "Tomb of the five chairs" in Cerveteri (625–600 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Angelo_Muxaro_Patera" title="Sant'Angelo Muxaro Patera">Gold libation bowl</a> from Sant'Angelo Muxaro, Sicily, (600 BC)</li> <li>Contents of the <a href="/wiki/Isis_Tomb,_Vulci" title="Isis Tomb, Vulci">Isis tomb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tomb" title="François Tomb">François Tomb</a>, Vulci, (570–560 BC)</li> <li>Painted terracotta plaques (the so-called <i>Boccanera Plaques</i>) from a tomb in <a href="/wiki/Cerveteri" title="Cerveteri">Cerveteri</a>, (560–550 BC)</li> <li>Decorated silver panels from Castel San Marino, near <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a> (540–520 BC)</li> <li>Statuette of a bronze votive figure from Pizzidimonte, near <a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a>, Italy (500–480 BC)</li> <li>Bronze helmet with inscription commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cumae" title="Battle of Cumae">Battle of Cumae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a>, Greece, (480 BC)</li> <li>Bronze <a href="/wiki/Votive" class="mw-redirect" title="Votive">votive</a> statuettes from the <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_the_Idols" title="Lake of the Idols">Lake of the Idols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monte_Falterona" title="Monte Falterona">Monte Falterona</a>, (420–400 BC)</li> <li>Part of a <a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">symposium</a> set of bronze vessels from the tomb of Larth Metie, <a href="/wiki/Bolsena" title="Bolsena">Bolsena</a>, Italy, (400–300 BC)</li> <li>Exquisite gold <a href="/wiki/Ear-ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Ear-ring">ear-ring</a> with female head pendant, one of a pair from <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>, (300–200 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscan_Tablet" title="Oscan Tablet">Oscan Tablet</a>, one of the most important inscriptions in the Oscan language, (300–100 BC)</li> <li>Hoard of gold jewellery from <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eufemia_Lamezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Eufemia Lamezia">Sant'Eufemia Lamezia</a>, southern Italy, (340–330 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latian" class="mw-redirect" title="Latian">Latian</a> bronze figure from the Sanctuary of Diana, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemi" title="Lake Nemi">Lake Nemi</a>, Latium, (200–100 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_Seianti_Hanunia_Tlesnasa" title="Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa">Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa</a> from Chiusi, (150–140 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Ancient Greece (8th century BC – 4th century AD)</b> </p> <ul><li>Orientalising gold jewellery from the <a href="/wiki/Camirus" title="Camirus">Camirus</a> cemetery in Rhodes, (700–600 BC)</li> <li>Foot from the colossal <a href="/wiki/Kouros" title="Kouros">Kouros</a> of Apollo, <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a>, (600–500 BC)</li> <li>Group of life-size <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">archaic</a> statues from the Sacred Way at <a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Didyma</a>, western Turkey, (600–580 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armento_Rider" title="Armento Rider">Bronze statuette</a> of a rider and horse from Armento, southern Italy (550 BC)</li> <li>Bronze head of an <a href="/wiki/San_Sosti_Axe-Head" title="San Sosti Axe-Head">axe</a> from <a href="/wiki/San_Sosti" title="San Sosti">San Sosti</a>, southern Italy, (520 BC)</li> <li>Statue of a <a href="/wiki/Kouros" title="Kouros">nude standing youth</a> from <a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion, Cyprus</a>, (520–510 BC)</li> <li>Large terracotta sarcophagus and lid with painted scenes from <a href="/wiki/Klazomenai" title="Klazomenai">Klazomenai</a>, western Turkey, (510–480 BC)</li> <li>Two bronze tablets in the <a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian Greek</a> dialect from <a href="/wiki/Galaxidi" title="Galaxidi">Galaxidi</a>, central Greece, (500–475 BC)</li> <li>Fragments from a large bronze <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue" title="Equestrian statue">equestrian</a> statue of the <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a> Rider, southern Italy, (480–460 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatsworth_Head" title="Chatsworth Head">Chatsworth Apollo</a> Head, Tamassos, Cyprus (460 BC)</li> <li>Statue of recumbent bull from the <a href="/wiki/Kerameikos" title="Kerameikos">Dipylon Cemetery</a>, Athens (4th century BC)</li> <li>Hoard of gold jewellery from <a href="/wiki/Avola" title="Avola">Avola</a>, Sicily, (370–300 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priene_inscription_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Priene inscription of Alexander the Great">Dedicatory inscription by Alexander the Great</a> from Priene in Turkey (330 BC)</li> <li>Head from the colossal statue of the <a href="/wiki/Asclepius_of_Milos" title="Asclepius of Milos">Asclepius of Milos</a>, Greece, (325–300 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braganza_Brooch" title="Braganza Brooch">Braganza Brooch</a>, Ornamental gold fibula reflecting Celtic and Greek influences (3rd century BC)</li> <li>Hoard of silver <a href="/wiki/Patera" title="Patera">patera</a> from <a href="/wiki/%C3%88ze" title="Èze">Èze</a>, southeastern France, (3rd century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petelia_Gold_Tablet" title="Petelia Gold Tablet">Gold tablet</a> from an Orphic sanctuary in southern Italy (3rd–2nd centuries BC)</li> <li>Marble relief of the <a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Homer" title="Apotheosis of Homer">Apotheosis of Homer</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bovillae" title="Bovillae">Bovillae</a>, central Italy, (221–205 BC)</li> <li>Bronze sculpture of a Greek poet known as the <a href="/wiki/Arundel_Head" title="Arundel Head">Arundel Head</a>, western Turkey, (2nd–1st centuries BC)</li> <li>Remains of the <a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a> monument at <a href="/wiki/Bargylia" title="Bargylia">Bargylia</a>, south west Anatolia, Turkey, (200–150 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satala_Aphrodite" title="Satala Aphrodite">Bronze head and hand</a> of the statue of Aphrodite of Satala (1st century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramythia_Hoard" title="Paramythia Hoard">Bronze statuettes</a> from Paramythia (2nd century AD)</li> <li>Large statue of <a href="/wiki/Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)" title="Europa (consort of Zeus)">Europa</a> sitting on the back of a bull from the amphitheatre at <a href="/wiki/Gortyna" title="Gortyna">Gortyna</a>, Crete, (100 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Ancient Rome (1st century BC – 4th century AD)</b> </p> <ul><li>Pair of engraved oval <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agate</a> plaques depicting <a href="/wiki/Livia" title="Livia">Livia</a> as <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Octavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavian">Octavian</a> as <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)" title="Mercury (mythology)">Mercury</a>, (Rome, 30–25 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildford_Puteal" class="mw-redirect" title="Guildford Puteal">Guildford Puteal</a> from Corinth, Greece (30–10 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB_Head" title="Meroë Head">Bronze head of Augustus</a> from Meroë in Sudan (27–25 BC)</li> <li>Cameo glass <a href="/wiki/Portland_Vase" title="Portland Vase">Portland Vase</a>, the most famous glass vessel from ancient Rome, (1–25 AD)</li> <li>Silver <a href="/wiki/Warren_Cup" title="Warren Cup">Warren Cup</a> with homoerotic scenes, found near Jerusalem, (5–15 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz_Gladius" title="Mainz Gladius">Gladius of Mainz</a> (or "Sword of Tiberius") and <a href="/wiki/Blacas_Cameo" title="Blacas Cameo">Blacas Cameo</a>, depicting Roman emperors in triumph (15 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanten_Horse-Phalerae" title="Xanten Horse-Phalerae">Horse trappings</a> in decorated silver-plated bronze from Xanten, Germany (1st century AD)</li> <li>Pair of carved fluorite cups known as the <a href="/wiki/Barber_Cup_and_Crawford_Cup" title="Barber Cup and Crawford Cup">Barber Cup and Crawford Cup</a> (100 AD)</li> <li>Athlete statue, "<a href="/wiki/Vaison_Diadumenos" title="Vaison Diadumenos">Vaison Diadumenos</a>", from an ancient Roman city in southern France (118–138 AD)</li> <li>A hoard of silver votive plaques dedicated to the Roman God <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Dolichenus" title="Jupiter Dolichenus">Jupiter Dolichenus</a>, discovered in <a href="/wiki/Heddernheim" title="Heddernheim">Heddernheim</a>, near Frankfurt, Germany, (1st–2nd centuries AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discobolus" title="Discobolus">Discus-thrower (Discobolos)</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Head_of_Hypnos_from_Civitella_d%27Arna" title="Bronze Head of Hypnos from Civitella d'Arna">Bronze Head of Hypnos from Civitella d'Arna</a>, Italy, (1st–2nd centuries AD)</li> <li>Part of a large wooden wheel for draining a copper mine in <a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a>, southern Spain, (1st–2nd centuries AD)</li> <li>Capitals from some of the <a href="/wiki/Pilasters" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilasters">pilasters</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a>, Rome, (126 AD)</li> <li>Colossal marble head of <a href="/wiki/Faustina_the_Elder" title="Faustina the Elder">Faustina the Elder</a>, wife of the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius from <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a>, western Turkey, (140 AD)</li> <li>Marble throne from the prohedria of the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a>, Athens, (140–143 AD)</li> <li>Hoard of jewellery from a tomb in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Miletopolis" title="Miletopolis">Miletopolis</a>, Turkey, (175–180 AD)</li> <li>Inscribed marble base of the Roman Consul <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Claudius_Candidus" title="Tiberius Claudius Candidus">Tiberius Claudius Candidus</a>, unearthed in <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a>, Spain (195–199 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Dog" title="Jennings Dog">Jennings Dog</a>, a statue of a <a href="/wiki/Molossian" class="mw-redirect" title="Molossian">Molossian</a> guard dog, central Italy, (2nd century AD)</li> <li>Segment of a decorated marble <a href="/wiki/Balustrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Balustrade">balustrade</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a>, Rome, Italy, (2nd century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politarch" title="Politarch">Politarch</a> inscription from the Vardar Gate, <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, Greece, (2nd century AD)</li> <li>Two <a href="/wiki/Roman_cavalry" title="Roman cavalry">Roman cavalry</a> bronze parade masks from <a href="/wiki/Nola" title="Nola">Nola</a>, Italy and <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a>, Turkey,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2nd century AD)</li> <li>Various silver treasures found at <a href="/wiki/Arcisate_Treasure" title="Arcisate Treasure">Arcisate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaurains_Treasure" title="Beaurains Treasure">Beaurains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boscoreale_Treasure" title="Boscoreale Treasure">Boscoreale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bursa_Treasure" title="Bursa Treasure">Bursa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaourse_Treasure" title="Chaourse Treasure">Chaourse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caubiac_Treasure" title="Caubiac Treasure">Caubiac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chatuzange_Treasure" title="Chatuzange Treasure">Chatuzange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conimbriga" class="mw-redirect" title="Conimbriga">Conimbriga</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con_Treasure" title="Mâcon Treasure">Mâcon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revel-Tourdan" title="Revel-Tourdan">Revel-Tourdan</a> (1st–3rd century AD)</li> <li>Votive statue of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_of_Cyrene" title="Apollo of Cyrene">Apollo of Cyrene</a>, Libya (2nd century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uerdingen_Hoard" title="Uerdingen Hoard">Uerdingen Hoard</a> found near Düsseldorf in Germany (2nd–3rd centuries AD)</li></ul> <p>The collection encompasses architectural, sculptural and epigraphic items from many other sites across the classical world including <a href="/wiki/Amathus" title="Amathus">Amathus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atripalda" title="Atripalda">Atripalda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias" title="Aphrodisias">Aphrodisias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iasos" title="Iasos">Iasos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Idalion">Idalion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lindus" title="Lindus">Lindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalymnos" title="Kalymnos">Kalymnos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhamnous" title="Rhamnous">Rhamnous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sestos" title="Sestos">Sestos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sounion" title="Sounion">Sounion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Tomis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegina_treasure_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 12 – A gold earring from the Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC"><img alt="Room 12 – A gold earring from the Aegina Treasure, Greece, 1700–1500 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Aegina_treasure_01.jpg/190px-Aegina_treasure_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Aegina_treasure_01.jpg/285px-Aegina_treasure_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Aegina_treasure_01.jpg/380px-Aegina_treasure_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 12 – A gold earring from the <a href="/wiki/Aegina_Treasure" title="Aegina Treasure">Aegina Treasure</a>, Greece, 1700–1500 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_RM18_-_GR,_The_Parthenon_Galleries_1_Temple_of_Athena_Parthenos_(447-438_B.C)_%2B_North_Slip_Room,_-Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_North-.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 18 – Parthenon statuary from the east pediment and Metopes from the south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC"><img alt="Room 18 – Parthenon statuary from the east pediment and Metopes from the south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BM%3B_RM18_-_GR%2C_The_Parthenon_Galleries_1_Temple_of_Athena_Parthenos_%28447-438_B.C%29_%2B_North_Slip_Room%2C_-Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_North-.JPG/190px-BM%3B_RM18_-_GR%2C_The_Parthenon_Galleries_1_Temple_of_Athena_Parthenos_%28447-438_B.C%29_%2B_North_Slip_Room%2C_-Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_North-.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BM%3B_RM18_-_GR%2C_The_Parthenon_Galleries_1_Temple_of_Athena_Parthenos_%28447-438_B.C%29_%2B_North_Slip_Room%2C_-Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_North-.JPG/285px-BM%3B_RM18_-_GR%2C_The_Parthenon_Galleries_1_Temple_of_Athena_Parthenos_%28447-438_B.C%29_%2B_North_Slip_Room%2C_-Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_North-.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BM%3B_RM18_-_GR%2C_The_Parthenon_Galleries_1_Temple_of_Athena_Parthenos_%28447-438_B.C%29_%2B_North_Slip_Room%2C_-Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_North-.JPG/380px-BM%3B_RM18_-_GR%2C_The_Parthenon_Galleries_1_Temple_of_Athena_Parthenos_%28447-438_B.C%29_%2B_North_Slip_Room%2C_-Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_North-.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 18 – Parthenon statuary from the east pediment and <a href="/wiki/Metopes_of_the_Parthenon" title="Metopes of the Parthenon">Metopes</a> from the south wall, Athens, Greece, 447–438 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM,_GNR;_The_Acropolis_%26_The_late_5th_C_BC_~_Erechtheum_Caryatid_%2B_Ionic_Column_(Room_19).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 19 – Caryatid and Ionian column from the Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC"><img alt="Room 19 – Caryatid and Ionian column from the Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, Greece, 420–415 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/BM%2C_GNR%3B_The_Acropolis_%26_The_late_5th_C_BC_~_Erechtheum_Caryatid_%2B_Ionic_Column_%28Room_19%29.jpg/190px-BM%2C_GNR%3B_The_Acropolis_%26_The_late_5th_C_BC_~_Erechtheum_Caryatid_%2B_Ionic_Column_%28Room_19%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/BM%2C_GNR%3B_The_Acropolis_%26_The_late_5th_C_BC_~_Erechtheum_Caryatid_%2B_Ionic_Column_%28Room_19%29.jpg/285px-BM%2C_GNR%3B_The_Acropolis_%26_The_late_5th_C_BC_~_Erechtheum_Caryatid_%2B_Ionic_Column_%28Room_19%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/BM%2C_GNR%3B_The_Acropolis_%26_The_late_5th_C_BC_~_Erechtheum_Caryatid_%2B_Ionic_Column_%28Room_19%29.jpg/380px-BM%2C_GNR%3B_The_Acropolis_%26_The_late_5th_C_BC_~_Erechtheum_Caryatid_%2B_Ionic_Column_%28Room_19%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 19 – <a href="/wiki/Caryatid" title="Caryatid">Caryatid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ionian_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionian order">Ionian</a> column from the <a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis of Athens</a>, Greece, 420–415 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Payava_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC"><img alt="Room 20 – Tomb of Payava, Lycia, Turkey, 360 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tomb_of_Payava_2.jpg/126px-Tomb_of_Payava_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tomb_of_Payava_2.jpg/190px-Tomb_of_Payava_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tomb_of_Payava_2.jpg/253px-Tomb_of_Payava_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 20 – <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Payava" title="Tomb of Payava">Tomb of Payava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>, Turkey, 360 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragmentary_horse_from_the_colossal_four-horses_chariot_group_which_topped_the_podium_of_the_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus,_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus,_British_Museum_(8245662728).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 21 – Fragmentary horse from the colossal chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Turkey, c. 350 BC"><img alt="Room 21 – Fragmentary horse from the colossal chariot group which topped the podium of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Turkey, c. 350 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fragmentary_horse_from_the_colossal_four-horses_chariot_group_which_topped_the_podium_of_the_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_British_Museum_%288245662728%29.jpg/132px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fragmentary_horse_from_the_colossal_four-horses_chariot_group_which_topped_the_podium_of_the_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_British_Museum_%288245662728%29.jpg/197px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fragmentary_horse_from_the_colossal_four-horses_chariot_group_which_topped_the_podium_of_the_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_British_Museum_%288245662728%29.jpg/263px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="4039" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 21 – Fragmentary horse from the colossal chariot group which topped the podium of the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus" title="Mausoleum at Halicarnassus">Mausoleum at Halicarnassus</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>, Turkey, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_wreath_BM_1908.4-14.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 22 - Gold oak wreath with a bee and two cicadas, western Turkey, c. 350–300 BC"><img alt="Room 22 - Gold oak wreath with a bee and two cicadas, western Turkey, c. 350–300 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gold_wreath_BM_1908.4-14.1.jpg/190px-Gold_wreath_BM_1908.4-14.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gold_wreath_BM_1908.4-14.1.jpg/285px-Gold_wreath_BM_1908.4-14.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gold_wreath_BM_1908.4-14.1.jpg/380px-Gold_wreath_BM_1908.4-14.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3774" data-file-height="2830" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 22 - Gold oak wreath with a bee and two cicadas, western Turkey, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350–300 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Column_drum_Ephesus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 22 – Column from the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC"><img alt="Room 22 – Column from the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Turkey, early 4th century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Column_drum_Ephesus.JPG/153px-Column_drum_Ephesus.JPG" decoding="async" width="153" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Column_drum_Ephesus.JPG/230px-Column_drum_Ephesus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Column_drum_Ephesus.JPG/307px-Column_drum_Ephesus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2422" data-file-height="2998" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 22 – Column from the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis in Ephesus</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>, Turkey, early 4th century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asklepios_Melos_BM_Sc550.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wearing a metal crown (now lost), from a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC"><img alt="Room 22 - Colossal head of Asclepius wearing a metal crown (now lost), from a cult statue on Melos, Greece, 325–300 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Asklepios_Melos_BM_Sc550.jpg/142px-Asklepios_Melos_BM_Sc550.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Asklepios_Melos_BM_Sc550.jpg/214px-Asklepios_Melos_BM_Sc550.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Asklepios_Melos_BM_Sc550.jpg/285px-Asklepios_Melos_BM_Sc550.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 22 - Colossal <a href="/wiki/Asclepius_of_Milos" title="Asclepius of Milos">head of Asclepius</a> wearing a metal crown (now lost), from a cult statue on <a href="/wiki/Melos" class="mw-redirect" title="Melos">Melos</a>, Greece, 325–300 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_and_left_hand_from_a_bronze_cult_statue_of_Anahita,_a_local_goddess_shown_here_in_the_guide_of_Aphrodite,_200-100_BC,_British_Museum_(8167358544).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 22 – Bronze head and hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue discovered in Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC"><img alt="Room 22 – Bronze head and hand of an ancient Hellenistic statue discovered in Satala, Turkey, 200–100 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Head_and_left_hand_from_a_bronze_cult_statue_of_Anahita%2C_a_local_goddess_shown_here_in_the_guide_of_Aphrodite%2C_200-100_BC%2C_British_Museum_%288167358544%29.jpg/142px-Head_and_left_hand_from_a_bronze_cult_statue_of_Anahita%2C_a_local_goddess_shown_here_in_the_guide_of_Aphrodite%2C_200-100_BC%2C_British_Museum_%288167358544%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Head_and_left_hand_from_a_bronze_cult_statue_of_Anahita%2C_a_local_goddess_shown_here_in_the_guide_of_Aphrodite%2C_200-100_BC%2C_British_Museum_%288167358544%29.jpg/213px-Head_and_left_hand_from_a_bronze_cult_statue_of_Anahita%2C_a_local_goddess_shown_here_in_the_guide_of_Aphrodite%2C_200-100_BC%2C_British_Museum_%288167358544%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Head_and_left_hand_from_a_bronze_cult_statue_of_Anahita%2C_a_local_goddess_shown_here_in_the_guide_of_Aphrodite%2C_200-100_BC%2C_British_Museum_%288167358544%29.jpg/285px-Head_and_left_hand_from_a_bronze_cult_statue_of_Anahita%2C_a_local_goddess_shown_here_in_the_guide_of_Aphrodite%2C_200-100_BC%2C_British_Museum_%288167358544%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3082" data-file-height="4113" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 22 – Bronze head and hand of an ancient <a href="/wiki/Satala_Aphrodite" title="Satala Aphrodite">Hellenistic statue</a> discovered in <a href="/wiki/Satala" title="Satala">Satala</a>, Turkey, 200–100 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_011.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 1 - Farnese Hermes in the Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD"><img alt="Room 1 - Farnese Hermes in the Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/SFEC_BritMus_Roman_011.JPG/126px-SFEC_BritMus_Roman_011.JPG" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/SFEC_BritMus_Roman_011.JPG/190px-SFEC_BritMus_Roman_011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/SFEC_BritMus_Roman_011.JPG/253px-SFEC_BritMus_Roman_011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 1 - Farnese <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> in the Enlightenment Gallery, Italy, 1st century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet from Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD"><img alt="Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet from Pompeii, Italy, 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg/142px-GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg/214px-GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg/285px-GladiatorHelmetBM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 69 - Roman gladiator helmet from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, Italy, 1st century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lely_Venus_BM_1963.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 23 - The famous version of the 'Crouching Venus', Roman, c. 1st century AD"><img alt="Room 23 - The famous version of the 'Crouching Venus', Roman, c. 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lely_Venus_BM_1963.jpg/114px-Lely_Venus_BM_1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lely_Venus_BM_1963.jpg/171px-Lely_Venus_BM_1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lely_Venus_BM_1963.jpg/228px-Lely_Venus_BM_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2830" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 23 - The famous version of the '<a href="/wiki/Crouching_Venus" title="Crouching Venus">Crouching Venus</a>', Roman, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1st century AD</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinario-British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 22 – Roman marble copy of the famous 'Spinario (Boy with Thorn)', Italy, c. 1st century AD"><img alt="Room 22 – Roman marble copy of the famous 'Spinario (Boy with Thorn)', Italy, c. 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Spinario-British_Museum.jpg/142px-Spinario-British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Spinario-British_Museum.jpg/214px-Spinario-British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Spinario-British_Museum.jpg/285px-Spinario-British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 22 – Roman marble copy of the famous '<a href="/wiki/Boy_with_Thorn" title="Boy with Thorn">Spinario (Boy with Thorn)</a>', Italy, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1st century AD</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_Kitharoidos_BM_1380.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (holding a lyre), Libya, c. 2nd century AD"><img alt="Room 22 – Apollo of Cyrene (holding a lyre), Libya, c. 2nd century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Apollo_Kitharoidos_BM_1380.jpg/99px-Apollo_Kitharoidos_BM_1380.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Apollo_Kitharoidos_BM_1380.jpg/149px-Apollo_Kitharoidos_BM_1380.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Apollo_Kitharoidos_BM_1380.jpg/199px-Apollo_Kitharoidos_BM_1380.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="2575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 22 – <a href="/wiki/Apollo_of_Cyrene" title="Apollo of Cyrene">Apollo of Cyrene</a> (holding a <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">lyre</a>), Libya, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2nd century AD</span></div> </li> </ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Islamic_art"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_the_Middle_East">Department of the Middle East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Department of the Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_RM7_-_ANE,_Nineveh_Palace_Reliefs_Southwest_Palace_of_Sennacherib_(701-681_B.C)_~_Full_Elevation_%2B_Viewing_South.4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nineveh_Palace_Reliefs_Southwest_Palace_of_Sennacherib_%28701-681_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%2B_Viewing_South.4.JPG/220px-BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nineveh_Palace_Reliefs_Southwest_Palace_of_Sennacherib_%28701-681_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%2B_Viewing_South.4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nineveh_Palace_Reliefs_Southwest_Palace_of_Sennacherib_%28701-681_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%2B_Viewing_South.4.JPG/330px-BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nineveh_Palace_Reliefs_Southwest_Palace_of_Sennacherib_%28701-681_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%2B_Viewing_South.4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nineveh_Palace_Reliefs_Southwest_Palace_of_Sennacherib_%28701-681_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%2B_Viewing_South.4.JPG/440px-BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nineveh_Palace_Reliefs_Southwest_Palace_of_Sennacherib_%28701-681_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%2B_Viewing_South.4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Room 9 – <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_palace_reliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian palace reliefs">Assyrian palace reliefs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>, 701–681 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>With a collection numbering some 330,000 works,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the British Museum possesses the world's largest and most important collection of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> antiquities outside <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. A collection of immense importance, the holdings of <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_sculpture" title="Assyrian sculpture">Assyrian sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> antiquities are among the most comprehensive in the world with entire suites of rooms panelled in alabaster <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_palace_reliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian palace reliefs">Assyrian palace reliefs</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khorsabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorsabad">Khorsabad</a>. </p><p>The collections represent the civilisations of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Near East</a> and its adjacent areas. These cover <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> settlements in the western <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric period</a> and include objects from the 7th century. </p><p>The first significant addition of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian">Mesopotamian</a> objects was from the collection of <a href="/wiki/Claudius_James_Rich" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius James Rich">Claudius James Rich</a> in 1825. The collection was later dramatically enlarged by the excavations of <a href="/wiki/Austen_Henry_Layard" title="Austen Henry Layard">A. H. Layard</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> sites of <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> between 1845 and 1851. At Nimrud, Layard discovered the North-West Palace of <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a>, as well as three other palaces and various temples. He later uncovered the Palace of <a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a> at Nineveh with 'no less than seventy-one halls'. As a result, a large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassus</a>, palace reliefs, <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stelae</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Black_Obelisk_of_Shalmaneser_III" title="Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III">Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III</a>, were brought to the British Museum. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_pair_of_lamassus_from_the_Throne_Room,_Room_B,_of_the_North-West_Palace_at_Nimrud,_Iraq,_9th_century_BC._The_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/A_pair_of_lamassus_from_the_Throne_Room%2C_Room_B%2C_of_the_North-West_Palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Iraq%2C_9th_century_BC._The_British_Museum.jpg/220px-A_pair_of_lamassus_from_the_Throne_Room%2C_Room_B%2C_of_the_North-West_Palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Iraq%2C_9th_century_BC._The_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/A_pair_of_lamassus_from_the_Throne_Room%2C_Room_B%2C_of_the_North-West_Palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Iraq%2C_9th_century_BC._The_British_Museum.jpg/330px-A_pair_of_lamassus_from_the_Throne_Room%2C_Room_B%2C_of_the_North-West_Palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Iraq%2C_9th_century_BC._The_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/A_pair_of_lamassus_from_the_Throne_Room%2C_Room_B%2C_of_the_North-West_Palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Iraq%2C_9th_century_BC._The_British_Museum.jpg/440px-A_pair_of_lamassus_from_the_Throne_Room%2C_Room_B%2C_of_the_North-West_Palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Iraq%2C_9th_century_BC._The_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption>Room 6 – Pair of <a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Human Headed Winged Lions</a> and reliefs from <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Balawat_Gates" title="Balawat Gates">Balawat Gates</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 860 BC</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Layard's work was continued by his assistant, <a href="/wiki/Hormuzd_Rassam" title="Hormuzd Rassam">Hormuzd Rassam</a> and in 1852–1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous <a href="/wiki/Lion_Hunt_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal">Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lachish_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish relief">Lachish reliefs</a>. He also discovered the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Library of Ashurbanipal">Royal Library of Ashurbanipal</a>, a large collection of <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform</a> <a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">tablets</a> of enormous importance that today number around 130,000 pieces. <a href="/wiki/William_Loftus_(archaeologist)" title="William Loftus (archaeologist)">W. K. Loftus</a> excavated in Nimrud between 1850 and 1855 and found a remarkable hoard of <a href="/wiki/Nimrud_ivories" title="Nimrud ivories">ivories</a> in the Burnt Palace. Between 1878 and 1882 Rassam greatly improved the museum's holdings with exquisite objects including the <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Cylinder" title="Cyrus Cylinder">Cyrus Cylinder</a> from <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, the bronze gates from <a href="/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat">Balawat</a>, important objects from <a href="/wiki/Sippar" title="Sippar">Sippar</a>, and a fine collection of <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartian</a> bronzes from <a href="/wiki/Toprakkale_(castle)" title="Toprakkale (castle)">Toprakkale</a> including a copper figurine of a winged, human-headed bull. </p><p>In the early 20th century excavations were carried out at <a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a>, Turkey by <a href="/wiki/David_George_Hogarth" title="David George Hogarth">D. G. Hogarth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolley" title="Leonard Woolley">Leonard Woolley</a>, the latter assisted by <a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a>. The Mesopotamian collections were greatly augmented by excavations in southern Iraq after the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. From <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Tell al-Ubaid</a> came the bronze furnishings of a <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> temple, including life-sized lions and a panel featuring the lion-headed eagle Indugud found by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hall_(Egyptologist)" title="Henry Hall (Egyptologist)">H. R. Hall</a> in 1919–24. Woolley went on to excavate <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a> between 1922 and 1934, discovering the Royal Cemeteries of the 3rd millennium BC. Some of the masterpieces include the <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_Ur" title="Standard of Ur">Standard of Ur</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ram_in_a_Thicket" title="Ram in a Thicket">Ram in a Thicket</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Game_of_Ur" title="Royal Game of Ur">Royal Game of Ur</a>, and two bull-headed <a href="/wiki/Lyres" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyres">lyres</a>. The department also has three <a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">diorite</a> statues of the ruler <a href="/wiki/Statues_of_Gudea" title="Statues of Gudea">Gudea</a> from the ancient state of <a href="/wiki/Lagash" title="Lagash">Lagash</a> and a series of limestone <a href="/wiki/Kudurru" title="Kudurru">kudurru</a> or boundary stones from different locations across ancient <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_307.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/London_307.JPG/220px-London_307.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/London_307.JPG/330px-London_307.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/London_307.JPG/440px-London_307.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Room 52 – Ancient Iran with the <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Cylinder" title="Cyrus Cylinder">Cyrus Cylinder</a>, 559–530 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the collections centre on Mesopotamia, most of the surrounding areas are well represented. The <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a> collection was enhanced with the addition of the <a href="/wiki/Oxus_Treasure" title="Oxus Treasure">Oxus Treasure</a> in 1897 and objects excavated by the German scholar <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Herzfeld" title="Ernst Herzfeld">Ernst Herzfeld</a> and the Hungarian-British explorer <a href="/wiki/Marc_Aurel_Stein" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc Aurel Stein">Sir Aurel Stein</a>. Reliefs and sculptures from the site of <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a> were donated by Sir <a href="/wiki/Gore_Ouseley" title="Gore Ouseley">Gore Ouseley</a> in 1825 and the <a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_5th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 5th Earl of Aberdeen">5th Earl of Aberdeen</a> in 1861 and the museum received part of a pot-hoard of jewellery from <a href="/wiki/Pasargadae" title="Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a> as the division of finds in 1963 and part of the <a href="/wiki/Ziwiye_hoard" title="Ziwiye hoard">Ziwiye hoard</a> in 1971. A large column base from the <a href="/wiki/Persepolis#The_Throne_Hall" title="Persepolis">One Hundred Column Hall</a> at Persepolis was acquired in exchange from the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Institute_(Chicago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Institute (Chicago)">Oriental Institute</a>, Chicago. Moreover, the museum has been able to acquire one of the greatest assemblages of Achaemenid <a href="/wiki/Household_silver" title="Household silver">silverware</a> in the world. The later <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> is also well represented by ornate silver plates and cups, many representing ruling monarchs hunting lions and deer. Phoenician antiquities come from across the region, but the <a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a> collection from <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, the hoard of about 150 <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_metal_bowls" title="Phoenician metal bowls">metal bowls</a> and hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Nimrud_ivories" title="Nimrud ivories">ivories</a> from Nimrud, Phœnician inscriptions from Carthage including the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Baalshillek_marble_base" title="Son of Baalshillek marble base">Son of Baalshillek marble base</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carthage_Tariff" title="Carthage Tariff">Carthage Tariff</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Carthage_tower_model" title="Carthage tower model">Carthage tower model</a> and the many <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/st%C3%A8les_de_La_Ghorfa" class="extiw" title="fr:stèles de La Ghorfa">punic stelae</a> from <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maghrawa" title="Maghrawa">Maghrawa</a> in Tunisia are outstanding. The number of <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician</a> inscriptions from sites across <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> is also considerable, and include artefacts found at the <a href="/wiki/Kition_Necropolis_Phoenician_inscriptions" title="Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions">Kition necropolis</a> (with the two <a href="/wiki/Kition_Tariffs" title="Kition Tariffs">Kition Tariffs</a> having the longest Phoenician inscription discovered on the island), the <a href="/wiki/Idalion_Temple_inscriptions" title="Idalion Temple inscriptions">Idalion temple site</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamassos_bilinguals" title="Tamassos bilinguals">two bilingual pedestals</a> found at <a href="/wiki/Tamassos" title="Tamassos">Tamassos</a>. Another often overlooked highlight is <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Yemen" title="Ancient history of Yemen">Yemeni</a> antiquities, the finest collection outside that country. Furthermore, the museum has a representative collection of <a href="/wiki/Dilmun" title="Dilmun">Dilmun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a> material excavated from various burial mounds at the ancient sites of <a href="/wiki/A%27ali" title="A'ali">A'ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shakhura" title="Shakhura">Shakhura</a> (that included a Roman ribbed glass bowl) in Bahrain. </p><p>From the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> come almost forty funerary busts from <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a> and a group of stone <a href="/wiki/Reliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliefs">reliefs</a> from the excavations of <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Oppenheim" title="Max von Oppenheim">Max von Oppenheim</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tell_Halaf" title="Tell Halaf">Tell Halaf</a> that was purchased in 1920. More material followed from the excavations of <a href="/wiki/Max_Mallowan" title="Max Mallowan">Max Mallowan</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chagar_Bazar" title="Chagar Bazar">Chagar Bazar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tell_Brak" title="Tell Brak">Tell Brak</a> in 1935–1938 and from Woolley at <a href="/wiki/Alalakh" title="Alalakh">Alalakh</a> in the years just before and after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Mallowan returned with his wife <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a> to carry out further digs at Nimrud in the postwar period which secured many <a href="/wiki/Nimrud_Ivories" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimrud Ivories">important artefacts</a> for the museum. The collection of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian</a> material was strengthened by the work of <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kenyon" title="Kathleen Kenyon">Kathleen Kenyon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Tell es-Sultan</a> (Jericho) in the 1950s and the acquisition in 1980 of around 17,000 objects found at <a href="/wiki/Lachish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish">Lachish</a> by the Wellcome-Marston expedition of 1932–1938. Archaeological digs are still taking place where permitted in the Middle East, and, depending on the country, the museum continues to receive a share of the finds from sites such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tell_es_Sa%27idiyeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tell es Sa'idiyeh (page does not exist)">Tell es Sa'idiyeh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_es-Sa%27idiyeh" class="extiw" title="de:Tell es-Sa'idiyeh">de</a>]</span> in Jordan. </p><p>The museum's collection of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic art</a>, including archaeological material, numbers about 40,000 objects,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the largest of its kind in the world. As such, it contains a broad range of pottery, paintings, tiles, metalwork, glass, seals, and inscriptions from across the Islamic world, from Spain in the west to India in the east. It is particularly famous for its collection of <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0znik_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="İznik pottery">Iznik</a> ceramics (the largest in the world), its large number of <a href="/wiki/Mosque_lamp" title="Mosque lamp">mosque lamps</a> including one from the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, mediaeval metalwork such as the Vaso Vescovali with its depictions of the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a>, a fine selection of <a href="/wiki/Astrolabes" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrolabes">astrolabes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mughal_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal paintings">Mughal paintings</a> and precious artwork including a large <a href="/wiki/Jade_Terrapin_from_Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Jade Terrapin from Allahabad">jade terrapin</a> made for the emperor <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>. Thousands of objects were excavated after the war by professional archaeologists at Iranian sites such as <a href="/wiki/Siraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraf">Siraf</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Whitehouse" title="David Whitehouse">David Whitehouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alamut_Castle" title="Alamut Castle">Alamut Castle</a> by Peter Willey. The collection was augmented in 1983 by the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_DuCane_Godman" title="Frederick DuCane Godman">Godman</a> bequest of Iznik, <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Moresque" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano-Moresque">Hispano-Moresque</a> and early Iranian pottery. Artefacts from the Islamic world are on display in Gallery 34 of the museum. </p><p>A representative selection from the Department of Middle East, including the most important pieces, are on display in 13 galleries throughout the museum and total some 4,500 objects. A whole suite of rooms on the ground floor display the sculptured reliefs from the Assyrian palaces at Nineveh, Nimrud and Khorsabad, while 8 galleries on the upper floor hold smaller material from ancient sites across the Middle East. The remainder form the study collection which ranges in size from beads to large sculptures. They include approximately 130,000 <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform</a> <a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">tablets</a> from Mesopotamia.