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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Italian appellation system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_appellation_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographical_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographical_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geographical characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographical_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_wine_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_wine_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Italian wine areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_wine_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_grape_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_grape_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Italian grape varieties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Italian_grape_varieties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Italian grape varieties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Italian_grape_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bianco_(White)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bianco_(White)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bianco (White)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bianco_(White)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rosso_(red)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosso_(red)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Rosso (red)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosso_(red)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Super_Tuscans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Super_Tuscans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Super Tuscans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Super_Tuscans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wine_guides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wine_guides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Wine guides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wine_guides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vino_cotto_and_vincotto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vino_cotto_and_vincotto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span><span><i>Vino cotto</i></span> and <span><i>vincotto</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vino_cotto_and_vincotto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B0_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="نبيذ إيطاليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبيذ إيطاليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_d%27It%C3%A0lia" title="Vi d'Itàlia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vi d'Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Итали эрехĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Итали эрехĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italsk%C3%A1_v%C3%ADna" title="Italská vína – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Italská vína" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinbau_in_Italien" title="Weinbau in Italien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weinbau in Italien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaalia_veinid" title="Itaalia veinid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Itaalia veinid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino_de_Italia" title="Vino de Italia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vino de Italia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="شراب ایتالیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شراب ایتالیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viticulture_en_Italie" title="Viticulture en Italie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viticulture en Italie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%8F%AC%EB%8F%84%EC%A3%BC" title="이탈리아 포도주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탈리아 포도주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6_%D4%BB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գինեգործությունն Իտալիայում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գինեգործությունն Իտալիայում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viticoltura_in_Italia" title="Viticoltura in Italia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Viticoltura in Italia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="იტალიური ღვინო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იტალიური ღვინო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinum_Italicum" title="Vinum Italicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vinum Italicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali%C5%A1kas_vynas" title="Itališkas vynas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Itališkas vynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wijnbouw_in_Itali%C3%AB" title="Wijnbouw in Italië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wijnbouw in Italië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="イタリアワイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタリアワイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiensk_vin" title="Italiensk vin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Italiensk vin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wina_w%C5%82oskie" title="Wina włoskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wina włoskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinho_italiano" title="Vinho italiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vinho italiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Виноделие в Италии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виноделие в Италии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Italian wine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijansko_vino" title="Italijansko vino – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Italijansko vino" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viinintuotanto_Italiassa" title="Viinintuotanto Italiassa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viinintuotanto Italiassa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienska_viner" title="Italienska viner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Italienska viner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0talyan_%C5%9Farab%C4%B1" title="İtalyan şarabı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İtalyan şarabı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Італійське вино – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Італійське вино" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_vang_%C3%9D" title="Rượu vang Ý – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rượu vang Ý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wine making in Italy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg/150px-Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg/225px-Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg/300px-Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Tuscan <a href="/wiki/Chianti" title="Chianti">Chianti</a> in a traditional <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Fiasco_(bottle)" title="Fiasco (bottle)">fiasco</a></i></span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Italian wine</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">vino italiano</i>) is produced in every <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">region of Italy</a>. Italy is the country with the widest variety of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis">grapevine</a> in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-inumeridelvino_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inumeridelvino-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-giornalevinocibo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giornalevinocibo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an area of 702,000 hectares (1.73 million acres) under vineyard cultivation,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions#Countries" title="List of wine-producing regions">world's largest wine producer</a> and the largest exporter as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-statistaproduction_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistaproduction-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statistaexport_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistaexport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contributing 49.8 million <a href="/wiki/Hectolitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hectolitre">hl</a> of wine in 2022, Italy accounted for over 19.3% of global production, ahead of <a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">France</a> (17.7%) and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Spain</a> (13.8%);<sup id="cite_ref-statistaexport_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistaexport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VCranked_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VCranked-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the following year, production decreased by 11.5 million hl, and Italy was surpassed by France.<sup id="cite_ref-statistaproduction_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistaproduction-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian wine is also popular domestically among Italians, who consume a yearly average of 46.8 litres per capita, ranking third in world wine consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-statistaconsumption_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistaconsumption-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origins of <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">vine-growing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a> in Italy has been illuminated by recent research, stretching back even before the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians_and_wine" title="Phoenicians and wine">Phoenician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Greek</a> settlers, who produced wine in Italy before <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine" title="Ancient Rome and wine">the Romans planted their own vineyards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd_443–480_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd_443–480-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romans greatly increased Italy's viticultural area using efficient viticultural and winemaking methods.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vineyards_in_Piemonte,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/440px-Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Landscape_of_Piedmont:_Langhe-Roero_and_Monferrato" title="Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato">Vineyards in Langhe and Montferrat, Piedmont</a>, the official name of a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> comprising "five distinct wine-growing areas with outstanding landscapes" and the <a href="/wiki/Grinzane_Cavour_Castle" title="Grinzane Cavour Castle">Castle of Grinzane Cavour</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, Italy<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Vines have been cultivated from the wild <i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i> grape for millennia in Italy. It was previously believed that viticulture had been introduced into <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and southern Italy by the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaeans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Fagan_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fagan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as winemaking traditions are known to have already been established in Italy by the time the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> colonists arrived on Italy's shores around 1000–800 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Sandler_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandler-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jacobson_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, archeological discoveries on <a href="/wiki/Monte_Kronio" title="Monte Kronio">Monte Kronio</a> in 2017 revealed that viticulture in Sicily flourished at least as far back as 4000 BC — some 3,000 years earlier than previously thought.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also on the peninsula, traces of Bronze Age and even Neolithic grapevine management and small-scale winemaking might suggest earlier origins than previously thought.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd_443–480_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd_443–480-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a> large-scale, slave-run <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> sprang up in many coastal areas of Italy and spread to such an extent that, in AD 92, <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Emperor Domitian</a> was forced to destroy a great number of vineyards in order to free up fertile land for food production. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uva,_Olivetrees,_Oaks,_Vineyards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Uva%2C_Olivetrees%2C_Oaks%2C_Vineyards.jpg/220px-Uva%2C_Olivetrees%2C_Oaks%2C_Vineyards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Uva%2C_Olivetrees%2C_Oaks%2C_Vineyards.jpg/330px-Uva%2C_Olivetrees%2C_Oaks%2C_Vineyards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Uva%2C_Olivetrees%2C_Oaks%2C_Vineyards.jpg/440px-Uva%2C_Olivetrees%2C_Oaks%2C_Vineyards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A typical Italian vineyard scene, with vines growing alongside olive trees</figcaption></figure> <p>During this time, <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> outside of Italy was prohibited under Roman law. Exports to the provinces were reciprocated in exchange for more slaves, especially from <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>. Trade was intense with Gaul, according to <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>, because the inhabitants tended to drink Italian wine unmixed and without restraint.