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<span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Navigation_Data_Standard_(NDS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navigation_Data_Standard_(NDS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Navigation Data Standard (NDS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navigation_Data_Standard_(NDS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Real-time_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real-time_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Real-time data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real-time_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integration_and_other_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integration_and_other_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Integration and other functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integration_and_other_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Original_factory_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_factory_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Original factory equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_factory_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SMS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SMS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>SMS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SMS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Automotive navigation system</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="نظام ملاحة بالسيارة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام ملاحة بالسيارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtomobil_naviqasiya_sistemi" title="Avtomobil naviqasiya sistemi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avtomobil naviqasiya sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="মোটরগাড়ি নেভিগেশন সিস্টেম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোটরগাড়ি নেভিগেশন সিস্টেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_navegaci%C3%B3_per_autom%C3%B2bils" title="Sistema de navegació per automòbils – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema de navegació per automòbils" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilov%C3%A1_navigace" title="Automobilová navigace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Automobilová navigace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigationssystem" title="Navigationssystem – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Navigationssystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Σύστημα πλοήγησης αυτοκινήτου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύστημα πλοήγησης αυτοκινήτου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_navegaci%C3%B3n_para_autom%C3%B3viles" title="Sistema de navegación para automóviles – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema de navegación para automóviles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigilo" title="Navigilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Navigilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="سامانه ناوبری خودرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامانه ناوبری خودرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_embarqu%C3%A9_mobile" title="Système embarqué mobile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système embarqué mobile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonavigaasje" title="Autonavigaasje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Autonavigaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EB%9F%89_%EC%9E%90%EB%8F%99_%ED%95%AD%EB%B2%95_%EC%9E%A5%EC%B9%98" title="차량 자동 항법 장치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="차량 자동 항법 장치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_navigasi_kendaraan" title="Sistem navigasi kendaraan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem navigasi kendaraan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigatore_satellitare" title="Navigatore satellitare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Navigatore satellitare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routenavigatiesysteem" title="Routenavigatiesysteem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Routenavigatiesysteem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%93%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="カーナビゲーション – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カーナビゲーション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonavigasjoon" title="Autonavigasjoon – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Autonavigasjoon" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilnavigasjon" title="Bilnavigasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bilnavigasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Автомобильная навигационная система – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Автомобильная навигационная система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonavigation" title="Autonavigation – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Autonavigation" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system" title="Automotive navigation system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Automotive navigation system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilov%C3%BD_naviga%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_pr%C3%ADstroj" title="Automobilový navigačný prístroj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Automobilový navigačný prístroj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="தானுந்து வழிகாட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தானுந்து வழிகாட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ระบบนำทางในรถยนต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบนำทางในรถยนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara%C3%A7_seyir_sistemi" title="Araç seyir sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Araç seyir sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Автомобільна навігаційна система – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Автомобільна навігаційна система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigador_satelitare" title="Navigador satelitare – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Navigador satelitare" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="汽车导航系统 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汽车导航系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27731#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of the automobile controls</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gosmore_in_berlin_with_winCE_on_transonic_6000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Gosmore_in_berlin_with_winCE_on_transonic_6000.jpg/220px-Gosmore_in_berlin_with_winCE_on_transonic_6000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Gosmore_in_berlin_with_winCE_on_transonic_6000.jpg/330px-Gosmore_in_berlin_with_winCE_on_transonic_6000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Gosmore_in_berlin_with_winCE_on_transonic_6000.jpg/440px-Gosmore_in_berlin_with_winCE_on_transonic_6000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>Navigation with Gosmore, an <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation_software" title="Satellite navigation software">routing software</a>, on a personal navigation assistant with free map data from <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>automotive navigation system</b> is part of the <a href="/wiki/Automobile_controls" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile controls">automobile controls</a> or a third party add-on used to find direction in an automobile. It typically uses a <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">satellite navigation</a> device to get its position data which is then correlated to a position on a road. When directions are needed routing can be calculated. On the fly traffic information (road closures, congestion) can be used to adjust the route. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dead_reckoning" title="Dead reckoning">Dead reckoning</a> using distance data from sensors attached to the <a href="/wiki/Powertrain" title="Powertrain">drivetrain</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Accelerometer" title="Accelerometer">accelerometer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Inertial_guidance_system#Vibrating_gyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertial guidance system">gyroscope</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Magnetometer" title="Magnetometer">magnetometer</a> can be used for greater reliability, as GNSS signal loss and/or <a href="/wiki/Multipath_propagation" title="Multipath propagation">multipath</a> can occur due to <a href="/wiki/Urban_canyon" title="Urban canyon">urban canyons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tunnels" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunnels">tunnels</a>. </p><p>Mathematically, automotive navigation is based on the <a href="/wiki/Shortest_path_problem" title="Shortest path problem">shortest path problem</a>, within <a href="/wiki/Graph_theory" title="Graph theory">graph theory</a>, which examines how to identify the path that best meets some criteria (shortest, cheapest, fastest, etc.) between two points in a large network. </p><p>Automotive navigation systems are crucial for the development of <a href="/wiki/Self-driving_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-driving cars">self-driving cars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Automotive navigation systems represent a convergence of a number of diverse technologies, many of which have been available for many years, but were too costly or inaccessible. Limitations such as batteries, display, and processing power had to be overcome before the product became commercially viable.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Hidetsugu_Yagi" title="Hidetsugu Yagi">Hidetsugu Yagi</a> designed a wireless-based navigation system. This design was still primitive and intended for military-use.</li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> Research (GMR) was working on a non-satellite-based navigation and assistance system called DAIR (Driver Aid, Information & Routing). After initial tests GM found that it was not a scalable or practical way to provide navigation assistance. Decades later, however, the concept would be reborn as <a href="/wiki/OnStar" title="OnStar">OnStar</a> (founded 1996).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1971: Compact Cassette based navigation following pre-determined routes, instructious would be read followed by a tone that would tell a controller to continue the cassette after the distance (denoted by the tone) had been reached. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1973: Japan's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_International_Trade_and_Industry" title="Ministry of International Trade and Industry">Ministry of International Trade and Industry</a> (MITI) and <a href="/wiki/Fuji_Heavy_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuji Heavy Industries">Fuji Heavy Industries</a> sponsored CATC (Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control), a Japanese research project on automobile navigation systems.<sup id="cite_ref-akerman279_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akerman279-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1979: MITI established JSK (Association of Electronic Technology for Automobile Traffic and Driving) in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-akerman279_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akerman279-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1980: Electronic Auto Compass with new mechanism on the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Crown" title="Toyota Crown">Toyota Crown</a>.</li> <li>1981: The earlier research of CATC led to the first generation of automobile navigation systems from Japanese companies <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>. They used <a href="/wiki/Dead_reckoning" title="Dead reckoning">dead reckoning</a> technology.<sup id="cite_ref-akerman279_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akerman279-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981: Honda's <a href="/wiki/Electro_Gyrocator" title="Electro Gyrocator">Electro Gyrocator</a> was the first commercially available car navigation system. It used inertial navigation systems, which tracked the distance traveled, the start point, and direction headed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also the first with a map display.<sup id="cite_ref-akerman279_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akerman279-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981: Navigation computer on the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Celica" title="Toyota Celica">Toyota Celica</a> (NAVICOM).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Etak_(automotive_navigation_systems)" class="mw-redirect" title="Etak (automotive navigation systems)">Etak</a> was founded. It made an early system that used map-matching to improve on dead reckoning instrumentation. Digital map information was stored on standard cassette tapes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1987: Toyota introduced the World's first <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>-based navigation system on the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Crown_(S130)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Crown (S130)">Toyota Crown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1989: Gregg Howe of Design Works USA applied Hunter Systems $40,000 navigational computer to the Magna Torrero Concept Car. Originally developed to locate hydrants for fire departments, this system utilized both satellite signals & <a href="/wiki/Dead_reckoning" title="Dead reckoning">dead reckoning</a> improving overall system accuracy due to civilian GPS limitations. This system also boast a color raster scan monitor, rather than the monochromatic vector mapping displays used by predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Mazda_Eunos_Cosmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazda Eunos Cosmo">Mazda Eunos Cosmo</a> became the first production car with built-in <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a>-navigation system<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> partnered with the American Automotive Association, Florida Department of Transportation, as well as the city of Orlando to create TravTek (short for Travel Technology) which was a computerized in-car navigation system. A fleet of 100 <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile_Toronado" title="Oldsmobile Toronado">Oldsmobile Toronados</a> were rolled out with the system with 75 available for rent through <a href="/wiki/Avis_Car_Rental" title="Avis Car Rental">Avis'</a> Orlando International Airport office, the other 25 were test-driven by local drivers. A computer system was installed in the trunk of the vehicle with a special antenna mounted in the back and was hooked up to the video screen in the Oldsmobile Toronado (an option in the standard Toronado) to display the navigation. TravTek covered a 12,000 square mile area in Orlando and its metro areas, as well as contained listings for restaurants, AAA-approved hotels and attractions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991: Toyota introduced GPS car navigation on the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Soarer" title="Toyota Soarer">Toyota Soarer</a>.