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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ragga and hip hop music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ragga_and_hip_hop_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ragga</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Рага – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рага" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggamuffin" title="Raggamuffin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Raggamuffin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggamuffin" title="Raggamuffin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Raggamuffin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggamuffin" title="Raggamuffin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Raggamuffin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="रग्गा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रग्गा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggamuffin" title="Raggamuffin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raggamuffin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ראגמאפין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראגמאפין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90" title="რაგა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რაგა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3" title="ラガマフィン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラガマフィン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Рагга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рагга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱟᱜᱜᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱜᱜᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggamuffin" title="Raggamuffin – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Raggamuffin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggamuffin" title="Raggamuffin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raggamuffin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="แร็กกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แร็กกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ragga" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Рагга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рагга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q740911#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sub-genre of dancehall music and reggae</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ragamuffin music" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ragamuffin (disambiguation)">Ragamuffin (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">Raga</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raga_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Raga (disambiguation)">Raga (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ragga" title="Special:EditPage/Ragga">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ragga%22">"Ragga"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ragga%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ragga%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ragga%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ragga%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ragga%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Ragga</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">Dancehall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rocksteady" title="Rocksteady">rocksteady</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">ska</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1980s, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ragga_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragga hip hop">Ragga hip hop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyon_music#Bouyon-muffin" title="Bouyon music">bouyon-muffin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ragga_jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragga jungle">ragga jungle</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Raggamuffin music</b> (or simply <b>ragga</b>) is a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">dancehall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> music. The instrumentals primarily consist of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> with heavy use of <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampling</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Smith_(musician)" title="Wayne Smith (musician)">Wayne Smith</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Sleng_Teng" title="Sleng Teng">Under Mi Sleng Teng</a>", produced by <a href="/wiki/King_Jammy" title="King Jammy">King Jammy</a> in 1985 on a <a href="/wiki/Casio_MT-40" title="Casio MT-40">Casio MT-40</a> synthesizer, is a seminal ragga song. "Sleng Teng" boosted Jammy's popularity immensely, and other producers quickly released their own versions of the <a href="/wiki/Riddim" title="Riddim">riddim</a>, accompanied by dozens of different vocalists.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ragga originated in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> during the 1980s, at the same time that <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a>'s popularity was increasing globally. Ragga spread to Europe, North America, and Africa, eventually spreading to Japan, India, and the rest of the world. Ragga heavily influenced <a href="/wiki/Oldschool_jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldschool jungle">early jungle music</a>, and also spawned the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syncretistic" class="extiw" title="wikt:syncretistic">syncretistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhangragga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhangragga">bhangragga</a> style when fused with <a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">bhangra</a>. In the 1990s, ragga and <a href="/wiki/Breakcore" title="Breakcore">breakcore</a> music fused, creating a style known as <a href="/wiki/Raggacore" class="mw-redirect" title="Raggacore">raggacore</a>. </p><p>The term "raggamuffin" is an intentional misspelling of "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ragamuffin" class="extiw" title="wikt:ragamuffin">ragamuffin</a>", a word that entered the <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Patois" title="Jamaican Patois">Jamaican Patois</a> lexicon after the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonized</a> Jamaica in the 17th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Despite the British colonialists' pejorative application of the term, Jamaican youth <a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">appropriated</a> it as an <a href="/wiki/Ingroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingroup">ingroup</a> designation. The term "raggamuffin music" describes the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" title="Music of Jamaica">music of Jamaica</a>'s "ghetto dwellers". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ragga_and_hip_hop_music">Ragga and hip hop music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ragga and hip hop music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/King_Jammy" title="King Jammy">King Jammy</a> produced 1985 hit, "<a href="/wiki/Sleng_Teng" title="Sleng Teng">(Under Me) Sleng Teng</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Smith_(musician)" title="Wayne Smith (musician)">Wayne Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1980s, Jamaican deejay <a href="/wiki/Daddy_Freddy" title="Daddy Freddy">Daddy Freddy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asher_D_(rapper)" title="Asher D (rapper)">Asher D</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_Hip-Hop" title="Ragamuffin Hip-Hop">Ragamuffin Hip-Hop</a>" became the first multinational <a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">single</a> to feature the word "ragga" in its title.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">Ska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyon_music#Bouyon-muffin" title="Bouyon music">Bouyon-muffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhangragga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhangragga">Bhangragga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Patois" title="Jamaican Patois">Jamaican Patois</a>, the language of the distinctive vocals found in ragga</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz, David (2014) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/feb/20/wayne-smith-sleng-teng-revolutionised-dancehall-reggae">Wayne Smith's Under Mi Sleng Teng – the song that revolutionised reggae</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 20 February 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wynn, Ron "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/ragamuffin-hip-hop-r27604/review"><i>Ragamuffin Hip-Hop</i> Review</a>". <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 16 November 2020.