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Highlights of the collections include: </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a>:</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: 100%;table-layout:fixed;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_palace_reliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian palace reliefs">Assyrian palace reliefs</a> from:</b> </p> <ul><li>The North-West Palace of <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nasir-pal_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-nasir-pal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a>, (883–859 BC)</li> <li>Palace of <a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_III" title="Adad-nirari III">Adad-nirari III</a>, (811–783 BC)</li> <li>The Sharrat-Niphi Temple, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 9th century BC</span>)</li> <li>Temple of <a href="/wiki/Ninurta" title="Ninurta">Ninurta</a>, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 9th century BC</span>)</li> <li>South-East Palace ('Burnt Palace'), (8th–7th century BC)</li> <li>Central- Palace of <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Tiglath-Pileser III</a>, (745–727 BC)</li> <li>South-West Palace of <a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a>, (681–669 BC)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a> Temple (Ezida), (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 7th century BC</span>)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Sculptures and inscriptions:</b> </p> <ul><li>Pair of Human Headed <a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassu</a> Lions, (883–859 BC)</li> <li>Human Headed Lamassu Bull, sister piece in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, (883–859 BC)</li> <li>Human Headed Lamassu Lion, sister piece in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, (883–859 BC)</li> <li>Colossal Statue of a Lion, (883–859 BC)</li> <li>Foundation tablet of <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a> from the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a>, (875–865 BC)</li> <li>Rassam Obelisk of <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a>, (873–859 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stela_of_Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Stela of Ashurnasirpal II">Stela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Statue of Ashurnasirpal II">Statue</a> of King <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a>, (883–859 BC)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Black_Obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Obelisk">Black Obelisk</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a>, (858–824 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stela_of_Shamshi-Adad_V" title="Stela of Shamshi-Adad V">Stela of Shamshi-Adad V</a>, (824–811 BC)</li> <li>Rare Head of Human Headed 'Lamassu', recovered from the North-West Palace, (811–783 BC)</li> <li>Pair of statues of attendant god dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adad-Nirari_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Adad-Nirari III">Adad-Nirari III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sammuramat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sammuramat">Sammuramat</a>, (810–800 BC)</li> <li>Bilingual <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_lion_weights" title="Assyrian lion weights">Assyrian lion weights</a> with both cuneiform and Phoenician inscriptions, (800–700 BC)</li> <li>Large sculpture of a male bearded head from a <a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassu</a> with inscription dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a>, (670 BC)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <dl><dt><b><a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>:</b></dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: 100%;table-layout:fixed;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_palace_reliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian palace reliefs">Assyrian palace reliefs</a> and sculptures from:</b> </p> <ul><li>South-West Palace of <a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a>, (705–681 BC)</li> <li>North-Palace of <a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a>, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 645 BC</span>), including the <i><a href="/wiki/Lion_Hunt_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal">Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Lachish_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish relief">Lachish relief</a></li> <li>The famous <i>Garden Party</i> Relief, (645 BC)</li> <li>Statue of a <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_statue_(BM_124963)" title="Assyrian statue (BM 124963)">nude woman</a>, (11th century BC)</li> <li>Broken Obelisk of <a href="/wiki/Ashur-bel-kala" title="Ashur-bel-kala">Ashur-bel-kala</a>, the earliest known Assyrian <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a>, (11th century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Obelisk_of_Ashurnasirpal_I" class="mw-redirect" title="White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I">White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I</a>, (1050–1031 BC)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Library of Ashurbanipal">Royal Library</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li>A large collection of <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform</a> <a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">tablets</a> of enormous importance, approximately 22,000 inscribed clay tablets, (7th century BC)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Flood Tablet</a>, relating part of the famous <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i>, (7th century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib%27s_Annals" title="Sennacherib's Annals">Taylor Prism</a>, hexagonal clay foundation record, (691 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassam_cylinder" title="Rassam cylinder">Rassam cylinder</a> with ten faces, that describes the military campaigns of king <a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a>, (643 BC)</li></ul> <pre>  </pre> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <dl><dt>Other Mesopotamian sites</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: 100%;table-layout:fixed;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Khorsabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorsabad">Khorsabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat">Balawat</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li>Alabaster bas-reliefs from the Palace of <a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a>, (710–705 BC)</li> <li>Pair of Human Headed Winged <a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassu</a> Bulls, (710–705 BC)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Balawat_Gates" title="Balawat Gates">Balawat Gates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a>, (860 BC)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dt><b><a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a>:</b></dt></dl> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_Ur" title="Standard of Ur">Standard of Ur</a> with depictions of war and peace, (2600 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyres_of_Ur" title="Lyres of Ur">Queen's Lyre</a> and gold drinking cup from Queen <a href="/wiki/Puabi" title="Puabi">Puabi</a>'s tomb, (2600 BC)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ram_in_a_Thicket" title="Ram in a Thicket">Ram in a Thicket</a>, one of pair, the other is in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology">Philadelphia</a>, (2600–2400 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Game_of_Ur" title="Royal Game of Ur">The Royal Game of Ur</a>, an ancient game board, (2600–2400 BC)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <dl><dt><b>Wider collection:</b></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plastered_human_skull" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastered human skull">Plastered human skull</a> from Jericho, a very early form of portraiture, Palestine, (7000–6000 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Brak_Head" title="Tell Brak Head">Tell Brak Head</a>, one of the oldest portrait busts from the Middle East, north east Syria, (3500–3300 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_Trough" title="Uruk Trough">Uruk Trough</a>, one of the earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture from the Middle East, southern Iraq, (3300–3000 BC)</li> <li>Pair of inscribed stone objects known as the <a href="/wiki/Blau_Monuments" title="Blau Monuments">Blau Monuments</a> from <a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a>, Iraq, (3100–2700 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Ajjul_gold_hoards" title="Tell el-Ajjul gold hoards">Hoard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> gold jewellery found at the <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> site of <a href="/wiki/Tell_al-Ajjul" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell al-Ajjul">Tell el-Ajjul</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>, (1750–1550 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Idrimi" title="Statue of Idrimi">Statue of Idrimi</a> from the ancient city of Alalakh, southern Turkey, (1600 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a> bowl and ivory cosmetic box in the shape of a fish from Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan, (1250–1150 BC)</li> <li>Group of 16 stone reliefs from the palace of King <a href="/wiki/Kapara" title="Kapara">Kapara</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tell_Halaf" title="Tell Halaf">Tell Halaf</a>, northern Syria, (10th century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_of_Shamash" title="Tablet of Shamash">Tablet of Shamash</a>, depicting the sun-god Shamash, from Sippar, Iraq, (early 9th century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a> lion head from the monument to King <a href="/wiki/Katuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Katuwa">Katuwa</a> at <a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a>, southern Turkey, (9th century BC)</li> <li>Two large <a href="/wiki/Kurkh_Monoliths" title="Kurkh Monoliths">Assyrian stelae</a> from Kurkh, southern Turkey, (850 BC)</li> <li>Seated statue of Kidudu or guardian spirit from the Assyrian city of <a href="/wiki/Assur" title="Assur">Assur</a> under <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a>, Iraq, (835 BC)</li> <li>Basalt bowl with engraved inscription in <a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic Luwian">Hieroglyphic Luwian</a> found at <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, southern Iraq, (8th century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Chronicles" title="Babylonian Chronicles">Babylonian Chronicles</a>, series of tablets recording major events in Babylonian history, <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, Iraq, (8th–3rd centuries BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebna_Inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Shebna Inscription">Shebna Inscription</a> from <a href="/wiki/Siloam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siloam">Siloam</a> near Jerusalem, (7th century BC)</li> <li>Group of 4 bronze shields with inscription of king <a href="/wiki/Rusa_III" title="Rusa III">Rusa III</a> from the temple of <a href="/wiki/Khaldi_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaldi (god)">Khaldi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartian</a> fortress of <a href="/wiki/Toprakkale_(castle)" title="Toprakkale (castle)">Toprakkale</a>, eastern Turkey, (650 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_House_Inscription" title="East India House Inscription">East India House Inscription</a> from <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, Iraq, (604–562 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachish_letters" title="Lachish letters">Lachish Letters</a>, group of <a href="/wiki/Ostraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostraka">ostraka</a> written in alphabetic Hebrew from <a href="/wiki/Lachish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish">Lachish</a>, Israel, (586 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinders_of_Nabonidus" title="Cylinders of Nabonidus">Cylinder of Nabonidus</a>, foundation cylinder of King <a href="/wiki/Nabonidus" title="Nabonidus">Nabonidus</a>, Sippar, Iraq, (555–540 BC)</li> <li>The famous <a href="/wiki/Oxus_Treasure" title="Oxus Treasure">Oxus Treasure</a>, the largest ancient Persian hoard of gold artefacts, (550–330 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_of_Xerxes_I" title="Jar of Xerxes I">Jar of Xerxes I</a>, alabaster <a href="/wiki/Alabastron" title="Alabastron">alabastron</a> with <a href="/wiki/Quadrilingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrilingual">quadrilingual</a> signature of <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a>, found in the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Halicarnassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mausoleum of Halicarnassus">Mausoleum of Halicarnassus</a>, Turkey, (486–465 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idalion_bilingual" title="Idalion bilingual">Idalion Bilingual</a>, bilingual Cypriot-<a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician</a> inscription, key to the decipherment of the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Idalion">Idalion</a>, Cyprus, (388 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic-Libyan_Inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic-Libyan Inscription">Punic-Libyan Inscription</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Libyco-Punic_Mausoleum_of_Dougga" title="Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga">Mausoleum of Ateban</a>, key to the <a href="/wiki/Decipherment" title="Decipherment">decipherment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Numidian_language" title="Numidian language">Numidian language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dougga" title="Dougga">Dougga</a>, Tunisia, (146 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amran_Tablets" title="Amran Tablets">Amran Tablets</a> found near Sana'a, Yemen, (1st century BC)</li> <li>One of the pottery storage jars containing the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> found in a cave near <a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_1" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 1">Qumran</a>, Jordan, (4 BC – 68 AD)</li> <li>Two limestone <a href="/wiki/Ossuary" title="Ossuary">ossuaries</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Nicanor" title="Cave of Nicanor">caves</a> in Jerusalem, (1st century AD)</li> <li>Fragment of a carved basalt <a href="/wiki/Architrave" title="Architrave">architrave</a> depicting a lion's head from the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Garni" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Garni">Temple of Garni</a>, Armenia, (1st century AD)</li> <li>Group of boulders with <a href="/wiki/Safaitic" title="Safaitic">Safaitic</a> inscriptions from Jordan/Syria, one of which was donated by <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Bell" title="Gertrude Bell">Gertrude Bell</a>, (1st–2nd centuries AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian dynasty</a> gold belt-buckle with central <a href="/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Repoussé">repoussé</a> figure of eagle with outstretched wings from <a href="/wiki/Nihavand" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihavand">Nihavand</a>, Iran, (1st–3rd centuries AD)</li> <li>Silver bowl from <a href="/wiki/Khwarezm" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarezm">Khwarezm</a> depicting a <a href="/wiki/Nana_(Kushan_goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nana (Kushan goddess)">four-armed goddess</a> seated on a lion, Kazakhstan, (658 AD)</li> <li>One of the rare <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_glass" title="Hedwig glass">Hedwig glasses</a>, originating from the Middle East or Norman Sicily, (10th–12th centuries AD)</li> <li>Hoard of <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuq</a> artefacts from <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a> including gold cup, silver gilt belt fittings and dress accessories, Iran, (11th–12th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> brass ewers with engraved decoration and inlaid with silver and copper from <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, Afghanistan and <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, Iraq (12th–13th centuries AD)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raminathicket2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 56 – The 'Ram in a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, from Ur, Southern Iraq, c. 2600 BC"><img alt="Room 56 – The 'Ram in a Thicket' figure, one of a pair, from Ur, Southern Iraq, c. 2600 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Raminathicket2.jpg/142px-Raminathicket2.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Raminathicket2.jpg/212px-Raminathicket2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Raminathicket2.jpg/283px-Raminathicket2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="1464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 56 – The '<a href="/wiki/Ram_in_a_Thicket" title="Ram in a Thicket">Ram in a Thicket</a>' figure, one of a pair, from <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a>, Southern Iraq, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2600 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_Ur_-_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 56 – The famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box with scenes of war and peace, from Ur, c. 2600 BC"><img alt="Room 56 – The famous 'Standard of Ur', a hollow wooden box with scenes of war and peace, from Ur, c. 2600 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Standard_of_Ur_-_War.jpg/190px-Standard_of_Ur_-_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Standard_of_Ur_-_War.jpg/285px-Standard_of_Ur_-_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Standard_of_Ur_-_War.jpg/380px-Standard_of_Ur_-_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2202" data-file-height="963" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 56 – The famous '<a href="/wiki/Standard_of_Ur" title="Standard of Ur">Standard of Ur</a>', a hollow wooden box with scenes of war and peace, from <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2600 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Middle_east_14022019_Panel_Imdugud_2500_BC_3640.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 56 - Sculpture of the god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle surmounting a lintel made from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, c. 2500 BC"><img alt="Room 56 - Sculpture of the god Imdugud, lion-headed eagle surmounting a lintel made from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, c. 2500 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/British_Museum_Middle_east_14022019_Panel_Imdugud_2500_BC_3640.jpg/190px-British_Museum_Middle_east_14022019_Panel_Imdugud_2500_BC_3640.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/British_Museum_Middle_east_14022019_Panel_Imdugud_2500_BC_3640.jpg/285px-British_Museum_Middle_east_14022019_Panel_Imdugud_2500_BC_3640.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/British_Museum_Middle_east_14022019_Panel_Imdugud_2500_BC_3640.jpg/380px-British_Museum_Middle_east_14022019_Panel_Imdugud_2500_BC_3640.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4840" data-file-height="2530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 56 - <a href="/wiki/Tell_al-%27Ubaid_Copper_Lintel" title="Tell al-'Ubaid Copper Lintel">Sculpture of the god Imdugud</a>, lion-headed eagle surmounting a lintel made from sheets of copper, Temple of Ninhursag at <a href="/wiki/Tell_al-%27Ubaid" title="Tell al-'Ubaid">Tell al-'Ubaid</a>, Iraq, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2500 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Kurlil_BM_WA114207.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, from the Temple of Ninhursag in Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, c. 2500 BC"><img alt="Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, from the Temple of Ninhursag in Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, c. 2500 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Statue_Kurlil_BM_WA114207.jpg/142px-Statue_Kurlil_BM_WA114207.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Statue_Kurlil_BM_WA114207.jpg/214px-Statue_Kurlil_BM_WA114207.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Statue_Kurlil_BM_WA114207.jpg/285px-Statue_Kurlil_BM_WA114207.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 56 - Statue of Kurlil, from the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Ninhursag" title="Ninhursag">Ninhursag</a> in Tell al-'Ubaid, southern Iraq, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2500 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ishtar_goddess.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 56 – The famous Babylonian 'Queen of the Night relief' of the goddess Ishtar, Iraq, c. 1790 BC"><img alt="Room 56 – The famous Babylonian 'Queen of the Night relief' of the goddess Ishtar, Iraq, c. 1790 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ishtar_goddess.jpg/142px-Ishtar_goddess.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ishtar_goddess.jpg/214px-Ishtar_goddess.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ishtar_goddess.jpg/285px-Ishtar_goddess.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 56 – The famous Babylonian '<a href="/wiki/Burney_Relief" title="Burney Relief">Queen of the Night relief</a>' of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a>, Iraq, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1790 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carved_ivory_depicting_a_woman_at_a_window.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 57 - Carved ivory object from the Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC"><img alt="Room 57 - Carved ivory object from the Nimrud Ivories, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Carved_ivory_depicting_a_woman_at_a_window.jpg/156px-Carved_ivory_depicting_a_woman_at_a_window.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Carved_ivory_depicting_a_woman_at_a_window.jpg/234px-Carved_ivory_depicting_a_woman_at_a_window.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Carved_ivory_depicting_a_woman_at_a_window.jpg/312px-Carved_ivory_depicting_a_woman_at_a_window.jpg 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 57 - Carved ivory object from the <a href="/wiki/Nimrud_Ivories" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimrud Ivories">Nimrud Ivories</a>, Phoenician, Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–8th century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 6 – Depiction of the hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC"><img alt="Room 6 – Depiction of the hypocrite, Jehu, King of Israel on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, Nimrud, c. 827 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg/190px-Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg/285px-Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg/380px-Jehu-on-Obelisk-of-Shalmaneser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 6 – Depiction of the hypocrite, <a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a>, King of Israel on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Obelisk_of_Shalmaneser_III" title="Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III">Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a>, c. 827 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winged_Human-headed_Bulls.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls from Khorsabad, companion pieces in the Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC"><img alt="Room 10 – Human Headed Winged Bulls from Khorsabad, companion pieces in the Musée du Louvre, Iraq, 710–705 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Winged_Human-headed_Bulls.JPG/190px-Winged_Human-headed_Bulls.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Winged_Human-headed_Bulls.JPG/285px-Winged_Human-headed_Bulls.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Winged_Human-headed_Bulls.JPG/380px-Winged_Human-headed_Bulls.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 10 – <a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Human Headed Winged Bulls</a> from <a href="/wiki/Khorsabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorsabad">Khorsabad</a>, companion pieces in the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée du Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a>, Iraq, 710–705 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_ANE_-_RM_55,_Cuneiform_Tablets_Display.1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, including the Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, c. 669–631 BC"><img alt="Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, including the Epic of Gilgamesh, Iraq, c. 669–631 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_55%2C_Cuneiform_Tablets_Display.1.JPG/190px-BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_55%2C_Cuneiform_Tablets_Display.1.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_55%2C_Cuneiform_Tablets_Display.1.JPG/285px-BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_55%2C_Cuneiform_Tablets_Display.1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_55%2C_Cuneiform_Tablets_Display.1.JPG/380px-BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_55%2C_Cuneiform_Tablets_Display.1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 55 – Cuneiform Collection, including the <a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a>, Iraq, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 669</span>–631 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dying_Lion.R.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 55 – Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, c. 645 BC"><img alt="Room 55 – Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal (detail), Nineveh, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, c. 645 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dying_Lion.R.jpg/190px-Dying_Lion.R.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dying_Lion.R.jpg/285px-Dying_Lion.R.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dying_Lion.R.jpg/380px-Dying_Lion.R.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="641" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 55 – <i><a href="/wiki/Lion_Hunt_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal">Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal</a></i> (detail), <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>, Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 645 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BabylonLion-BM.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 55 - Panel with striding lion made from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC"><img alt="Room 55 - Panel with striding lion made from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar II, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/BabylonLion-BM.JPG/190px-BabylonLion-BM.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/BabylonLion-BM.JPG/285px-BabylonLion-BM.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/BabylonLion-BM.JPG/380px-BabylonLion-BM.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 55 - Panel with striding lion made from glazed bricks, Neo-Babylonian, <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a>, Southern Iraq, 604–562 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 52 – A chariot from the Oxus Treasure, the most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC"><img alt="Room 52 – A chariot from the Oxus Treasure, the most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg/190px-Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg/285px-Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg/380px-Britishmuseumoxustreasuregoldchariotmodel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="2229" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 52 – A chariot from the <a href="/wiki/Oxus_Treasure" title="Oxus Treasure">Oxus Treasure</a>, the most important surviving collection of <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Persian</a> metalwork, c. 5th to 4th centuries BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Decorated_column_base_from_Persepolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Court - Decorated column base from Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC"><img alt="Great Court - Decorated column base from Hundred Column Hall, Persepolis, 470–450 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Decorated_column_base_from_Persepolis.jpg/171px-Decorated_column_base_from_Persepolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Decorated_column_base_from_Persepolis.jpg/257px-Decorated_column_base_from_Persepolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Decorated_column_base_from_Persepolis.jpg/343px-Decorated_column_base_from_Persepolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2145" data-file-height="2379" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Great Court - Decorated column base from Hundred Column Hall, <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a>, 470–450 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bmane2002-1-114,1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 53 - Stela said to come from Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD"><img alt="Room 53 - Stela said to come from Tamma' cemetery, Yemen, 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg/190px-Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg/285px-Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg/380px-Bmane2002-1-114%2C1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 53 - Stela said to come from Tamma' cemetery, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, 1st century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Yemen_07d.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD"><img alt="Room 53 - Alabaster statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/British_Museum_Yemen_07d.jpg/85px-British_Museum_Yemen_07d.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/British_Museum_Yemen_07d.jpg/128px-British_Museum_Yemen_07d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/British_Museum_Yemen_07d.jpg/170px-British_Museum_Yemen_07d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="1284" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 53 - <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">Alabaster</a> statue of a standing female figure, Yemen, 1st-2nd centuries AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brass_box_BM_1878_12-30_674.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box with an Arabic inscription recording its manufacture for the ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, c. 1233 – 1259 AD"><img alt="Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box with an Arabic inscription recording its manufacture for the ruler of Mosul, Badr al-Din Lu'lu', Iraq, c. 1233 – 1259 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brass_box_BM_1878_12-30_674.jpg/190px-Brass_box_BM_1878_12-30_674.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brass_box_BM_1878_12-30_674.jpg/285px-Brass_box_BM_1878_12-30_674.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brass_box_BM_1878_12-30_674.jpg/380px-Brass_box_BM_1878_12-30_674.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="2621" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 34 - Cylindrical lidded box with an Arabic inscription recording its manufacture for the ruler of Mosul, <a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_Lu%27lu%27" title="Badr al-Din Lu'lu'">Badr al-Din Lu'lu'</a>, Iraq, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1233</span> – 1259 AD</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Prints_and_Drawings">Department of Prints and Drawings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Department of Prints and Drawings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Department of <a href="/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">Prints</a> and Drawings holds the national collection of <a href="/wiki/Western_art_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Western art history">Western</a> prints and drawings. It ranks as one of the largest and best <a href="/wiki/Print_room" title="Print room">print room</a> collections in existence alongside the <a href="/wiki/Albertina,_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="Albertina, Vienna">Albertina</a> in Vienna, the Paris collections and the <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage</a>. The holdings are easily accessible to the general public in the Study Room, unlike many such collections.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The department also has its own exhibition gallery in Room 90, where the displays and exhibitions change several times a year.<sup id="cite_ref-bmgal_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmgal-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since its foundation in 1808, the prints and drawings collection has grown to international renown as one of the richest and most representative collections in the world. There are approximately 50,000 drawings and over two million prints.<sup id="cite_ref-bmgal_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmgal-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collection of drawings covers the period from the 14th century to the present, and includes many works of the highest quality by the leading artists of the <a href="/wiki/Western_art_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Western art history">European schools</a>. The collection of prints covers the tradition of fine <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a> from its beginnings in the 15th century up to the present, with near complete holdings of most of the great names before the 19th century. Key benefactors to the department have been <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Mordaunt_Cracherode" title="Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode">Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Payne_Knight" title="Richard Payne Knight">Richard Payne Knight</a>, John Malcolm, <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Dodgson" title="Campbell Dodgson">Campbell Dodgson</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Mange_de_Hauke" title="César Mange de Hauke">César Mange de Hauke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Harris" title="Tomás Harris">Tomás Harris</a>. Writer and author <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexander_Fagan" title="Louis Alexander Fagan">Louis Alexander Fagan</a>, who worked in the department 1869–1894 made significant contributions to the department in form of his <i>Handbook to the Department</i>, as well as various other books about the museum in general.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are groups of drawings by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, (including <a href="/wiki/Epifania_(Michelangelo_drawing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epifania (Michelangelo drawing)">his only surviving full-scale cartoon</a>), <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Dürer</a> (a collection of 138 drawings is one of the finest in existence), <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lorrain" title="Claude Lorrain">Claude</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Watteau" title="Antoine Watteau">Watteau</a>, and largely complete collections of the works of all the great printmakers including <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Dürer</a> (99 <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a>, 6 <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etchings</a> and most of his 346 <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcuts</a>), Rembrandt and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a>. More than 30,000 British drawings and <a href="/wiki/Watercolor_painting" title="Watercolor painting">watercolours</a> include important examples of work by <a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">Hogarth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sandby" title="Paul Sandby">Sandby</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Girtin" title="Thomas Girtin">Girtin</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">Constable</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sell_Cotman" title="John Sell Cotman">Cotman</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Cox_(artist)" title="David Cox (artist)">Cox</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Gillray" title="James Gillray">Gillray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rowlandson" title="Thomas Rowlandson">Rowlandson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Towne" title="Francis Towne">Towne</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Cruikshank" title="George Cruikshank">Cruikshank</a>, as well as all the great <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorians</a>. The collection contains the unique set of <a href="/wiki/Watercolours" class="mw-redirect" title="Watercolours">watercolours</a> by the pioneering colonist <a href="/wiki/John_White_(colonist_and_artist)" title="John White (colonist and artist)">John White</a>, the first British artist in America and first European to paint Native Americans. There are about a million British prints including more than 20,000 satires and outstanding collections of works by <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bewick" title="Thomas Bewick">Thomas Bewick</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The great eleven volume <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Political_and_Personal_Satires_Preserved_in_the_Department_of_Prints_and_Drawings_in_the_British_Museum" title="Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum">Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum</a> compiled between 1870 and 1954 is the definitive reference work for the study of British Satirical prints. Over 500,000 objects from the department are now on the online collection database, many with high-quality images.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2011 donation of £1 million enabled the museum to acquire a complete set of <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Vollard_Suite" title="Vollard Suite">Vollard Suite</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-TelegNov11_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelegNov11-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Portrait_of_an_unknown_young_woman_-_British_Museum_180945001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of a Young Woman, c. 1440"><img alt="Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of a Young Woman, c. 1440" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Portrait_of_an_unknown_young_woman_-_British_Museum_180945001.jpg/132px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Portrait_of_an_unknown_young_woman_-_British_Museum_180945001.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Portrait_of_an_unknown_young_woman_-_British_Museum_180945001.jpg/198px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Portrait_of_an_unknown_young_woman_-_British_Museum_180945001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Portrait_of_an_unknown_young_woman_-_British_Museum_180945001.jpg/264px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Portrait_of_an_unknown_young_woman_-_British_Museum_180945001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Young_Woman_(van_der_Weyden)" title="Portrait of a Young Woman (van der Weyden)">Portrait of a Young Woman</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1440</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_fool,_seated_on_a_basket,_about_to_be_shaved_by_a_nun_holding_a_wafer_iron_by_Hieronymus_Bosch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, c. 1477–1516"><img alt="Hieronymus Bosch - A comical barber scene, c. 1477–1516" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/A_fool%2C_seated_on_a_basket%2C_about_to_be_shaved_by_a_nun_holding_a_wafer_iron_by_Hieronymus_Bosch.jpg/190px-A_fool%2C_seated_on_a_basket%2C_about_to_be_shaved_by_a_nun_holding_a_wafer_iron_by_Hieronymus_Bosch.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/A_fool%2C_seated_on_a_basket%2C_about_to_be_shaved_by_a_nun_holding_a_wafer_iron_by_Hieronymus_Bosch.jpg/285px-A_fool%2C_seated_on_a_basket%2C_about_to_be_shaved_by_a_nun_holding_a_wafer_iron_by_Hieronymus_Bosch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/A_fool%2C_seated_on_a_basket%2C_about_to_be_shaved_by_a_nun_holding_a_wafer_iron_by_Hieronymus_Bosch.jpg/380px-A_fool%2C_seated_on_a_basket%2C_about_to_be_shaved_by_a_nun_holding_a_wafer_iron_by_Hieronymus_Bosch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2113" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch" title="Hieronymus Bosch">Hieronymus Bosch</a> - A comical barber scene, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1477</span>–1516</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Botticelli,_allegoria_dell%27abbondanza,_disegno.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sandro Botticelli - Allegory of Abundance, 1480–1485"><img alt="Sandro Botticelli - Allegory of Abundance, 1480–1485" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Botticelli%2C_allegoria_dell%27abbondanza%2C_disegno.jpg/153px-Botticelli%2C_allegoria_dell%27abbondanza%2C_disegno.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Botticelli%2C_allegoria_dell%27abbondanza%2C_disegno.jpg/230px-Botticelli%2C_allegoria_dell%27abbondanza%2C_disegno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Botticelli%2C_allegoria_dell%27abbondanza%2C_disegno.jpg/306px-Botticelli%2C_allegoria_dell%27abbondanza%2C_disegno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="999" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a> - <i>Allegory of Abundance</i>, 1480–1485</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonardo_da_vinci,_Study_for_the_Burlington_House_Cartoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leonardo da Vinci – The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), c. 1499–1500"><img alt="Leonardo da Vinci – The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint John the Baptist (prep for 'The Burlington House Cartoon'), c. 1499–1500" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Leonardo_da_vinci%2C_Study_for_the_Burlington_House_Cartoon.jpg/145px-Leonardo_da_vinci%2C_Study_for_the_Burlington_House_Cartoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Leonardo_da_vinci%2C_Study_for_the_Burlington_House_Cartoon.jpg/217px-Leonardo_da_vinci%2C_Study_for_the_Burlington_House_Cartoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Leonardo_da_vinci%2C_Study_for_the_Burlington_House_Cartoon.jpg/290px-Leonardo_da_vinci%2C_Study_for_the_Burlington_House_Cartoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic views of Mary">Virgin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Child</a> with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Saint Anne</a> and the Infant Saint <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> (prep for '<a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_and_Child_with_St_Anne_and_St_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Virgin and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist">The Burlington House Cartoon</a>'), <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1499</span>–1500</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_study_-_Michelangelo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam in the fresco The Creation of Man on the vault of the Sistine Chapel, c. 1511"><img alt="Michelangelo – Studies of a reclining male nude: Adam in the fresco The Creation of Man on the vault of the Sistine Chapel, c. 1511" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Adam_study_-_Michelangelo.jpg/190px-Adam_study_-_Michelangelo.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Adam_study_-_Michelangelo.jpg/285px-Adam_study_-_Michelangelo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Adam_study_-_Michelangelo.jpg/380px-Adam_study_-_Michelangelo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> – Studies of a reclining male nude: <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> in the fresco <i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam">The Creation of Man</a></i> on the vault of the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1511</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raffaello,_studio_di_testa_di_madonna_e_bambino.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Raphael – Study of Heads, Mother and Child, c. 1509–1511"><img alt="Raphael – Study of Heads, Mother and Child, c. 1509–1511" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Raffaello%2C_studio_di_testa_di_madonna_e_bambino.jpg/138px-Raffaello%2C_studio_di_testa_di_madonna_e_bambino.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Raffaello%2C_studio_di_testa_di_madonna_e_bambino.jpg/206px-Raffaello%2C_studio_di_testa_di_madonna_e_bambino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Raffaello%2C_studio_di_testa_di_madonna_e_bambino.jpg/275px-Raffaello%2C_studio_di_testa_di_madonna_e_bambino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> – <i>Study of Heads, Mother and Child</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1509</span>–1511</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Titian_-_Drowning_of_the_Pharaoh%27s_Host_in_the_Red_Sea_-_WGA22989.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Titian – Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea, 1515–1517"><img alt="Titian – Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea, 1515–1517" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Titian_-_Drowning_of_the_Pharaoh%27s_Host_in_the_Red_Sea_-_WGA22989.jpg/190px-Titian_-_Drowning_of_the_Pharaoh%27s_Host_in_the_Red_Sea_-_WGA22989.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Titian_-_Drowning_of_the_Pharaoh%27s_Host_in_the_Red_Sea_-_WGA22989.jpg/285px-Titian_-_Drowning_of_the_Pharaoh%27s_Host_in_the_Red_Sea_-_WGA22989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Titian_-_Drowning_of_the_Pharaoh%27s_Host_in_the_Red_Sea_-_WGA22989.jpg/380px-Titian_-_Drowning_of_the_Pharaoh%27s_Host_in_the_Red_Sea_-_WGA22989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_Red_Sea" title="Crossing the Red Sea">Drowning of the Pharaoh's Host in the Red Sea</a></i>, 1515–1517</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Walrus_-_WGA07101.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521"><img alt="Albrecht Dürer - Drawing of a walrus, 1521" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Walrus_-_WGA07101.jpg/190px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Walrus_-_WGA07101.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Walrus_-_WGA07101.jpg/285px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Walrus_-_WGA07101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Walrus_-_WGA07101.jpg/380px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Walrus_-_WGA07101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="547" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a> - Drawing of a walrus, 1521</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Lady,_called_Anne_Boleyn,_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hans Holbein the Younger - Portrait of Anne Boleyn, 1536"><img alt="Hans Holbein the Younger - Portrait of Anne Boleyn, 1536" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A_Lady%2C_called_Anne_Boleyn%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/146px-A_Lady%2C_called_Anne_Boleyn%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A_Lady%2C_called_Anne_Boleyn%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/219px-A_Lady%2C_called_Anne_Boleyn%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A_Lady%2C_called_Anne_Boleyn%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/292px-A_Lady%2C_called_Anne_Boleyn%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Hans Holbein the Younger</a> - <i>Portrait of Anne Boleyn</i>, 1536</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joris_and_Jacob_Hoefnagel_-_Allegory_on_Life_and_Death.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joris Hoefnagel and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death, circa 1598"><img alt="Joris Hoefnagel and Jacob Hoefnagel - Allegory on Life and Death, circa 1598" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Joris_and_Jacob_Hoefnagel_-_Allegory_on_Life_and_Death.jpg/190px-Joris_and_Jacob_Hoefnagel_-_Allegory_on_Life_and_Death.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Joris_and_Jacob_Hoefnagel_-_Allegory_on_Life_and_Death.jpg/285px-Joris_and_Jacob_Hoefnagel_-_Allegory_on_Life_and_Death.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Joris_and_Jacob_Hoefnagel_-_Allegory_on_Life_and_Death.jpg/380px-Joris_and_Jacob_Hoefnagel_-_Allegory_on_Life_and_Death.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3536" data-file-height="2541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joris_Hoefnagel" title="Joris Hoefnagel">Joris Hoefnagel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Hoefnagel" title="Jacob Hoefnagel">Jacob Hoefnagel</a> - <i>Allegory on Life and Death</i>, circa 1598</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Study_for_the_figure_of_Christ_on_the_Cross_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross, 1610"><img alt="Peter Paul Rubens - Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross, 1610" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Study_for_the_figure_of_Christ_on_the_Cross_%28cropped%29.jpg/132px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Study_for_the_figure_of_Christ_on_the_Cross_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Study_for_the_figure_of_Christ_on_the_Cross_%28cropped%29.jpg/198px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Study_for_the_figure_of_Christ_on_the_Cross_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Study_for_the_figure_of_Christ_on_the_Cross_%28cropped%29.jpg/265px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Study_for_the_figure_of_Christ_on_the_Cross_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="2359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> - <i>Study for the figure of Christ on the Cross</i>, 1610</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_a_monk,_1625-64,_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n._Drawing,_277_x_196_mm._British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francisco de Zurbarán - Head of a monk, 1625–1664"><img alt="Francisco de Zurbarán - Head of a monk, 1625–1664" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Head_of_a_monk%2C_1625-64%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n._Drawing%2C_277_x_196_mm._British_Museum.jpg/136px-Head_of_a_monk%2C_1625-64%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n._Drawing%2C_277_x_196_mm._British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Head_of_a_monk%2C_1625-64%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n._Drawing%2C_277_x_196_mm._British_Museum.jpg/204px-Head_of_a_monk%2C_1625-64%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n._Drawing%2C_277_x_196_mm._British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Head_of_a_monk%2C_1625-64%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n._Drawing%2C_277_x_196_mm._British_Museum.jpg/272px-Head_of_a_monk%2C_1625-64%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n._Drawing%2C_277_x_196_mm._British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1049" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n" title="Francisco de Zurbarán">Francisco de Zurbarán</a> - <i>Head of a monk</i>, 1625–1664</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drawing_of_mules_by_Claude_Lorrain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, including one full-length, 1630–1640"><img alt="Claude Lorrain - Drawing of mules, including one full-length, 1630–1640" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Drawing_of_mules_by_Claude_Lorrain.jpg/190px-Drawing_of_mules_by_Claude_Lorrain.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Drawing_of_mules_by_Claude_Lorrain.jpg/285px-Drawing_of_mules_by_Claude_Lorrain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Drawing_of_mules_by_Claude_Lorrain.jpg/380px-Drawing_of_mules_by_Claude_Lorrain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="431" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lorrain" title="Claude Lorrain">Claude Lorrain</a> - Drawing of mules, including one full-length, 1630–1640</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Lamentation_at_the_Foot_of_the_Cross_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rembrandt – The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross, 1634–35"><img alt="Rembrandt – The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross, 1634–35" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Lamentation_at_the_Foot_of_the_Cross_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg/190px-The_Lamentation_at_the_Foot_of_the_Cross_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Lamentation_at_the_Foot_of_the_Cross_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg/285px-The_Lamentation_at_the_Foot_of_the_Cross_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Lamentation_at_the_Foot_of_the_Cross_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg/380px-The_Lamentation_at_the_Foot_of_the_Cross_by_Rembrandt_van_Rijn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Lamentation_of_Christ" title="Lamentation of Christ">The Lamentation at the Foot of the Cross</a></i>, 1634–35</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_woman_with_a_rose_drawn_by_Thomas_Gainsborough.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman with a rose, 1763–1765"><img alt="Thomas Gainsborough - Drawing of a woman with a rose, 1763–1765" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/A_woman_with_a_rose_drawn_by_Thomas_Gainsborough.jpg/135px-A_woman_with_a_rose_drawn_by_Thomas_Gainsborough.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/A_woman_with_a_rose_drawn_by_Thomas_Gainsborough.jpg/203px-A_woman_with_a_rose_drawn_by_Thomas_Gainsborough.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/A_woman_with_a_rose_drawn_by_Thomas_Gainsborough.jpg/270px-A_woman_with_a_rose_drawn_by_Thomas_Gainsborough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="2811" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gainsborough" title="Thomas Gainsborough">Thomas Gainsborough</a> - Drawing of a woman with a rose, 1763–1765</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Newport_Castle_by_JMW_Turner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796"><img alt="J. M. W. Turner - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Newport_Castle_by_JMW_Turner.jpg/190px-Newport_Castle_by_JMW_Turner.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Newport_Castle_by_JMW_Turner.jpg/285px-Newport_Castle_by_JMW_Turner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Newport_Castle_by_JMW_Turner.jpg/380px-Newport_Castle_by_JMW_Turner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4377" data-file-height="3331" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a> - Watercolour of Newport Castle, 1796</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_happy_effects_of_that_grand_systom_of_shutting_ports_against_the_English!!.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Isaac Cruikshank - 'The happy effects of that grand system of shutting ports against the English!!', 1808"><img alt="Isaac Cruikshank - 'The happy effects of that grand system of shutting ports against the English!!', 1808" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_happy_effects_of_that_grand_systom_of_shutting_ports_against_the_English%21%21.jpg/190px-The_happy_effects_of_that_grand_systom_of_shutting_ports_against_the_English%21%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_happy_effects_of_that_grand_systom_of_shutting_ports_against_the_English%21%21.jpg/285px-The_happy_effects_of_that_grand_systom_of_shutting_ports_against_the_English%21%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_happy_effects_of_that_grand_systom_of_shutting_ports_against_the_English%21%21.jpg/380px-The_happy_effects_of_that_grand_systom_of_shutting_ports_against_the_English%21%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Cruikshank" title="Isaac Cruikshank">Isaac Cruikshank</a> - 'The happy effects of that grand system of shutting ports against the English!!', 1808</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hampstead_Heath_by_John_Constable_watercolour.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Constable - London from Hampstead Heath in a Storm, (watercolour), 1831"><img alt="John Constable - London from Hampstead Heath in a Storm, (watercolour), 1831" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hampstead_Heath_by_John_Constable_watercolour.jpg/190px-Hampstead_Heath_by_John_Constable_watercolour.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hampstead_Heath_by_John_Constable_watercolour.jpg/285px-Hampstead_Heath_by_John_Constable_watercolour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hampstead_Heath_by_John_Constable_watercolour.jpg/380px-Hampstead_Heath_by_John_Constable_watercolour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a> - <i>London from Hampstead Heath in a Storm</i>, (watercolour), 1831</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Notes_Nocturne_lithograph_by_James_McNeill_Whistler_1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James McNeill Whistler - View of the Battersea side of Chelsea Reach, London, (lithograph), 1878"><img alt="James McNeill Whistler - View of the Battersea side of Chelsea Reach, London, (lithograph), 1878" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Notes_Nocturne_lithograph_by_James_McNeill_Whistler_1878.jpg/190px-Notes_Nocturne_lithograph_by_James_McNeill_Whistler_1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Notes_Nocturne_lithograph_by_James_McNeill_Whistler_1878.jpg/285px-Notes_Nocturne_lithograph_by_James_McNeill_Whistler_1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Notes_Nocturne_lithograph_by_James_McNeill_Whistler_1878.jpg/380px-Notes_Nocturne_lithograph_by_James_McNeill_Whistler_1878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler" title="James McNeill Whistler">James McNeill Whistler</a> - <i>View of the Battersea side of Chelsea Reach</i>, London, (lithograph), 1878</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Van_Gogh_-_In_the_Orchard_-_1883.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vincent van Gogh - Man Digging in the Orchard (print), 1883"><img alt="Vincent van Gogh - Man Digging in the Orchard (print), 1883" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Van_Gogh_-_In_the_Orchard_-_1883.jpg/190px-Van_Gogh_-_In_the_Orchard_-_1883.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Van_Gogh_-_In_the_Orchard_-_1883.jpg/285px-Van_Gogh_-_In_the_Orchard_-_1883.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Van_Gogh_-_In_the_Orchard_-_1883.jpg/380px-Van_Gogh_-_In_the_Orchard_-_1883.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3162" data-file-height="2356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> - Man Digging in the Orchard (print), 1883</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Britain,_Europe_and_Prehistory"><span id="Department_of_Britain.2C_Europe_and_Prehistory"></span>Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_(6425125707).