CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Specials (Unicode block) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7d28258a-5d4b-4d82-b084-3f53becd9287","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Specials_(Unicode_block)","wgTitle":"Specials (Unicode block)","wgCurRevisionId":1259613091,"wgRevisionId":1258760652,"wgArticleId":11664019,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing German-language text","Unicode blocks"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Specials_(Unicode_block)","wgRelevantArticleId":11664019,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2494081","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Specials (Unicode block) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Specials_Unicode_block rootpage-Specials_Unicode_block skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Specials+%28Unicode+block%29&returntoquery=oldid%3D1258760652" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Specials+%28Unicode+block%29&returntoquery=oldid%3D1258760652" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Specials+%28Unicode+block%29&returntoquery=oldid%3D1258760652" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Specials+%28Unicode+block%29&returntoquery=oldid%3D1258760652" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement_character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement_character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Replacement character</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement_character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode_chart" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode_chart"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Unicode chart</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode_chart-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Specials (Unicode block)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF)" title="حروف خاصة (صناديق يونيكود) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حروف خاصة (صناديق يونيكود)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodeblock_Spezielles" title="Unicodeblock Spezielles – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unicodeblock Spezielles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(bloque_Unicode)" title="Specials (bloque Unicode) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Specials (bloque Unicode)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_des_caract%C3%A8res_Unicode/UFFF0" title="Table des caractères Unicode/UFFF0 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Table des caractères Unicode/UFFF0" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9D" title="특수블록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="특수블록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(blok_Unicode)" title="Specials (blok Unicode) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Specials (blok Unicode)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(Unicode)" title="Specials (Unicode) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Specials (Unicode)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(blok_Unicode)" title="Specials (blok Unicode) – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Specials (blok Unicode)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97_(Unicode%E3%81%AE%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF)" title="特殊用途文字 (Unicodeのブロック) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="特殊用途文字 (Unicodeのブロック)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Специальные символы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Специальные символы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)" title="Specials (Unicode block) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Specials (Unicode block)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%88_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9)" title="خصوصی (یونیکوڈ بلاک) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خصوصی (یونیکوڈ بلاک)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A_(Unicode%E5%8D%80%E6%AE%B5)" title="特殊 (Unicode區段) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="特殊 (Unicode區段)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2494081#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Specials_(Unicode_block)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&oldid=1258760652" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&oldid=1258760652" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Specials_(Unicode_block)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Specials_(Unicode_block)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&oldid=1258760652" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Specials_%28Unicode_block%29&id=1258760652&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSpecials_%28Unicode_block%29%26oldid%3D1258760652"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSpecials_%28Unicode_block%29%26oldid%3D1258760652"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Specials+%28Unicode+block%29&returnto=Specials+%28Unicode+block%29&oldid=1258760652&writer=rl" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Unicode_FFF0-FFFF_Specials" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Unicode/Specials" hreflang="en"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2494081" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><p><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">old revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Nail123Real" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Nail123Real" data-mw-revid="1258760652"><bdi>Nail123Real</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Nail123Real" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Nail123Real">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Nail123Real" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Nail123Real">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">13:45, 21 November 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Replacement_character">→<bdi dir="ltr">Replacement character</bdi></a>: </span> fine, i linked an uncommon word)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 13:45, 21 November 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:Nail123Real" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Nail123Real" data-mw-revid="1258760652"><bdi>Nail123Real</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Nail123Real" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Nail123Real">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Nail123Real" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Nail123Real">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Replacement_character">→<bdi