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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Economie politică</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 64 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politieke_ekonomie" title="Politieke ekonomie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Politieke ekonomie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="اقتصاد سياسي – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اقتصاد سياسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica" title="Economía política – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Economía política" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyasi_iqtisadiyyat" title="Siyasi iqtisadiyyat – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Siyasi iqtisadiyyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Политическа икономия – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Политическа икономия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="রাজনৈতিক অর্থনীতি – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাজনৈতিক অর্থনীতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_pol%C3%ADtica" title="Economia política – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Economia política" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ئابووری سیاسی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئابووری سیاسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politick%C3%A1_ekonomie" title="Politická ekonomie – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Politická ekonomie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economeg_wleidyddol" title="Economeg wleidyddol – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Economeg wleidyddol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Politisk økonomi – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Politisk økonomi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politische_%C3%96konomie" title="Politische Ökonomie – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Politische Ökonomie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiya_politike" title="Ekonomiya politike – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ekonomiya politike" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πολιτική οικονομία – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτική οικονομία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Political economy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politika_ekonomiko" title="Politika ekonomiko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Politika ekonomiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_pol%C3%ADtica" title="Economía política – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Economía política" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliitiline_%C3%B6konoomia" title="Poliitiline ökonoomia – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poliitiline ökonoomia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia_politiko" title="Ekonomia politiko – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekonomia politiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="اقتصاد سیاسی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقتصاد سیاسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliittinen_talous" title="Poliittinen talous – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Poliittinen talous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89conomie_politique" title="Économie politique – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Économie politique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="כלכלה פוליטית – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלכלה פוליטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राजनीतिक अर्थशास्त्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राजनीतिक अर्थशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Քաղաքատնտեսություն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաքատնտեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_ekonomi_politik" title="Ilmu ekonomi politik – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilmu ekonomi politik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_politica" title="Economia politica – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Economia politica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%AD%A6" title="政治経済学 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="政治経済学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პოლიტიკური ეკონომია – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლიტიკური ეკონომია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Саяси Экономия – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Саяси Экономия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="정치경제학 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정치경제학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeconomia_politica" title="Oeconomia politica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oeconomia politica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisk%C4%81_ekonomika" title="Politiskā ekonomika – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Politiskā ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Политичка економија – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Политичка економија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi_politik" title="Ekonomi politik – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekonomi politik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="နိုင်ငံရေးဘောဂဗေဒ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုင်ငံရေးဘောဂဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राजनीतिक अर्थशास्त्र – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राजनीतिक अर्थशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politieke_economie" title="Politieke economie – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Politieke economie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Politisk økonomi – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Politisk økonomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Politisk økonomi – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Politisk økonomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7" title="ਰਾਜਸੀ ਅਰਥ-ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਜਸੀ ਅਰਥ-ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia_polityczna" title="Ekonomia polityczna – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ekonomia polityczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="سیاسی معیشت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیاسی معیشت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%BC%D9%87" title="سياسي وټه – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سياسي وټه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_pol%C3%ADtica" title="Economia política – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Economia política" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Политическая экономия – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Политическая экономия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="දේශපාලනික