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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jatorria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jatorria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jatorria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jatorria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kalifatzatik_Banu_Omeia_klanaren_monarkia_dinastikora_trantsizioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalifatzatik_Banu_Omeia_klanaren_monarkia_dinastikora_trantsizioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kalifatzatik Banu Omeia klanaren monarkia dinastikora trantsizioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalifatzatik_Banu_Omeia_klanaren_monarkia_dinastikora_trantsizioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalifatza_eta_Banu_Abbasid_klanaren_Monarkia_Dinastikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalifatza_eta_Banu_Abbasid_klanaren_Monarkia_Dinastikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kalifatza eta Banu Abbasid klanaren Monarkia Dinastikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalifatza_eta_Banu_Abbasid_klanaren_Monarkia_Dinastikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_sunia_aro_garaikidean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_sunia_aro_garaikidean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Islam sunia aro garaikidean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_sunia_aro_garaikidean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jarraitzaileak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jarraitzaileak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Jarraitzaileak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jarraitzaileak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irakurketa_gehiago" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irakurketa_gehiago"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Irakurketa gehiago</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Irakurketa_gehiago-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Irakurketa gehiago azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Irakurketa_gehiago-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sarean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sarean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunismo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 134 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlussunah_Wal-jama%27ah" title="Ahlussunah Wal-jama'ah – acehnera" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ahlussunah Wal-jama'ah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soenni" title="Soenni – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Soenni" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnitischer_Islam" title="Sunnitischer Islam – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sunnitischer Islam" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnismo" title="Sunnismo – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sunnismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="أهل السنة والجماعة – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أهل السنة والجماعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87" title="اهل السنة و الجماعه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اهل السنة و الجماعه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ছুন্নী ইছলাম – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছুন্নী ইছলাম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunismu" title="Sunismu – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sunismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB" title="Суниял – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Суниял" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCnnilik" title="Sünnilik – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sünnilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="سونیلر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سونیلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Сөнниҙәр – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сөнниҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%C4%97zmos" title="Sunėzmos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sunėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Суніты – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суніты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Сунізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сунізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Сунитски ислям – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сунитски ислям" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="সুন্নি ইসলাম – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুন্নি ইসলাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_sunnit" title="Islam sunnit – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Islam sunnit" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunitski_islam" title="Sunitski islam – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sunitski islam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Sunni" title="Islam Sunni – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Islam Sunni" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сунни лалын шажан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сунни лалын шажан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnisme" title="Sunnisme – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sunnisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Суннатхой – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Суннатхой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D9%86%DB%95" title="سوننە – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سوننە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnitsk%C3%BD_isl%C3%A1m" title="Sunnitský islám – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sunnitský islám" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%C4%83%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Суннăçăлăх – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Суннăçăлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swnni" title="Swnni – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Swnni" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnisme" title="Sunnisme – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sunnisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunniten" title="Sunniten – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sunniten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A9_%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ސުއްނީ މުސްލިމުން – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސުއްނީ މުސްލިމުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Σουνισμός – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σουνισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sunni Islam" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunaismo" title="Sunaismo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sunaismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sunismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunniidid" title="Sunniidid – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sunniidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سنی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnalaisuus" title="Sunnalaisuus – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sunnalaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sunni Islam" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnisme" title="Sunnisme – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sunnisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soennisme" title="Soennisme – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Soennisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunna%C3%ADochas" title="Sunnaíochas – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sunnaíochas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnismo" title="Sunnismo – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sunnismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A3_sun%C3%ADta" title="Islã suníta – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Islã suníta" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabiya_Sunnah" title="Mabiya Sunnah – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mabiya Sunnah" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אסלאם סוני – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסלאם סוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सुन्नी इस्लाम – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सुन्नी इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sunni Islam" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunizam" title="Sunizam – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sunizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szunnita_iszl%C3%A1m" title="Szunnita iszlám – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szunnita iszlám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Սուննի իսլամ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուննի իսլամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Sunni" title="Islam Sunni – ibanera" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Islam Sunni" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Сунний – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Сунний" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sunismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAnn%C3%AD" title="Súnní – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súnní" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnismo" title="Sunnismo – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sunnismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8A%E6%B4%BE" title="スンナ派 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スンナ派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სუნიზმი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუნიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasunnit" title="Tasunnit – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasunnit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Sunni" title="Islam Sunni – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Islam Sunni" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сунниттер – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сунниттер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="និកាយស៊ុននី – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="និកាយស៊ុននី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82" title="ಸುನ್ನಿ ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸುನ್ನಿ ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%8B%88%ED%8C%8C" title="수니파 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수니파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8F%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سُنی – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سُنی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%C3%AEt%C3%AE" title="Sunîtî – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sunîtî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Sunni" title="Islam Sunni – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Islam Sunni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Сүннөттөр – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сүннөттөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secta_Sunnitica" title="Secta Sunnitica – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Secta Sunnitica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Сунияр – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сунияр" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suni" title="Suni – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Suni" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suni%C4%87" title="Sunić – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Sunić" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnism" title="Sunnism – lombardiera" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sunnism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunizmas" title="Sunizmas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sunizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunn%C4%ABtu_isl%C4%81ms" title="Sunnītu islāms – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sunnītu islāms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonisma" title="Sonisma – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sonisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Сунизам – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сунизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="സുന്നി – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുന്നി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="सुन्नी इस्लाम – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुन्नी इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahli_Sunah_Waljamaah" title="Ahli Sunah Waljamaah – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ahli Sunah Waljamaah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%BClam_Sunni" title="Iżlam Sunni – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Iżlam Sunni" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA(%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA)" title="ဆွန္နီမွတ်စလင်(မ်) – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆွန္နီမွတ်စလင်(မ်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%86" title="تسنن – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تسنن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soennisme" title="Soennisme – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Soennisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunniislam" title="Sunniislam – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sunniislam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunniislam" title="Sunniislam – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sunniislam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunisme" title="Sunisme – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sunisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Суннизм – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Суннизм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸੁੰਨੀ ਇਸਲਾਮ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁੰਨੀ ਇਸਲਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnizm" title="Sunnizm – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sunnizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سنی اسلام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سنی اسلام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="اهل سنت او جماعت – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اهل سنت او جماعت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sunismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamul_sunit" title="Islamul sunit – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Islamul sunit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Сунниты – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сунниты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Суннизм – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Суннизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sunni Islam" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سني اسلام – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سني اسلام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunizam" title="Sunizam – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sunizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="සුන්නි ඉස්ලාම් – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සුන්නි ඉස්ලාම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sunni Islam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnitsk%C3%BD_islam" title="Sunnitský islam – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sunnitský islam" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunitizem" title="Sunitizem – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sunitizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islami_Suni" title="Islami Suni – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Islami Suni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Сунизам – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сунизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasuni" title="Wasuni – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wasuni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="சன்னி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சன்னி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82" title="సున్నీ ఇస్లాం – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సున్నీ ఇస్లాం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Суннӣ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Суннӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ซุนนี – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซุนนี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sunismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCnnilik" title="Sünnilik – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sünnilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Сөнничелек – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сөнничелек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B3%DB%87%D9%86%D9%86%DB%95_%DB%8B%DB%95%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%95" title="ئەھلى سۇننە ۋەلجامائە – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەھلى سۇننە ۋەلجامائە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Сунізм – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сунізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA" title="اہل سنت – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اہل سنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_as-Sunna_val-Jamoa" title="Ahl as-Sunna val-Jamoa – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ahl as-Sunna val-Jamoa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93i_gi%C3%A1o_Sunni" title="Hồi giáo Sunni – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồi giáo Sunni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunite" title="Sunite – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sunite" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sunni Islam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%8A%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="逊尼派 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="逊尼派" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9D" title="סוני איסלאם – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סוני איסלאם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="遜尼派" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="遜尼派" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sunni" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派 – kantonera" lang="yue" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Islam_by_country.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Islam_by_country.png/450px-Islam_by_country.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Islam_by_country.png/675px-Islam_by_country.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Islam_by_country.png/900px-Islam_by_country.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Musulmanak biztanleen % 5etik gora diren estatuak, bakoitzean nagusi den islamaren adarra zehaztuta:<br /> <span style="margin:0px; border-width: 3px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:100%; display:block;"><span style="border: 3px solid; border: black; background-color:#4a6600; color:white">    </span> sunismoa</span> <span style="margin:0px; border-width: 3px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:100%; display:block;"><span style="border: 3px solid; border: black; background-color:#66004a; color:white">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">xiismoa</a></span> <span style="margin:0px; border-width: 3px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:100%; display:block;"><span style="border: 3px solid; border: black; background-color:#04161b; color:white">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Ibadismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadismo">ibadismoa</a></span> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sunismoa</b> edo <b>suni islama</b> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamaren</a> adar nagusia da, haren jarraitzaileek —<b>suniak</b> edo <b>sunitak</b>— musulmanen % 80 osatzen baitute. Gainerako musulmanen artean, bigarren adar zabalduena <a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">xiismoa</a> da.