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#monaco-editor-embed{height:100%}#playground-container #editor-container #editor-toolbar{border-bottom:1px solid #c4c4c4;height:3rem;margin-bottom:10px;margin-right:-2px;position:relative}#playground-container #editor-container #editor-toolbar ul.right{background-color:var(--playground-dropdown-bg);position:relative;right:0}#playground-container .playground-dragbar{background-color:var(--playground-dragbar-bg);border-left:1px solid var(--playground-dragbar-border);cursor:col-resize;margin-left:2px;padding:3px}#playground-container .playground-dragbar.left{background-color:var(--blue-tinged-bg);border-left:none;border-right:1px solid var(--playground-dragbar-border);margin-left:0}#playground-container .playground-dragbar:hover{background-color:var(--blue-tinged-tinged-strong)}#playground-container .playground-dragbar.selected{background-color:var(--blue-tinged-strong)}#playground-container 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.headline-diagram .editor .titlebar .window-name{display:none;margin-left:10px;padding-top:5px}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .line-error{background-color:#c63131;height:20px;left:0;position:absolute;width:22px}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .underline-error{background:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='6' height='3' viewBox='0 0 6 3'%3E%3Cg fill='%23c94824'%3E%3Cpolygon points='5.5 0 2.5 3 1.1 3 4.1 0'/%3E%3Cpolygon points='4 0 6 2 6 .6 5.4 0'/%3E%3Cpolygon points='0 2 1 3 2.4 3 0 .6'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E") repeat-x 0 100%;padding-bottom:3px}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .error-message{color:#444d80;font-family:var(--code-font);font-size:.8rem}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .error-behind{opacity:0}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .inline-completions{position:relative}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .inline-completions ul.dropdown{background-color:#fff;border-left:4px solid #4b9edd;color:gray;display:inline-block;font-family:var(--code-font);font-size:.8rem;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;width:240px}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .inline-completions ul.dropdown:before{background-color:#fff;content:" ";left:-3px;position:absolute;top:-16px;width:2px}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .inline-completions ul.dropdown li{border-bottom:1px solid #000;height:1rem;overflow-x:hidden;padding-left:4px}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .inline-completions ul.dropdown li span.result-found{color:#4b9edd}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .inline-completions ul.dropdown li span.result{color:#000;display:inline-block;width:100px}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .did-you-mean,#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .did-you-mean-icon{position:absolute}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .content{display:flex;flex-direction:row}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .content svg{margin:12px auto}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .content svg path{fill:#fff}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .content .text{background-color:#235a97;border-radius:0 0 6px 6px;border-top:1px solid #7fa2c9;flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;font-family:var(--code-font);font-size:.8rem;height:260px;line-height:.95rem;overflow-x:auto;position:relative}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .content .text pre{background-color:#235a97;border:none;margin:0}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .content .text pre code{font-size:14px;line-height:16px}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .content .text pre .error{background-color:rgba(255,0,0,.149);color:#ffc5c5}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .content .text .language-id{display:none}#index-2 .headline-diagram .editor .highlight{color:#9ed5ff}#index-2 .headline-diagram .back .content .text>div{padding-right:200px}#index-2 .next-headline-button{align-items:center;background-color:#fff;bottom:20px;color:#000;cursor:pointer;display:flex;flex-direction:row;height:30px;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:20px;padding:3px;position:absolute;right:15px;text-decoration:none;width:30px}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){#index-2 .next-headline-button{border:2px solid gray}}#index-2 .next-headline-button.focus,#index-2 .next-headline-button:hover{background-color:#eee}#index-2 .next-headline-button:active{background-color:#ddd}#index-2 .next-headline-button .fluid-button-title{font-weight:600}#index-2 .next-headline-button svg path{fill:#000}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){#index-2 .next-headline-button svg path{fill:#ff0}}#index-2 a.get-started{align-items:flex-end;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 4px 20px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.25);box-sizing:border-box;color:#000;cursor:pointer;display:flex;margin:0 auto;max-width:244px;padding:1rem;text-decoration:none;width:100%}@media screen and 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.inline-buttons{background-color:#1a1a1a;display:flex;justify-content:center}#index-2 .call-to-action .inline-buttons a{background-color:#1a1a1a;border-left:4px solid #00273f;color:#fff;flex:1 