ආර්ථිකය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දේශපාලනික ආර්ථිකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Political economy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politick%C3%A1_ekon%C3%B3mia" title="Politická ekonómia – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Politická ekonómia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politi%C4%8Dna_ekonomija" title="Politična ekonomija – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Politična ekonomija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politi%C4%8Dka_ekonomija" title="Politička ekonomija – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Politička ekonomija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அரசியல் பொருளாதாரம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரசியல் பொருளாதாரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="రాజకీయ అర్ధశాస్త్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాజకీయ అర్ధశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เศรษฐศาสตร์การเมือง – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เศรษฐศาสตร์การเมือง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiyang_pampolitika" title="Ekonomiyang pampolitika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ekonomiyang pampolitika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyasi_ekonomi" title="Siyasi ekonomi – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Siyasi ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Сәяси икътисад – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сәяси икътисад" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Політична економія – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Політична економія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="سیاسی معیشت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیاسی معیشت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyosiy_iqtisod" title="Siyosiy iqtisod – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Siyosiy iqtisod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_ch%C3%ADnh_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Kinh tế chính trị – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh tế chính trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="政治经济学 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="政治经济学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="政治经济学 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="政治经济学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8ng-t%C4%AB_keng-ch%C3%A8" title="Chèng-tī keng-chè – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chèng-tī keng-chè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47555#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-bottom-width: 2px; background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0 0.3em 0.5em 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 135%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Economia" class="mw-redirect" title="Economia">Economia</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 0.3em 1em 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:GDP_PPP_Per_Capita_IMF_2008.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/GDP_PPP_Per_Capita_IMF_2008.svg/120px-GDP_PPP_Per_Capita_IMF_2008.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/GDP_PPP_Per_Capita_IMF_2008.svg/180px-GDP_PPP_Per_Capita_IMF_2008.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/GDP_PPP_Per_Capita_IMF_2008.svg/240px-GDP_PPP_Per_Capita_IMF_2008.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 0.3em 0 0.3em; font-size: 100%"> <p><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_economice" title="Științe economice">Științe economice</a> <br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Economie politică</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aar%C4%83_dezvoltat%C4%83" title="Țară dezvoltată">Țară dezvoltată</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Economie_de_pia%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Economie de piață">Economie de piață</a> • <a href="/wiki/Formele_pie%C8%9Bei" title="Formele pieței">Formele pieței</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cerere" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerere">Cerere</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ofert%C4%83" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ofertă">Ofertă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bani" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani">Bani</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Infla%C8%9Bie" title="Inflație">Inflație</a> • <a href="/wiki/Defla%C8%9Bie" title="Deflație">Deflație</a> • <a href="/wiki/Comer%C8%9B" title="Comerț">Comerț</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Economie_heterodox%C4%83" title="Economie heterodoxă">Economie heterodoxă</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Economie_planificat%C4%83" title="Economie planificată">Economie planificată</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-top: 0.2em; background-color: #999;"><span style="color:white;"><b>Economia generală</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 0.3em 0 0.3em; font-size: 100%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Microeconomie" title="Microeconomie">Microeconomie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mezoeconomie" title="Mezoeconomie">Mezoeconomie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomie" title="Macroeconomie">Macroeconomie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Economie_financiar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Economie financiară">Economie financiară</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Politic%C4%83_economic%C4%83" title="Politică economică">Politică economică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Econometrie" title="Econometrie">Econometrie</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Comer%C8%9B_exterior" class="mw-redirect" title="Comerț exterior">Comerț exterior</a> • <a href="/wiki/Homo_oeconomicus" title="Homo oeconomicus">Homo oeconomicus</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_institu%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie instituțională — pagină inexistentă">Economie instituțională</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunctur%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conjunctură — pagină inexistentă">Conjunctură</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Echilibrul_pie%C8%9Bei" title="Echilibrul pieței">Echilibrul pieței</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cost_marginal" title="Cost marginal">Cost marginal</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Func%C8%9Bie_de_utilitate" title="Funcție de utilitate">Funcție de utilitate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Echilibru_Nash" title="Echilibru Nash">Echilibru Nash</a><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-top: 0.2em; background-color: #999;"><span style="color:white;"><b>Economia afacerilor</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 0.3em 0 0.3em; font-size: 