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/British_Museum_%286425125707%29.jpg/250px-British_Museum_%286425125707%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/British_Museum_%286425125707%29.jpg/375px-British_Museum_%286425125707%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/British_Museum_%286425125707%29.jpg/500px-British_Museum_%286425125707%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Gallery 50 – View down the Roman Britain gallery</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waddesdon_Bequest_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Waddesdon_Bequest_%282%29.JPG/250px-Waddesdon_Bequest_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Waddesdon_Bequest_%282%29.JPG/375px-Waddesdon_Bequest_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Waddesdon_Bequest_%282%29.JPG/500px-Waddesdon_Bequest_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Gallery 2a – Display case of Renaissance metalware from the <a href="/wiki/Waddesdon_Bequest" title="Waddesdon Bequest">Waddesdon Bequest</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory is responsible for collections that cover a vast expanse of time and geography. It includes some of the earliest objects made by humans in east Africa over 2 million years ago, as well as <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric">Prehistoric</a> and neolithic objects from other parts of the world; and the art and archaeology of Europe from the earliest times to the present day. Archeological excavation of prehistoric material took off and expanded considerably in the twentieth century and the department now has literally millions of objects from the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> periods throughout the world, as well as from the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> in Europe. Stone Age material from Africa has been donated by famous archaeologists such as <a href="/wiki/Louis_Leakey" title="Louis Leakey">Louis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Leakey" title="Mary Leakey">Mary Leakey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Caton%E2%80%93Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Gertrude Caton–Thompson">Gertrude Caton–Thompson</a>. Paleolithic objects from the <a href="/wiki/William_Allen_Sturge" title="William Allen Sturge">Sturge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Christy" title="Henry Christy">Christy</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Lartet" title="Édouard Lartet">Lartet</a> collections include some of the earliest works of art from Europe. Many Bronze Age objects from across Europe were added during the nineteenth century, often from large collections built up by excavators and scholars such as <a href="/wiki/William_Greenwell" title="William Greenwell">Greenwell</a> in Britain, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tobin" title="Thomas Tobin">Tobin</a> and Cooke in Ireland, <a href="/wiki/William_Collings_Lukis" title="William Collings Lukis">Lukis</a> and de la Grancière in Brittany, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Jacob_Asmussen_Worsaae" title="Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae">Worsaae</a> in Denmark, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Siret" title="Luis Siret">Siret</a> at <a href="/wiki/El_Argar" title="El Argar">El Argar</a> in Spain, and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Klemm" title="Gustav Klemm">Klemm</a> and Edelmann in Germany. A representative selection of Iron Age artefacts from <a href="/wiki/Hallstatt" title="Hallstatt">Hallstatt</a> were acquired as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Evans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Evans">Evans</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Lubbock" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Lubbock">Lubbock</a> excavations and from <a href="/wiki/Giubiasco" title="Giubiasco">Giubiasco</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Museum" title="Swiss National Museum">Swiss National Museum</a>. </p><p>In addition, the British Museum's collections covering the period AD 300 to 1100 are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world, extending from Spain to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and from North Africa to <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>; a representative selection of these has recently been redisplayed in a newly refurbished gallery. Important collections include Latvian, Norwegian, <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotlandic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a> material from <a href="/wiki/Johann_Karl_B%C3%A4hr" title="Johann Karl Bähr">Johann Karl Bähr</a>, Alfred Heneage Cocks, Sir James Curle and Philippe Delamain respectively. However, the undoubted highlight from the early mediaeval period is the magnificent items from the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo">Sutton Hoo</a> royal grave, generously donated to the nation by the landowner <a href="/wiki/Edith_Pretty" title="Edith Pretty">Edith Pretty</a>. The late mediaeval collection includes a large number of <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seal-dies</a> from across Europe, the most famous of which include those from the Town of <a href="/wiki/Boppard" title="Boppard">Boppard</a> in Germany, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Hainault" title="Isabella of Hainault">Isabella of Hainault</a> from her tomb in <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame Cathedral">Notre Dame Cathedral</a>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Inchaffray_Abbey" title="Inchaffray Abbey">Inchaffray Abbey</a> in Scotland and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fitzwalter" title="Robert Fitzwalter">Robert Fitzwalter</a>, one of the Barons who led the revolt against <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John</a> in England. There is also a large collection of medieval signet rings, prominent among them is the gold <a href="/wiki/Signet_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Signet ring">signet ring</a> belonging to <a href="/wiki/Jean_III_de_Grailly" title="Jean III de Grailly">Jean III de Grailly</a> who fought in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, as well as those of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a>. Other groups of artefacts represented in the department include the national collection of (c.100) <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon paintings</a>, most of which originate from the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and Russia, and over 40 mediaeval <a href="/wiki/Astrolabe" title="Astrolabe">astrolabes</a> from across Europe and the Middle East. The department also includes the national collection of <a href="/wiki/Horology" class="mw-redirect" title="Horology">horology</a> with one of the most wide-ranging assemblage of clocks, watches and other timepieces in Europe, with masterpieces from every period in the development of time-keeping. Choice horological pieces came from the <a href="/wiki/Octavius_Morgan" title="Octavius Morgan">Morgan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Courtenay_Adrian_Ilbert" title="Courtenay Adrian Ilbert">Ilbert</a> collections. The department is also responsible for the curation of <a href="/wiki/Romano-British" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-British">Romano-British</a> objects – the museum has by far the most extensive such collection in Britain and one of the most representative regional collections in Europe outside Italy. It is particularly famous for the large number of late Roman silver treasures, many of which were found in <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a>, the most important of which is the <a href="/wiki/Mildenhall_Treasure" title="Mildenhall Treasure">Mildenhall Treasure</a>. The museum purchased many Roman-British objects from the antiquarian <a href="/wiki/Charles_Roach_Smith" title="Charles Roach Smith">Charles Roach Smith</a> in 1856. These quickly formed the nucleus of the collection. The department also includes <a href="/wiki/Ethnographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnographic">ethnographic</a> material from across Europe including a collection of Bulgarian costumes and <a href="/wiki/Shadow_puppet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow puppet">shadow puppets</a> from Greece and Turkey. A particular highlight are the three <a href="/wiki/Sami_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami drum">Sámi drums</a> from northern Sweden of which only about 70 are extant. </p><p>Objects from the Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory are mostly found on the upper floor of the museum, with a suite of galleries numbered from 38 to 51. Most of the collection is stored in its archive facilities, where it is available for research and study. </p><p>Highlights of the collections include: </p><p><b>Stone Age (c. 3.4 million years BC – c. 2000 BC)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic">Palaeolithic</a> material from across Africa, particularly <a href="/wiki/Olduvai_Gorge" title="Olduvai Gorge">Olduvai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalambo_Falls" title="Kalambo Falls">Kalambo Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olorgesailie" title="Olorgesailie">Olorgesailie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Flats" title="Cape Flats">Cape Flats</a>, (1.8 million BC onwards)</li> <li>One of the 11 <a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">leaf-shaped points</a> found near Volgu, <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>, France and estimated to be 16,000 years old<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ice Age art from France including the <a href="/wiki/Wolverine_pendant_of_Les_Eyzies" title="Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies">Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montastruc_decorated_stone_(Palart_518)" title="Montastruc decorated stone (Palart 518)">Montastruc decorated stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">Baton fragment</a>, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 12</span>–11,000 BC)</li> <li>Ice Age art from Britain including the <a href="/wiki/Kendrick%27s_Cave_Decorated_Horse_Jaw" title="Kendrick's Cave Decorated Horse Jaw">decorated jaw</a> from Kendrick and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood_Cave_Horse" title="Robin Hood Cave Horse">Robin Hood Cave Horse</a>, (11,500–10,000 BC)</li> <li>Rare <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">mesolithic</a> artefacts from the site of <a href="/wiki/Star_Carr" title="Star Carr">Star Carr</a> in Yorkshire, northern England, (8770–8460 BC)</li> <li>Terracotta figurine from <a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da-Belo_Brdo" title="Vinča-Belo Brdo">Vinča</a>, Serbia, (5200–4900 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calla%C3%AFs" title="Callaïs">Callaïs</a> bead jewellery from Lannec-er-Ro'h, intact schist bracelet from Le Lizo, <a href="/wiki/Carnac" title="Carnac">Carnac</a> and triangular pendant from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Man%C3%A9-er-Hro%C3%ABk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mané-er-Hroëk (page does not exist)">Mané-er-Hroëk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%C3%A9-er-Hro%C3%ABk" class="extiw" title="de:Mané-er-Hroëk">de</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulus_du_Man%C3%A9_er_Hro%C3%ABck" class="extiw" title="fr:Tumulus du Mané er Hroëck">fr</a>]</span>, Morbihan, Brittany, western France, (5000–4300 BC)</li> <li>Polished <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> axe produced in the Italian Alps and found in <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, Kent, southeast England, (4500–4000 BC)</li> <li>Section of the <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a>, an ancient timber causeway from the Somerset Levels, England, (3807/6 BC)</li> <li>Small collection of <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> finds including a necklace of flat bone beads from <a href="/wiki/Skara_Brae" title="Skara Brae">Skara Brae</a>, Orkneys, northern Scotland, (3180–2500 BC)</li> <li>Representative sample of artefacts (sherds, vessels, etc.) from the megalithic site of <a href="/wiki/Tarxien_Temples" title="Tarxien Temples">Tarxien</a>, Malta, (3150–2500 BC)</li> <li>A number of <a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">carved stone balls</a> from Scotland, Ireland and northern England, (3200–2500 BC)</li> <li>The three <a href="/wiki/Folkton_Drums" title="Folkton Drums">Folkton Drums</a>, made from chalk and found in Yorkshire, northern England, (2600–2100 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Bronze Age (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3300 BC</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 600 BC</span>)</b> </p> <ul><li>Jet beaded necklace from Melfort in <a href="/wiki/Argyll" title="Argyll">Argyll</a>, Scotland, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3000 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_lunula" title="Gold lunula">Gold lunula</a> from <a href="/wiki/Blessington" title="Blessington">Blessington</a>, Ireland, one of twelve from Ireland, England, <a href="/wiki/Llanllyfni_lunula" title="Llanllyfni lunula">LLanllyfini, Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gwithian" title="Gwithian">Gwithian</a>, Cornwall, (2400–2000 BC)</li> <li>Early Bronze Age hoards from <a href="/wiki/Barnack" title="Barnack">Barnack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Driffield" title="Driffield">Driffield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewell,_Bedfordshire" title="Sewell, Bedfordshire">Sewell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snowshill" title="Snowshill">Snowshill</a> in England, <a href="/wiki/Arraiolos" title="Arraiolos">Arraiolos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vendas_Novas" title="Vendas Novas">Vendas Novas</a> in Iberia and <a href="/wiki/Auvernier" title="Auvernier">Auvernier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biecz" title="Biecz">Biecz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neunheilingen" title="Neunheilingen">Neunheilingen</a> in central Europe (2280–1500 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold cape">Mold cape</a>, unique cape made of gold sheet from <a href="/wiki/Mold,_Flintshire" title="Mold, Flintshire">Mold</a>, Wales (1900–1600 BC)</li> <li>Contents of the <a href="/wiki/Rillaton_Barrow" title="Rillaton Barrow">Rillaton Barrow</a> including a gold cup, and the related <a href="/wiki/Ringlemere_Cup" title="Ringlemere Cup">Ringlemere Cup</a>, England, (1700–1500 BC)</li> <li>Bronze Age hoards from <a href="/wiki/Forr%C3%B3,_Northern_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Forró, Northern Hungary">Forró</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paks" title="Paks">Paks</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dunaf%C3%B6ldv%C3%A1r" title="Dunaföldvár">Dunaföldvár</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sz%C5%91ny" title="Szőny">Szőny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zsujta" title="Zsujta">Zsujta</a> in Hungary, (1600–1000 BC)</li> <li>Large ceremonial swords or dirks from <a href="/wiki/Oxborough_Dirk" title="Oxborough Dirk">Oxborough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beaune" title="Beaune">Beaune</a>, western Europe, (1450–1300 BC)</li> <li>Eight bronze shields including those from <a href="/wiki/Moel_Hebog_shield" title="Moel Hebog shield">Moel Hebog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhos_Rydd_Shield" title="Rhos Rydd Shield">Rhyd-y-gors</a>, Wales and <a href="/wiki/Athenry" title="Athenry">Athenry</a>, County Galway, Ireland, (12th–10th centuries BC)</li> <li>Gold hoards from <a href="/wiki/Morvah" title="Morvah">Morvah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Towednack" title="Towednack">Towednack</a> in Cornwall, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Hoard" title="Milton Keynes Hoard">Milton Keynes</a> in Buckinghamshire and <a href="/wiki/Mooghaun_North_Hoard" title="Mooghaun North Hoard">Mooghaun</a> in Ireland, (1150–750 BC)</li> <li>Gold bowl with intricate <a href="/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Repoussé">repoussé</a> decoration from <a href="/wiki/Leer,_Lower_Saxony" title="Leer, Lower Saxony">Leer</a>, Lower Saxony, northern Germany, (1100–800 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunaverney_flesh-hook" title="Dunaverney flesh-hook">Dunaverney flesh-hook</a> found near Ballymoney, Northern Ireland and part of the <a href="/wiki/Dowris_Hoard" title="Dowris Hoard">Dowris Hoard</a> from County Offaly, Ireland, (1050–900 BC & 900–600 BC)</li> <li>Late Bronze Age gold hoards from <a href="/wiki/Abia_de_la_Obispal%C3%ADa" title="Abia de la Obispalía">Abia de la Obispalía</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a>, Spain and an intricate <a href="/wiki/Sintra_Collar" title="Sintra Collar">gold collar</a> from Sintra, Portugal, (10th–8th centuries BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_bulla" title="Shropshire bulla">Shropshire bulla</a>, gold pendant decorated with intricately carved geometric designs, (1000–750 BC) </li> <li>Part of a copper alloy <a href="/wiki/Lur" title="Lur">lur</a> from <a href="/wiki/%C3%85rslev" title="Årslev">Årslev</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a>, Denmark, one of only about 40 extant and the <a href="/wiki/Dunmanway" title="Dunmanway">Dunmanway</a> Horn from County Cork, Ireland (900–750 BC)</li> <li>Gold bowl with embossed ornament and fluted wire <a href="/wiki/Handle" title="Handle">handle</a> from <a href="/wiki/Angyalf%C3%B6ld" title="Angyalföld">Angyalföld</a>, Budapest, Hungary, (800–600 BC)</li></ul> <p><b>Iron Age (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 600 BC</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1st century AD</span>)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse_Yutz_Flagons" title="Basse Yutz Flagons">Basse Yutz Flagons</a>, a pair of bronze drinking vessels from Moselle, eastern France, (5th century BC)</li> <li>Morel collection of La Tène material from eastern France, including the <a href="/wiki/Somme-Bionne" title="Somme-Bionne">Somme-Bionne</a> chariot burial and the <a href="/wiki/Prunay" title="Prunay">Prunay</a> Vase, (450-300BC)</li> <li>Important finds from the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Battersea_Shield" title="Battersea Shield">Battersea</a>, Chertsey and <a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Shield" title="Wandsworth Shield">Wandsworth</a> shields and <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Helmet" title="Waterloo Helmet">Waterloo Helmet</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Witham_Shield" title="Witham Shield">Witham Shield</a> from Lincolnshire, eastern England, (350–50 BC)</li> <li>Bronze <a href="/wiki/Scabbard" title="Scabbard">scabbard</a> with <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène</a> engraved decoration, found at Lisnacrogher <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bog</a>, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, (300–200 BC)</li> <li>Pair of gold collars called the <a href="/wiki/Orense_Torcs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orense Torcs">Orense Torcs</a> from northwest Spain, (300–150 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras_culture" title="Arras culture">Arras culture</a> items from <a href="/wiki/Chariot_burial" title="Chariot burial">chariot burials</a> in the Lady's Barrow near <a href="/wiki/Market_Weighton" title="Market Weighton">Market Weighton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wetwang_Slack" title="Wetwang Slack">Wetwang Slack</a>, Yorkshire, (300 BC – 100 BC)</li> <li>Other gold neck collars including the <a href="/wiki/Ipswich_Hoard" title="Ipswich Hoard">Ipswich Hoard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sedgeford_Torc" title="Sedgeford Torc">Sedgeford Torc</a>, England, (200–50 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Hoard" title="Winchester Hoard">Winchester Hoard</a> of gold jewellery from southern England and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Torc_from_Snettisham" title="Great Torc from Snettisham">Great Torc from Snettisham</a> in Norfolk, East Anglia, (100 BC)</li> <li>Eight out of about thirty extant intact <a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Celtic</a> bronze mirrors with <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène</a> decoration including those from <a href="/wiki/Aston,_Hertfordshire" title="Aston, Hertfordshire">Aston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chettle" title="Chettle">Chettle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desborough" title="Desborough">Desborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holcombe,_Teignbridge" title="Holcombe, Teignbridge">Holcombe</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Keverne" title="St Keverne">St Keverne</a> in England, (100 BC – 100 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordoba_Treasure" title="Cordoba Treasure">Cordoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arcillera" title="Arcillera">Arcillera</a> Treasures, two silver Celtic hoards from Spain, (100–20 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave" title="Grave">Grave</a> find of ornately decorated bronze <a href="/wiki/Bucket" title="Bucket">bucket</a> with human shaped handles, a pan, jug, three brooches and at least four pottery vessels from <a href="/wiki/Aylesford" title="Aylesford">Aylesford</a>, Kent, (75 BC – 25 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindow_Man" title="Lindow Man">Lindow Man</a> found by accident in a peat bog in Cheshire, England, (1st century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanwick_Iron_Age_Fortifications" title="Stanwick Iron Age Fortifications">Stanwick</a> Hoard of horse and chariot fittings and the <a href="/wiki/Meyrick_Helmet" title="Meyrick Helmet">Meyrick Helmet</a>, northern England, (1st century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène</a> silver hinged brooch from <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kesfeh%C3%A9rv%C3%A1r" title="Székesfehérvár">Székesfehérvár</a>, Hungary, (1–100 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochar_Moss_Torc" title="Lochar Moss Torc">Lochar Moss Torc</a> and two pairs of massive bronze armlets from <a href="/wiki/Muthill" title="Muthill">Muthill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strathdon" title="Strathdon">Strathdon</a>, Scotland, (50–200 AD)</li></ul> <p><b>Romano-British (43 AD – 410 AD)</b> </p> <ul><li>Tombstone of Roman procurator <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Alpinus_Classicianus" title="Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus">Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus</a> from London, (1st century)</li> <li>Ribbed glass bowl found in a grave at <a href="/wiki/Radnage" title="Radnage">Radnage</a>, Buckinghamshire, (1st century)</li> <li>Large <a href="/wiki/Milestone" title="Milestone">milestone</a> marker with inscription from the reign of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> from <a href="/wiki/Llanfairfechan" title="Llanfairfechan">Llanfairfechan</a>, Gwynedd in North Wales, (120–121 AD) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribchester_Helmet" title="Ribchester Helmet">Ribchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guisborough_Helmet" title="Guisborough Helmet">Guisborough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Witcham" title="Witcham">Witcham</a> helmets once worn by Roman cavalry in Britain, (1st–2nd centuries)</li> <li>Elaborate gold bracelets and ring found near <a href="/wiki/Rhayader" title="Rhayader">Rhayader</a>, central Wales, (1st–2nd centuries)</li> <li>Hoard of gold jewellery found at <a href="/wiki/Dolaucothi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolaucothi">Dolaucothi</a> mine in <a href="/wiki/Carmarthenshire" title="Carmarthenshire">Carmarthenshire</a>, Wales, (1st–2nd centuries)</li> <li>Bronze heads of the Roman emperors <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, found in London and Suffolk, (1st–2nd centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindolanda_Tablets" class="mw-redirect" title="Vindolanda Tablets">Vindolanda Tablets</a>, important historical documents found near Hadrian's Wall in Northumberland, (1st–2nd centuries)</li> <li>Head of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (god)">Mercury</a> from Roman-Celtic Temple at <a href="/wiki/Uley" title="Uley">Uley</a>, Gloucestershire and limestone head from <a href="/wiki/Towcester" title="Towcester">Towcester</a>, Northamptonshire (2nd–4th centuries)</li> <li>Wall-paintings and sculptures from the <a href="/wiki/Lullingstone_Roman_villa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lullingstone Roman villa">Roman Villa</a> at Lullingstone, Kent, south east England, 1st–4th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capheaton_Treasure" title="Capheaton Treasure">Capheaton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Backworth" title="Backworth">Backworth</a> treasures, remnants of two important hoards from northern England, (2nd–3rd centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_hoards" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Keynes hoards">Stony Stratford Hoard</a> of copper headdresses, fibulae and silver votive plaques, central England, (3rd century)</li> <li>Square silver <a href="/wiki/Platter_(dishware)" title="Platter (dishware)">dish</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mileham" title="Mileham">Mileham</a> in Norfolk, (4th century)</li> <li>Gold jewellery deposited at the site of <a href="/wiki/Newgrange" title="Newgrange">Newgrange</a>, Ireland, (4th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetford_Hoard" title="Thetford Hoard">Thetford Hoard</a>, late Roman jewellery from eastern England, (4th century)</li></ul> <p><b>Early Mediaeval (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 4th century AD</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1000 AD</span>)</b> </p> <ul><li>One of five <a href="/wiki/Generosity" title="Generosity">Largitio</a> silver dishes of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a> found at <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>, Serbia and a hexagonal gold coin-set pendant of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a>, (Early 4th century AD)</li> <li>Two wooden ship <a href="/wiki/Figurehead_(object)" title="Figurehead (object)">figureheads</a> dredged from the <a href="/wiki/River_Scheldt" class="mw-redirect" title="River Scheldt">River Scheldt</a> at <a href="/wiki/Moerzeke" title="Moerzeke">Moerzeke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Appels" title="Appels">Appels</a>, Belgium, (4th–6th centuries)</li> <li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Asyut_Treasure" title="Asyut Treasure">Asyut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domagnano_Treasure" title="Domagnano Treasure">Domagnano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artres_Treasure" title="Artres Treasure">Artres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutri_Treasure" title="Sutri Treasure">Sutri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergamo_Treasure" title="Bergamo Treasure">Bergamo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belluno_Treasure" title="Belluno Treasure">Belluno</a> Treasures, (4th–7th centuries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_Cup" title="Lycurgus Cup">Lycurgus Cup</a>, a unique figurative glass cage cup, and the Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Archangel_ivory" title="Archangel ivory">Archangel ivory</a> panel, (4th–6th centuries)</li> <li>Three large <a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a> stones from the Roofs More <a href="/wiki/Ringfort" title="Ringfort">Rath</a>, County Cork, Ireland, (5th–7th centuries)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo">Sutton Hoo</a> treasure, <a href="/wiki/Taplow_burial" class="mw-redirect" title="Taplow burial">Taplow burial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crundale,_Kent" title="Crundale, Kent">Crundale</a> grave objects with some of the greatest finds from the early Middle Ages in Europe, England, (6th–7th centuries)</li> <li>One of the <a href="/wiki/Burghead_Fort" title="Burghead Fort">Burghead</a> Bulls, <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictish</a> stone relief from northeast Scotland, (7th–8th centuries)</li> <li>Three Viking hoards from Norway known as the <a href="/wiki/Lilleberge_Viking_Burial" title="Lilleberge Viking Burial">Lilleberge Viking Burial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8_Burial" title="Tromsø Burial">Tromsø Burial</a> and Villa Farm barrow burial in <a href="/wiki/Vestnes" title="Vestnes">Vestnes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Borve,_Barra" title="Borve, Barra">Ardvouray</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_hoards_in_the_Isle_of_Man#Viking_hoards" title="List of hoards in the Isle of Man">Ballaquayle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuerdale_Hoard" title="Cuerdale Hoard">Cuerdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldsborough,_Harrogate" title="Goldsborough, Harrogate">Goldsborough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_York_Hoard" title="Vale of York Hoard">Vale of York</a> hoards from Britain, (7th–10th centuries)</li> <li>Irish reliquaries such as the <a href="/wiki/Kells_Crozier" title="Kells Crozier">Kells Crozier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Shrine_of_St._Cuile%C3%A1in" title="Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin">Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bell_Shrine_of_Conall_Cael" title="Bell Shrine of Conall Cael">St Conall Cael's Shrine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Inishkeel" title="Inishkeel">Inishkeel</a>, (7th–11th centuries)</li> <li>Early Anglo Saxon <a href="/wiki/Franks_Casket" title="Franks Casket">Franks Casket</a>, a unique ivory container from northern England, (8th century)</li> <li>T-shaped <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a> antler container with carved geometric interlace and zigzag decoration, found near <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCneck_Castle" title="Grüneck Castle">Grüneck Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilanz" title="Ilanz">Ilanz</a>, Switzerland, (8th–9th centuries)</li> <li>A number of luxurious penannular brooches such as the <a href="/wiki/Londesborough_Brooch" title="Londesborough Brooch">Londesborough Brooch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breadalbane_Brooch" title="Breadalbane Brooch">Breadalbane Brooch</a> and those from the <a href="/wiki/Penrith_Hoard" title="Penrith Hoard">Penrith Hoard</a>, British Isles, (8th–9th centuries)</li> <li>Three of the twenty extant Carolingian crystal <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">intaglios</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Lothair_Crystal" title="Lothair Crystal">Lothair Crystal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> engraved gem with crucifixion and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis_Crystal" title="Saint-Denis Crystal">Saint-Denis Crystal</a>, central Europe, (9th century)</li> <li>Anglo-Saxon <a href="/wiki/Fuller_Brooch" title="Fuller Brooch">Fuller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strickland_Brooch" title="Strickland Brooch">Strickland</a> Brooches with their complex, niello-inlaid design, England, (9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seax_of_Beagnoth" title="Seax of Beagnoth">Seax of Beagnoth</a>, iron sword with long <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon Runic</a> inscription, London, England, (10th century)</li></ul> <p><b>Mediaeval (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1000 AD</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500 AD</span>)</b> </p> <ul><li>A number of mediaeval ivory panels including the <a href="/wiki/Borradaile_Triptych" title="Borradaile Triptych">Borradaile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wernher_Triptych" title="Wernher Triptych">Wernher</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Grandisson_Triptych" title="John Grandisson Triptych">John Grandisson</a> Triptychs, (10th–14th centuries)</li> <li>Several <a href="/wiki/Olifant_(instrument)" title="Olifant (instrument)">elephant ivory horns</a> including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borradaile_Horn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borradaile Horn (page does not exist)">Borradaile Horn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olifante_de_Borradaile" class="extiw" title="es:Olifante de Borradaile">es</a>]</span>, Clephane Horn and <a href="/wiki/Savernake_Horn" title="Savernake Horn">Savernake Horn</a>, (11th–12th centuries)</li> <li>The famous <a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a> found in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, (12th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliquary_of_St._Eustace" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliquary of St. Eustace">Reliquary of St. Eustace</a> from the treasury of Basel Munster, Switzerland and fragments of a rare <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> crucifix from <a href="/wiki/Church_of_All_Hallows,_South_Cerney" title="Church of All Hallows, South Cerney">South Cerney</a>, England, (12th century)</li> <li>Armenian stone-cross or <a href="/wiki/Khachkar" title="Khachkar">Khachkar</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Noratus_cemetery" title="Noratus cemetery">Noratus cemetery</a> in Armenia, (1225 AD)</li> <li>Items from the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Cathedral" title="Palermo Cathedral">Palermo Cathedral</a>, Sicily, including his <a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">mitre</a>, silk <a href="/wiki/Pall_(funeral)" title="Pall (funeral)">pall</a> and shoe, (late 12th century)</li> <li>The unique <a href="/wiki/Warwick_Castle" title="Warwick Castle">Warwick Castle</a> <a href="/wiki/Citole" title="Citole">Citole</a>, an early form of guitar, central England, (1280–1330)</li> <li>Set of 10 wooden door panels engraved with Christian scenes from the <a href="/wiki/Hanging_Church" title="Hanging Church">Hanging Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Old_Cairo" title="Old Cairo">Old Cairo</a>, Egypt, (1300)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asante_Jug" class="mw-redirect" title="Asante Jug">Asante Jug</a>, mysteriously found at the <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Asante</a> Court in the late 19th century, England, (1390–1400)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Thorn_Reliquary" title="Holy Thorn Reliquary">Holy Thorn Reliquary</a> bequeathed by Ferdinand de Rothschild as part of the <a href="/wiki/Waddesdon_Bequest" title="Waddesdon Bequest">Waddesdon Bequest</a>, Paris, France, (14th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstable_Swan_Jewel" title="Dunstable Swan Jewel">Dunstable Swan Jewel</a>, a gold and enamel brooch in the form of a swan, England, (14th century)</li> <li>A silver <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Astrolabe_Quadrant" title="Canterbury Astrolabe Quadrant">astrolabe quadrant</a> from Canterbury, southeastern England, (14th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcis" title="Chalcis">Chalcis</a> treasure of jewellery, dress accessories and silver plate from the island of <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, Greece, (14th–15th centuries)</li> <li>Magnificent cups made from precious metal such as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gold_Cup" title="Royal Gold Cup">Royal Gold Cup</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lacock_Cup" title="Lacock Cup">Lacock Cup</a>, western Europe, (14th–15th centuries)</li> <li>Complete church altar set from <a href="/wiki/Medina_de_Pomar" title="Medina de Pomar">Medina de Pomar</a> near Burgos, Spain (1455 AD)</li></ul> <p><b>Renaissance to Modern (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500 AD</span> – present)</b> </p> <ul><li>Two luxurious silver brooches set with precious stones from <a href="/wiki/Glen_Lyon" title="Glen Lyon">Glen Lyon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lochbuie,_Mull" title="Lochbuie, Mull">Lochbuie</a>, Scotland (early 16th century)</li> <li>Intricately decorated <a href="/wiki/Ghisi_Shield" title="Ghisi Shield">parade shield</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Ghisi" title="Giorgio Ghisi">Giorgio Ghisi</a> from Mantua, Italy, (1554 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Armada_Service" title="The Armada Service">The Armada Service</a>, 26 silver dishes found in Devon, south west England, (late 16th to early 17th centuries)</li> <li>Early Renaissance <i>Lyte Jewel</i>, presented to Thomas Lyte of <a href="/wiki/Lytes_Cary" title="Lytes Cary">Lytes Cary</a>, Somerset by <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James I</a> of England, (1610)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> silver from the Peter Wilding bequest, England, (18th century)</li> <li>Pair of so-called <i>Cleopatra Vases</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_porcelain_factory" title="Chelsea porcelain factory">Chelsea porcelain factory</a>, London, England, (1763)</li> <li>Jaspar ware vase known as the <i>Pegasus Vase</i> made by <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Wedgwood" title="Josiah Wedgwood">Josiah Wedgwood</a>, England, (1786)</li> <li>Two of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_chronometer_from_HMS_Beagle" title="Ship's chronometer from HMS Beagle">chronometers</a> used on the voyage of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Beagle" title="HMS Beagle">HMS Beagle</a>, (1795–1805)</li> <li>The Hull Grundy Gift of jewellery, Europe and North America, (19th century)</li> <li>Oak clock with mother-of-pearl engraving designed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh" title="Charles Rennie Mackintosh">Charles Rennie Mackintosh</a>, (1919)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silver_tea-infuser_MT_49&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silver tea-infuser MT 49 (page does not exist)">Silver tea-infuser MT 49</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tee-Extraktk%C3%A4nnchen_MT_49" class="extiw" title="de:Tee-Extraktkännchen MT 49">de</a>]</span> designed by <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Brandt" title="Marianne Brandt">Marianne Brandt</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> art school, Germany, (1924)</li> <li>The <i>Rosetta Vase</i>, earthenware pottery vase designed by the contemporary British artist <a href="/wiki/Grayson_Perry" title="Grayson Perry">Grayson Perry</a>, (2011)</li></ul> <p>The many hoards of treasure include those of <a href="/wiki/Esquiline_Treasure" title="Esquiline Treasure">Esquiline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carthage_Treasure" title="Carthage Treasure">Carthage</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Cyprus_Treasure" title="First Cyprus Treasure">First Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hockwold_cum_Wilton" title="Hockwold cum Wilton">Hockwold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoxne_Hoard" title="Hoxne Hoard">Hoxne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lampsacus_Treasure" title="Lampsacus Treasure">Lampsacus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mildenhall_Treasure" title="Mildenhall Treasure">Mildenhall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_York_Hoard" title="Vale of York Hoard">Vale of York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_Newton_Treasure" title="Water Newton Treasure">Water Newton</a>, (4th–10th centuries AD) </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Olduvai_handaxe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, c. 1.2 million years BC"><img alt="Room 2 – Handaxe, Lower Palaeolithic, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, c. 1.2 million years BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/British_Museum_Olduvai_handaxe.jpg/94px-British_Museum_Olduvai_handaxe.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/British_Museum_Olduvai_handaxe.jpg/141px-British_Museum_Olduvai_handaxe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/British_Museum_Olduvai_handaxe.jpg/188px-British_Museum_Olduvai_handaxe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="2575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 2 – <a href="/wiki/Handaxe" class="mw-redirect" title="Handaxe">Handaxe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Palaeolithic">Lower Palaeolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olduvai_Gorge" title="Olduvai Gorge">Olduvai Gorge</a>, Tanzania, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1.2 million years BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sleeping_Reindeer_4512630872_d31dcb1207_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, c. 13,000 years BC[87]"><img alt="Room 3 – Swimming Reindeer carving, France, c. 13,000 years BC[87]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sleeping_Reindeer_4512630872_d31dcb1207_o.jpg/190px-Sleeping_Reindeer_4512630872_d31dcb1207_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sleeping_Reindeer_4512630872_d31dcb1207_o.jpg/285px-Sleeping_Reindeer_4512630872_d31dcb1207_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sleeping_Reindeer_4512630872_d31dcb1207_o.jpg/380px-Sleeping_Reindeer_4512630872_d31dcb1207_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3489" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 3 – <a href="/wiki/Swimming_Reindeer" title="Swimming Reindeer">Swimming Reindeer</a> carving, France, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 13,000 years BC</span><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ain_Sakhri_Lovers_-_British_Museum_-_Joy_of_Museums.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, from the cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, c. 9000 BC[88]"><img alt="Room 2 – Ain Sakhri lovers, from the cave of Ain Sakhri, near Bethlehem, c. 9000 BC[88]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ain_Sakhri_Lovers_-_British_Museum_-_Joy_of_Museums.jpg/131px-Ain_Sakhri_Lovers_-_British_Museum_-_Joy_of_Museums.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ain_Sakhri_Lovers_-_British_Museum_-_Joy_of_Museums.jpg/196px-Ain_Sakhri_Lovers_-_British_Museum_-_Joy_of_Museums.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ain_Sakhri_Lovers_-_British_Museum_-_Joy_of_Museums.jpg/262px-Ain_Sakhri_Lovers_-_British_Museum_-_Joy_of_Museums.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3222" data-file-height="4679" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 2 – <a href="/wiki/Ain_Sakhri_lovers" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Sakhri lovers">Ain Sakhri lovers</a>, from the cave of <a href="/wiki/Ain_Sakhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Sakhri">Ain Sakhri</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 9000 BC</span><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_gold_thing_501594_fh000035.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, c. 1900–1600 BC"><img alt="Room 51 – Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, c. 1900–1600 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/British_Museum_gold_thing_501594_fh000035.jpg/190px-British_Museum_gold_thing_501594_fh000035.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/British_Museum_gold_thing_501594_fh000035.jpg/285px-British_Museum_gold_thing_501594_fh000035.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/British_Museum_gold_thing_501594_fh000035.jpg/380px-British_Museum_gold_thing_501594_fh000035.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 51 – <a href="/wiki/Mold_cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold cape">Mold gold cape</a>, North Wales, Bronze Age, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span>–1600 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wandsworth_Shield.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC"><img alt="Room 50 – Wandsworth Shield, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wandsworth_Shield.png/190px-Wandsworth_Shield.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wandsworth_Shield.png/285px-Wandsworth_Shield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wandsworth_Shield.png/380px-Wandsworth_Shield.png 2x" data-file-width="2920" data-file-height="2824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 50 – <a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Shield" title="Wandsworth Shield">Wandsworth Shield</a>, Iron Age shield boss in La Tène style, England, 2nd century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 50 – Gold torc found in Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC"><img alt="Room 50 – Gold torc found in Needwood Forest, central England, 75 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG/190px-IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG/285px-IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG/380px-IronAgeTorcBritishMuseum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 50 – Gold torc found in <a href="/wiki/Needwood_Forest" title="Needwood Forest">Needwood Forest</a>, central England, 75 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_emperor_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor Claudius, from Rendham in Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD"><img alt="Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor Claudius, from Rendham in Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Roman_emperor_head.jpg/126px-Roman_emperor_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Roman_emperor_head.jpg/190px-Roman_emperor_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Roman_emperor_head.jpg/253px-Roman_emperor_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 49 - Bronze head of a Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, from Rendham in Suffolk, eastern England, 1st century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Romano-British_crown_and_diadem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 49 – Romano-British crown and diadem found in Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD"><img alt="Room 49 – Romano-British crown and diadem found in Hockwold cum Wilton, England 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Romano-British_crown_and_diadem.jpg/190px-Romano-British_crown_and_diadem.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Romano-British_crown_and_diadem.jpg/285px-Romano-British_crown_and_diadem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Romano-British_crown_and_diadem.jpg/380px-Romano-British_crown_and_diadem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3467" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 49 – Romano-British crown and diadem found in <a href="/wiki/Hockwold_cum_Wilton" title="Hockwold cum Wilton">Hockwold cum Wilton</a>, England 1st century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic2_-_plw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic with face of Christ in the centre, from Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD"><img alt="Room 49 – Hinton St Mary Mosaic with face of Christ in the centre, from Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mosaic2_-_plw.jpg/190px-Mosaic2_-_plw.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mosaic2_-_plw.jpg/285px-Mosaic2_-_plw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mosaic2_-_plw.jpg/380px-Mosaic2_-_plw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="745" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 49 – <a href="/wiki/Hinton_St_Mary_Mosaic" title="Hinton St Mary Mosaic">Hinton St Mary Mosaic</a> with face of Christ in the centre, from Dorset, southern England, 4th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corbridge_lanx.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray depicting a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD"><img alt="Room 49 – Corbridge Lanx, silver tray depicting a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Corbridge_lanx.jpg/190px-Corbridge_lanx.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Corbridge_lanx.jpg/285px-Corbridge_lanx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Corbridge_lanx.jpg/380px-Corbridge_lanx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 49 – <a href="/wiki/Corbridge_Lanx" title="Corbridge Lanx">Corbridge Lanx</a>, silver tray depicting a shrine to Apollo, northern England, 4th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Coleraine_Hoard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 41 – Silver objects from the Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD"><img alt="Room 41 – Silver objects from the Roman Coleraine Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/British_Museum_Coleraine_Hoard.jpg/161px-British_Museum_Coleraine_Hoard.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/British_Museum_Coleraine_Hoard.jpg/242px-British_Museum_Coleraine_Hoard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/British_Museum_Coleraine_Hoard.jpg/323px-British_Museum_Coleraine_Hoard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="2206" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 41 – Silver objects from the Roman <a href="/wiki/Coleraine" title="Coleraine">Coleraine</a> Hoard, Northern Ireland, 4th-5th centuries AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD"><img alt="Room 41 – Sutton Hoo helmet, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/133px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png" decoding="async" width="133" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/199px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/265px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="1949" data-file-height="2791" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 41 – <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet</a>, Anglo-Saxon, England, early 7th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_and_Child_BM_PE1978-05.02-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 40 – Ivory statue of Virgin and Child, who is crushing a dragon under her left foot from Paris, France, 1310-1330 AD"><img alt="Room 40 – Ivory statue of Virgin and Child, who is crushing a dragon under her left foot from Paris, France, 1310-1330 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Virgin_and_Child_BM_PE1978-05.02-3.jpg/103px-Virgin_and_Child_BM_PE1978-05.02-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Virgin_and_Child_BM_PE1978-05.02-3.jpg/155px-Virgin_and_Child_BM_PE1978-05.02-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Virgin_and_Child_BM_PE1978-05.02-3.jpg/207px-Virgin_and_Child_BM_PE1978-05.02-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 40 – Ivory statue of <a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin and Child">Virgin and Child</a>, who is crushing a dragon under her left foot from Paris, France, 1310-1330 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaucer_Astrolabe_BM_1909.6-17.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, the oldest dated in Europe, 1326 AD"><img alt="Room 40 – Chaucer Astrolabe, the oldest dated in Europe, 1326 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Chaucer_Astrolabe_BM_1909.6-17.1.jpg/190px-Chaucer_Astrolabe_BM_1909.6-17.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Chaucer_Astrolabe_BM_1909.6-17.1.jpg/285px-Chaucer_Astrolabe_BM_1909.6-17.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Chaucer_Astrolabe_BM_1909.6-17.1.jpg/380px-Chaucer_Astrolabe_BM_1909.6-17.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1924" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 40 – Chaucer <a href="/wiki/Astrolabe" title="Astrolabe">Astrolabe</a>, the oldest dated in Europe, 1326 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Royal_Gold_Cup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup or Saint Agnes Cup, made in Paris, France, 1370–80 AD"><img alt="Room 40 – Royal Gold Cup or Saint Agnes Cup, made in Paris, France, 1370–80 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/British_Museum_Royal_Gold_Cup.jpg/136px-British_Museum_Royal_Gold_Cup.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/British_Museum_Royal_Gold_Cup.jpg/203px-British_Museum_Royal_Gold_Cup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/British_Museum_Royal_Gold_Cup.jpg/271px-British_Museum_Royal_Gold_Cup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2284" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 40 – <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gold_Cup" title="Royal Gold Cup">Royal Gold Cup</a> or <a href="/wiki/Saint_Agnes_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Agnes Cup">Saint Agnes Cup</a>, made in Paris, France, 1370–80 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Thorn_Reliquary_front_2018_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, made in Paris, c. 1390s AD"><img alt="Room 2a – Holy Thorn Reliquary, made in Paris, c. 1390s AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Holy_Thorn_Reliquary_front_2018_%28cropped%29.JPG/96px-Holy_Thorn_Reliquary_front_2018_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="96" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Holy_Thorn_Reliquary_front_2018_%28cropped%29.JPG/144px-Holy_Thorn_Reliquary_front_2018_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Holy_Thorn_Reliquary_front_2018_%28cropped%29.JPG/192px-Holy_Thorn_Reliquary_front_2018_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2138" data-file-height="4218" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 2a – <a href="/wiki/Holy_Thorn_Reliquary" title="Holy Thorn Reliquary">Holy Thorn Reliquary</a>, made in Paris, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1390s AD</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ship_Clock_at_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD"><img alt="Room 38 – Mechanical Galleon clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ship_Clock_at_British_Museum.jpg/190px-Ship_Clock_at_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ship_Clock_at_British_Museum.jpg/285px-Ship_Clock_at_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ship_Clock_at_British_Museum.jpg/380px-Ship_Clock_at_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 38 – <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_Galleon" title="Mechanical Galleon">Mechanical Galleon</a> clock, Augsburg, Germany, around 1585 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carillon_Clock_with_Automata,_by_Isaac_Habrecht_-_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 38 – Carillon clock with automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD"><img alt="Room 38 – Carillon clock with automata by Isaac Habrecht, Switzerland, 1589 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Carillon_Clock_with_Automata%2C_by_Isaac_Habrecht_-_British_Museum.jpg/113px-Carillon_Clock_with_Automata%2C_by_Isaac_Habrecht_-_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Carillon_Clock_with_Automata%2C_by_Isaac_Habrecht_-_British_Museum.jpg/170px-Carillon_Clock_with_Automata%2C_by_Isaac_Habrecht_-_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Carillon_Clock_with_Automata%2C_by_Isaac_Habrecht_-_British_Museum.jpg/227px-Carillon_Clock_with_Automata%2C_by_Isaac_Habrecht_-_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 38 – Carillon clock with automata by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_and_Josias_Habrecht" title="Isaac and Josias Habrecht">Isaac Habrecht</a>, Switzerland, 1589 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inside_the_British_Museum,_London_-_DSC04228.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 39 – Ornate clock made by Thomas Tompion, England, 1690 AD"><img alt="Room 39 – Ornate clock made by Thomas Tompion, England, 1690 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Inside_the_British_Museum%2C_London_-_DSC04228.JPG/138px-Inside_the_British_Museum%2C_London_-_DSC04228.JPG" decoding="async" width="138" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Inside_the_British_Museum%2C_London_-_DSC04228.JPG/207px-Inside_the_British_Museum%2C_London_-_DSC04228.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Inside_the_British_Museum%2C_London_-_DSC04228.JPG/277px-Inside_the_British_Museum%2C_London_-_DSC04228.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2579" data-file-height="3542" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 39 – Ornate clock made by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tompion" title="Thomas Tompion">Thomas Tompion</a>, England, 1690 AD</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Asia">Department of Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Department of Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BrMus_Amravati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/BrMus_Amravati.jpg/220px-BrMus_Amravati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/BrMus_Amravati.jpg/330px-BrMus_Amravati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/BrMus_Amravati.jpg/440px-BrMus_Amravati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="1254" /></a><figcaption>Room 33a – <a href="/wiki/Amaravati_Sculptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaravati Sculptures">Amaravati Sculptures</a>, southern India, 1st century BC and 3rd century AD</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Room_95-6752.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Room_95-6752.JPG/220px-Room_95-6752.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Room_95-6752.JPG/330px-Room_95-6752.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Room_95-6752.JPG/440px-Room_95-6752.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2068" /></a><figcaption>Room 95 – The <a href="/wiki/Percival_David_Foundation_of_Chinese_Art" title="Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art">Percival David collection</a> of Chinese ceramics</figcaption></figure> <p>The scope of the Department of Asia is extremely broad; its collections of over 75,000 objects cover the material culture of the whole Asian continent and from the Neolithic up to the present day. Until recently, this department concentrated on collecting Oriental antiquities from urban or semi-urban societies across the Asian continent. Many of those objects were collected by colonial officers and explorers in former parts of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, especially the Indian subcontinent. Examples include the collections made by individuals such as <a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson_Breeks" title="James Wilkinson Breeks">James Wilkinson Breeks</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cunningham" title="Alexander Cunningham">Alexander Cunningham</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Harold_Arthur_Deane" title="Harold Arthur Deane">Harold Deane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Elliot_(Scottish_naturalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Elliot (Scottish naturalist)">Sir Walter Elliot</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Prinsep" title="James Prinsep">James Prinsep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Masson" title="Charles Masson">Charles Masson</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(archaeologist)" title="John Marshall (archaeologist)">John Marshall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stuart_(East_India_Company_officer)" title="Charles Stuart (East India Company officer)">Charles Stuart</a>. A large number of Chinese antiquities were purchased from the Anglo-Greek banker <a href="/wiki/George_Eumorfopoulos" title="George Eumorfopoulos">George Eumorfopoulos</a> in the 1930s. The large collection of some 1800 Japanese prints and paintings owned by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morrison" title="Arthur Morrison">Arthur Morrison</a> was acquired in the early twentieth century. In the second half of the twentieth century, the museum greatly benefited from the bequest of the philanthropist PT Brooke Sewell, which allowed the department to purchase many objects and fill in gaps in the collection.