1;margin:0!important}#index-2 .call-to-action .inline-buttons a:first-child{border-left:none}#index-2 .call-to-action .inline-buttons a:active,#index-2 .call-to-action .inline-buttons a:hover{color:#000}#index-2 .cta-redirects{overflow-y:hidden}#index-2 .cta-redirects>div{margin-bottom:-18%;position:relative}#index-2 .cta-redirects>div a{bottom:55%;position:absolute}#index-2 .release-info{display:flex;flex-direction:row;position:relative;width:100%}#index-2 .release-info .needle,#index-2 .release-info .needle-head{background-color:#000;height:68px;margin-top:-8px;position:absolute;width:2px}#index-2 .release-info .needle-head{background-color:transparent;border-left:4px solid transparent;border-right:4px solid transparent;border-top:6px solid 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a{align-items:center;background-color:#c4c4c4;color:#000;display:flex;height:2rem;justify-content:center;line-height:2.5rem;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:70%;width:2rem;z-index:2}#index-2 #m-stories .controls a:hover{background-color:#eee}#index-2 #m-stories .controls a:active{background-color:#ddd;top:calc(70% + 1px)}#index-2 #m-stories .controls a.left{left:0}#index-2 #m-stories .controls a.right{right:0}#index-2 #m-stories .copy{background:#faf9f8;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#faf9f8 48%,hsla(30,17%,98%,.125))}#index-2 #m-stories .copy p{font-size:1rem}#index-2 #m-stories .airbnb .fg,#index-2 #m-stories .goog .illustration .fg{padding-top:40px}#index-2 #m-stories .copy{padding-left:20px;padding-right:30px;position:absolute;transition:opacity .2s ease-out;width:260px}#index-2 #m-stories .copy p{padding:1rem 0}#index-2 #m-stories .copy a.migration-button{border:1px solid #000;color:#000;display:block;padding:8px 0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;width:60%}#index-2 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.github-bar.left{left:-200px}#index-2 .github-bar.right{right:-200px}#index-2 ul#videos{margin:0;padding:0}#index-2 ul#videos li{border-left:2px solid transparent;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}#index-2 ul#videos li.active{border-color:#000}#index-2 ul#videos li a{color:#000;display:block;font-size:1rem;margin-left:6px;text-decoration:none}#index-2 ul#videos li span{font-size:.8rem;font-style:italic}#index-2 .installation-panel .flat-button{background-color:#fff;color:#000;cursor:pointer;display:block;margin-top:20px;padding:1rem;text-decoration:none}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){#index-2 .installation-panel .flat-button{border:2px solid gray}}#index-2 .installation-panel .flat-button.focus,#index-2 .installation-panel .flat-button:hover{background-color:#eee}#index-2 .installation-panel .flat-button:active{background-color:#ddd}#index-2 .installation-panel .flat-button .fluid-button-title{font-weight:600}#index-2 .installation-panel .flat-button 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div.yellow-hint-blue,#index-2 .adopt-step-stepper div.yellow-lot-blue{background-color:#ffe200}#index-2 .adopt-step-stepper div.yellow-hint-blue:after,#index-2 .adopt-step-stepper div.yellow-lot-blue:after{background-color:#3178c6;content:"";height:13px;left:0;position:absolute;width:20%}#index-2 .adopt-step-stepper div.yellow-lot-blue:after{width:60%}#index-2 .adopt-step-stepper div.first{margin-left:0}#index-2 .via-delete .highlight{background-color:#fee}#index-2 .via-delete .dim{opacity:1}.yellow{background-color:#f1dd3f;color:#000;margin-bottom:-110px}.yellow .col1{align-self:stretch;width:50%}.yellow .col1 pre{height:220px;overflow:hidden}.yellow .col1 pre code{font-size:14px;line-height:16px}.yellow a{color:#000}.darkblue.dt{position:relative}.darkblue.dt .dark-blue-trans-bg{background-color:rgba(0,39,62,.77)}.darkblue.dt .dark-blue-trans-bg a{color:#fff}.darkblue.dt .dt-background{bottom:20px;font-family:var(--code-font);font-size:1.2rem;left:20px;opacity:.2;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:20px;width:80%}.flex-column{flex-direction:column}.fluid-button{background-color:#fff;color:#000;display:flex;padding:.5rem 1rem;text-decoration:none}.fluid-button .fluid-button-title{font-weight:600}.fluid-button div.fluid-button-icon{align-items:center;border-left:2px solid #000;display:flex;justify-content:center;margin-left:1rem;margin-right:-1rem;min-width:4rem;text-align:center}.fluid-button.focus,.fluid-button:hover{background-color:#eee}.fluid-button:active{background-color:#ddd}.cta .cta-back a{left:20px;position:relative;top:20px;width:60px}.transparent-button{border:1px solid #fff;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;left:20px;padding:10px;position:absolute;text-decoration:none;top:40px;width:80px}.transparent-button svg{margin-right:8px}.transparent-button.focus,.transparent-button:hover{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.063)}.transparent-button:active{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.125);border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.376)}.flow-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.clicky-grey-button{background-color:#d8d8d8;color:#000;display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;height:10rem;margin-bottom:20px;margin-right:20px;padding:18px;position:relative;text-decoration:none;width:16rem}.clicky-grey-button.white-theme{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #000}.clicky-grey-button.white-theme:hover{background-color:#eee}.clicky-grey-button.white-theme:active{background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-bottom:19px}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){.clicky-grey-button{border:1px