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VJfi4DcwrjMC&dq=count+machuki+dj&pg=PA120">The world of DJs and the turntable culture By Todd Souvignier</a></li> <li>Stascha (Staša) Bader: <i>Worte wie Feuer: Dancehall Reggae und Raggamuffin</i>. <i>Words Like Fire. Dancehall Reggae and Raggamuffin</i>. Dissertation Thesis at the Zurich University, 1986. Buchverlag Michael Schwinn, Neustadt, Deutschland, 1. Aufl. 1988, 2. Aufl. 1992</li> <li>René Wynands: <i>Do The Reggae. Reggae von Pocomania bis Ragga und der Mythos Bob Marley.</i> Pieper Verlag und Schott. 1995 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-492-18409-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-492-18409-X">3-492-18409-X</a> (Pieper), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7957-8409-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-7957-8409-3">3-7957-8409-3</a> (Schott) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oktober.de/reggae/">Online-Version</a></li> <li>Norman C. Stolzoff: <i>Wake the Town and Tell the People. Dancehall Culture in Jamaica.</i> Durham; London: Duke University Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-2478-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-2478-4">0-8223-2478-4</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hip-hop1449" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: darkblue; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hip-hop" title="Template:Hip-hop"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hip-hop" title="Template talk:Hip-hop"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hip-hop" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hip-hop"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hip-hop1449" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop" title="Hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Hip-hop</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: darkblue; color: white;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakdancing" title="Breakdancing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Breaking</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">DJing</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Graffiti</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emceeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Emceeing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Emceeing</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatboxing" title="Beatboxing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Beatboxing</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rap" title="Battle rap">Battle rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_dance" title="Hip-hop dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_fashion" title="Hip-hop fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_activism" title="Hip-hop activism">Activism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_feminism" title="Hip-hop feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip-hop" title="Feminist activism in hip-hop">Feminist activism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ hip-hop">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip-hop_festivals" title="List of hip-hop festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop" title="Hip-hop">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_production" title="Hip-hop production">Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_theater" title="Hip-hop theater">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip-hop_genres" title="List of hip-hop genres">Genres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation" title="Five-Percent Nation">Five-Percent Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Zulu_Nation" title="Universal Zulu Nation">Universal Zulu Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-school_hip-hop" title="Old-school hip-hop">Old-school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-school_hip-hop" title="New-school hip-hop">New school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_hip-hop" title="Golden age hip-hop">Golden age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_underground_scene" title="Bristol underground scene">Bristol underground scene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip-hop_genres" title="List of hip-hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Subgenres</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip-hop_genres" title="List of hip-hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">General</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_hip-hop" title="Alternative hip-hop">Alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hipster_hop" title="Hipster hop">Hipster hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_bap" title="Boom bap">Boom bap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_music" title="Bounce music">Bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap" title="UK rap">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap#Road_rap" title="UK rap">Road rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipmunk_soul" title="Chipmunk soul">Chipmunk soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(rap)" title="Chopper (rap)">Chopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_rap" title="Cloud rap">Cloud rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_hip-hop" title="Comedy hip-hop">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunk" title="Crunk">Crunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip-hop" title="East Coast hip-hop">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_rap" title="Freestyle rap">Freestyle rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphy" title="Hyphy">Hyphy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin%27" title="Jerkin'">Jerkin'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumental hip-hop">Instrumental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip-hop" title="Latin hip-hop">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rap" title="Chicano rap">Chicano rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofi_hip-hop" title="Lofi hip-hop">Lofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowend" title="Lowend">Lowend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass">Miami bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumble_rap" title="Mumble rap">Mumble rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerdcore" title="Nerdcore">Nerdcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chap_hop" title="Chap hop">Chap hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_hip-hop" title="Political hip-hop">Political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_hip-hop#Conscious_hip_hop" title="Political hip-hop">Conscious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rap" title="Progressive rap">Progressive rap</a></li> <li>Religious <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hip-hop" title="Christian hip-hop">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hip-hop" title="Jewish hip-hop">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_music" title="Snap music">Snap music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_hip-hop" title="Southern hip-hop">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hip-hop" title="Underground hip-hop">Underground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_hip-hop" title="Hardcore hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Hardcore</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_rap" title="Dirty rap">Dirty rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap" title="Gangsta rap">Gangsta rap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap#Mafioso_rap" title="Gangsta rap">Mafioso rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-funk" title="G-funk">G-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrorcore" title="Horrorcore">Horrorcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_rap" title="Memphis rap">Memphis rap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Trap_music" title="Trap music"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Trap music</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats#Afro_trap" title="Afrobeats">Afro trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_music" title="Drill music">Drill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_drill" title="Brooklyn drill">Brooklyn drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_club#Jersey_club_rap" title="Jersey