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barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Ekialde+Hurbila" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Ekialde+Hurbila" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Ekialde+Hurbila" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Izena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Izena azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Izena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ekialde_Ertaina_eta_Ekialde_Hurbila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekialde_Ertaina_eta_Ekialde_Hurbila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><i>Ekialde Ertaina</i> eta <i>Ekialde Hurbila</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekialde_Ertaina_eta_Ekialde_Hurbila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beste_izendapen_batzuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beste_izendapen_batzuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Beste izendapen batzuk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beste_izendapen_batzuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Geografia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mugapenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mugapenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mugapenak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mugapenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banaketa_geografikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banaketa_geografikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Banaketa geografikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banaketa_geografikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiru_nagusiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiru_nagusiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Hiru nagusiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiru_nagusiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asimilazio_kulturala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asimilazio_kulturala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Asimilazio kulturala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asimilazio_kulturala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erlijioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erlijioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erlijioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erlijioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hizkuntzak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hizkuntzak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hizkuntzak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hizkuntzak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eskualdeko_geopolitika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eskualdeko_geopolitika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eskualdeko geopolitika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eskualdeko_geopolitika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eskualdeko_lankidetza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eskualdeko_lankidetza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eskualdeko lankidetza</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eskualdeko_lankidetza-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Eskualdeko lankidetza azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eskualdeko_lankidetza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arabiar_Liga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabiar_Liga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Arabiar Liga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabiar_Liga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golkoko_Lankidetza_Kontseilua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golkoko_Lankidetza_Kontseilua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Golkoko Lankidetza Kontseilua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golkoko_Lankidetza_Kontseilua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lankidetza_Islamikoaren_Erakundea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lankidetza_Islamikoaren_Erakundea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Lankidetza Islamikoaren Erakundea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lankidetza_Islamikoaren_Erakundea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekialde_Hurbilaren_militarizazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekialde_Hurbilaren_militarizazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ekialde Hurbilaren militarizazioa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekialde_Hurbilaren_militarizazioa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ekialde Hurbilaren militarizazioa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekialde_Hurbilaren_militarizazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arma_nuklearren_debekuari_buruzko_ituna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arma_nuklearren_debekuari_buruzko_ituna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Arma nuklearren debekuari buruzko ituna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arma_nuklearren_debekuari_buruzko_ituna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ekialde Hurbila</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 100 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabye_Ooste" title="Nabye Ooste – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nabye Ooste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittlerer_Osten" title="Mittlerer Osten – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mittlerer Osten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Proximo" title="Orient Proximo – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orient Proximo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%89" title="الشرق الأدنى – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشرق الأدنى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="الشرق الاقرب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الشرق الاقرب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_pr%C3%B3ximu" title="Oriente próximu – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oriente próximu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="ГӀагараб Машрикъ – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀагараб Машрикъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yax%C4%B1n_%C5%9E%C9%99rq" title="Yaxın Şərq – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaxın Şərq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82" title="یاخین شرق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاخین شرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Яҡын Көнсығыш – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яҡын Көнсығыш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C4%97m%C4%97%CC%84j%C4%97_R%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Artėmė̄jė Rītā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Artėmė̄jė Rītā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Блізкі Усход – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Блізкі Усход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%8E%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Блізкі Ўсход – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Блізкі Ўсход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Parak" title="Timur Parak – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Timur Parak" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cema_Koron" title="Cema Koron – bambarera" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Cema Koron" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="নিকট প্রাচ্য – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকট প্রাচ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reter-Nesa%C3%B1" title="Reter-Nesañ – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reter-Nesañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bliski istok" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim" title="Orient Pròxim – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orient Pròxim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гергара Малхбале – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гергара Малхбале" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaq%C4%B1n_%C5%9Earq" title="Yaqın Şarq – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yaqın Şarq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%ADzk%C3%BD_v%C3%BDchod" title="Blízký východ – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Blízký východ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Dwyrain_Agos" title="Y Dwyrain Agos – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Dwyrain Agos" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rorienten" title="Nærorienten – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nærorienten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naher_Osten" title="Naher Osten – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Naher Osten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocvet%C4%B1%C5%9Fo_Nezdi" title="Rocvetışo Nezdi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rocvetışo Nezdi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Εγγύς Ανατολή – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγγύς Ανατολή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Near East" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proksima_Oriento" title="Proksima Oriento – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Proksima Oriento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Pr%C3%B3ximo" title="Oriente Próximo – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oriente Próximo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="خاور نزدیک – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاور نزدیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proche-Orient" title="Proche-Orient – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Proche-Orient" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarahyres%E1%BA%BD_Ag%CC%83uigua" title="Kuarahyresẽ Ag̃uigua – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarahyresẽ Ag̃uigua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91" title="המזרח הקרוב – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המזרח הקרוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bliski istok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_wuchod" title="Bliski wuchod – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bliski wuchod" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Մերձավոր Արևելք – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերձավոր Արևելք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Մերձաւոր Արեւելք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մերձաւոր Արեւելք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Dekat" title="Timur Dekat – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Timur Dekat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asideg_a_Daya" title="Asideg a Daya – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Asideg a Daya" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гаргара Малхбоале – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Гаргара Малхбоале" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxim_Oriento" title="Proxim Oriento – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Proxim Oriento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austurl%C3%B6nd_n%C3%A6r" title="Austurlönd nær – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Austurlönd nær" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicino_Oriente" title="Vicino Oriente – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vicino Oriente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近東" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ახლო აღმოსავლეთი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახლო აღმოსავლეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D3%80%D1%8D_%D0%93%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83" title="КъуэкӀыпӀэ Гъунэгъу – kabardiera" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="КъуэкӀыпӀэ Гъунэгъу" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%83_%D0%A8%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Таяу Шығыс – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Таяу Шығыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EB%8F%99" title="근동 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Матісь Асыввыв – komi-permyakera" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Матісь Асыввыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permyakera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojhilata_N%C3%AAz%C3%AEk" title="Rojhilata Nêzîk – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rojhilata Nêzîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Жакынкы Чыгыш – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жакынкы Чыгыш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ves%C3%AC_Ori%C3%A8nt" title="Vesì Oriènt – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vesì Oriènt" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artimieji_Rytai" title="Artimieji Rytai – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Artimieji Rytai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vid%C4%93jie_Austrumi" title="Vidējie Austrumi – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vidējie Austrumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsinanana_Akaiky" title="Atsinanana Akaiky – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Atsinanana Akaiky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Близок Исток – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Близок Исток" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Dekat" title="Timur Dekat – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timur Dekat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nege_Oosten" title="Nege Oosten – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nege Oosten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabije_Oosten" title="Nabije Oosten – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nabije Oosten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_n%C3%A6re_Austen" title="Det nære Austen – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det nære Austen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_n%C3%A6re_%C3%B8sten" title="Det nære østen – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det nære østen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B2che_Orient" title="Pròche Orient – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pròche Orient" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%BD" title="Æввахс Хурыскæсæн – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æввахс Хурыскæсæн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proche-Oryint" title="Proche-Oryint – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Proche-Oryint" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medl_Eist" title="Medl Eist – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Medl Eist" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_Wsch%C3%B3d" title="Bliski Wschód – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bliski Wschód" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%96%D8%AF%DB%90_%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%81" title="نږدې ختیځ – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نږدې ختیځ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Pr%C3%B3ximo" title="Oriente Próximo – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oriente Próximo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientul_Apropiat" title="Orientul Apropiat – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orientul Apropiat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Ближний Восток – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ближний Восток" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Близкый Выход – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Близкый Выход" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Ближнэй Восток – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ближнэй Восток" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bliski istok" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C" title="මෑත පෙරදිග – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මෑත පෙරදිග" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Near East" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%ADzky_v%C3%BDchod" title="Blízky východ – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Blízky východ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bli%C5%BEnji_vzhod" title="Bližnji vzhod – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bližnji vzhod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bariga_Dhow" title="Bariga Dhow – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bariga Dhow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindja_e_Af%C3%ABrt" title="Lindja e Afërt – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lindja e Afërt" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Блиски исток – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Блиски исток" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten" title="Främre Orienten – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Främre Orienten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_Wesch%C5%8Dd" title="Bliski Weschōd – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bliski Weschōd" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="அண்மைக் கிழக்கு – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அண்மைக் கிழக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Шарқи Наздик – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шарқи Наздик" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89" title="ตะวันออกใกล้ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตะวันออกใกล้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak%C4%B1n_Do%C4%9Fu" title="Yakın Doğu – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yakın Doğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Якын Көнчыгыш – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Якын Көнчыгыш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Близький Схід – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Близький Схід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="مشرق قریب – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشرق قریب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqin_Sharq" title="Yaqin Sharq – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaqin Sharq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Pr%C3%B2simo" title="Oriente Pròsimo – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Oriente Pròsimo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Cận Đông – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cận Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harani_nga_Sinirangan" title="Harani nga Sinirangan – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Harani nga Sinirangan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penku_gu_Jege" title="Penku gu Jege – wolofera" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Penku gu Jege" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%9C" title="近东 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="近东" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="არხო ბჟაეიოლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არხო ბჟაეიოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="近東" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ABn-tang" title="Kīn-tang – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kīn-tang" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="近東" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48214#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> 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href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Ekialde_Hurbila" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Ekialde_Hurbila" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&oldid=9841603" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Ekialde_Hurbila&id=9841603&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEkialde_Hurbila"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEkialde_Hurbila"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ekialde+Hurbila"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Near_East" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48214" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ekialde_Hurbila&params=32.8_N_35.6_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:Earth"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.8°N 35.6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.8; 35.6</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(«<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Ertain&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekialde Ertain">Ekialde Ertain</a>» orritik birbideratua)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em;line-height:normal; width:23.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn org" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #e7dcc3; padding:3px;">Ekialde Hurbila</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Mota</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/wiki/Erregio" title="Erregio">eskualde geografiko</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eskualde_kultural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eskualde kultural (sortu gabe)">eskualde kultural</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e7dcc3;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Middle_east.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Middle_east.jpg/285px-Middle_east.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Middle_east.jpg/428px-Middle_east.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Middle_east.jpg/570px-Middle_east.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="938" /></a></span> <a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="250" data-zoom="9" data-lat="32.8" data-lon="35.6" data-overlays="["_b1d4426382eb33f798b6b14665a82ec3d5b6c7f0"]" href="/wiki/Berezi:Map/9/32.8/35.6/eu"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,32.8,35.6,280x250.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Ekialde_Hurbila&revid=9841603&groups=_b1d4426382eb33f798b6b14665a82ec3d5b6c7f0" width="280" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,32.8,35.6,280x250@2x.png?lang=eu&domain=eu.wikipedia.org&title=Ekialde_Hurbila&revid=9841603&groups=_b1d4426382eb33f798b6b14665a82ec3d5b6c7f0 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Koordenatu_geografiko_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordenatu geografiko sistema">Koordenatuak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8629292">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ekialde_Hurbila&params=32.8_N_35.6_E_region:_type:_scale:_dim:_globe:Earth"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.8°N 35.6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.8; 35.6</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Honen parte da</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Near_and_Middle_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Near and Middle East (sortu gabe)">The Near and Middle East</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11367199?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ekialde Hurbila</b> <a href="/wiki/Eurafrasia" title="Eurafrasia">Eurafrasiako</a> zati bat da, <a href="/wiki/Mediterraneoa" title="Mediterraneoa">Mediterraneo</a> itsasoaren eta <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanen</a> arteko mugak ebazten duen lerroaren artean dagoena.