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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9_1818" title="معاهدة 1818 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معاهدة 1818" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818-ci_il_m%C3%BCqavil%C9%99si" title="1818-ci il müqaviləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1818-ci il müqaviləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_(1818)" title="Англа-амерыканская канвенцыя (1818) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Англа-амерыканская канвенцыя (1818)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londoner_Vertrag_(1818)" title="Londoner Vertrag (1818) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Londoner Vertrag (1818)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Londres_(1818)" title="Tratado de Londres (1818) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tratado de Londres (1818)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B8" title="معاهده ۱۸۱۸ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معاهده ۱۸۱۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_de_1818" title="Convention de 1818 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Convention de 1818" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818%EB%85%84_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="1818년 조약 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1818년 조약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattato_del_1818" title="Trattato del 1818 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trattato del 1818" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%9D_1818" title="הסכם 1818 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסכם 1818" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="1818 джылгъы ингилиз-американ конвенция – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1818 джылгъы ингилиз-американ конвенция" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818-as_szerz%C5%91d%C3%A9s" title="1818-as szerződés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1818-as szerződés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdrag_van_1818" title="Verdrag van 1818 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verdrag van 1818" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konwencja_z_1818" title="Konwencja z 1818 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konwencja z 1818" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_1818" title="Tratado de 1818 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tratado de 1818" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratatul_din_1818" title="Tratatul din 1818 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tratatul din 1818" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1818)" title="Англо-американская конвенция (1818) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Англо-американская конвенция (1818)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Amerikanska_f%C3%B6rdraget" title="Anglo-Amerikanska fördraget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anglo-Amerikanska fördraget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="1818 Antlaşması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1818 Antlaşması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87p_%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_1818" title="Hiệp ước 1818 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Treaty establishing the western US–Canada border</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Treaty of 1818</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed">Convention respecting fisheries, boundary, and the restoration of slaves</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png/180px-U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png/270px-U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png/360px-U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1038" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">United States territorial border changes</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Bilateral treaty</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Context</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">Territorial cession</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">October 20, 1818</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">January 30, 1819</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281818-1819%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281818-1819%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281818-1819%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281818-1819%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281818-1819%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281818-1819%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depositary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">English</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_1818" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Treaty of 1818">Treaty of 1818</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves</b>, also known as the <b>London Convention</b>, <b>Anglo-American Convention of 1818</b>, <b>Convention of 1818</b>, or simply the <b>Treaty of 1818</b>, is an international <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> signed in 1818 between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>. This treaty resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations. The treaty allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a>, known to the British and in Canadian history as the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>, and including the southern portion of its sister district <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia_(Canada)" title="New Caledonia (Canada)">New Caledonia</a>. </p><p>The two nations agreed to a boundary line involving the <a href="/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49th parallel north</a>, in part because a straight-line boundary would be easier to survey than the pre-existing boundaries based on watersheds. The treaty marked both the United Kingdom's last permanent major loss of territory in what is now the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">Continental United States</a> and the United States' first permanent significant cession of North American territory to a foreign power, the second being the <a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty" title="Webster–Ashburton Treaty">Webster–Ashburton Treaty</a> of 1842. The British ceded all of <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> south of the 49th parallel and east of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_of_the_Americas" title="Continental Divide of the Americas">Continental Divide</a>, including all of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> south of that latitude, while the United States ceded the northernmost edge