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Selig Polyscope Company - Wikipedia
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<li id="toc-Edendale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edendale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Edendale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edendale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_"cliffhanger"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"cliffhanger""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The "cliffhanger"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"cliffhanger"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hearst-Selig_News_Pictorial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hearst-Selig_News_Pictorial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Hearst-Selig News Pictorial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hearst-Selig_News_Pictorial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-V-L-S-E,_Incorporated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#V-L-S-E,_Incorporated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>V-L-S-E, Incorporated</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-V-L-S-E,_Incorporated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selig_Zoo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selig_Zoo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Selig Zoo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selig_Zoo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academy_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academy_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Academy library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academy_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lost_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lost_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lost films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lost_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partial_filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partial_filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Partial filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partial_filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Selig Polyscope Company</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Selig-Polyscope_logos_or_photos_in_1910s_film_industry_trade_magazines_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Selig-Polyscope_logos_or_photos_in_1910s_film_industry_trade_magazines_04.jpg/220px-Selig-Polyscope_logos_or_photos_in_1910s_film_industry_trade_magazines_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Selig-Polyscope_logos_or_photos_in_1910s_film_industry_trade_magazines_04.jpg/330px-Selig-Polyscope_logos_or_photos_in_1910s_film_industry_trade_magazines_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Selig-Polyscope_logos_or_photos_in_1910s_film_industry_trade_magazines_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="437" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Entertainment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1896</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1918</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Motion pictures</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Selig</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Selig Polyscope Company</b> was an American <a href="/wiki/Motion_picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion picture">motion picture</a> company that was founded in 1896 by <a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Selig</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company produced hundreds of early, widely distributed commercial moving pictures, including the first films starring <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mix" title="Tom Mix">Tom Mix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colleen_Moore" title="Colleen Moore">Colleen Moore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_%22Fatty%22_Arbuckle" class="mw-redirect" title="Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle">Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle</a>. Selig Polyscope also established <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>'s first permanent movie studio, in the historic <a href="/wiki/Edendale,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Edendale, Los Angeles, California">Edendale district</a> of Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ending film production in 1918, the business, which had become known for its film production animals, became an animal and prop supplier to other studios and a <a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">zoo</a> and amusement park attraction in <a href="/wiki/East_Los_Angeles_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Los Angeles (region)">East Los Angeles</a>. The amusement park and zoo went into decline during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1947, William Selig and several other early movie producers and directors shared a special <a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a> to acknowledge their role in building the film industry.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairylogue-Color-Process-Still.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Fairylogue-Color-Process-Still.jpg/220px-Fairylogue-Color-Process-Still.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Fairylogue-Color-Process-Still.jpg/330px-Fairylogue-Color-Process-Still.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Fairylogue-Color-Process-Still.jpg/440px-Fairylogue-Color-Process-Still.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="964" /></a><figcaption>Surviving hand-tinted still from <i>The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays</i> (1908), based on L. Frank Baum's Oz books</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_view_of_Selig_Polyscope_Company,_studio_and_backlot,_1911.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/General_view_of_Selig_Polyscope_Company%2C_studio_and_backlot%2C_1911.jpeg/220px-General_view_of_Selig_Polyscope_Company%2C_studio_and_backlot%2C_1911.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/General_view_of_Selig_Polyscope_Company%2C_studio_and_backlot%2C_1911.jpeg/330px-General_view_of_Selig_Polyscope_Company%2C_studio_and_backlot%2C_1911.