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekialde Hurbila <a href="/wiki/Hego-mendebaldeko_Asia" title="Hego-mendebaldeko Asia">Hego-mendebaldeko Asiaren</a> zati bat da, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiako</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transkaukasia" title="Transkaukasia">Transkaukasia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egiptoko</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinai" title="Sinai">Sinai</a> aintzat hartuta. </p><p>«Ekialde Hurbila» edo «Ekialde Ertaina» terminoek ez dituzte argi eta garbi bereizitako bi eremu geografiko izendatzen; hau da, <a href="/wiki/Ekialde" title="Ekialde">ekialderantz</a> abiatuta ezin da irudikatu lehenik Ekialde Hurbilera, gero Ekialde Ertainera eta, azkenik, <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Urruna" title="Ekialde Urruna">Ekialde Urrunera</a> iritsiko ginatekeenik. Termino horiek ―hori da, XIX. eta XX. mendeetatik aurrera Britainia Handiko Kanpo Arazoetarako eta <a href="/wiki/Commonwealtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealtha">Commonwealtheko</a> Bulegoaren «Ekialde Ertaina» eta Frantziako Kanpo Arazoetako Ministerioaren «Ekialde Hurbila»― espazio bera izendatzen dute. </p><p>Eremu horretan sartzen dira, gutxienez, <a href="/wiki/Ilgora_Emankorra" title="Ilgora Emankorra">Ilgora Emankorra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania">Jordania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinako_Estatua" title="Palestinako Estatua">Palestina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a>), <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabiar Penintsula</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>) eta <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Nilo ibaiaren</a> <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egiptoko</a> arroa. Batzuetan, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> gehitzen dira (<a href="/wiki/Britainiar_Inperioa" title="Britainiar Inperioa">Britainiar Inperioaren</a> definizioaren arabera). <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuek</a> bertan sartzen dituzte, baita ere, <a href="/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb">Magrebeko</a> estatuak (<a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbil_Handia" title="Ekialde Hurbil Handia">Ekialde Hurbil Handiaren</a> proiektuak erakusten duen gisan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zenbait talde <a href="/wiki/Kultura" title="Kultura">kultural</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia">etniko</a> biltzen ditu, besteak beste <a href="/wiki/Persiar" title="Persiar">persiarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar" title="Arabiar">arabiarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkiar" title="Turkiar">turkiarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu">kurdua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armeniar" title="Armeniar">armeniarra</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Israeldar" title="Israeldar">israeldarra</a> barne. Hiru hizkuntza talde nagusiak dira <a href="/wiki/Irandar_hizkuntzak" title="Irandar hizkuntzak">irandar hizkuntzak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkiar_hizkuntzak" title="Turkiar hizkuntzak">turkiarrak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_semitikoak" title="Hizkuntza semitikoak">semitikoak</a> (besteak beste <a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amharera" title="Amharera">amharera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hebreera" title="Hebreera">hebreera</a>). Ekialde Hurbilaren eskualdea, erreferentzia liburuetan eskuarki erabiltzen den gisan, honela definitzen da: «<a href="/wiki/Hego-mendebaldeko_Asia" title="Hego-mendebaldeko Asia">Hego-mendebaldeko Asiako</a> herrialdeak, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Irandik</a> <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egiptoraino»</a>. Ondorioz, <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinai" title="Sinai">Sinai</a> penintsula <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a> duelarik, Ekialde Hurbilaren partaidetzat hartzen da. </p><p>Alfred Mahan teorialari militarrari egozten zaio «Ekialde Ertain» esamoldea asmatzea, 1902an.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izena">Izena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Izena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekialde_Ertaina_eta_Ekialde_Hurbila"><i>Ekialde Ertaina</i> eta <i>Ekialde Hurbila</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekialde Ertaina eta Ekialde Hurbila»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ekialde Ertaina eta Ekialde Hurbila"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekialde Ertaineko nozio <a href="/wiki/Geopolitika" title="Geopolitika">geopolitikoa</a> XIX. mendearen amaieran eta XX. mendearen hasieran eratu zuten europarrek.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Termino eurozentrista bat da,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hau da, europarren ikuspegi baten arabera sortua, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> menderatzeko proiektu bati lotuta baitzegoen. Proiektu horrek kontinente horretako hiru eskualde handitan banatzen du:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Urruna" title="Ekialde Urruna">Ekialde Urruna</a> (agertuko den lehen nozioa), <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Ertaina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekialde Ertaina">Ekialde Ertaina</a> eta Ekialde Hurbila. Horrela, Ekialde Ertainaren lehen aipamenak <a href="/wiki/Britainiar_Inperioa" title="Britainiar Inperioa">britainiarren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Errusiako_Inperioa" title="Errusiako Inperioa">errusiarren</a> inperialismoen arteko lehian kokatzen dira.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>David Cumin nazioarteko harremanetako ikertzaileak adierazi izan du Mendebaldea modu paraleloan banatzea, hau da, Mendebalde Urrun, Mendebalde Ertain eta Mendebalde Hurbil batean, ekialdetarren ikuspegia islatuko lukeena, ez duela zentzurik.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerraren</a> aurretik, <i>Near East</i> («Ekialde Hurbila») <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesez</a> erabiltzen zen <a href="/wiki/Balkanak" title="Balkanak">Balkanez</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">Otomandar Inperioaz</a> hitz egiteko; <i>Middle East</i> («Ekialde Ertaina»), berriz, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia">Kaukasiaz</a> mintzatzeko. <i>Far East</i> («<a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Urruna" title="Ekialde Urruna">Ekialde Urruna»</a>), berriz, <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Asia" title="Ekialdeko Asia">ekialdeko Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> beste <a href="/wiki/Estatu_burujabe" title="Estatu burujabe">herrialde</a> batzuk aipatzeko. </p><p>Estatu Batuak 1917an Europako giroan sartu zirenean, <i>Near East</i> terminoa ia guztiz baztertu zen: <a href="/wiki/Washington" title="Washington">Washingtondik</a> begiratuta, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> ez daude batere «hurbil». Ondorioz, Ekialde Ertaina (<i>Middle East</i>) adierazpena asmatu zen <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">Otomandar Inperioa</a> desegin ondoren sortutako estatu berriak izendatzeko. Hala ere, Ekialde Hurbila (<i>Near East</i>) diziplina akademiko ugaritan erabiltzen da, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Arkeologia" title="Arkeologia">arkeologian</a> eta antzinako historian, nahiz <i>Middle East</i> terminoak izendatzen duen espazio bera deskribatzen duen. <i>Middle East</i> agertu zen <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantziak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batuak</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazioen_Liga" title="Nazioen Liga">Nazioen Ligaren</a> mandatua jaso zutenean, <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerraren</a> ostean alemaniar eta otomandar lurrak administratzeko. </p><p>Dena dela, ingelesez gero eta hedatuago dago <i>Middle East</i> moldea, ziurrenik mundu mailako botere ardatz geoestrategiko eta militarra <a href="/wiki/Britainia_Handia" title="Britainia Handia">Britainia Handitik</a> <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuetara</a> mugitu zelarik hurbiltasunaren ikuspegia aldatu egin delako.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Euskaraz, ikertzaile, hedabide eta idazle gehienek «Ekialde Hurbil» moldea hobesten dute, «Ekialde Ertain» moldearen aurretik.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beste_izendapen_batzuk">Beste izendapen batzuk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Beste izendapen batzuk»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Beste izendapen batzuk"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>«Ekialde Ertain» adierazpenaren anbiguotasuna saihestu nahirik, geografo batzuek <a href="/wiki/Hego-mendebaldeko_Asia" title="Hego-mendebaldeko Asia">Hego-mendebaldeko Asia</a> zabaltzen saiatu izan dira, arrakasta handirik gabe. Beste izendapen batzuk ere erabili izan dira, hala nola «<a href="/wiki/Hego-mendebaldeko_Asia" title="Hego-mendebaldeko Asia">Mendebaldeko Asia»</a> (<i><span lang="en">West Asia</span></i>), <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> termino zabalduena, bai gobernuaren aldetik,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bai <a href="/wiki/Komunikabide" title="Komunikabide">hedabideen</a> aldetik.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>«<a href="/wiki/Arabiar_mundua" title="Arabiar mundua">Arabiar mundua»</a> erabiltzen da zenbait testuingurutan, baina ez da Ekialde Hurbilaren baliokidea, ez baititu barne hartzen Ekialde Hurbileko populazio ez-arabiarrak: <a href="/wiki/Turkiar_herriak" title="Turkiar herriak">turkiar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persiar" title="Persiar">persiar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu">kurdu,</a> <a href="/wiki/Israeldar" title="Israeldar">israeldar</a> gehienak. </p><p>«Ekialde Ertaina – <a href="/wiki/Iparraldeko_Afrika" title="Iparraldeko Afrika">Iparraldeko Afrika»</a> (<i><span lang="en">Middle East-North Africa</span></i> [MENA]), batzuetan erabiltzen den terminoa, <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Marokotik</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranera</a> doan eremua hartzen du. Antzeko terminorik arruntena <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbil_Handia" title="Ekialde Hurbil Handia">Ekialde</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbil_Handia" title="Ekialde Hurbil Handia">Hurbil Handia</a> da (<i><span lang="en">Greater Middle East</span></i>), nahiz lauso samarra den. Inperio eta <a href="/wiki/Zibilizazio" title="Zibilizazio">zibilizazioen</a> historia elkartu bat adierazten du, eta bertan sartzen dira <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Grezia" title="Antzinako Grezia">grekoen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">erromatarren</a> zibilizazioa, <a href="/wiki/Persiar_Inperioa" title="Persiar Inperioa">persiarrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_mundua" title="Arabiar mundua">arabiar mundu</a> zabala eta <a href="/wiki/Turkiar_herriak" title="Turkiar herriak">turkiar</a> <a href="/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman">musulmanak</a> ezarri ziren lehen eskualdeak. Horren barruan sartzen dira <a href="/wiki/Iparraldeko_Afrika" title="Iparraldeko Afrika">Iparraldeko Afrika</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistango</a> mendebalderaino eta <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistango</a> ekialderaino. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Geografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Carte_du_Moyen-Orient2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carte_du_Moyen-Orient2.svg/220px-Carte_du_Moyen-Orient2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carte_du_Moyen-Orient2.svg/330px-Carte_du_Moyen-Orient2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carte_du_Moyen-Orient2.svg/440px-Carte_du_Moyen-Orient2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Ekialde Hurbilaren mapa modernoa.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mugapenak">Mugapenak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mugapenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mugapenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekialde Hurbila <a href="/wiki/Mediterraneoa" title="Mediterraneoa">Mediterraneo</a> itsasoaren ekialdeko ertzaren eremu geografikoari dagokio:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Levanteko_itsasoa" title="Levanteko itsasoa">Levanteko itsasoa</a>, mendebaldean; alde batetik <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranen</a>, eta bestetik <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistanen</a> arteko mugak erratzen duen lerroa, ekialdean; <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkiak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranek</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia">Kaukasoko</a> herrialdeekin, eta <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkiak</a> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgariarekin</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia">Greziarekin</a>, dituzten mugak, iparraldean; eta <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egiptoren</a> lurreko muga eta <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemenen</a> nahiz <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Omanen</a> itsas mugak, hegoaldean. Beraz, Ekialde Hurbila <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a> hedatzen da, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Irango</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatoliako</a> lautadetan eta <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabiako penintsula</a> osoan; Europan, <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkiako</a> <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako</a> zatian: <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Trazia" title="Ekialdeko Trazia">Ekialdeko Trazian</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egiptoren</a> aldean. </p><p>Zazpi milioi <a href="/wiki/Kilometro_koadro" title="Kilometro koadro">kilometro koadro</a> baino gehiagoko espazio honek mendeetan zehar garatu diren <a href="/wiki/Zibilizazio" title="Zibilizazio">zibilizazio</a> ugari biltzen ditu; besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar" title="Arabiar">arabiarrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persiar" title="Persiar">persiarrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkiar" title="Turkiar">turkiarrak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu">kurduak</a> dira eskualdeko talde etniko handienak.