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the ethnographic collections from Asia were transferred to the department. These reflect the diverse environment of the largest continent in the world and range from India to China, the Middle East to Japan. Much of the ethnographic material comes from objects originally owned by tribal cultures and <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter-gatherers">hunter-gatherers</a>, many of whose way of life has disappeared in the last century. Particularly valuable collections are from the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> (much assembled by the British naval officer <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Vidal_Portman" title="Maurice Vidal Portman">Maurice Portman</a>), Sri Lanka (especially through the colonial administrator <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Nevill" title="Hugh Nevill">Hugh Nevill</a>), Northern Thailand, south-west China, the <a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a> of Hokaidu in Japan (chief among them the collection of the Scottish zoologist <a href="/wiki/John_Anderson_(zoologist)" title="John Anderson (zoologist)">John Anderson</a>), Siberia (with artefacts collected by the explorer <a href="/wiki/Kate_Marsden" title="Kate Marsden">Kate Marsden</a> and Bassett Digby and is notable for its <a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Sakha</a> pieces, especially the ivory model of a summer festival at <a href="/wiki/Yakutsk" title="Yakutsk">Yakutsk</a>) and the islands of South-East Asia, especially Borneo. The latter benefited from the purchase in 1905 of the <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> collection put together by Dr <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hose" title="Charles Hose">Charles Hose</a>, as well as from other colonial officers such as Edward A Jeffreys. In addition, a unique and valuable group of objects from Java, including shadow puppets and a <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> musical set, was assembled by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Stamford_Raffles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Stamford Raffles">Sir Stamford Raffles</a>. </p><p>The principal gallery devoted to Asian art in the museum is Gallery 33 with its comprehensive display of Chinese, Indian subcontinent and South-east Asian objects. An adjacent gallery showcases the Amaravati sculptures and monuments. Other galleries on the upper floors are devoted to its Japanese, Korean, painting and <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a>, and Chinese ceramics collections. </p><p>Highlights of the collections include:<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The most comprehensive collection of sculpture from the Indian subcontinent in the world, including the celebrated <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> limestone reliefs from <a href="/wiki/Amaravati_Marbles" title="Amaravati Marbles">Amaravati</a> excavated by Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Elliot_(Scottish_naturalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Elliot (Scottish naturalist)">Walter Elliot</a><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, and porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, and other applied arts</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frau_Olga-Julia_Wegener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frau Olga-Julia Wegener (page does not exist)">Frau Olga-Julia Wegener</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wegener" class="extiw" title="de:Georg Wegener">de</a>]</span> collection of 147 Chinese paintings from the Tang to the Qing dynasties.</li> <li>The most comprehensive collection of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japanese pre-20th century art</a> in the Western world, many of which originally belonged to the surgeon <a href="/wiki/William_Anderson_(collector)" title="William Anderson (collector)">William Anderson</a> and diplomat <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Mason_Satow" title="Ernest Mason Satow">Ernest Mason Satow</a></li></ul> <p><b>East Asia</b> </p> <ul><li>A large collection of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_bronzes" title="Chinese ritual bronzes">Chinese ritual bronzes</a>, including a wine vessel in the shape of two rams supporting a jar, (1500–200 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi_(jade)" title="Bi (jade)">Jade bi</a> or disc with inscription from the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a>, (1500–1050 BC)</li> <li>Group of <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bones" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle bones">oracle bones</a> that were used for <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a>, China, (1200–1050 BC)</li> <li>Intricately designed gold dagger handle from <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Eastern Zhou period</a>, China, (6th–5th centuries BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian_Bronze_Hu" title="Huixian Bronze Hu">Huixian Bronze Hu</a>, an identical pair of bronze vessels from the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Eastern Zhou period</a>, China, (5th century BC)</li> <li>Japanese antiquities from the <a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a> excavated by the pioneering archaeologist <a href="/wiki/William_Gowland" title="William Gowland">William Gowland</a>, (3rd–6th centuries AD)</li> <li>Three ornate bronze <a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dtaku" title="Dōtaku">Dōtaku</a> or bells from the <a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi period</a>, Japan, (200 BC – 200 AD)</li> <li>Gilded and inscribed <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> wine-cup made from <a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">lacquer</a> and found in <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>, Korea (4 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharan">Gandharan</a> architectural wood carvings, furniture and dress accessories from <a href="/wiki/Loulan" class="mw-redirect" title="Loulan">Loulan</a>, Xinjiang, (4th century AD)</li> <li>The famous <a href="/wiki/Admonitions_Scroll" title="Admonitions Scroll">Admonitions Scroll</a> by Chinese artist <a href="/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi" title="Gu Kaizhi">Gu Kaizhi</a>, (344–406 AD)</li> <li>The colossal <a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha_Buddha_from_Hancui" title="Amitābha Buddha from Hancui">Amitābha Buddha from Hancui</a>, China, (585 AD)</li> <li>A set of ceramic <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty_tomb_figures_of_Liu_Tingxun" title="Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun">Tang dynasty tomb figures of Liu Tingxun</a>, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 728 AD</span>)</li> <li>Silk Princess painting from <a href="/wiki/Dandan-oilik" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandan-oilik">Dandan-oilik</a> Buddhist sanctuary in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Khotan</a>, Xinjiang, China, (7th–8th century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seated_Luohan_from_Yixian" class="mw-redirect" title="Seated Luohan from Yixian">Seated Luohan from Yixian</a>, one from a set of eight surviving statues, China, (907–1125 AD)</li> <li>Hoard of <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> silverware from Beihuangshan, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, China, (9th–10th centuries AD)</li> <li>Seventeen examples of extremely rare <a href="/wiki/Ru_ware" title="Ru ware">Ru ware</a>, the largest collection in the West, (1100 AD)</li> <li>A fine assemblage of Buddhist scroll paintings from <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a>, western China, collected by the British-Hungarian explorer <a href="/wiki/Aurel_Stein" title="Aurel Stein">Aurel Stein</a>, (5th–11th centuries AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_David_Foundation_of_Chinese_Art" title="Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art">Pericival David</a> collection of Chinese ceramics, (10th–18th centuries AD)</li> <li>Ivory stand in the form of a seated lion, Chos-'khor-yan-rtse monastery in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, (13th century AD)</li> <li>Copy of a hanging scroll painting of <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">Shogun</a> of Japan, (14th century AD)</li> <li>Handscroll silk painting called 'Fascination of Nature' by Xie Chufang depicting insects and plants, China, (1321 AD)</li> <li>Ornate Sino-Tibetan figure of Buddha <a href="/wiki/Sakyamuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakyamuni">Sakyamuni</a> made of gilded bronze, China, (1403–1424 AD)</li> <li>Large <a href="/wiki/Cloisonn%C3%A9" title="Cloisonné">Cloisonné</a> jar with dragon made for the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> Imperial Court, paired with another in the <a href="/wiki/Rietberg_Museum" title="Rietberg Museum">Rietberg Museum</a>, Zürich, Beijing, China, (1426–35 AD)</li> <li>Pair of ceramic <a href="/wiki/Kakiemon_elephants" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakiemon elephants">Kakiemon elephants</a> from Japan, (17th century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_jar" title="Moon jar">Moon jar</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon Dynasty">Joseon Dynasty</a> collected by the potter <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Leach" title="Bernard Leach">Bernard Leach</a>, Korea, (18th century AD)</li> <li>Japanese prints including <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa" title="The Great Wave off Kanagawa">The Great Wave off Kanagawa</a>, (1829–32 AD)</li> <li>Illustrations for the Great Picture Book of Everything, rare album of drawings by the celebrated Japanese artist <a href="/wiki/Hokusai" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a>, (1820–1840 AD)</li></ul> <p><b>South Asia</b> </p> <ul><li>Excavated objects from the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley</a> sites of <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient India</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>), (2500–2000 BC)</li> <li>Hoard of <a href="/wiki/Copper_Hoard_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper Hoard Culture">Copper Hoard Culture</a> celts, plaques and disc from Gungeria, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, India, (2000–1000 BC)</li> <li>Assembly of <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric</a> artefacts from the <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Mountains" title="Nilgiri Mountains">Nilgiri Hills</a> in southern India, (10th century BC – 2nd century AD)</li> <li>Hoard of <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> metal weapons excavated at the Wurreegaon barrow near <a href="/wiki/Kamptee" title="Kamptee">Kamptee</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maharastra" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharastra">Maharastra</a>, India, (7th – 1st centuries BC)</li> <li>Sandstone fragment of a <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Ashoka" title="Pillars of Ashoka">Pillar of Ashoka</a> with <a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> inscription from <a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a>, Uttar Pradesh, India, (238 BC)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kulu_Vase" title="Kulu Vase">Kulu Vase</a> found near a monastery in <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, one of the earliest examples of figurative art from the sub-continent, northern India, (1st century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxila_copper_plate" title="Taxila copper plate">Copper plate</a> from <a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a>, with important Kharoshthi inscription, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient India</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>), (1st century BC – 1st century AD)</li> <li>Indo-Scythian sandstone <a href="/wiki/Mathura_lion_capital" title="Mathura lion capital">Mathura Lion Capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanchi_Yakshi_Figure" title="Sanchi Yakshi Figure">Bracket figure</a> from one of the gateways to the Great Stupa at <a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a>, central India, (1st century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimaran_casket" title="Bimaran casket">Bimaran Casket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wardak_Vase" title="Wardak Vase">Wardak Vase</a>, reliquaries from ancient stupas in Afghanistan, (1st–2nd centuries AD)</li> <li>Hoard of gold jewellery with precious stones found under the Enlightenment Throne at the <a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, eastern India, (2nd century AD)</li> <li>Relic deposits from <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ahin_Posh" title="Ahin Posh">Ahin Posh</a>, Ali Masjid, <a href="/wiki/Gudivada" title="Gudivada">Gudivada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manikyala" class="mw-redirect" title="Manikyala">Manikyala</a>, Sonala Pind, <a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a>, (1st–3rd centuries AD)</li> <li>Seated <a href="/wiki/H%C4%81r%C4%ABt%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hārītī">Hārītī</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seated_Buddha_from_Gandhara" title="Seated Buddha from Gandhara">Buddha statues</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a> sculptures from <a href="/wiki/Kafir_Kot" title="Kafir Kot">Kafir Kot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Garhi" title="Jamal Garhi">Jamal Garhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takht-i-Bahi" title="Takht-i-Bahi">Takht-i-Bahi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yusufzai" title="Yusufzai">Yusufzai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, (1st–3rd centuries AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_silver_bowl" title="Hephthalite silver bowl">Hephthalite silver bowl</a> with hunting scenes from the <a href="/wiki/Swat_District" title="Swat District">Swat District</a>, Pakistan, (460–479 AD)</li> <li>Three sandstone carved sculptures of the Buddha in <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta</a> style from <a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a>, eastern India, (5th–6th centuries AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphsad_inscription_of_%C4%80dityasena" title="Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena">Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena</a> with important record of the genealogy of the <a href="/wiki/Later_Gupta_dynasty" title="Later Gupta dynasty">Later Gupta dynasty</a> up to king Ādityasena, <a href="/wiki/Ghosrawan" title="Ghosrawan">Ghosrawan</a>, Bihar, India, (675 AD)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Buddhapad_Hoard" title="Buddhapad Hoard">Buddhapad Hoard</a> of bronze images from southern India, (6th–8th centuries AD)</li> <li>Small bronze figure of <a href="/wiki/Buddha_Shakyamuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha Shakyamuni">Buddha Shakyamuni</a>, Bihar, eastern India, (7th century AD)</li> <li>Stone statue of Buddha from the <a href="/wiki/Sultanganj_Buddha" title="Sultanganj Buddha">Sultanganj</a> hoard, Bihar, eastern India, (7th–8th centuries AD)</li> <li>Earliest known figure of the dancing four-armed god <a href="/wiki/Shiva_Nataraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiva Nataraja">Shiva Nataraja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallava dynasty</a>, southern India (800 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Tara" title="Statue of Tara">Statue of Tara</a> from Sri Lanka and the <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_Shiva" title="Thanjavur Shiva">Thanjavur Shiva</a> from Tamil Nadu, southern India, (8th century & 10th century AD)</li> <li>Standing <a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a> statue of Buddha from <a href="/wiki/Kurkihar_hoard" title="Kurkihar hoard">Kurkihar</a>, Bihar, India, (9th century AD)</li> <li>Several wooden architectural panels from the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Smast" title="Kashmir Smast">Kashmir Smast</a> caves, northern Pakistan, (9th–10th centuries AD)</li> <li>Hoard of Buddhist terracotta sealings from the <a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala period</a> found at the <a href="/wiki/N%C4%81land%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Nālandā">Nālandā</a> Monastery, Bihar, eastern India, (10th century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambika_Statue_from_Dhar" title="Ambika Statue from Dhar">Statue</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ambika_(Jainism)" title="Ambika (Jainism)">goddess Ambika</a> found at <a href="/wiki/Dhar" title="Dhar">Dhar</a> in central India, (1034 AD)</li> <li>Foundation inscription of the <a href="/wiki/Ananta_Vasudeva_Temple" title="Ananta Vasudeva Temple">Ananta Vasudeva Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, eastern India, (1278 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a> dragon cup that once belonged to Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Beg" title="Ulugh Beg">Ulugh Beg</a> from <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, Uzbekistan, (1420–1449 AD)</li> <li>Foundation inscription with Arabic inscription in <a href="/wiki/Naskh_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Naskh script">Naskh script</a> in the name of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Shamsuddin_Yusuf_Shah" title="Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah">Yusufshah</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gauda_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda (city)">Gauda</a>, Bengal, eastern India, (1477 AD)</li> <li>Large standing gilded copper figure of the <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> <a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a>, Nepal, (15th–16th centuries AD)</li></ul> <p><b>Southeast Asia</b> </p> <ul><li>Earthenware <a href="/wiki/Tazza_(cup)" title="Tazza (cup)">tazza</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9ng_Nguy%C3%AAn_culture" title="Phùng Nguyên culture">Phùng Nguyên culture</a>, northern Vietnam, (2000–1500 BC)</li> <li>Pottery vessels and sherds from the ancient site of <a href="/wiki/Ban_Chiang" title="Ban Chiang">Ban Chiang</a>, Thailand, (10th–1st centuries BC)</li> <li>Bronze <a href="/wiki/Klang_Bell" title="Klang Bell">bell</a> from <a href="/wiki/Klang_(city)" title="Klang (city)">Klang</a> and iron socketed axe (tulang mawas) from <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, western Malaysia, (200 BC–200 AD)</li> <li>Group of six <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> clay votive plaques found in a cave in Patania, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>, Malaysia, (6th–11th centuries AD)</li> <li>The famous <a href="/wiki/Sambas_Treasure" title="Sambas Treasure">Sambas Treasure</a> of buddhist gold and silver figures from west Borneo, Indonesia, (8th–9th centuries AD)</li> <li>Three stone Buddha heads from the temple at <a href="/wiki/Borobodur" class="mw-redirect" title="Borobodur">Borobodur</a> in Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD)</li> <li>Granite <a href="/wiki/Kinnari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinnari">Kinnari</a> figure in the shape of a bird from Candi <a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a> in Java, Indonesia, (9th century AD)</li> <li>Sandstone <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> figure of a rampant lion, Vietnam, (11th century AD)</li> <li>Gilded bronze figure of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Śiva">Śiva</a> holding a rosary, Cambodia, (11th century AD)</li> <li>Stone figure representing the upper part of an eleven-headed <a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a>, Cambodia, (12th century AD)</li> <li>Bronze figure of a seated Buddha from <a href="/wiki/Bagan" title="Bagan">Bagan</a>, Burma, (12th–13th centuries AD)</li> <li>Hoard of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a> ceramic vessels excavated at Pinagbayanan, <a href="/wiki/Taysan" title="Taysan">Taysan</a> Municipality, Philippines, (12th–13th centuries AD)</li> <li>Statue of the Goddess Mamaki from <a href="/wiki/Candi_Jago" class="mw-redirect" title="Candi Jago">Candi Jago</a>, eastern Java, Indonesia, (13th–14th centuries AD)</li> <li>Glazed terracotta tiles from the Shwegugyi Temple erected by king <a href="/wiki/Dhammazedi" title="Dhammazedi">Dhammazedi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bago,_Myanmar" title="Bago, Myanmar">Bago</a>, Myanmar, (1476 AD)</li> <li>Inscribed bronze figure of a Buddha from <a href="/wiki/Fang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fang District">Fang District</a>, part of a large SE Asian collection amassed by the Norwegian explorer <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bock_(explorer)" title="Carl Bock (explorer)">Carl Bock</a>, Thailand, (1540 AD)</li> <li>Large impression of the Buddha's foot made of gilded stone (known as Shwesettaw Footprints) donated by Captain <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marryat" title="Frederick Marryat">Frederick Marryat</a>, from Ponoodang near <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a>, Myanmar, (18th–19th centuries AD)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poids_cubiques_harapp%C3%A9ens_-_BM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - Cubic weights made of chert from Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC"><img alt="Room 33 - Cubic weights made of chert from Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Poids_cubiques_harapp%C3%A9ens_-_BM.jpg/190px-Poids_cubiques_harapp%C3%A9ens_-_BM.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Poids_cubiques_harapp%C3%A9ens_-_BM.jpg/285px-Poids_cubiques_harapp%C3%A9ens_-_BM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Poids_cubiques_harapp%C3%A9ens_-_BM.jpg/380px-Poids_cubiques_harapp%C3%A9ens_-_BM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5847" data-file-height="3899" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - Cubic weights made of <a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">chert</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a>, Pakistan, 2600-1900 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Periodo_degli_zhou_dell%27est,_coppia_di_vasi_rituali_hu._V_sec._ac._01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - One of the hu from Huixian, China, 5th century BC"><img alt="Room 33 - One of the hu from Huixian, China, 5th century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Periodo_degli_zhou_dell%27est%2C_coppia_di_vasi_rituali_hu._V_sec._ac._01.JPG/102px-Periodo_degli_zhou_dell%27est%2C_coppia_di_vasi_rituali_hu._V_sec._ac._01.JPG" decoding="async" width="102" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Periodo_degli_zhou_dell%27est%2C_coppia_di_vasi_rituali_hu._V_sec._ac._01.JPG/154px-Periodo_degli_zhou_dell%27est%2C_coppia_di_vasi_rituali_hu._V_sec._ac._01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Periodo_degli_zhou_dell%27est%2C_coppia_di_vasi_rituali_hu._V_sec._ac._01.JPG/205px-Periodo_degli_zhou_dell%27est%2C_coppia_di_vasi_rituali_hu._V_sec._ac._01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="2718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - One of the <a href="/wiki/Hu_(vessel)" title="Hu (vessel)">hu</a> from Huixian, China, 5th century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CrystalGoose.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - A hamsa sacred goose vessel made of crystal from Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD"><img alt="Room 33 - A hamsa sacred goose vessel made of crystal from Stupa 32, Taxila, Pakistan, 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CrystalGoose.JPG/190px-CrystalGoose.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CrystalGoose.JPG/285px-CrystalGoose.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CrystalGoose.JPG/380px-CrystalGoose.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="831" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - A <a href="/wiki/Hamsa_(bird)" title="Hamsa (bird)">hamsa</a> sacred goose vessel made of <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystal</a> from Stupa 32, <a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, 1st century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_of_the_Buddha_BM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - Stone sculpture of the death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD"><img alt="Room 33 - Stone sculpture of the death of Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd centuries AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Death_of_the_Buddha_BM.jpg/190px-Death_of_the_Buddha_BM.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Death_of_the_Buddha_BM.jpg/285px-Death_of_the_Buddha_BM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Death_of_the_Buddha_BM.jpg/380px-Death_of_the_Buddha_BM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3390" data-file-height="2494" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - Stone sculpture of the death of Buddha, Gandhara, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, 1st-3rd centuries AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 91a - Section of the Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD"><img alt="Room 91a - Section of the Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, China, c. 380 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg/190px-Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg/285px-Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg/380px-Ku_K%27ai-chih_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 91a - Section of the <a href="/wiki/Admonitions_Scroll" title="Admonitions Scroll">Admonitions Scroll</a> by Chinese artist <a href="/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi" title="Gu Kaizhi">Gu Kaizhi</a>, China, c. 380 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denesar_Khera_Buddha.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of the Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD"><img alt="Room 33 - Gilded bronze statue of the Buddha, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Denesar_Khera_Buddha.JPG/142px-Denesar_Khera_Buddha.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Denesar_Khera_Buddha.JPG/214px-Denesar_Khera_Buddha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Denesar_Khera_Buddha.JPG/285px-Denesar_Khera_Buddha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - Gilded bronze <a href="/wiki/Dhaneswar_Khera_Buddha_image_inscription" title="Dhaneswar Khera Buddha image inscription">statue of the Buddha</a>, Dhaneswar Khera, India, 5th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amitabha_Buddha_Statue,_British_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Amitābha Buddha from Hancui on display in the museum's stairwell, China, 6th century AD"><img alt="The Amitābha Buddha from Hancui on display in the museum's stairwell, China, 6th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Amitabha_Buddha_Statue%2C_British_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg/106px-Amitabha_Buddha_Statue%2C_British_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Amitabha_Buddha_Statue%2C_British_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg/159px-Amitabha_Buddha_Statue%2C_British_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Amitabha_Buddha_Statue%2C_British_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg/212px-Amitabha_Buddha_Statue%2C_British_Museum_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="4264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha</a> Buddha from Hancui on display in the museum's stairwell, China, 6th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lu%C3%B3h%C3%A0n_at_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - The luohan from Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD"><img alt="Room 33 - The luohan from Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lu%C3%B3h%C3%A0n_at_British_Museum.jpg/160px-Lu%C3%B3h%C3%A0n_at_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lu%C3%B3h%C3%A0n_at_British_Museum.jpg/241px-Lu%C3%B3h%C3%A0n_at_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lu%C3%B3h%C3%A0n_at_British_Museum.jpg/321px-Lu%C3%B3h%C3%A0n_at_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1987" data-file-height="2353" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - The <a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">luohan</a> from Yixian made of glazed stoneware, China, 907-1125 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goddess_Ambika_from_Dhar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture of Goddess Ambika found at Dhar, India, 1034 AD"><img alt="Sculpture of Goddess Ambika found at Dhar, India, 1034 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Goddess_Ambika_from_Dhar.JPG/142px-Goddess_Ambika_from_Dhar.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Goddess_Ambika_from_Dhar.JPG/214px-Goddess_Ambika_from_Dhar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Goddess_Ambika_from_Dhar.JPG/285px-Goddess_Ambika_from_Dhar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture of <a href="/wiki/Ambika_(Jainism)" title="Ambika (Jainism)">Goddess Ambika</a> found at <a href="/wiki/Dhar" title="Dhar">Dhar</a>, India, 1034 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirthankaras.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture of the two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha and Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD"><img alt="Sculpture of the two Jain tirthankaras Rishabhanatha and Mahavira, Orissa, India, 11th-12th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tirthankaras.jpg/114px-Tirthankaras.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tirthankaras.jpg/170px-Tirthankaras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tirthankaras.jpg/227px-Tirthankaras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="1338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture of the two Jain tirthankaras <a href="/wiki/Rishabhanatha" title="Rishabhanatha">Rishabhanatha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orissa,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa, India">Orissa, India</a>, 11th-12th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Kang_Hou_Gui_Top.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel known as the "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC"><img alt="Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel known as the "Kang Hou Gui", China, 11th century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/British_Museum_Kang_Hou_Gui_Top.jpg/190px-British_Museum_Kang_Hou_Gui_Top.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/British_Museum_Kang_Hou_Gui_Top.jpg/285px-British_Museum_Kang_Hou_Gui_Top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/British_Museum_Kang_Hou_Gui_Top.jpg/380px-British_Museum_Kang_Hou_Gui_Top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="1896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - Western Zhou bronze ritual vessel known as the "<a href="/wiki/Kang_Hou_Gui" class="mw-redirect" title="Kang Hou Gui">Kang Hou Gui</a>", China, 11th century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seated_Avalokiteshvara_BM_OA_1985.5-11.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - A crowned figure of the Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD"><img alt="Room 33 - A crowned figure of the Bodhisattva Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Seated_Avalokiteshvara_BM_OA_1985.5-11.1.jpg/126px-Seated_Avalokiteshvara_BM_OA_1985.5-11.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Seated_Avalokiteshvara_BM_OA_1985.5-11.1.jpg/189px-Seated_Avalokiteshvara_BM_OA_1985.5-11.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Seated_Avalokiteshvara_BM_OA_1985.5-11.1.jpg/252px-Seated_Avalokiteshvara_BM_OA_1985.5-11.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="3656" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - A crowned figure of the <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> Khasarpana Avalokiteśvara, India, 12th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Asia_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - Covered hanging jar with underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD"><img alt="Room 33 - Covered hanging jar with underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central Thailand, 14th-16th centuries AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/British_Museum_Asia_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/190px-British_Museum_Asia_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/British_Museum_Asia_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/285px-British_Museum_Asia_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/British_Museum_Asia_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/380px-British_Museum_Asia_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1891" data-file-height="1891" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - Covered hanging jar with underglaze decoration, Si Satchanalai (Sawankalok), north-central <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, 14th-16th centuries AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hu-shaped_altar_vessel_BM_1989.0309.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD"><img alt="Room 33 - Hu-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hu-shaped_altar_vessel_BM_1989.0309.1.jpg/126px-Hu-shaped_altar_vessel_BM_1989.0309.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hu-shaped_altar_vessel_BM_1989.0309.1.jpg/189px-Hu-shaped_altar_vessel_BM_1989.0309.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hu-shaped_altar_vessel_BM_1989.0309.1.jpg/252px-Hu-shaped_altar_vessel_BM_1989.0309.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2781" data-file-height="4187" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - <a href="/wiki/Hu_(vessel)" title="Hu (vessel)">Hu</a>-shaped altar flower vessel, Ming dynasty, China, 15th -16th centuries AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Judge_assistant_hell_BM_OA1917.11-16.1_n02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - An assistant to the Judge of Hell, figure from a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD"><img alt="Room 33 - An assistant to the Judge of Hell, figure from a judgement group, Ming dynasty, China, 16th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Judge_assistant_hell_BM_OA1917.11-16.1_n02.jpg/126px-Judge_assistant_hell_BM_OA1917.11-16.1_n02.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Judge_assistant_hell_BM_OA1917.11-16.1_n02.jpg/189px-Judge_assistant_hell_BM_OA1917.11-16.1_n02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Judge_assistant_hell_BM_OA1917.11-16.1_n02.jpg/252px-Judge_assistant_hell_BM_OA1917.11-16.1_n02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2704" data-file-height="4071" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - An assistant to the Judge of Hell, figure from a judgement group, <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, China, 16th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Asia_41-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD"><img alt="Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/British_Museum_Asia_41-2.jpg/142px-British_Museum_Asia_41-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/British_Museum_Asia_41-2.jpg/214px-British_Museum_Asia_41-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/British_Museum_Asia_41-2.jpg/285px-British_Museum_Asia_41-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="2657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, 16th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indischer_Maler_um_1615_(I)_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD"><img alt="Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Indischer_Maler_um_1615_%28I%29_001.jpg/114px-Indischer_Maler_um_1615_%28I%29_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Indischer_Maler_um_1615_%28I%29_001.jpg/171px-Indischer_Maler_um_1615_%28I%29_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Indischer_Maler_um_1615_%28I%29_001.jpg/228px-Indischer_Maler_um_1615_%28I%29_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="2732" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait of Ibrâhîm 'Âdil Shâh II (1580–1626), <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> of India, 1615 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Utagawa_Toyoharu_(attributed_to),_Courtesans_of_the_Tamaya_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 90 - Courtesans of the Tamaya House, attributed to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s or early 1780s AD"><img alt="Room 90 - Courtesans of the Tamaya House, attributed to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, Edo period, late 1770s or early 1780s AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Utagawa_Toyoharu_%28attributed_to%29%2C_Courtesans_of_the_Tamaya_House.jpg/190px-Utagawa_Toyoharu_%28attributed_to%29%2C_Courtesans_of_the_Tamaya_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Utagawa_Toyoharu_%28attributed_to%29%2C_Courtesans_of_the_Tamaya_House.jpg/285px-Utagawa_Toyoharu_%28attributed_to%29%2C_Courtesans_of_the_Tamaya_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Utagawa_Toyoharu_%28attributed_to%29%2C_Courtesans_of_the_Tamaya_House.jpg/380px-Utagawa_Toyoharu_%28attributed_to%29%2C_Courtesans_of_the_Tamaya_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 90 - Courtesans of the Tamaya House, attributed to Utagawa Toyoharu, screen painting; Japan, <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, late 1770s or early 1780s AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFEC_BritMus_Asia_027.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha made of lacquer from Burma, 18th-19th century AD"><img alt="Room 33 - Large statue of Buddha made of lacquer from Burma, 18th-19th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/SFEC_BritMus_Asia_027.JPG/126px-SFEC_BritMus_Asia_027.JPG" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/SFEC_BritMus_Asia_027.JPG/190px-SFEC_BritMus_Asia_027.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/SFEC_BritMus_Asia_027.JPG/253px-SFEC_BritMus_Asia_027.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - Large statue of <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> made of <a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">lacquer</a> from Burma, 18th-19th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted and varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD"><img alt="Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted and varnished papier-mâché, Ladakh, India, 19th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg/142px-Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg/214px-Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg/285px-Seated.Lama-01-British.Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="1616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 33 - Figure of seated Lama; of painted and varnished papier-mâché, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, India, 19th century AD</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Africa,_Oceania_and_the_Americas"><span id="Department_of_Africa.2C_Oceania_and_the_Americas"></span>Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wellcome_Trust_Gallery_%2B_Living_%26_Dying_(Room_24).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Wellcome_Trust_Gallery_%2B_Living_%26_Dying_%28Room_24%29.jpg/250px-Wellcome_Trust_Gallery_%2B_Living_%26_Dying_%28Room_24%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Wellcome_Trust_Gallery_%2B_Living_%26_Dying_%28Room_24%29.jpg/375px-Wellcome_Trust_Gallery_%2B_Living_%26_Dying_%28Room_24%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Wellcome_Trust_Gallery_%2B_Living_%26_Dying_%28Room_24%29.jpg/500px-Wellcome_Trust_Gallery_%2B_Living_%26_Dying_%28Room_24%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Room 24 – The <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a> Gallery of Living and Dying, with <a href="/wiki/Hoa_Hakananai%27a" title="Hoa Hakananai'a">Hoa Hakananai'a</a>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a></i>, in the centre</figcaption></figure> <p>The British Museum houses one of the world's most comprehensive collections of <a href="/wiki/Ethnographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnographic">ethnographic</a> material from Africa, Oceania and the Americas, representing the cultures of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a> throughout the world. Over 350,000 objects<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spanning thousands of years tells the history of mankind from three major continents and many rich and diverse cultures; the collecting of modern artefacts is ongoing. Many individuals have added to the department's collection over the years but those assembled by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Christy" title="Henry Christy">Henry Christy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Geoffrey_Beasley" title="Harry Geoffrey Beasley">Harry Beasley</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Ockelford_Oldman" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ockelford Oldman">William Oldman</a> are outstanding. </p><p>Objects from this department are mostly on display in several galleries on the ground and lower floors. Gallery 24 displays <a href="/wiki/Ethnographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnographic">ethnographic</a> from every continent while adjacent galleries focus on North America and Mexico. A long suite of rooms (Gallery 25) on the lower floor display African art. There are plans in place to develop permanent galleries for showcasing art from Oceania and South America. </p><p><b>Africa</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:African_throwing_knives.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/African_throwing_knives.jpg/220px-African_throwing_knives.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/African_throwing_knives.jpg/330px-African_throwing_knives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/African_throwing_knives.jpg/440px-African_throwing_knives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2572" /></a><figcaption>Room 25 – A collection of African <a href="/wiki/Throwing_knife" title="Throwing knife">throwing knives</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Sainsbury African Galleries display 600 objects from the greatest permanent collection of African arts and culture in the world. The three permanent galleries provide a substantial exhibition space for the museum's African collection comprising over 200,000 objects. A curatorial scope that encompasses both archaeological and contemporary material, including both unique masterpieces of artistry and objects of everyday life. A great addition was material amassed by Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wellcome" title="Henry Wellcome">Henry Wellcome</a>, which was donated by the <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Collection" title="Wellcome Collection">Wellcome Historical Medical Museum</a> in 1954. </p><p>Highlights of the African collection include objects found at <a href="/wiki/Senegambian_stone_circles" title="Senegambian stone circles">megalithic circles</a> in The Gambia, a dozen exquisite <a href="/wiki/Kongo_ivories#Afro-Portuguese_ivories" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongo ivories">Afro-Portuguese ivories</a>, a series of soapstone figures from the <a href="/wiki/Kissi_people" title="Kissi people">Kissi people</a> in Sierra Leone and Liberia, hoard of bronze <a href="/wiki/Kru_people" title="Kru people">Kru</a> currency rings from the <a href="/wiki/Sinoe_River" title="Sinoe River">Sinoe River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Liberia" title="Greenville, Liberia">Liberia</a>, Asante goldwork and regalia from Ghana including the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edward_Bowdich" title="Thomas Edward Bowdich">Bowdich</a> collection, the rare <a href="/wiki/Akan_Drum" title="Akan Drum">Akan Drum</a> from the same region in west Africa, pair of door panels and lintel from the palace at <a href="/wiki/Ikere-Ekiti" title="Ikere-Ekiti">Ikere-Ekiti</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Benin_Bronzes" title="Benin Bronzes">Benin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Igbo-Ukwu" title="Igbo-Ukwu">Igbo-Ukwu</a> bronze sculptures, the beautiful <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Head_of_Queen_Idia" title="Bronze Head of Queen Idia">Bronze Head of Queen Idia</a>, a magnificent <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Head_from_Ife" title="Bronze Head from Ife">brass head</a> of a Yoruba ruler and quartz throne from <a href="/wiki/Ife" class="mw-redirect" title="Ife">Ife</a>, a similar <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> head from Iwinrin Grove near Ife, the <a href="/wiki/Apapa_Hoard" title="Apapa Hoard">Apapa Hoard</a> from Lagos and other mediaeval bronze hoards from Allabia and the <a href="/wiki/For%C3%A7ados_River" title="Forçados River">Forçados River</a> in southern Nigeria. </p><p>Included is an <a href="/wiki/Ikom_monoliths" title="Ikom monoliths">Ikom monolith</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cross_River_State" title="Cross River State">Cross River State</a>, several ancestral screens from the <a href="/wiki/Kalabari_tribe" title="Kalabari tribe">Kalabari tribe</a> in the Niger Delta, the <a href="/wiki/Emil_Torday" title="Emil Torday">Torday</a> collection of central African sculpture, textiles and weaponry from the <a href="/wiki/Kuba_Kingdom" title="Kuba Kingdom">Kuba Kingdom</a> including three <a href="/wiki/Ndop_(Kuba)" title="Ndop (Kuba)">royal figures</a>, the unique <a href="/wiki/Luzira_Head" title="Luzira Head">Luzira Head</a> from Uganda, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cross" title="Ethiopian cross">processional crosses</a> and other ecclesiastical and royal material from <a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amba_Mariam" title="Amba Mariam">Magdala</a>, Ethiopia following the <a href="/wiki/British_Expedition_to_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Expedition to Abyssinia">British Expedition to Abyssinia</a>, excavated objects from <a href="/wiki/Great_Zimbabwe" title="Great Zimbabwe">Great Zimbabwe</a> (that includes a unique soapstone, <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic">anthropomorphic</a> figure) and satellite towns such as <a href="/wiki/Mutare" title="Mutare">Mutare</a> including a large hoard of Iron Age soapstone figures, a rare divining bowl from the <a href="/wiki/Venda" title="Venda">Venda</a> peoples and cave paintings and <a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">petroglyphs</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wildebeest_Kuil_Rock_Art_Centre" title="Wildebeest Kuil Rock Art Centre">South Africa</a>. </p><p><b>Oceania</b> </p><p>The British Museum's Oceanic collections originate from the vast area of the Pacific Ocean, stretching from Papua New Guinea to Easter Island, from New Zealand to Hawaii. The three main anthropological groups represented in the collection are <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> – Aboriginal art from Australia is considered separately in its own right. Metal working was not indigenous to Oceania before Europeans arrived, so many of the artefacts from the collection are made from stone, shell, bone and bamboo. Prehistoric objects from the region include a bird-shaped <a href="/wiki/Pestle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pestle">pestle</a> and a group of stone <a href="/wiki/Pestle_and_mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pestle and mortar">mortars</a> from <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>. </p><p>The British Museum is fortunate in having some of the earliest Oceanic and Pacific collections, many of which were put together by members of <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Cook</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/George_Vancouver" title="George Vancouver">Vancouver</a>'s expeditions or by colonial administrators and explorers such as Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">George Grey</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Broome" title="Frederick Broome">Frederick Broome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradshaw_(pastoralist)" title="Joseph Bradshaw (pastoralist)">Joseph Bradshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christison_(pastoralist)" title="Robert Christison (pastoralist)">Robert Christison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Mathews" title="Gregory Mathews">Gregory Mathews</a>, Frederick Meinertzhagen, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(explorer)" title="Thomas Mitchell (explorer)">Thomas Mitchell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hamilton-Gordon,_1st_Baron_Stanmore" title="Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Baron Stanmore">Arthur Gordon</a>, before Western culture significantly impacted on indigenous cultures. The department has also benefited greatly from the legacy of pioneering <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropologists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cort_Haddon" title="Alfred Cort Haddon">AC Haddon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski">Bronisław Malinowski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Routledge" title="Katherine Routledge">Katherine Routledge</a>. An artefact is a wooden Aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Gweagal_shield" title="Gweagal shield">shield</a>, probably dating from the late eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is some debate as to whether this shield was found at Botany Bay or, given the nature of the wood being red mangrove which grows abundantly only 500 km north of Botany Bay, possibly obtained through trade networks or at an entirely different location.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson_(sailor)" title="Henry Wilson (sailor)">Wilson</a> cabinet of curiosities from <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> is an example of pre-contact ware. Another outstanding exemplar is the mourner's dress from <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> given to Cook on his <a href="/wiki/Second_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="Second voyage of James Cook">second voyage</a>, one of only ten in existence. In the collection is a large <a href="/wiki/War_canoe" title="War canoe">war canoe</a> from the island of <a href="/wiki/Vella_Lavella" title="Vella Lavella">Vella Lavella</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, one of the last ever to be built in the archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a> collection is the finest outside New Zealand with many intricately carved wooden and <a href="/wiki/Hei-tiki" title="Hei-tiki">jade objects</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal art">Aboriginal art</a> collection is distinguished by its wide range of <a href="/wiki/Bark_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Bark paintings">bark paintings</a>, including two very early bark etchings collected by <a href="/wiki/John_Hunter_Kerr" title="John Hunter Kerr">John Hunter Kerr</a>. A particularly important group of objects was purchased from the <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a> in 1911, that includes the unique <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_A%27a_from_Rurutu" title="Statue of A'a from Rurutu">statue of A'a from Rurutu</a> Island, the rare <a href="/wiki/Mangareva_Statue" title="Mangareva Statue">idol</a> from the isle of Mangareva and the Cook Islands <a href="/wiki/Deity_Figure_from_Rarotonga" title="Deity Figure from Rarotonga">deity figure</a>. Other highlights include the huge Hawaiian statue of <a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB" title="Kū">Kū-ka-ili-moku</a> or god of war (one of three extant in the world) and the famous Easter Island statues <a href="/wiki/Hoa_Hakananai%27a" title="Hoa Hakananai'a">Hoa Hakananai'a</a> and <a href="/wiki/Relocation_of_moai_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Relocation of moai objects">Moai Hava</a>. </p><p><b>Americas</b> </p><p>The Americas collection mainly consists of 19th and 20th century items although the <a href="/wiki/Paracas_culture" title="Paracas culture">Paracas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moche_culture" title="Moche culture">Moche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taino" class="mw-redirect" title="Taino">Taino</a> and other early cultures are well represented. The <a href="/wiki/Kayung_totem_pole" title="Kayung totem pole">Kayung totem pole</a>, which was made in the late nineteenth century on <a href="/wiki/Haida_Gwaii" title="Haida Gwaii">Haida Gwaii</a>, dominates the Great Court and provides a fitting introduction to this very wide-ranging collection that stretches from the very north of the North American continent where the <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> population has lived for centuries, to the tip of South America where indigenous tribes have long thrived in Patagonia. </p><p>Highlights of the collection include <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples in Canada">Aboriginal Canadian</a> and Native American objects from North America collected by the <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lowther,_5th_Earl_of_Lonsdale" title="Hugh Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale">5th Earl of Lonsdale</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_9th_Duke_of_Argyll" title="John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll">Marquis of Lorne</a>, the explorer <a href="/wiki/David_Haig-Thomas" title="David Haig-Thomas">David Haig-Thomas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Mullanphy" title="Bryan Mullanphy">Bryan Mullanphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_St._Louis" title="Mayor of St. Louis">Mayor of St. Louis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/E._G._Squier" title="E. G. Squier">Squier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hamilton_Davis" title="Edwin Hamilton Davis">Davis</a> collection of prehistoric mound relics from North America, two carved stone bowls in the form of a seated human figure made by ancient <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast" title="Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast">North West Coast peoples</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cowichan_Bay" title="Cowichan Bay">British Columbia</a>, the headdress of Chief Yellow Calf from the <a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a> tribe in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, a lidded rivercane basket from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> and the earliest historic example of <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> basketry, a selection of pottery vessels found in prehistoric dwellings at <a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesa Verde">Mesa Verde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casas_Grandes" title="Casas Grandes">Casas Grandes</a>, one of the enigmatic <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Skull" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal Skull">crystal skulls</a> of unknown origin, a collection of nine turquoise Aztec <a href="/wiki/Double-headed_serpent" title="Double-headed serpent">mosaics</a> from Mexico (the largest in Europe), important artefacts from <a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan_Ocelot" title="Teotihuacan Ocelot">Teotihuacan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Sacrificios" title="Isla de Sacrificios">Isla de Sacrificios</a>. </p><p>There are several rare pre-Columbian manuscripts including the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Zouche-Nuttall" title="Codex Zouche-Nuttall">Codex Zouche-Nuttall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Codex_Waecker-Gotter" title="Codex Waecker-Gotter">Codex Waecker-Gotter</a> and post-colonial ones such as the <a href="/wiki/Aubin_Codex" title="Aubin Codex">Codex Aubin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Codex_Kingsborough" title="Codex Kingsborough">Codex Kingsborough</a>, a spectacular series of Mayan <a href="/wiki/Yaxchilan_Lintel_24" title="Yaxchilan Lintel 24">lintels</a> from <a href="/wiki/Yaxchilan" title="Yaxchilan">Yaxchilan</a> excavated by the British Mayanist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Maudslay" title="Alfred Maudslay">Alfred Maudslay</a>, a very high quality Mayan collection that includes sculptures from <a href="/wiki/Cop%C3%A1n_Bench_Panel" title="Copán Bench Panel">Copan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tikal_Temple_I" title="Tikal Temple I">Tikal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulum_Stela_1" title="Tulum Stela 1">Tulum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pusilha" title="Pusilha">Pusilha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naranjo" title="Naranjo">Naranjo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nebaj" title="Nebaj">Nebaj</a> (including the celebrated <a href="/wiki/Fenton_Vase" title="Fenton Vase">Fenton Vase</a>), an ornate calcite vase with <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a> handles from the <a href="/wiki/Ulua_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulua River">Ulua Valley</a> in Honduras, the <a href="/wiki/Walter_Edward_Guinness,_1st_Baron_Moyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Edward Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne">Lord Moyne</a> collection from the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a>, Honduras and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Boyle" title="Frederick Boyle">Boyle</a> collection from <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, over 20 stone <a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">metates</a> with <a href="/wiki/Zoomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoomorphic">zoomorphic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic">anthropomorphic</a> ornamentation from Costa Rica, a group of <a href="/wiki/Zemi_Figures_from_Vere,_Jamaica" title="Zemi Figures from Vere, Jamaica">Zemi Figures from Vere, Jamaica</a>, and wooden <a href="/wiki/Taino_ritual_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Taino ritual seat">duhos</a> from the Dominican Republic and <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a>. </p><p>There are a collection of <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian</a> human mummies from sites across South America including <a href="/wiki/Ancon_(archaeological_site)" title="Ancon (archaeological site)">Ancon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acar%C3%AD_District" title="Acarí District">Acari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villa_de_Leyva" title="Villa de Leyva">Leyva</a>, a number of prestigious pre-Columbian gold and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Guatavita" title="Lake Guatavita">votive</a> objects from Colombia, three axe-shaped gold <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">diadems</a> found near <a href="/wiki/Caman%C3%A1" title="Camaná">Camaná</a> from the Siguas culture in Peru, unique collection of <a href="/wiki/Moche_culture" title="Moche culture">Moche</a> wooden figures and <a href="/wiki/Staff_of_office" title="Staff of office">staffs</a> from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macabi_islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macabi islands (page does not exist)">Macabi islands</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Macab%C3%AD" class="extiw" title="es:Islas Macabí">es</a>]</span> off Peru, ethnographic objects from across the Amazon region including the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hermann_Schomburgk" title="Robert Hermann Schomburgk">Schomburgk</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Maybury_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="David Maybury Lewis">Maybury Lewis</a> collections and part of the <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Philipp_von_Martius" title="Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius">von Martius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_von_Spix" title="Johann Baptist von Spix">von Spix</a> collection, two rare <a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku" title="Tiwanaku">Tiwanaku</a> pottery vessels from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Titicaca" title="Lake Titicaca">Lake Titicaca</a> and important items from <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a> donated by Commander <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Parker_King" title="Phillip Parker King">Phillip Parker King</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_otter_pipe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 26 - Stone pipe representing an otter from Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD"><img alt="Room 26 - Stone pipe representing an otter from Mound City, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/British_Museum_otter_pipe.jpg/190px-British_Museum_otter_pipe.