dir="ltr">Replacement character</bdi></a>: </span> fine, i linked an uncommon word)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&diff=prev&oldid=1258760652" title="Specials (Unicode block)">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&direction=prev&oldid=1258760652" title="Specials (Unicode block)">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)" title="Specials (Unicode block)">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&diff=cur&oldid=1258760652" title="Specials (Unicode block)">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&direction=next&oldid=1258760652" title="Specials (Unicode block)">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&diff=next&oldid=1258760652" title="Specials (Unicode block)">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unicode block containing some special codepoints and two non-characters</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unicode character block</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#CCE;">Specials</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Range</th><td class="infobox-data">U+FFF0..U+FFFF<br />(16 code points)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plane</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Basic_Multilingual_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Multilingual Plane">BMP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scripts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)#Special_script_property_values" title="Script (Unicode)">Common</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assigned</th><td class="infobox-data">5 code points</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unused</th><td class="infobox-data">9 reserved code points <br />2 non-characters</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Unicode version history</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1.0.0 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(1991)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1 (+1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2.1 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1998)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2 (+1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">3.0 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1999)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">5 (+3)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Unicode documentation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFFF0.pdf">Code chart</a> ∣ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/n_FFF0.html">Web page</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#eee;"><b>Note</b>: <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Specials</b> is a short <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> block of characters allocated at the very end of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Multilingual_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Multilingual Plane">Basic Multilingual Plane</a>, at U+FFF0–FFFF, containing these <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code points</a>: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+FFF9</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR</span>, marks start of <a href="/wiki/Interlinear_gloss" title="Interlinear gloss">annotated text</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFA</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR</span>, marks start of annotating character(s)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFB</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR</span>, marks end of annotation block</li> <li><span id="OBJ"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER</span></span>, placeholder in the text for another unspecified object, for example in a <a href="/wiki/Compound_document" title="Compound document">compound document</a>.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFD</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">�</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">REPLACEMENT CHARACTER</span> used to replace an unknown, unrecognised, or unrepresentable character</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFE</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><noncharacter-FFFE></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"></span> not a character.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFF</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><noncharacter-FFFF></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"></span> not a character.</li></ul> <p><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFE</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><noncharacter-FFFE></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"></span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFF</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><noncharacter-FFFF></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"></span> are <a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters#Non-characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">noncharacters</a>, meaning they are reserved but do not cause ill-formed Unicode text. Versions of the Unicode standard from 3.1.0 to 6.3.0 claimed that these characters should never be interchanged, leading some applications to use them to guess text encoding by interpreting the presence of either as a sign that the text is not Unicode. However, Corrigendum #9 later specified that noncharacters are not illegal and so this method of checking text encoding is incorrect.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of an internal usage of U+FFFE is the <a href="/wiki/CLDR_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="CLDR algorithm">CLDR algorithm</a>; this extended Unicode algorithm maps the noncharacter to a minimal, unique primary weight.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unicode's <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FEFF</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE</span> character can be inserted at the beginning of a Unicode text to signal its <a href="/wiki/Endianness" title="Endianness">endianness</a>: a program reading such a text and encountering 0xFFFE would then know that it should switch the byte order for all the following characters. </p><p>Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was <b>Special</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replacement_character">Replacement character</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Replacement_character.