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zibilizazio horiek, nolanahi ere, ez dira aski Ekialde Hurbilaren mugapenak zehazteko, haratago baitaude: arabiarrak <a href="/wiki/Iparraldeko_Afrika" title="Iparraldeko Afrika">Iparraldeko Afrikan</a>, persiarrak <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiako</a> azpikontinentean eta turkiarrak <a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia">Erdialdeko Asian</a>. </p><p>Politikaren edo kulturaren aldetik begiratuta, Ekialde Hurbilean ez dago bateratasunik; estatuz gaindiko egiturak, interes jakin batzuen inguruan (<a href="/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio">petrolioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merkataritza" title="Merkataritza">merkataritza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erlijio" title="Erlijio">erlijioa</a> eta abar) eragin mugatukoak dira eta, maiz, eskualdetik haratago hedatzen dira.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Demografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Demografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eskualdeko estatuek zenbait urtetan zehar egindako erroldatan bildutako datu sakabanatuen arabera, <a href="/wiki/Populazio_hazkunde" title="Populazio hazkunde">hazkunde demografikoa</a> handia du Ekialde Hurbilak: batez beste, urteko % 2, batez beste; 3,4 seme-alaba emakume bakoitzeko ―mundu mailan 2,7 den bitartean― eta 69 urteko urteko bizi itxaropena.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erlijio nagusia <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islama</a> da, <a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoaren</a> adarra zehazki, baina <a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">xiismoak</a> hedadura handia du <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraken</a> eta, batez ere, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranen</a>. Neurri apalagoan, <a href="/wiki/Kristautasun" title="Kristautasun">kristauak</a> daude (batez ere <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libanon</a> % 30 eta <a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipren</a>), <a href="/wiki/Judaismo" title="Judaismo">juduak</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israelen</a> eta beste erlijio batzuk: <a href="/wiki/Bahaismo" title="Bahaismo">bahaismoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrismo" title="Zoroastrismo">zoroastrismoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iazidismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iazidismo (sortu gabe)">iazidismoa</a> eta abar. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Herrialdea </th> <th>Populazioa (2021) </th> <th>Azalera (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Hiriburua </th> <th>Hizkuntza nagusia </th> <th>Erlijio nagusia </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuak</a> </td> <td align="right">9 365 145 </td> <td align="right">83 600 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td align="right">1 463 265 </td> <td align="right">758 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">xiismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a> </td> <td align="right">109 262 178 </td> <td align="right">1 002 000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> </td> <td align="right">43 533 592 </td> <td align="right">435 244 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">xiismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td align="right">87 923 432 </td> <td align="right">1 628 750 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Persiera" title="Persiera">persiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">xiismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td align="right">8 900 059 </td> <td align="right">22 072 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebreera" title="Hebreera">hebreera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judaismo" title="Judaismo">judaismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania">Jordania</a> </td> <td align="right">11 148 278 </td> <td align="right">89 342 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Aman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td align="right">4 250 114 </td> <td align="right">17 818 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_(hiria)" title="Kuwait (hiria)">Kuwait</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a> </td> <td align="right">5 592 631 </td> <td align="right">10 452 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristautasun" title="Kristautasun">kristautasuna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/22px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/33px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/44px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td align="right">4 520 471 </td> <td align="right">309 500 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maskat" title="Maskat">Maskat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Palestinako_Estatua" title="Palestinako Estatua">Palestina</a> </td> <td align="right">5 133 392 </td> <td align="right">6 020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramala</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td align="right">2 688 235 </td> <td align="right">11 586 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td align="right">35 950 396 </td> <td align="right">2 149 690 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riad" title="Riad">Riad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> </td> <td align="right">21 324 367 </td> <td align="right">185 180 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko">Damasko</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a> </td> <td align="right">84 775 404 </td> <td align="right">783 562 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td align="right">32 981 641 </td> <td align="right">527 968 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sana" title="Sana">Sana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipre</a> </td> <td align="right">1 244 188 </td> <td align="right">9 251 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikosia" title="Nikosia">Nikosia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">greziera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kristautasun_ortodoxo" title="Kristautasun ortodoxo">kristautasun ortodoxoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ekialde Hurbila</b> </td> <td align="right"><b>470 056 788</b> </td> <td align="right"><b>7 278 813</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banaketa_geografikoa">Banaketa geografikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Banaketa geografikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Banaketa geografikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekialde Hurbileko estatuak kokapen geografikoaren arabera bana daitezke: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterraneoa" title="Mediterraneoa">Mediterraneo</a> itsasoa mugatzen duten <a href="/wiki/Sortalde_(Ekialde_Hurbila)" title="Sortalde (Ekialde Hurbila)">Sortaldeko</a> estatuak: <a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania">Jordania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabiako penintsulako</a> estatuak, <a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Gorria" title="Itsaso Gorria">Itsaso Gorriaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Persiar_golkoa" title="Persiar golkoa">Persiar golkoaren</a> artean: <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>;</li> <li>Persiar golkoaren iparraldean, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatoliaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaspiar_itsasoa" title="Kaspiar itsasoa">Kaspiar itsasoaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Indiako_ozeanoa" title="Indiako ozeanoa">Indiako ozeanoaren</a> artean;</li> <li>eztabaidan dauden lurraldeak ere aipa daitezke: <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Zipreko_Turkiar_Errepublika" title="Ipar Zipreko Turkiar Errepublika">Ipar Zipre</a> (nagusiki turkiarra), <a href="/wiki/Palestinako_Estatua" title="Palestinako Estatua">Palestina</a> bi erakundetan banatua (<a href="/wiki/Gazako_zerrenda" title="Gazako zerrenda">Gaza</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zisjordania" title="Zisjordania">Zisjordania</a>) eta <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>, lau estatutan banatuta.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hiru_nagusiak">Hiru nagusiak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hiru nagusiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Hiru nagusiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekialde Hurbileko hiru hiritan 10 milioi biztanle baino gehiago daude: <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Beste hiru hiritan 4-7 milioi biztanle arteko populazioa bizi da: <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta hamaika hiri txikiagok milioi bat biztanle baino gehiago dituzte. Hiri horietako gehienek % 2tik gorako hazkundea dute urtean.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Ekialde Hurbileko hiriak</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Al-Khuwair,_Muscat.jpg" title="Al-Khuwairko bizitegiaMokadua, Oman."><img alt="Quartier résidentiel d'Al-Khuwair à Mascate, la capitale d'Oman." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Al-Khuwair%2C_Muscat.jpg/268px-Al-Khuwair%2C_Muscat.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Al-Khuwair%2C_Muscat.jpg/402px-Al-Khuwair%2C_Muscat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Al-Khuwair%2C_Muscat.jpg/537px-Al-Khuwair%2C_Muscat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Al-Khuwairko bizitegia<a href="/wiki/Maskat" title="Maskat">Mokadua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG" title="Jerusalem, Arrokaren kupula, Meskite zabalgunea, Erosten harresia, Hilobi Santua"><img alt="À Jérusalem, le Dôme du Rocher, l'Esplanade des Mosquées, le Mur des Lamentations, le Saint-Sépulcre..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG/270px-Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG/405px-Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG/541px-Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3812" data-file-height="2540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrokaren_Kupula" title="Arrokaren Kupula">Arrokaren kupula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meskiten_Zelaigunea" title="Meskiten Zelaigunea">Meskite zabalgunea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erosten_harresia" title="Erosten harresia">Erosten harresia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hilobi_Santuaren_eliza" title="Hilobi Santuaren eliza">Hilobi Santua</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Dubai_Marina_and_Skyline_from_Le_Royal_M%C3%A9ridien_Beach_Resort_and_Spa.jpg" title="Burj-al-Arab eta Dubai Marina, Arabiar Emirerri Batuak."><img alt="Le Burj-al-Arab et la Dubaï Marina aux Émirats arabes unis." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dubai_Marina_and_Skyline_from_Le_Royal_M%C3%A9ridien_Beach_Resort_and_Spa.jpg/240px-Dubai_Marina_and_Skyline_from_Le_Royal_M%C3%A9ridien_Beach_Resort_and_Spa.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dubai_Marina_and_Skyline_from_Le_Royal_M%C3%A9ridien_Beach_Resort_and_Spa.jpg/360px-Dubai_Marina_and_Skyline_from_Le_Royal_M%C3%A9ridien_Beach_Resort_and_Spa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dubai_Marina_and_Skyline_from_Le_Royal_M%C3%A9ridien_Beach_Resort_and_Spa.jpg/480px-Dubai_Marina_and_Skyline_from_Le_Royal_M%C3%A9ridien_Beach_Resort_and_Spa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab" title="Burj Al Arab">Burj-al-Arab</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Marina" title="Dubai Marina">Dubai Marina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuak</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Levent_(2011).jpg" title="Levent auzoa, Istanbulgo aldirietan."><img alt="Quartier de Levent, en plein développement dans la périphérie d'Istanbul." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Levent_%282011%29.jpg/240px-Levent_%282011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Levent_%282011%29.jpg/360px-Levent_%282011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Levent_%282011%29.jpg/480px-Levent_%282011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levent (sortu gabe)">Levent</a> auzoa, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbulgo</a> aldirietan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Eilat2.jpg" title="Eilateko kirol portua, Aqabako golkoan."><img alt="La marina d'Eilat, cité balnéaire dans le golfe d'Aqaba." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Eilat2.jpg/240px-Eilat2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Eilat2.jpg/360px-Eilat2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Eilat2.jpg/480px-Eilat2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilateko</a> kirol portua, <a href="/wiki/Aqabako_golkoa" title="Aqabako golkoa">Aqabako golkoan</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Limassol,_Cyprus_at_night.jpg" title="Limassolgo portua, Zipreko Europako zatian."><img alt="Port de Limassol, dans la partie européenne de l'île de Chypre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Limassol%2C_Cyprus_at_night.jpg/240px-Limassol%2C_Cyprus_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Limassol%2C_Cyprus_at_night.jpg/360px-Limassol%2C_Cyprus_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Limassol%2C_Cyprus_at_night.jpg/480px-Limassol%2C_Cyprus_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Limasol" title="Limasol">Limassolgo</a> portua, <a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipreko Europako zatian</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:CairoUniv.jpg" title="Kairoko Unibertsitatea,Gizeh, alde zaharrera begira."><img alt="L'université du Caire, située à Gizeh, face à la vieille ville." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CairoUniv.jpg/247px-CairoUniv.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CairoUniv.jpg/371px-CairoUniv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CairoUniv.jpg/495px-CairoUniv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kairoko_Unibertsitatea" title="Kairoko Unibertsitatea">Kairoko Unibertsitatea</a>,<a href="/wiki/Giza_(Egipto)" title="Giza (Egipto)">Gizeh</a>, alde zaharrera begira.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 263.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 261.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Isfahan_to_the_south_side_by_Eug%C3%A8ne_Flandin.jpg" title="Isfahanen marrazki zahar bat, Safaviden hiriburu izandakoa."><img alt="Dessin d'Ispahan, l'ancienne capitale des Séfévides." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Isfahan_to_the_south_side_by_Eug%C3%A8ne_Flandin.jpg/392px-Isfahan_to_the_south_side_by_Eug%C3%A8ne_Flandin.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Isfahan_to_the_south_side_by_Eug%C3%A8ne_Flandin.jpg/588px-Isfahan_to_the_south_side_by_Eug%C3%A8ne_Flandin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Isfahan_to_the_south_side_by_Eug%C3%A8ne_Flandin.jpg/784px-Isfahan_to_the_south_side_by_Eug%C3%A8ne_Flandin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="891" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahanen</a> marrazki zahar bat, <a href="/wiki/Safaviden_dinastia" title="Safaviden dinastia">Safaviden</a> hiriburu izandakoa.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 243.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 241.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Doha_Qatar_skyline_at_night_Sept_2012.jpg" title="Badiaren bista, Doha, Qatar."><img alt="Vue de la baie de Doha, au Qatar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Doha_Qatar_skyline_at_night_Sept_2012.jpg/362px-Doha_Qatar_skyline_at_night_Sept_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Doha_Qatar_skyline_at_night_Sept_2012.jpg/542px-Doha_Qatar_skyline_at_night_Sept_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Doha_Qatar_skyline_at_night_Sept_2012.jpg/723px-Doha_Qatar_skyline_at_night_Sept_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Badiaren bista, <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asimilazio_kulturala">Asimilazio kulturala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Asimilazio kulturala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Asimilazio kulturala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekialde Hurbileko mugapeak kultura eremu bat definitzen du, muga aski zehatzik gabea. Oro har, bertan sartzen dira zibilizazio <a href="/wiki/Arabiar" title="Arabiar">arabiarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkiar_herriak" title="Turkiar herriak">turkiarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persiar" title="Persiar">persiarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu">kurdua</a> eta eskualdeetako gutxiengoak, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Judu" title="Judu">juduak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">zipretarrak</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikako herrialdeak</a>, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb">Magrebekoak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>) eta beste batzuk, adibidez <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Afrikako_Adarra" title="Afrikako Adarra">Afrikako Adarra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Djibuti" title="Djibuti">Djibuti</a>), Ekialde Hurbilari oso lotuta daude, eskualde horrekin dituzten kultur, historia eta merkataritza esteka indartsuengatik. <a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipre</a>, geografikoki periferikoa edo Ekialde Hurbiletik gertu egon arren, <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako</a> kulturaren partaidetzat hartzen da. <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> ekialdeko muga da.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Monoteismo" title="Monoteismo">Erlijio monoteisten</a> sorlekua eta gune espirituala da Ekialde Hurbila, bertan sortu baitziren <a href="/wiki/Judaismo" title="Judaismo">judaismoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristautasun" title="Kristautasun">kristautasuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babismo" title="Babismo">babismoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bahaismo" title="Bahaismo">bahaismoa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zibilizazio" title="Zibilizazio">Zibilizazio</a> eta herri asko (<a href="/wiki/Seljuktarren_dinastia" title="Seljuktarren dinastia">seljuktarrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar" title="Arabiar">arabiarrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">otomandarrak…</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ilgora_Emankorra" title="Ilgora Emankorra">Ilgora Emankorraren</a> inguruan jaio ziren. Ingurune hori izan zen Ekialde Hurbilean lehen populazioa izan zuena, eta, seguruenik, <a href="/wiki/Eurafrasia" title="Eurafrasia">Eurafrasiako</a> <a href="/wiki/Nekazaritzaren_historia" title="Nekazaritzaren historia">nekazaritzaren</a> jatorrizko eskualdea.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kultura asko gurutzatu izan dira mendeetan zehar; indigenak, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Persiar" title="Persiar">persiarrak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Arabiar" title="Arabiar">arabiarrak</a>; baina baita atzerritarrak ere, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_Handia" title="Alexandro Handia">Alexandro Handiarekin</a> iritsitako <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Grezia" title="Antzinako Grezia">grekoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurutzadak" title="Gurutzadak">gurutzatuak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">europar</a> <a href="/wiki/Inperio_kolonial" title="Inperio kolonial">kolonoak</a> XIX. mendetik aurrera. </p><p>XX. mendearen hasieran, petrolio ugari aurkitu zelarik eskualdean (munduko <a href="/wiki/Petrolio_erreserbak" title="Petrolio erreserbak">petrolio erreserben</a> erdia baino gehiago Ekialde Hurbileko zorupean daude), munduko petrolioaren geopolitikaren erdian kokatu zen eskualdea, eta <i>petrolioaren emirerrien</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>...) garapena ekarri zuen. Gainera, gune honetan lurraldearen gaineko gerrak (<a href="/wiki/Arabiar%E2%80%93israeldar_gatazka" title="Arabiar–israeldar gatazka">arabiarren eta israeldarren arteko gatazka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran-Irak_Gerra" title="Iran-Irak Gerra">Iranen eta Iraken arteko gerra</a>) eta tentsio ugari dago, eskualdean petrolioa eta lehengaiak erauztearekin zuzenean edo zeharka lotuta (<a href="/wiki/Golkoko_Gerra" title="Golkoko Gerra">Golkoko gerra</a>). </p><p>1956ko azaroan, britainiar, frantziar eta israeldar armadek gerra piztu zuten <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egiptoren</a> aurka (<a href="/wiki/Suezko_Krisialdia" title="Suezko Krisialdia">Suezko krisialdia</a>), hark <a href="/wiki/Suezko_kanala" title="Suezko kanala">Suezko kanala</a> nazionalizatu ondoren. <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batuaren</a> finantza arazoez baliatu ziren <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Ameriketako Estatu Batuak</a> operazioa gaitzesteko eta britainiarren lekua hartzeko Ekialde Hurbilean, potentzia nagusi gisa, britainiarren aurkako beroaldi batek eskualde osoa irabazten zuen bitartean. Mugimendua 1958an amaitu zen, britainiarren laguntza jasotzen zuen <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irakeko</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarkia" title="Monarkia">monarkia</a> suntsituta. Estatu Batuek britainiar politikari jarraitu zioten erregimen aliatuekin (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania">Jordania</a> eta, batez ere, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>). Izan ere, Israeli munduko beste edozein estaturi baino laguntza gehiago eman zioten eta herrialde batzuetan erregimen aldaketak sustatu zituzten, bereziki <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranen</a>, 1953ko estatu kolpearen bitartez.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ekialde Hurbila tentsio eremu bat da oraindik ere, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestinari</a> dagokionez, nahiz 1970eko hamarkadaz geroztik eskualdeko nazioen arteko harremanak gobernatzeko tresna batzuk garatu diren (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabiar_Lurralde_Petrolio_Esportatzaileen_Erakundea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabiar Lurralde Petrolio Esportatzaileen Erakundea (sortu gabe)">Arabiar Lurralde Petrolio Esportatzaileen Erakundea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Liga" title="Arabiar Liga">Arabiar Liga</a> eta abar).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomia">Ekonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekonomia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nahiz eta petrolio ekoizpena eta esportazioa aberastasun iturri garrantzitsu bat den Ekialde Hurbilean, nabarmendu behar da beste aberastasun iturri batzuek herrialde batzuen garapena ahalbidetu dutela, urre beltzaren mendekotasunik sortu gabe. <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipre</a> bezalako herrialdeek beste jarduera batzuetan oinarritu dute garabidea, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Merkataritza" title="Merkataritza">merkataritzan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nekazaritza" title="Nekazaritza">nekazaritzan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Lehengai" title="Lehengai">lehengaietan</a>. Bestalde, fenomeno berriago bat dago, arabiar funts pribatu eta publikoen bidez berrinbertitzen baitira <a href="/wiki/Petrodolar" title="Petrodolar">petrodolarrak</a> nazioarteko <a href="/wiki/Finantzak" title="Finantzak">finantzetan</a> eta ekonomian. </p><p>Ekialde Hurbileko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabiar_Lurralde_Petrolio_Esportatzaileen_Erakundea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabiar Lurralde Petrolio Esportatzaileen Erakundea (sortu gabe)">Arabiar Lurralde Petrolio Esportatzaileen Erakundeko</a> herrialde gehienei, <a href="/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio">petrolioak</a> eta, oro har, <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo">hidrokarburoek</a> aberastasuna, lana, atzerriko inbertsioak, indar geopolitikoa eta boterea ematen diete nazioartean. Adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabiaren</a> diru sarrera publikoen % 75, <a href="/wiki/Barne_produktu_gordin" title="Barne produktu gordin">BPGaren</a> % 40 eta esportazioen % 80 petrolio putzuen ustiapenari lotuta daude, zuzenean edo zeharka (2022).