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/British_Museum_otter_pipe.jpg/285px-British_Museum_otter_pipe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/British_Museum_otter_pipe.jpg/380px-British_Museum_otter_pipe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 26 - Stone pipe representing an otter from <a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Mound City</a>, Ohio, USA, 200 BC - 400 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_tomb_guardian.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, from San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD"><img alt="Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, from San Agustín, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/British_Museum_tomb_guardian.jpg/74px-British_Museum_tomb_guardian.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/British_Museum_tomb_guardian.jpg/111px-British_Museum_tomb_guardian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/British_Museum_tomb_guardian.jpg/149px-British_Museum_tomb_guardian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="923" data-file-height="2355" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 2 - Stone tomb guardian, part human part jaguar, from <a href="/wiki/San_Agust%C3%ADn,_Huila" title="San Agustín, Huila">San Agustín</a>, Colombia, c. 300-600 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maya_maize_god_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 1 - Maya maize god statue from Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD"><img alt="Room 1 - Maya maize god statue from Copán, Honduras, 600-800 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Maya_maize_god_statue.jpg/107px-Maya_maize_god_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Maya_maize_god_statue.jpg/160px-Maya_maize_god_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Maya_maize_god_statue.jpg/214px-Maya_maize_god_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="2338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 1 - Maya maize god statue from <a href="/wiki/Cop%C3%A1n" title="Copán">Copán</a>, Honduras, 600-800 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Lime_Flasks_(poporos)_Quimbaya_Culture,_Colombia_AD_600-1100_-_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD"><img alt="Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, 600-1100 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gold_Lime_Flasks_%28poporos%29_Quimbaya_Culture%2C_Colombia_AD_600-1100_-_British_Museum.jpg/113px-Gold_Lime_Flasks_%28poporos%29_Quimbaya_Culture%2C_Colombia_AD_600-1100_-_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gold_Lime_Flasks_%28poporos%29_Quimbaya_Culture%2C_Colombia_AD_600-1100_-_British_Museum.jpg/170px-Gold_Lime_Flasks_%28poporos%29_Quimbaya_Culture%2C_Colombia_AD_600-1100_-_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gold_Lime_Flasks_%28poporos%29_Quimbaya_Culture%2C_Colombia_AD_600-1100_-_British_Museum.jpg/227px-Gold_Lime_Flasks_%28poporos%29_Quimbaya_Culture%2C_Colombia_AD_600-1100_-_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="826" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 24 - Gold Lime Flasks (poporos), <a href="/wiki/Quimbaya_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Quimbaya civilization">Quimbaya Culture</a>, Colombia, 600-1100 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maya,_lintel_25,_da_yaxchilan,_725.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 27 - Lintel 25 from Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD"><img alt="Room 27 - Lintel 25 from Yaxchilan, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Maya%2C_lintel_25%2C_da_yaxchilan%2C_725.JPG/130px-Maya%2C_lintel_25%2C_da_yaxchilan%2C_725.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Maya%2C_lintel_25%2C_da_yaxchilan%2C_725.JPG/195px-Maya%2C_lintel_25%2C_da_yaxchilan%2C_725.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Maya%2C_lintel_25%2C_da_yaxchilan%2C_725.JPG/260px-Maya%2C_lintel_25%2C_da_yaxchilan%2C_725.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2286" data-file-height="3342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 27 - Lintel 25 from <a href="/wiki/Yaxchilan" title="Yaxchilan">Yaxchilan</a>, Late Classic, Mexico, 600-900 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bird_pectoral,_Popayan,_gold_alloy,_AD900%E2%80%931600..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 24 - Bird pectoral made from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD"><img alt="Room 24 - Bird pectoral made from gold alloy, Popayán, Colombia, 900-1600 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bird_pectoral%2C_Popayan%2C_gold_alloy%2C_AD900%E2%80%931600..jpg/190px-Bird_pectoral%2C_Popayan%2C_gold_alloy%2C_AD900%E2%80%931600..jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bird_pectoral%2C_Popayan%2C_gold_alloy%2C_AD900%E2%80%931600..jpg/285px-Bird_pectoral%2C_Popayan%2C_gold_alloy%2C_AD900%E2%80%931600..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bird_pectoral%2C_Popayan%2C_gold_alloy%2C_AD900%E2%80%931600..jpg/380px-Bird_pectoral%2C_Popayan%2C_gold_alloy%2C_AD900%E2%80%931600..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 24 - Bird pectoral made from gold alloy, <a href="/wiki/Popay%C3%A1n" title="Popayán">Popayán</a>, Colombia, 900-1600 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoa_Hakananai%27a,_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery"><img alt="Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue Hoa Hakananai'a, 1000 AD, Wellcome Trust Gallery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hoa_Hakananai%27a%2C_British_Museum.jpg/143px-Hoa_Hakananai%27a%2C_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hoa_Hakananai%27a%2C_British_Museum.jpg/214px-Hoa_Hakananai%27a%2C_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hoa_Hakananai%27a%2C_British_Museum.jpg/285px-Hoa_Hakananai%27a%2C_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3448" data-file-height="4592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 24 – Rapa Nui statue <a href="/wiki/Hoa_Hakananai%27a" title="Hoa Hakananai'a">Hoa Hakananai'a</a>, 1000 AD, <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a> Gallery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aztec_double-headed_serpent_-_Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD"><img alt="Room 27 - Double-headed serpent turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Aztec_double-headed_serpent_-_Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/190px-Aztec_double-headed_serpent_-_Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Aztec_double-headed_serpent_-_Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/285px-Aztec_double-headed_serpent_-_Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Aztec_double-headed_serpent_-_Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/380px-Aztec_double-headed_serpent_-_Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4265" data-file-height="3199" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 27 - <a href="/wiki/Double-headed_serpent" title="Double-headed serpent">Double-headed serpent</a> turquoise mosaic, Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum,_London_(8747055335).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD"><img alt="Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, Mixtec-Aztec, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London_%288747055335%29.jpg/190px-Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London_%288747055335%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London_%288747055335%29.jpg/285px-Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London_%288747055335%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London_%288747055335%29.jpg/380px-Denis_Bourez_-_British_Museum%2C_London_%288747055335%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4434" data-file-height="3325" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 27 - Turquoise Mosaic Mask, <a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a>-<a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a>, Mexico, 1400-1500 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AHOTWgold_lama.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD"><img alt="Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, Inca, Peru, about 1500 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/AHOTWgold_lama.JPG/181px-AHOTWgold_lama.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/AHOTWgold_lama.JPG/272px-AHOTWgold_lama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/AHOTWgold_lama.JPG/362px-AHOTWgold_lama.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="1060" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 2 - Miniature gold llama figurine, <a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a>, Peru, about 1500 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benin_Bronzes_at_the_British_Museum_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 25 - Part of the famous collection of Benin brass plaques, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD"><img alt="Room 25 - Part of the famous collection of Benin brass plaques, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Benin_Bronzes_at_the_British_Museum_1.jpg/126px-Benin_Bronzes_at_the_British_Museum_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Benin_Bronzes_at_the_British_Museum_1.jpg/190px-Benin_Bronzes_at_the_British_Museum_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Benin_Bronzes_at_the_British_Museum_1.jpg/253px-Benin_Bronzes_at_the_British_Museum_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 25 - Part of the famous collection of Benin brass plaques, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, 1500-1600 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benin_brass_plaque_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 25 - Detail of one of the Benin brass plaques in the museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD"><img alt="Room 25 - Detail of one of the Benin brass plaques in the museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Benin_brass_plaque_01.jpg/150px-Benin_brass_plaque_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Benin_brass_plaque_01.jpg/226px-Benin_brass_plaque_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Benin_brass_plaque_01.jpg/301px-Benin_brass_plaque_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2510" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 25 - Detail of one of the <a href="/wiki/Benin_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Benin Empire">Benin</a> brass plaques in the museum, Nigeria, 1500-1600 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Idia_mask_BM_Af1910_5-13_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD"><img alt="Room 25 - Benin ivory mask of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Idia_mask_BM_Af1910_5-13_1.jpg/120px-Idia_mask_BM_Af1910_5-13_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Idia_mask_BM_Af1910_5-13_1.jpg/180px-Idia_mask_BM_Af1910_5-13_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Idia_mask_BM_Af1910_5-13_1.jpg/240px-Idia_mask_BM_Af1910_5-13_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2373" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 25 - <a href="/wiki/Benin_ivory_mask" title="Benin ivory mask">Benin ivory mask</a> of Queen Idia, Nigeria, 16th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hawaiian_feather_helmet,_British_Museum_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet or mahiole, late 1700s AD"><img alt="Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet or mahiole, late 1700s AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hawaiian_feather_helmet%2C_British_Museum_3.jpg/190px-Hawaiian_feather_helmet%2C_British_Museum_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hawaiian_feather_helmet%2C_British_Museum_3.jpg/285px-Hawaiian_feather_helmet%2C_British_Museum_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hawaiian_feather_helmet%2C_British_Museum_3.jpg/380px-Hawaiian_feather_helmet%2C_British_Museum_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2377" data-file-height="2191" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 24 - Hawaiian feather helmet or <a href="/wiki/Mahiole" title="Mahiole">mahiole</a>, late 1700s AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hawaiian_bowl.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bowl decorated with pearl shell and boars' tusks, used to serve the intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD"><img alt="Bowl decorated with pearl shell and boars' tusks, used to serve the intoxicating drink kava, Hawaii, late 1700s AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hawaiian_bowl.jpg/188px-Hawaiian_bowl.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hawaiian_bowl.jpg/282px-Hawaiian_bowl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hawaiian_bowl.jpg/376px-Hawaiian_bowl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3361" data-file-height="3401" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bowl decorated with pearl shell and boars' tusks, used to serve the intoxicating drink <a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">kava</a>, Hawaii, late 1700s AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_museum,_totem.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD"><img alt="Great Court - Two house frontal totem poles, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/British_museum%2C_totem.JPG/68px-British_museum%2C_totem.JPG" decoding="async" width="68" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/British_museum%2C_totem.JPG/102px-British_museum%2C_totem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/British_museum%2C_totem.JPG/136px-British_museum%2C_totem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Great Court - Two house frontal <a href="/wiki/Kayung_totem_pole" title="Kayung totem pole">totem poles</a>, Haida, British Columbia, Canada, about 1850 AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punu_mask_BM_Af1904_11-22_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 25 - Mask (wood and pigment); Punu people, Gabon, 19th century AD"><img alt="Room 25 - Mask (wood and pigment); Punu people, Gabon, 19th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Punu_mask_BM_Af1904_11-22_1.jpg/131px-Punu_mask_BM_Af1904_11-22_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Punu_mask_BM_Af1904_11-22_1.jpg/197px-Punu_mask_BM_Af1904_11-22_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Punu_mask_BM_Af1904_11-22_1.jpg/263px-Punu_mask_BM_Af1904_11-22_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="2395" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 25 - Mask (wood and pigment); Punu people, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, 19th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Otobo_masquerade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 25 - Otobo masquerade in the Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD"><img alt="Room 25 - Otobo masquerade in the Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Otobo_masquerade.jpg/142px-Otobo_masquerade.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Otobo_masquerade.jpg/214px-Otobo_masquerade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Otobo_masquerade.jpg/285px-Otobo_masquerade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 25 - Otobo masquerade in the Africa Gallery, Nigeria, 20th century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Anatsui_-_Man%27s_Cloth.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 25 - Modern interpretation of kente cloth from Ghana, late 20th century AD"><img alt="Room 25 - Modern interpretation of kente cloth from Ghana, late 20th century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/El_Anatsui_-_Man%27s_Cloth.jpg/190px-El_Anatsui_-_Man%27s_Cloth.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/El_Anatsui_-_Man%27s_Cloth.jpg/285px-El_Anatsui_-_Man%27s_Cloth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/El_Anatsui_-_Man%27s_Cloth.jpg/380px-El_Anatsui_-_Man%27s_Cloth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 25 - Modern interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Kente_cloth" title="Kente cloth">kente cloth</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, late 20th century AD</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Money_and_Medals">Department of Money and Medals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Department of Money and Medals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Coins_and_Medals" title="British Museum Department of Coins and Medals">British Museum Department of Coins and Medals</a></div> <p>The British Museum is home to one of the world's finest <a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatic</a> collections, comprising about a million objects, including coins, medals, tokens and paper money. The collection spans the entire history of coinage from its origins in the 7th century BC to the present day and is representative of both the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_world" title="Eastern world">East</a> and West. The Department of Coins and Medals was created in 1861 and celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Conservation_and_Scientific_Research">Department of Conservation and Scientific Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Department of Conservation and Scientific Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This department was founded in 1920. <a href="/wiki/Conservation_(cultural_heritage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation (cultural heritage)">Conservation</a> has six specialist areas: ceramics & glass; metals; organic material (including textiles); stone, wall paintings and mosaics; Eastern pictorial art and Western pictorial art. The science department<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has and continues to develop techniques to date artefacts, analyse and identify the materials used in their manufacture, to identify the place an artefact originated and the techniques used in their creation. The department also publishes its findings and discoveries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries_and_archives">Libraries and archives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Libraries and archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This department covers all levels of education, from casual visitors, schools, degree level and beyond. The museum's various libraries hold in excess of 350,000 books, journals and pamphlets covering all areas of the museum's collection. Also the general museum archives which date from its foundation in 1753 are overseen by this department; the individual departments have their own separate archives and libraries covering their various areas of responsibility, which can be consulted by the public on application. The <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a> Library is especially large, with 120,000 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hamlyn" title="Paul Hamlyn">Paul Hamlyn</a> Library, which had become the central reference library of the British Museum and the only library there freely open to the general public, closed permanently in August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The website and online database of the collection also provide increasing amounts of information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_Museum_Press">British Museum Press</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: British Museum Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutbmp_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutbmp-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BMP publishes both popular and scholarly illustrated books to accompany the exhibition programme and explore aspects of the general collection. Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutbmp_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutbmp-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholarly titles are published in the Research Publications series, all of which are <a href="/wiki/Peer-reviewed" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer-reviewed">peer-reviewed</a>. This series was started in 1978 and was originally called Occasional Papers. The series is designed to disseminate research on items in the collection. To date, over 200 books have been published in this series. Between six and eight titles are published each year in this series.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can be found on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishmuseum.iro.bl.uk/collections/40df3995-f6af-4278-a7c4-c0964f52c91d?locale=en">British Museum Research Repository</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies_and_criticism">Controversies and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Controversies and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contested_artefacts">Contested artefacts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Contested artefacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elgin_Marbles_east_pediment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Elgin_Marbles_east_pediment.jpg/220px-Elgin_Marbles_east_pediment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Elgin_Marbles_east_pediment.jpg/330px-Elgin_Marbles_east_pediment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Elgin_Marbles_east_pediment.jpg/440px-Elgin_Marbles_east_pediment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>A few of the <a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Elgin Marbles</a> (also known as the Parthenon Marbles) from the East <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">Pediment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> in Athens.</figcaption></figure> <p>It is a point of controversy whether museums should possess artefacts illegally taken from other countries,<sup id="cite_ref-looted_art_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-looted_art-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the British Museum is a notable target for criticism. The <a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Elgin Marbles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Benin_Bronzes" title="Benin Bronzes">Benin Bronzes</a>, Ethiopian <a href="/wiki/Tabot" title="Tabot">Tabots</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a> are among the most disputed objects in its collections, and organisations have been formed demanding the return of these artefacts to their native countries. </p><p>The Elgin Marbles or Parthenon Marbles claimed by Greece have been cited by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, among others, for restitution. From 1801 to 1812, Lord Elgin's agents removed about half of the surviving sculptures from the Parthenon, as well as sculptures from the <a href="/wiki/Propylaea_(Acropolis_of_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propylaea (Acropolis of Athens)">Propylaea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheum</a>. The former director of the museum has stated, "We are indebted to Elgin for having rescued the Parthenon sculptures and others from the Acropolis from the destruction they were suffering, as well as from the damage that the Acropolis monuments, including the sculptures that he did not remove, have suffered since."<sup id="cite_ref-:02_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British Museum itself damaged some of the artefacts during restoration in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2022, the British Museum had entered into preliminary negotiations with the Greek government about the future of the sculptures.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also controversy over artefacts taken during the <a href="/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace#Destruction" title="Old Summer Palace">destruction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace" title="Old Summer Palace">Old Summer Palace</a> in Beijing by an Anglo-French expeditionary force during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a> in 1860, an event which drew protest from <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British Museum and the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>, among others, have been asked since 2009 to open their archives for investigation by a team of Chinese investigators as a part of an international mission to document Chinese national treasures in foreign collections.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 <a href="/wiki/Neil_MacGregor" title="Neil MacGregor">Neil MacGregor</a>, the former Director of the British Museum, said he hoped that both British and Chinese investigators would work together on the controversial collection.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020 the museum appointed a curator to research the history of its collections, including disputed items.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British Museum has stated that the "restitutionist premise, that whatever was made in a country must return to an original geographical site, would empty both the British Museum and the other great museums of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum has also argued that the British Museum Act of 1963 prevents any object from leaving its collection once it has entered it. "The Museum owns its collections, but its Trustees are not empowered to dispose of them".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, it has returned items such as Tasmanian Aboriginal burial remains when this was consistent with legislation regarding the disposal of items in the collections.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_contested_artefacts">List of contested artefacts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: List of contested artefacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Elgin Marbles</a> – claimed by Greece and backed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> among others for restitution<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Bronzes" title="Benin Bronzes">Benin Bronzes</a> – claimed by Nigeria; the Nigerian government has passed a resolution demanding the return of all 700 bronze pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 30 pieces of the bronzes were sold by the British Museum privately from the 1950s until 1972, mostly back to the Nigerians.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a> – claimed by Egypt<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ethiopian <a href="/wiki/Tabot" title="Tabot">Tabots</a>, Pre-Axumite Civilisation Coins – claimed by Ethiopia<sup id="cite_ref-IndieNov2008_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndieNov2008-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman2006_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman2006-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxus_Treasure" title="Oxus Treasure">Oxus Treasure</a> – in 2007 the President of Tajikistan ordered experts to look into making a claim for these <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> gold and silver artefacts.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang_manuscripts" title="Dunhuang manuscripts">Dunhuang manuscripts</a>, part of a cache of scrolls, manuscripts, paintings, scriptures, and relics from the <a href="/wiki/Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao Caves</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Sutra" title="Diamond Sutra">Diamond Sutra</a> – claimed by the People's Republic of China<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Aboriginal shield – claimed by Aboriginal people of Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_Hakananai%27a" title="Hoa Hakananai'a">Hoa Hakananai'a</a> – claimed by Chile on behalf of Easter Island<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Irish artefacts — the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Shrine_of_St._Cuile%C3%A1in" title="Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin">Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Londesborough_Brooch" title="Londesborough Brooch">Londesborough Brooch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">swords</a>, half of the <a href="/wiki/Dowris_Hoard" title="Dowris Hoard">Dowris Hoard</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Mooghaun_North_Hoard" title="Mooghaun North Hoard">Mooghaun North Hoard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dunaverney_flesh-hook" title="Dunaverney flesh-hook">Dunaverney flesh-hook</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kells_Crozier" title="Kells Crozier">Kells Crozier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">torcs</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_plaque" title="Crucifixion plaque">crucifixion plaques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armlets" class="mw-redirect" title="Armlets">armlets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seals</a>, religious plaques, and <a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">rings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_artefacts_in_museums_outside_Wales" title="Welsh artefacts in museums outside Wales">Welsh artefacts</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Mold_gold_cape" title="Mold gold cape">Mold gold cape</a><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Rhos_Rydd_Shield" title="Rhos Rydd Shield">Rhos Rydd Shield</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moel_Hebog_shield" title="Moel Hebog shield">Moel Hebog shield</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Llanllyfni_lunula" title="Llanllyfni lunula">Llanllyfni lunula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Four stolen drawings (<a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a>) – Compensation paid to Uri Peled for the amount of £175,000 by the British Museum<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation_and_reburial_of_human_remains" title="Repatriation and reburial of human remains">Repatriation and reburial of human remains</a> is a controversial issue, and the British Museum has issued a policy on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nazi-looted_art">Nazi-looted art</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Nazi-looted art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002 the heirs of Arthur Feldmann, an art collector murdered in the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, requested that four old master drawings stolen by the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> in 1939 be returned to the family. A UK High Court judge ruled in 2005 that it would be illegal for the British Museum to return artworks looted by the Nazis to a Jewish family, despite its willingness and moral obligation to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law was changed in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and again in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> giving museums additional powers to return looted art or provide compensation. Feldmann's heirs accepted a compensation payment for a looted drawing and stated that they were happy the drawing would remain in the British Museum collection.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the British Museum Spoliation report published by the Collections Trust in 2017, "Around 30% of some 21,350 continental and British drawings acquired since 1933 have an uncertain or incomplete provenance for the 1933–1945 period".<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum lists these works on its website and investigates claims for restitution.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BP_sponsorship">BP sponsorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: BP sponsorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2016, there have been a number of protests by activist groups, trade unions and the public against the British Museum's relationship with the oil company <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> which the protesters believe implicates the museum in global warming.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2019, <a href="/wiki/Ahdaf_Soueif" title="Ahdaf Soueif">Ahdaf Soueif</a> resigned from the British Museum's board of trustees in protest against the sponsorship.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2020, 1,500 demonstrators, including British Museum staff, took part in a day of protest over the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2023, it was announced that the British Museum had agreed to a new £50 million sponsorship deal with BP.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairman's_Advisory_Group"><span id="Chairman.27s_Advisory_Group"></span>Chairman's Advisory Group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Chairman's Advisory Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chairman's Advisory Group is an informal group of business leaders who provide advice to the chairman on various issues including the museum's relationship with the British government and policy on the museum's collections. Its existence was made public after a freedom of information request by a group campaigning against the museum's links with the fossil fuel industry. The museum has declined to name the members of the advisory group as they are acting in their personal capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thefts">Thefts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Thefts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thefts from the museum include: several historic coins and medals in the 1970s;<sup id="cite_ref-bbcknow_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcknow-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 17th-century Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kakiemon" title="Kakiemon">Kakiemon</a> figure in 1990; two <a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji</a> figurines and a fragment of a gold ring in 1991; fifteen Roman coins and jewellery worth £250,000 in 1993; and a Japanese chest and two Persian books in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2002 a marble head, valued at £50,000, was stolen from the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic Greek</a> gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, 15 Chinese artefacts including jewels, ornate hairpins and fingernail guards were stolen. In 2017, it was revealed that a <a href="/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)" title="Cartier (jeweler)">Cartier</a> diamond had been missing since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcknow_155-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcknow-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2023, a staff member was fired after it emerged that items including gold, jewellery and gems had been stolen over a "significant" period of time. The incident led to an investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> and an independent review by the museum.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the missing artefacts were later found to have been sold on <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> for considerably less than their estimated value.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcknow_155-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcknow-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum had been warned of the thefts as early as 2021. The museum's director, <a href="/wiki/Hartwig_Fischer" title="Hartwig Fischer">Hartwig Fischer</a>, resigned because of the museum's inadequate response to the warnings of theft.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of artefacts stolen was estimated to be about 2,000.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence of the thefts, the museum announced a five-year plan to digitise the complete collection and make it available to view online.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May 2024, 626 of the missing items had been recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_settlement">Copyright settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Copyright settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2023, the British Museum reached a settlement with the translator Yilin Wang over her translations of poetry by <a href="/wiki/Qiu_Jin" title="Qiu Jin">Qiu Jin</a>. The museum had used her work without credit or permission in their exhibition <i>China's Hidden Century</i> which ran between May 2023 and October 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galleries">Galleries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Building</dt></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM,_Main_Floor_Main_Entrance_Hall_~_South_Stairs.6.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Main Staircase, Discobolus of Myron (the Discus-Thrower)"><img alt="Main Staircase, Discobolus of Myron (the Discus-Thrower)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BM%2C_Main_Floor_Main_Entrance_Hall_~_South_Stairs.6.JPG/120px-BM%2C_Main_Floor_Main_Entrance_Hall_~_South_Stairs.6.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BM%2C_Main_Floor_Main_Entrance_Hall_~_South_Stairs.6.JPG/180px-BM%2C_Main_Floor_Main_Entrance_Hall_~_South_Stairs.6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BM%2C_Main_Floor_Main_Entrance_Hall_~_South_Stairs.6.JPG/240px-BM%2C_Main_Floor_Main_Entrance_Hall_~_South_Stairs.6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main Staircase, <a href="/wiki/Discobolus" title="Discobolus">Discobolus of Myron</a> (the Discus-Thrower)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_Reading_Room_Panorama_Feb_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="British Museum Reading Room"><img alt="British Museum Reading Room" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/British_Museum_Reading_Room_Panorama_Feb_2006.jpg/120px-British_Museum_Reading_Room_Panorama_Feb_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/British_Museum_Reading_Room_Panorama_Feb_2006.jpg/180px-British_Museum_Reading_Room_Panorama_Feb_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/British_Museum_Reading_Room_Panorama_Feb_2006.jpg/240px-British_Museum_Reading_Room_Panorama_Feb_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4996" data-file-height="1701" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Reading_Room" title="British Museum Reading Room">British Museum Reading Room</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_2010-06-04_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceiling of the Great Court and the black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, c. 350 BC"><img alt="Ceiling of the Great Court and the black siltstone obelisks of Nectanebo II, c. 350 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/British_Museum_2010-06-04_B.jpg/120px-British_Museum_2010-06-04_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/British_Museum_2010-06-04_B.jpg/180px-British_Museum_2010-06-04_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/British_Museum_2010-06-04_B.jpg/240px-British_Museum_2010-06-04_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3627" data-file-height="2718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceiling of the Great Court and the black siltstone obelisks of <a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350 BC</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary,_6_Sep_2007_-_183.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster in the Great Court"><img alt="Detail of an Ionic capital on a pilaster in the Great Court" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_183.jpg/120px-Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_183.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_183.jpg/180px-Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_183.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_183.jpg/240px-Flickr_-_Nic%27s_events_-_British_Museum_with_Cory_and_Mary%2C_6_Sep_2007_-_183.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of an <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> capital on a pilaster in the Great Court</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:England;_London_-_The_British_Museum,_Facade_South_Front_~_-Main_Entrance_%2B_West_Wing-_Colonnade_%2B_The_Africa_Garden.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="African Garden – created by BBC TV programme Ground Force"><img alt="African Garden – created by BBC TV programme Ground Force" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Facade_South_Front_~_-Main_Entrance_%2B_West_Wing-_Colonnade_%2B_The_Africa_Garden.2.jpg/120px-England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Facade_South_Front_~_-Main_Entrance_%2B_West_Wing-_Colonnade_%2B_The_Africa_Garden.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Facade_South_Front_~_-Main_Entrance_%2B_West_Wing-_Colonnade_%2B_The_Africa_Garden.2.jpg/180px-England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Facade_South_Front_~_-Main_Entrance_%2B_West_Wing-_Colonnade_%2B_The_Africa_Garden.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Facade_South_Front_~_-Main_Entrance_%2B_West_Wing-_Colonnade_%2B_The_Africa_Garden.2.jpg/240px-England%3B_London_-_The_British_Museum%2C_Facade_South_Front_~_-Main_Entrance_%2B_West_Wing-_Colonnade_%2B_The_Africa_Garden.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">African Garden – created by <a href="/wiki/BBC_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC TV">BBC TV</a> programme <a href="/wiki/Ground_Force" title="Ground Force">Ground Force</a></div> </li> </ul> <dl><dt>Museum galleries</dt></dl> <p><i>Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan</i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM,_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_(Room_4),_View_South_%2B_Towards_Assyrian_Sculpture_Gallery_(Room_6).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards the Assyrian Transept"><img alt="Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards the Assyrian Transept" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_South_%2B_Towards_Assyrian_Sculpture_Gallery_%28Room_6%29.JPG/120px-BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_South_%2B_Towards_Assyrian_Sculpture_Gallery_%28Room_6%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_South_%2B_Towards_Assyrian_Sculpture_Gallery_%28Room_6%29.JPG/180px-BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_South_%2B_Towards_Assyrian_Sculpture_Gallery_%28Room_6%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_South_%2B_Towards_Assyrian_Sculpture_Gallery_%28Room_6%29.JPG/240px-BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_South_%2B_Towards_Assyrian_Sculpture_Gallery_%28Room_6%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 4 – Egyptian Sculpture, view towards the Assyrian Transept</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM,_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_(Room_4),_View_North.3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 4"><img alt="Room 4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_North.3.JPG/90px-BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_North.3.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_North.3.JPG/135px-BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_North.3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_North.3.JPG/180px-BM%2C_AES_Egyptian_Sculpture_%28Room_4%29%2C_View_North.3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 4</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Gallery.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 4"><img alt="Room 4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Egyptian_Gallery.JPG/120px-Egyptian_Gallery.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Egyptian_Gallery.JPG/180px-Egyptian_Gallery.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Egyptian_Gallery.JPG/240px-Egyptian_Gallery.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 4</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Department of the Middle East</i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_RM6_-_ANE,_Assyrian_Sculpture_32_-East_(N),_Centre_Island_%2B_North_Wall-_~_Assyrian_Empire_%2B_-Lamassu,_Stela%27s,_Statue%27s,_Obelisk%27s,_Relief_Panel%27s_%26_Full_Projection.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture"><img alt="The British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BM%3B_RM6_-_ANE%2C_Assyrian_Sculpture_32_-East_%28N%29%2C_Centre_Island_%2B_North_Wall-_~_Assyrian_Empire_%2B_-Lamassu%2C_Stela%27s%2C_Statue%27s%2C_Obelisk%27s%2C_Relief_Panel%27s_%26_Full_Projection.1.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BM%3B_RM6_-_ANE%2C_Assyrian_Sculpture_32_-East_%28N%29%2C_Centre_Island_%2B_North_Wall-_~_Assyrian_Empire_%2B_-Lamassu%2C_Stela%27s%2C_Statue%27s%2C_Obelisk%27s%2C_Relief_Panel%27s_%26_Full_Projection.1.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BM%3B_RM6_-_ANE%2C_Assyrian_Sculpture_32_-East_%28N%29%2C_Centre_Island_%2B_North_Wall-_~_Assyrian_Empire_%2B_-Lamassu%2C_Stela%27s%2C_Statue%27s%2C_Obelisk%27s%2C_Relief_Panel%27s_%26_Full_Projection.1.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The British Museum, Room 6 – Assyrian Sculpture</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_RM8_-_ANE,_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_75_South_%2B_East_Wall_(S)_~_Central_Palace_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_(744-727_B.C)_%2B_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu from Nimrud & reliefs from the palace of Tiglath-Pileser III"><img alt="Room 8 – Pair of Lamassu from Nimrud & reliefs from the palace of Tiglath-Pileser III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/BM%3B_RM8_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_75_South_%2B_East_Wall_%28S%29_~_Central_Palace_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_%28744-727_B.C%29_%2B_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.1.JPG/120px-BM%3B_RM8_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_75_South_%2B_East_Wall_%28S%29_~_Central_Palace_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_%28744-727_B.C%29_%2B_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/BM%3B_RM8_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_75_South_%2B_East_Wall_%28S%29_~_Central_Palace_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_%28744-727_B.C%29_%2B_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.1.JPG/180px-BM%3B_RM8_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_75_South_%2B_East_Wall_%28S%29_~_Central_Palace_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_%28744-727_B.C%29_%2B_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/BM%3B_RM8_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_75_South_%2B_East_Wall_%28S%29_~_Central_Palace_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_%28744-727_B.C%29_%2B_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.1.JPG/240px-BM%3B_RM8_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_75_South_%2B_East_Wall_%28S%29_~_Central_Palace_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_%28744-727_B.C%29_%2B_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 8 – Pair of <a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassu</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a> & reliefs from the palace of <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Tiglath-Pileser III</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_RM7_-_ANE,_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_1_Northwest_Palace_of_Ashurnasirpal_II_(883-859_B.C)_~_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 7 – Reliefs from the North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud"><img alt="Room 7 – Reliefs from the North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_1_Northwest_Palace_of_Ashurnasirpal_II_%28883-859_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.JPG/120px-BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_1_Northwest_Palace_of_Ashurnasirpal_II_%28883-859_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_1_Northwest_Palace_of_Ashurnasirpal_II_%28883-859_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.JPG/180px-BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_1_Northwest_Palace_of_Ashurnasirpal_II_%28883-859_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_1_Northwest_Palace_of_Ashurnasirpal_II_%28883-859_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.JPG/240px-BM%3B_RM7_-_ANE%2C_Nimrud_Palace_Reliefs_1_Northwest_Palace_of_Ashurnasirpal_II_%28883-859_B.C%29_~_Full_Elevation_%26_Viewing_South.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 7 – Reliefs from the North-west palace of <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_ANE_-_RM_89,_Assyrian_Reliefs_~_Nineveh.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 89 – Nimrud & Nineveh Palace Reliefs"><img alt="Room 89 – Nimrud & Nineveh Palace Reliefs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_89%2C_Assyrian_Reliefs_~_Nineveh.JPG/120px-BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_89%2C_Assyrian_Reliefs_~_Nineveh.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_89%2C_Assyrian_Reliefs_~_Nineveh.JPG/180px-BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_89%2C_Assyrian_Reliefs_~_Nineveh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_89%2C_Assyrian_Reliefs_~_Nineveh.JPG/240px-BM%3B_ANE_-_RM_89%2C_Assyrian_Reliefs_~_Nineveh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 89 – <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a> & Nineveh Palace Reliefs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_ANE_-_Nineveh,_The_Royal_Lion_Hunt_(Room_10).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 10 – Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt"><img alt="Room 10 – Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BM%3B_ANE_-_Nineveh%2C_The_Royal_Lion_Hunt_%28Room_10%29.JPG/120px-BM%3B_ANE_-_Nineveh%2C_The_Royal_Lion_Hunt_%28Room_10%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BM%3B_ANE_-_Nineveh%2C_The_Royal_Lion_Hunt_%28Room_10%29.JPG/180px-BM%3B_ANE_-_Nineveh%2C_The_Royal_Lion_Hunt_%28Room_10%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BM%3B_ANE_-_Nineveh%2C_The_Royal_Lion_Hunt_%28Room_10%29.JPG/240px-BM%3B_ANE_-_Nineveh%2C_The_Royal_Lion_Hunt_%28Room_10%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 10 – Nineveh, The Royal Lion Hunt</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Department of Greece and Rome</i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parthenon_Frieze.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 18 – Ancient Greece"><img alt="Room 18 – Ancient Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Parthenon_Frieze.JPG/120px-Parthenon_Frieze.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Parthenon_Frieze.JPG/180px-Parthenon_Frieze.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Parthenon_Frieze.JPG/240px-Parthenon_Frieze.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 18 – Ancient Greece</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi & Greek Vases, Lycia, 360 BC"><img alt="Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi & Greek Vases, Lycia, 360 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg/120px-Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg/180px-Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg/240px-Tomb_of_Merehi_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 20a – Tomb of Merehi & Greek Vases, <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>, 360 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Museum_-_Room_85,_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman"><img alt="Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/British_Museum_-_Room_85%2C_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG/120px-British_Museum_-_Room_85%2C_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/British_Museum_-_Room_85%2C_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG/180px-British_Museum_-_Room_85%2C_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/British_Museum_-_Room_85%2C_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG/240px-British_Museum_-_Room_85%2C_Roman_Portrait_Sculpture.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 85 – Portrait Sculpture, Roman</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Townley_Sculptures.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures"><img alt="Room 84 – Towneley Roman Sculptures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Townley_Sculptures.JPG/120px-Townley_Sculptures.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Townley_Sculptures.JPG/180px-Townley_Sculptures.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Townley_Sculptures.JPG/240px-Townley_Sculptures.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 84 – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Towneley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Towneley">Towneley</a> Roman Sculptures</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Main Staircase – Discobolus, Roman"><img alt="Main Staircase – Discobolus, Roman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG/96px-SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG/144px-SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG/192px-SFEC_BritMus_Roman_022.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main Staircase – <a href="/wiki/Discobolus" title="Discobolus">Discobolus</a>, Roman</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Townley_Caryatid_(anterior).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD"><img alt="Main Staircase – Townley Caryatid, Roman, 140–160 AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Townley_Caryatid_%28anterior%29.jpg/77px-The_Townley_Caryatid_%28anterior%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Townley_Caryatid_%28anterior%29.jpg/115px-The_Townley_Caryatid_%28anterior%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Townley_Caryatid_%28anterior%29.jpg/154px-The_Townley_Caryatid_%28anterior%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3430" data-file-height="5339" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main Staircase – <a href="/wiki/Townley_Caryatid" title="Townley Caryatid">Townley Caryatid</a>, Roman, 140–160 AD</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_and_online">Digital and online</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Digital and online"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The museum has a collaboration with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the collection online.