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/180px-Replacement_character.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/270px-Replacement_character.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/360px-Replacement_character.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Replacement character</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>replacement character</b> � (often displayed as a black <a href="/wiki/Rhombus" title="Rhombus">rhombus</a> with a white question mark) is a symbol found in the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard at code point U+FFFD in the <i>Specials</i> table. It is used to indicate problems when a system is unable to render a stream of data to correct symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-Wichary_fallback_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wichary_fallback-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an example, a text file <a href="/wiki/Encoded" class="mw-redirect" title="Encoded">encoded</a> in <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a> containing the German word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">für</i></span> contains the bytes <code>0x66 0xFC 0x72</code>. If this file is opened with a text editor that assumes the input is <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>, the first and third bytes are valid UTF-8 encodings of <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, but the second byte (<code>0xFC</code>) is not valid in UTF-8. The text editor could replace this byte with the replacement character to produce a valid string of Unicode code points for display, so the user sees "f�r". </p><p>A poorly implemented text editor might write out the replacement character when the user saves the file; the data in the file will then become <code>0x66 0xEF 0xBF 0xBD 0x72</code>. If the file is re-opened using ISO 8859-1, it will display "fï¿½r" (this is called <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">mojibake</a>). Since the replacement is the same for all errors it is impossible to recover the original character. A design that is better (but harder to implement) is to preserve the original bytes, including any errors, and only convert to the replacement when <i>displaying</i> the text. This will allow the text editor to save the original byte sequence, while still showing an error indication to the user. </p><p>At one time the replacement character was often used when there was no glyph available in a font for that character, as in <a href="/wiki/Font_substitution" title="Font substitution">font substitution</a>. However, most modern text rendering systems instead use a font's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.notdef" class="mw-redirect" title=".notdef">.notdef</a></span> character, which in most cases is an empty box, or "?" or "X" in a box<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (this browser displays 􏿮), sometimes called a '<a href="/wiki/Noto_fonts#Etymology" title="Noto fonts">tofu</a>'. There is no Unicode code point for this symbol. </p><p>Thus the replacement character is now only seen for encoding errors. Some software programs translate invalid UTF-8 bytes to matching characters in <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a> (since that is the most common source of these errors), so that the replacement character is never seen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode_chart">Unicode chart</h2></div> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Specials</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_UFFF0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_UFFF0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_UFFF0_grey"><a href="#endnote_UFFF0_grey">[2]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_UFFF0_black"><a href="#endnote_UFFF0_black">[3]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFFF0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+FFFx </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+FFF9: INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR" style="font-size:75%"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed black;">IAA</span> </td> <td title="U+FFFA: INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR" style="font-size:75%"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed black;">IAS</span> </td> <td title="U+FFFB: INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR" style="font-size:75%"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed black;">IAT</span> </td> <td title="U+FFFC: OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER"> </td> <td title="U+FFFD: REPLACEMENT CHARACTER">� </td> <td title="Not a character" style="background-color:black;"> </td> <td title="Not a character" style="background-color:black;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_UFFF0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_UFFF0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_UFFF0_grey"><b><a href="#ref_UFFF0_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd> <dd>3.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_UFFF0_black"><b><a href="#ref_UFFF0_black">^</a></b></span> Black areas indicate <a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters#Non-characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">noncharacters</a> (code points that are guaranteed never to be assigned as encoded characters in the Unicode Standard)</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Specials block: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable),.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi:not(.wikitable){background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>*,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi:not(.wikitable)>thead,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.wikitable,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;border-width:0 1px 1px 0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.wikitable td,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.wikitable th,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable td,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable th{border-width:1px 0 0 1px}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header.wikitable,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{border-bottom-width:0.2em;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-left-width:1px}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable>thead>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable>caption+tbody>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable>thead>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable>caption+tbody>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable .sortbottom::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable .sortbottom::before{border-top-width:1px}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable .sortbottom~.sortbottom::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable .sortbottom~.sortbottom::before{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody>tr:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody>tr:not(.static-row-header)::before{border-bottom-width:0!important;border-right-width:0!