</li> <li>1991: Mitsubishi introduced GPS car navigation on the <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Debonair" title="Mitsubishi Debonair">Mitsubishi Debonair</a> (MMCS: Mitsubishi Multi Communication System).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992: Voice assisted GPS navigation system on the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Celsior" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Celsior">Toyota Celsior</a>.</li> <li>1993: The Austrian channel ORF airs a presentation of the software company bitMAP and its head Werner Liebig's invention, an electronic city map including street names and house numbers, using a satellite-based navigation system. bitMAP attends Comdex in Las Vegas the same year, but doesn't manage to market itself properly.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1994: BMW 7 series <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E38)" title="BMW 7 Series (E38)">E38</a> first European model featuring GPS navigation. The navigation system was developed in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> (Philips CARIN).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a> introduced the first GPS navigation system available in a United States production car, called GuideStar.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The navigation system was developed in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Zexel" title="Zexel">Zexel</a>. Zexel partnered with <a href="/wiki/Avis_Car_Rental" title="Avis Car Rental">Avis Car Rental</a> to make the system widely available in rental cars. This provided many in the United States general public with their first opportunity to use car navigation.</li> <li>1995: Device called "Mobile Assistant" or short, MASS, produced by Munich-based company ComRoad AG, won the title "Best Product in Mobile Computing" on CeBit by magazine Byte. It offered <a href="/wiki/Turn-by-turn_navigation" title="Turn-by-turn navigation">turn-by-turn navigation</a> via wireless internet connection, with both GPS and speed sensor in the car.</li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Acura" title="Acura">Acura</a> introduced the first <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drive</a>-based navigation system in the 1996 <a href="/wiki/Acura_RL" title="Acura RL">RL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1997: Navigation system using <a href="/wiki/Differential_GPS" title="Differential GPS">Differential GPS</a> developed as a factory-installed option on the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Prius" title="Toyota Prius">Toyota Prius</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1998: First <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>-based navigation system introduced on the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Progr%C3%A8s" title="Toyota Progrès">Toyota Progres</a>.</li> <li>2000: The United States made a more accurate GPS signal available for civilian use.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003: Toyota introduced the first <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drive</a>-based navigation system and the industry's first DVD-based navigation system with a built-in <a href="/wiki/Electronic_throttle_control" title="Electronic throttle control">Electronic throttle control</a></li> <li>2007: Toyota introduced Map on Demand, a technology for distributing map updates to car navigation systems, developed as the first of its kind in the world</li> <li>2008: World's first navigation system-linked <a href="/wiki/Brake_assist" class="mw-redirect" title="Brake assist">brake assist</a> function and Navigation system linked to <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Variable_Suspension" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive Variable Suspension">Adaptive Variable Suspension</a> System (NAVI/AI-AVS) on Toyota Crown</li> <li>2009: With a release of mobile navigation app from <a href="/wiki/Sygic" title="Sygic">Sygic</a> for <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> new era of a mobile device navigation systems had begun gaining in popularity since</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1995_GPS_System.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/1995_GPS_System.jpg/220px-1995_GPS_System.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/1995_GPS_System.jpg/330px-1995_GPS_System.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/1995_GPS_System.jpg/440px-1995_GPS_System.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A GPS system designed by <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> in a 1995 <a href="/wiki/Opel_Omega" title="Opel Omega">Opel Omega</a> vehicle</figcaption></figure> <p>The road database is a <a href="/wiki/Vector_Map" title="Vector Map">vector map</a>. Street names or numbers and house numbers, as well as <a href="/wiki/Point_of_interest" title="Point of interest">points of interest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waypoint" title="Waypoint">waypoints</a>), are encoded as <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic coordinate">geographic coordinates</a>. This enables users to find a desired destination by street address or as geographic coordinates. (See <a href="/wiki/Map_database_management" title="Map database management">map database management</a>.) </p><p>Map database formats are almost uniformly proprietary, with no industry standards for satellite navigation maps, although some companies are trying to address this with SDAL (Shared Data Access Library) and <a href="/wiki/Navigation_Data_Standard" title="Navigation Data Standard">Navigation Data Standard</a> (NDS). Map data vendors such as <a href="/wiki/Tele_Atlas" title="Tele Atlas">Tele Atlas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navteq" title="Navteq">Navteq</a> create the base map in a GDF (<a href="/wiki/Geographic_Data_Files" title="Geographic Data Files">Geographic Data Files</a>) format, but each electronics manufacturer compiles it in an optimized, usually proprietary manner. GDF is not a CD standard for car navigation systems. GDF is used and converted onto the CD-ROM in the internal format of the navigation system. CDF (CARiN Database Format) is a proprietary navigation map format created by <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>. </p><p>SDAL is a proprietary map format developed by <a href="/wiki/Navteq" title="Navteq">Navteq</a>, which was released <a href="/wiki/Royalty_free" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalty free">royalty free</a> in the hope that it would become an industry standard for digital navigation maps, has not been very widely adopted by the industry. Vendors who used