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although unpalatable to adults, it was customary, at the time, for young people to drink wine mixed with a good proportion of water. </p><p>As the laws on provincial viticulture were relaxed, vast vineyards began to flourish in the rest of Europe, especially Gaul (present-day France) and <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>. This coincided with the cultivation of new vines, such as biturica, an ancestor of the <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cabernet (disambiguation)">Cabernets</a>. These vineyards became so successful that Italy ultimately became an import centre for provincial wines.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Depending on the vintage, modern Italy is the world's largest or second-largest wine producer. In 2005, production was about 20% of the global total, second only to France, which produced 26%. In the same year, Italy's share in dollar value of table wine imports into the U.S. was 32%, Australia's was 24%, and France's was 20%. Along with Australia, Italy's market share has rapidly increased in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_appellation_system">Italian appellation system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Italian appellation system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg/220px-%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg/330px-%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg/440px-%2215_-_ITALY_-_DOCG_and_DOC_wine_mark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOCG and DOC</a> labels on two Italian wine bottles</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1963, the first official Italian system of classification of wines was launched. Since then, several modifications and additions to the legislation have been made, including a major modification in 1992. The last modification, which occurred in 2010, established four basic categories which are consistent with the latest <a href="/wiki/European_Union_wine_regulations" title="European Union wine regulations">European Union wine regulations</a> (2008–09). The Italian Ministry of Agriculture (MIPAAF) regularly publishes updates to the official classification.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The categories, from the bottom to the top level, are: </p> <ul><li><b>Vini da tavola</b> ("<a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">table wines</a>"). At the lowest level are table wines (VdT).<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VdT wines are mandatory to include on the label the production batch, the volume of the container, the bottler's data, the place of bottling and vinification (if different places take place), the alcohol content, the gasification (if existing), the phrase "contains sulphites" only if the threshold of 10 mg/L of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> is exceeded.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specification of the color is optional, while the mention of the grape variety is not foreseen.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Vini IGT</b> ("<a href="/wiki/Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">typical geographical indication wines</a>"). IGT wines comply with European Community regulation Nr.823 of 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indication of the grape variety, production year and production area are optional.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Vini DOC</b> ("<a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">controlled designation of origin wines</a>"). In addition to what is foreseen for IGT wines, the labels of DOC wines must specify the production areas more precisely.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These wines cannot be produced with grapes intended for IGT wines, and must necessarily be subjected to chemical-physical and organoleptic analyzes during the production phase.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DOC recognition is exclusively reserved for wines produced in areas recognized as IGT for at least five years.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sub-areas where they are produced can optionally be mentioned on the label.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the label it is possible to mention further characteristics of the wine (e.g. classic, superior). The year of production must be mentioned on the label.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Vini DOCG</b> ("<a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata#Denominazione_di_origine_controllata_e_garantita_(DOCG)" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">controlled and guaranteed designation of origin wines</a>"). DOCG wines are subject to more restrictive regulations than those of DOC wines.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DOCG denomination is applied only to wines that have been recognized as DOC for at least seven years and are of particular quality.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During bottling, chemical-physical and organoleptic analysis is mandatory, batch by batch, and the individual bottles are marked with a control band placed in such a way as to be damaged when the bottle is opened.<sup id="cite_ref-quattrocalici_19-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quattrocalici-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_characteristics">Geographical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geographical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florio_winery_(4894800110).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Florio_winery_%284894800110%29.jpg/220px-Florio_winery_%284894800110%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Florio_winery_%284894800110%29.jpg/330px-Florio_winery_%284894800110%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Florio_winery_%284894800110%29.jpg/440px-Florio_winery_%284894800110%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Wine barrels in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Important wine-relevant geographic characteristics of Italy include: </p> <ul><li>The extensive latitudinal range of the country permits wine growing from the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> in the north to almost-within-sight of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> in the south.</li> <li>The fact that Italy is a <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> with a long shoreline contributes to moderating climate effects to coastal wine regions.</li> <li>Italy's mountainous and hilly terrain provides a variety of altitudes and climate and soil conditions for grape growing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_wine_areas">Italian wine areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Italian wine areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main wine production areas in Italy, with the wine-growing areas, the main vines (the native ones in italics) and the main wines produced: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>Wine-growing region </th> <th>Main grape varieties </th> <th>Main wines </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_wine_region" title="Abruzzo wine region">Abruzzo</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo" title="Montepulciano d'Abruzzo">Montepulciano d'Abruzzo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trebbiano_d%27Abruzzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Trebbiano d'Abruzzo">Trebbiano d'Abruzzo</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valle_d%27Aosta_DOC" title="Valle d'Aosta DOC">Valle d'Aosta DOC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Dauni" class="mw-redirect" title="Monti Dauni">Monti Dauni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Salento" title="Salento">Salento</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nero_di_Troia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nero di Troia">Nero di Troia</a> </td> <td>Primitivo di Manduria </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/23px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/35px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/45px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="593" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vulture-Melfese" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulture-Melfese">Vulture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aglianico_del_Vulture" title="Aglianico del Vulture">Aglianico del Vulture</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia_wine" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorizia_Hills" title="Gorizia Hills">Gorizia Hills</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Carso" class="mw-redirect" title="Carso">Carso</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Collio_Goriziano" title="Collio Goriziano">Collio Goriziano</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="1101" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frascati" title="Frascati">Frascati</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frascati_DOC" title="Frascati DOC">Frascati DOC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lombardy_wine" title="Lombardy wine">Lombardy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valtellina" title="Valtellina">Valtellina</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Sforzato di Valtellina</li><li>Valtellina superiore</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Franciacorta" title="Franciacorta">Franciacorta</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franciacorta_DOCG" title="Franciacorta DOCG">Franciacorta DOCG</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oltrep%C3%B2_Pavese" title="Oltrepò Pavese">Oltrepò Pavese</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/45px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_wine" title="Piedmont wine">Piedmont</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Langhe" title="Langhe">Langhe</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebbiolo" title="Nebbiolo">Nebbiolo</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arneis" title="Arneis">Arneis</a></i></li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a></li><li>Langhe Arneis</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roero" title="Roero">Roero</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a></i> </td> <td>Roero Arneis </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montferrat" title="Montferrat">Montferrat</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dolcetto" title="Dolcetto">Dolcetto</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbera_del_Monferrato" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbera del Monferrato">Barbera del Monferrato</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Grignolino" title="Grignolino">Grignolino</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Pelaverga" title="Pelaverga">Pelaverga</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verduno_Pelaverga" class="mw-redirect" title="Verduno Pelaverga">Verduno Pelaverga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruch%C3%A9" title="Ruché">Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cortese_di_Gavi" title="Cortese di Gavi">Cortese</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cortese_di_Gavi" title="Cortese di Gavi">Gavi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canavese" title="Canavese">Canavese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbaluce" title="Erbaluce">Erbaluce</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erbaluce_di_Caluso" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbaluce di Caluso">Erbaluce di Caluso</a></li><li>Canavese bianco</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Dolcetto di Dogliani </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tuscany_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscany wine">Tuscany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chianti_(region)" title="Chianti (region)">Chianti</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a></i> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chianti" title="Chianti">Chianti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chianti_Superiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Chianti Superiore">Chianti Superiore</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montefalco" title="Montefalco">Montefalco</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montefalco_Sagrantino" title="Montefalco Sagrantino">Montefalco Sagrantino</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sardinia_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardinia wine">Sardinia</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terralba" title="Terralba">Terralba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oristano" title="Oristano">Oristano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bosa" title="Bosa">Bosa</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bovale" title="Bovale">Bovale</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Bovale</li><li>Vermentino</li><li>Malvasia</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/23px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/35px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/45px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="776" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Veneto_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneto wine">Veneto</a> </td> <td>Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glera_(grape)" title="Glera (grape)">Glera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Valpolicella" title="Valpolicella">Valpolicella</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corvina" title="Corvina">Corvina</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corvinone" title="Corvinone">Corvinone</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rondinella" title="Rondinella">Rondinella</a></i></li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarone_della_Valpolicella" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarone della Valpolicella">Amarone della Valpolicella</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Valpolicella_Ripasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Valpolicella Ripasso">Valpolicella Ripasso</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_grape_varieties">Italian grape varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Italian grape varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_grape_varieties" title="List of Italian grape varieties">List of Italian grape varieties</a></div> <p>Italy is the country with the widest variety of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis">grapevine</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-inumeridelvino_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inumeridelvino-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-giornalevinocibo_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giornalevinocibo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy's Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MIPAAF), has documented over 350 grapes and granted them "authorized" status. There are more than 500 other documented varieties in circulation as well. The following is a list of the most common and important of Italy's many grape varieties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bianco_(White)"><span id="Bianco_.28White.29"></span>Bianco (White)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bianco (White)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Torri_-_harvest_Trebbiano_grapes_in_Tuscany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Le_Torri_-_harvest_Trebbiano_grapes_in_Tuscany.jpg/220px-Le_Torri_-_harvest_Trebbiano_grapes_in_Tuscany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Le_Torri_-_harvest_Trebbiano_grapes_in_Tuscany.jpg/330px-Le_Torri_-_harvest_Trebbiano_grapes_in_Tuscany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Le_Torri_-_harvest_Trebbiano_grapes_in_Tuscany.jpg/440px-Le_Torri_-_harvest_Trebbiano_grapes_in_Tuscany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a> grapes in the <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> region</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prosecco_di_Conegliano_bottle_and_glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Prosecco_di_Conegliano_bottle_and_glass.jpg/220px-Prosecco_di_Conegliano_bottle_and_glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Prosecco_di_Conegliano_bottle_and_glass.jpg/330px-Prosecco_di_Conegliano_bottle_and_glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Prosecco_di_Conegliano_bottle_and_glass.jpg/440px-Prosecco_di_Conegliano_bottle_and_glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2406" data-file-height="3812" /></a><figcaption>A bottle of <i><a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a> di Conegliano spumante</i> extra dry and a glass of Prosecco <i>frizzante</i>, which stops forming bubbles soon after it is poured</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arneis" title="Arneis">Arneis</a>: a variety from Piedmont, which has been grown there since the 15th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catarratto" title="Catarratto">Catarratto</a>: common in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and the most widely planted white variety in <a href="/wiki/Salaparuta" title="Salaparuta">Salaparuta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiano_(grape)" title="Fiano (grape)">Fiano</a>: grown on the southwest coast of Italy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvignonasse" title="Sauvignonasse">Friulano</a>: a variety also known as Sauvignon Vert or Sauvignonasse, it yields one of the most typical wines of Friuli. The wine was previously known as Tocai but the old name was prohibited by the European Court of Justice to avoid confusion with the <a href="/wiki/Tokaji" title="Tokaji">Tokay</a> dessert wine from Hungary.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garganega" title="Garganega">Garganega</a>: the main grape variety for wines labelled Soave and Custoza, this is a dry white wine from the Veneto wine region of Italy. It is popular in northeast Italy around the city of Verona. Currently, there are over 3,500 distinct producers of Soave.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco_(grape)" title="Greco (grape)">Greco</a>: grown on the southwest coast of Italy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvasia" title="Malvasia">Malvasia bianca</a>: a white variety that occurs throughout Italy. It has many <a href="/wiki/Propagation_of_grapevines" title="Propagation of grapevines">clones and mutations</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Moscato blanc</a>: grown mainly in Piedmont, it is mainly used in the slightly sparkling (<i>frizzante</i>), semi-sweet Moscato d'Asti. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Moscato_Giallo" title="Moscato Giallo">Moscato Giallo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscato_Rosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscato Rosa">Moscato Rosa</a>, two varietals that are grown in Trentino Alto-Adige.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragus" title="Nuragus">Nuragus</a>: an ancient Sardinian variety found in southern Sardegna, producing light and tart wines usually consumed as aperitifs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passerina_(grape)" title="Passerina (grape)">Passerina</a>: mainly derives from Passerina grapes (it may even be produced purely with these), plus a minimum percentage of other white grapes and may be still, sparkling or <i><a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">passito</a></i>. The still version has an acidic profile, which is typical of these grapes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecorino_(grape)" title="Pecorino (grape)">Pecorino</a>: native to Marche and Abruzzo, it is used in the Falerio dei Colli Ascolani and Offida DOC wines. It is low-yielding but will ripen early and at high altitudes. Pecorino wines have a rich, aromatic character.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigato" title="Pigato">Pigato</a>: an acidic variety <a href="/wiki/Liguria_wine" title="Liguria wine">from Liguria</a> that is vinified to pair with seafood.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinot_gris" title="Pinot gris">Pinot grigio</a>: a commercial grape (known as <i>Pinot Gris</i> in France), its wines are characterized by crispness and cleanness. The wine can range from mild to full-bodied.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribolla_Gialla" title="Ribolla Gialla">Ribolla Gialla</a>: a Greek variety introduced by the Venetians that now makes its home in Friuli.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a>: this is the most widely planted white varietal in Italy. It is grown throughout the country, with a special focus on the wines from Abruzzo and from Lazio, including <a href="/wiki/Frascati_DOC" title="Frascati DOC">Frascati</a>. Trebbiano from producers such as Valentini have been known to age for 15+ years. It is known as <a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Ugni blanc</a> in France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdicchio" title="Verdicchio">Verdicchio</a> or Trebbiano di Lugana: this is grown in the areas of Castelli di Jesi and Matelica in the Marche region and gives its name to the varietal white wine made from it. The name comes from "verde" (green).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermentino" title="Vermentino">Vermentino</a>: this is widely planted in Sardinia and is also found in Tuscan and Ligurian coastal districts. The wines are a popular accompaniment to seafood.</li></ul> <p>Other important whites include Carricante, Coda de Volpe, Cortese, <a href="/wiki/Falanghina" title="Falanghina">Falanghina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grechetto" title="Grechetto">Grechetto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grillo" title="Grillo">Grillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansonica" title="Ansonica">Inzolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picolit" title="Picolit">Picolit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savagnin" title="Savagnin">Traminer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verduzzo" title="Verduzzo">Verduzzo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vernaccia" title="Vernaccia">Vernaccia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosso_(red)"><span id="Rosso_.28red.29"></span>Rosso (red)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rosso (red)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vineyards_Val_D%27Orcia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vineyards_Val_D%27Orcia.jpg/220px-Vineyards_Val_D%27Orcia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vineyards_Val_D%27Orcia.jpg/330px-Vineyards_Val_D%27Orcia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vineyards_Val_D%27Orcia.jpg/440px-Vineyards_Val_D%27Orcia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a> vineyards in the <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Orcia" title="Val d'Orcia">Val d'Orcia</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Monte_Amiata" title="Monte Amiata">Monte Amiata</a> in the background, in the <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> region</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treiso_near_alba_italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Treiso_near_alba_italy.jpg/220px-Treiso_near_alba_italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Treiso_near_alba_italy.jpg/330px-Treiso_near_alba_italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Treiso_near_alba_italy.jpg/440px-Treiso_near_alba_italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nebbiolo" title="Nebbiolo">Nebbiolo</a> vineyards in <a href="/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont" title="Alba, Piedmont">Alba</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> region</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo_Cerasuolo_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo_Cerasuolo_2007.jpg/220px-Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo_Cerasuolo_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo_Cerasuolo_2007.jpg/330px-Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo_Cerasuolo_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo_Cerasuolo_2007.jpg/440px-Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo_Cerasuolo_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo" title="Montepulciano d'Abruzzo">Montepulciano d'Abruzzo</a> wine made from the <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_(grape)" title="Montepulciano (grape)">Montepulciano grape</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a> region</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglianico" title="Aglianico">Aglianico</a>: considered to be one of the three greatest Italian varieties with <a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nebbiolo" title="Nebbiolo">Nebbiolo</a>, and sometimes called "The Barolo of the South" (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">il Barolo del Sud</i></span>) due to its ability to produce fine wines.<sup id="cite_ref-nvr-barolo-south_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nvr-barolo-south-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is primarily grown in <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> to produce DOCG wines, <a href="/wiki/Aglianico_del_Vulture" title="Aglianico del Vulture">Aglianico del Vulture Superiore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taurasi_(wine)" title="Taurasi (wine)">Taurasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dagata-aglianico_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dagata-aglianico-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a>: the most widely grown red wine grape of the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> regions, the largest plantings of Barbera are found near the towns of <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont" title="Alba, Piedmont">Alba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a>. In the Asti region, Barbera grapes are used in making "Barbera d'Asti Superiore", which may be aged in French <i>barriques</i> to become <a href="/wiki/Nizza_DOCG" title="Nizza DOCG">Nizza</a>, a quality wine aimed at the international market. The vine has bright cherry-coloured fruit, and its wine is acidic with a dark colour.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvina" title="Corvina">Corvina</a>: along with the varieties <i>Rondinella</i> and <i>Molinara</i>, this is the principal grape which makes the famous wines of the Veneto: <a href="/wiki/Valpolicella" title="Valpolicella">Valpolicella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amarone" title="Amarone">Amarone</a>. Valpolicella wine has dark cherry fruit and spice. After the grapes undergo <i><a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">passito</a></i> (a drying process), the wine is now called Amarone, and is high in alcohol (16% and up) and characterized by raisin, prune, and syrupy fruits. Some Amarones can age for 40+ years and command spectacular prices. The same method used for Amarone is used for Recioto, the oldest wine produced in this area, but the difference is that Recioto is a sweet wine.