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/General_view_of_Selig_Polyscope_Company%2C_studio_and_backlot%2C_1911.jpeg/440px-General_view_of_Selig_Polyscope_Company%2C_studio_and_backlot%2C_1911.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption>Selig studio facilities and extensive backlot in Chicago, 1911</figcaption></figure> <p>William Selig initially worked as a <a href="/wiki/Magic_(illusion)" title="Magic (illusion)">magician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">minstrel show</a> operator on the west coast in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on, while living in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, he entered the film business using his own photographic equipment, free from the <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> restrictions that were imposed through companies controlled by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>. In 1896, with help from Union Metal Works and Andrew Schustek, he shot his first film, <i>Tramp and the Dog</i>. </p><p>He then went on to successfully produce local actualities, <a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">slapstick</a> comedies, early <a href="/wiki/Travelogue_(films)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelogue (films)">travelogues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sponsored_film" title="Sponsored film">industrial films</a> (a major client was <a href="/wiki/Armour_and_Company" title="Armour and Company">Armour and Company</a>). In 1908, Selig Polyscope was involved in the production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairylogue_and_Radio-Plays" title="The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays">The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays</a></i>, a touring "multimedia" attempt to bring <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Oz_books" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oz books">Oz books</a> to a wider public (which played to full houses but was nonetheless a financial disaster for Baum). </p><p>By 1909, Selig had studios making short features in Chicago and the <a href="/wiki/Edendale,_Los_Angeles" title="Edendale, Los Angeles">Edendale district of Los Angeles</a>. The company also distributed stock film footage and titles from other studios. That year, <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Arbuckle" title="Roscoe Arbuckle">Roscoe Arbuckle</a>'s first movie was a Selig comedy short. </p><p>The company's early existence was fraught with legal turmoil over disputes with lawyers representing <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>'s interests. In 1909, Selig and several other studio heads settled with Edison by creating an alliance with the inventor. Effectively a <a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">cartel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Patents_Company" title="Motion Picture Patents Company">Motion Picture Patents Company</a> dominated the industry for a few years until the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> (in 1913 and 1915) ruled the firm was an illegal <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a>. </p><p>In 1910, Selig Polyscope produced a wholly new filmed version of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_(1910_film)" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i>. The company produced the first commercial two-reel film, <i><a href="/wiki/Damon_and_Pythias" title="Damon and Pythias">Damon and Pythias</a></i>, successfully distributed its pictures in Great Britain, and maintained an office in London for several years before the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Although Selig Polyscope produced a wide variety of moving pictures, the company was most widely known for its wild animal shorts, historical subjects and early <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">westerns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1916, Selig Polyscope was hired by the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Library_and_Historical_Bureau" title="Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau">Indiana Historical Commission</a> to research, plan and film "the centennial historical picture of Indiana." Estimated to be a seven-reel production that would require the use of seven thousand feet of film, two reels were to be devoted to a prologue that detailed the state's early history, with the remainder of the reels to address the period of 1816 to 1916. Company location scouts reportedly searched for three hundred sites for actors and actresses to "re-enact the [historical] scenes on the identical grounds where they occurred." Gillson Willetts wrote the screenplay.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edendale">Edendale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Edendale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Edendale,_Los_Angeles" title="Edendale, Los Angeles">Edendale, Los Angeles</a></div> <p>Attracted by Southern California's mild, dry climate, varied geography for location shooting and isolation from Edison's legal representatives on the east coast, Selig set up his studio in <a href="/wiki/Edendale,_Los_Angeles" title="Edendale, Los Angeles">Edendale</a> in 1909 with director <a href="/wiki/Francis_Boggs" title="Francis Boggs">Francis Boggs</a>, who began the facility in a rented <a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">bungalow</a> and quickly expanded, designing the studio's front entrance after <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Gabriel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission San Gabriel">Mission San Gabriel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg/220px-Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg/330px-Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg/440px-Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Street view of Selig's studio in Edendale, c. 