club">Jersey drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_drill#Sample_drill" title="Brooklyn drill">Sample drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_drill" title="UK drill">UK drill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Latin trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonk" title="Phonk">Phonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_music" title="Plugg music">Plugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_(music_genre)" title="Rage (music genre)">Rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_on_Dying#Tread_style" title="Working on Dying">Tread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap#Trap_scene" title="UK rap">UK trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip-hop_genres#Fusion_genres" title="List of hip-hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Fusion genres</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip-hop_genres#Fusion_genres" title="List of hip-hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">General</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_rap" title="Country rap">Country rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_rap" title="Emo rap">Emo rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_soul" title="Hip-hop soul">Hip-hop soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_house" title="Hip house">Hip house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_hip-hop" title="Industrial hip-hop">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">Jazz rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">New jack swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">Pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rap" title="Psychedelic rap">Psychedelic rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rap" title="Punk rap">Punk rap</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Ragga_and_hip_hop_music">Ragga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_opera" title="Rap opera">Rap opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">Trip hop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal" title="Rap metal"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Rap metal</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal#Trap_metal" title="Rap metal">Trap metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip-hop_genres#Ethnic_fusion_genres" title="List of hip-hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Regional</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afroswing" title="Afroswing">Afroswing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_Flava" title="Bongo Flava">Bongo Flava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomba_music" title="Boomba music">Boomba music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Cumbia rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genge" title="Genge">Genge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_galsen" title="Hip-hop galsen">Hip-hop galsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipco" title="Hipco">Hipco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiplife" title="Hiplife">Hiplife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_rap" title="Igbo rap">Igbo rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_bap" title="Low bap">Low bap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motswako" title="Motswako">Motswako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81_mele_paleoleo" title="Nā mele paleoleo">Nā mele paleoleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuyorican_rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuyorican rap">Nuyorican rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_hip-hop" title="Romani hip-hop">Romani hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songo-salsa" title="Songo-salsa">Songo-salsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scam_rap" title="Scam rap">Scam rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronda" title="Stronda">Stronda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Pasifika" title="Urban Pasifika">Urban Pasifika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_rap" title="Vigilante rap">Vigilante rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenji_flava" title="Zenji flava">Zenji flava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip-hop_genres#Derived_genres" title="List of hip-hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Derivatives</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_music_genres" title="List of electronic music genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Electronic</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">Breakbeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_breaks" title="Florida breaks">Florida breaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_house" title="Ghetto house">Ghetto house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghettotech" title="Ghettotech">Ghettotech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitch hop">Glitch hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_music" title="Grime music">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illbient" title="Illbient">Illbient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_(genre)" title="Wonky (genre)">Wonky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Other</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative reggaeton</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Hip-hop_by_country" title="Category:Hip-hop by country"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Regional scenes</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/African_hip-hop" title="African hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">African</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_hip-hop" title="Algerian hip-hop">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Angolan hip-hop">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Beninese hip-hop">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswana hip-hop">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_hip-hop" title="Gambian hip-hop">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_hip-hop" title="Gh hip-hop">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_hip-hop" title="Ivorian hip-hop">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_hip-hop" title="Kenyan hip-hop">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_hip-hop" title="Malawian hip-hop">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian hip-hop">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_hip-hop" title="Moroccan hip-hop">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Namibian hip-hop">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian hip-hop">Nigerian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Harcourt hip-hop">Port Harcourt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_hip-hop" title="Nigerien hip-hop">Nigerien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_hip-hop" title="Senegalese hip-hop">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="South African hip-hop">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_hip-hop" title="Tanzanian hip-hop">Tanzanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_hip-hop" title="Togolese hip-hop">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Zambian hip-hop">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_hip-hop" title="Zimbabwean hip-hop">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_hip-hop" title="Asian hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Asian</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia#Hip_hop" title="Music of Armenia">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_hip-hop" title="Azerbaijani hip-hop">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_hip-hop" title="Bangladeshi hip-hop">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_hip-hop" title="Burmese hip-hop">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_hip-hop" title="Chinese hip-hop">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_hip-hop" title="Indian hip-hop">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desi_hip-hop" title="Desi hip-hop">Desi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_hip-hop" title="Indonesian hip-hop">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip-hop" title="Japanese hip-hop">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_hip-hop" title="Korean hip-hop">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_hip-hop" title="Malaysian hip-hop">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_hip-hop" title="Mongolian hip-hop">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_hip-hop" title="Nepalese