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .content-table-scrollbar,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .overflowed,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .overflowed .content-table{overflow:visible}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .scroll-right.overflowed .content-table-right{box-shadow:none;border-left:none}}@media screen and (min-width:1120px){body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{top:3.125rem}}@media screen and (min-width:851px){body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{top:3.51em}}@media screen and (max-width:639px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>caption{display:table-caption}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> <table class="wikitable collapsible sticky-header"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode#Versions" title="Unicode">Version</a></th> <th><span class="nowrap">Final code points<sup id="cite_ref-final_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-final-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></th> <th>Count</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">UTC</a> ID</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards" title="International Committee for Information Technology Standards">L2</a> ID</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">WG2</a> ID</th> <th>Document </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">1.0.0</td> <td>U+FFFD</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>(to be determined) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">U+FFFE..FFFF</td> <td rowspan="4">2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>(to be determined) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-088-200108.html">L2/01-295R</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2">Moore, Lisa (2001-11-06), "Motion 88-M2", <i>Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting #88</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Motion+88-M2&rft.btitle=Minutes+from+the+UTC%2FL2+meeting+%2388&rft.date=2001-11-06&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01355-FFFF_in_UTF-8.htm">L2/01-355</a></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2369.htm">N2369 (html</a>,</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2369.doc">doc</a>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Davis_(Unicode)" title="Mark Davis (Unicode)">Davis, Mark</a> (2001-09-26), <i>Request to allow FFFF, FFFE in UTF-8 in the text of ISO/IEC 10646</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Request+to+allow+FFFF%2C+FFFE+in+UTF-8+in+the+text+of+ISO%2FIEC+10646&rft.date=2001-09-26&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02154-n2403-minutes.pdf">L2/02-154</a></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2403.pdf">N2403</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2002-04-22), "9.3 Allowing FFFF and FFFE in UTF-8", <i>Draft minutes of WG 2 meeting 41, Hotel Phoenix, Singapore, 2001-10-15/19</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=9.3+Allowing+FFFF+and+FFFE+in+UTF-8&rft.btitle=Draft+minutes+of+WG+2+meeting+41%2C+Hotel+Phoenix%2C+Singapore%2C+2001-10-15%2F19&rft.date=2002-04-22&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">2.1</td> <td rowspan="8">U+FFFC</td> <td rowspan="8">1</td> <td><span class="nowrap">UTC/1995-056</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Sargent, Murray (1995-12-06), <i>Recommendation to encode a WCH_EMBEDDING character</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recommendation+to+encode+a+WCH_EMBEDDING+character&rft.date=1995-12-06&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1996-UTC/UTC67-Minutes.TXT">UTC/1996-002</a></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan; Hart, Edwin; Greenfield, Steve (1996-03-05), "Embedded Objects", <i>UTC #67 Minutes</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Embedded+Objects&rft.btitle=UTC+%2367+Minutes&rft.date=1996-03-05&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Hart%2C+Edwin&rft.au=Greenfield%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>N1365</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Sargent, Murray (1996-03-18), <i>Proposal Summary – Object Replacement Character</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proposal+Summary+%E2%80%93+Object+Replacement+Character&rft.date=1996-03-18&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1353.doc">N1353</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1996-06-25), "8.14", <i>Draft minutes of WG2 Copenhagen Meeting # 30</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.14&rft.btitle=Draft+minutes+of+WG2+Copenhagen+Meeting+%23+30&rft.date=1996-06-25&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rft.au=Ksar%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/97-288</span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1603.doc">N1603</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1997-10-24), "7.3", <i>Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting # 33, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 20 June – 4 July 1997</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.3&rft.btitle=Unconfirmed+Meeting+Minutes%2C+WG+2+Meeting+%23+33%2C+Heraklion%2C+Crete%2C+Greece%2C+20+June+%E2%80%93+4+July+1997&rft.date=1997-10-24&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98004R.pdf">L2/98-004R</a></span></td> <td>N1681</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Text of ISO 10646 – AMD 18 for PDAM registration and FPDAM ballot</i>, 1997-12-22</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Text+of+ISO+10646+%E2%80%93+AMD+18+for+PDAM+registration+and+FPDAM+ballot&rft.date=1997-12-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98070.pdf">L2/98-070</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold, "Additional comments regarding 2.1", <i>Minutes of the joint UTC and L2 meeting from the meeting in Cupertino, February 