of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri Territory</a> north of the 49th parallel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provisions">Provisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_1818&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_John_Robinson,_1st_Earl_of_Ripon_by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Frederick_John_Robinson%2C_1st_Earl_of_Ripon_by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence.jpg/220px-Frederick_John_Robinson%2C_1st_Earl_of_Ripon_by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Frederick_John_Robinson%2C_1st_Earl_of_Ripon_by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence.jpg/330px-Frederick_John_Robinson%2C_1st_Earl_of_Ripon_by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Frederick_John_Robinson%2C_1st_Earl_of_Ripon_by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence.jpg/440px-Frederick_John_Robinson%2C_1st_Earl_of_Ripon_by_Sir_Thomas_Lawrence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3115" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Frederick_Robinson" title="Portrait of Frederick Robinson">Portrait of Frederick Robinson</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence" title="Thomas Lawrence">Thomas Lawrence</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The treaty name is variously cited as <i>"Convention respecting fisheries, boundary, and the restoration of slaves"</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-US_Treaties_in_Force_2005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Treaties_in_Force_2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>"Convention of Commerce (Fisheries, Boundary and the Restoration of Slaves)"</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-International_Law_Reports_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Law_Reports-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>"Convention of Commerce between His Majesty and the United States of America"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Text_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canado-American_Treaties_Text-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Summary_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canado-American_Treaties_Summary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Article I secured fishing rights along <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a> for the US.</li> <li>Article II set the boundary between <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> and the United States along "a line drawn from the most <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_point_of_the_Lake_of_the_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods">northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods</a>, [due south, then] along the <a href="/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49th parallel</a> of north latitude..." to the "Stony Mountains"<sup id="cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Text_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canado-American_Treaties_Text-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>). Britain ceded all territory south of this new boundary, including portions of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> (comprising parts of the present states of <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>). The United States ceded the portion of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a> lying north of the 49th parallel (the northernmost portion of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> watershed, including those parts of the <a href="/wiki/Milk_River_(Alberta%E2%80%93Montana)" title="Milk River (Alberta–Montana)">Milk River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poplar_River_(Montana%E2%80%93Saskatchewan)" title="Poplar River (Montana–Saskatchewan)">Poplar River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Big_Muddy_Creek_(Missouri_River_tributary)" title="Big Muddy Creek (Missouri River tributary)">Big Muddy Creek</a> watersheds in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>). The article settled a boundary dispute caused by ignorance of actual geography in the boundary agreed to in the 1783 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a>, which ended the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The earlier treaty had placed the boundary between the United States and British North America along a line extending westward from the <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_the_Woods" title="Lake of the Woods">Lake of the Woods</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>. The parties did not realize that the river did not extend that far north and so such a line would never meet the river. In fixing the problem, the 1818 treaty created a <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">pene-enclave</a> of the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Angle" title="Northwest Angle">Northwest Angle</a>, the small section of the present state of <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> that is the only part of the United States apart from Alaska that lies north of the 49th parallel.</li> <li>Article III provided for <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">joint control</a> of land in the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> for ten years. Both could use land and were guaranteed free navigation throughout.</li> <li>Article IV confirmed the Anglo-American Convention of 1815,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which regulated commerce between the two parties, for an additional ten years.</li> <li>Article V agreed to refer differences over a US claim arising from the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ghent" title="Treaty of Ghent">Treaty of Ghent</a>, which ended the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, to "some Friendly Sovereign or State to be named for that purpose." The claim in question was for the return of or compensation for <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">American slaves</a> who had escaped to British-controlled territory or <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> warships when the treaty was signed. The article in question was about handing over property, and the US government claimed that the slaves were the property of its citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Text_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canado-American_Treaties_Text-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Article VI established that ratification would occur within six months of signing the treaty.