100%"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produc%C8%9Bie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Producție — pagină inexistentă">Producție</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Controlling" title="Controlling">Controlling</a> • <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economia_resurselor_umane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economia resurselor umane — pagină inexistentă">Economia resurselor umane</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Finan%C8%9Be" title="Finanțe">Finanțe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Contabilitate" title="Contabilitate">Contabilitate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">Audit</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-top: 0.2em; background-color: #999;"><span style="color:white;"><b>Economiști pe categorii</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 0.3em 0 0.3em; font-size: 100%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Economi%C8%99ti_rom%C3%A2ni" title="Categorie:Economiști români">Economiști români</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Economi%C8%99ti_americani" title="Categorie:Economiști americani">Economiști americani</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Economi%C8%99ti_francezi" title="Categorie:Economiști francezi">Economiști francezi</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Economi%C8%99ti_germani" title="Categorie:Economiști germani">Economiști germani</a> <br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: padding: 0 0.3em 0.3em 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 100%; background-color: #CCCCFF"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Economie" title="Portal:Economie"><span style="color:black;">Portal:Economie</span></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: padding: 0 0.3em 0.3em 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 100%; background-color: #CCCCFF"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProiect_Economie" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProiect Economie"><span style="color:black;">Proiectul economie</span></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 0.3em 0 0.3em; font-size: 100%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_articole_economice" title="Listă de articole economice">Listă de articole economice</a></b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_%C3%AEntreprinz%C4%83tori_renumi%C8%9Bi" title="Listă de întreprinzători renumiți">Listă de întreprinzători renumiți</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Colec%C8%9Bie_de_formule_economice" class="mw-redirect" title="Colecție de formule economice">Colecție de formule economice</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_economi%C8%99ti" title="Listă de economiști">Listă de economiști</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: padding: 0 0.3em 0.3em 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 100%; background-color: #CCCCFF"><b><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Economie" title="Categorie:Economie">Categoria economie</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Template%3AEconomie">Toate articolele din serie</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" colspan="3"><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Economie&action=edit">editează</a></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Nu confundați cu <a href="/wiki/Politic%C4%83_economic%C4%83" title="Politică economică">Politică economică</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Rousseau_-_Discours_sur_l%27oeconomie_politique,_1758_-_5884558.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rousseau_-_Discours_sur_l%27oeconomie_politique%2C_1758_-_5884558.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Rousseau_-_Discours_sur_l%27oeconomie_politique%2C_1758_-_5884558.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rousseau_-_Discours_sur_l%27oeconomie_politique%2C_1758_-_5884558.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Rousseau_-_Discours_sur_l%27oeconomie_politique%2C_1758_-_5884558.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rousseau_-_Discours_sur_l%27oeconomie_politique%2C_1758_-_5884558.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Rousseau_-_Discours_sur_l%27oeconomie_politique%2C_1758_-_5884558.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="2733" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, <i>Discours sur l'oeconomie politique</i>, 1758</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Economia politică</b> sau știința economică de ansamblu, este o ramură a <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_economice" title="Științe economice">științelor economice</a>. Termenul de <i>economie politică</i> a fost consacrat în anul <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a> în <i>Traicté de l'œconomie politique</i> (Tratat de economie politică), de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_de_Montchrestien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine de Montchrestien — pagină inexistentă">Antoine de Montchrestien</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și desemna pe atunci știința producției și distribuția bogăției la nivel de țară. Tratatul a fost scris pentru suveranul de atunci al Franței, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_al_XIII-lea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludovic al XIII-lea — pagină inexistentă">Ludovic al XIII-lea</a>, tatăl lui <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_al_XIV-lea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludovic al XIV-lea">Ludovic al XIV-lea</a>. Numele provine de la grecescul "politeia" (ordine socială) și "oikonomia" ("oikos" = casă, gospodărie; "nomos" = lege). </p><p>Ideile și teoriile economice au apărut încă din <a href="/wiki/Evul_Mediu" title="Evul Mediu">Evul Mediu</a>, însă cunoștințele economice erau integrate în diferite sisteme de gândire. La început, economia politică a fost cultivată de filozofi ca <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Hume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Hume — pagină inexistentă">Joseph Hume</a>, oameni de afaceri și oameni politici ca: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Morus" title="Thomas Morus">Thomas Morus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Temple — pagină inexistentă">John Temple</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_de_Sully&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc de Sully — pagină inexistentă">Duc de Sully</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_de_Witt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan de Witt — pagină inexistentă">Johan de Witt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Cantillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Cantillon — pagină inexistentă">Richard Cantillon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> și de medici ca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Barbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Barbon — pagină