25-27, 1998</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Additional+comments+regarding+2.1&rft.btitle=Minutes+of+the+joint+UTC+and+L2+meeting+from+the+meeting+in+Cupertino%2C+February+25-27%2C+1998&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3188.pdf">L2/98-318</a></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1894_02n3188_fpdam%2018.pdf">N1894</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Revised text of 10646-1/FPDAM 18, AMENDMENT 18: Symbols and Others</i>, 1998-10-22</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revised+text+of+10646-1%2FFPDAM+18%2C+AMENDMENT+18%3A+Symbols+and+Others&rft.date=1998-10-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="18">3.0</td> <td rowspan="18">U+FFF9..FFFB</td> <td rowspan="18">3</td> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1997/97255r.pdf">L2/97-255R</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan (1997-12-03), "3.D Proposal for In-Line Notation (ruby)", <i>Approved Minutes – UTC #73 & L2 #170 joint meeting, Palo Alto, CA – August 4-5, 1997</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3.D+Proposal+for+In-Line+Notation+%28ruby%29&rft.btitle=Approved+Minutes+%E2%80%93+UTC+%2373+%26+L2+%23170+joint+meeting%2C+Palo+Alto%2C+CA+%E2%80%93+August+4-5%2C+1997&rft.date=1997-12-03&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98055.pdf">L2/98-055</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Freytag, Asmus (1998-02-22), <i>Support for Implementing Inline and Interlinear Annotations</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Support+for+Implementing+Inline+and+Interlinear+Annotations&rft.date=1998-02-22&rft.aulast=Freytag&rft.aufirst=Asmus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98070.pdf">L2/98-070</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold, "3.C.5. Support for implementing inline and interlinear annotations", <i>Minutes of the joint UTC and L2 meeting from the meeting in Cupertino, February 25-27, 1998</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3.C.5.+Support+for+implementing+inline+and+interlinear+annotations&rft.btitle=Minutes+of+the+joint+UTC+and+L2+meeting+from+the+meeting+in+Cupertino%2C+February+25-27%2C+1998&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-099</span></td> <td>N1727</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Freytag, Asmus (1998-03-18), <i>Support for Implementing Interlinear Annotations as used in East Asian Typography</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Support+for+Implementing+Interlinear+Annotations+as+used+in+East+Asian+Typography&rft.date=1998-03-18&rft.aulast=Freytag&rft.aufirst=Asmus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98158.html">L2/98-158</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-05-26), "Inline and Interlinear Annotations", <i>Draft Minutes – UTC #76 & NCITS Subgroup L2 #173 joint meeting, Tredyffrin, Pennsylvania, April 20-22, 1998</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inline+and+Interlinear+Annotations&rft.btitle=Draft+Minutes+%E2%80%93+UTC+%2376+%26+NCITS+Subgroup+L2+%23173+joint+meeting%2C+Tredyffrin%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+April+20-22%2C+1998&rft.date=1998-05-26&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-286</span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1703w97.doc">N1703</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.14", <i>Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.14&rft.btitle=Unconfirmed+Meeting+Minutes%2C+WG+2+Meeting+%2334%2C+Redmond%2C+WA%2C+USA%3B+1998-03-16--20&rft.date=1998-07-02&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rft.au=Ksar%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-270</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Hiura, Hideki; <a href="/wiki/Tatsuo_Kobayashi" title="Tatsuo Kobayashi">Kobayashi, Tatsuo</a> (1998-07-29), <i>Suggestion to the inline and interlinear annotation proposal</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suggestion+to+the+inline+and+interlinear+annotation+proposal&rft.date=1998-07-29&rft.aulast=Hiura&rft.aufirst=Hideki&rft.au=Kobayashi%2C+Tatsuo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98281r.pdf">L2/98-281R (pdf</a>,</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98281R.htm">html</a>)</td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan (1998-07-31), "In-Line and Interlinear Annotation (III.C.1.c)", <i>Unconfirmed Minutes – UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=In-Line+and+Interlinear+Annotation+%28III.C.1.c%29&rft.btitle=Unconfirmed+Minutes+%E2%80%93+UTC+%2377+%26+NCITS+Subgroup+L2+%23+174+JOINT+MEETING%2C+Redmond%2C+WA+--+July+29-31%2C+1998&rft.date=1998-07-31&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-363</span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1861.pdf">N1861</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Sato, T. K. (1998-09-01), <i>Ruby markers</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruby+markers&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=T.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-372</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.pdf">N1884R2 (pdf</a>,</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.doc">doc</a>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Whistler, Ken; et al. (1998-09-22), <i>Additional Characters for the UCS</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Additional+Characters+for+the+UCS&rft.date=1998-09-22&rft.aulast=Whistler&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-416</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1882.zip">N1882.zip</a></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Support for Implementing Interlinear Annotations</i>, 1998-09-23</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Support+for+Implementing+Interlinear+Annotations&rft.date=1998-09-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3210.pdf">L2/98-329</a></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1920_02n3210_text_pdam_30_addlatin.pdf">N1920</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters</i>, 1998-10-28</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Combined+PDAM+registration+and+consideration+ballot+on+WD+for+ISO%2FIEC+10646-1%2FAmd.