solid gray}.clicky-grey-button svg 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li{list-style:none;margin-left:0}@media(max-width:800px){.columns{flex-direction:column;margin:0}}div#like-dislike-subnav div{font-size:14px;padding-left:4px;padding-top:16px}div#like-dislike-subnav div button{align-items:center;background:none;border:none;color:var(--text-color);display:inline-flex;flex-direction:row}div#like-dislike-subnav div button svg{fill:var(--text-color);color:var(--text-color);margin-right:4px}#beta{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#9b9a4e,#9b9a4e 10px,#6e6a33 0,#6e6a33 20px);background-color:"#c63131";color:#fff;padding:4px 4px 6px;text-align:center;text-shadow:0 2px 4px #000}#doc-layout{display:flex;flex-direction:row}#handbook-content{margin:auto;max-width:1200px;min-width:0;padding:0 2rem}@media(max-width:480px){#handbook-content{padding:0}}#handbook-content>h1{font-size:3.5rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0;line-height:3.5rem}@media(max-width:800px){#handbook-content>h1{font-size:2.5rem;margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem}}#handbook-content article{display:flex;flex-direction:row;width:100%}@media(max-width:999px){#handbook-content article{flex-direction:column}}#handbook-content .whitespace,#handbook-content .whitespace-tight{margin:0 auto 1rem;overflow:hidden;padding:2rem}@media(max-width:999px){#handbook-content .whitespace,#handbook-content .whitespace-tight{order:2}}#handbook-content .whitespace-tight{padding:1.2rem 2rem}#handbook-content aside{flex-shrink:0;margin-left:20px;width:13rem}@media(min-width:1000px){#handbook-content aside{display:block}}@media(max-width:999px){#handbook-content aside{margin-left:0;order:1;position:relative;top:0;width:100%;z-index:98}}#handbook-content aside nav{margin-bottom:1rem;position:sticky;top:30px}#handbook-content aside nav.deprecated{top:7rem}#handbook-content aside h5{font-size:16px;font-weight:600;margin:0}#handbook-content aside ul{padding:0}#handbook-content aside ul li{list-style:none}#handbook-content aside ul a{border-left:2px solid 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header{font-size:.8rem;margin-bottom:.5rem}#handbook-content .prev-next p{margin-bottom:.4rem}#handbook-content .prev-next header,#handbook-content .prev-next p{color:var(--text-color)}#handbook-content .prev-next:hover h3,#handbook-content .prev-next:hover svg path{fill:var(--text-color);color:var(--text-color)}#handbook-content .prev-next .nav-content{flex:1 1;padding-right:1rem}#handbook-content .prev-next.next{flex-direction:row-reverse;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:0;text-align:right}#handbook-content .prev-next.next .arrow{margin-left:20px;margin-right:0}#handbook-content .prev-next.next svg{transform:scaleX(-1)}#handbook-content .vertical-line{background-color:#e3e3e3;flex-basis:2px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;height:80px;min-width:2px}#handbook-content .docs-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--border-color);display:flex;flex-direction:row-reverse;height:2rem;margin:0 -2rem;padding:0}#handbook-content .docs-footer h5{font-weight:400;margin:0;padding:.5rem 1rem 0 0}#handbook-content .docs-footer button{align-items:center;background:none;border:none;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color);color:var(--text-color);cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;flex-direction:row;padding:0 1rem}#handbook-content .docs-footer button:hover{background-color:var(--border-color)}#handbook-content .docs-footer button svg{fill:var(--text-color);color:var(--text-color);margin-right:4px}#handbook-content #deprecated-header{align-items:center;background-color:#fff4cf;color:#000;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 -2rem;padding:1rem 2rem 1rem 0;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:1}#handbook-content #deprecated-header [id]:before{height:110px;margin-top:-110px}@media(max-width:800px){#handbook-content #deprecated-header{flex-direction:column;margin:0;padding:1rem}#handbook-content #deprecated-header h3{font-size:.8rem}#handbook-content #deprecated-header #deprecated-icon{margin-right:1rem}#handbook-content #deprecated-header #deprecated-action{margin-top:1rem}}#handbook-content #deprecated-header #deprecated-content{align-items:center;display:flex}#handbook-content #deprecated-header #deprecated-content #deprecated-icon{text-align:center;width:2rem}#handbook-content #deprecated-header h3{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:.5rem;margin-top:0}#handbook-content #deprecated-header p{margin-bottom:.2rem;margin-top:0}#handbook-content #deprecated-header #deprecated-action{flex-shrink:0}#handbook-content #deprecated-header #deprecated-action a{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #000;color:#000;padding:.2rem .5rem;text-decoration:none}#handbook-content #deprecated-header #deprecated-action a:hover{background-color:#eee}#handbook-content .markdown table.cli-option{display:table}#handbook-content .markdown table.cli-option tr{width:100%}#handbook-content .markdown table.cli-option tr p{margin:0;padding:0}#handbook-content .markdown table.cli-option tr code{word-wrap:normal}#handbook-content .markdown 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li.deprecated{text-decoration:line-through}pre .inline-completions ul.dropdown li span.result-found{color:#2265a5}pre .inline-completions ul.dropdown li span.result{color:#000;display:inline-block;width:100px}.dark-theme .markdown pre{background-color:#d8d8d8;border-color:#ddd;filter:invert(98%) hue-rotate(180deg)}data-lsp{border-bottom:1px dotted transparent;transition-timing-function:ease;transition:border-color .3s}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){data-lsp{transition:none}}.tag-container{position:relative}.tag-container .twoslash-annotation{color:#187abf;font-family:JetBrains Mono,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,Courier New,monospace;position:absolute;right:-210px;width:200px}.tag-container .twoslash-annotation svg{float:left;margin-left:-44px}.tag-container .twoslash-annotation.left{left:-200px;right:auto}.tag-container .twoslash-annotation.left svg{float:right;margin-right:-5px}.markdown{scroll-behavior:smooth}.markdown h1,.markdown h2,.markdown 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href="/docs/handbook/asp-net-core.html">ASP.NET Core</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/gulp.html">Gulp</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/dom-manipulation.html">DOM Manipulation</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/migrating-from-javascript.html">Migrating from JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/babel-with-typescript.html">Using Babel with TypeScript</a></li></ul></li><li class="closed"><button aria-expanded="false">What's New<span class="open"><svg fill="none" height="9" viewBox="0 0 14 9" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 1 6 6 6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span><span class="closed"><svg fill="none" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" width="9" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 13 6-6-6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span></button><ul><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-5-7.html">TypeScript 5.7</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-5-6.html">TypeScript 5.6</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-5-5.html">TypeScript 5.5</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-5-4.html">TypeScript 5.4</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-5-3.html">TypeScript 5.3</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-5-2.html">TypeScript 5.2</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-5-1.html">TypeScript 5.1</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-5-0.html">TypeScript 5.0</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-9.html">TypeScript 4.9</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-8.html">TypeScript 4.8</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-7.html">TypeScript 4.7</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-6.html">TypeScript 4.6</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-5.html">TypeScript 4.5</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-4.html">TypeScript 4.4</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-3.html">TypeScript 4.3</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-2.html">TypeScript 4.2</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-1.html">TypeScript 4.1</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-0.html">TypeScript 4.0</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-9.html">TypeScript 3.9</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-8.html">TypeScript 3.8</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-7.html">TypeScript 3.7</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-6.html">TypeScript 3.6</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-5.html">TypeScript 3.5</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-4.html">TypeScript 3.4</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-3.html">TypeScript 3.3</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-2.html">TypeScript 3.2</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-1.html">TypeScript 3.1</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-0.html">TypeScript 3.0</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-9.html">TypeScript 2.9</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-8.html">TypeScript 2.8</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-7.html">TypeScript 2.7</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-6.html">TypeScript 2.6</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-5.html">TypeScript 2.5</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-4.html">TypeScript 2.4</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-3.html">TypeScript 2.3</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-2.html">TypeScript 2.2</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-1.html">TypeScript 2.1</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-0.html">TypeScript 2.0</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-1-8.html">TypeScript 1.8</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-1-7.html">TypeScript 1.7</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-1-6.html">TypeScript 1.6</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-1-5.html">TypeScript 1.5</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-1-4.html">TypeScript 1.4</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-1-3.html">TypeScript 1.3</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-1-1.html">TypeScript 