this format include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_Navigation" title="Magellan Navigation">Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(car_audio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarion (car audio)">Clarion</a></li> <li>InfoGation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navigation_Data_Standard_(NDS)"><span id="Navigation_Data_Standard_.28NDS.29"></span>Navigation Data Standard (NDS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Navigation Data Standard (NDS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Navigation_Data_Standard" title="Navigation Data Standard">Navigation Data Standard</a> (NDS) initiative, is an industry grouping of car manufacturers, navigation system suppliers and map data suppliers whose objective is the standardization of the data format used in car navigation systems, as well as allow a map update capability. The NDS effort began in 2004 and became a registered association in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Standardization would improve interoperability, specifically by allowing the same navigation maps to be used in navigation systems from 20 manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Companies involved include <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daimler_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler AG">Daimler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a>, ADIT, <a href="/wiki/Aisin_AW" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisin AW">Aisin AW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Electronics" title="Alpine Electronics">Alpine Electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navigon" title="Navigon">Navigon</a>, Navis-AMS, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/DENSO" class="mw-redirect" title="DENSO">DENSO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harman_International_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Harman International Industries">Harman International Industries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, Preh Car Connect formerly <a href="/wiki/TechniSat" title="TechniSat">TechniSat</a>, PTV, <a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental AG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarion_(car_audio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarion (car audio)">Clarion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navteq" title="Navteq">Navteq</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navinfo.com/en/index.aspx">Navinfo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801115841/http://www.navinfo.com/en/index.aspx">Archived</a> 2020-08-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/TomTom" title="TomTom">TomTom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zenrin" title="Zenrin">Zenrin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Media">Media</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The road database may be stored in <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">solid state read-only memory (ROM)</a>, optical media (<a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a> or <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>), solid state <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a>, magnetic media (<a href="/wiki/Hard_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk">hard disk</a>), or a combination. A common scheme is to have a base map permanently stored in ROM that can be augmented with detailed information for a region the user is interested in. A ROM is always programmed at the factory; the other media may be preprogrammed, <a href="/wiki/Download" title="Download">downloaded</a> from a <a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a> or <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> via a <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> or network connection, or directly using a <a href="/wiki/Card_reader" title="Card reader">card reader</a>. </p><p>Some navigation device makers provide free map updates for their customers. These updates are often obtained from the vendor's website, which is accessed by connecting the navigation device to a PC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real-time_data">Real-time data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Real-time data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Integration_of_traffic_data_with_navigation_systems" title="Integration of traffic data with navigation systems">Integration of traffic data with navigation systems</a></div> <p>Some systems can receive and display information on <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion_map" title="Traffic congestion map">traffic congestion</a> using either <a href="/wiki/Traffic_Message_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic Message Channel">TMC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Data_System" title="Radio Data System">RDS</a>, or by GPRS/3G data transmission via mobile phones. </p><p>In practice, Google has updated Google Maps for Android and iOS to alert users when a faster route becomes available in 2014. This change helps integrate real-time data with information about the more distant parts of a route.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integration_and_other_functions">Integration and other functions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Integration and other functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The color <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> screens on some automotive navigation systems can also be used to display <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> broadcasts or <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">movies</a>.</li> <li>A few systems integrate (or communicate) with <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hands-free" class="mw-redirect" title="Hands-free">hands-free</a> talking and <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS messaging</a> (i.e., using <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>).</li> <li>Automotive navigation systems can include <a href="/wiki/Personal_information_management" title="Personal information management">personal information management</a> for <a href="/wiki/Meeting" title="Meeting">meetings</a>, which can be combined with a traffic and public transport information system.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_factory_equipment">Original factory equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Original factory equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many vehicle manufacturers offer a <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation_device" title="Satellite navigation device">satellite navigation device</a> as an option in their vehicles. Customers whose vehicles did not ship with GNSS can therefore purchase and <a href="/wiki/Retrofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrofit">retrofit</a> the original factory-supplied GNSS unit. In some cases this can be a straightforward "plug-and-play" installation if the required wiring harness is already present in the vehicle. However, with some manufacturers, new wiring is required, making the installation more complex. </p><p>The primary benefit of this approach is an integrated and factory-standard installation. Many original systems also contain a <a href="/wiki/Gyrocompass" title="Gyrocompass">gyrocompass</a> and/or an <a href="/wiki/Accelerometer" title="Accelerometer">accelerometer</a> and may accept input from the vehicle's <a href="/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor" title="Wheel speed sensor">speed sensors</a> and reverse gear engagement signal output, thereby allowing them to navigate via <a href="/wiki/Dead_reckoning" title="Dead reckoning">dead reckoning</a> when a GPS signal is temporarily unavailable.