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1910 and 1913, when it released the film to audiences nationwide, Selig Polyscope filmed <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coming_of_Columbus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Coming of Columbus (page does not exist)">The Coming of Columbus</a></i>. Described as "the sensation of the moving picture world" and "the most expensive, the most elaborate and most wonderful graphic moving picture film ever made," the three-reel movie portrayed "the vital events in the life and discoveries of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>" that were "with historic exactness." The film took three years to develop at a cost of more than $50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early production there was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Count_of_Monte_Cristo" title="The Count of Monte Cristo">The Count of Monte Cristo</a></i>. Edendale soon became Selig Polyscope's headquarters, but in 1911 Boggs was murdered by a Japanese gardener who also wounded Selig. The company produced hundreds of short features at Edendale, including many early westerns featuring <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mix" title="Tom Mix">Tom Mix</a> (which were also shot at <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas, New Mexico</a>). </p><p>Selig Polyscope also made dozens of highly successful short movies involving wild animals in exotic settings, including a popular re-creation of an African <a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">safari</a> hunt by <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Teddy Roosevelt">Teddy Roosevelt</a>. In 1914, Selig made fourteen short experimental "<a href="/wiki/Talking_pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Talking pictures">talking pictures</a>" with Scottish actor <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lauder" title="Harry Lauder">Harry Lauder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"cliffhanger""><span id="The_.22cliffhanger.22"></span>The "cliffhanger"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The "cliffhanger""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1913, through a collaborative partnership with the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>, Selig produced <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Kathlyn" title="The Adventures of Kathlyn">The Adventures of Kathlyn</a></i>, introducing a dramatic <a href="/wiki/Serial_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial (film)">serial</a> plot device which came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Cliffhanger" title="Cliffhanger">cliffhanger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each chapter's story was simultaneously published in the newspaper. A combination of wild animals, clever dramatic action and <a href="/wiki/Kathlyn_Williams" title="Kathlyn Williams">Kathlyn Williams</a>' screen presence resulted in significant success. The <i>Tribune</i>’s circulation reportedly increased by ten percent and a dance and a cocktail were named after Williams, whose likeness was reportedly sold on more than 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Postcard" title="Postcard">postcards</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hearst-Selig_News_Pictorial">Hearst-Selig News Pictorial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hearst-Selig News Pictorial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hearst-Selig News Pictorial was established in 1914 by the Selig Polyscope Company and the <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearst Corporation">Hearst Corporation</a>. Hearst-Selig News Pictorial, No. 104 was released in U.S. theaters by the <a href="/wiki/General_Film_Company" title="General Film Company">General Film Company</a> on December 30, 1915. After this release, the partnership between Hearst and Selig broke up. Selig continued to produce newsreels in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> while Hearst made use of Vitagraph to produce the <a href="/wiki/Hearst-Vitagraph_News_Pictorial" title="Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial">Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial</a> series.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="V-L-S-E,_Incorporated"><span id="V-L-S-E.2C_Incorporated"></span>V-L-S-E, Incorporated</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: V-L-S-E, Incorporated"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1915, Selig entered into an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Vitagraph_Studios" title="Vitagraph Studios">Vitagraph Studios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubin_Manufacturing_Company" title="Lubin Manufacturing Company">Lubin Manufacturing Company</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Essanay_Studios" title="Essanay Studios">Essanay Studios</a> to form a film distribution partnership known as <a href="/wiki/Vitagraph_Studios#V-L-S-E,_Incorporated" title="Vitagraph Studios">V-L-S-E, Incorporated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selig_Zoo">Selig Zoo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Selig Zoo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Selig_Zoo" title="Selig Zoo">Selig Zoo</a></div> <p>Selig created a zoo in east Los Angeles to serve as a home for the company's performing animals. The Selig Zoo was founded in about 1913 and persisted for several decades under a variety of names.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academy_library">Academy library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Academy library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1940s, Selig made a large donation of business records to the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> Library. The William Selig papers, together with the donation, include Selig's correspondence, scripts, scrapbooks, production files and six feet of photographs that include <a href="/wiki/Film_still" title="Film still">production stills</a> from over 500 films that are otherwise lost (only about 225 of the over 3,500 films released by Selig between 1896 and 1938 have survived into the present day). This collection still requires further study.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lost_films">Lost films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lost films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selig-Polyscope_1914_Motography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Selig-Polyscope_1914_Motography.jpg/220px-Selig-Polyscope_1914_Motography.