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_1818&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Treaty_of_1818" title="Special:EditPage/Treaty of 1818">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Treaty+of+1818%22">"Treaty of 1818"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Treaty+of+1818%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Treaty+of+1818%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Treaty+of+1818%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Treaty+of+1818%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Treaty+of+1818%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlbertGallatin.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/AlbertGallatin.jpeg/220px-AlbertGallatin.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/AlbertGallatin.jpeg/330px-AlbertGallatin.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/AlbertGallatin.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Albert Gallatin</a> (1848 photograph)</figcaption></figure> <p>The treaty was negotiated for the US by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Albert Gallatin</a>, ambassador to France, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a>, minister to the UK; and for the UK by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_John_Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Frederick John Robinson</a>, Treasurer of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and member of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">privy council</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Henry Goulburn</a>, an undersecretary of state.<sup id="cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Summary_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canado-American_Treaties_Summary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treaty was signed on October 20, 1818. Ratifications were exchanged on January 30, 1819.<sup id="cite_ref-US_Treaties_in_Force_2005_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Treaties_in_Force_2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Convention of 1818, along with the <a href="/wiki/Rush%E2%80%93Bagot_Treaty" title="Rush–Bagot Treaty">Rush–Bagot Treaty</a> of 1817, marked the beginning of improved relations between the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and its former colonies, and paved the way for more positive relations between the US and Canada although <a href="/wiki/Defence_Scheme_No._1" title="Defence Scheme No. 1">repelling a US invasion</a> was a defense priority in Canada until 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the relatively friendly nature of the agreement, it resulted in a fierce struggle for control of the Oregon Country for the following two decades. The British-chartered Hudson's Bay Company, having previously established a trading network centered on <a href="/wiki/Fort_Vancouver" title="Fort Vancouver">Fort Vancouver</a> on the lower Columbia River, with other forts in what is now eastern Washington and Idaho as well as on the Oregon Coast and in Puget Sound, undertook a harsh campaign to restrict encroachment by US fur traders to the area. By the 1830s, the policy of discouraging settlement was undercut to some degree by the actions of <a href="/wiki/John_McLoughlin" title="John McLoughlin">John McLoughlin</a>, Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Vancouver, who regularly provided relief and welcome to US immigrants who had arrived at the post over the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a>. </p><p>By the mid-1840s, the tide of US immigration, as well as a US political movement to claim the entire territory, led to a renegotiation of the agreement. The <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a> in 1846 permanently established the <a href="/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49th parallel</a> as the boundary between the United States and British North America to the Pacific Ocean.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_1818&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a> of 1819, between the U.S. and Spain, resolved borders from Florida to the Pacific Ocean.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty" title="Webster–Ashburton Treaty">Webster–Ashburton Treaty</a> of 1842 resolved uncertainties left by the 1818 treaty, including the Northwest Angle problem, which had been created by the use of a faulty map.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_boundary_dispute" title="Oregon boundary dispute">Oregon boundary dispute</a>, concerning the joint occupation of the Oregon Country by U.S. and British settlers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a>, which established most of the southern border between the US and Mexico after the defeat and occupation of Mexico in 1848, ending the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">The Gadsden Purchase</a>, which completed the acquisition of the southwestern United States and completed the border between Mexico and the US in 1853 at the <a href="/wiki/32nd_parallel_north" title="32nd parallel north">32nd parallel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_1818&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-US_Treaties_in_Force_2005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-US_Treaties_in_Force_2005_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_Treaties_in_Force_2005_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_State2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> (2007-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/83046.pdf"><i>Treaties In Force: A List of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States in Force on November 1, 2007. Section 1: Bilateral Treaties</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Compiled by the Treaty Affairs Staff, Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. Department of State. (2007 ed.). Washington, DC. p. 320<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treaties+In+Force%3A+A+List+of+Treaties+and+Other+International+Agreements+of+the+United+States+in+Force+on+November+1%2C+2007.+Section+1%3A+Bilateral+Treaties&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=320&rft.edition=2007&rft.date=2007-11-01&rft.au=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F83046.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+1818" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_Law_Reports-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-International_Law_Reports_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauterpacht2004" class="citation book cs1">Lauterpacht, Elihu, et al., ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assets.cambridge.org/052180/7794/excerpt/0521807794_excerpt.pdf">"Consolidated Table of Treaties, Volumes 1-125"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Elihu Lauterpacht; C. J. Greenwood; A. G. Oppenheimer; Karen Lee. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521807794"><i>International Law Reports</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-80779-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-80779-4"><bdi>0-521-80779-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consolidated+Table+of+Treaties%2C+Volumes+1-125&rft.btitle=International+Law+Reports&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-80779-4&rft.aulast=Lauterpacht&rft.aufirst=Elihu%2C+et+al.