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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypermedia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B7_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D8%A9" title="وسائط فائقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وسائط فائقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipermedia" title="Hipermedia – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hipermedia" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperm%C3%A8dia" title="Hipermèdia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hipermèdia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hypermedia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BF" title="Υπερμέσο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπερμέσο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipermedia" title="Hipermedia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hipermedia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipermedia" title="Hipermedia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hipermedia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="ابررسانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابررسانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperm%C3%A9dia" title="Hypermédia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hypermédia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipirmhe%C3%A1in" title="Hipirmheáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hipirmheáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4" title="하이퍼미디어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하이퍼미디어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipermedija" title="Hipermedija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hipermedija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipermedia" title="Ipermedia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ipermedia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гиперорта – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гиперорта" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Гипермедиа – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гипермедиа" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperm%C3%A9dia" title="Hipermédia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hipermédia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hypermedia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="ハイパーメディア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハイパーメディア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperm%C3%ADdia" title="Hipermídia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hipermídia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Гипермедиа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гипермедиа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperm%C3%A9dium" title="Hypermédium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hypermédium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipermedija" title="Hipermedija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hipermedija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hypermedia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperortam" title="Hiperortam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hiperortam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0" title="Гіпермедіа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіпермедіа" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.2em;"><i>Part of a series on</i></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Anthropology#Nature,_science,_and_technology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology of nature,<br /> science, and technology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Basic concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecogovernmentality" title="Ecogovernmentality">Ecogovernmentality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature%E2%80%93culture_divide" title="Nature–culture divide">Nature–culture divide</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Major theorists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Boellstorff" title="Tom Boellstorff">Tom Boellstorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Brassier" title="Ray Brassier">Ray Brassier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_H._Bratton" title="Benjamin H. Bratton">Benjamin H. Bratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Coleman" title="Gabriella Coleman">Gabriella Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Ellen" title="Roy Ellen">Roy Ellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Mark Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Félix Guattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Haraway" title="Donna Haraway">Donna Haraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuko_Ito" title="Mizuko Ito">Mizuko Ito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Latour" title="Bruno Latour">Bruno Latour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Miller_(anthropologist)" title="Daniel Miller (anthropologist)">Daniel Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nelson" title="Ted Nelson">Ted Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Negarestani" title="Reza Negarestani">Reza Negarestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadie_Plant" title="Sadie Plant">Sadie Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Virilio" title="Paul Virilio">Paul Virilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Wesch" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Wesch">Mike Wesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_White" title="Leslie White">Leslie White</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Related articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_Realism" title="Capitalist Realism">Capitalist Realism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_ecology" title="Cultural ecology">Cultural ecology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_Culture_Research_Unit" title="Cybernetic Culture Research Unit">Cybernetic Culture Research Unit</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(CCRU)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybertext" title="Cybertext">Cybertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_anthropology" title="Cyborg anthropology">Cyborg anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_anthropology" title="Digital anthropology">Digital anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_anthropology" title="Ecological anthropology">Ecological anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_anthropology" title="Environmental anthropology">Environmental anthropology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fanged_Noumena" title="Fanged Noumena">Fanged Noumena</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Kunzru" title="Hari Kunzru">Hari Kunzru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hypermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_fiction" title="Hypertext fiction">Hypertext fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Literary_Machines" title="Literary Machines">Literary Machines</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science,_technology_and_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Science, technology and society">Science, technology and society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">Social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural anthropology</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyber_anthropology" title="Template:Cyber anthropology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyber_anthropology" title="Template talk:Cyber anthropology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyber_anthropology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyber anthropology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hypermedia</b>, an extension of <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a>, is a nonlinear medium of information that includes graphics, audio, video, plain text and <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinks</a>. This designation contrasts with the broader term <i><a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a></i>, which may include non-interactive linear presentations as well as hypermedia. The term was first used in a 1965 article written by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Nelson" title="Ted Nelson">Ted Nelson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rettberg_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rettberg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hypermedia is a type of multimedia that features interactive elements, such as hypertext, buttons, or interactive images and videos, allowing users to navigate and engage with content in a non-linear manner. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> is a classic example of hypermedia to access <a href="/wiki/Web_content" title="Web content">web content</a>, whereas a conventional <a href="/wiki/Movie_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie theatre">cinema</a> presentation is an example of standard multimedia, due to its inherent linearity and lack of interactivity via hyperlinks. </p><p>The first hypermedia work was, arguably, the <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Movie_Map" title="Aspen Movie Map">Aspen Movie Map</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Atkinson" title="Bill Atkinson">Bill Atkinson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a> popularized hypermedia writing, while a variety of literary hypertext and non-fiction <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> works, demonstrated the promise of hyperlinks. Most modern hypermedia is delivered via <a href="/wiki/Pagination" title="Pagination">electronic pages</a> from a variety of systems including <a href="/wiki/Media_player_software" title="Media player software">media players</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a>, and stand-alone applications (i.e., software that does not require network access). Audio hypermedia is emerging with <a href="/wiki/Voice_command_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice command device">voice command devices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voice_browser" title="Voice browser">voice browsing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_tools">Development tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypermedia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hypermedia" title="Special:EditPage/Hypermedia">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hypermedia may be developed in a number of ways. Any <a href="/wiki/Programming_tool" title="Programming tool">programming tool</a> can be used to write programs that link data from internal variables and <a href="/wiki/Node_(computer_science)" title="Node (computer science)">nodes</a> for external data files. Multimedia development software such as <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Director" title="Adobe Director">Adobe Director</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macromedia_Authorware" class="mw-redirect" title="Macromedia Authorware">Macromedia Authorware</a>, and MatchWare Mediator may be used to create stand-alone hypermedia applications, with emphasis on entertainment content. Some <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> software, such as <a href="/wiki/FoxPro" title="FoxPro">Visual FoxPro</a> and <a href="/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker">FileMaker Developer</a>, may be used to develop stand-alone hypermedia applications, with emphasis on educational and business content management. </p><p>Hypermedia applications may be developed on embedded devices for the mobile and the <a href="/wiki/Digital_signage" title="Digital signage">digital signage</a> industries using the <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">Scalable Vector Graphics</a> (SVG) specification from W3C (<a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>). Software applications, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikivo_Animator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikivo Animator (page does not exist)">Ikivo Animator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inkscape" title="Inkscape">Inkscape</a>, simplify the development of hypermedia content based on SVG. Embedded devices, such as the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, natively support SVG specifications and may be used to create mobile and distributed hypermedia applications. </p><p>Hyperlinks may also be added to <a href="/wiki/Data_file" title="Data file">data files</a> using most <a href="/wiki/Business_software" title="Business software">business software</a> via the limited <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinking</a> features built in. Documentation software, such as the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office Suite">Microsoft Office Suite</a> and <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a>, allow for hypertext links to other content within the same file, other external files, and <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> links to files on external <a href="/wiki/File_server" title="File server">file servers</a>. For more emphasis on graphics and <a href="/wiki/Page_layout" title="Page layout">page layout</a>, hyperlinks may be added using most modern <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> tools. This includes <a href="/wiki/Presentation_program" title="Presentation program">presentation programs</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">Microsoft PowerPoint</a> and <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice_Impress" class="mw-redirect" title="LibreOffice Impress">LibreOffice Impress</a>, add-ons to print layout programs such as <a href="/wiki/QuarkXPress" title="QuarkXPress">Quark Immedia</a>, and tools to include hyperlinks in <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> documents such as <a href="/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">Adobe InDesign</a> for creating and <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat" title="Adobe Acrobat">Adobe Acrobat</a> for editing. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper_Publish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyper Publish (page does not exist)">Hyper Publish</a> is a tool specifically designed and optimized for hypermedia and hypertext management. Any <a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a> may be used to build <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> files, accessible by any web browser. <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_authoring" title="Optical disc authoring">CD/DVD authoring</a> tools, such as <a href="/wiki/DVD_Studio_Pro" title="DVD Studio Pro">DVD Studio Pro</a>, may be used to hyperlink the content of <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a> for <a href="/wiki/DVD_player" title="DVD player">DVD players</a> or web links when the disc is played on a <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> connected to the internet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Learning">Learning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypermedia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Learning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been a number of theories concerning hypermedia and learning. One important claim in the literature on hypermedia and learning is that it offers more control over the instructional environment for the reader or student.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another claim is that it levels the playing field among students of varying abilities and enhances collaborative learning.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A claim from psychology includes the notion that hypermedia more closely models the structure of the brain, in comparison with printed text.