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Selig-Polyscope_1914_Motography.jpg/330px-Selig-Polyscope_1914_Motography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Selig-Polyscope_1914_Motography.jpg/440px-Selig-Polyscope_1914_Motography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="3974" /></a><figcaption>1914 Selig-Polyscope trade ad in <i><a href="/wiki/Motography" title="Motography">Motography</a></i></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Selig_Polyscope_Company" title="Special:EditPage/Selig Polyscope Company">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The potential of movies as long term sources of revenue was unknown to early movie industry executives. Films were made quickly, sent into distribution channels and mostly forgotten soon after their first runs. Surviving prints were typically stored haphazardly, if at all. <a href="/wiki/Nitrate_film_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrate film stock">Nitrate film stock</a>, in common use until the mid-20th Century, is chemically volatile and many prints were lost in fires or decomposed in storage. Some were recycled for their <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> content or simply thrown away to save space. Out of Selig Polyscope's hundreds of films, only a few copies and scattered photographic elements are known to survive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partial_filmography">Partial filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Partial filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Release_flier_for_LOST_IN_THE_ARCTIC,_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Release_flier_for_LOST_IN_THE_ARCTIC%2C_1911.jpg/170px-Release_flier_for_LOST_IN_THE_ARCTIC%2C_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Release_flier_for_LOST_IN_THE_ARCTIC%2C_1911.jpg/255px-Release_flier_for_LOST_IN_THE_ARCTIC%2C_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Release_flier_for_LOST_IN_THE_ARCTIC%2C_1911.jpg/340px-Release_flier_for_LOST_IN_THE_ARCTIC%2C_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Flier for <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_the_Arctic" title="Lost in the Arctic">Lost in the Arctic</a></i>, 1911</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Release_flier_for_THE_DEVIL_AND_TOM_WALKER,_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Release_flier_for_THE_DEVIL_AND_TOM_WALKER%2C_1913.jpg/170px-Release_flier_for_THE_DEVIL_AND_TOM_WALKER%2C_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Release_flier_for_THE_DEVIL_AND_TOM_WALKER%2C_1913.jpg/255px-Release_flier_for_THE_DEVIL_AND_TOM_WALKER%2C_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Release_flier_for_THE_DEVIL_AND_TOM_WALKER%2C_1913.jpg/340px-Release_flier_for_THE_DEVIL_AND_TOM_WALKER%2C_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="3998" /></a><figcaption>Flier for <i>The Devil and Tom Walker</i>, 1913</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selig_Wamba_Child_of_The_Jungle_movie_poster_(1913).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Selig_Wamba_Child_of_The_Jungle_movie_poster_%281913%29.jpg/170px-Selig_Wamba_Child_of_The_Jungle_movie_poster_%281913%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Selig_Wamba_Child_of_The_Jungle_movie_poster_%281913%29.jpg/255px-Selig_Wamba_Child_of_The_Jungle_movie_poster_%281913%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Selig_Wamba_Child_of_The_Jungle_movie_poster_%281913%29.jpg/340px-Selig_Wamba_Child_of_The_Jungle_movie_poster_%281913%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Poster for <i>Wamba Child of The Jungle</i>, 1913. Exotic animals were a staple of Selig Productions</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tramp_and_the_Dog" title="The Tramp and the Dog">The Tramp and the Dog</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soldiers_at_Play&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soldiers at Play (page does not exist)">Soldiers at Play</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Something_Good_%E2%80%93_Negro_Kiss" title="Something Good – Negro Kiss">Something Good – Negro Kiss</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_Police_Parade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chicago Police Parade (page does not exist)">Chicago Police Parade</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_Parade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewey Parade (page does not exist)">Dewey Parade</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gans-McGovern_Fight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gans-McGovern Fight (page does not exist)">Gans-McGovern Fight</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fun_at_the_Glenwood_Springs_Pool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fun at the Glenwood Springs Pool (page does not exist)">Fun at the Glenwood Springs Pool</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Hot_Time_on_a_Bathing_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Hot Time on a Bathing Beach (page does not exist)">A Hot Time on a Bathing Beach</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Business_Rivalry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Business Rivalry (page does not exist)">Business Rivalry</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_Fire_Run&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chicago Fire Run (page does not exist)">Chicago Fire Run</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_Firecats_on_Parade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chicago Firecats on Parade (page does not exist)">Chicago Firecats on Parade</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Girl_in_Blue_(1903_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Girl in Blue (1903 film) (page does not exist)">The Girl in Blue</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trip_Around_The_Union_Loop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trip Around The Union Loop (page does not exist)">Trip Around The Union Loop</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=View_of_State_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="View of State Street (page does not exist)">View of State Street</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tracked_by_Bloodhounds;_or,_A_Lynching_at_Cripple_Creek" title="Tracked by