%2C+ed.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassets.cambridge.org%2F052180%2F7794%2Fexcerpt%2F0521807794_excerpt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+1818" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canado-American_Treaties_Text-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Text_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Text_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Text_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLexUM2000" class="citation web cs1">LexUM (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090411212640/http://www.lexum.umontreal.ca/ca_us/en/cus.1818.15.en.html">"Convention of Commerce between His Majesty and the United States of America.--Signed at London, 20th October, 1818"</a>. <i>Canado-American Treaties</i>. University of Montreal. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canado-American+Treaties&rft.atitle=Convention+of+Commerce+between+His+Majesty+and+the+United+States+of+America.--Signed+at+London%2C+20th+October%2C+1818&rft.date=2000&rft.au=LexUM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexum.umontreal.ca%2Fca_us%2Fen%2Fcus.1818.15.en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+1818" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canado-American_Treaties_Summary-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Summary_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canado-American_Treaties_Summary_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLexUM1999" class="citation web cs1">LexUM (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325221741/http://www.lexum.umontreal.ca/ca_us/d_212_en.html">"CUS 1818/15 Subject: Commerce"</a>. <i>Canado-American Treaties</i>. University of Montreal. Archived from the original on March 25, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canado-American+Treaties&rft.atitle=CUS+1818%2F15+Subject%3A+Commerce&rft.date=1999&rft.au=LexUM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexum.umontreal.ca%2Fca_us%2Fd_212_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+1818" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSQyAQAAMAAJ&dq=Anglo-American+Convention+of+1815&pg=RA2-PA30">Article on "The Convention of 1815", The Marine Journal, June 3, 1922</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preston, Richard A. <i>The Defence of the Undefended Border: Planning for War in North America 1867–1939</i>, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1977</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_1818&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_1818" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Treaty of 1818">Treaty of 1818</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Fisheries Question"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Fisheries_Question">"Fisheries Question" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fisheries+Question&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+1818" class="Z3988"></span> This article traces British-United States negotiations regarding <a href="/wiki/Ocean_fisheries" title="Ocean fisheries">ocean fisheries</a> from 1783 to 1910.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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(1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase (1803)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Red River Cession (1818)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty (1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">Texas Annexation (1845)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase (1853)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guano_Islands_Act" title="Guano Islands Act">Guano Islands Act (1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska Purchase (1867)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands_Resolution" title="Newlands Resolution">Annexation of Hawaii (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Convention" title="Tripartite Convention">Tripartite Convention (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Tutuila" title="Treaty of Cession of Tutuila">Treaty of Cession of Tutuila (1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Manu%27a" title="Treaty of Cession of Manu'a">Treaty of Cession of Manuʻa (1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Enabling_Act" title="Oklahoma Enabling Act">Annexation of Oklahoma (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Danish_West_Indies" title="Treaty of the Danish West Indies">Treaty of the Danish West Indies (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands#United_Nations_trusteeship" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands (1986)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquired_Lands_of_the_US.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aquired_Lands_of_the_US.svg/100px-Aquired_Lands_of_the_US.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aquired_Lands_of_the_US.svg/150px-Aquired_Lands_of_the_US.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aquired_Lands_of_the_US.svg/200px-Aquired_Lands_of_the_US.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Concept:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">Manifest destiny</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pioneer_history_of_Oregon_(1806–1890)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oregon_Pioneer_History" title="Template:Oregon Pioneer History"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oregon_Pioneer_History" title="Template talk:Oregon Pioneer History"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon_Pioneer_History" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon Pioneer History"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pioneer_history_of_Oregon_(1806–1890)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pioneer history of Oregon (1806–1890)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Fur_Company" title="American Fur Company">American Fur Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Committee_(Oregon_Country)" title="Executive Committee (Oregon Country)">Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_ferries_in_Oregon" title="Historic ferries in Oregon">Ferries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_and_California_Railroad" title="Oregon and California Railroad">Oregon & California Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_boundary_dispute" title="Oregon boundary dispute">Oregon boundary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Lyceum" title="Oregon Lyceum">Oregon Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_missionaries" title="Oregon missionaries">Oregon missionaries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Spectator" title="Oregon Spectator">Oregon