+30%2C+AMENDMENT+30%3A+Additional+Latin+and+other+characters&rft.date=1998-10-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98421.htm">L2/98-421R</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Suignard, Michel; Hiura, Hideki (1998-12-04), <i>Notes concerning the PDAM 30 interlinear annotation characters</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+concerning+the+PDAM+30+interlinear+annotation+characters&rft.date=1998-12-04&rft.aulast=Suignard&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Hiura%2C+Hideki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1903.rtf">L2/99-010</a></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.pdf">N1903 (pdf</a>,</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.htm">html</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903w97.doc">doc</a>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "8.2.15", <i>Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.2.15&rft.btitle=Minutes+of+WG+2+meeting+35%2C+London%2C+U.K.%3B+1998-09-21--25&rft.date=1998-12-30&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98419.pdf">L2/98-419 (pdf</a>,</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98419.doc">doc</a>)</td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan (1999-02-05), "Interlinear Annotation Characters", <i>Approved Minutes -- UTC #78 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 175 Joint Meeting, San Jose, CA -- December 1-4, 1998</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Interlinear+Annotation+Characters&rft.btitle=Approved+Minutes+--+UTC+%2378+%26+NCITS+Subgroup+L2+%23+175+Joint+Meeting%2C+San+Jose%2C+CA+--+December+1-4%2C+1998&rft.date=1999-02-05&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999-UTC/u1999-021.txt">UTC/1999-021</a></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Duerst, Martin; <a href="/wiki/Jon_Bosak" title="Jon Bosak">Bosak, Jon</a> (1999-06-08), <i>W3C XML CG statement on annotation characters</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=W3C+XML+CG+statement+on+annotation+characters&rft.date=1999-06-08&rft.aulast=Duerst&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Bosak%2C+Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99176.htm">L2/99-176R</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Moore, Lisa (1999-11-04), "W3C Liaison Statement on Annotation Characters", <i>Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=W3C+Liaison+Statement+on+Annotation+Characters&rft.btitle=Minutes+from+the+joint+UTC%2FL2+meeting+in+Seattle%2C+June+8-10%2C+1999&rft.date=1999-11-04&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01301-deprecation.txt">L2/01-301</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Whistler, Ken (2001-08-01), "E. Indicated as "strongly discouraged" for plain text interchange", <i>Analysis of Character Deprecation in the Unicode Standard</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=E.+Indicated+as+%22strongly+discouraged%22+for+plain+text+interchange&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+Character+Deprecation+in+the+Unicode+Standard&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.aulast=Whistler&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-final-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-final_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control characters</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/ucd/">"Unicode character database"</a>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.atitle=Unicode+character+database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fucd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/enumeratedversions.html">"Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard"</a>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.atitle=Enumerated+Versions+of+The+Unicode+Standard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2Fenumeratedversions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum9.html">"Corrigendum #9: Clarification About Noncharacters"</a>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610160203/http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum9.html">Archived</a> from the original on Jun 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.atitle=Corrigendum+%239%3A+Clarification+About+Noncharacters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2Fcorrigendum9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-collation.html#Algorithm_FFFE">"Unicode Technical Standard #35"</a>. <i>Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+Locale+Data+Markup+Language+%28LDML%29&rft.atitle=Unicode+Technical+Standard+%2335&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Freports%2Ftr35%2Ftr35-collation.html%23Algorithm_FFFE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/CodeCharts2.pdf">"3.8: Block-by-Block Charts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i>. Version 1.0. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211080017/https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/CodeCharts2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.atitle=3.8%3A+Block-by-Block+Charts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode1.0.0%2FCodeCharts2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wichary_fallback-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wichary_fallback_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWichary2020" class="citation web cs1">Wichary, Marcin (September 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.figma.com/blog/when-fonts-fall/">"When fonts fall"</a>. Figma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613175106/https://www.figma.com/blog/when-fonts-fall/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+fonts+fall&rft.pub=Figma&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft.aulast=Wichary&rft.aufirst=Marcin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.figma.com%2Fblog%2Fwhen-fonts-fall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/otspec170/recom#shape-of-notdef-glyph">"Recommendations for OpenType Fonts (OpenType 1.7) - Typography"</a>. <i>Microsoft Learn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019135242/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/otspec170/recom#shape-of-notdef-glyph">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Recommendations+for+OpenType+Fonts+%28OpenType+1.7%29+-+Typography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Ftypography%2Fopentype%2Fotspec170%2Frecom%23shape-of-notdef-glyph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unicode" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unicode_navigation" title="Template:Unicode navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unicode_navigation" title="Template talk:Unicode navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unicode_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unicode navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unicode" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unicode</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646 (Universal Character Set)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode#Versions" title="Unicode">Versions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">Code points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_block" title="Unicode block">Block</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_blocks" title="Category:Unicode blocks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">Universal Character Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_charts" title="Category:Unicode charts">Character charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property" title="Unicode character property">Character property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)" title="Plane (Unicode)">Plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Areas" title="Private Use Areas">Private Use Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters#Special-purpose_characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">Special purpose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byte_order_mark" title="Byte order mark">BOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_grapheme_joiner" title="Combining grapheme joiner">Combining grapheme joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-to-right_mark" title="Left-to-right mark">Left-to-right mark</a> / <a href="/wiki/Right-to-left_mark" title="Right-to-left mark">Right-to-left mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_hyphen" title="Soft hyphen">Soft hyphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variant form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_joiner" title="Word joiner">Word joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_joiner" title="Zero-width joiner">Zero-width joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_non-joiner" title="Zero-width non-joiner">Zero-width non-joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_space" title="Zero-width space">Zero-width space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters" title="List of Unicode characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicode" title="Duplicate characters in Unicode">Duplicate characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerals_in_Unicode" title="Numerals in Unicode">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)" title="Script (Unicode)">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)#Spaces_in_Unicode" title="Space (punctuation)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_symbol" title="Unicode symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">Halfwidth and fullwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_alias_names_and_abbreviations" title="Unicode alias names and abbreviations">Alias names and abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character#Unicode" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Algorithms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidirectional_text" title="Bidirectional text">Bidirectional text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_collation_algorithm" title="Unicode collation algorithm">Collation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">ISO/IEC 14651</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_equivalence" title="Unicode equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variation sequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ideographs_Core" title="International Ideographs Core">International Ideographs Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of encodings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punycode" title="Punycode">Punycode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16/UCS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32/UCS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On pairs of<br />code points</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_compatibility_characters" title="Unicode compatibility characters">Compatibility characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicode" title="Duplicate characters in Unicode">Duplicate characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_equivalence" title="Unicode equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoglyph" title="Homoglyph">Homoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">Precomposed character</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-variant" title="Z-variant">Z-variant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variation sequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_indicator_symbol" title="Regional indicator symbol">Regional indicator symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji#Skin_color" title="Emoji">Emoji skin color</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name" title="Internationalized domain name">Domain names (IDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_email" title="Unicode and email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_font" title="Unicode font">Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML" title="Unicode and HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">entity references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">numeric references</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_input" title="Unicode input">Input</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ideographs_Core" title="International Ideographs Core">International Ideographs Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Locale_Data_Repository" title="Common Locale Data Repository">Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_anomaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode anomaly">Anomalies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConScript_Unicode_Registry" title="ConScript Unicode Registry">ConScript Unicode Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideographic_Research_Group" title="Ideographic Research Group">Ideographic Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_involved_with_Unicode" title="Category:People involved with Unicode">People involved with Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Scripts_and_symbols_in_Unicode" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)" title="Script (Unicode)">Scripts</a> and symbols in Unicode</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)#Common_and_inherited_scripts" title="Script (Unicode)">Common and <br />inherited scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuation#Punctuation_marks_in_Unicode" title="Punctuation">Punctuation marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)#Spaces_in_Unicode" title="Space (punctuation)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerals_in_Unicode" title="Numerals in Unicode">Numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs (Han)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script_in_Unicode" title="Cyrillic script in Unicode">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_script_in_Unicode" title="Greek script in Unicode">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_Khema" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurung Khema">Gurung Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunuoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Rai" title="Kirat Rai">Kirat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Lisu (Fraser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing#Munshi_Mangal_Singh_Masaram_Script" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Mende Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao (Pollard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Alphabet" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Mundari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nag Mundari">Nag Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong" title="Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong">Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_alphabet" title="Osmanya alphabet">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit (Newa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_language#Writing_system" title="Tai Dam language">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toto_language#Writing_system" title="Toto language">Toto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_script" title="Wancho script">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient and<br />historic scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_alphabet" title="Bassa Vah alphabet">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brāhmī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_script" title="Coptic script">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan" title="Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Imperial Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts#Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi scripts">Inscriptional Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language#Written_Parthian" title="Parthian language">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudawadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_language" title="Khwarezmian language">Khwarezmian</a> (Chorasmian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language#Writing_systems" title="Makassarese language">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meetei Mayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Old Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur">Old Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts#Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi scripts">Psalter Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rune" title="Rune">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Tagalog (Baybayin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_alphabet" title="Todhri alphabet">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tulu Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_alphabet" title="Vithkuqi alphabet">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yezidi_(script)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yezidi (script)">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notational scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols, emojis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_and_political_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Religious and political symbols in Unicode">Cultural, political, and religious symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Pictures" title="Control Pictures">Control Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_operators_and_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode">Mathematical operators and symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols" title="Glossary of mathematical symbols">Glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">Phonetic symbols (including IPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode" title="Category:Unicode">Category: Unicode</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_blocks" title="Category:Unicode blocks">Category: Unicode blocks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&oldid=1258760652">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&oldid=1258760652</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_blocks" title="Category:Unicode blocks">Unicode blocks</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 13:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>.</span></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&oldid=1258760652&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-2hw8v","wgBackendResponseTime":1188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.808","walltime":"0.978","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6760,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":139719,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7914,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":109223,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 860.042 1 -total"," 23.79% 204.629 29 Template:Citation"," 13.87% 119.322 2 Template:Short_description"," 12.97% 111.554 4 Template:Navbox"," 12.90% 110.957 1 Template:Lang"," 12.58% 108.212 2 Template:Infobox"," 11.74% 100.961 1 Template:Unicode_navigation"," 11.60% 99.745 10 Template:Unichar"," 10.48% 90.090 10 Template:Unichar/main"," 9.64% 82.921 1 Template:Infobox_Unicode_block"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.451","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21335913,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-2hw8v","timestamp":"20241127060723","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Specials (Unicode block)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Specials_(Unicode_block)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2494081","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2494081","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-06-08T13:18:33Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T13:45:50Z","headline":"Unicode block (U+FFF0-FFFF) containing a few interlinear annotation controls and replacement characters, as well as two special code points permanently reserved as non-characters at end of their code plane"}</script> </body> </html>