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolcetto" title="Dolcetto">Dolcetto</a>: a grape that grows alongside Barbera and Nebbiolo in Piedmont, its name means 'little sweet one', referring not to the taste of the wine. Flavours of concord grape, wild blackberries, and herbs permeate the wine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvasia" title="Malvasia">Malvasia nera</a>: red Malvasia variety from Piedmont. A sweet and perfumed wine, sometimes pronounced in the <i><a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">passito</a></i> style.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_(grape)" title="Montepulciano (grape)">Montepulciano</a>: not to be confused with the Tuscan town of <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano" title="Montepulciano">Montepulciano</a>, it is the most widely planted grape on the opposite coast in <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a>. Its wines develop silky plum-like fruit notes, friendly acidity, and light tannins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebbiolo" title="Nebbiolo">Nebbiolo</a>: the noblest of Italy's varieties. The name (meaning "little fog") refers to the autumn fog that blankets most of Piedmont where Nebbiolo is chiefly grown, and where it achieves the most successful results. A difficult grape variety to cultivate, it produces the most renowned <a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a>, made in the province of Cuneo, along with the lesser-known <a href="/wiki/Ghemme_DOCG" title="Ghemme DOCG">Ghemme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gattinara_DOCG" title="Gattinara DOCG">Gattinara</a>, made in the provinces of Novara and Vercelli respectively, and Sforzato, Inferno and Sassella made in <a href="/wiki/Valtellina" title="Valtellina">Valtellina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negroamaro" title="Negroamaro">Negroamaro</a>: the name literally means 'black bitter'. A widely planted grape with its concentration in the region of Puglia, it is the backbone of the <a href="/wiki/Salice_Salentino_(wine)" title="Salice Salentino (wine)">Salice Salentino</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero_d%27Avola" title="Nero d'Avola">Nero d'Avola</a>: this native varietal wine of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> has dark fruit notes and strong tannins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Primitivo</a>: a red grape found in southern Italy, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>. Primitivo ripens early and thrives in warm climates, where it can achieve very high alcohol levels.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagrantino" title="Sagrantino">Sagrantino</a>: a rare native of Umbria, as of 2010, it is planted on only 994 hectares (2,460 acres).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Montefalco_Sagrantino" title="Montefalco Sagrantino">Montefalco Sagrantino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montefalco_DOC" title="Montefalco DOC">Montefalco Rosso</a> wines can also age for many years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a>: it is most notably the predominant grape variety in <a href="/wiki/Chianti" title="Chianti">Chianti</a> and Chianti Classico, and the sole ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Brunello_di_Montalcino" title="Brunello di Montalcino">Brunello di Montalcino</a>. Sangiovese is also a major constituent of dozens of other denominations, such as <a href="/wiki/Vino_Nobile_di_Montepulciano" title="Vino Nobile di Montepulciano">Vino Nobile di Montepulciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunello_di_Montalcino#Rosso_di_Montalcino" title="Brunello di Montalcino">Rosso di Montalcino</a> and Montefalco Rosso, as well as the basis of many of the "Super Tuscans", where it is blended with three of the Bordeaux varietals (<a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a>) and typically aged in French oak barrels, resulting in a wine primed for the international market in the style of a typical California cabernet: oaky, high-alcohol, and a ripe, fruit-forward profile.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Other major red varieties are <a href="/wiki/Grenache" title="Grenache">Cannonau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciliegiolo" title="Ciliegiolo">Ciliegiolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaglioppo" title="Gaglioppo">Gaglioppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagrein" title="Lagrein">Lagrein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambrusco" title="Lambrusco">Lambrusco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monica_(grape)" title="Monica (grape)">Monica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nerello" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerello">Nerello Mascalese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pignolo_(grape)" title="Pignolo (grape)">Pignolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refosco" title="Refosco">Refosco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trollinger" title="Trollinger">Schiava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schioppettino" title="Schioppettino">Schioppettino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teroldego" title="Teroldego">Teroldego</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uva_di_Troia" title="Uva di Troia">Uva di Troia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Super_Tuscans">Super Tuscans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Super Tuscans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toscana_igt_wine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Toscana_igt_wine.jpg/200px-Toscana_igt_wine.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Toscana_igt_wine.jpg/300px-Toscana_igt_wine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Toscana_igt_wine.jpg/400px-Toscana_igt_wine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscan</a> wine</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_wine#Super_Tuscans" title="Tuscan wine">Super Tuscan</a></i> (mostly used in the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a> and less known in Italy)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describes any wine (mostly red, but sometimes also white) produced in <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_wine" title="Tuscan wine">Tuscany</a> that generally does not adhere to the traditional local DOC or <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata#Denominazione_di_origine_controllata_e_garantita_(DOCG)" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOCG</a> regulations. As a result, Super Tuscans are usually Toscana <a href="/wiki/Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">IGT</a> wines, while others are <a href="/wiki/Bolgheri#Wine" title="Bolgheri">Bolgheri</a> <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOC</a>, a designation of origin rather open to international grape varieties. Traditional Tuscan DOC(G)s require that wines are made from native grapes and mostly <a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a>. While sometimes Super Tuscans are actually produced by Sangiovese alone, they are also often obtained by (1) blending Sangiovese with international grapes (such as <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a>) to produce red wines, (2) blending international grapes alone (especially classic Bordeaux grapes for reds; <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a> for whites), or (3) using one single international variety. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poggio_Amorelli_Castellina_in_Chianti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Poggio_Amorelli_Castellina_in_Chianti.jpg/220px-Poggio_Amorelli_Castellina_in_Chianti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Poggio_Amorelli_Castellina_in_Chianti.jpg/330px-Poggio_Amorelli_Castellina_in_Chianti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Poggio_Amorelli_Castellina_in_Chianti.jpg/440px-Poggio_Amorelli_Castellina_in_Chianti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2281" /></a><figcaption>Poggio Amorelli, a typical winery of <a href="/wiki/Chianti_(region)" title="Chianti (region)">Chianti region</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tignanello_BMK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tignanello_BMK.jpg/220px-Tignanello_BMK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tignanello_BMK.jpg/330px-Tignanello_BMK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tignanello_BMK.jpg/440px-Tignanello_BMK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption><i>Tignanello</i>, one of the early Super Tuscans</figcaption></figure> <p>Although an extraordinary amount of wines claim to be "the first Super Tuscan", most would agree that this credit belongs to <a href="/wiki/Tenuta_San_Guido" title="Tenuta San Guido">Sassicaia</a>, the brainchild of marchese <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Incisa_della_Rocchetta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Incisa della Rocchetta (page does not exist)">Mario Incisa della Rocchetta</a>, who planted Cabernet Sauvignon at his <a href="/wiki/Tenuta_San_Guido" title="Tenuta San Guido">Tenuta San Guido</a> estate in <a href="/wiki/Bolgheri" title="Bolgheri">Bolgheri</a> back in 1944. It was for many years the marchese's personal wine, until, starting with the 1968 vintage, it was released commercially in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-KO-wofw_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KO-wofw-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968 Azienda Agricola San Felice produced a Super Tuscan called Vigorello, and in the 1970s Piero <a href="/wiki/Antinori" title="Antinori">Antinori</a>, whose family had been making wine for more than 600 years, also decided to make a richer wine by eliminating the white grapes from the Chianti blend, and instead, adding <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> varietals (namely, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot). He was inspired by Sassicaia, of which he was given the sale agency by his uncle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Incisa_della_Rocchetta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Incisa della Rocchetta (page does not exist)">Mario Incisa della Rocchetta</a>. The result was one of the first Super Tuscans, which he named <a href="/wiki/Antinori" title="Antinori">Tignanello</a>, after the vineyard where the grapes were grown. What was formerly Chianti Classico Riserva Vigneto Tignanello, was pulled from the DOC in 1971, first eliminating the white grapes (then compulsory in Chianti DOC) and gradually adding French varieties. By 1975, Tignanello was made with 85% Sangiovese, 10% Cabernet Sauvignon, and 5% Cabernet Franc, and it remains so today.<sup id="cite_ref-KO-wofw_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KO-wofw-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because these wines did not conform to strict DOC(G) classifications, they were initially labelled as <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">vino da tavola</a></i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">table wine</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), an old official category ordinarily reserved for lower quality wines. The creation of the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">indicazione geografica tipica</a></i></span> category (technically indicating a level of quality between vino da tavola and DOC(G)) in 1992 and the DOC <a href="/wiki/Bolgheri#Wine" title="Bolgheri">Bolgheri</a> label in 1994 helped bring Super Tuscans "back into the fold" from a regulatory standpoint. Since the pioneering work of the Super Tuscans, there has been a rapid expansion in the production of high-quality wines throughout Italy that do not qualify for DOC or DOCG classification. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wine_guides">Wine guides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wine guides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many international wine guides and wine publications rate the most popular Italian wines. Among the Italian publications, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Gambero_Rosso" title="Gambero Rosso">Gambero Rosso</a></i></span> is probably the most influential. In particular, the wines that are annually given the highest rating of "three glasses" (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Tre Bicchieri</i></span>) attract much attention. Recently, other guides, such as Slow Wine, published by Slow Food Italia, and Bibenda, compiled by the Fondazione Italiana Sommelier, have also gained attention both among professionals and amateurs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vino_cotto_and_vincotto"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Vino cotto</i></span> and <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">vincotto</i></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vino cotto and vincotto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricotta_et_vino_cotto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ricotta_et_vino_cotto.jpg/220px-Ricotta_et_vino_cotto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ricotta_et_vino_cotto.jpg/330px-Ricotta_et_vino_cotto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ricotta_et_vino_cotto.jpg/440px-Ricotta_et_vino_cotto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ricotta" title="Ricotta">Ricotta</a> with <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Vincotto" title="Vincotto">vincotto</a></i></span></figcaption></figure> <p><b><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Vino_cotto" title="Vino cotto">Vino cotto</a></i></span></b> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">cooked wine</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">central Italy</a>. It is typically made by individuals for their own use as it cannot legally be sold as wine. The must, from any of several local varieties of grapes, is heated in a <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> vessel where it is reduced in volume by up to a third before fermenting in old wooden barrels. It can be aged for years, barrels being topped up with each harvest. The Marche authorities have set down a specification for the method of production of <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">vino cotto</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Vincotto" title="Vincotto">Vincotto</a></i></span></b>, typically from <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> regions, also starts as a cooked must but is not <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking" title="Fermentation in winemaking">fermented</a>, resulting in a sweet syrup suitable for the preparation of sweets and soft drinks. In Roman times it was known as <i><a href="/wiki/Grape_syrup#Greco-Roman" title="Grape syrup">sapa</a></i> in Latin and <i><a href="/wiki/Grape_syrup#Greco-Roman" title="Grape syrup">epsima</a></i> in Greek, the same names that are often used for it, respectively, in Italy and Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-inumeridelvino-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inumeridelvino_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inumeridelvino_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inumeridelvino.it/2018/11/la-produzione-di-vino-nel-mondo-2018-prima-stima-oiv.html">"L'Italia è il maggiore produttore di vino"</a> (in Italian). 