inexistentă">Nicholas Barbon</a> și <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">François Quesnay</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definiție"><span id="Defini.C8.9Bie"></span>Definiție</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Definiție" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Definiție"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Economia politică a fost termenul original pentru studiul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Produc%C8%9Bie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Producție — pagină inexistentă">producției</a>, acțiunilor de vânzare și cumpărare și a relațiilor acestora cu legile, vămile și guvernul. Aceasta s-a dezvoltat în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XVIII-lea" title="Secolul al XVIII-lea">secolul al XVIII-lea</a> ca un studiu al economiilor statelor. Spre deosebire de teoria fiziocraților în cadrul căreia pământul era văzut ca o sursă a bunăstării tuturor, economiștii care studiau economia politică au propus <i>teoria valorii muncii</i> (introdusă pentru prima oară de <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, dezvoltată mai târziu de <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> și <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>), conform căreia munca este o sursă reală de valoare. Economiștii preocupați de economia politică au atras, de asemenea atenția asupra dezvoltării accelerate a tehnologiei, al cărei rol în relațiile economice și sociale a devenit foarte importantă. </p><p>La sfârșitul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolului XIX</a>, termenul „<i>economie politică</i>“ a fost înlocuit cu termenul <a href="/wiki/Economie" title="Economie">economie</a> care a fost folosit de acei care încercau să situeze studiul economiei pe o bază <a href="/wiki/Matematic%C4%83" title="Matematică">matematică</a> și axiomatică, în loc să studieze relațiile structurale din cadrul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Produc%C8%9Bie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Producție — pagină inexistentă">producției</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consum — pagină inexistentă">consumului</a>. </p><p>Termenul <i>economia politică</i> este folosit pentru a se face referință la studiile interdisciplinare din domeniile <a href="/wiki/Economie" title="Economie">economiei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drept" title="Drept">dreptului</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_politice" title="Științe politice">științelor politice</a>, pentru a înțelege în ce mod influențează instituțiile politice și mediul politic, comportamentul pieței. În cadrul <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_politice" title="Științe politice">științelor politice</a>, termenul se referă la liberalul modern, la teoriile marxiste realiste și constructive în ceea ce privește relația dintre puterile economică și politică dintre state. Acesta este un subiect de studiu pentru studenții istoriei economice și economiei instituționale. </p><p>Economiștii asociază în mod frecvent termenul „economie politică“ cu <a href="/wiki/Teoria_jocurilor" title="Teoria jocurilor">teoria jocurilor</a>. Economia politică internațională este o ramură a economiei care studiază politicile monetare și fiscale care au un efect asupra <a href="/wiki/Comer%C8%9B_interna%C8%9Bional" title="Comerț internațional">comerțul internațional</a>. Antropologii, sociologii și geografii folosesc termenul „economie politică“ pentru a face referire la aproximările neo-marxiste în cazul dezvoltării și subdezvoltării exprimate de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andre_Gunder_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andre Gunder Frank — pagină inexistentă">Andre Gunder Frank</a> și <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Wallerstein" title="Immanuel Wallerstein">Immanuel Wallerstein</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoria_economiei_politice">Istoria economiei politice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoria economiei politice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istoria economiei politice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_g%C3%A2ndirii_economice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria gândirii economice — pagină inexistentă">Istoria gândirii economice</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilismul</a>, care a dominat gândirea economică între <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XVI-lea" title="Secolul al XVI-lea">secolul al XVI-lea</a> și mijlocul secolului al XVIII-lea, prefigurează sensul modern restrâns al termenului „economie politică” interesat fiind doar de îmbogățirea prințului. </p><p>Mai apoi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_de_Boisguilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre de Boisguilbert — pagină inexistentă">Pierre de Boisguilbert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Cantillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Cantillon — pagină inexistentă">Richard Cantillon</a> și <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">François Quesnay</a> au fondat școala fiziocraților care considerau că bogăția unei națiuni constă din bogăția tuturor locuitorilor săi. Studiind formarea acestei bogății, fiziocrații concluzionau că puterea statului trebuie să intervină cât de puțn posibil în viața economică, creînd și tradiția liberală care a dominat gândirea economică până la sfârșitul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolului al XIX-lea</a>. Răspunsul lor la întrebarea asupra politicii economice a statului este în mod substanțial acela că nu este dorită. Ei sunt adepți ai tradiției liberale a filosofiei politice inaugurate de <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> și continuate de <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Frédéric Bastiat</a> (1801-1850). </p><p>Tema intervenției statului a fost transmisă în principal în onoarea lui <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, care făcea din teoriile sale asupra crizelor generalizate ale superproducției punctul de plecare și rezultatul asupra crizei generale a sistemului capitalist în economia politică, iar soluția propusă de el era capitalul de stat provenit din <a href="/wiki/Na%C8%9Bionalizare" title="Naționalizare">naționalizarea</a> mijloacelor de producție. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a> a făcut economie politică împreună cu <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> în momentul în care economia Statelor Unite trecea de la un «capitalism sălbatic» la un «capitalism moderat» de intervenția statului care avea un rol de control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Niță Dobrotă și colab., <i>Economia politică</i>, Editura economică, 1995</li> <li><i>L'économie politique. Analyse économique des choix publics et de la vie politique</i>, J. Généreux, Larousse, 1996.