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the costs can be considerably higher than other options. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SMS">SMS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: SMS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Establishing <a href="/wiki/Points_of_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Points of interest">points of interest</a> in real-time and transmitting them via <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> cellular telephone networks using the <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">Short Message Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a>) is referred to as Gps2sms. Some vehicles and vessels are equipped with hardware that is able to automatically send an <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a> text message when a particular event happens, such as theft, <a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">anchor</a> drift or breakdown. The receiving party (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">tow truck</a>) can store the <a href="/wiki/Waypoint" title="Waypoint">waypoint</a> in a computer system, draw a map indicating the location, or see it in an automotive navigation system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_vehicle_location" title="Automatic vehicle location">Automatic vehicle location</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous car">Autonomous car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Route_Guidance_System" title="Electronic Route Guidance System">Electronic Route Guidance System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPS_eXchange_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS eXchange Format">GPS eXchange Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPS_navigation_device" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS navigation device">GPS navigation device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a> (GPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidance,_navigation,_and_control" title="Guidance, navigation, and control">Guidance, navigation, and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_parts" title="List of auto parts">List of auto parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map_database_management" title="Map database management">Map database management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapscape_BV" title="Mapscape BV">Mapscape BV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_data_terminal" title="Mobile data terminal">Mobile data terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_Data_Standard" title="Navigation Data Standard">Navigation Data Standard</a> (NDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NavPix" title="NavPix">NavPix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navteq" title="Navteq">Navteq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_navigation_assistant" title="Personal navigation assistant">Personal navigation assistant</a> (PNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TomTom" title="TomTom">TomTom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_Message_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic Message Channel">Traffic Message Channel</a> (TMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybride_Navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybride Navigation">Hybride Navigation</a> (Hybrid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmin" title="Garmin">Garmin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_navigation_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhaoLiangChen2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zhao, Jianfeng; Liang, Bodong; Chen, Qiuxia (2018-01-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2FIJIUS-08-2017-0008">"The key technology toward the self-driving car"</a>. <i>International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 2–20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2FIJIUS-08-2017-0008">10.1108/IJIUS-08-2017-0008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2049-6427">2049-6427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Intelligent+Unmanned+Systems&rft.atitle=The+key+technology+toward+the+self-driving+car&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2-20&rft.date=2018-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2FIJIUS-08-2017-0008&rft.issn=2049-6427&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Jianfeng&rft.au=Liang%2C+Bodong&rft.au=Chen%2C+Qiuxia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1108%252FIJIUS-08-2017-0008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+navigation+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cartographies of Travel and Navigation</i>, <a href="/wiki/James_R._Akerman" title="James R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Short+History+of+NDS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nds-association.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F02_NDS-20120919-Short_History_of_NDS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+navigation+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150213192303/http://www.nds-association.org/partners/">"NDS Partners, NDS Association"</a>. NDS Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nds-association.org/partners/">the original</a> on 2015-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NDS+Partners%2C+NDS+Association&rft.pub=NDS+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nds-association.org%2Fpartners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+navigation+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2014" class="citation news cs1">Palmer, Brian (2014-02-17). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/how-mapping-software-gathers-and-uses-traffic-information-the-key-element-is-you/2014/02/14/693606d4-9263-11e3-b46a-5a3d0d2130da_story.html">"How mapping software gathers and uses traffic information. The key element is you"</a></span>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+mapping+software+gathers+and+uses+traffic+information.+The+key+element+is+you.