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itzulpenetan, doktrina eta praktika hauei, <i>sunismo</i> deritze; jarraitzaileei, berriz, <i>suni musulman, suni, sunita</i> edo <i>Ahlus Sunnah</i> deitzen zaie. Kasu batzuetan, «islam ortodoxo» ere deitzen zaie,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nahiz eta adituek itzulpen okerra dela dioten.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Profetarengan jartzen duen enfasiagatik bereizten da, sahabak (bereziki <a href="/wiki/Rasidar_kalifaldia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasidar kalifaldia">rasidar kalifak</a>), eta handik eratorritako ohiturak azpimarratzen ditu. Izena, <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koranez</a> gain, <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">sunnaren</a> (Mahoma profetari egotzitako gertakarien bilduma) jarraitzaileak direlako datorkie. Nahiz eta islam sunia eskola teologiko eta legal anitzez osatuta dagoen, inguru historiko, leku eta kultura bidez garatu zirenak, mundu osoko sunitek zenbait sinesmen komun partekatzen dituzte: Mahoma profetaren lehen lau ondorengoen (<a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar" title="Omar">Omar ibn al-Khattab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman ibn Affan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a>) zilegitasuna onartzea, eta beste talde islamiar batzuek (gehiengoaren ustetik abiatuta) berrikuntzak (<i>bidah</i>) sartu dituztelako ustea. Musulman suniten eta xiien arteko ezberdintasunak sortu ziren Mahomaren oinordeko nor izan behar zuen bat ez zetozelako, eta, aurrerantzean, esanahi politiko handiagoa hartu zuten, baita dimentsio teologiko eta juridikoak ere. </p><p>Tradizio suniten arabera, Mahomak ez zuen oinordeko garbirik izendatu, eta komunitate musulmanak bere sunnaren arabera jokatu zuen, Abu Bakr, haren aitaginarreba, lehen <a href="/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa">kalifatzat</a> aukeratuz. <a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">Xiismoaren</a> arabera, ordea, Mahomak bere suhia eta lehengusu, <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a>, izendatu zuen oinordeko, batez ere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghadir_Khumm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghadir Khumm (sortu gabe)">Ghadir Khumm-eko</a> sermoian. Suniten eta xiien arteko tentsio politikoek intentsitate ezberdinarekin jarraitu dute islamiar historian zehar, eta, azkenaldian, areagotu egin dira gatazka etnikoen eta <a href="/wiki/Wahhabismo" title="Wahhabismo">wahhabismoaren</a> sorreraren ondorioz. </p><p>Suni islama islam goiztiarrean lidergoari buruz izandako borroketatik abiatuta garatu zen. Jarrera politiko eta erlijiosoak sortu ziren «egiazko» sinesmenaren, askatasunaren eta <a href="/wiki/Determinismo" title="Determinismo">determinismoaren</a> definizioari buruzko eztabaidetatik. Sunitek, kredo kontuetan, gehiegizko arrazionalismoa edo intelektualismoa baztertzeko joera dute, eta lehen mailako iturrien izpirituan eta asmoan zentratzen dira ortodoxia defendatzeko eta heresia gezurtatzeko, argumentu arrazionalak erabiliz beharrezkoa denean<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Arabieraz, islam suniaren jarraitzaileei «ahl as-sunnah wa l-jamāah» (Sunna herria eta komunitatea) edo «ahl as-Sunnah» soilik deitzen zaie. Islam suniari, batzuetan, «islam ortodoxoa» deitzen zaion arren, zenbait akademikok itzulpen hori desegokitzat jotzen dute. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Korana</a>, «hadith»ekin (batez ere <i>Kutub al-Sittah-n</i> bildutakoekin) eta behartutako adostasun juridikoarekin batera, islam suniaren barruko jurisprudentzia tradizional guztiaren oinarria osatzen dute. <a href="/wiki/Xaria" title="Xaria">Xariaren</a> dekretuak oinarrizko iturri horietatik eratortzen dira, arrazoinamendu analogikoaz gain, ongizate publikoaren gogoetaz eta diskrezio juridikoez, lege eskola tradizionalek garatutako jurisprudentzia printzipioak erabiliz. Sinesbide gaietan, tradizio suniak <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imamaren</a> sei zutabeak defendatzen ditu, eta teologia arrazionalistako «Ax'ari» eta «Maturidi» eskolak barne biltzen ditu, baita teologia tradizionalista izenez ezagutzen den eskola testualista ere. Suni islama ez da tradizioaren ildo koherente bat, baizik eta doktrinen eta posizioen sendotze bat, eztabaida eta idazkien bidez iritsi dena denboraren poderioz. </p><p>Sunismoa lau <a href="/wiki/Madhab" title="Madhab">islamiar eskola juridikotan</a> banatuta dago. Suniten dotrina <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahomak</a> irakatsitakoan oinarritzen da, eta suni izena dute <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">sunna</a> testua aintzakotzat hartzen dutelako, xiiek ez bezala. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminologia">Terminologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Terminologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Terminologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9.png/220px-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9.png/330px-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9.png/440px-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9.png 2x" data-file-width="2357" data-file-height="1739" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">Arabierazko</a> <i>sunna</i> terminoak jatorri aurreislamikoko sustraiak ditu, eta jarraitzaileen gehiengoak praktikatzen dituen ohiturak deskribatzeko erabiltzen da. Hitzak garrantzi politiko handiagoa eskuratu zuen <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman ibn Affan-en</a>, hirugarren <a href="/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa">kalifa</a> sunia, hilketaren ondoren (<a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">ca</a>. <a href="/wiki/VII._mendea" title="VII. mendea">VII. mendea</a>). <i>Sunnat an-nabī</i> (profetaren sunna) «sunna» laburdura bilakatu zen garaia oraindik ezezaguna da.