1.1</a></li></ul></li><li class="closed"><button aria-expanded="false">Declaration Files<span class="open"><svg fill="none" height="9" viewBox="0 0 14 9" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 1 6 6 6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span><span class="closed"><svg fill="none" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" width="9" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 13 6-6-6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span></button><ul><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/by-example.html">Declaration Reference</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/library-structures.html">Library Structures</a></li><li class="closed"><button aria-expanded="false">.d.ts Templates<span class="open"><svg fill="none" height="9" viewBox="0 0 14 9" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 1 6 6 6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span><span class="closed"><svg fill="none" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" width="9" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 13 6-6-6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span></button><ul><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/templates/module-d-ts.html">Modules .d.ts</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/templates/module-plugin-d-ts.html">Module: Plugin</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/templates/module-class-d-ts.html">Module: Class</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/templates/module-function-d-ts.html">Module: Function</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/templates/global-d-ts.html">Global .d.ts</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/templates/global-modifying-module-d-ts.html">Global: Modifying Module</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/do-s-and-don-ts.html">Do's and Don'ts</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/deep-dive.html">Deep Dive</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/publishing.html">Publishing</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/consumption.html">Consumption</a></li></ul></li><li class="closed"><button aria-expanded="false">JavaScript<span class="open"><svg fill="none" height="9" viewBox="0 0 14 9" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 1 6 6 6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span><span class="closed"><svg fill="none" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" width="9" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 13 6-6-6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span></button><ul><li><a href="/docs/handbook/intro-to-js-ts.html">JS Projects Utilizing TypeScript</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/type-checking-javascript-files.html">Type Checking JavaScript Files</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/jsdoc-supported-types.html">JSDoc Reference</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/declaration-files/dts-from-js.html">Creating .d.ts Files from .js files</a></li></ul></li><li class="closed"><button aria-expanded="false">Project Configuration<span class="open"><svg fill="none" height="9" viewBox="0 0 14 9" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 1 6 6 6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span><span class="closed"><svg fill="none" height="14" viewBox="0 0 9 14" width="9" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m1 13 6-6-6-6" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"></path></svg></span></button><ul><li><a href="/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html">What is a tsconfig.json</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/compiler-options-in-msbuild.html">Compiler Options in MSBuild</a></li><li><a href="/tsconfig/">TSConfig Reference</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/compiler-options.html">tsc CLI Options</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/project-references.html">Project References</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/integrating-with-build-tools.html">Integrating with Build Tools</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/configuring-watch.html">Configuring Watch</a></li><li><a href="/docs/handbook/nightly-builds.html">Nightly Builds</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav><div id="handbook-content" role="article"><h1>Triple-Slash Directives</h1><article><div class="whitespace raised"><div class="markdown"><p>Triple-slash directives are single-line comments containing a single XML tag. The contents of the comment are used as compiler directives.</p> <p>Triple-slash directives are <strong>only</strong> valid at the top of their containing file. A triple-slash directive can only be preceded by single or multi-line comments, including other triple-slash directives. If they are encountered following a statement or a declaration they are treated as regular single-line comments, and hold no special meaning.</p> <p>As of TypeScript 5.5, the compiler does not generate reference directives, and does <em>not</em> emit handwritten triple-slash directives to output files unless those directives are marked as <a href="#preservetrue"><code>preserve="true"</code></a>.