Spectator</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Laws_of_Oregon" title="Organic Laws of Oregon">Organic Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fur_Company" title="Pacific Fur Company">Pacific Fur Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Oregon" title="Provisional Government of Oregon">Provisional Government</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Provisional Government of Oregon seal"><img alt="Provisional Government of Oregon seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png/49px-Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png/74px-Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png/98px-Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Treaty of 1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-American_Treaty_of_1824" title="Russo-American Treaty of 1824">Russo-American Treaty of 1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Cattle_Company" title="Willamette Cattle Company">Willamette Cattle Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champoeg_Meetings" title="Champoeg Meetings">Champoeg Meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Oregon_(event)" title="Star of Oregon (event)">Star of Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_massacre" title="Whitman massacre">Whitman massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuse_War" title="Cayuse War">Cayuse War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_Land_Claim_Act" title="Donation Land Claim Act">Donation Land Claim Act</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holmes_v._Ford" title="Holmes v. Ford">Holmes v. Ford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_River_Wars" title="Rogue River Wars">Rogue River Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Constitutional_Convention" title="Oregon Constitutional Convention">Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_War" title="Modoc War">Modoc War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Gale_of_1880" title="Great Gale of 1880">Great Gale of 1880</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albina,_Oregon" title="Albina, Oregon">Albina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applegate_Trail" title="Applegate Trail">Applegate Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barlow_Road" title="Barlow Road">Barlow Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canemah,_Oregon" title="Canemah, Oregon">Canemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champoeg,_Oregon" title="Champoeg, Oregon">Champoeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Cutoff" title="Elliott Cutoff">Elliott Cutoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Astoria" title="Fort Astoria">Fort Astoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dalles" title="Fort Dalles">Fort Dalles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Vancouver" title="Fort Vancouver">Fort Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_William_(Oregon)" title="Fort William (Oregon)">Fort William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Prairie" title="French Prairie">French Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_City,_Oregon" title="Linn City, Oregon">Linn City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meek_Cutoff" title="Meek Cutoff">Meek Cutoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Mission_in_Oregon" title="Methodist Mission in Oregon">Methodist Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_City,_Oregon" title="Oregon City, Oregon">Oregon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Institute" title="Oregon Institute">Oregon Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Foster_Farm" title="Philip Foster Farm">Philip Foster Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_and_Ruckle_Road" title="Thomas and Ruckle Road">Thomas and Ruckle Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tualatin_Academy" title="Tualatin Academy">Tualatin Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_Mission_National_Historic_Site" title="Whitman Mission National Historic Site">Whitman Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Trading_Post" title="Willamette Trading Post">Willamette Trading Post</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abernethy" title="George Abernethy">George Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Applegate" title="Jesse Applegate">Jesse Applegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Babcock" title="Ira Babcock">Ira Babcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Barlow_(pioneer)" title="Sam Barlow (pioneer)">Sam Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Norbert_Blanchet" title="François Norbert Blanchet">François Blanchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Boring" title="William H. Boring">William H. Boring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Bristow" title="Elijah Bristow">Elijah Bristow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabitha_Moffatt_Brown" title="Tabitha Moffatt Brown">Tabitha Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Deady" title="Matthew Deady">Matthew Deady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Scott_Duniway" title="Abigail Scott Duniway">Abigail Scott Duniway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lamb_Eliot" title="Thomas Lamb Eliot">Thomas Lamb Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Foster" title="Philip Foster">Philip Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_French" title="Peter French">Peter French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gale" title="Joseph Gale">Joseph Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Gilliam" title="Cornelius Gilliam">Cornelius Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hill_(Oregon_politician)" title="David Hill (Oregon politician)">David Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Joseph" title="Chief Joseph">Chief Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kellogg" title="Joseph Kellogg">Joseph Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._G._Lee" title="Henry A. G. Lee">H.A.G. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Lee_(missionary)" title="Jason Lee (missionary)">Jason Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Thomas_Lenox" title="David Thomas Lenox">David Thomas Lenox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Lovejoy" title="Asa Lovejoy">Asa Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_M._McCarver" title="Morton M. McCarver">Morton M. McCarver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLoughlin" title="John McLoughlin">John McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Meek" title="Joseph Meek">Joseph Meek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker">Ezra Meeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Miller" title="James D. Miller">James D. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Minto_(Oregon_pioneer)" title="John Minto (Oregon pioneer)">John Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Newell_(politician)" title="Robert Newell (politician)">Robert Newell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Palmer" title="Joel Palmer">Joel Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Russell" title="Osborne Russell">Osborne Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sager_orphans" title="Sager orphans">Sager orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Scott_(Oregon_politician)" title="Levi Scott (Oregon politician)">Levi Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Hart_Spalding" title="Eliza Hart Spalding">Eliza Hart Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Spalding" title="Henry H. Spalding">Henry Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vandevert" title="William Vandevert">William Vandevert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_White" title="Elijah White">Elijah White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Whitman" title="Marcus Whitman">Marcus Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissa_Whitman" title="Narcissa Whitman">Narcissa Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Williams" title="George Henry Williams">Geo. H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewing_Young" title="Ewing Young">Ewing Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(sidewheeler_1850)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia (sidewheeler 1850)"><i>Columbia</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lot_Whitcomb_(sidewheeler)" title="Lot Whitcomb (sidewheeler)">Lot Whitcomb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canemah_(sidewheeler)" title="Canemah (sidewheeler)"><i>Canemah</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colonel_Wright_(sternwheeler)" title="Colonel Wright (sternwheeler)">Colonel Wright</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(sidewheeler_1854)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazelle (sidewheeler 1854)">Gazelle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Steam_Navigation_Company" title="Oregon Steam Navigation Company">Oregon Steam Navigation Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oregon" title="History of Oregon">Oregon history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_peoples_of_Oregon" title="Native American peoples of Oregon">Native peoples history</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_history_to_1806&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oregon history to 1806 (page does not exist)">History to 1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_pioneer_history" title="Oregon pioneer history">Pioneer history</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_modern_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oregon modern history (page does not exist)">Modern history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="James_Monroe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:James_Monroe" title="Template:James Monroe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:James_Monroe" title="Template talk:James Monroe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:James_Monroe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:James Monroe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="James_Monroe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">5th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1817–1825)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">5th</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> (1811–1817)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">United States Secretary of War</a> (1814–1815)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Virginia" title="List of governors of Virginia">12th and 16th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a> (1799–1802, 1811)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom">U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom</a> (1803–1808)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_France" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to France">U.S. Minister to France</a> (1794–1796)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">U.S. Senator from Virginia</a> (1790–1794)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a> (1783–1786)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Ratifying_Convention" title="Virginia Ratifying Convention">Virginia Ratifying Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe" title="Presidency of James Monroe">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_James_Monroe" title="First inauguration of James Monroe">First inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_James_Monroe" title="Second inauguration of James Monroe">Second inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Florida Treaty</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Treaty of 1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1819" title="Panic of 1819">Panic of 1819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Good_Feelings" title="Era of Good Feelings">Era of Good Feelings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars" title="Seminole Wars">Seminole Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1824" title="Tariff of 1824">Tariff of 1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1824 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe#Administration_and_cabinet" title="James Monroe">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_James_Monroe" title="List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe">Federal judiciary appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other noted<br />accomplisments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Negotiated the Louisiana Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe%E2%80%93Pinkney_Treaty" title="Monroe–Pinkney Treaty">Monroe–Pinkney Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe#Early_life" title="James Monroe">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe_Family_Home_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="James Monroe Family Home Site">Birthplace and boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe#Military_service_in_the_Revolutionary_War_and_serious_wounding" title="James Monroe">Revolutionary War service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_College_at_Monroe_Hill#Activities_and_history" title="Brown College at Monroe Hill">Monroe Hill home and office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe_Law_Office" title="James Monroe Law Office">James Monroe Law Office, Museum, and Memorial Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_(James_Monroe_house)" title="Highland (James Monroe house)">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill_(James_Monroe_house)" title="Oak Hill (James Monroe house)">Oak Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe_Tomb" title="James Monroe Tomb">James Monroe Tomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1789_Virginia%27s_5th_congressional_district_election" title="1789 Virginia's 5th congressional district election">1789 Virginia's 5th congressional district election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_and_1791_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 and 1791 United States Senate elections">1790 and 1791 U.S. Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_and_1793_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1792 and 1793 United States Senate elections">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia election, 1799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">U.S. presidential election, 1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br />popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_James_Monroe" title="Bibliography of James Monroe">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_James_Monroe" title="List of memorials to James Monroe">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia, capital of Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_New_York" title="Monroe, New York">Monroe, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Georgia" title="Monroe, Georgia">Monroe, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Kentucky" title="Monroe County, Kentucky">Monroe County, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe County, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe Township, (Northern) New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Gloucester_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey">Monroe Township, (Southern) New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Monroe" title="Mount Monroe">Mount Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Park" title="Monroe Park">Monroe Park</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton,_December_26,_1776" title="The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776">The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776</a></i> (painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i> (1851 paintings)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Hill" title="Monroe Hill"><i>Monroe Hill</i></a> (2015 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#James_Monroe" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar">Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_President_Monroe_(AP-104)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS President Monroe (AP-104)">USS <i>President Monroe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_James_Monroe_(SSBN-622)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS James Monroe (SSBN-622)">USS <i>James Monroe</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe#Slavery" title="James Monroe">Monroe on slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Colonization_Society" title="American Colonization Society">American Colonization Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_(Keswick,_Virginia)" title="Limestone (Keswick, Virginia)">Limestone plantation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Monroe" title="Elizabeth Monroe">Elizabeth Kortright</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hay_(Virginia_judge)" title="George Hay (Virginia judge)">George Hay</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Gouverneur" title="Samuel L. Gouverneur">Samuel L. Gouverneur</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">← James Madison</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:James_Monroe" title="Category:James Monroe">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Quincy_Adams" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Quincy_Adams" title="Template:John Quincy Adams"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Quincy_Adams" title="Template talk:John Quincy Adams"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Quincy_Adams" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Quincy Adams"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Quincy_Adams" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 8th congressional district">MA–8</a> (1843–1848)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">MA–12</a> (1833–1843)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">MA–11</a> (1831–1833)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">6th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1825–1829)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">8th</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> (1817–1825)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom">U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom</a> (1814–1817)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Russia" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Russia">U.S. Minister to Russia</a> (1809–1814)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. Senator from Massachusetts</a> (1803–1808)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Germany" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Germany">U.S. Minister to Prussia</a> (1797–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_Netherlands" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the Netherlands">U.S. Minister to the Netherlands</a> (1794–1797)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams#Presidency_(1825–1829)" title="John Quincy Adams">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Inauguration of John Quincy Adams">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_System_(economic_plan)" title="American System (economic plan)">American System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_improvements" title="Internal improvements">Internal improvements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_Abominations" title="Tariff of Abominations">Tariff of 1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Treaty_of_Prairie_du_Chien" title="First Treaty of Prairie du Chien">First Treaty of Prairie du Chien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fond_du_Lac#1826_Treaty_of_Fond_du_Lac" title="Treaty of Fond du Lac">Treaty of Fond du Lac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Limits_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)" title="Treaty of Limits (Mexico–United States)">Treaty of Limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Observatory#History" title="United States Naval Observatory">United States Naval Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1825_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1825 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1825</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1827_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1827 State of the Union Address">1827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1828 State of the Union Address">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_Quincy_Adams" title="List of federal judges appointed by John Quincy Adams">Federal judiciary appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine, author</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ghent" title="Treaty of Ghent">Treaty of Ghent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Treaty of 1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1832" title="Tariff of 1832">Tariff of 1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution#Founding" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._The_Amistad" title="United States v. The Amistad"><i>United States v. The Amistad</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mendi_Bible" title="Mendi Bible">Mendi Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">President, American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Institute_for_the_Promotion_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences">President, Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams#Diaries" title="John Quincy Adams">Lifelong diary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Historical_Society#Collections" title="Massachusetts Historical Society">Massachusetts Historical Society holdings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Papers_Editorial_Project" title="Adams Papers Editorial Project">Adams Papers Editorial Project</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams#Early_life,_education,_and_early_career" title="John Quincy Adams">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams_Cairn" title="Abigail Adams Cairn">Abigail Adams Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_and_abolitionism" title="John Quincy Adams and abolitionism">John Quincy Adams and abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_National_Historical_Park" title="Adams National Historical Park">Adams National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_Birthplace" title="John Quincy Adams Birthplace">Birthplace and family home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacefield" title="Peacefield">Peacefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_National_Historical_Park#Stone_Library" title="Adams National Historical Park">Stone Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_First_Parish_Church" title="United First Parish Church">United First Parish Church and gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Electoral history of John Quincy Adams">Electoral history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Senate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1803_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1803 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1808 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1808</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential runs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrupt_Bargain#Election_of_1824" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrupt Bargain">Corrupt Bargain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Bibliography of John Quincy Adams">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Memorial" title="Adams Memorial">Adams Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Adams House (Harvard College)">Adams House at Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar">Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Quincy_Adams_(Fairweather_Range)" title="Mount Quincy Adams (Fairweather Range)">Mount Quincy Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_President_Adams_(APA-19)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS President Adams (APA-19)">USS <i>President Adams</i></a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_Adams_(SSBN-620)" title="USS John Adams (SSBN-620)">USS <i>John Adams</i></a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster-Adams_Bilingual_School" title="Oyster-Adams Bilingual School">Oyster-Adams Bilingual School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage" title="Profiles in Courage"><i>Profiles in Courage</i> (1957 book)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage_(TV_series)" title="Profiles in Courage (TV series)">1965 television series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adams_Chronicles" title="The Adams Chronicles"><i>The Adams Chronicles</i> (1976 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Amistad" title="Mutiny on the Amistad"><i>Mutiny on the Amistad</i> (1987 book)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amistad_(film)" title="Amistad (film)"><i>Amistad</i> (1997 film) </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(book)" title="John Adams (book)"><i>John Adams</i> (2001 book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(miniseries)" title="John Adams (miniseries)">2008 miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adams_political_family" title="Adams political family">Adams political family</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Quincy_political_family" title="Quincy political family">Quincy family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Adams" title="Louisa Adams">Louisa Adams</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Adams" title="George Washington Adams">George Washington Adams</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles Francis Adams Sr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_II" title="John Adams II">John Adams II</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Henry Adams</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Adams" title="Brooks Adams">Brooks Adams</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_II" title="John Quincy Adams II">John Quincy Adams II</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> <ul><li>father</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">presidency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a> <ul><li>mother</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_political_family" title="Quincy political family">Quincy political family</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams_Smith" title="Abigail Adams Smith">Abigail Adams Smith</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Adams_(1770%E2%80%931800)" title="Charles Adams (1770–1800)">Charles Adams</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boylston_Adams_(1772%E2%80%931832)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Boylston Adams (1772–1832)">Thomas Boylston Adams</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Sr." title="John Adams Sr.">John Adams Sr.</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Boylston" title="Susanna Boylston">Susanna Boylston</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy" title="John Quincy">John Quincy</a> (great-grandfather)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Patriot_Ledger" title="The Patriot Ledger"><i>Quincy Patriot</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_(Bingham)" title="John Quincy Adams (Bingham)"><i>John Quincy Adams</i> (Bingham)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">← 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