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alabaina, eskualdeko herrialde gehienak ekonomia dibertsifikatzen saiatu dira. Adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority" title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority">Abu Dhabi Investment Authority</a> munduko <a href="/wiki/Inbertsio-funts_subirano" title="Inbertsio-funts subirano">inbertsio funts subiranorik</a> handiena da; begiz jotzen da 875.000 milioi dolar kudeatzen dituela ―funtsak ez du inoiz bere aktiboen berri eman―, eta <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_(emirerria)" title="Abu Dhabi (emirerria)">Abu Dhabi</a> emirerriaren petroliotik eratorritako diru sarrerak mundu osoan inbertitzen ditu.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beste herrialde arabiar batzuek ere erabaki izan dute petrolio irabaziak beren lurraldean bertan inbertitzea, bai eta proiektu arkitektonikoak ere, batzuetan erraldoiak, hala nola Palm Islands, <a href="/wiki/Burj_Khalifa" title="Burj Khalifa">Burj Khalifa</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Marina" title="Dubai Marina">Dubai Marina</a>, guztiak <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubain</a>. Estatuko eta nazioarteko inbertsio horien helburua da petrolioaren mendekoak ez diren jarduerak garatzea eta <a href="/wiki/Persiar_golkoa" title="Persiar golkoa">Golkoko herrialdeak</a> petrolioaren ondorengo egoerara prestatzea.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egindako inbertsioek errenta eta aukera ematen dute hirugarren sektoreko jarduerak garatzeko <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabiar penintsulako</a> herrialde garatu eta «atzerritarrei irekietan» (<a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:%C3%96l%C3%BCdeniz_on_the_Turquoise_Coast,_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%C3%96l%C3%BCdeniz_on_the_Turquoise_Coast%2C_Turkey.jpg/220px-%C3%96l%C3%BCdeniz_on_the_Turquoise_Coast%2C_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%C3%96l%C3%BCdeniz_on_the_Turquoise_Coast%2C_Turkey.jpg/330px-%C3%96l%C3%BCdeniz_on_the_Turquoise_Coast%2C_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%C3%96l%C3%BCdeniz_on_the_Turquoise_Coast%2C_Turkey.jpg/440px-%C3%96l%C3%BCdeniz_on_the_Turquoise_Coast%2C_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Turismoa <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkian</a>, Ölüdenizen (<a href="/wiki/Egeo" title="Egeo">Egeo itsasoa</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipre</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a> <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europatik</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Amerika" title="Ipar Amerika">Ipar Amerikatik</a> iritsitako turismoaren aldeko faktoreez baliatzen dira, bai eta leku turistiko, kultural eta historikoez; jarduera turistikoak garatzeko egindako inbertsioen bitartez, mundu mailako turismoaren lehian sartu ahal izan dira.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nekazaritzak leku nagusi bat dauka Ekialde Hurbileko herrialde batzuetako biztanleria aktiboaren enpleguan; <a href="/wiki/Ilgora_Emankorra" title="Ilgora Emankorra">Ilgora Emankorrak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a>), <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egiptoko</a> <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Nilok</a>, edo <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israelgo</a> <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Moshav" title="Moshav">moshavek</a> herrialde mediterraneoen garapen ekonomikorako beharrezkoa den elikadura segurtasuna bermatzea ahalbidetu dute, zerbitzuen sektorea garatu aurretik.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Merkataritza eta finantza jarduerak ere asko hazi dira, erraz kontrola daitezkeen bide nabigagarriei esker (<a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkiako</a> <a href="/wiki/Marmarako_itsasoa" title="Marmarako itsasoa">Marmarako itsasoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egiptoko</a> <a href="/wiki/Suezko_kanala" title="Suezko kanala">Suez kanala</a>) eta salgaiak <a href="/wiki/Inportazio" title="Inportazio">inportatzeko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Esportazio" title="Esportazio">esportatzeko</a> jardueren garrantziari esker, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Lehengai" title="Lehengai">lehengaiak</a>, ordezko piezak eta produktu <a href="/wiki/Manufaktura" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufaktura">manufakturatuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Asia" title="Ekialdeko Asia">Ekialdeko Asiatik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hego-ekialdeko_Asia" title="Hego-ekialdeko Asia">Hego-ekialdeko Asiatik</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiatik</a> eta Ekialde Hurbiletik, <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasunera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Amerika" title="Ipar Amerika">Ipar Amerikara</a>. </p><p>Diru sarreren arteko desberdintasunak oso handiak dira Ekialde Hurbilean. 2016. urtean, % 10 aberatsenak diru sarrera nazionalen % 63 zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erlijioak">Erlijioak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erlijioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Erlijioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erlijioa oso elementu garrantzizkoa dela esan daiteke, Ekialde Hurbilean bizi diren populazio gehienentzat. Alabaina, hiru erlijio <a href="/wiki/Monoteismo" title="Monoteismo">monoteista</a> handietatik eta <a href="/wiki/Abrahamdar_erlijio" title="Abrahamdar erlijio">abrahamdar tradiziotik</a> eratorritako sinesteetatik haratago, <a href="/wiki/Antzinaroa" title="Antzinaroa">Antzinarotik</a> beste <a href="/wiki/Erlijio" title="Erlijio">erlijio</a> batzuk garatu izan dira eskualdean, eta horietako batzuk oraindik XXI. mendean bizirik dira. Ekialde Hurbilean sortu ziren munduko 3.000 milioi biztanle ingururen erlijioak. Horregatik da hain garrantzitsu historiaren eta kulturaren ikuspegitik, eta <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europaren</a> arteko <a href="/wiki/Zibilizazio" title="Zibilizazio">zibilizazioen</a> bidegurutze izateak <a href="/wiki/Fede" title="Fede">fededun</a> asko erakartzen ditu bertara <a href="/wiki/Erromesaldi" title="Erromesaldi">erromesaldian</a>. Politikarekin oso nahasirik dagoenez, erlijioa faktore egituratzaile indartsuenetako bat da XXI. mendeko Ekialde Hurbileko geopolitikan.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hizkuntzak">Hizkuntzak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hizkuntzak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Hizkuntzak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekialde Hurbilean bost hizkuntza nagusiak dira <a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persiera" title="Persiera">persiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurduera" title="Kurduera">kurduera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hebreera" title="Hebreera">hebreera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arabiera eta hebreera <a href="/wiki/Afro-asiar_hizkuntzak" title="Afro-asiar hizkuntzak">afroasiar</a> <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_familia" title="Hizkuntza familia">hizkuntzen familiakoak</a> dira. Persiera eta kurdua <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak">indoeuropar</a> hizkuntzen familiakoak dira. Turkiera <a href="/wiki/Turkiar_hizkuntzak" title="Turkiar hizkuntzak">turkiar hizkuntzen</a> familiakoa da. Ekialde Hurbilean beste 20 bat hizkuntza minoritario ere hitz egiten dira.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kultura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Kultura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekialde Hurbila munduko kultura zaharrenen eta agian garatuenen bidegurutzea da. Izan <a href="/wiki/Arabiar" title="Arabiar">arabiar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkiar" title="Turkiar">turkiar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persiar" title="Persiar">persiar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu">kurdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judu" title="Judu">judu</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Feniziera" title="Feniziera">feniziar</a> <a href="/wiki/Kultura" title="Kultura">kulturak</a>, izan <a href="/wiki/Judaismo" title="Judaismo">judaismoaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristautasun" title="Kristautasun">kristautasunaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamaren</a> garrantzia, mendetan zehar garapen handi bat lortua dutelarik, mundu osoko turistentzat erakargarri gertatzen dira guztiak.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gune arkeologiko, eraikuntza edo gune natural asko <a href="/wiki/Kultura-ondare" title="Kultura-ondare">kultura ondare</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> edo <a href="/wiki/Natur_ondare" title="Natur ondare">natura ondare</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gisa daude sailkatuta, pixkanaka garatu diren <a href="/wiki/Hirigune" title="Hirigune">hirigune</a> ugarien inguruan. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Ekialde Hurbileko ondarea</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:20100925_petra109.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Khazneh, Petrako antzinako hiriaren erdigunea, Jordanian."><img alt="Khazneh, Petrako antzinako hiriaren erdigunea, Jordanian." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/20100925_petra109.JPG/269px-20100925_petra109.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/20100925_petra109.JPG/404px-20100925_petra109.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/20100925_petra109.JPG/538px-20100925_petra109.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Khazneh" title="Khazneh">Khazneh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petra" title="Petra">Petrako</a> antzinako hiriaren erdigunea, <a href="/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania">Jordanian</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gizako piramideak, Kairoko hiritik hurbil."><img alt="Gizako piramideak, Kairoko hiritik hurbil." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg/271px-All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg/406px-All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg/542px-All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4372" data-file-height="2906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gizako_nekropolia" title="Gizako nekropolia">Gizako piramideak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairoko</a> hiritik hurbil.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Roof_hafez_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hafez poetaren hilobiaren sabaia, Iranen, persiar artearen erakusgarri."><img alt="Hafez poetaren hilobiaren sabaia, Iranen, persiar artearen erakusgarri." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Roof_hafez_tomb.jpg/240px-Roof_hafez_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Roof_hafez_tomb.jpg/360px-Roof_hafez_tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Roof_hafez_tomb.jpg/480px-Roof_hafez_tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hafez" title="Hafez">Hafez</a> poetaren hilobiaren sabaia, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranen</a>, persiar artearen erakusgarri.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:G%C3%B6reme_1_11_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Göremeko Parke Nazionala, Kapadozian (Turkia)."><img alt="Göremeko Parke Nazionala, Kapadozian (Turkia)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/G%C3%B6reme_1_11_2004.jpg/270px-G%C3%B6reme_1_11_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/G%C3%B6reme_1_11_2004.jpg/405px-G%C3%B6reme_1_11_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/G%C3%B6reme_1_11_2004.jpg/540px-G%C3%B6reme_1_11_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6remeko_Parke_Nazionala" title="Göremeko Parke Nazionala">Göremeko Parke Nazionala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapadozia" title="Kapadozia">Kapadozian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a>). </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Antonius_Kloster_BW_15_Retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Antonio monasterioa (Eliza Ortodoxo Koptoa), Egipton."><img alt="San Antonio monasterioa (Eliza Ortodoxo Koptoa), Egipton." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Antonius_Kloster_BW_15_Retouched.jpg/269px-Antonius_Kloster_BW_15_Retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Antonius_Kloster_BW_15_Retouched.jpg/404px-Antonius_Kloster_BW_15_Retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Antonius_Kloster_BW_15_Retouched.jpg/538px-Antonius_Kloster_BW_15_Retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_monasterioa" title="San Antonio monasterioa">San Antonio monasterioa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eliza_Ortodoxo_Koptoa" title="Eliza Ortodoxo Koptoa">Eliza Ortodoxo Koptoa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipton</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Medine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Masjid al-Nabawi, Medinan."><img alt="Masjid al-Nabawi, Medinan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Medine.jpg/240px-Medine.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Medine.jpg/360px-Medine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Medine.jpg/480px-Medine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Nabawi" title="Masjid al-Nabawi">Masjid al-Nabawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medinan</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Beyt-i_Haram.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaaba, Mekan."><img alt="Kaaba, Mekan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Beyt-i_Haram.jpg/241px-Beyt-i_Haram.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Beyt-i_Haram.jpg/361px-Beyt-i_Haram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Beyt-i_Haram.jpg/482px-Beyt-i_Haram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="596" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Meka">Mekan</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Krak_des_Chevaliers_landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zaldunen Krak, Siriako mendebaldean."><img alt="Zaldunen Krak, Siriako mendebaldean." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Krak_des_Chevaliers_landscape.jpg/270px-Krak_des_Chevaliers_landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Krak_des_Chevaliers_landscape.jpg/405px-Krak_des_Chevaliers_landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Krak_des_Chevaliers_landscape.jpg/540px-Krak_des_Chevaliers_landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zaldunen_Krak" title="Zaldunen Krak">Zaldunen Krak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siriako</a> mendebaldean.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:EinKelt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oasi bat Jerikon, Judeako basamortuan."><img alt="Oasi bat Jerikon, Judeako basamortuan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EinKelt.jpg/240px-EinKelt.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EinKelt.jpg/360px-EinKelt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EinKelt.jpg/480px-EinKelt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Oasi" title="Oasi">Oasi</a> bat <a href="/wiki/Jeriko" title="Jeriko">Jerikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judeako_basamortua" title="Judeako basamortua">Judeako basamortuan</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:%C4%B0stanbul_4228.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ortaköyko meskita eta Bosforoko zubia, Bosforoko itsasartean."><img alt="Ortaköyko meskita eta Bosforoko zubia, Bosforoko itsasartean." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%C4%B0stanbul_4228.jpg/240px-%C4%B0stanbul_4228.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%C4%B0stanbul_4228.jpg/360px-%C4%B0stanbul_4228.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%C4%B0stanbul_4228.jpg/480px-%C4%B0stanbul_4228.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortak%C3%B6yko_meskita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortaköyko meskita (sortu gabe)">Ortaköyko meskita</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bosforoko_zubia" title="Bosforoko zubia">Bosforoko zubia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosforo" title="Bosforo">Bosforoko</a> itsasartean.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eskualdeko_geopolitika">Eskualdeko geopolitika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eskualdeko geopolitika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Eskualdeko geopolitika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekialde Hurbila kokapen estrategiko batean dago, <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> elkartzen baitira eskualdean. Kokapen geografiko hori nahikoa da XXI. mendean munduko itsas eta aire <a href="/wiki/Merkataritza" title="Merkataritza">merkataritzaren</a> bidegurutze bihurtzeko. Gainera, XX. mendearen bigarren erditik aurrera, Ekialde Hurbila <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo">hidrokarburoen</a> ekoizpenaren munduko eskualderik garrantzitsuena bihurtu zen. Hirugarrenik, hidrokarburoen prezioaren igoerak 1973az geroztik finantza baliabide handiak sortu ditu Ekialde Hurbileko zenbait estatutan, eta horien erabilera munduko palanka ekonomiko garrantzitsu bat bihurtu da.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faktore horietatik ondorioztatzen da Ekialde Hurbileko <a href="/wiki/Geopolitika" title="Geopolitika">geopolitikak</a> leku estrategiko bat hartu duela XXI. mendeko munduko geopolitikan. Horrela, alde batetik, eskualdeko estatuek eragin eta presentzia handia dute atzerrian; erta, bestetik, egonkortasuna eta segurtasuna kosta ahala kosta bilatzen dute. Beraz, eskualdea potentzia handien geopolitikaren erronka da, zehazki, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuena</a> <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu</a> Gerratik, eta <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txinarena</a> XXI. mende hasieratik.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ekialde Hurbilean ez dago potentzia erregional nagusi bat, ezta duopolio bat ere. Lau estatuk izan dezakete eskualdea menderatzeko asmorik, bi arabiar (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a>), eta beste biak dira <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a>. Bosgarren estatu bat eskualdeko geopolitikaren eragile nagusietako bat da, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, bere aliantzengatik eta botere militarragatik.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabiaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranen</a> arteko harreman gatazkatsuen argitara, zalantza sor daiteke ea Ekialde Hurbileko bi potentzia handiak gerra ireki batean sartzeko gai ote diren. Behatzaile gehienek ezinezkotzat jotzen dute, jokoan dauden interes politiko eta ekonomikoak kontuan hartuta. Beraz, <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Gerra_Hotza" title="Bigarren Gerra Hotza">gerra hotzeko</a> logika batean, <a href="/wiki/Riad" title="Riad">Riadek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheranek</a> <a href="/wiki/Arma_nuklear" title="Arma nuklear">arma nuklearrak</a> izateko eskubidea ekarri ohi dute gogora.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eskualdeko_lankidetza">Eskualdeko lankidetza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eskualdeko lankidetza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Eskualdeko lankidetza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estatuen arteko harremanak hurbilagotu edo estutzeko saio gehienek porrot egin zuten XX. mendearen bigarren erdian, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuen</a> eraketak izan ezik; izan ere, 1971az geroztik zazpi emirerri bildu ziren estatu federal batean, besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_(emirerria)" title="Abu Dhabi (emirerria)">Abu Dhabi</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Dubai_(emirerria)" title="Dubai (emirerria)">Dubai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aldiz, XX. mendean ezarritako eskualdeko erakunde politiko, ekonomiko eta militarrek jarraitzen duten izaten lankidetza instituzionalaren erreferentzia eskualdean. Hala ere, ez dira <a href="/wiki/Mendebaldea_(kultura)" title="Mendebaldea (kultura)">mendebaldean</a> <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasuna</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Atlantikoko_Ituna" title="Ipar Atlantikoko Ituna">Ipar Atlantikoko Ituna</a> diren bezain egituratu eta eraginkorrak.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabiar_Liga">Arabiar Liga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arabiar Liga»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Arabiar Liga"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Liga" title="Arabiar Liga">Arabiar Liga</a>, ofizialki «Arabiar Estatuen Liga» (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">جامعة الدول العربية‎</span>), behatzaile estatutua duen eskualde erakunde bat da <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen Erakundearen</a> aurrean. 1945eko martxoaren 22an sortu zuten <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairon</a> zazpi herrialdek, eta 2024an hogeita hiru estatu kide zituen. Arabiar Ligaren antolaketa lau organo nagusitan oinarritzen da: estatuburuen gailurra, ministroen kontseilua, batzorde iraunkorrak eta idazkaritza nagusia.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gainera, zenbait organo sortu dira 1945eko Ituna osatzen duten hitzarmenen arabera, eta zenbait erakunde espezializatuk lankidetza estuan dihardute harekin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golkoko_Lankidetza_Kontseilua">Golkoko Lankidetza Kontseilua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Golkoko Lankidetza Kontseilua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Golkoko Lankidetza Kontseilua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Golkoko Estatuen Lankidetza Kontseilua (arabieraz مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج) eskualdeko antolamendu bat da, sei petromonarkia <a href="/wiki/Arabiar" title="Arabiar">arabiar</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman">musulmanak</a> biltzen dituena: <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Udaberria" title="Arabiar Udaberria">2011ko hasierako arabiar iraultzen</a> testuinguruan, <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Marokoko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania">Jordaniako</a> erresumak atxikitze prozesuan daude.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:ArabLeague_Diagram-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ArabLeague_Diagram-fr.svg/220px-ArabLeague_Diagram-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ArabLeague_Diagram-fr.svg/330px-ArabLeague_Diagram-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ArabLeague_Diagram-fr.svg/440px-ArabLeague_Diagram-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Arabiar Ligako herrialdeen arteko elkarteen diagrama.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lankidetza_Islamikoaren_Erakundea">Lankidetza Islamikoaren Erakundea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lankidetza Islamikoaren Erakundea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Lankidetza Islamikoaren Erakundea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lankidetza Islamiko Erakundea (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">منظمة التعاون الإسلامي‎</span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkieraz</a>: İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı) gobernu arteko erakunde bat da, 1969ko irailaren 25ean sortua (hasieran, «Konferentzia Islamikoaren Erakundea» izenaz), 57 estatu kide biltzen dituena. <a href="/wiki/Jidda" title="Jidda">Jiddan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>) du egoitza, eta ordezkaritza iraunkorra du <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen Erakundean</a>. Izaera erlijiosoa duen nazioz gaindiko edo nazioarteko erakunde bakarra da. Besteak beste, Ekialde Hurbileko herrialde guztiak hartzen ditu (<a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> izan ezik), baita <a href="/wiki/Iparraldeko_Afrika" title="Iparraldeko Afrika">Ipar Afrikako</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia">Erdialdeko Asiako</a> estatu gehienak ere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekialde_Hurbilaren_militarizazioa">Ekialde Hurbilaren militarizazioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekialde Hurbilaren militarizazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Ekialde Hurbilaren militarizazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Barne_produktu_gordin" title="Barne produktu gordin">BPGren</a> aldean gastu militarrik handiena duen eskualdea da Ekialde Hurbila mundu osoan. Estatistika erabilgarriak dituzten estatuen kasuan, BPGren % 6,2 izan zen gastu militarra 2000n, % 4,3 2010ean eta % 4,7 2017an.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabiak</a> zortzigarren eta bederatzigarren tokia hartu zuen munduan, gastu militarrari dagokionez, XXI. mendearen lehen hamarkadan. Gero, nabarmen handitu zituen defentsa-gastuak, 2013tik 2017ra bitartean, hirugarren edo laugarren tokira helduta, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusiaren</a> aurrean edo doiki atzean, urteen arabera.