&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fhealth-science%2Fhow-mapping-software-gathers-and-uses-traffic-information-the-key-element-is-you%2F2014%2F02%2F14%2F693606d4-9263-11e3-b46a-5a3d0d2130da_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+navigation+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>In-Car Positioning and Navigation Technologies—A Survey</i>, I. Skog, and P. Händel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2008.2011712">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Self-driving cars and enabling technologies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Self-driving_cars,_self-driving_vehicles_and_enabling_technologies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Self-driving cars</a>, self-driving vehicles and enabling technologies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview and <br />context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_self-driving_cars" title="History of self-driving cars">History of self-driving cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_self-driving_cars" title="Impact of self-driving cars">Impact of self-driving cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_transportation_system" title="Intelligent transportation system">Intelligent transportation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context-aware_pervasive_systems" title="Context-aware pervasive systems">Context-aware pervasive systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_computing" title="Mobile computing">Mobile computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart,_connected_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart, connected products">Smart, connected products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing" title="Ubiquitous computing">Ubiquitous computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_intelligence" title="Ambient intelligence">Ambient intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car#Levels_of_driving_automation" title="Self-driving car">SAE Levels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Human driver monitors <br />the driving environment<br />(Levels 0,1,2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lane_departure_warning_system" title="Lane departure warning system">Lane departure warning system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_parking" title="Automatic parking">Automatic parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_emergency_braking_system" title="Automated emergency braking system">Automated emergency braking system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collision_avoidance_system" title="Collision avoidance system">Collision avoidance system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_control" title="Cruise control">Cruise control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control" title="Adaptive cruise control">Adaptive cruise control</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system" title="Advanced driver-assistance system">Advanced driver-assistance system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driver_drowsiness_detection" title="Driver drowsiness detection">Driver drowsiness detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_speed_adaptation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent speed adaptation">Intelligent speed adaptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor" title="Blind spot monitor">Blind spot monitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">System monitors <br />the driving environment<br />(Levels 3,4,5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Lane_Keeping_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated Lane Keeping Systems">Automated Lane Keeping Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_ad_hoc_network" title="Vehicular ad hoc network">Vehicular ad hoc network</a> (V2V)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_car" title="Connected car">Connected car</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Automotive navigation system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VaMP" title="VaMP">VaMP</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Berlin" title="Spirit of Berlin">Spirit of Berlin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_EN-V" title="General Motors EN-V">General Motors EN-V</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MadeInGermany" title="MadeInGermany">MadeInGermany</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waymo" title="Waymo">Waymo</a>, formerly Google Car (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_S#Autopilot" title="Tesla Model S">Tesla Model S <i>with</i> Autopilot</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LUTZ_Pathfinder" title="LUTZ Pathfinder">LUTZ Pathfinder</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avride" title="Avride">Avride</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_Legend" title="Honda Legend">Honda Legend</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Buses and commercial <br />vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_guideway_transit" title="Automated guideway transit">Automated guideway transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAVForth" title="CAVForth">CAVForth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ParkShuttle" title="ParkShuttle">ParkShuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navia_(vehicle)" title="Navia (vehicle)">Navia shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuTonomy" title="NuTonomy">NuTonomy</a> taxi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freightliner_Inspiration" title="Freightliner Inspiration">Freightliner Inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driverless_tractor" title="Driverless tractor">Driverless tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_truck" title="Self-driving truck">Self-driving truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobility_as_a_service_(transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobility as a service (transport)">Mobility as a service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_self-driving_cars" title="Regulation of self-driving cars">Regulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car#Regulation" title="Self-driving car">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11p" title="IEEE 802.11p">IEEE 802.11p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assured_clear_distance_ahead" title="Assured clear distance ahead"> Safe speed automotive common law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Lane_Keeping_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated Lane Keeping System">Automated lane keeping system</a> (unece regulation 157)</li> <li>Regulation (EU) 2019/2144</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liability</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car_liability" title="Self-driving car liability">Self-driving car liability</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enabling <br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIDAR" class="mw-redirect" title="LIDAR">LIDAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_neural_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial neural network">Artificial neural network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_stereo_vision" title="Computer stereo vision">Computer stereo vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_vision#Recognition" title="Computer vision">Image recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_short-range_communications" title="Dedicated short-range communications">Dedicated short-range communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Control_System" title="Real-time Control System">Real-time Control System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFpro" title="RFpro">rFpro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_tracking" title="Eye tracking">Eye tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Automotive navigation system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations, <br />Projects & <br />People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Organizations, <br />projects <br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Mobility" title="American Center for Mobility">American Center for Mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVI" title="DAVI">DAVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Land-Robot_Trial" title="European Land-Robot Trial">European Land-Robot Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navlab" title="Navlab">Navlab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Grand_Challenge" title="DARPA Grand Challenge">DARPA Grand Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisLab_Intercontinental_Autonomous_Challenge" title="VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge">VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Prometheus_Project" title="Eureka Prometheus Project">Eureka Prometheus Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Intelligent_Transportation_Systems_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society">IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Goddijn" title="Harold Goddijn">Harold Goddijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Broggi" title="Alberto Broggi">Alberto Broggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Levandowski" title="Anthony Levandowski">Anthony Levandowski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Car_interior" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Car-interior" title="Template:Car-interior"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Car-interior" title="Template talk:Car-interior"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Car-interior" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Car-interior"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Car_interior" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Car interior</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Part of a series of articles on <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">cars</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Automotive navigation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_night_vision" title="Automotive night vision">Automotive night vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_camera" title="Backup camera">Backup camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor" title="Blind spot monitor">Blind spot monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boost_gauge" title="Boost gauge">Boost gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzzer" title="Buzzer">Buzzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carputer" title="Carputer">Carputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_engine_light" title="Check engine light">Check engine light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_instrument_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic instrument cluster">Electronic instrument cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gauge" title="Fuel gauge">Fuel gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_head-up_display" title="Automotive head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odometer" title="Odometer">Odometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking_sensor" title="Parking sensor">Parking sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar_detector" title="Radar detector">Radar detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedometer" title="Speedometer">Speedometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachometer" title="Tachometer">Tachometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematics" title="Telematics">Telematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell-tale_(automotive)" title="Tell-tale (automotive)">Tell-tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip_computer" title="Trip computer">Trip computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Controls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowden_cable" title="Bowden cable">Bowden cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">Brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutch" title="Clutch">Clutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_control" title="Cruise control">Cruise control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_throttle_control" title="Electronic throttle control">Electronic throttle control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gear_stick" title="Gear stick">Gear stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manettino_dial" title="Manettino dial">Manettino dial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking_brake" title="Parking brake">Parking brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_steering" title="Power steering">Power steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steering_wheel" title="Steering wheel">Steering wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Anti-theft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_alarm" title="Car alarm">Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_vehicle_location" title="Automatic vehicle location">Automatic vehicle location</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immobiliser" title="Immobiliser">Immobiliser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_door_locks" title="Power door locks">Power door locks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_keyless_system" title="Remote keyless system">Remote keyless system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_key" title="Smart key">Smart key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIN_etching" title="VIN etching">VIN etching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_safety" title="Automotive safety">Safety</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Car_seat" title="Car seat">Seating</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbag" title="Airbag">Airbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armrest" title="Armrest">Armrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_seat" title="Bench seat">Bench seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucket_seat" title="Bucket seat">Bucket seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_safety_lock" title="Child safety lock">Child safety lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear-view_mirror" title="Rear-view mirror">Rear-view mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumble_seat" title="Rumble seat">Rumble seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_belt" title="Seat belt">Seat belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_boot_liner" title="Car boot liner">Boot liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_console_(automobile)" title="Center console (automobile)">Center console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashboard" title="Dashboard">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove_compartment" title="Glove compartment">Glove compartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molded_carpet" title="Molded carpet">Molded carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_visor" title="Sun visor">Sun visor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_mat" title="Vehicle mat">Vehicle mat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Convenience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_audio" title="Vehicle audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet" title="Automobile auxiliary power outlet">Automobile auxiliary power outlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_holder" title="Cup holder">Cup holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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