<sup id="cite_ref-gci_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gci-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf">Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum</a></i>, by Joanna Bowring (British Museum Research Paper 189, 2012) lists all temporary exhibitions from 1838 to 2012.</li> <li>Helen Wang, 2022. ‘Displays of money and medals at the British Museum, 1759 to 2022’, <i>Numismatic Chronicle</i> 182, pp. 313-338.</li></ul> <p><i>Forgotten Empire Exhibition</i> (October 2005 – January 2006) </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 732px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition,_(Room_5).1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama"><img alt="Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.1.JPG/140px-Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.1.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.1.JPG/210px-Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.1.JPG/280px-Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 5 – Exhibitions Panorama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Museum,_Room_5-Persepolis_Bas-relief.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 5 – The Persepolis Casts"><img alt="Room 5 – The Persepolis Casts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_British_Museum%2C_Room_5-Persepolis_Bas-relief.jpg/140px-The_British_Museum%2C_Room_5-Persepolis_Bas-relief.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_British_Museum%2C_Room_5-Persepolis_Bas-relief.jpg/210px-The_British_Museum%2C_Room_5-Persepolis_Bas-relief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_British_Museum%2C_Room_5-Persepolis_Bas-relief.jpg/280px-The_British_Museum%2C_Room_5-Persepolis_Bas-relief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 5 – The <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a> Casts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition,_(Room_5).3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics"><img alt="Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.3.JPG/140px-BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.3.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.3.JPG/210px-BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.3.JPG/280px-BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_%28Room_5%29.3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 5 – Exhibitions Relics</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BM;_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition,_The_Cyrus_Cylinder_(Room_5).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Room 5 – The Cyrus Cylinder"><img alt="Room 5 – The Cyrus Cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_The_Cyrus_Cylinder_%28Room_5%29.JPG/105px-BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_The_Cyrus_Cylinder_%28Room_5%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_The_Cyrus_Cylinder_%28Room_5%29.JPG/157px-BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_The_Cyrus_Cylinder_%28Room_5%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_The_Cyrus_Cylinder_%28Room_5%29.JPG/210px-BM%3B_ANE_-_Forgotten_Empire_Exhibition%2C_The_Cyrus_Cylinder_%28Room_5%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Room 5 – The <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Cylinder" title="Cyrus Cylinder">Cyrus Cylinder</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>From January to April 2012 the museum presented <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj:_Journey_to_the_Heart_of_Islam" title="Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam">Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam</a></i>, the first major exhibition on the topic of the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a>, the pilgrimage that is one of the <a href="/wiki/Five_pillars_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Five pillars of Islam">five pillars of Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_all-female_UK_terror_plot" title="2016–17 all-female UK terror plot">2016–17 all-female UK terror plot</a> – involved a plan to attack the British Museum</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Among the national museums in London, sculpture and <a href="/wiki/Decorative_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorative art">decorative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Applied_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Applied art">applied art</a> are in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>; the British Museum houses earlier art, non-Western art, prints and drawings. The <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a> holds the national collection of Western European art to about 1900, while art of the 20th century on is at <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a> holds British Art from 1500 onwards. Books, manuscripts and many works on paper are in the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. There are significant overlaps between the coverage of the various collections.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By the Act of Parliament it received a name – the British Museum. The origin of the name is not known; the word 'British' had some resonance nationally at this period, so soon after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745; it must be assumed that the museum was christened in this light.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The estimated footage of the various libraries as reported to the trustees has been summarised by Harris (1998), 3,6: Sloane 4,600, Harley 1,700, Cotton 384, Edwards 576, The Royal Library 1,890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This was perhaps rather unfortunate as the title to the house was complicated by the fact that part of the building had been erected on leasehold property (the Crown lease of which ran out in 1771); perhaps that is why <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> paid such a modest price (nominally £28,000) for what was to become Buckingham Palace. See <a href="/wiki/Howard_Colvin" title="Howard Colvin">Howard Colvin</a> <i>et al.</i> (1976), 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Understanding of the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery, London">National Gallery</a> is complicated by the fact that there is no documented history of the institution. At first the National Gallery functioned effectively as part of the British Museum, to which the <a href="/wiki/Trustee" title="Trustee">trustees</a> transferred most of their most important pictures (ex. portraits). Full control was handed over to the National Gallery in 1868, after the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_Act_1856" title="National Gallery Act 1856">National Gallery Act 1856</a> established the gallery as an independent body.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashmole, the Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities appreciated the original top-lighting of these galleries and removed the Victorian colour scheme, commenting: <blockquote><p>The old Elgin Gallery was painted a deep terracotta red, which, though in some ways satisfactory, diminished its apparent size, and was apt to produce a depressing effect on the visitor. It was decided to experiment with lighter colours, and the walls of the large room were painted with what was, at its first application, a pure cold white, but which after a year's exposure had unfortunately yellowed. The small Elgin Room was painted with pure white tinted with prussian blue, and the Room of the metopes was painted with pure white tinted with cobalt blue and black; it was necessary, for practical reasons, to colour all the dadoes a darker colour<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashmole had never liked the Duveen Gallery: <blockquote><p>It is, I suppose, not positively bad, but it could have been infinitely better. It is pretentious, in that it uses the ancient Marbles to decorate itself. This is a long outmoded idea, and the exact opposite of what a sculpture gallery should do. And, although it incorporates them, it is out of scale, and tends to dwarf them with its bogus Doric features, including those columns, supporting almost nothing which would have made an ancient Greek artist architect wince. The source of daylight is too high above the sculptures, a fault that is only concealed by the amount of reflection from the pinkish marble walls. These are too similar in colour to the marbles... These half-dozen elementary errors were pointed out by everyone in the Museum, and by many scholars outside, when the building was projected.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> It was not until the 1980s that the installation of a lighting scheme removed his greatest criticism of the building.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Cairo Museum has 200,000 artefacts, with leading collections reposited at the Egyptian Museum of Berlin (100,000), Musée du Louvre (60,000), Petrie Museum (80,000), The Metropolitan Museum of art (26,000), University of Pennsylvania (42,000), Ashmolean Museum (40,000), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (40,000), Museo Egizio, Turin (32,500 objects).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx">"Collection size"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812061205/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Collection+size&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fabout_us%2Fmanagement%2Fabout_us.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALVA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ALVA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ALVA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-68577122">"British Museum is the most-visited UK attraction again"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240318082106/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-68577122">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=British+Museum+is+the+most-visited+UK+attraction+again&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-london-68577122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Riel2017" class="citation web cs1">van Riel, Cees (30 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33">"Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Ranking+The+World%27s+Most+Admired+Art+Museums%2C+And+What+Big+Business+Can+Learn+From+Them&rft.date=2017-10-30&rft.aulast=van+Riel&rft.aufirst=Cees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Frsmdiscovery%2F2017%2F10%2F30%2Franking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them%2F%3Fsh%3D1f0cee263b33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx">"History of the British Museum"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=History+of+the+British+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fabout_us%2Fthe_museums_story%2Fgeneral_history.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane">"The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane"</a>. <i>The British Library</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Library&rft.atitle=The+Life+and+Curiosity+of+Hans+Sloane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fevents%2Fthe-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosetta_stone-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rosetta_stone_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html">"The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 9 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+Big+Question%3A+What+is+the+Rosetta+Stone%2C+and+should+Britain+return&rft.date=2009-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthis-britain%2Fthe-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-looted_art-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-looted_art_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-looted_art_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTharoor2015" class="citation news cs1">Tharoor, Kanishk (29 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture">"Museums and looted art: the ethical dilemma of preserving world cultures"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610134203/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Museums+and+looted+art%3A+the+ethical+dilemma+of+preserving+world+cultures&rft.date=2015-06-29&rft.aulast=Tharoor&rft.aufirst=Kanishk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2015%2Fjun%2F29%2Fmuseums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents">"British Library Act 1972"</a>. <i>legislation.gov.uk</i>. 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=British+Library+Act+1972&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1972%2F54%2Fcontents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx">"Admission and opening times"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. 14 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Admission+and+opening+times&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fvisiting%2Fadmission_and_opening_times.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml">"BBC – History – British History in depth: Slavery and the Building of Britain"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205004223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/building_britain_gallery_05.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+History+%E2%80%93+British+History+in+depth%3A+Slavery+and+the+Building+of+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fabolition%2Fbuilding_britain_gallery_05.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102202555/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html">"Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum"</a>. Fathom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session1.html">the original</a> on 2 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creating+a+Great+Museum%3A+Early+Collectors+and+The+British+Museum&rft.pub=Fathom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fathom.com%2Fcourse%2F21701728%2Fsession1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx">"General history"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. 14 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120412162528/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history/general_history.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=General+history&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fhistory%2Fgeneral_history.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_de_Beer" title="Gavin de Beer">de Beer, Gavin R.</a> (1953). <i>Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum</i>. London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The question of the use of the term 'British' at this period has recently received some attention, e.g. Colley (1992), 85ff. There never has been a serious attempt to change the museum's name.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to Charles Long (1823), BMCE115/3,10. Scrapbooks and illustrations of the Museum. Wilson, David M. (2002). <i>The British Museum: A History</i>. London: The British Museum Press, p. 346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001">"The British Museum Images"</a>. Bmimages. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191549/http://www.bmimages.com/preview.asp?image=00032676001&imagex=90&searchnum=0001">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+British+Museum+Images&rft.pub=Bmimages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmimages.com%2Fpreview.asp%3Fimage%3D00032676001%26imagex%3D90%26searchnum%3D0001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-world_and_its_people-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-world_and_its_people_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-world_and_its_people_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunton1896" class="citation book cs1">Dunton, Larkin (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog"><i>The World and Its People</i></a>. Silver, Burdett. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n46">38</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+and+Its+People&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Silver%2C+Burdett&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Dunton&rft.aufirst=Larkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldanditspeop05duntgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2002" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, David, M. (2002). <i>The British Museum: A History</i>. London: The British Museum Press. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Museum%3A+A+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=The+British+Museum+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=David%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavendish2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Cavendish, Richard (January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened">"The British Museum opened on January 15th, 1759"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a></i>. Vol. 59, no. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117213759/http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/british-museum-opened">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=The+British+Museum+opened+on+January+15th%2C+1759&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2009-01&rft.aulast=Cavendish&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Frichard-cavendish%2Fbritish-museum-opened&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2018" class="citation journal cs1">Rose, ED (15 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf">"Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>British Journal for the History of Science</i>. <b>51</b> (2): 205–237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007087418000249">10.1017/S0007087418000249</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29655387">29655387</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/275144/1/Edwin%20D.%20Rose%2c%20Specimens%2c%20Slips%20and%20Systems.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+for+the+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=Specimens%2C+slips+and+systems%3A+Daniel+Solander+and+the+classification+of+nature+at+the+world%27s+first+public+museum%2C+1753%E2%80%931768.&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=205-237&rft.date=2018-04-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0007087418000249&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29655387&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=ED&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.cam.ac.uk%2Fbitstream%2F1810%2F275144%2F1%2FEdwin%2520D.%2520Rose%252c%2520Specimens%252c%2520Slips%2520and%2520Systems.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library">"Collection Guides – King's Library"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807055224/https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/the-kings-library">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collection+Guides+%E2%80%93+King%27s+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-guides%2Fthe-kings-library&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoock2010-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoock2010_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoock2010" class="citation book cs1">Hoock, Holger (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207"><i>Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850</i></a>. Profile Books. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781861978592" title="Special:BookSources/9781861978592"><bdi>9781861978592</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094930/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuW554NdWk8C&q=%22william+hamilton%22%22british+museum%22+greek+vases&pg=PA207">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+of+the+Imagination%3A+Politics%2C+War+and+the+Arts+in+the+British+World%2C+1750%E2%80%931850&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781861978592&rft.aulast=Hoock&rft.aufirst=Holger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtuW554NdWk8C%26q%3D%2522william%2Bhamilton%2522%2522british%2Bmuseum%2522%2Bgreek%2Bvases%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BMCE1/5, 1175 (13 May 1820). Minutes of General Meeting of the Trustees, 1754–63. Wilson, David M. (2002). <i>The British Museum: A History</i>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wondrous Curiosities – Ancient Egypt at the British Museum</i>, pp. 66–72 (Stephanie Moser, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-54209-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-54209-2">0-226-54209-2</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Story of the British Museum</i>, p. 24 (Marjorie Caygill, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-2772-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7141-2772-8">0-7141-2772-8</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The British Museum – The Elgin Marbles, p. 85 (B.F.Cook, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-2134-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7141-2134-7">0-7141-2134-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The British Museum – Assyrian Sculpture, pp. 6–7 (Julian Reade, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-2141-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7141-2141-X">0-7141-2141-X</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html">"King's Library"</a>. Bl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813040241/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/prbooks/georgeiiicoll/george3kingslibrary.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=King%27s+Library&rft.pub=Bl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Freshelp%2Ffindhelprestype%2Fprbooks%2Fgeorgeiiicoll%2Fgeorge3kingslibrary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, David, M. (2002). <i>The British Museum: A History</i>. London: The British Museum Press, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caygill, Marjorie (2003). <i>The Story of the British Museum</i>, p. 25. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-2772-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7141-2772-8">0-7141-2772-8</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reade, Julian (2004). <i>Assyrian Sculpture</i>. London: The British Museum Press, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickens_Charles_Jr.1879" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens_Jr." title="Charles Dickens Jr.">Dickens Charles Jr.</a> (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm">"Museum, British"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dickens%27s_Dictionary_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Dickens's Dictionary of London">Dickens's Dictionary of London</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203001/http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-mus.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2007</span>. <q>Beyond the new Lycian room is the READING ROOM: [...]; circular structure; original suggestion of Thomas Watts, improved by A. (Sir A.) Panizzi, carried out by Mr. Sidney Smirke; [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dickens%27s+Dictionary+of+London&rft.atitle=Museum%2C+British&rft.date=1879&rft.au=Dickens+Charles+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianlondon.org%2Fdickens%2Fdickens-mus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">South from Ephesus – An Escape From The Tyranny of Western Art, pp. 33–34,(Brian Sewell, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903933-16-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-903933-16-1">1-903933-16-1</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf">"The Electric Light in the British Museum"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 18 December 1879. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/12/18/80703696.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Electric+Light+in+the+British+Museum&rft.date=1879-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1879%2F12%2F18%2F80703696.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caygill, Marjorie (2006). <i>The British Museum: 250 Years</i>. London: The British Museum Press, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rothschild-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rothschild_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rothschild_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaygill" class="citation web cs1">Caygill, Marjorie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071006091742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html">"Creating a Great Museum: Early Collectors and The British Museum"</a>. Fathom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fathom.com/course/21701728/session4.html">the original</a> on 6 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creating+a+Great+Museum%3A+Early+Collectors+and+The+British+Museum&rft.pub=Fathom&rft.aulast=Caygill&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fathom.com%2Fcourse%2F21701728%2Fsession4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9">"British Museum – Collection search: You searched for"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075813/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=101677&peoA=101677-3-9">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=British+Museum+%E2%80%93+Collection+search%3A+You+searched+for&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fcollection_online%2Fsearch.aspx%3Fpeople%3D101677%26peoA%3D101677-3-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Permanent establishment of the Research Laboratory (now the oldest such establishment in continuous existence) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx">"History"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128131604/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/conservation_and_scientific/history.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Museum+Project&rft.pub=Waagner+Biro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waagner-biro.at%2Freferences%2F%23%2Fperiod%2Ffrom-2001%2Freference%2Fthe-british-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britishmuseum.org-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britishmuseum.org_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/management/about_us.aspx">"About us"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111213160703/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/management/about_us.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fmanagement%2Fabout_us.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://planningonline.camden.gov.uk/MULTIWAM/doc/Supporting%20Documents-2692368.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=2692368&location=VOLUME3&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-museumsassociation.org-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-museumsassociation.org_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museumsassociation.org_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museumsassociation.org_71-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120526102156/http://www.museumsassociation.org/news/26012011-cross-calls-for-new-debate-on-stored-collections">"Cross calls for new debate on stored collections"</a>. Museums Association. 26 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumsassociation.org/news/26012011-cross-calls-for-new-debate-on-stored-collections">the original</a> on 26 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cross+calls+for+new+debate+on+stored+collections&rft.pub=Museums+Association&rft.date=2011-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumsassociation.org%2Fnews%2F26012011-cross-calls-for-new-debate-on-stored-collections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuangKuo2007" class="citation web cs1">Huang, Jennifer; Kuo, Deborah (31 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061744/http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=60974&CtNode=10">"British Museum feels privileged to put exhibition in Taiwan"</a>. <i>Taiwan Headlines</i>. Government Information Office, Republic of China (Taiwan). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=60974&CtNode=10">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+Headlines&rft.atitle=British+Museum+feels+privileged+to+put+exhibition+in+Taiwan&rft.date=2007-01-31&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Kuo%2C+Deborah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw%2Fct.asp%3FxItem%3D60974%26CtNode%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2007" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Charlotte (5 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/heritage/story/0,,2118794,00.html">"British Museum plans £100m complex for blockbusters"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825193203/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/heritage/story/0,,2118794,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=British+Museum+plans+%C2%A3100m+complex+for+blockbusters&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2007-07-05&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farts.guardian.co.uk%2Fart%2Fheritage%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2118794%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designweek.co.uk/news/british-museum-unveils-new-135-million-wing/3038064.article">"British Museum unveils new £135 million wing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Design_Week" title="Design Week">Design Week</a></i>. 7 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713025049/http://www.designweek.co.uk/news/british-museum-unveils-new-135-million-wing/3038064.article">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Design+Week&rft.atitle=British+Museum+unveils+new+%C2%A3135+million+wing&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.designweek.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbritish-museum-unveils-new-135-million-wing%2F3038064.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWainwright2017" class="citation news cs1">Wainwright, Oliver (19 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/jul/20/stirling-prize-2017-shortlist-glasgow-british-museum">"Stirling prize 2017 shortlist: from a cool crowdfunded pier to a giant hole in the ground"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922093848/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/jul/20/stirling-prize-2017-shortlist-glasgow-british-museum">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Stirling+prize+2017+shortlist%3A+from+a+cool+crowdfunded+pier+to+a+giant+hole+in+the+ground&rft.date=2017-07-19&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2017%2Fjul%2F20%2Fstirling-prize-2017-shortlist-glasgow-british-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/prehistory_and_europe/contact_and_enquiries.aspx">"Franks House"</a>. British Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203002256/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/prehistory_and_europe/contact_and_enquiries.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Franks+House&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fdepartments%2Fprehistory_and_europe%2Fcontact_and_enquiries.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx">"Development since World War II (1945 – )"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203000546/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan/history_of_the_collection/development_of_the_collection/development_since_world_war_ii.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Development+since+World+War+II+%281945+%E2%80%93+%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fdepartments%2Fancient_egypt_and_sudan%2Fhistory_of_the_collection%2Fdevelopment_of_the_collection%2Fdevelopment_since_world_war_ii.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx">"Department of Egypt and Sudan"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112938/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/ancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Department+of+Egypt+and+Sudan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fabout_us%2Fdepartments%2Fancient_egypt_and_sudan.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reported in the list of Sloane's collection given to his executors in 1753. Reproduced in MacGregor (1994a:29)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/spencer.htm">"A British Museum Egyptologist's View: The Return of Egyptian Antiquities is Not an Issue"</a>. Touregypt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028101814/http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/spencer.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+British+Museum+Egyptologist%27s+View%3A+The+Return+of+Egyptian+Antiquities+is+Not+an+Issue&rft.pub=Touregypt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.touregypt.net%2Ffeaturestories%2Fspencer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206000328/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/aes/aesnot.html">"Ancient Egypt and Sudan"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. 14 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/aes/aesnot.html">the original</a> on 6 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Ancient+Egypt+and+Sudan&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk%2Faes%2Faesnot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreeceRome-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreeceRome_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreeceRome_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/greece_and_rome.aspx">"Department of Greece and Rome"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326113025/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/departments/greece_and_rome.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Department+of+Greece+and+Rome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fabout_us%2Fdepartments%2Fgreece_and_rome.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tony Kitto, "The celebrated connoisseur: Charles Townley, 1737–1805" <i>Minerva Magazine</i> May/June 2005, in connection with a British Museum exhibition celebrating the bicentennial of the Townley purchase. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burnley.gov.uk/towneley/whatson/charles_towneley/Townley_Marbles_v1.pdf">Townley marbles</a> Burnley <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask">"British Museum collection"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116154851/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=Bronze&keyword=parade&keyword=mask">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Museum+collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%3Fkeyword%3DBronze%26keyword%3Dparade%26keyword%3Dmask&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/middle_east/research.aspx">"British Museum – Research"</a>. <i>britishmuseum.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320041819/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/middle_east/research.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britishmuseum.org&rft.atitle=British+Museum+%E2%80%93+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fdepartments%2Fmiddle_east%2Fresearch.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverislamicart.org/pm_partner.php?id=Mus01;uk&type=museum&theme=ISL&">"Museum With No Frontiers"</a>. Discover Islamic Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510083927/http://www.discoverislamicart.org/pm_partner.php?id=Mus01;uk&type=museum&theme=ISL&">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+With+No+Frontiers&rft.pub=Discover+Islamic+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoverislamicart.org%2Fpm_partner.php%3Fid%3DMus01%3Buk%26type%3Dmuseum%26theme%3DISL%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/middle_east/history_of_the_collection.aspx">"History of the Collection: Middle East"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. 14 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101215200239/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/middle_east/history_of_the_collection.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Collection%3A+Middle+East&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fdepartments%2Fmiddle_east%2Fhistory_of_the_collection.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/prints_and_drawings/facilities_and_services/study_room.aspx">"Study room page"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. 14 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101215202335/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/prints_and_drawings/facilities_and_services/study_room.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Study+room+page&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fdepartments%2Fprints_and_drawings%2Ffacilities_and_services%2Fstudy_room.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bmgal-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bmgal_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bmgal_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120103201342/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/prints_and_drawings/galleries.aspx">"Prints and Drawings galleries"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. 14 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/prints_and_drawings/galleries.aspx">the original</a> on 3 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Prints+and+Drawings+galleries&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fdepartments%2Fprints_and_drawings%2Fgalleries.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen1938" class="citation book cs1">Owen, W.B (1938). <i>Dictionary of National Biography, 1912</i>. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography%2C+1912&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=W.B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Searches on 8 January 2012, return totals of 700,000, but many are in other departments</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TelegNov11-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TelegNov11_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2011" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Anita (29 November 2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html">"City fund manager in £1m Picasso giveaway"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8923722/City-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=City+fund+manager+in+%C2%A31m+Picasso+giveaway&rft.date=2011-11-29&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fart%2Fart-news%2F8923722%2FCity-fund-manager-in-1m-Picasso-giveaway.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs">"British Museum Highlights"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216035757/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/l/leaf-shaped_point.aspxs">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Museum+Highlights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fexplore%2Fhighlights%2Fhighlight_objects%2Fpe_prb%2Fl%2Fleaf-shaped_point.aspxs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301030041/http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F&page=11"><i>BM Reindeer</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.page-flip.co.uk/?userpath=00000013/00012513/00053413/&page=11">the original</a> on 1 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BM+Reindeer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.page-flip.co.uk%2F%3Fuserpath%3D00000013%2F00012513%2F00053413%2F%26page%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx">"British Museum - Ain Sakhri lovers figurine"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151021025025/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/p/ain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=British+Museum+-+Ain+Sakhri+lovers+figurine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fexplore%2Fhighlights%2Fhighlight_objects%2Fpe_prb%2Fp%2Fain_sakhri_lovers_figurine.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabs.Guthrie" class="citation web cs1">Babs.Guthrie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090921153753/http://www.untoldlondon.org.uk/collections/SE000073.html">"Collection page"</a>. Untold London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.untoldlondon.org.uk/collections/SE000073.html">the original</a> on 21 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collection+page&rft.pub=Untold+London&rft.au=Babs.Guthrie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.untoldlondon.org.uk%2Fcollections%2FSE000073.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427102637/http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/japaninfo/culture/britishmuseum.html">"Embassy of Japan in the UK"</a>. Japan Embassy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/japaninfo/culture/britishmuseum.html">the original</a> on 27 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embassy+of+Japan+in+the+UK&rft.pub=Japan+Embassy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uk.emb-japan.go.jp%2Fen%2Fjapaninfo%2Fculture%2Fbritishmuseum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/asia.aspx">"Department of Asia"</a>. <i>British Museum</i>. 14 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706200849/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/asia.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Museum&rft.atitle=Department+of+Asia&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fdepartments%2Fasia.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551">"Department of Asia – Related Highlight Objects"</a>. British Museum. 14 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100205075155/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/departments_all_relationships.aspx?Title=Asia&ContentType=Department&PageId=551">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Asia+%E2%80%93+Related+Highlight+Objects&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fdepartments%2Fdepartments_all_relationships.aspx%3FTitle%3DAsia%26ContentType%3DDepartment%26PageId%3D551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx">"Room 33a: Amaravati"</a>. British Museum. 14 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070925073108/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Room+33a%3A+Amaravati&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk%2Fexplore%2Fgalleries%2Fasia%2Froom_33a_amaravati.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/the_museum/departments/africa,_oceania_and_americas.aspx">"Africa, Oceania and the Americas"</a>. British Museum. 14 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070814030755/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/the_museum/departments/africa,_oceania_and_americas.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Africa%2C+Oceania+and+the+Americas&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk%2Fthe_museum%2Fdepartments%2Fafrica%2C_oceania_and_americas.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839">"shield | British Museum"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145420/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1978-Q-839">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=shield+%7C+British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fobject%2FE_Oc1978-Q-839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNugent2018" class="citation journal cs1">Nugent, Maria (February 2018). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A Shield Loaded With History; Encounters, Objects, and Exhibitions'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Australian Historical Studies</i>: 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=%27A+Shield+Loaded+With+History%3B+Encounters%2C+Objects%2C+and+Exhibitions%27&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2018-02&rft.aulast=Nugent&rft.aufirst=Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2018" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, Nicholas (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268">"A Case of Identity: The Artifacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter"</a>. <i>Australian Historical Studies</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 4–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1031461X.2017.1414862">10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149069484">149069484</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020856/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/293268">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span> – via Taylor and Francis Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Case+of+Identity%3A+The+Artifacts+of+the+1770+Kamay+%28Botany+Bay%29+Encounter&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-27&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1031461X.2017.1414862&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149069484%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.cam.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F1810%2F293268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1927-1022-1-a-m">"Museum Collection"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116083955/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1927-1022-1-a-m">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fobject%2FE_Oc1927-1022-1-a-m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/research_publications_series/2011/the_future_of_UK_numismatics.aspx"><i>The British Museum and the Future of UK Numismatics. Proceedings of a conference held to mark the 150th anniversary of the British Museum's Department of Coins and Medals, 2011</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831051912/https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/research_publications_series/2011/the_future_of_UK_numismatics.aspx">Archived</a> 31 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, edited by Barrie Cook (British Museum Research Publication 183, 2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-086159-183-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-086159-183-1">978-086159-183-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/science/index.html">"British Museum – Conservation and Scientific Research"</a>. <i>thebritishmuseum.ac.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070502070453/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/science/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thebritishmuseum.ac.uk&rft.atitle=British+Museum+%E2%80%93+Conservation+and+Scientific+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk%2Fscience%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the "Facilities and Services" tab on the home page for each department for details on each library; not all are kept at Bloomsbury. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/africa,_oceania,_americas/facilities_and_services.aspx">Anthropology Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202233334/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/departments/africa,_oceania,_americas/facilities_and_services.aspx">Archived</a> 2 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/news_and_press/statements/paul_hamlyn_library.aspx">"Paul Hamlyn Library"</a>. British Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014234621/http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/news_and_press/statements/paul_hamlyn_library.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paul+Hamlyn+Library&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fnews_and_press%2Fstatements%2Fpaul_hamlyn_library.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutbmp-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aboutbmp_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutbmp_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/services/the_british_museum_press/about_the_british_museum_press.aspx">"About the BMP"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302180418/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/services/the_british_museum_press/about_the_british_museum_press.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+BMP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fabout_us%2Fservices%2Fthe_british_museum_press%2Fabout_the_british_museum_press.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/research_publications_series.aspx">"Research Publications"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302173434/https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/research_publications_series.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fpublications%2Fresearch_publications_series.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2016/02/well-travelled-artefacts">"Where it is safe to do so, cultural artefacts should be repatriated"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 23 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701170409/http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2016/02/well-travelled-artefacts">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Where+it+is+safe+to+do+so%2C+cultural+artefacts+should+be+repatriated&rft.date=2016-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Fprospero%2F2016%2F02%2Fwell-travelled-artefacts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060523194402/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/gr/andart.html">"Greek and Roman Antiquities"</a>. British Museum. 14 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/gr/andart.html">the original</a> on 23 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+Antiquities&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk%2Fgr%2Fandart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Andrew_Oddy" class="mw-redirect" title="William Andrew Oddy">Oddy, Andrew</a>, "The Conservation of Marble Sculptures in the British Museum before 1975", in <i>Studies in Conservation</i>, vol. 47, no. 3, (2002), pp. 145–146, Quote: "However, for a short time in the late 1930s copper scrapers were used to remove areas of discolouration from the surface of the Elgin Marbles. New information is presented about this lamentable episode."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/dec/03/greece-in-preliminary-talks-with-british-museum-about-parthenon-marbles">"Greece in 'preliminary' talks with British Museum about Parthenon marbles"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 3 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221203235318/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/dec/03/greece-in-preliminary-talks-with-british-museum-about-parthenon-marbles">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2022</span> – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Greece+in+%27preliminary%27+talks+with+British+Museum+about+Parthenon+marbles&rft.date=2022-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2022%2Fdec%2F03%2Fgreece-in-preliminary-talks-with-british-museum-about-parthenon-marbles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowlby2015" class="citation news cs1">Bowlby, Chris (2 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30810596">"The palace of shame that makes China angry"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624060218/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30810596">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+palace+of+shame+that+makes+China+angry&rft.date=2015-02-02&rft.aulast=Bowlby&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-30810596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon.org/en/reading_room/articles/files/477511.asp">"The Chinese expedition: Victor Hugo on the sack of the Summer Palace"</a>. <i>www.napoleon.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505022443/http://www.napoleon.org/en/reading_room/articles/files/477511.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.napoleon.org&rft.atitle=The+Chinese+expedition%3A+Victor+Hugo+on+the+sack+of+the+Summer+Palace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleon.org%2Fen%2Freading_room%2Farticles%2Ffiles%2F477511.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2009" class="citation news cs1">Foster, Peter (19 October 2009). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/6374959/China-to-study-British-Museum-for-looted-artefacts.html">"China to study British Museum for looted artefacts"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/6374959/China-to-study-British-Museum-for-looted-artefacts.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=China+to+study+British+Museum+for+looted+artefacts&rft.date=2009-10-19&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fchina%2F6374959%2FChina-to-study-British-Museum-for-looted-artefacts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2010" class="citation news cs1">Foster, Peter (15 November 2010). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8134254/British-Museum-welcomes-investigation-with-Chinese-over-artefacts.html">"British Museum 'welcomes investigation with Chinese over artefacts'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8134254/British-Museum-welcomes-investigation-with-Chinese-over-artefacts.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=British+Museum+%27welcomes+investigation+with+Chinese+over+artefacts%27&rft.date=2010-11-15&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fchina%2F8134254%2FBritish-Museum-welcomes-investigation-with-Chinese-over-artefacts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2021" class="citation web cs1">Bailey, Martin (15 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/collection-curator-joins-british-museum">"British Museum hires curator to research history of its collection, also covering contested objects such as the Parthenon Marbles"</a>. <i>The Art Newspaper</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215113548/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/collection-curator-joins-british-museum">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&rft.atitle=British+Museum+hires+curator+to+research+history+of+its+collection%2C+also+covering+contested+objects+such+as+the+Parthenon+Marbles&rft.date=2021-02-15&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2Fnews%2Fcollection-curator-joins-british-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060523194402/http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/gr/andart.html">"Greek and Roman Antiquities"</a>. British Museum. 14 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/gr/andart.html">the original</a> on 23 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+Antiquities&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk%2Fgr%2Fandart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Museum Act 1963, s 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/request-repatriation-human-remains-tasmania">"Request for repatriation of human remains to Tasmania"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i>. 24 March 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202101443/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/request-repatriation-human-remains-tasmania">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=Request+for+repatriation+of+human+remains+to+Tasmania&rft.date=2006-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Four-work%2Fdepartments%2Fhuman-remains%2Frequest-repatriation-human-remains-tasmania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070727185209/http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79">"Breal's Silver Cup to be displayed at the New Acropolis Museum for one-year period from September 2012"</a>. <i>BCRPM</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parthenonuk.com/article.php?id=79">the original</a> on 27 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BCRPM&rft.atitle=Breal%27s+Silver+Cup+to+be+displayed+at+the+New+Acropolis+Museum+for+one-year+period+from+September+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parthenonuk.com%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinda_TheodorouDana_Facaros2003" class="citation book cs1">Linda Theodorou; Dana Facaros (2003). <i>Greece (Cadogan Country Guides)</i>. Cadogan Guides. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86011-898-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86011-898-4"><bdi>1-86011-898-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece+%28Cadogan+Country+Guides%29&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Cadogan+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-86011-898-4&rft.au=Linda+Theodorou&rft.au=Dana+Facaros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2002" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, Maev (28 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,675202,00.html">"British Museum sold precious bronzes"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094931/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/28/education.museums">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=British+Museum+sold+precious+bronzes&rft.date=2002-03-28&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Maev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk_news%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C675202%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm">"Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 27 March 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805093449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Benin+bronzes+sold+to+Nigeria&rft.date=2002-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F1896535.