</p> <h2 id="-reference-path-" style="position:relative;"><a href="#-reference-path-" aria-label=" reference path permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a><code>/// <reference path="..." /></code></h2> <p>The <code>/// <reference path="..." /></code> directive is the most common of this group. It serves as a declaration of <em>dependency</em> between files.</p> <p>Triple-slash references instruct the compiler to include additional files in the compilation process.</p> <p>They also serve as a method to order the output when using <a href="/tsconfig#out"><code>out</code></a> or <a href="/tsconfig#outFile"><code>outFile</code></a>. Files are emitted to the output file location in the same order as the input after preprocessing pass.</p> <h3 id="preprocessing-input-files" style="position:relative;"><a href="#preprocessing-input-files" aria-label="preprocessing input files permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Preprocessing input files</h3> <p>The compiler performs a preprocessing pass on input files to resolve all triple-slash reference directives. During this process, additional files are added to the compilation.</p> <p>The process starts with a set of <em>root files</em>; these are the file names specified on the command-line or in the <a href="/tsconfig#files"><code>files</code></a> list in the <code>tsconfig.json</code> file. These root files are preprocessed in the same order they are specified. Before a file is added to the list, all triple-slash references in it are processed, and their targets included. Triple-slash references are resolved in a depth-first manner, in the order they have been seen in the file.</p> <p>A triple-slash reference path is resolved relative to the containing file, if a relative path is used.</p> <h3 id="errors" style="position:relative;"><a href="#errors" aria-label="errors permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Errors</h3> <p>It is an error to reference a file that does not exist. It is an error for a file to have a triple-slash reference to itself.</p> <h3 id="using---noresolve" style="position:relative;"><a href="#using---noresolve" aria-label="using noresolve permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using <code>--noResolve</code></h3> <p>If the compiler flag <a href="/tsconfig#noResolve"><code>noResolve</code></a> is specified, triple-slash references are ignored; they neither result in adding new files, nor change the order of the files provided.</p> <h2 id="-reference-types-" style="position:relative;"><a href="#-reference-types-" aria-label=" reference types permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a><code>/// <reference types="..." /></code></h2> <p>Similar to a <code>/// <reference path="..." /></code> directive, which serves as a declaration of <em>dependency</em>, a <code>/// <reference types="..." /></code> directive declares a dependency on a package.</p> <p>The process of resolving these package names is similar to the process of resolving module names in an <code>import</code> statement. An easy way to think of triple-slash-reference-types directives are as an <code>import</code> for declaration packages.</p> <p>For example, including <code>/// <reference types="node" /></code> in a declaration file declares that this file uses names declared in <code>@types/node/index.d.ts</code>; and thus, this package needs to be included in the compilation along with the declaration file.</p> <p>For declaring a dependency on an <code>@types</code> package in a <code>.ts</code> file, use <a href="/tsconfig#types"><code>types</code></a> on the command line or in your <code>tsconfig.json</code> instead. See <a href="/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html#types-typeroots-and-types">using <code>@types</code>, <code>typeRoots</code> and <code>types</code> in <code>tsconfig.json</code> files</a> for more details.</p> <h2 id="-reference-lib-" style="position:relative;"><a href="#-reference-lib-" aria-label=" reference lib permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a><code>/// <reference lib="..." /></code></h2> <p>This directive allows a file to explicitly include an existing built-in <em>lib</em> file.</p> <p>Built-in <em>lib</em> files are referenced in the same fashion as the <a href="/tsconfig#lib"><code>lib</code></a> compiler option in <em>tsconfig.json</em> (e.g. use <code>lib="es2015"</code> and not <code>lib="lib.es2015.d.ts"</code>, etc.).</p> <p>For declaration file authors who rely on built-in types, e.g. DOM APIs or built-in JS run-time constructors like <code>Symbol</code> or <code>Iterable</code>, triple-slash-reference lib directives are recommended. Previously these .d.ts files had to add forward/duplicate declarations of such types.</p> <p>For example, adding <code>/// <reference lib="es2017.string" /></code> to one of the files in a compilation is equivalent to compiling with <code>--lib es2017.string</code>.</p> <pre class="shiki light-plus" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #000000"><div class="language-id">ts</div><div class='code-container' tabindex='0'><code><div class='line'><span style="color: #008000">/// </span><span style="color: #800000"><reference</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #EE0000">lib</span><span style="color: #000000">=</span><span style="color: #A31515">"es2017.string"</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #800000">/></span></div><div class='line'></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #A31515">"foo"</span><span style="color: #000000">.