25 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Napa+Valley+Register&rft.atitle=Aglianico%3A+The+Barolo+of+the+South&rft.date=2015-11-12&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnapavalleyregister.com%2Fwine%2Fcolumnists%2Fallison-levine%2Faglianico-the-barolo-of-the-south%2Farticle_bae532d4-0461-5e49-a6c1-04b037cc4499.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dagata-aglianico-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dagata-aglianico_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Agata2014" class="citation book cs1">D'Agata, Ian (2014). "Aglianico". <i>Native Wine Grapes of Italy</i>. University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">162–</span>167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-27226-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-27226-2"><bdi>978-0-520-27226-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aglianico&rft.btitle=Native+Wine+Grapes+of+Italy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E162-%3C%2Fspan%3E167&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-520-27226-2&rft.aulast=D%27Agata&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120926010848/http://vinowire.simplicissimus.it/2009/12/01/amarone-and-recioto-docg-approved-by-italian-government">"Simplicissimus BlogFarm"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vinowire.simplicissimus.it/2009/12/01/amarone-and-recioto-docg-approved-by-italian-government">the original</a> on 26 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simplicissimus+BlogFarm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvinowire.simplicissimus.it%2F2009%2F12%2F01%2Famarone-and-recioto-docg-approved-by-italian-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonAryal2013" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Kym; Aryal, Nanda R. (2013). <i>Which Winegrape Varieties are Grown Where? A Global Empirical Picture</i>. University of Adelaide Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.20851%2Fwinegrapes">10.20851/winegrapes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2440%2F81592">2440/81592</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-922064-67-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-922064-67-7"><bdi>978-1-922064-67-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Which+Winegrape+Varieties+are+Grown+Where%3F+A+Global+Empirical+Picture&rft.pub=University+of+Adelaide+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2440%2F81592&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.20851%2Fwinegrapes&rft.isbn=978-1-922064-67-7&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Kym&rft.au=Aryal%2C+Nanda+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200122195610/http://www.streetdirectory.com/food_editorials/topics/california%20cabernet%20wine/">"California Cabernet Wine"</a>. <i>Streetdirectory.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.streetdirectory.com/food_editorials/topics/california%20cabernet%20wine/">the original</a> on 22 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Streetdirectory.com&rft.atitle=California+Cabernet+Wine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.streetdirectory.com%2Ffood_editorials%2Ftopics%2Fcalifornia%2520cabernet%2520wine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeretti2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Peretti, Angelo (2002). <i>Vini delle regioni d'Italia</i> [<i>Wines from the Regions of Italy</i>] (in Italian). Novara: Cartografia di Novara. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-509-0204-2" title="Special:BookSources/88-509-0204-2"><bdi>88-509-0204-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vini+delle+regioni+d%27Italia&rft.place=Novara&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Cartografia+di+Novara&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=88-509-0204-2&rft.aulast=Peretti&rft.aufirst=Angelo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KO-wofw-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KO-wofw_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KO-wofw_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Keefe2009" class="citation journal cs1">O'Keefe, Kerin (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013031830/https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.muckrack.com/portfolio/items/112258/WFW_23_OKeefe_Super-Tuscans.pdf">"Rebels without a cause? The demise of Super-Tuscans"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_of_Fine_Wine" title="The World of Fine Wine">The World of Fine Wine</a></i> (23): <span class="nowrap">94–</span>99. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.muckrack.com/portfolio/items/112258/WFW_23_OKeefe_Super-Tuscans.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+of+Fine+Wine&rft.atitle=Rebels+without+a+cause%3F+The+demise+of+Super-Tuscans&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E94-%3C%2Fspan%3E99&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Kerin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Fmedia.muckrack.com%2Fportfolio%2Fitems%2F112258%2FWFW_23_OKeefe_Super-Tuscans.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official Bulletin of the Marche Region. Year XXXIII, no 63, 20 May 2002 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://213.26.167.158/bur/pdf/02/63pa1.zip">pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D14%3Achapter%3D11">Pliny the Elder, The Natural History</a>, on Perseus</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Emlyn Dodd, 'The Archaeology of Wine Production in Roman and pre-Roman Italy'. <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i> 126.3: 443–480. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1086/719697">https://doi.org/10.1086/719697</a>.</li> <li><i>La Sicilia del Vino</i>, di S. Barresi, E. Iachello, E. Magnano di San Lio, A. Gabbrielli, S. Foti, P. Sessa. Fotografia Giò Martorana, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania 2003.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerin_O%27Keefe" title="Kerin O'Keefe">Kerin O'Keefe</a>, <i>Brunello di Montalcino. Understanding and Appreciating One of Italy's Greatest Wines</i>, University of California Press, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520265646" title="Special:BookSources/9780520265646">9780520265646</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerin_O%27Keefe" title="Kerin O'Keefe">Kerin O'Keefe</a>, <i>Barolo and Barbaresco. The King and Queen of Italian Wine</i>, University of California Press, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520273269" title="Special:BookSources/9780520273269">9780520273269</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_wine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicheagricole.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/4625">Italian Wine Appellations</a>, from the Italian Ministry of Agriculture (IT)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogoviti.politicheagricole.it/home.php">National Registry of Grape Varieties</a>, from the Italian Ministry of Agriculture (IT)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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by country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_wine" title="Algerian wine">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_wine" title="Egyptian wine">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wine" title="Ethiopian wine">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_wine" title="Moroccan wine">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_wine" title="Namibian wine">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_wine" title="South African wine">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_wine" title="Tanzanian wine">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_wine" title="Tunisian wine">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_wine" title="Abkhazian wine">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_wine" title="Armenian wine">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_wine" title="Azerbaijani wine">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhutan wine">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wine" title="Indian wine">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_wine" title="Persian wine">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_wine" title="Israeli wine">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_wine" title="Japanese wine">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_wine" title="Jordanian wine">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_wine" title="Kazakh wine">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_wine" title="Lebanese wine">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal wine">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_wine" title="Palestinian wine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_wine" title="Philippine wine">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_wine" title="Syrian wine">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_wine" title="Taiwanese wine">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_wine" title="Thai wine">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_wine" title="Turkish wine">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_wine" title="Vietnamese wine">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_wine" title="Albanian wine">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_wine" title="Austrian wine">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_wine" title="Belgian wine">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_wine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina wine">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_wine" title="Bulgarian wine">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_wine" title="Cypriot wine">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_wine" title="Czech wine">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_wine" title="Danish wine">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine" title="Georgian wine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_wine" title="German wine">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_wine" title="Greek wine">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_wine" title="Hungarian wine">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_wine" title="Irish wine">Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_wine" title="Liechtenstein wine">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg wine">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_wine" title="Maltese wine">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_wine" title="Moldovan wine">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_wine" title="Montenegrin wine">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonian_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Macedonian wine">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_wine" title="Dutch wine">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_wine" title="Polish wine">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_wine" title="Portuguese wine">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wine" title="Russian wine">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_wine" title="Sammarinese wine">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_wine" title="Serbian wine">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_wine" title="Slovak wine">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_wine" title="Slovenian wine">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_wine" title="Swedish wine">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_wine" title="Swiss wine">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wine" title="Ukrainian wine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_wine" title="Canadian wine">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_wine" title="Mexican wine">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_wine" title="American wine">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_wine" title="Australian