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm">"Egypt calls for return of Rosetta Stone"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 21 July 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3084215.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Egypt+calls+for+return+of+Rosetta+Stone&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2F3084215.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndieNov2008-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndieNov2008_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2008" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Andrew (23 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html">"Ethiopia demands stolen crown back"</a>. <i>Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816115939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/ethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Ethiopia+demands+stolen+crown+back&rft.date=2008-11-23&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthis-britain%2Fethiopia-demands-stolen-crown-back-1031229.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffman2006-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoffman2006_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2006" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman, Barbara T. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5"><i>Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521857642" title="Special:BookSources/9780521857642"><bdi>9780521857642</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094941/https://books.google.com/books?id=yvXTcGC5CwQC&q=magdala+loot&pg=PA5">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+Cultural+Heritage%3A+Law%2C+Policy+and+Practice&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521857642&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Barbara+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyvXTcGC5CwQC%26q%3Dmagdala%2Bloot%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarding2007" class="citation news cs1">Harding, Luke (10 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html">"Tajik president calls for return of treasure from British Museum"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216201331/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2053344,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tajik+president+calls+for+return+of+treasure+from+British+Museum&rft.date=2007-04-10&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farts.guardian.co.uk%2Fart%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2053344%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarmer2010" class="citation journal cs1">Larmer, Brook (June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141221204159/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text">"Caves of Faith"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a></i>: 136–138. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/06/dunhuang-caves/larmer-text">the original</a> on 21 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Caves+of+Faith&rft.pages=136-138&rft.date=2010-06&rft.aulast=Larmer&rft.aufirst=Brook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngm.nationalgeographic.com%2F2010%2F06%2Fdunhuang-caves%2Flarmer-text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/">"Easter Islanders Ask British Museum to Return Sacred Statue, Offering Replica in Return"</a>. <i>Hyperallergic</i>. 23 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210834/https://hyperallergic.com/466966/easter-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hyperallergic&rft.atitle=Easter+Islanders+Ask+British+Museum+to+Return+Sacred+Statue%2C+Offering+Replica+in+Return&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhyperallergic.com%2F466966%2Feaster-islanders-ask-british-museum-to-return-sacred-statue-offering-replica-in-return%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971">"Kells's request for loan of its treasures strikes snags"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Kells%27s+request+for+loan+of+its+treasures+strikes+snags&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fkells-s-request-for-loan-of-its-treasures-strikes-snags-1.254971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/arts---entertainment/1530826/full-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Full of stolen treasures' - Kneecap mark British Museum with 'stolen from Ireland' stickers"</a>. <i>www.limerickleader.ie</i>. 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.limerickleader.ie&rft.atitle=%27Full+of+stolen+treasures%27+-+Kneecap+mark+British+Museum+with+%27stolen+from+Ireland%27+stickers&rft.date=2024-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickleader.ie%2Fnews%2Farts---entertainment%2F1530826%2Ffull-of-stolen-treasures-kneecap-mark-british-museum-with-stolen-from-ireland-stickers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCarthy2022" class="citation web cs1">MacCarthy, Dan (26 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/arid-40943426.html">"Islands of Ireland: Donegal's Inishkeel has murderous and murdered saints, blue seas, and ruined churches — but no bell"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Islands+of+Ireland%3A+Donegal%27s+Inishkeel+has+murderous+and+murdered+saints%2C+blue+seas%2C+and+ruined+churches+%E2%80%94+but+no+bell&rft.date=2022-08-26&rft.aulast=MacCarthy&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Flifestyle%2Foutdoors%2Farid-40943426.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954">"Mold Gold Cape: Artefact should be on display in Wales – academic"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115193150/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-61082954">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Mold+Gold+Cape%3A+Artefact+should+be+on+display+in+Wales+%E2%80%93+academic&rft.date=2022-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-61082954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/">"Buried treasure: calls for important Welsh artefacts to be brought back home"</a>. <i>Nation.Cymru</i>. 25 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115180806/https://nation.cymru/news/buried-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nation.Cymru&rft.atitle=Buried+treasure%3A+calls+for+important+Welsh+artefacts+to+be+brought+back+home&rft.date=2021-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnation.cymru%2Fnews%2Fburied-treasure-calls-for-important-welsh-artefacts-to-be-brought-back-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530">"Yn ôl i Gymru?"</a>. <i>BBC Cymru Fyw</i> (in Welsh). 3 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230116023105/https://www.bbc.com/cymrufyw/35919530">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Cymru+Fyw&rft.atitle=Yn+%C3%B4l+i+Gymru%3F&rft.date=2016-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fcymrufyw%2F35919530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090906072159/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147">"News – Getting the Nazi stolen art back"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a></i>. 27 March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/arts_entertainment/art/getting+the+nazi+stolen+art+back/339147">the original</a> on 6 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Channel+4+News&rft.atitle=News+%E2%80%93+Getting+the+Nazi+stolen+art+back&rft.date=2007-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Farts_entertainment%2Fart%2Fgetting%2Bthe%2Bnazi%2Bstolen%2Bart%2Bback%2F339147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance">"The British Museum policy on human remains"</a>. British Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045004/https://www.britishmuseum.org/our-work/departments/human-remains/human-remains-policy-and-governance">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+British+Museum+policy+on+human+remains&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Four-work%2Fdepartments%2Fhuman-remains%2Fhuman-remains-policy-and-governance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lootedart.com/news.php?r=MLG5GO355021">"Art stolen by Nazis 'cannot be returned'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.lootedart.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118051414/https://www.lootedart.com/news.php?r=MLG5GO355021">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lootedart.com&rft.atitle=Art+stolen+by+Nazis+%27cannot+be+returned%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lootedart.com%2Fnews.php%3Fr%3DMLG5GO355021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFadmin2005" class="citation web cs1">admin (14 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2005/07/14/lifestyle/britain-stuck-on-nazi-looted-art">"Britain stuck on Nazi-looted art"</a>. <i>Jewish Telegraphic Agency</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118052600/https://www.jta.org/2005/07/14/lifestyle/britain-stuck-on-nazi-looted-art">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Britain+stuck+on+Nazi-looted+art&rft.date=2005-07-14&rft.au=admin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2005%2F07%2F14%2Flifestyle%2Fbritain-stuck-on-nazi-looted-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2009-11-15/ty-article/new-british-law-lets-museums-return-works-stolen-by-nazis/0000017f-db50-d856-a37f-ffd0b32b0000">"New British Law Lets Museums Return Works Stolen by Nazis"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118052602/https://www.haaretz.com/2009-11-15/ty-article/new-british-law-lets-museums-return-works-stolen-by-nazis/0000017f-db50-d856-a37f-ffd0b32b0000">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=New+British+Law+Lets+Museums+Return+Works+Stolen+by+Nazis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2009-11-15%2Fty-article%2Fnew-british-law-lets-museums-return-works-stolen-by-nazis%2F0000017f-db50-d856-a37f-ffd0b32b0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson-Tancred2022" class="citation web cs1">Lawson-Tancred, Jo (27 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/charities-act-museums-repatriate-2182298">"A New U.K. Law Gives Museums Unprecedented Power to Deaccession Art and Repatriate Objects in Their Collections"</a>. <i>Artnet News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118052600/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/charities-act-museums-repatriate-2182298">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artnet+News&rft.atitle=A+New+U.K.+Law+Gives+Museums+Unprecedented+Power+to+Deaccession+Art+and+Repatriate+Objects+in+Their+Collections&rft.date=2022-09-27&rft.aulast=Lawson-Tancred&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fart-world%2Fcharities-act-museums-repatriate-2182298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuganim2013" class="citation news cs1">Buganim, Eitan (17 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2013-10-17/ty-article/.premium/british-museum-pays-out-for-nazi-looted-art/0000017f-f862-d318-afff-fb6358490000">"British Museum Compensates Collector's Heirs for Art Looted by Nazis"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210132403/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2013-10-17/ty-article/.premium/british-museum-pays-out-for-nazi-looted-art/0000017f-f862-d318-afff-fb6358490000">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=British+Museum+Compensates+Collector%27s+Heirs+for+Art+Looted+by+Nazis&rft.date=2013-10-17&rft.aulast=Buganim&rft.aufirst=Eitan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fjewish%2F2013-10-17%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fbritish-museum-pays-out-for-nazi-looted-art%2F0000017f-f862-d318-afff-fb6358490000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://records.collectionstrust.org.uk/institution/british-museum/">"British Museum – Collections Trust"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118052602/https://records.collectionstrust.org.uk/institution/british-museum/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Museum+%E2%80%93+Collections+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecords.collectionstrust.org.uk%2Finstitution%2Fbritish-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/1933-45-provenance">"1933–45 provenance"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118065625/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/1933-45-provenance">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=1933%E2%80%9345+provenance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fabout-us%2Fbritish-museum-story%2Fcontested-objects-collection%2F1933-45-provenance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusby2019" class="citation news cs1">Busby, Mattha (16 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/feb/16/campaigners-protest-against-bp-sponsorship-of-british-museum">"Campaigners protest against BP sponsorship of British Museum"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717095219/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/feb/16/campaigners-protest-against-bp-sponsorship-of-british-museum">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Campaigners+protest+against+BP+sponsorship+of+British+Museum&rft.date=2019-02-16&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Busby&rft.aufirst=Mattha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F16%2Fcampaigners-protest-against-bp-sponsorship-of-british-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-49006976">"Trustee resigns from British Museum over BP"</a>. 16 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717092845/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-49006976">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trustee+resigns+from+British+Museum+over+BP&rft.date=2019-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-49006976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/feb/10/british-museum-staff-join-outcry-against-bp-sponsorship">"British Museum staff join outcry against BP sponsorship"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 10 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308084230/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/feb/10/british-museum-staff-join-outcry-against-bp-sponsorship">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=British+Museum+staff+join+outcry+against+BP+sponsorship&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2020%2Ffeb%2F10%2Fbritish-museum-staff-join-outcry-against-bp-sponsorship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/00526e7f-7f29-4dd1-a286-c42cd02b8598">"British Museum strikes £50mn sponsorship deal with BP"</a>. <i>www.ft.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231219152225/https://www.ft.com/content/00526e7f-7f29-4dd1-a286-c42cd02b8598">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ft.com&rft.atitle=British+Museum+strikes+%C2%A350mn+sponsorship+deal+with+BP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F00526e7f-7f29-4dd1-a286-c42cd02b8598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel4.com/news/revealed-secretive-corporate-group-guiding-british-museum">"Revealed: Secretive corporate group guiding British Museum"</a>. <i>Channel 4 News</i>. 17 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217210757/https://www.channel4.com/news/revealed-secretive-corporate-group-guiding-british-museum">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+4+News&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+Secretive+corporate+group+guiding+British+Museum&rft.date=2022-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fnews%2Frevealed-secretive-corporate-group-guiding-british-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcknow-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcknow_155-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcknow_155-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcknow_155-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-66543589">"British Museum thefts: What we know so far"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 18 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230823022235/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-66543589">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=British+Museum+thefts%3A+What+we+know+so+far&rft.date=2023-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-66543589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Bailey2000" class="citation news cs1">Martin Bailey (1 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2000/10/01/question-in-parliament-uncovers-extensive-losses-regarding-thefts-from-uk-national-museums">"Question in Parliament uncovers extensive losses regarding thefts from UK national museums"</a>. <i>The Art Newspaper</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120165800/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2000/10/01/question-in-parliament-uncovers-extensive-losses-regarding-thefts-from-uk-national-museums">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Question+in+Parliament+uncovers+extensive+losses+regarding+thefts+from+UK+national+museums&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.au=Martin+Bailey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2F2000%2F10%2F01%2Fquestion-in-parliament-uncovers-extensive-losses-regarding-thefts-from-uk-national-museums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/british-museum-struck-by-robbery-6326952.html">"British Museum struck by robbery"</a>. <i>Evening Standard</i>. 31 July 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116205818/https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/british-museum-struck-by-robbery-6326952.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=British+Museum+struck+by+robbery&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fhp%2Ffront%2Fbritish-museum-struck-by-robbery-6326952.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-66527422">"British Museum worker sacked over missing treasures"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 16 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020061601/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-66527422">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=British+Museum+worker+sacked+over+missing+treasures&rft.date=2023-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-66527422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-66621006">"British Museum thefts: Director Hartwig Fischer quits over stolen treasures"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 25 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230825150612/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-66621006">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=British+Museum+thefts%3A+Director+Hartwig+Fischer+quits+over+stolen+treasures&rft.date=2023-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-66621006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-66626619">"British Museum recovers some of 2,000 stolen items"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 26 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230826081118/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-66626619">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=British+Museum+recovers+some+of+2%2C000+stolen+items&rft.date=2023-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-66626619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIntosh2023" class="citation news cs1">McIntosh, Steve (18 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-67144607">"British Museum to digitise collection following thefts"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018092118/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-67144607">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=British+Museum+to+digitise+collection+following+thefts&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-67144607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRazellGrahamKennelly2024" class="citation web cs1">Razell, Katie; Graham, Darin; Kennelly, Larissa (17 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/crgy4w221z5o">"British Museum finds 268 more missing artefacts"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=British+Museum+finds+268+more+missing+artefacts&rft.date=2024-05-17&rft.aulast=Razell&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Graham%2C+Darin&rft.au=Kennelly%2C+Larissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcrgy4w221z5o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/british-museum-reaches-settlement-translator-whose-work-was-used-permi-rcna98999">"The British Museum reaches settlement with translator whose work was used without permission"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. 9 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828000552/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/british-museum-reaches-settlement-translator-whose-work-was-used-permi-rcna98999">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=The+British+Museum+reaches+settlement+with+translator+whose+work+was+used+without+permission&rft.date=2023-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fasian-america%2Fbritish-museum-reaches-settlement-translator-whose-work-was-used-permi-rcna98999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gci-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gci_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171103081312/https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum">"British Museum Online"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/the-british-museum">the original</a> on 3 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Museum+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fculturalinstitute%2Fbeta%2Fpartner%2Fthe-british-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, Maev (25 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum">"Hajj exhibition at British Museum"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215193919/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/25/hajj-exhibition-british-museum">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hajj+exhibition+at+British+Museum&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Maev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2012%2Fjan%2F25%2Fhajj-exhibition-british-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerns2012" class="citation journal cs1">Berns, Steph (December 2012). "Hajj journey to the heart of islam". <i>Material Religion</i>. <b>8</b> (4): 543–544. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175183412X13522006995213">10.2752/175183412X13522006995213</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192190977">192190977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Material+Religion&rft.atitle=Hajj+journey+to+the+heart+of+islam&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=543-544&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F175183412X13522006995213&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192190977%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Berns&rft.aufirst=Steph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Anderson, Robert (2005). <i>The Great Court and the British Museum</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/The_British_Museum_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Museum Press">The British Museum Press</a></li> <li>Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&lpg=PP1&dq=modernism%20and%20the%20museum&pg=PP1"><i>Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2011, pp. 103–164. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959369-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959369-9">978-0-19-959369-9</a>.</li> <li>Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html">"The Transcultural Roots of Modernism: Imagist Poetry, Japanese Visual Culture, and the Western Museum System"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000000/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/summary/v018/18.1.arrowsmith.html">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Modernism/modernity" title="Modernism/modernity">Modernism/modernity</a></i> Volume 18, Number 1, January 2011, pp. 27–42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1071-6068">1071-6068</a>.</li> <li>Bowring, Joanna (2012). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf">Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119160033/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/RP_Exhibitions_Chronology.pdf">Archived</a> 19 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> London: British Museum Research Paper 189.</li> <li>Caygill, Marjorie (2006). <i>The British Museum: 250 Years</i>. London: The British Museum Press</li> <li>Caygill, Marjorie (2002). <i>The Story of the British Museum</i>. London: The British Museum Press</li> <li>--do.-- (2009) <i>Treasures of the British Museum</i> London: The British Museum Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0714150622" title="Special:BookSources/0714150622">0714150622</a> (1st ed. 1985; 2nd ed. 1992)</li> <li>Cook, B. F. (2005). <i>The Elgin Marbles</i>. London: The British Museum Press</li> <li>Esdaile, Arundell (1946) <i><a href="/wiki/The_British_Museum_Library:_a_Short_History_and_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey">The British Museum Library: a Short History and Survey</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin" title="Allen & Unwin">Allen & Unwin</a></li> <li>Jacobs, Norman (2010) <i>Behind the Colonnade</i>. Stroud: The History Press</li> <li>Jenkins, Ian (2006). <i>Greek Architecture and its Sculpture in The British Museum</i>. London: The British Museum Press</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Francis" title="Frank Francis">Francis, Frank</a>, ed. (1971) <i>Treasures of the British Museum</i>. London: Thames & Hudson (rev. ed., 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Moser" title="Stephanie Moser">Moser, Stephanie</a> (2006). <i>Wondrous Curiosities: Ancient Egypt at The British Museum</i>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press</li> <li>Reade, Julian (2004). <i>Assyrian Sculpture</i>. London: The British Museum Press</li> <li>Reeve, John (2003). <i>The British Museum: Visitor's Guide</i>. London: The British Museum Press</li> <li>Wilson, David M. (2002). <i>The British Museum: a history</i>. London: The British Museum Press</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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Museum"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">British Museum</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:British_Museum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:British Museum">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://britishmuseum.org/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6373#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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Commission for England and Wales">Charity Commission for England and Wales</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+British+Museum+Trust+Ltd.%2C+registered+charity+no.+1140844&rft.pub=Charity+Commission+for+England+and+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregister-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk%2Fcharity-details%2F%3FregId%3D1140844%26subId%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Museum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/British+Museum">Works by British Museum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Museum%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22British%20Museum%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Museum%2C%20British%22%20OR%20description%3A%22British%20Museum%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about British Museum</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/the-british-museum?hl=en%3F%3F">Virtual tour of the British Museum</a> provided by <a href="/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture" title="Google Arts & Culture">Google Arts & Culture</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Museum" title="Template:British Museum"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Museum" title="Template talk:British Museum"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Museum" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Museum"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Museum" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Museum</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Building</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Great_Court" title="Queen Elizabeth II Great Court">Great Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Library" title="King's Library">King's Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Reading_Room" title="British Museum Reading Room">Round Reading Room</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Departments<br />and objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Africa,_Oceania_and_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas">Africa, Oceania<br />and Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_Drum" title="Akan Drum">Akan Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubin_Codex" title="Aubin Codex">Aubin Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Bronzes" title="Benin Bronzes">Benin Bronzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briggs_Enigma" title="Briggs Enigma">Briggs Enigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Head_from_Ife" title="Bronze Head from Ife">Bronze Head from Ife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Kingsborough" title="Codex Kingsborough">Codex Kingsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-headed_serpent" title="Double-headed serpent">Double-headed serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_Hakananai%27a" title="Hoa Hakananai'a">Hoa Hakananai'a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Weapons" title="Throne of Weapons">Throne of Weapons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayung_totem_pole" title="Kayung totem pole">Kayung totem pole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Life_(Kester)" title="Tree of Life (Kester)">Tree of Life</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaxchilan_Lintel_24" title="Yaxchilan Lintel 24">Yaxchilan Lintel 24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Ancient_Egypt_and_Sudan" title="British Museum Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan">Ancient Egypt<br />and Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Palette" title="Battlefield Palette">Battlefield Palette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossal_quartzite_statue_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III">Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossal_red_granite_statue_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Colossal red granite statue of Amenhotep III">Colossal head of Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El-Amra_clay_model_of_cattle" title="El-Amra clay model of cattle">El-Amra clay model of cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebelein_predynastic_mummies" title="Gebelein predynastic mummies">Gebelein predynastic mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_papyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenfield papyrus">Greenfield papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornedjitef" title="Hornedjitef">Hornedjitef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunters_Palette" title="Hunters Palette">Hunters Palette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGregor_plaque" title="MacGregor plaque">MacGregor plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Palette" title="Min Palette">Min Palette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_of_Ani" title="Papyrus of Ani">Papyrus of Ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Lions" title="Prudhoe Lions">Prudhoe Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus" title="Rhind Mathematical Papyrus">Rhind Mathematical Papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx_of_Taharqo" title="Sphinx of Taharqo">Sphinx of Taharqo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statues_of_Amun_in_the_form_of_a_ram_protecting_King_Taharqa" title="Statues of Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa">Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Memnon" title="Younger Memnon">Younger Memnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Asia" title="British Museum Department of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admonitions_Scroll" title="Admonitions Scroll">Admonitions Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphsad_inscription_of_%C4%80dityasena" title="Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena">Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati_Marbles" title="Amaravati Marbles">Amaravati Marbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambika_Statue_from_Dhar" title="Ambika Statue from Dhar">Ambika Statue from Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha_Buddha_from_Hancui" title="Amitābha Buddha from Hancui">Amitābha Buddha from Hancui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimaran_casket" title="Bimaran casket">Bimaran casket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhapad_Hoard" title="Buddhapad Hoard">Buddhapad Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogao_Christian_painting" title="Mogao Christian painting">Mogao Christian painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Vases" title="David Vases">David Vases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaneswar_Khera_Buddha_image_inscription" title="Dhaneswar Khera Buddha image inscription">Dhaneswar Khera Buddha image inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_silver_bowl" title="Hephthalite silver bowl">Hephthalite silver bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian_Bronze_Hu" title="Huixian Bronze Hu">Huixian Bronze Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_terrapin_from_Allahabad" title="Jade terrapin from Allahabad">Jade terrapin from Allahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakiemon_elephants_(British_Museum)" title="Kakiemon elephants (British Museum)">Kakiemon elephants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Hou_gui" title="Kang Hou gui">Kang Hou gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanishka_casket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanishka casket">Kanishka casket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_Bell" title="Klang Bell">Klang Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulu_Vase" title="Kulu Vase">Kulu Vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura_lion_capital" title="Mathura lion capital">Mathura lion capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_David_Foundation_of_Chinese_Art" title="Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art">Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seated_Buddha_from_Gandhara" title="Seated Buddha from Gandhara">Seated Buddha from Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_seal_(BM_119999)" title="Stamp seal (BM 119999)">Stamp seal (BM 119999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Tara" title="Statue of Tara">Statue of Tara</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa" title="The Great Wave off Kanagawa">The Great Wave off Kanagawa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Nicolo_Seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnu Nicolo Seal">Vishnu Nicolo Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardak_Vase" title="Wardak Vase">Wardak Vase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Greece_and_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Greece and Rome">Greece<br />and Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_Treasure" title="Aegina Treasure">Aegina Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aineta_aryballos" title="Aineta aryballos">Aineta aryballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_of_Cyrene" title="Apollo of Cyrene">Apollo of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel_ivory" title="Archangel ivory">Archangel ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcisate_Treasure" title="Arcisate Treasure">Arcisate Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armento_Rider" title="Armento Rider">Armento Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arundel_Head" title="Arundel Head">Arundel Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius_of_Milos" title="Asclepius of Milos">Asclepius of Milos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barber_Cup_and_Crawford_Cup" title="Barber Cup and Crawford Cup">Barber Cup and Crawford Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassae_Frieze" title="Bassae Frieze">Bassae Frieze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurains_Treasure" title="Beaurains Treasure">Beaurains Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacas_Cameo" title="Blacas Cameo">Blacas Cameo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boscoreale_Treasure" title="Boscoreale Treasure">Boscoreale Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_with_Thorn" title="Boy with Thorn">Boy with Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braganza_Brooch" title="Braganza Brooch">Braganza Brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Head_of_Hypnos_from_Civitella_d%27Arna" title="Bronze Head of Hypnos from Civitella d'Arna">Bronze head of Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgon_vase" title="Burgon vase">Burgon vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Treasure" title="Bursa Treasure">Bursa Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Iemini_Venus" title="Campo Iemini Venus">Campo Iemini Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage_Treasure" title="Carthage Treasure">Carthage Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caubiac_Treasure" title="Caubiac Treasure">Caubiac Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaourse_Treasure" title="Chaourse Treasure">Chaourse Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatsworth_Head" title="Chatsworth Head">Chatsworth Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatuzange_Treasure" title="Chatuzange Treasure">Chatuzange Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choiseul-Gouffier_Apollo" title="Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo">Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter_of_Knidos" title="Demeter of Knidos">Demeter of Knidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus_Sardanapalus" title="Dionysus Sardanapalus">Dionysus Sardanapalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Amphora" title="Elgin Amphora">Elgin Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Elgin Marbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquiline_Treasure" title="Esquiline Treasure">Esquiline Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbos_plate" title="Euphorbos plate">Euphorbos plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnese_Diadumenos" title="Farnese Diadumenos">Farnese Diadumenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilford_Puteal" title="Guilford Puteal">Guilford Puteal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy_Tomb" title="Harpy Tomb">Harpy Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herculean_Sarcophagus_of_Genzano" title="Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano">Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis_Tomb,_Vulci" title="Isis Tomb, Vulci">Isis Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Dog" title="Jennings Dog">Jennings Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Knidos" title="Lion of Knidos">Lion of Knidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_Cup" title="Lycurgus Cup">Lycurgus Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_aryballos" title="Macmillan aryballos">Macmillan aryballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con_Treasure" title="Mâcon Treasure">Mâcon Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz_Gladius" title="Mainz Gladius">Mainz Gladius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB_Head" title="Meroë Head">Meroë Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Bull-leaper" title="Minoan Bull-leaper">Minoan Bull-leaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_Monument" title="Nereid Monument">Nereid Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscan_Tablet" title="Oscan Tablet">Oscan Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">Papyri of Oxyrhynchus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_84" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_85" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 85">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_102" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 102">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_103" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 103">103</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramythia_Hoard" title="Paramythia Hoard">Paramythia Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericles_with_the_Corinthian_helmet" title="Pericles with the Corinthian helmet">Pericles bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petelia_Gold_Tablet" title="Petelia Gold Tablet">Petelia Gold Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piranesi_Vase" title="Piranesi Vase">Piranesi Vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Vase" title="Portland Vase">Portland Vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priene_inscription_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Priene inscription of Alexander the Great">Priene dedicatory inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great%27s_edict_to_Priene" title="Alexander the Great's edict to Priene">Priene edict inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sosti_Axe-Head" title="San Sosti Axe-Head">San Sosti Axe-Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Angelo_Muxaro_Patera" title="Sant'Angelo Muxaro Patera">Sant'Angelo Muxaro Patera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_Seianti_Hanunia_Tlesnasa" title="Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa">Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satala_Aphrodite" title="Satala Aphrodite">Satala Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Stratford_Hoard" class="mw-redirect" title="Stony Stratford Hoard">Stony Stratford Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangford_Apollo" title="Strangford Apollo">Strangford Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Payava" title="Tomb of Payava">Tomb of Payava</a></li> <li>Townley collection <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Antinous" title="Townley Antinous">Antinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Caryatid" title="Townley Caryatid">Caryatid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Discobolus" class="mw-redirect" title="Townley Discobolus">Discobolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Hadrian" title="Townley Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Vase" title="Townley Vase">Vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Venus" title="Townley Venus">Venus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uerdingen_Hoard" title="Uerdingen Hoard">Uerdingen Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaison_Diadumenos" title="Vaison Diadumenos">Vaison Diadumenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Cup" title="Warren Cup">Warren Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanten_Horse-Phalerae" title="Xanten Horse-Phalerae">Xanten Horse-Phalerae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_the_Middle_East" title="British Museum Department of the Middle East">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Sakhri_figurine" title="Ain Sakhri figurine">Ain Sakhri figurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_lion_weights" title="Assyrian lion weights">Assyrian lion weights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawat_Gates" title="Balawat Gates">Balawat Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacas_ewer" title="Blacas ewer">Blacas ewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_Trough" title="Uruk Trough">Uruk Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blau_Monuments" title="Blau Monuments">Blau Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Cup" title="Palmer Cup">Palmer Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_Ur" title="Standard of Ur">Standard of Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_in_a_Thicket" title="Ram in a Thicket">Ram in a Thicket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyres_of_Ur" title="Lyres of Ur">Lyres of Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_al-%27Ubaid_Copper_Lintel" title="Tell al-'Ubaid Copper Lintel">Tell al-'Ubaid Copper Lintel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Obelisk" title="White Obelisk">White Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Obelisk_of_Shalmaneser_III" title="Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III">Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kition_Necropolis_Phoenician_inscriptions" title="Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions">Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burney_Relief" title="Burney Relief">Burney Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complaint_tablet_to_Ea-n%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ir" title="Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir">Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_of_Shamash" title="Tablet of Shamash">Tablet of Shamash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Idrimi" title="Statue of Idrimi">Statue of Idrimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Map_of_the_World" title="Babylonian Map of the World">Babylonian Map of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassam_cylinder" title="Rassam cylinder">Rassam cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinders_of_Nabonidus" title="Cylinders of Nabonidus">Cylinders of Nabonidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Cylinder" title="Cyrus Cylinder">Cyrus Cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Flood tablet (Gilgamesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_of_Xerxes_I" title="Jar of Xerxes I">Jar of Xerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Library of Ashurbanipal">Library of Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lion_Hunt_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal">Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxus_Treasure" title="Oxus Treasure">Oxus Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib%27s_Annals" title="Sennacherib's Annals">Taylor Prism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachish_reliefs" title="Lachish reliefs">Lachish reliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Chronicles" title="Babylonian Chronicles">Babylonian Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur_Box_inscription" title="Ur Box inscription">Ur Box inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurkh_Monoliths" title="Kurkh Monoliths">Kurkh Monoliths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_cylinder" title="Antiochus cylinder">Antiochus cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrud_ivories" title="Nimrud ivories">Nimrud ivories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_metal_bowls" title="Phoenician metal bowls">Phoenician metal bowls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Prehistory_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Prehistory and Europe">Prehistory<br />and Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portable_altar_(WB.232)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable altar (WB.232)">Boxwood altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks_Casket" title="Franks Casket">Franks Casket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Thorn_Reliquary" title="Holy Thorn Reliquary">Holy Thorn Reliquary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxne_Hoard" title="Hoxne Hoard">Hoxne Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindow_Man" title="Lindow Man">Lindow Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildenhall_Treasure" title="Mildenhall Treasure">Mildenhall Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringlemere_Cup" title="Ringlemere Cup">Ringlemere Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gold_Cup" title="Royal Gold Cup">Royal Gold Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seax_of_Beagnoth" title="Seax of Beagnoth">Seax of Beagnoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo">Sutton Hoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_purse-lid" title="Sutton Hoo purse-lid">Sutton Hoo purse-lid</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swimming_Reindeer" title="Swimming Reindeer">Swimming Reindeer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_glass" title="Hedwig glass">Hedwig glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindolanda_tablets" title="Vindolanda tablets">Vindolanda Tablets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampsacus_Treasure" title="Lampsacus Treasure">Lampsacus Treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Prints_and_Drawings" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Prints and Drawings">Prints and<br />Drawings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrer%27s_Rhinoceros" title="Dürer's Rhinoceros">Dürer's Rhinoceros</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epifania_(Michelangelo_drawing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epifania (Michelangelo drawing)">Epifania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Modi" title="I Modi">I Modi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Brant_(drawing)" title="Isabella Brant (drawing)">Isabella Brant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ancient_of_Days" title="The Ancient of Days">The Ancient of Days</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Disasters_of_War" title="The Disasters of War">The Disasters of War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_The_Flopsy_Bunnies#Illustrations" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies">The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_Arch_(woodcut)" title="Triumphal Arch (woodcut)">Triumphal Arch</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Coins_and_Medals" title="British Museum Department of Coins and Medals">Coins and Medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Conservation_and_Scientific_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Conservation and Scientific Research">Conservation and Scientific Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Libraries_and_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Libraries and Archives">Libraries and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Antiquities_Scheme" title="Portable Antiquities Scheme">Portable Antiquities and Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondanini_Faun" title="Rondanini Faun">Rondanini Faun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_the_World_in_100_Objects" title="A History of the World in 100 Objects">A History of the World in 100 Objects</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blythe_House" title="Blythe House">Blythe House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Act" title="British Museum Act">British Museum Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingwall_Beloe_Lecture_Series" title="Dingwall Beloe Lecture Series">Dingwall Beloe Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_at_the_British_Museum" title="List of films shot at the British Museum">Films shot at the British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Case" title="Private Case">Private Case</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Contested_artefacts">Repatriation controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretum_(British_Museum)" title="Secretum (British Museum)">Secretum</a></li> <li>Staff <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_directors_of_the_British_Museum" title="List of directors of the British Museum">Directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_British_Museum_Friends" title="The British Museum Friends">Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_keepers_of_the_British_Museum" title="List of keepers of the British Museum">Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_British_Museum" title="Royal Commission on the British Museum">Royal Commission on the British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trustees_of_the_British_Museum" title="List of trustees of the British Museum">Trustees</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Museum" title="Category:British Museum">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Museums_and_galleries_in_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Template:Museums and galleries in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Template talk:Museums and galleries in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Museums and galleries in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Museums_and_galleries_in_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_London" title="List of museums in London">Museums and galleries in London</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="National_museums" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">National museums</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horniman_Museum" title="Horniman Museum">Horniman Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Home" title="Museum of the Home">Museum of the Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_Museum" title="National Army Museum">National Army Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Museum_London" title="Royal Air Force Museum London">Royal Air Force Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Soane%27s_Museum" title="Sir John Soane's Museum">Sir John Soane's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_War_Rooms" title="Churchill War Rooms">Churchill War Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Belfast" title="HMS Belfast">HMS <i>Belfast</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark" title="Cutty Sark">Cutty Sark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_House" title="Queen's House">Queen's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_Group" title="Science Museum Group">Science Museum Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_V%26A" title="Young V&A">Young V&A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Designated_collections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Designation_Scheme" title="Designation Scheme">Designated collections</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Gallery" title="Courtauld Gallery">Courtauld Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Picture_Gallery" title="Dulwich Picture Gallery">Dulwich Picture Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterian_Museum,_London" title="Hunterian Museum, London">Hunterian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_London" title="Jewish Museum London">Jewish Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Transport_Museum" title="London Transport Museum">London Transport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Domestic_Design_and_Architecture" title="Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture">Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Freemasonry" title="Museum of Freemasonry">Museum of Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology" title="Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology">Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Museum_of_London" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London" title="Museum of London">Museum of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Museum_Docklands" title="London Museum Docklands">London Museum Docklands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Other_museums_and_galleries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other museums and galleries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_Football_Club_Museum" title="Arsenal Football Club Museum">Arsenal Football Club Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England_Museum" title="Bank of England Museum">Bank of England Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbican_Centre" title="Barbican Centre">Barbican Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Uri_Gallery_%26_Museum" title="Ben Uri Gallery & Museum">Ben Uri Gallery & Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_House" title="Benjamin