Bloodhounds; or, A Lynching at Cripple Creek">Tracked by Bloodhounds; or, A Lynching at Cripple Creek</a></i> (1904) (survives)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpty_Dumptry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humpty Dumptry (page does not exist)">Humpty Dumptry</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tramp_Dog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Tramp Dog (page does not exist)">The Tramp Dog</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hold-Up_of_the_Leadville_Stage" title="The Hold-Up of the Leadville Stage">The Hold-Up of the Leadville Stage</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Grafter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Grafter (page does not exist)">The Grafter</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Count_of_Monte_Cristo_(1908_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Count of Monte Cristo (1908 film) (page does not exist)">The Count of Monte Cristo</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damon_and_Pythias_(1908_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damon and Pythias (1908 film) (page does not exist)">Damon and Pythias</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairylogue_and_Radio-Plays" title="The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays">The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Briton_and_Boer" title="Briton and Boer">Briton and Boer</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunting_Big_Game_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunting Big Game in Africa (page does not exist)">Hunting Big Game in Africa</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz_(1910_film)" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1910) (survives)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sergeant_(1910_film)" title="The Sergeant (1910 film)">The Sergeant</a></i> (1910) (survives)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_of_the_Eskimo" title="The Way of the Eskimo">The Way of the Eskimo</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_the_Arctic" title="Lost in the Arctic">Lost in the Arctic</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_on_the_Border&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Life on the Border (page does not exist)">Life on the Border</a></i> (1911) (partial section survives)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coming_of_Columbus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Coming of Columbus (page does not exist)">The Coming of Columbus</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brotherhood_of_Man_(1912_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brotherhood of Man (1912 film) (page does not exist)">Brotherhood of Man</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kings_of_the_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kings of the Forest (page does not exist)">Kings of the Forest</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_Time_Romance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War Time Romance (page does not exist)">War Time Romance</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Kathlyn" title="The Adventures of Kathlyn">The Adventures of Kathlyn</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia,_the_Equine_Detective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabia, the Equine Detective (page does not exist)">Arabia, the Equine Detective</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_Tom_Walker" title="The Devil and Tom Walker">The Devil and Tom Walker</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sheriff_of_Yavapai_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sheriff of Yavapai County (page does not exist)">The Sheriff of Yavapai County</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wamba_A_Child_of_the_Jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Wamba A Child of the Jungle">Wamba A Child of the Jungle</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spoilers_(1914_film)" title="The Spoilers (1914 film)">The Spoilers</a></i> (1914) (survives)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Black_Sheep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Black Sheep (page does not exist)">A Black Sheep</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_a_Thousand_Candles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of a Thousand Candles (page does not exist)">House of a Thousand Candles</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_Texas_(1915_film)" title="The Man from Texas (1915 film)">The Man from Texas</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crisis_(1916_film)" title="The Crisis (1916 film)">The Crisis</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Allah_(1916_film)" title="The Garden of Allah (1916 film)">The Garden of Allah</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_City_of_Purple_Dreams_(1918_film)" title="The City of Purple Dreams (1918 film)">The City of Purple Dreams</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Orphant_Annie_(1918_film)" title="Little Orphant Annie (1918 film)">Little Orphant Annie</a></i> (1918)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_City_Zoo" title="Universal City Zoo">Universal City Zoo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/243627886/?terms=%22Selig%20Polyscope%20Company%22&match=1">Editorial Association in the Limelight: Newspapermen of Sioux Falls Feature Film Taken at Famous Selig Works, Chicago</a>." Sioux Falls, South Dakota: <i>The Daily Argus-Leader</i>, August 17, 1912, p. 6 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/42317736/?terms=%22Selig%20Polyscope%20Company%22&match=1">Frontier Sports Full of Thrills Clever Exhibitions by Horsemen in Varied Feats Keep Crowd of Five Thousand Excited</a>" and "Prescott a Fine Place for Film Making." Prescott, Arizona: <i>Weekly Journal-Miner</i>, July 9, 1913, p. 2 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lincolnheightsla.com/selig/">"Lincolnheightsla.com"</a>. <i>lincolnheightsla.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lincolnheightsla.com&rft.atitle=Lincolnheightsla.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincolnheightsla.com%2Fselig%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelig+Polyscope+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1948/memorable-moments">"The 20th Academy Awards Memorable Moments"</a>. <i>Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</i>. 