wine">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_wine" title="Argentine wine">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_wine" title="Bolivian wine">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_wine" title="Brazilian wine">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_wine" title="Chilean wine">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_wine" title="Paraguayan wine">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_wine" title="Peruvian wine">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_wine" title="Uruguayan wine">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wines_and_winemaking95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Wines_and_winemaking95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wine476" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wines" title="Template:Wines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wines" title="Template talk:Wines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wine476" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annual_growth_cycle_of_grapevines" title="Annual growth cycle of grapevines">Annual growth cycle of grapevines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenology" title="Oenology">Oenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitis#Species" title="Vitis">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraison" title="Veraison">Veraison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicians_and_wine" title="Phoenicians and wine">Phoenicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine" title="Ancient Rome and wine">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wine" title="Noah's wine">Noah's wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_wine" title="History of French wine">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_French_Wine_Blight" title="Great French Wine Blight">Great French Wine Blight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine#History" title="Georgian wine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris_(wine)" title="Judgment of Paris (wine)">Judgment of Paris</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">Sparkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9" title="Rosé">Rosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_wine" title="Orange wine">Orange</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">Dessert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">Fortified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_wine" title="Ice wine">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatised_wine" title="Aromatised wine">Aromatized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">Straw</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_wine" title="Natural wine">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_wine" title="Biodynamic wine">Biodynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_wine" title="Organic wine">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top <a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">grape varieties</a><br />by acreage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air%C3%A9n" title="Airén">Airén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligot%C3%A9" title="Aligoté">Aligoté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catarratto" title="Catarratto">Catarratto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetana_blanca" title="Cayetana blanca">Cayetana blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Chenin blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombard" title="Colombard">Colombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glera_(grape)" title="Glera (grape)">Glera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCner_Veltliner" title="Grüner Veltliner">Grüner Veltliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macabeo" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Thurgau" title="Müller-Thurgau">Müller-Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_of_Alexandria" title="Muscat of Alexandria">Muscat of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomino_(grape)" title="Palomino (grape)">Palomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rkatsiteli" title="Rkatsiteli">Rkatsiteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9millon" title="Sémillon">Sémillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welschriesling" title="Welschriesling">Welschriesling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alicante_Bouschet" title="Alicante Bouschet">Alicante Bouschet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobal" title="Bobal">Bobal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carignan" title="Carignan">Carignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinsaut" title="Cinsaut">Cinsaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douce_noir" title="Douce noir">Douce noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">Gamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenache" title="Grenache">Grenache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_(grape)" title="Isabella (grape)">Isabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_(grape)" title="Montepulciano (grape)">Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourv%C3%A8dre" title="Mourvèdre">Mourvèdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempranillo" title="Tempranillo">Tempranillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">Major regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_World_wine" title="Old World wine">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packaging, <a href="/wiki/Wine_accessory" title="Wine accessory">accessories</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Storage_of_wine" title="Storage of wine">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkscrew" title="Corkscrew">Corkscrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decanter" title="Decanter">Decanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_wine" title="Jug wine">Jug wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri">Kvevri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muselet" title="Muselet">Muselet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_tongs" title="Port tongs">Port tongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cave" title="Wine cave">Wine cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cork" title="Wine cork">Wine cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_dispenser" title="Wine dispenser">Wine dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_glass" title="Wine glass">Wine glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_label" title="Wine label">Wine label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_rack" title="Wine rack">Wine rack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_of_wine" title="Aroma of wine">Aroma of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Acids in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine" title="Phenolic content in wine">Phenolic content in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteins_in_wine" title="Proteins in wine">Proteins in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_wine" title="Classification of wine">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenophilia" title="Oenophilia">Oenophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommelier" title="Sommelier">Sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fault" title="Wine fault">Wine fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaker" title="Winemaker">Winemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine personalities">Wine personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting" title="Wine tasting">Wine tasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/17px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_wine" title="Outline of wine">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wine_terms" title="Glossary of wine terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winemaking321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winemaking" title="Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winemaking" title="Template talk:Winemaking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winemaking321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">Harvest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_harvest_wine" title="Late harvest wine">Late harvest wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">Pressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destemming" class="mw-redirect" title="Destemming">Destemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaptalization" title="Chaptalization">Chaptalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine press">Wine press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">Maceration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_maceration" title="Carbonic maceration">Carbonic maceration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking" title="Fermentation in winemaking">Fermentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation" title="Malolactic fermentation">Malolactic fermentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine_production" title="Sparkling wine production">Sparkling wine production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCssreserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Süssreserve">Süssreserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_method" title="Traditional method">Traditional method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen" title="Yeast assimilable nitrogen">Yeast assimilable nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">Aging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_(wine)" title="Oak (wine)">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solera" title="Solera">Solera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other steps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarification_and_stabilization_of_wine" title="Clarification and stabilization of wine">Clarification and stabilization of wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winery" title="Winery">Winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_viticulture_terms" title="Glossary of viticulture terms">Glossary of viticulture terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_winemaking_terms" title="Glossary of winemaking terms">Glossary of winemaking terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press" title="History of the wine press">History of the wine press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/17px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisine_of_Italy318" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy" title="Template:Cuisine of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Cuisine of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisine_of_Italy318" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisines_of_medieval_Europe#Italy" title="Regional cuisines of medieval Europe">Medieval cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine#Italy" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Contemporary cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mantua" title="Cuisine of Mantua">Mantuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pasta and sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pasta" title="List of pasta">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">Carbonara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rag%C3%B9" title="Ragù">Ragù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_rag%C3%B9" title="Neapolitan ragù">Neapolitan ragù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struncatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Struncatura">Struncatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrabbiata_sauce" title="Arrabbiata sauce">Arrabbiata sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatriciana_sauce" title="Amatriciana sauce">Amatriciana sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinara_sauce" title="Marinara sauce">Marinara sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_sauce" title="Genovese sauce">Genovese sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_sauce" title="Bolognese sauce">Bolognese sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checca_sauce" title="Checca sauce">Checca sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo" title="Fettuccine Alfredo">Fettuccine Alfredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_alla_Norma" title="Pasta alla Norma">Pasta alla Norma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_con_i_peperoni_cruschi" title="Pasta con i peperoni cruschi">Pasta con i peperoni cruschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_con_le_sarde" title="Pasta con le sarde">Pasta con le sarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli" title="Pasta e fagioli">Pasta e fagioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_al_pomodoro" title="Pasta al pomodoro">Pasta al pomodoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigatoni_con_la_Pajata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigatoni con la Pajata">Rigatoni con la Pajata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacio_e_pepe" title="Cacio e pepe">Cacio e pepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_aglio_e_olio" title="Spaghetti aglio e olio">Spaghetti aglio e olio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_puttanesca" title="Spaghetti alla puttanesca">Spaghetti alla puttanesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_allo_scarpariello" title="Pasta allo scarpariello">Pasta allo scarpariello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alle_vongole" title="Spaghetti alle vongole">Spaghetti alle vongole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumact_me_tulez" title="Tumact