</span><span style="color: #795E26">padStart</span><span style="color: #000000">(</span><span style="color: #098658">4</span><span style="color: #000000">);</span></div></code></div></pre> <h2 id="-reference-no-default-libtrue" style="position:relative;"><a href="#-reference-no-default-libtrue" aria-label=" reference no default libtrue permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a><code>/// <reference no-default-lib="true"/></code></h2> <p>This directive marks a file as a <em>default library</em>. You will see this comment at the top of <code>lib.d.ts</code> and its different variants.</p> <p>This directive instructs the compiler to <em>not</em> include the default library (i.e. <code>lib.d.ts</code>) in the compilation. The impact here is similar to passing <a href="/tsconfig#noLib"><code>noLib</code></a> on the command line.</p> <p>Also note that when passing <a href="/tsconfig#skipDefaultLibCheck"><code>skipDefaultLibCheck</code></a>, the compiler will only skip checking files with <code>/// <reference no-default-lib="true"/></code>.</p> <h2 id="-amd-module-" style="position:relative;"><a href="#-amd-module-" aria-label=" amd module permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a><code>/// <amd-module /></code></h2> <p>By default AMD modules are generated anonymous. This can lead to problems when other tools are used to process the resulting modules, such as bundlers (e.g. <code>r.js</code>).</p> <p>The <code>amd-module</code> directive allows passing an optional module name to the compiler:</p> <h5 id="amdmodulets" style="position:relative;"><a href="#amdmodulets" aria-label="amdmodulets permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>amdModule.ts</h5> <pre class="shiki light-plus" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #000000"><div class="language-id">ts</div><div class='code-container' tabindex='0'><code><div class='line'><span style="color: #008000">/// </span><span style="color: #800000"><amd-module</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #EE0000">name</span><span style="color: #000000">=</span><span style="color: #A31515">"NamedModule"</span><span style="color: #800000">/></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #AF00DB">export</span><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #1C6277">C</span><span style="color: #000000"> {}</span></div></code></div></pre> <p>Will result in assigning the name <code>NamedModule</code> to the module as part of calling the AMD <code>define</code>:</p> <h5 id="amdmodulejs" style="position:relative;"><a href="#amdmodulejs" aria-label="amdmodulejs permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>amdModule.js</h5> <pre class="shiki light-plus" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #000000"><div class="language-id">js</div><div class='code-container' tabindex='0'><code><div class='line'><span style="color: #795E26">define</span><span style="color: #000000">(</span><span style="color: #A31515">"NamedModule"</span><span style="color: #000000">, [</span><span style="color: #A31515">"require"</span><span style="color: #000000">, </span><span style="color: #A31515">"exports"</span><span style="color: #000000">], </span><span style="color: #0000FF">function</span><span style="color: #000000"> (</span><span style="color: #001080">require</span><span style="color: #000000">, </span><span style="color: #001080">exports</span><span style="color: #000000">) {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #0000FF">var</span><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #0070C1">C</span><span style="color: #000000"> = (</span><span style="color: #0000FF">function</span><span style="color: #000000"> () {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #0000FF">function</span><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #795E26">C</span><span style="color: #000000">() {}</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #AF00DB">return</span><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #0070C1">C</span><span style="color: #000000">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000"> })();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #1C6277">exports</span><span style="color: #000000">.</span><span style="color: #0070C1">C</span><span style="color: #000000"> = </span><span style="color: #0070C1">C</span><span style="color: #000000">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000">});</span></div></code></div></pre> <h2 id="-amd-dependency-" style="position:relative;"><a href="#-amd-dependency-" aria-label=" amd dependency permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a><code>/// <amd-dependency /></code></h2> <blockquote> <p><strong>Note</strong>: this directive has been deprecated. Use <code>import "moduleName";</code> statements instead.</p> </blockquote> <p><code>/// <amd-dependency path="x" /></code> informs the compiler about a non-TS module dependency that needs to be injected in the resulting module’s require call.