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arma_nuklearren_debekuari_buruzko_ituna">Arma nuklearren debekuari buruzko ituna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arma nuklearren debekuari buruzko ituna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Arma nuklearren debekuari buruzko ituna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Disuasio nuklearraren arloan ez dago batere gardentasunik, nahiz eta estatuek armategiei buruzko informazioa argitaratzeko saioak egin izan dituzten.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bestalde, <a href="/wiki/Arma_nuklear" title="Arma nuklear">arma nuklearren</a> ugaritzea ezkutuan gertatzen da batez ere. Beraz, arma nuklearren errealitatea ez da aise aztertzen ahal. Horri dagokionez, Ekialde Hurbila kasu berezitzat aurkezten da: lehenik, estatu bati egozten zaio arma nuklearrak edukitzea (<a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>), nahiz berak berariaz ez duen halakorik aitortzen; bigarrenik, erabilera zibilarenen eta militarren arteko mugan egindako programak daude (<a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>); hirugarrenik, aukera nuklearra gutxienez aintzat hartua izan zela adierazten duten jarduera militarrak (<a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a>); eta, azkenik, <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Atlantikoko_Itunaren_Erakundea" title="Ipar Atlantikoko Itunaren Erakundea">Ipar Atlantikoko Itunaren Erakundearen</a> disuasio gailuen parte den base nuklear bat (<a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRomeo2021-03-15">Romeo, Lisa.  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(2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http://mappemonde.mgm.fr/num21/articles/art09103.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url"><i>Grand Moyen-Orient - Greater Middle East . Le lieu d’un moment. </i></a> archive.wikiwix.com <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-07)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAdelson1995">Adelson, Roger.  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(2021-08-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128194015/https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/patrimoine-moyen-orient-afrique-nord-huit-sites-unesco-histoire-archeologie">«Patrimoine du Moyen-Orient et d’Afrique du Nord : huit sites que vous devriez connaître»</a> <i>Middle East Eye</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-40">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_40-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_40-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFTétart2017">Tétart, Frank.  (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/1006612926"><i>La péninsule Arabique : coeur géopolitique du Moyen-Orient. </i></a> Malakoff: Armand Colin <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2200616328" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2200616328">978-2200616328</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1006612926">.1006612926</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJosseranLouisPichon2016">Josseran, Tancrède; Louis, Florian; Pichon, Frédéric.  (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/1233001613"><i>Géopolitique du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord : du Maroc à l'Iran. </i></a> Paris: PUF <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2130786498" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2130786498">978-2130786498</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1233001613">.1233001613</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMagazine_Carto2020-04-22">Magazine Carto.  (2020-04-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125185247/https://www.areion24.news/2020/04/22/vers-une-guerre-nucleaire-au-moyen-orient/">«Vers une guerre nucléaire au Moyen-Orient ?»</a> <i>Areion24.news</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFTapia2012-09-06">Tapia, Ainhoa.  (2012-09-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190203015948/https://www.lesclesdumoyenorient.com/La-fondation-des-Emirats-arabes-unis-1968-1971">«La fondation des Emirats arabes unis (1968-1971)»</a> <i>Les clés du Moyen-Orient</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422230136/https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/mav/117/A/20585">«Impuissante Ligue arabe»</a> <i>Le Monde diplomatique</i> (web.archive.org) 2016-04-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasportal.org/Pages/Welcome.aspx">«جامعة الدول العربية - League of Araba States»</a> <i>www.lasportal.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gcc-sg.org/en-us/Pages/default.aspx">«الأمانة العامة لمجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية - Secretariat General of the Gulf Cooperation Council»</a> <i>www.gcc-sg.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRodriguez2011-05-11">Rodriguez, Clarence.  (2011-05-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302175918/https://www.rfi.fr/fr/moyen-orient/20110511-jordanie-le-maroc-font-acte-candidature-sommet-pays-golfe">«La Jordanie et le Maroc font acte de candidature au sommet des pays du Golfe»</a> <i>Radio France International</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-48">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_48-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_48-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex">«SIPRI Military Expenditure Database | SIPRI»</a> <i>www.sipri.org</i>  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.55163%2Fcqgc9685">10.55163/cqgc9685</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180509120258/https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2018/global-military-spending-remains-high-17-trillion">«Global military spending remains high at $1.7 trillion | SIPRI»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2018-05-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202110150/https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/government-public-sector-research/pdf/global-defense-perspectives-2017.pdf">«Global Defense Perspectives 2017 - Updating the Map of Defense Prioritization and Posture in a Challenging World»</a> <i>PWC</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">2023ko urte amaieran, munduan <a href="/wiki/Arma_nuklear" title="Arma nuklear">arma nuklearrak</a> zituzten estatuak ziren: <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Ameriketako Estatu Batuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txinako Herri Errepublika</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Korea" title="Ipar Korea">Ipar Korea</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFChampchesnel2020-04-29">Champchesnel, Tiphaine de.  (2020-04-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507202347/https://www.areion24.news/2020/04/29/les-etats-du-moyen-orient-et-le-traite-sur-linterdiction-des-armes-nucleaires/">«Les États du Moyen-Orient et le Traité sur l’interdiction des armes nucléaires»</a> <i>Areion24.news</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-01-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekialde_Hurbila&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu 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<ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-246530764">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/246530764/">246530764</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4039755-5">4039755-5</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128412">ge128412</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Near-East">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48214" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q48214">Q48214</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Near_East">Near East</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q48214%22">Q48214</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <table width="80%" align="center" rules="all" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="clear:both;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;border:1px solid #999999;border-collapse:collapse;background:#CCCCCC;line-height:1.25"> <tbody><tr align="center" style="background:#C8D8FF"> <td colspan="4"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiako</a> herrialde eta lurraldeak</b>    <small>(<a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazio Batuak">Nazio Batuen</a> azpi-eskualdeka)</small> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF;font-size:90%"> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia">Erdialdeko Asia</a></b><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map_Central_Asia.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_Central_Asia.PNG/110px-Map_Central_Asia.PNG" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_Central_Asia.PNG/165px-Map_Central_Asia.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_Central_Asia.PNG/220px-Map_Central_Asia.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </p> </td> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Asiako_Ekialdea" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiako Ekialdea">Asiako Ekialdea</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Asia-Pazifikoa" title="Asia-Pazifikoa">Asia-Pazifikoa</a>)</small></b><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map-World-East-Asia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map-World-East-Asia.png/110px-Map-World-East-Asia.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map-World-East-Asia.png/165px-Map-World-East-Asia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map-World-East-Asia.png/220px-Map-World-East-Asia.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"><a href="/wiki/Hego_Korea" title="Hego Korea">Hego Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Korea" title="Ipar Korea">Ipar Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Txina" class="mw-redirect" title="Txina">Txina</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF;font-size:90%"> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Hego-mendebaldeko_Asia" title="Hego-mendebaldeko Asia">Hego-mendebaldeko Asia</a></b><br /> <small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ekialde Hurbila</a></small><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map_world_middle_east.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map_world_middle_east.svg/110px-Map_world_middle_east.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map_world_middle_east.svg/165px-Map_world_middle_east.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map_world_middle_east.svg/220px-Map_world_middle_east.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania">Jordania</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </p> </td> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Hego-ekialdeko_Asia" title="Hego-ekialdeko Asia">Hego-ekialdeko Asia</a></b><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG/110px-LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG" decoding="async" width="110" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG/165px-LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG/220px-LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Timor" title="Ekialdeko Timor">Ekialdeko Timor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Filipinak" title="Filipinak">Filipinak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kanbodia" title="Kanbodia">Kanbodia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thailandia" title="Thailandia">Thailandia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF;font-size:90%"> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Hegoaldeko_Asia" title="Hegoaldeko Asia">Hegoaldeko Asia</a><br /></b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map-World-South-Asia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map-World-South-Asia.png/110px-Map-World-South-Asia.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map-World-South-Asia.png/165px-Map-World-South-Asia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map-World-South-Asia.png/220px-Map-World-South-Asia.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> • <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maldivak" title="Maldivak">Maldivak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </p> </td> <td width="10%"> <p><b>Beste entitate<br />politiko batzuk</b> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Palestinako_Estatua" title="Palestinako Estatua">Palestina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    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