</li> <li><i>Fondements d'économie politique</i>, 3e édition, Alexis Jacquemin, Henry Tulkens, Paul Mercier, Bruxelles 2001. Accessible en ligne et téléchargeable en pdf sur la page web personnelle de Henry Tulkens (via Google)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Frédéric Bastiat</a>, <i>Ce qu'on voit et ce qu'on ne voit pas</i>, Choix de sophismes et de pamphlets économiques, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/2878940040" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/2878940040">ISBN: 2878940040</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoin_Murphy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoin Murphy — pagină inexistentă">Antoin Murphy</a>, <i>L.-J. Plumard de Dangeul (1722 - 1777), Membre de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Sciences_de_Stockholm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Académie des Sciences de Stockholm — pagină inexistentă">Académie des Sciences de Stockholm</a> - Un précurseur de l'Economie politique</i>, in <i>Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine</i>, Le Mans, 2000, 3° série T. 20, tome CLI de la Collection, p. 81 - 96 (+ ill.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_King&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles King — pagină inexistentă">Charles King</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshia_Child&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshia Child — pagină inexistentă">Joshia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cary — pagină inexistentă">John Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BBtel-Dumont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bûtel-Dumont — pagină inexistentă">Bûtel-Dumont</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamoignon de Malesherbes — pagină inexistentă">Lamoignon de Malesherbes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_de_Gournay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent de Gournay — pagină inexistentă">Vincent de Gournay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A9ron_de_Forbonnais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Véron de Forbonnais — pagină inexistentă">Véron de Forbonnais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_g%C3%A2ndirii_economice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria gândirii economice — pagină inexistentă">Istoria gândirii economice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politic%C4%83" title="Politică">Politică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politic%C4%83_economic%C4%83" title="Politică economică">Politică economică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalul" title="Capitalul">Capitalul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etica_afacerilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etica afacerilor — pagină inexistentă">Etica afacerilor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Antoine de Montchrestien (1616), p.3 J.Arrous, <i>Introduction à l'économie politique</i>, Paris, Dalloz, 1994</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_politic%C4%83&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecol.ro/">Centrul pentru Economie și Libertate</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egwald.com/ubcstudent/prose/politicaleconomy.php">„The Political Economy of British Columbia's Rainforests”</a> de Elmer G. Wiens</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://david.herrgott.fr/paper.php?nbr=1000000005">„Economia este anticamera politicii?”</a> de David Herrgott</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Științe_sociale" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_sociale" title="Format:Științe sociale"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_dreptului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria dreptului — pagină inexistentă">Istoria dreptului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_sistemelor_juridice_na%C8%9Bionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista sistemelor juridice naționale — pagină inexistentă">Sisteme juridice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politologie" title="Politologie">Politologie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rela%C8%9Bii_interna%C8%9Bionale" title="Relații internaționale">Relații internaționale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psefologie" title="Psefologie">Psefologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administra%C8%9Bie_public%C4%83" title="Administrație publică">Administrație publică</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politici_publice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politici publice — pagină inexistentă">Politici publice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psihologie" title="Psihologie">Psihologie</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psihologia_anormalului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psihologia anormalului — pagină inexistentă">anormalului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuro%C8%99tiin%C8%9Be_comportamentale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuroștiințe comportamentale — pagină inexistentă">Neuroștiințe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psihologie_cognitiv%C4%83" title="Psihologie cognitivă">cognitivă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psihologia_dezvolt%C4%83rii" title="Psihologia dezvoltării">dezvoltării</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psihologia_personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bii" title="Psihologia personalității">personalității</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psihologie_social%C4%83" title="Psihologie socială">socială</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociologie" title="Sociologie">Sociologie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminologie" title="Criminologie">criminologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demografie" title="Demografie">demografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociologia_internetului" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologia internetului">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociologie_rural%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociologie rurală — pagină inexistentă">rurală</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociologie_urban%C4%83" title="Sociologie urbană">urbană</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdisciplinare</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antrozoologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antrozoologia — pagină inexistentă">Antrozoologia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_de_suprafa%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii de suprafață — pagină inexistentă">Studii de suprafață</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_de_Afaceri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii de Afaceri — pagină inexistentă">Studii de Afaceri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_cognitive" title="Științe cognitive">Științe cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bele_comunic%C4%83rii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Științele