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_programming_interfaces">Application programming interfaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypermedia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Application programming interfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hypermedia" title="Special:EditPage/Hypermedia">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hypermedia is used as a medium and constraint in certain <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interfaces</a>. <a href="/wiki/HATEOAS" title="HATEOAS">HATEOAS</a>, Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State, is a constraint of the <a href="/wiki/Representational_state_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Representational state transfer">REST application architecture</a> where a client interacts with the server entirely through hypermedia provided dynamically by application servers. This means that in theory no <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> documentation is needed, because the client needs no prior knowledge about how to interact with any particular application or server beyond a generic understanding of hypermedia. In other <a href="/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">service-oriented architectures</a> (SOA), clients and servers interact through a fixed <a href="/wiki/Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">interface</a> shared through documentation or an <a href="/wiki/Interface_description_language" title="Interface description language">interface description language</a> (IDL). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypermedia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybertext" title="Cybertext">Cybertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_literature" title="Electronic literature">Electronic literature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperland" title="Hyperland">Hyperland</a></i> is a 1990 documentary film that focuses on <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a> and explains adaptive hypertext and hypermedia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamedia" title="Metamedia">Metamedia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypermedia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNelson1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nelson" title="Ted Nelson">Nelson, Theodor</a> (1965-08-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/800197.806036">"Complex information processing: A file structure for the complex, the changing and the indeterminate"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 1965 20th national conference</i>. ACM '65. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 84–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F800197.806036">10.1145/800197.806036</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-7495-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-7495-8"><bdi>978-1-4503-7495-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240428101834/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/800197.806036">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Complex+information+processing%3A+A+file+structure+for+the+complex%2C+the+changing+and+the+indeterminate&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+1965+20th+national+conference&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY%2C+USA&rft.series=ACM+%2765&rft.pages=84-100&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.date=1965-08-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F800197.806036&rft.isbn=978-1-4503-7495-8&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1145%2F800197.806036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHypermedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rettberg-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rettberg_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRettberg" class="citation web cs1">Rettberg, Jill Walker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elmcip.net/node/7367">"Complex Information Processing: A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate"</a>. Electronic Literature as a Model of Creativity and Innovation in Practice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130707050841/http://elmcip.net/node/7367">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Complex+Information+Processing%3A+A+File+Structure+for+the+Complex%2C+the+Changing%2C+and+the+Indeterminate&rft.pub=Electronic+Literature+as+a+Model+of+Creativity+and+Innovation+in+Practice&rft.aulast=Rettberg&rft.aufirst=Jill+Walker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felmcip.net%2Fnode%2F7367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHypermedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGooseHall1995" class="citation journal cs1">Goose, Stuart; Hall, Wendy (1995). "The development of a sound viewer for an open hypermedia system". <i>New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 213–231. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13614569508914668">10.1080/13614569508914668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Review+of+Hypermedia+and+Multimedia&rft.atitle=The+development+of+a+sound+viewer+for+an+open+hypermedia+system&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=213-231&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13614569508914668&rft.aulast=Goose&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.au=Hall%2C+Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHypermedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terry K. Borsook, Nancy Higginbotham-Wheat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eric.ed.gov:80/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED345697&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED345697"><i>A Psychology of Hypermedia: A Conceptual Framework for R&D.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606193018/http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true">Archived</a> 2012-06-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1992. Retrieved August 3, 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypermedia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicksJohn_J._LeggettPeter_J._NürnbergJohn_L._Schnase1998" class="citation journal cs1">Hicks, David L.; John J. Leggett; Peter J. Nürnberg; John L. Schnase (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F279339.279341">"A hypermedia version control framework"</a>. <i>ACM Transactions on Information Systems</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 127–160. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F279339.279341">10.1145/279339.279341</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1046-8188">1046-8188</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+Information+Systems&rft.atitle=A+hypermedia+version+control+framework&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=127-160&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F279339.279341&rft.issn=1046-8188&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft.au=John+J.+Leggett&rft.au=Peter+J.+N%C3%BCrnberg&rft.au=John+L.+Schnase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F279339.279341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHypermedia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaveUnmil_P._KaradkarRichard_FurutaLuis_Francisco-Revilla2003" class="citation book cs1">Dave, Pratik; Unmil P. Karadkar; Richard Furuta; Luis Francisco-Revilla; Frank Shipman; Suvendu Dash; Zubin Dalal (2003). "Browsing intricately interconnected paths". <i>Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HYPERTEXT '03</i>. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.524.9176">10.1.1.524.9176</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F900051.900071">10.1145/900051.900071</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1581137040" title="Special:BookSources/978-1581137040"><bdi>978-1581137040</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Browsing+intricately+interconnected+paths&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+fourteenth+ACM+conference+on+Hypertext+and+hypermedia+-+HYPERTEXT+%2703&rft.pages=95&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.524.9176%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F900051.900071&rft.isbn=978-1581137040&rft.aulast=Dave&rft.aufirst=Pratik&rft.au=Unmil+P.+Karadkar&rft.au=Richard+Furuta&rft.au=Luis+Francisco-Revilla&rft.au=Frank+Shipman&rft.au=Suvendu+Dash&rft.au=Zubin+Dalal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHypermedia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeißler1995" class="citation book cs1">Geißler, Jörg (1995). "Surfing the movie space". <i>Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Multimedia - MULTIMEDIA '95</i>. pp. 391–400. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F217279.215303">10.1145/217279.215303</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0897917513" title="Special:BookSources/978-0897917513"><bdi>978-0897917513</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Surfing+the+movie+space&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+third+ACM+international+conference+on+Multimedia+-+MULTIMEDIA+%2795&rft.pages=391-400&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F217279.215303&rft.isbn=978-0897917513&rft.aulast=Gei%C3%9Fler&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHypermedia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2003" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Steve (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne00jone"><i>Encyclopedia of New Media</i></a></span>. Sage Publications. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412950657">10.4135/9781412950657</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412950657" title="Special:BookSources/9781412950657"><bdi>9781412950657</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Media&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412950657&rft.isbn=9781412950657&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofne00jone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHypermedia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLister2003" class="citation book cs1">Lister, Martin; et al. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newmediacritical0000unse"><i>New Media: A Critical Introduction</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415223782" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415223782"><bdi>978-0415223782</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Media%3A+A+Critical+Introduction&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0415223782&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewmediacritical0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHypermedia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypermedia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/hypermedia" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/hypermedia"><i>hypermedia</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hypermedia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hypermedia" title="Template:Hypermedia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hypermedia" title="Template talk:Hypermedia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hypermedia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hypermedia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hypermedia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hypermedia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">Hyperlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_fiction" title="Hypertext fiction">Hypertext fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypervideo" title="Hypervideo">Hypervideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_hypermedia" title="Adaptive hypermedia">Adaptive hypermedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_educational_hypermedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive educational hypermedia">educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoring_of_adaptive_hypermedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoring of adaptive hypermedia">authoring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlinks_in_virtual_worlds" title="Hyperlinks in virtual worlds">Hyperlinks in virtual worlds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resource identifiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_resource_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform resource identifier">Uniform resource identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_resource_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationalized resource identifier">Internationalized resource identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_resource_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform resource name">Uniform resource name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">Uniform resource locator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_resource_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible resource identifier">Extensible resource identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_uniform_resource_locator" title="Persistent uniform resource locator">Persistent uniform resource locator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_URL" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantic URL">Semantic URL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_text" title="Anchor text">anchor text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Click_path" title="Click path">click path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">Domain name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_meat_navigation#Related:_"Click_here"" title="Mystery meat navigation">click here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_aspects_of_hyperlinking_and_framing" title="Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing">Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_linking" title="Deep linking">deep linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat link">Fat link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URI_fragment" title="URI fragment">URI fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">Hostname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_linking" title="Inline linking">Inline linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backlink" title="Backlink">inbound link</a>/<a href="/wiki/Backlink" title="Backlink">backlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_referer" title="HTTP referer">HTTP referer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_map" title="Image map">image map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal link">Internal link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark_(World_Wide_Web)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookmark (World Wide Web)">Internet bookmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linkback" title="Linkback">linkback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_relation" title="Link relation">Link relation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_rot" title="Link rot">Link rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_hyperlinking" title="Object hyperlinking">Object hyperlinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_hotspot" title="Screen hotspot">Screen hotspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_tracking" title="Source tracking">Source tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transclusion" title="Transclusion">transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="URI scheme">URI scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URL_normalization" class="mw-redirect" title="URL normalization">URL normalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URL_redirection" title="URL redirection">URL redirection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">Website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">Web page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">XML namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_poetry" title="Digital poetry">Digital poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hypertext" title="History of hypertext">History of hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive novel">Interactive novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_fiction" title="Interactive fiction">Interactive fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_hypertext_technology" title="Timeline of hypertext technology">Timeline of hypertext technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_aspects_of_hyperlinking_and_framing" title="Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing">Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web" title="History of the World Wide Web">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Application_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain Application Protocol">Domain Application Protocol</a></li></ul> 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