hip-hop">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_hip-hop" title="Pakistani hip-hop">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_hip-hop" title="Pinoy hip-hop">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_hip-hop" title="Singapore hip-hop">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_hip-hop" title="Sri Lankan hip-hop">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_hip-hop" title="Taiwanese hip-hop">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_hip-hop" title="Thai hip-hop">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/European_hip-hop" title="European hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">European</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_hip-hop" title="Albanian hip-hop">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_hip-hop" title="Austrian hip-hop">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_hip-hop" title="Belgian hip-hop">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_and_Herzegovinian_hip-hop" title="Bosnian and Herzegovinian hip-hop">Bosnian and Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap" title="UK rap">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic hip-hop">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_hip-hop" title="Scottish hip-hop">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_hip-hop" title="Bulgarian hip-hop">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_hip-hop" title="Croatian hip-hop">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_hip-hop" title="Czech hip-hop">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_hip-hop" title="Dutch hip-hop">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_hip-hop" title="Finnish hip-hop">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_hip-hop" title="French hip-hop">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_hip-hop" title="German hip-hop">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hip-hop" title="Greek hip-hop">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_tuga" title="Hip-hop tuga">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_hip-hop" title="Hungarian hip-hop">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_hip-hop" title="Icelandic hip-hop">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_hip-hop" title="Irish hip-hop">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_hip-hop" title="Italian hip-hop">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_hip-hop" title="Macedonian hip-hop">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin hip-hop">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian hip-hop">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_hip-hop" title="Polish hip-hop">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_hip-hop" title="Romanian hip-hop">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_hip-hop" title="Romani hip-hop">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_hip-hop" title="Russian hip-hop">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_hip-hop" title="Serbian hip-hop">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_hip-hop" title="Slovak hip-hop">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_hip-hop" title="Slovenian hip-hop">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish hip-hop">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_hip-hop" title="Swedish hip-hop">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_hip-hop" title="Swiss hip-hop">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hip-hop" title="Ukrainian hip-hop">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_hip-hop" title="Middle Eastern hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Middle Eastern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_hip-hop" title="Arabic hip-hop">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hip-hop" title="Egyptian hip-hop">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_hip-hop" title="Iranian hip-hop">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_hip-hop" title="Israeli hip-hop">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_hip-hop" title="Lebanese hip-hop">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_hip-hop" title="Palestinian hip-hop">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian hip-hop">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisian hip-hop">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_hip-hop" title="Turkish hip-hop">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_hip-hop" title="Yemeni hip-hop">Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:North_American_hip-hop" title="Category:North American hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">North American</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist inline"><b>United States:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip-hop" title="East Coast hip-hop">East Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Jersey#Hip-hop" title="Music of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City#Hip_hop" title="Music of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Philadelphia#Hip_hop" title="Music of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Hip-hop in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Music" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_hip-hop" title="Chicago hip-hop">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit#Hip-hop" title="Music of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Cities_hip-hop" title="Twin Cities hip-hop">Minneapolis/St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_hip-hop" title="Milwaukee hip-hop">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Omaha#Hip-hop" title="Music of Omaha">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_hip-hop" title="Southern hip-hop">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_hip-hop" title="Atlanta hip-hop">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_rap" title="Memphis rap">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass">Miami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_hip-hop" title="West Coast hip-hop">West Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_in_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Hip-hop in the Pacific Northwest">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_hip-hop" title="Alaskan hip-hop">Alaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_hip-hop" title="Asian American hip-hop">Asian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip-hop" title="Latin hip-hop">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_hip-hop" title="Native American hip-hop">Native American</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist inline" style="display:block"><b>Outside the US:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_hip-hop" title="Canadian hip-hop">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_hip-hop" title="Cuban hip-hop">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic#Hip_hop" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_hip-hop" title="Haitian hip-hop">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_hip-hop" title="Mexican hip-hop">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_hip-hop" title="Salvadoran hip-hop">Salvadoran</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_hip-hop" title="Category:Oceanian hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Oceanian</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_hip-hop" title="Australian hip-hop">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_hip-hop" title="New Zealand hip-hop">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_hip-hop" title="Samoan hip-hop">Samoan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:South_American_hip-hop" title="Category:South American hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">South American</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_hip-hop" title="Brazilian hip-hop">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia_hip-hop" title="Brasília hip-hop">Brasília</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile#Hip_hop_and_rap" title="Music of Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia#Colombian_urban_and_hip-hop_music" title="Music of Colombia">Colombian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune">Auto-Tune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">Contemporary R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Record player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_skit" title="Hip-hop skit">Hip-hop skit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">Music sequencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">Sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_and_social_injustice" title="Hip-hop