comunicării — pagină inexistentă">Științele comunicării</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_comunitare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii comunitare — pagină inexistentă">Studii comunitare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_culturale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii culturale — pagină inexistentă">Studii culturale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studiile_dezvolt%C4%83rii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studiile dezvoltării — pagină inexistentă">Studiile dezvoltării</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educa%C8%9Bie" title="Educație">Educație</a></li> <li>Mediu (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_social%C4%83_a_mediului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Știința socială a mediului — pagină inexistentă">Știința socială</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_de_mediu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii de mediu — pagină inexistentă">studiu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_privind_alimentele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii privind alimentele — pagină inexistentă">Studii privind alimentele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studii_de_gen" title="Studii de gen">Studii de gen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_globale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii globale — pagină inexistentă">Studii globale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istoria_tehnologiei" title="Istoria tehnologiei">Istoria tehnologiei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecologie_uman%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecologie umană — pagină inexistentă">Ecologie umană</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_informa%C8%9Biei" title="Știința informației">Știința informației</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_interna%C8%9Bionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii internaționale — pagină inexistentă">Studii internaționale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii media — pagină inexistentă">Studii media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filozofia_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bei" title="Filozofia științei">Filozofia științei</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofie_%C8%99i_economie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofie și economie — pagină inexistentă">economie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filozofia_istoriei" title="Filozofia istoriei">istorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filozofia_psihologiei" title="Filozofia psihologiei">psihologiei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filozofia_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bei_sociale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filozofia științei sociale — pagină inexistentă">științei sociale</a></li></ul></li> <li>Planificare <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planficare_utiliz%C4%83rii_terenurilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planficare utilizării terenurilor — pagină inexistentă">utilizarea terenurilor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planficare_regional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planficare regională — pagină inexistentă">regională</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planificare_urban%C4%83" title="Planificare urbană">urbană</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecologie_politic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecologie politică — pagină inexistentă">Ecologie politică</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Economie politică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%83n%C4%83tate_public%C4%83" title="Sănătate publică">Sănătate publică</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C4%83_regional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Știință regională — pagină inexistentă">Știință regională</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C4%83,_tehnologie_%C8%99i_societate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Știință, tehnologie și societate — pagină inexistentă">Studii științifice și tehnologice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bifice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii științifice — pagină inexistentă">Studii științifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istoria_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bei" title="Istoria științei">istoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asisten%C8%9B%C4%83_social%C4%83" title="Asistență socială">Asistență socială</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glosar" title="Glosar">Glosare</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_sociologie" title="Glosar de sociologie">Glosar de sociologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_termeni_filozofici" title="Glosar de termeni filozofici">Glosar de termeni filozofici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_termeni_politici" title="Glosar de termeni politici">Glosar de termeni politici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_psihologie" title="Glosar de psihologie">Glosar de psihologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_termeni_juridici" title="Glosar de termeni juridici">Glosar de termeni juridici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_lingvistic%C4%83" title="Glosar de lingvistică">Glosar de lingvistică</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alte categorii</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_umaniste" title="Științe umaniste">Științe umaniste</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umanistic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umanistică — pagină inexistentă">Umanistică</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_uman%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Știința umană — pagină inexistentă">Știința umană</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_de_articole_sociologice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Index de articole sociologice — pagină inexistentă">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_jurnalelor_de_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Be_sociale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista jurnalelor de științe sociale — pagină inexistentă">Jurnale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conspectul_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Belor_sociale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conspectul științelor sociale — pagină inexistentă">Conspect</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Portal:Social_Sciences" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Portal:Social Sciences">Wikiversitate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4115586-5">4115586-5</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" 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