Franklin House">Benjamin Franklin House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Street_Police_Museum" title="Bow Street Police Museum">Bow Street Police Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens_Museum" title="Charles Dickens Museum">Charles Dickens Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Severs%27_House" title="Dennis Severs' House">Dennis Severs' House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Museum" title="Design Museum">Design Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Johnson%27s_House" title="Dr Johnson's House">Dr Johnson's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estorick_Collection_of_Modern_Italian_Art" title="Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art">Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_Textile_Museum" title="Fashion and Textile Museum">Fashion and Textile Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Museum" title="Garden Museum">Garden Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery" title="Guildhall Art Gallery">Guildhall Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Place" title="Hall Place">Hall Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handel_%26_Hendrix_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Handel & Hendrix in London">Handel & Hendrix in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayward_Gallery" title="Hayward Gallery">Hayward Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth%27s_House" title="Hogarth's House">Hogarth's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts" title="Institute of Contemporary Arts">Institute of Contemporary Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leighton_House_Museum" title="Leighton House Museum">Leighton House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Museum_of_Water_%26_Steam" title="London Museum of Water & Steam">London Museum of Water & Steam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markfield_Beam_Engine_and_Museum" title="Markfield Beam Engine and Museum">Markfield Beam Engine and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Museum,_London" title="Migration Museum, London">Migration Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Brands" title="Museum of Brands">Museum of Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Immigration_and_Diversity" title="Museum of Immigration and Diversity">Museum of Immigration and Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_House" title="Orleans House">Orleans House Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Museum,_London" title="Postal Museum, London">Postal Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music_Museum" title="Royal Academy of Music Museum">Royal Academy of Music Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saatchi_Gallery" title="Saatchi Gallery">Saatchi Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_Galleries" title="Serpentine Galleries">Serpentine Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum" title="Sherlock Holmes Museum">Sherlock Holmes Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Temple_Place" title="Two Temple Place">Two Temple Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Gallery" title="Whitechapel Gallery">Whitechapel Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris_Gallery" title="William Morris Gallery">William Morris Gallery</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/The_London_Museums_of_Health_%26_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="The London Museums of Health & Medicine">The London Museums of<br />Health & Medicine</a> (selected)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_Museum" title="Florence Nightingale Museum">Florence Nightingale Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundling_Museum" title="Foundling Museum">Foundling Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freud_Museum" title="Freud Museum">Freud Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Order_of_St_John" title="Museum of the Order of St John">Museum of the Order of St John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Operating_Theatre_Museum_and_Herb_Garret" title="Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret">Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Collection" title="Wellcome Collection">Wellcome Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;">Local history museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnet_Museum" title="Barnet Museum">Barnet Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Castle" title="Bruce Castle">Bruce Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgh_House" title="Burgh House">Burgh House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuming_Museum" title="Cuming Museum">Cuming Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Hall" title="Forty Hall">Forty Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Heritage_Centre" title="Greenwich Heritage Centre">Greenwich Heritage Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnersbury_Park" title="Gunnersbury Park">Gunnersbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_Museum" title="Hackney Museum">Hackney Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering_Museum" title="Havering Museum">Havering Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headstone_Manor_and_Museum" title="Headstone Manor and Museum">Headstone Manor and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Museum" title="Islington Museum">Islington Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Museum" title="Kingston Museum">Kingston Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Croydon" title="Museum of Croydon">Museum of Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Richmond" title="Museum of Richmond">Museum of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Wimbledon" title="Museum of Wimbledon">Museum of Wimbledon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Museum" title="Twickenham Museum">Twickenham Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_House_Museum" title="Valence House Museum">Valence House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestry_House_Museum" title="Vestry House Museum">Vestry House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Museum" title="Wandsworth Museum">Wandsworth Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall,_Cheam" title="Whitehall, Cheam">Whitehall Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Collection Trust">Royal Collection Trust</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gallery" title="King's Gallery">King's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banqueting_House,_Whitehall" class="mw-redirect" title="Banqueting House, Whitehall">Banqueting House, Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_Willow_Road" title="2 Willow Road">2 Willow Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/575_Wandsworth_Road" title="575 Wandsworth Road">575 Wandsworth Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blewcoat_School" title="Blewcoat School">Blewcoat School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle%27s_House" title="Carlyle's House">Carlyle's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbury_Manor_House" title="Eastbury Manor House">Eastbury Manor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenton_House,_Hampstead" title="Fenton House, Hampstead">Fenton House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_George_Inn,_Southwark" title="The George Inn, Southwark">The George Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_House" title="Lindsey House">Lindsey House</a> <ul><li>restricted</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morden_Hall_Park" title="Morden Hall Park">Morden Hall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainham_Hall" title="Rainham Hall">Rainham Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_House,_Bexleyheath" title="Red House, Bexleyheath">Red House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Baths,_Strand_Lane" title="Roman Baths, Strand Lane">Roman Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_House,_London" title="Sutton House, London">Sutton House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apsley_House" title="Apsley House">Apsley House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiswick_House" title="Chiswick House">Chiswick House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_House" title="Down House">Down House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eltham_Palace" title="Eltham Palace">Eltham Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewel_Tower" title="Jewel Tower">Jewel Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenwood_House" title="Kenwood House">Kenwood House (Iveagh Bequest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Wall" title="London Wall">London Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Hill_House" title="Marble Hill House">Marble Hill House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger%27s_House" title="Ranger's House">Ranger's House (Wernher Collection)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Palace" title="Winchester Palace">Winchester Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_London" title="Category:Museums in London">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Template:Department for Culture, Media and Sport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Template talk:Department for Culture, Media and Sport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Department for Culture, Media and Sport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/Government_Offices_Great_George_Street" title="Government Offices Great George Street">100 Parliament Street</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport#Ministers" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Nandy" title="Lisa Nandy">Lisa Nandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Creative_Industries,_Arts_and_Tourism" title="Minister of State for Creative Industries, Arts and Tourism">Minister of State for Creative Industries, Arts and Tourism</a>:</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Bryant" title="Chris Bryant">Chris Bryant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State">Under-Secretaries<br />of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Sport,_Media,_Civil_Society_and_Youth" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Media, Civil Society and Youth">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Media, Civil Society and Youth</a>:</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Peacock" title="Stephanie Peacock">Stephanie Peacock</a></li> <li><i><b>Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Gambling:</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Twycross,_Baroness_Twycross" title="Fiona Twycross, Baroness Twycross">The Baroness Twycross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-ministerial_government_department" title="Non-ministerial government department">Non-ministerial<br />departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity Commission">Charity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">National Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">Non-departmental<br />public bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Council_on_National_Records_and_Archives" title="Advisory Council on National Records and Archives">Advisory Council on National Records and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reviewing_Committee_on_the_Export_of_Works_of_Art" title="Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art">Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatres_Trust" title="Theatres Trust">Theatres Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valuation_Committee" title="Treasure Valuation Committee">Treasure Valuation Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_England" title="Arts Council England">Arts Council England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_Commission" title="Gambling Commission">Gambling Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horserace_Betting_Levy_Board" title="Horserace Betting Levy Board">Horserace Betting Levy Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_Memorial_Fund" title="National Heritage Memorial Fund">National Heritage Memorial Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Lottery_Community_Fund" title="National Lottery Community Fund">National Lottery Community Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_England" title="Sport England">Sport England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Grounds_Safety_Authority" title="Sports Grounds Safety Authority">Sports Grounds Safety Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Anti-Doping" title="UK Anti-Doping">UK Anti-Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Sport" title="UK Sport">UK Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisitBritain" title="VisitBritain">VisitBritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisitEngland" title="VisitEngland">VisitEngland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horniman_Museum" title="Horniman Museum">Horniman Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Home" title="Museum of the Home">Museum of the Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial War Museums">Imperial War Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museums_Liverpool" title="National Museums Liverpool">National Museums Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries" title="Royal Armouries">Royal Armouries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_Group" title="Science Museum Group">Science Museum Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Soane%27s_Museum" title="Sir John Soane's Museum">Sir John Soane's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribunal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Horserace_Betting_Levy_Appeal_Tribunal" title="Horserace Betting Levy Appeal Tribunal">Horserace Betting Levy Appeal Tribunal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Conservation_Trust" title="Churches Conservation Trust">Churches Conservation Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Citizen_Service" title="National Citizen Service">National Citizen Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Parks" title="The Royal Parks">The Royal Parks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Category:Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_landmarks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_landmarks" title="Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_landmarks" title="Template talk:London landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_landmarks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> landmarks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Buildings and structures in London">Buildings and<br />structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_London" title="Category:Bridges in London">Bridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bridge,_London" title="Albert Bridge, London">Albert Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Bridge" title="Battersea Bridge">Battersea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Bridge" title="Blackfriars Bridge">Blackfriars Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Bridge" title="Chelsea Bridge">Chelsea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Bridge" title="Hammersmith Bridge">Hammersmith Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_Bridge_and_Golden_Jubilee_Bridges" title="Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges">Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Bridge" title="Lambeth Bridge">Lambeth Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Bridge,_London" title="Millennium Bridge, London">Millennium Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putney_Bridge" title="Putney Bridge">Putney Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Bridge,_London" title="Richmond Bridge, London">Richmond Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Bridge" title="Southwark Bridge">Southwark Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Bridge" title="Vauxhall Bridge">Vauxhall Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Bridge" title="Waterloo Bridge">Waterloo Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Bridge" title="Westminster Bridge">Westminster Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Entertainment_venues_in_London" title="Category:Entertainment venues in London">Entertainment<br />venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinemas_in_London" title="Category:Cinemas in London">Cinemas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BFI_IMAX" title="BFI IMAX">BFI IMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire,_Leicester_Square" title="Empire, Leicester Square">Empire, Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeon_Luxe_Leicester_Square" title="Odeon Luxe Leicester Square">Odeon Luxe Leicester Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Football stadia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a> (national stadium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentford_Community_Stadium" title="Brentford Community Stadium">Brentford Community Stadium</a> (Brentford)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Road" title="Brisbane Road">Brisbane Road</a> (Leyton Orient)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craven_Cottage" title="Craven Cottage">Craven Cottage</a> (Fulham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Den" title="The Den">The Den</a> (Millwall)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Stadium" title="Emirates Stadium">Emirates Stadium</a> (Arsenal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loftus_Road" title="Loftus Road">Loftus Road</a> (Queens Park Rangers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stadium" title="London Stadium">London Stadium</a> (West Ham United)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plough_Lane" title="Plough Lane">Plough Lane</a> (AFC Wimbledon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selhurst_Park" title="Selhurst Park">Selhurst Park</a> (Crystal Palace)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford_Bridge_(stadium)" title="Stamford Bridge (stadium)">Stamford Bridge</a> (Chelsea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Valley (London)">The Valley</a> (Charlton Athletic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_Stadium" title="Tottenham Hotspur Stadium">Tottenham Hotspur Stadium</a> (Tottenham Hotspur)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_in_London" title="Category:Sports venues in London">Other major<br />sports venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_England_Lawn_Tennis_and_Croquet_Club" title="All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club">All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Championship_Course" title="The Championship Course">The Championship Course</a> (rowing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_National_Sports_Centre" title="Crystal Palace National Sports Centre">Crystal Palace National Sports Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s" title="Lord's">Lord's</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oval" title="The Oval">The Oval</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Stadium" title="Twickenham Stadium">Twickenham Stadium</a> (rugby)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theatres_in_London" title="Template:Theatres in London">Theatres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelphi_Theatre" title="Adelphi Theatre">Adelphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Victoria_Theatre" title="Apollo Victoria Theatre">Apollo Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Coliseum" title="London Coliseum">Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criterion_Theatre" title="Criterion Theatre">Criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theatre" title="Dominion Theatre">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre,_London" title="Lyceum Theatre, London">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">Old Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lane" title="Theatre Royal, Drury Lane">Theatre Royal, Drury Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal_Haymarket" title="Theatre Royal Haymarket">Theatre Royal Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville_Theatre" title="Vaudeville Theatre">Vaudeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Academy" title="Brixton Academy">Brixton Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExCeL_London" title="ExCeL London">ExCeL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Apollo" title="Hammersmith Apollo">Hammersmith Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">The O2 Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Arena" title="Wembley Arena">Wembley Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Arch" title="Admiralty Arch">Admiralty Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Southwark)" title="City Hall, London (Southwark)">City Hall (Southwark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Newham)" title="City Hall, London (Newham)">City Hall (Newham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_London" title="County Hall, London">County Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_(building)" title="Horse Guards (building)">Horse Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansion_House,_London" title="Mansion House, London">Mansion House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Courts_of_Justice" title="Royal Courts of Justice">Royal Courts of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIS_Building" title="SIS Building">SIS Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_House" title="Thames House">Thames House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_London" title="Category:Museums in London">Museums</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in London">galleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_War_Rooms" title="Churchill War Rooms">Churchill War Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Gallery" title="Courtauld Gallery">Courtauld Gallery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark" title="Cutty Sark">Cutty Sark</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hinde_(1973)" title="Golden Hinde (1973)"><i>Golden Hinde</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery" title="Guildhall Art Gallery">Guildhall Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Belfast" title="HMS Belfast">HMS <i>Belfast</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London" title="Museum of London">Museum of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_V%26A" title="Young V&A">Young V&A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in London">Places of worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Hallows-by-the-Tower" title="All Hallows-by-the-Tower">All Hallows-by-the-Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_London" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London">BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevis_Marks_Synagogue" title="Bevis Marks Synagogue">Bevis Marks Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Central_Hall,_Westminster" title="Methodist Central Hall, Westminster">Methodist Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Central_Mosque" title="London Central Mosque">Regent's Park Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement_Danes" title="St Clement Danes">St Clement Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s,_Westminster" title="St Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret's, Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields" title="St Martin-in-the-Fields">St Martin-in-the-Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary-le-Bow" title="St Mary-le-Bow">St Mary-le-Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Cathedral" title="Southwark Cathedral">Southwark Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Retailing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shops_in_London" title="Category:Shops in London">Shops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason" title="Fortnum & Mason">Fortnum & Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamleys" title="Hamleys">Hamleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Nichols" title="Harvey Nichols">Harvey Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(department_store)" title="Liberty (department store)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jones_(department_store)" title="Peter Jones (department store)">Peter Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridges,_Oxford_Street" title="Selfridges, Oxford Street">Selfridges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shopping_centres_in_London" title="Category:Shopping centres in London">Shopping centres</a><br />and markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_Market" title="Borough Market">Borough Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Cross_Shopping_Centre" title="Brent Cross Shopping Centre">Brent Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Arcade" title="Burlington Arcade">Burlington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_Market" title="Camden Market">Camden Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Arcade" title="Kensington Arcade">Kensington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadenhall_Market" title="Leadenhall Market">Leadenhall Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_New_Change" title="One New Change">One New Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market" title="Petticoat Lane Market">Petticoat Lane Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Exchange,_London" title="Royal Exchange, London">Royal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_London" title="Westfield London">Westfield London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Stratford_City" title="Westfield Stratford City">Westfield Stratford City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_buildings_in_London" title="Category:Royal buildings in London">Royal buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Partly occupied by<br />the royal family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Unoccupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banqueting_House,_Whitehall" class="mw-redirect" title="Banqueting House, Whitehall">Banqueting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gallery">The Queen's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews, Buckingham Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Skyscrapers_in_London" title="Category:Skyscrapers in London">Skyscrapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Churchill_Place" title="One Churchill Place">One Churchill Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Fenchurch_Street" title="20 Fenchurch Street">20 Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122_Leadenhall_Street" title="122 Leadenhall Street">122 Leadenhall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadgate_Tower" title="Broadgate Tower">Broadgate Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Centre_(London)" title="Citigroup Centre (London)">Citigroup Centre (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gherkin" title="The Gherkin">The Gherkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Tower" title="Heron Tower">Heron Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_Wharf_Tower" title="St George Wharf Tower">St George Wharf Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_42" title="Tower 42">Tower 42</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Memorial" title="Albert Memorial">Albert Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal_Orbit" title="ArcelorMittal Orbit">ArcelorMittal Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">The Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle,_London" title="Cleopatra's Needle, London">Cleopatra's Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace transmitting station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Eye" title="London Eye">London Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Wall" title="London Wall">London Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch" title="Marble Arch">Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">Monument to the Great Fire of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column">Nelson's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Memorial_Fountain" title="Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain">Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ("Eros")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Barrier" title="Thames Barrier">Thames Barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">City Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_station" title="Blackfriars station">Blackfriars station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Street_station" title="Cannon Street station">Cannon Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station" title="Charing Cross railway station">Charing Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Junction_railway_station" title="Clapham Junction railway station">Clapham Junction station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">Euston station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street_railway_station" title="Fenchurch Street railway station">Fenchurch Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">King's Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station" title="Liverpool Street station">Liverpool Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge_station" title="London Bridge station">London Bridge station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">Paddington station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">St Pancras station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_station" title="Stratford station">Stratford station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Victoria_station" title="London Victoria station">Victoria station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_station" title="London Waterloo station">Waterloo station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cable_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="London Cable Car">London Cable Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Coach_Station" title="Victoria Coach Station">Victoria Coach Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbican_Estate" title="Barbican Estate">Barbican Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Power_Station" title="Battersea Power Station">Battersea Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Tower" title="BT Tower">BT Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Palace" title="Lambeth Palace">Lambeth Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_building" title="Lloyd's building">Lloyd's building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxo_Tower" title="Oxo Tower">Oxo Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithfield Market">Smithfield Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_House" title="Somerset House">Somerset House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Hospital" title="St Bartholomew's Hospital">St Bartholomew's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Parks and open spaces in London">Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Parks_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Parks of London">Royal Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy_Park" title="Bushy Park">Bushy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Park" title="Green Park">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Park" title="Greenwich Park">Greenwich Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Park" title="Hampton Court Park">Hampton Court Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park" title="Richmond Park">Richmond Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Park" title="St James's Park">St James's Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Park" title="Battersea Park">Battersea Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Park" title="Burgess Park">Burgess Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Common" title="Clapham Common">Clapham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Green,_London" title="College Green, London">College Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest" title="Epping Forest">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finsbury_Park" title="Finsbury Park">Finsbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnersbury_Park" title="Gunnersbury Park">Gunnersbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Park" title="Holland Park">Holland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitcham_Common" title="Mitcham Common">Mitcham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Park" title="Trent Park">Trent Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Common" title="Wandsworth Common">Wandsworth Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Common" title="Wimbledon Common">Wimbledon Common</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Squares_in_London" title="Squares in London">Squares</a> and<br />public spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_Parade" title="Horse Guards Parade">Horse Guards Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus" title="Piccadilly Circus">Piccadilly Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Square" title="Sloane Square">Sloane Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_London" title="Category:Streets in London">Streets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldwych" title="Aldwych">Aldwych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street" title="Baker Street">Baker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopsgate" title="Bishopsgate">Bishopsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Street" title="Bond Street">Bond Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnaby_Street" title="Carnaby Street">Carnaby Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Road" title="Charing Cross Road">Charing Cross Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheapside" title="Cheapside">Cheapside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornhill,_London" title="Cornhill, London">Cornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Street" title="Denmark Street">Denmark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street" title="Fenchurch Street">Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street" title="Fleet Street">Fleet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket,_London" title="Haymarket, London">Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jermyn_Street" title="Jermyn Street">Jermyn Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_High_Street" title="Kensington High Street">Kensington High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Road" title="King's Road">King's Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street,_London" title="Lombard Street, London">Lombard Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Avenue,_Hounslow" title="Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow">Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Street" title="Oxford Street">Oxford Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Lane" title="Park Lane">Park Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello_Road" title="Portobello Road">Portobello Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Avenue" title="Shaftesbury Avenue">Shaftesbury Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Street" title="Sloane Street">Sloane Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand,_London" title="Strand, London">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Court_Road" title="Tottenham Court Road">Tottenham Court Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Embankment" title="Victoria Embankment">Victoria Embankment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libraries_and_archives_in_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libraries_in_London" title="Template:Libraries in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libraries_in_London" title="Template talk:Libraries in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libraries_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libraries in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libraries_and_archives_in_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Libraries and archives in London</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public libraries<br />and archives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Poetry_Library" title="National Poetry Library">National Poetry Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Archives" title="Parliamentary Archives">Parliamentary Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London"> Science Museum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dana_Research_Centre_and_Library" title="Dana Research Centre and Library">Dana Research Centre and Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Art_Library" title="National Art Library">National Art Library</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham" title="London Borough of Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Valence_House_Museum" title="Valence House Museum">Valence House Museum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="London Borough of Barnet">Barnet</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_Finchley_Library" title="East Finchley Library">East Finchley Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Brent" title="London Borough of Brent">Brent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kensal_Rise_Library" title="Kensal Rise Library">Kensal Rise Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Library_at_Willesden_Green" title="The Library at Willesden Green">The Library at Willesden Green</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> (Artizan Street Library, <a href="/wiki/Barbican_Library" title="Barbican Library">Barbican Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guildhall_Library" title="Guildhall Library">Guildhall Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="London Metropolitan Archives">London Metropolitan Archives</a>, Shoe Lane Library)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Westminster_Reference_Library" title="Westminster Reference Library">Westminster Reference Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden" title="London Borough of Camden">Camden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swiss_Cottage_Library" title="Swiss Cottage Library">Swiss Cottage Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ashburton_Learning_Village" title="Ashburton Learning Village">Ashburton Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croydon_Central_Library" title="Croydon Central Library">Croydon Central Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Addington_Library" title="New Addington Library">New Addington Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Norwood_Library" title="South Norwood Library">South Norwood Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Norwood_Library" title="Upper Norwood Library">Upper Norwood Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Haringey" title="London Borough of Haringey">Haringey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muswell_Hill_Library" title="Muswell Hill Library">Muswell Hill Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hillingdon" title="London Borough of Hillingdon">Hillingdon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manor_Farm,_Ruislip" title="Manor Farm, Ruislip">Manor Farm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Islington" title="London Borough of Islington">Islington</a> (Finsbury Library, <a href="/wiki/Islington_Local_History_Centre" title="Islington Local History Centre">Islington Local History Centre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kensington_Central_Library" title="Kensington Central Library">Kensington Central Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="London Borough of Lambeth">Lambeth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brixton_Library" title="Brixton Library">Brixton Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Library,_Herne_Hill" title="Carnegie Library, Herne Hill">Carnegie Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durning_Library" title="Durning Library">Durning Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Archives" title="Lambeth Archives">Lambeth Archives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minet_Library" title="Minet Library">Minet Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Streatham_Library" title="Streatham Library">Streatham Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Norwood_Library" title="Upper Norwood Library">Upper Norwood Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Merton" title="London Borough of Merton">Merton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitcham_Library" title="Mitcham Library">Mitcham Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="London Borough of Southwark">Southwark</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Library" title="Dulwich Library">Dulwich Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Harvard_Library" title="John Harvard Library">John Harvard Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peckham_Library" title="Peckham Library">Peckham Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Idea_Store" title="Idea Store">Idea Store</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Wandsworth" title="London Borough of Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battersea_Central_Library" title="Battersea Central Library">Battersea Central Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Putney_Library" title="Putney Library">Putney Library</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other libraries<br />and archives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial College">Imperial College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London_Abdus_Salam_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial College London Abdus Salam Library">Abdus Salam Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maughan_Library" title="Maughan Library">Maughan Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Library_of_Political_and_Economic_Science" title="British Library of Political and Economic Science">British Library of Political and Economic Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Library" title="Women's Library">Women's Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/LSE_Shaw_Library" title="LSE Shaw Library">Shaw Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts London">University of the Arts London</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick_Archive" title="Stanley Kubrick Archive">Stanley Kubrick Archive</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senate_House_Libraries" title="Senate House Libraries">Senate House Libraries</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charitable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishopsgate_Library" title="Bishopsgate Library">Bishopsgate Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Library" title="Feminist Library">Feminist Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Skaryna_Belarusian_Library_and_Museum" title="Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum">Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_for_Iranian_Studies_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Library for Iranian Studies (London)">Library for Iranian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marx_Memorial_Library" title="Marx Memorial Library">Marx Memorial Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Institute_and_Sikorski_Museum" title="Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum">Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Library" title="Wellcome Library">Wellcome Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Library_for_the_Study_of_the_Holocaust_and_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide">Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Informal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/56a_Infoshop" title="56a Infoshop">56a Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Action_Resource_Centre" title="London Action Resource Centre">London Action Resource Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Palace" title="Lambeth Palace">Lambeth Palace Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Williams%27s_Library" title="Dr Williams's Library">Dr Williams's Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Library" title="Evangelical Library">Evangelical Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Library" title="London Library">London Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Library" title="House of Commons Library">House of Commons Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_Library" title="House of Lords Library">House of Lords Library</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former libraries<br />and archives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_War_Library" title="British War Library">British War Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_library" title="Cotton library">Cotton library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Gallery_Library" title="Grosvenor Gallery Library">Grosvenor Gallery Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Library" title="Limehouse Library">Limehouse Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hookham" title="Thomas Hookham">Thomas Hookham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlands_House" title="Woodlands House">Woodlands House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bloomsbury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bloomsbury" title="Template:Bloomsbury"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bloomsbury" title="Template talk:Bloomsbury"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bloomsbury" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bloomsbury"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bloomsbury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury" title="Bloomsbury">Bloomsbury</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Commission_of_Barbados,_London" title="High Commission of Barbados, London">Barbadian H.C.</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Centre" title="Brunswick Centre">Brunswick Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_the_King,_Bloomsbury" title="Church of Christ the King, Bloomsbury">Church of Christ the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaught_Hall,_London" title="Connaught Hall, London">Connaught Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodenough_College" title="Goodenough College">Goodenough College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimpton_Fitzroy_London_Hotel" title="Kimpton Fitzroy London Hotel">Kimpton Fitzroy London Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lamb_(pub)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lamb (pub)">The Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montagu_House,_Bloomsbury" title="Montagu House, Bloomsbury">Montagu House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_House_(University_of_London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate House (University of London)">Senate House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s,_Bloomsbury" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's, Bloomsbury">St. George's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_the_Martyr_Holborn" class="mw-redirect" title="St George the Martyr Holborn">St George the Martyr Holborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_New_Church" title="St Pancras New Church">St Pancras Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCL_Main_Building" title="UCL Main Building">UCL Main Building</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bedford_Square_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bedford_Square_2.jpg/180px-Bedford_Square_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bedford_Square_2.jpg/270px-Bedford_Square_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bedford_Square_2.jpg/360px-Bedford_Square_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="597" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares and parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Square" title="Bedford Square">Bedford Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Square" title="Bloomsbury Square">Bloomsbury Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Square" title="Brunswick Square">Brunswick Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartwright_Gardens" title="Cartwright Gardens">Cartwright Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coram%27s_Fields" title="Coram's Fields">Coram's Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Square" title="Gordon Square">Gordon Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburgh_Square" title="Mecklenburgh Square">Mecklenburgh Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Square,_London" title="Queen Square, London">Queen Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Square" title="Russell Square">Russell Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavistock_Square" title="Tavistock Square">Tavistock Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrington_Square" title="Torrington Square">Torrington Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woburn_Square" title="Woburn Square">Woburn Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartwright_Gardens" title="Cartwright Gardens">Cartwright Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Street,_London" title="Gower Street, London">Gower Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russell_Street" title="Great Russell Street">Great Russell Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilford_Street" title="Guilford Street">Guilford Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn_Road" title="Gray's Inn Road">Gray's Inn Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb%27s_Conduit_Street" title="Lamb's Conduit Street">Lamb's Conduit Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malet_Street" title="Malet Street">Malet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Street" title="Museum Street">Museum Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton Row">Southampton Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_names_of_Bloomsbury" title="Street names of Bloomsbury">Street names of Bloomsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woburn_Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Woburn Place">Woburn Place</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bedford_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bedford Estate">The Bedford Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Gang" title="Bloomsbury Gang">Bloomsbury Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bloomsbury" title="Category:Bloomsbury">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bloomsbury,_London_district" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bloomsbury, London district">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6373#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6373#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6373#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123428817">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134857252">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/536918/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/38379-X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79107735">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11871460b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11871460b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00640103">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="British Museum"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV001896">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35022119">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="British Museum"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2002147948&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX102968">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/6451">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90929335">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000078654&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=55943">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000065933">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB201905499">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810548375205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/6265">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259036205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514078906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00592486?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500125180">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/825804">Trove</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/888755">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/887663">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/899373">4</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026472309">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60w2228">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/10426">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&oldid=1262596165">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Museum&oldid=1262596165</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Museum" title="Category:British Museum">British Museum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1753_establishments_in_England" title="Category:1753 establishments in England">1753 establishments in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_museums_in_London" title="Category:Archaeological museums in London">Archaeological museums in London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in London">Art museums and galleries in London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asian_art_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Asian art museums in the United Kingdom">Asian art museums in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Charities_based_in_London" title="Category:Charities based in London">Charities based in London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_completed_in_1847" title="Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1847">Buildings and structures completed in 1847</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_completed_in_2000" title="Category:Buildings and structures completed in 2000">Buildings and structures completed in 2000</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptological_collections_in_London" title="Category:Egyptological collections in London">Egyptological collections in London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Exempt_charities" title="Category:Exempt charities">Exempt charities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_museums" title="Category:History of museums">History of museums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Georgian_architecture_in_the_London_Borough_of_Camden" title="Category:Georgian architecture in the London Borough of Camden">Georgian architecture in the London Borough of Camden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_the_London_Borough_of_Camden" title="Category:Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden">Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grade_I_listed_museum_buildings" title="Category:Grade I listed museum buildings">Grade I listed museum buildings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_Revival_architecture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Greek Revival architecture in the United Kingdom">Greek Revival architecture in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horological_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Horological museums in the United Kingdom">Horological museums in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mesoamerican_art_museums" title="Category:Mesoamerican art museums">Mesoamerican art museums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_the_London_Borough_of_Camden" title="Category:Museums in the London Borough of Camden">Museums in the London Borough of Camden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_of_ancient_Greece_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Museums of ancient Greece in the United Kingdom">Museums of ancient Greece in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_of_ancient_Rome_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Museums of ancient Rome in the United Kingdom">Museums of ancient Rome in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_of_Ancient_Near_East_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Museums of Ancient Near East in the United Kingdom">Museums of Ancient Near East in the United 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