27 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oscars.org+%7C+Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+20th+Academy+Awards+Memorable+Moments&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1948%2Fmemorable-moments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelig+Polyscope+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2005" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Robert Murray (2005). "Shooting Cowboys and Indians: Silent Western Films, American Culture, and the Birth of Hollywood by Andrew Brodie Smith (review)". <i>Western American Literature</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 465–466. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fwal.2005.0061">10.1353/wal.2005.0061</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165425332">165425332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+American+Literature&rft.atitle=Shooting+Cowboys+and+Indians%3A+Silent+Western+Films%2C+American+Culture%2C+and+the+Birth+of+Hollywood+by+Andrew+Brodie+Smith+%28review%29&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=465-466&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fwal.2005.0061&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165425332%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Robert+Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelig+Polyscope+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/304647576/?terms=%22Selig%20Polyscope%22%20and%20%22wild%20animals&match=1">Gary Scene of Realism Galore Today</a>." Munster, Indiana: <i>The Times</i>, June 14, 1910, p. 5 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/76686835/?terms=%22Selig%20Polyscope%22%20and%20westerns&match=1">Latest Selig Western</a>." Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania: <i>Mount Carmel Item</i>, March 10, 1910, p. 4 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/140318788/?terms=%22Selig%20Polyscope%20Company%22&match=1">Historical Films Approved and Work Has Begun</a>." Brook, Indiana: <i>The Brook Reporter</i>, March 31, 1916, p. 7 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/956549542/?terms=Selig%20and%20Boggs%20and%20Edendale&match=1">How the Picture Films Are Made</a>." Red Lodge, Montana: <i>The Republican Picket</i>, December 15, 1910, p. 6 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/404073993/?terms=%22Selig%20Polyscope%20Company%22&match=1">Coming of Columbus in Motion Pictures</a>." Montpelier, Vermont: <i>Montpelier Morning Journal</i>, February 3, 1913, p. 8 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/indexes/earlySoundFilms.html">"Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List"</a>. <i>www.silentera.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.silentera.com&rft.atitle=Silent+Era+%3A+Progressive+Silent+Film+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silentera.com%2FPSFL%2Findexes%2FearlySoundFilms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelig+Polyscope+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lupack, Barbara Tepa. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://normanstudios.org/nsdrc/project/a-the-adventures-of-kathlyn/">A...is for The Adventures of Kathlyn</a>." Jacksonville, Florida: Norman Studios, retrieved online July 3, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/Name?tt4615978">"Hearst-Selig News Pictorial, No. 104 (1915)"</a>. <i>IMDb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Hearst-Selig+News+Pictorial%2C+No.+104+%281915%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2FName%3Ftt4615978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelig+Polyscope+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/355131061/?terms=%22Selig%20Polyscope%20Company%22&match=1">Somewhere</a>" (advertisement announcing Selig Polyscope's collaboration with <i>The Chicago Tribune</i>). Chicago, Illinois: <i>The Chicago Tribune</i>, December 26, 1915, p. 50 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagenknecht2014" class="citation book cs1">Wagenknecht, Edward (13 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qyOhBAAAQBAJ&q=V-L-S-E&pg=PA55"><i>The Movies in the Age of Innocence, 3d ed</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786494620" title="Special:BookSources/9780786494620"><bdi>9780786494620</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Movies+in+the+Age+of+Innocence%2C+3d+ed.&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-10-13&rft.isbn=9780786494620&rft.aulast=Wagenknecht&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqyOhBAAAQBAJ%26q%3DV-L-S-E%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelig+Polyscope+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/634376581/?terms=%22Selig%20Polyscope%20Company%22&match=1">In the Photoplay World</a>." Fort Worth, Texas: <i>Fort Worth Star-Telegram</i>, November 7, 1915, p. 33 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErish2012" class="citation book cs1">Erish, Andrew A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QivgDAAAQBAJ"><i>Col. William N. Selig: The Man Who Invented Hollywood</i></a>. University of Texas Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0292728707" title="Special:BookSources/978-0292728707"><bdi>978-0292728707</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Col.+William+N.+Selig%3A+The+Man+Who+Invented+Hollywood&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0292728707&rft.aulast=Erish&rft.aufirst=Andrew+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQivgDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelig+Polyscope+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selig_Polyscope_Company&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Selig_Polyscope_Company" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Selig Polyscope Company">Selig Polyscope Company</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lincolnheightsla.com/selig/">Lincoln Heights page with pictures of recovered statues</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> (one of Selig Polyscope Company's few surviving films) download at <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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