and social injustice">Social injustice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_vixen" title="Video vixen">Video vixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partner_violence_in_hip-hop" title="Partner violence in hip-hop">Partner violence in hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_representation_in_hip-hop" title="LGBTQ representation in hip-hop">LGBTQ representation in hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip-hop" title="Feminist activism in hip-hop">Feminist activism in hip-hop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: darkblue; color: white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Hip-hop" title="Category:Hip-hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Category</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Reggae621" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: green; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reggae" title="Template:Reggae"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reggae" title="Template talk:Reggae"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reggae" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reggae"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Reggae621" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Reggae</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: green; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reggae_genres" title="Reggae genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Genres</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">Dancehall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dembow" class="mw-redirect" title="Dembow">Dembow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">Dub</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dub_poetry" title="Dub poetry">Dub poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psydub" title="Psydub">Psydub</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_reggae" title="Gospel reggae">Gospel reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovers_rock" title="Lovers rock">Lovers rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyabinghi_rhythm" title="Nyabinghi rhythm">Nyabinghi rhythm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ragga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ragga_jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragga jungle">Ragga jungle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae en Español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_fusion" title="Reggae fusion">Reggae fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C3%A9" title="Alté">Alté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragga_jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragga jungle">Ragga jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_rock" title="Reggae rock">Reggae rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_punk" title="Reggae punk">Reggae punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaestep" title="Reggaestep">Reggaestep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_reggae" title="Roots reggae">Roots reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_reggae" title="Samba reggae">Samba reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seggae" title="Seggae">Seggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singjay" title="Singjay">Singjay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-tone_(music_genre)" title="Two-tone (music genre)">Two-tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: green; color: white;;width:1%">Characteristics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delay_(audio_effect)" title="Delay (audio effect)">Delay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_drop_rhythm" title="One drop rhythm">One drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">Reverb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singjay" title="Singjay">Singjay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska_stroke" title="Ska stroke">Skank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasting_(Jamaican_music)" title="Toasting (Jamaican music)">Toasting</a> (<a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey#Reggae_deejays" title="Disc jockey">Deejay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Walking bass">Walking bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: green; color: white;;width:1%">People and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Reggae_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album">Reggae Grammy winners 1985-present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reggae_musicians" title="List of reggae musicians">Reggae musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reggae_rock_artists" title="List of reggae rock artists">Reggae rock artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reggae_fusion_artists" title="List of reggae fusion artists">Reggae fusion artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roots_reggae_artists" title="List of roots reggae artists">Roots reggae artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dub_artists" title="List of dub artists">Dub artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jamaican_record_producers" title="List of Jamaican record producers">Jamaican record producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reggae_bands_from_the_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of reggae bands from the Virgin Islands">Reggae bands from the Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: green; color: white;;width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_reggae" title="African reggae">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_music_in_Kenya" title="Reggae music in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seggae" title="Seggae">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_reggae" title="Nigerian reggae">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimdancehall" title="Zimdancehall">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_reggae" title="Australian reggae">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_reggae" title="Japanese reggae">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_reggae" title="New Zealand reggae">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_reggae" title="Pacific reggae">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_reggae" title="Pinoy reggae">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_reggae" title="Polish reggae">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_music_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Caribbean music in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: green; color: white;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reggae_festivals" title="List of reggae festivals">List of reggae festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_music_genres" title="List of Caribbean music genres">Caribbean music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_music_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Caribbean music in the United Kingdom">Caribbean music in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" title="Music of Jamaica">Music of Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">Mento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rude_boy" title="Rude boy">Rude boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">Skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suedehead_(subculture)" title="Suedehead (subculture)">Suedehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_Hall_(Jamaican)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance Hall (Jamaican)">Dance Hall (venue)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubplate" title="Dubplate">Dubplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(Jamaican)" title="Sound system (Jamaican)">Sound system (Jamaican)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(DJ)" title="Sound system (DJ)">Sound system (DJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddim" title="Riddim">Riddim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_English" title="Jamaican English">Jamaican English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Patois" title="Jamaican Patois">Jamaican Patois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_One_(record_label)" title="Studio One (record label)">Studio One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Records" title="Trojan Records">Trojan Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Beat_Records" title="Blue Beat Records">Blue Beat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: green; 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