</p> <p>The <code>amd-dependency</code> directive can also have an optional <code>name</code> property; this allows passing an optional name for an amd-dependency:</p> <pre class="shiki light-plus" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #000000"><div class="language-id">ts</div><div class='code-container' tabindex='0'><code><div class='line'><span style="color: #008000">/// </span><span style="color: #800000"><amd-dependency</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #EE0000">path</span><span style="color: #000000">=</span><span style="color: #A31515">"legacy/moduleA"</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #EE0000">name</span><span style="color: #000000">=</span><span style="color: #A31515">"moduleA"</span><span style="color: #800000">/></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #0000FF">declare</span><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #0000FF">var</span><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #001080">moduleA</span><span style="color: #000000">: </span><span style="color: #1C6277">MyType</span><span style="color: #000000">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #001080">moduleA</span><span style="color: #000000">.</span><span style="color: #795E26">callStuff</span><span style="color: #000000">();</span></div></code></div></pre> <p>Generated JS code:</p> <pre class="shiki light-plus" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #000000"><div class="language-id">js</div><div class='code-container' tabindex='0'><code><div class='line'><span style="color: #795E26">define</span><span style="color: #000000">([</span><span style="color: #A31515">"require"</span><span style="color: #000000">, </span><span style="color: #A31515">"exports"</span><span style="color: #000000">, </span><span style="color: #A31515">"legacy/moduleA"</span><span style="color: #000000">], </span><span style="color: #0000FF">function</span><span style="color: #000000"> (</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #001080">require</span><span style="color: #000000">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #001080">exports</span><span style="color: #000000">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #001080">moduleA</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000">) {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #001080">moduleA</span><span style="color: #000000">.</span><span style="color: #795E26">callStuff</span><span style="color: #000000">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #000000">});</span></div></code></div></pre> <h2 id="preservetrue" style="position:relative;"><a href="#preservetrue" aria-label="preservetrue permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a><code>preserve="true"</code></h2> <p>Triple-slash directives can be marked with <code>preserve="true"</code> to prevent the compiler from removing them from the output.</p> <p>For example, these will be erased in the output:</p> <pre class="shiki light-plus" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #000000"><div class="language-id">ts</div><div class='code-container' tabindex='0'><code><div class='line'><span style="color: #008000">/// </span><span style="color: #800000"><reference</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #EE0000">path</span><span style="color: #000000">=</span><span style="color: #A31515">"..."</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #800000">/></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #008000">/// </span><span style="color: #800000"><reference</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #EE0000">types</span><span style="color: #000000">=</span><span style="color: #A31515">"..."</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #800000">/></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #008000">/// </span><span style="color: #800000"><reference</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #EE0000">lib</span><span style="color: #000000">=</span><span style="color: #A31515">"..."</span><span style="color: #008000"> </span><span style="color: #800000">/></span></div></code></div></pre> <p>But these will be preserved:</p> <pre class="shiki light-plus" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #000000"><div class="language-id">ts</div><div class='code-container' tabindex='0'><code><div class='line'><span style="color: #008000">/// <reference path="..." preserve="true" /></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #008000">/// <reference types="..." preserve="true" /></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #008000">/// <reference lib="..." preserve="true" /></span></div></code></div></pre></div></div><aside class="handbook-toc"><nav class="" aria-label="table of contents"><h5>On this page</h5><ul class="handbook-on-this-page-section-list"><li><a href="#-reference-path-">/// <reference path="..." /></a><ul><li><a href="#preprocessing-input-files">Preprocessing input files</a></li><li><a href="#errors">Errors</a></li><li><a href="#using---noresolve">Using --noResolve</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#-reference-types-">/// <reference types="..." /></a></li><li><a href="#-reference-lib-">/// <reference lib="..." /></a></li><li><a href="#-reference-no-default-libtrue">/// <reference no-default-lib="true"/></a></li><li><a href="#-amd-module-">/// <amd-module /></a></li><li><a href="#-amd-dependency-">/// <amd-dependency /></a></li><li><a href="#preservetrue">preserve="true"</a></li></ul><div id="like-dislike-subnav"><h5>Is this page helpful?</h5><div><button title="Like this page" id="like-button"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.052 2.29429C10.3913 1.31699 11.6841 0.866721 12.4829 1.70385C12.6455 1.87427 12.8081 2.05843 12.9176 2.22265C13.2379 2.70316 13.3725 3.33595 13.4218 3.95232C13.4721 4.58045 13.438 5.25457 13.3738 5.86484C13.3093 6.47746 13.2129 7.03959 13.1328 7.44777C13.1294 7.46547 13.1259 7.48288 13.1225 7.5H14.006C15.8777 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