me tulez">Tumact me tulez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_soups" title="List of Italian soups">Soups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soup_alla_Canavese" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup alla Canavese">Soup alla canavese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_alla_modenese" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup alla modenese">Soup alla modenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquacotta" title="Acquacotta">Acquacotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagnun" title="Bagnun">Bagnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minestrone" title="Minestrone">Minestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribollita" title="Ribollita">Ribollita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other dishes (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks" title="List of Italian foods and drinks">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbacchio" title="Abbacchio">Abbacchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda" title="Bagna càuda">Bagna càuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braciola" title="Braciola">Braciola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruschetta" title="Bruschetta">Bruschetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">Bruscitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotoletta" title="Cotoletta">Cotoletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotoletta_alla_milanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotoletta alla milanese">Cotoletta alla milanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crostino" class="mw-redirect" title="Crostino">Crostino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollito_misto" title="Bollito misto">Bollito misto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_lucana" title="Baccalà alla lucana">Baccalà alla lucana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_vicentina" title="Baccalà alla vicentina">Baccalà alla vicentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacciatore" title="Cacciatore">Cacciatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacciucco" title="Cacciucco">Cacciucco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caponata" title="Caponata">Caponata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappon_magro" title="Cappon magro">Cappon magro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprese_salad" title="Caprese salad">Caprese salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carciofi_alla_romana" title="Carciofi alla romana">Carciofi alla romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpaccio" title="Carpaccio">Carpaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carne_pizzaiola" class="mw-redirect" title="Carne pizzaiola">Carne pizzaiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassoeula" title="Cassoeula">Cassoeula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciambotta" title="Ciambotta">Ciambotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciccioli" title="Ciccioli">Ciccioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_alla_vaccinara" title="Coda alla vaccinara">Coda alla vaccinara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bone_steak" title="T-bone steak">Fiorentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue">Fondue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frico" title="Frico">Frico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittata" title="Frittata">Frittata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittola_(meat_dish)" title="Frittola (meat dish)">Frittola (meat dish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittola_(doughnut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frittola (doughnut)">Frittola (doughnut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_stew" class="mw-redirect" title="Istrian stew">Istrian stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampredotto" title="Lampredotto">Lampredotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porchetta" title="Porchetta">Porchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzanella" title="Panzanella">Panzanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmigiana" title="Parmigiana">Parmigiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossobuco" title="Ossobuco">Ossobuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orzotto" title="Orzotto">Orzotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafanata" title="Rafanata">Rafanata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">Risotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollatini" title="Rollatini">Rollatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltimbocca" title="Saltimbocca">Saltimbocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaloppine" title="Scaloppine">Scaloppine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timballo" title="Timballo">Timballo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitello_tonnato" title="Vitello tonnato">Vitello tonnato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pizza and street food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio" title="Pizza al taglio">al taglio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza" title="Neapolitan pizza">Neapolitan pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_pizza" title="Sicilian pizza">Sicilian pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissaladi%C3%A8re" title="Pissaladière">Piscialandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocch%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocchè">Crocchè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">Arancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppl%C3%AC" title="Supplì">Supplì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittula_(meat_dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frittula (meat dish)">Frittula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Panelle">Panelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa" title="Pani câ meusa">Pani câ meusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">Panino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">Piadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Farinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramezzino" title="Tramezzino">Tramezzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zippuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Zippuli">Zippuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardenara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardenara">Sardenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%27_pastizz_%27rtunnar" title="U' pastizz 'rtunnar">U' pastizz 'rtunnar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses and charcuterie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_cheeses" title="List of Italian cheeses">Cheeses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_PDO_cheeses" title="List of Italian PDO cheeses">PDO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastry and desserts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_desserts_and_pastries" title="List of Italian desserts and pastries">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombolone_(doughnut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombolone (doughnut)">Bombolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruttiboni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruttiboni">Bruttiboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccellato" title="Buccellato">Buccellato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budino" title="Budino">Budino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">Cantuccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassata" title="Cassata">Cassata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassatella_di_sant%27Agata" title="Cassatella di sant'Agata">Cassatella di sant'Agata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castagnaccio" title="Castagnaccio">Castagnaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavallucci" title="Cavallucci">Cavallucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colomba_di_Pasqua" class="mw-redirect" title="Colomba di Pasqua">Colomba di Pasqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crostata" title="Crostata">Crostata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocetta_of_Caltanissetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocetta of Caltanissetta">Crocetta of Caltanissetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">Gelato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granita" title="Granita">Granita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grattachecca" title="Grattachecca">Grattachecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustacciuoli" title="Mustacciuoli">Mustacciuoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_ice_cream" title="Neapolitan ice cream">Neapolitan ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neccio" title="Neccio">Neccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutella" title="Nutella">Nutella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoro" title="Pandoro">Pandoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panforte" title="Panforte">Panforte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panna_cotta" title="Panna cotta">Panna cotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panpepato" title="Panpepato">Panpepato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrozzo" title="Parrozzo">Parrozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastiera" title="Pastiera">Pastiera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolata" title="Pignolata">Pignolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricciarelli" title="Ricciarelli">Ricciarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seada" title="Seada">Seada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semifreddo" title="Semifreddo">Semifreddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfogliatelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfogliatelle">Sfogliatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbet" title="Sorbet">Sorbetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">Sponge cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spumoni" title="Spumoni">Spumoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struffoli" title="Struffoli">Struffoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartufo" title="Tartufo">Tartufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiramisu" title="Tiramisu">Tiramisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón">Torrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_caprese" title="Torta caprese">Torta caprese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaione" title="Zabaione">Zabaione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppole" title="Zeppole">Zeppole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotto" title="Zuccotto">Zuccotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuppa_Inglese" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuppa Inglese">Zuppa Inglese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borlengo" title="Borlengo">Borlengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadstick" title="Breadstick">Breadstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciabatta" title="Ciabatta">Ciabatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppia_Ferrarese" class="mw-redirect" title="Coppia Ferrarese">Coppia Ferrarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filone" title="Filone">Filone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michetta" title="Michetta">Michetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pane_carasau" title="Pane carasau">Pane carasau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pane_di_Altamura" title="Pane di Altamura">Pane di Altamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pane_sciocco" title="Pane sciocco">Pane sciocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgabeo" title="Sgabeo">Sgabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taralli" title="Taralli">Taralli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastedda" title="Vastedda">Vastedda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Varieties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_IGT_wines" title="List of Italian IGT wines">IGT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOCG_wines" title="List of Italian DOCG wines">DOCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOC_wines" title="List of Italian DOC wines">DOC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_(wine_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzo (wine region)">Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabrian_wine" title="Calabrian wine">Calabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia_wine" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine">Friulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardia_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardia (wine)">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piemonte_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemonte (wine)">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_wine" title="Tuscan wine">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_wine" title="Venetian wine">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Italy" title="Beer in Italy">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirto_(liqueur)" title="Mirto (liqueur)">Mirto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritz_(cocktail)" title="Spritz (cocktail)">Spritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernet" title="Fernet">Fernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperol" title="Aperol">Aperol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynar" title="Cynar">Cynar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaro_(liqueur)" title="Amaro (liqueur)">Amaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerbe" title="Centerbe">Centerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargnolino" title="Bargnolino">Bargnolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strega_(liqueur)" title="Strega (liqueur)">Strega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosolio" title="Rosolio">Rosolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galliano_(liqueur)" title="Galliano (liqueur)">Galliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchermes" title="Alchermes">Alchermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurum_(liqueur)" title="Aurum (liqueur)">Aurum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coffee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Caffè">Caffè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">Espresso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lungo" title="Lungo">Lungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ristretto" title="Ristretto">Ristretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppio" title="Doppio">Doppio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espressino" title="Espressino">Espressino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">Cappuccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte" title="Latte">Caffelatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte_macchiato" title="Latte macchiato">Latte macchiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_macchiato" title="Caffè macchiato">Caffè macchiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_corretto" title="Caffè corretto">Caffè corretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affogato" title="Affogato">Affogato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocaccino" class="mw-redirect" title="Mocaccino">Mocaccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marocchino" title="Marocchino">Marocchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicerin" title="Bicerin">Bicerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbajada" title="Barbajada">Barbajada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardino" title="Bombardino">Bombardino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grano_arso" title="Grano arso">Grano arso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian-American cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_food_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian food products">Italian food products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausages_in_Italian_cuisine" title="Sausages in Italian cuisine">Sausages in Italian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteria" title="Osteria">Osteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trattoria" title="Trattoria">Trattoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoteca" title="Enoteca">Enoteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagra_(festival)" title="Sagra (festival)">Sagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_chefs" title="List of Italian chefs">List of Italian chefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks" title="List of Italian foods and drinks">List of Italian foods and drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_meal_structure" title="Italian meal structure">Meal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Sounding" title="Italian Sounding">Italian Sounding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Italian regions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Italy" title="Category:Society of Italy">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Italy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy" title="Censorship in Italy">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Italy" title="Crime in Italy">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy" title="Demographics of Italy">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy" title="List of people from Italy">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Italian provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Italy" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Italy" title="Prostitution in Italy">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_public_administration" title="Italian public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Italy" title="Terrorism in Italy">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Italy" title="Water supply and sanitation in Italy">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Italy" title="Women in Italy">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seicento" title="Seicento">Seicento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_culture_(1700s)" title="History of Italian culture (1700s)">Settecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_and_19th-century_art" title="Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art">Ottocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Italy" title="List of castles in Italy">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Italy" title="List of cathedrals in Italy">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Italy" title="Emblem of Italy">Coat of arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_design" title="Italian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Italy" title="List of gardens in Italy">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Italy" title="Internet in Italy">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italophilia" title="Italophilia">Italophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy" title="List of libraries in Italy">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Italy" title="Mass media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy" title="List of museums in Italy">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Italy" title="List of palaces in Italy">Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_philosophy" title="Italian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Italy" title="Sport in Italy">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy" title="Theatre of Italy">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy" title="Traditions of Italy">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Italy" title="Category:Italy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1266661725"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Economy_of_Italy752" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Italy" title="Template:Economy of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Economy of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Economy_of_Italy752" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Italy" title="Category:Companies of Italy">Companies of Italy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economic history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_pre-unitarian_Italy" title="Economic history of pre-unitarian Italy">Economic history of pre-unitarian Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Regions by GDP</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_in_Italy" title="Category:Industry in Italy">Industry and business</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(company)" title="Leonardo (company)">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avio" title="Avio">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_in_Italy" title="Coffee in Italy">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webuild" title="Webuild">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(company)" title="Leonardo (company)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STMicroelectronics" title="STMicroelectronics">Electronics and semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_in_Italy" title="Made in Italy">Made in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Italy" title="Real estate in Italy">Luxury Real Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrara_marble" title="Carrara marble">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_Italy" title="Steel industry in Italy">Steel industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fincantieri" title="Fincantieri">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menarini" title="Menarini">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_industry_in_Italy" title="Biotechnology industry in Italy">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotics_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotics in Italy">Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Italy" title="Beer in Italy">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine of Italy">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Italy">Video gaming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_Italy" title="Category:Research institutes in Italy">Research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CINECA" title="CINECA">CINECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELETTRA" title="ELETTRA">ELETTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENEA_(Italy)" title="ENEA (Italy)">ENEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">Italian Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzelli_Hi-Tech_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Erzelli Hi-Tech Park">Erzelli Hi-Tech Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Italiano_di_Tecnologia" title="Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia">Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia</a> (IIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Italiano_per_l%27Intelligenza_Artificiale" title="Istituto Italiano per l'Intelligenza Artificiale">Istituto Italiano per l'Intelligenza Artificiale</a> (AI4I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Innovation_District" title="Milan Innovation District">Milan Innovation District</a> (MIND)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_Italy" title="Category:Energy in Italy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">Renewable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Italy" title="Wind power in Italy">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Italy" title="Solar power in Italy">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Italy" title="Geothermal power in Italy">Geothermal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_refineries#Italy" title="List of oil refineries">Oil refineries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade and <a href="/wiki/Category:Infrastructure" title="Category:Infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_Italy" title="List of the largest trading partners of Italy">Trading partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxation_in_Italy" title="Category:Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Tax system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Finance_in_Italy" title="Category:Finance in Italy">Finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Banking_in_Italy" title="Category:Banking in Italy">banking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Other banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali" title="Assicurazioni Generali">Insurance</a></li> <li>Stock Exchange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Borsa Italiana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Italy" title="International rankings of Italy">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics">2026 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_Motor_Show" title="Bologna Motor Show">Bologna Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show" title="Turin Auto Show">Turin Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milano_Monza_Open-Air_Motor_Show" title="Milano Monza Open-Air Motor Show">Milano Monza Open-Air Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concorso_d%27Eleganza_Villa_d%27Este" title="Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este">Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EICMA" title="EICMA">EICMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expo_2015" title="Expo 2015">Expo 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroflora" title="Euroflora">Euroflora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieracavalli" title="Fieracavalli">Fieracavalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa_International_Boat_Show" title="Genoa International Boat Show">Genoa International Boat Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenale_di_Venezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenale di Venezia">Venice Boat Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucca_Comics_%26_Games" title="Lucca Comics & Games">Lucca Comics & Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Madre_Salone_del_Gusto" title="Terra Madre Salone del Gusto">Terra Madre Salone del Gusto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Auto Moto d'Epoca Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milano AutoClassica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Furniture_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan Furniture Fair">Milan Furniture Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week" title="Milan Fashion Week">Milan Fashion Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palio_di_Siena" title="Palio di Siena">Palio di Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riviera_International_Film_Festival" title="Riviera International Film Festival">Riviera International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Film_Festival" title="Rome Film Festival">Rome Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinitaly" title="Vinitaly">Vinitaly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Sounding" title="Italian Sounding">Italian Sounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><i><b>See also:</b></i> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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