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jatorria">Jatorria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jatorria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Jatorria"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Munduko erlijio <a href="/wiki/Monoteismo" title="Monoteismo">monoteista</a> handienetakoa, 610. urtean sortu zen, <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_(goiaingerua)" title="Gabriel (goiaingerua)">Gabriel Goiaingeruak</a> Hira mendian <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahomari</a> egindako errebelazioaren bitartez. Errebelazioa <i>aleya</i> deritzen bertsetetan agertzen da; horiek sura deituriko kapitulutan biltzen dira, organikoki <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koranaren</a> testu sakratua eratzen dutenak. Mahoma profeta 632an hil zen, eta jarraitzaileak haren haren ondorengoa nor izango zen zalantzan jartzen hasi ziren. </p><p>Lehen hiru kalifak <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar" title="Omar">Omar</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a> izan ziren. Azken horren hilketaren ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali Ibn Abi Talibek</a>, Mahomaren lehengusu eta suhiak (Ali <a href="/wiki/Fatima_az-Zahra" title="Fatima az-Zahra">Fatimarekin</a>, Mahomaren alabarekin, ezkondu zen), eta haren biloben aitak, oinordekotza eskubideak aldarrikatu zituen, eta laugarren kalifatzat (656-661) aukeratu zuten, nahiz eta ez aho batez; <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I.a" title="Muawiyah I.a">Muawiyahren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Omeiatar_Kalifa-herria" title="Omeiatar Kalifa-herria">omeiatarren</a> taldekoa eta <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siriako</a> gobernadore) oposizio bortitz batekin topo egin zuen. Bi taldeak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siffineko_gudua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siffineko gudua (sortu gabe)">Siffineko guduan</a> borrokatu ziren 657an, non Aliren aldekoak garaituak izan ziren, eta Muawiyah kalifa berritzat hartu zuten. Ali 661ean hil zuten, eta haren jarraitzaileek bere semea, <a href="/wiki/Husain_ibn_Ali" title="Husain ibn Ali">Hussein</a>, oinordekotzat onartu zuten; geroago, <a href="/wiki/Karbalako_gudua" title="Karbalako gudua">Kerbalako guduan</a> hil zen (680). Gatazka horrek islamaren barruko bi talde garrantzitsuenak sortu zituen: suniak eta <a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">xiiak</a>. Hirugarren talderik garrantzitsuena <a href="/wiki/Kharijismo" title="Kharijismo">kharijiak</a> dira. </p><p>Musulmanen % 85 ordezkatzen dituzten suniek lehen lau <a href="/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa">kalifak</a> aukeratu zituzten, «Ongi Gidatuak» izenekoak. Suni izena <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah"><i>sunna</i>tik</a> dator, «Ahl as-Sunnah ul-Muhammad wa’l-Jamāah» esamolde arabiarretik, eta Mahomaren jarraibide eta komunitatearen herria esan nahi du. Suniak izena jasotzen dute <i>sunna</i>ri ematen dioten garrantziagatik, Mahomari egotzitako eta ahoz transmititutako esaera eta gertakarien bilduma. Bestela esanda, Koranen ez ezik, <i>sunna</i>n ere oinarritzen dira. </p><p>Xiiek, musulmanen % 10 inguru, uste dute Ali izan zela Mahomaren ondorengotza lerroaren abiarazlea. Etimologikoki, xii hitza <i>Xiat Ali</i>-tik dator (Aliren alderdia). Xiien ustez, Ali hil ondorengo kalifak usurpatzaileak dira. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kharijismo" title="Kharijismo">Kharijiak</a> uste dute kalifaren duintasuna komunitateak ematen duela; beraz, duinena aukeratu behar du libreki, «esklabo beltza bada ere». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Kaaba_daylight.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kaaba_daylight.png/220px-Kaaba_daylight.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kaaba_daylight.png/330px-Kaaba_daylight.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kaaba_daylight.png/440px-Kaaba_daylight.png 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Meka">Mekako</a> <a href="/wiki/Meskita" title="Meskita">meskita</a> munduko handiena eta garrantzitsuena da.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ohiko akats bat izaten da onartzea islam suniak islam normatibo bat ordezkatzen duela, Mahoma hil eta hurrengo aldian sortu zena, eta sufismoa eta xiismoa islam sunitik garatu zirela<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pertzepzio hori da, neurri batean, lan historiko fidagarri gisa onartu direlako iturri oso ideologikoetan oinarritutakoak, baita musulman gehien-gehienak suniak direlako ere. Egia esan, bai sunismoa zein xiismoa ideologien arteko hainbat mendetako lehiaren emaitza dira. Bi alderdiak erabili izan dira bata besteari beren identitate eta doktrina propioak oinarritzeko<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Lehenengo lau <a href="/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa">kalifak</a> «Raxidun» (Ongi Gidatuak) izenez ezagutzen dira sunien artean. Suniek lehen aipatutako <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> hartzen dute lehen kalifatzat; <a href="/wiki/Omar" title="Omar">Omar</a>, bigarrena; <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a>, hirugarrena, eta <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a>, laugarrena<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sunitek hainbat agintari hartu zituzten kalifatzat, baina ez zuten beste inor sartu raxidunen zerrendan Aliren hilketaren ostean; harik eta 1924ko martxoaren 3an, <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkian</a>, konstituzioak kalifatza indargabetu zuen arte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalifatzatik_Banu_Omeia_klanaren_monarkia_dinastikora_trantsizioa">Kalifatzatik Banu Omeia klanaren monarkia dinastikora trantsizioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kalifatzatik Banu Omeia klanaren monarkia dinastikora trantsizioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kalifatzatik Banu Omeia klanaren monarkia dinastikora trantsizioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>632an hil zenerako (62 urte zituela), <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahomak</a> <a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Meka">Meka</a> konkistatua zuen, eta Arabiako tribuak elkartuak zituen gobernu erlijioso bakar baten mendean. Mahomak, dagoeneko, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medinako_Gutuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medinako Gutuna (sortu gabe)">Medinako Gutuna</a> proposatua zuen, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medinako</a> tribuen arteko borroka garratzei amaiera emateko sortutako konstituzioa, komunitate musulman, judu eta paganoentzako eskubide eta erantzukizun kopuru bat ezarriz eta guztiak <a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma"><i>umma</i>ren</a> pean batuz. Mahomaren iraultzak aldaketa sozial ugari eragin zituen, eta gutxi gorabeherako gizarte berdinzale bat sortu zuen. Mahomaren heriotzarekin, komunitate musulmanaren buruzagitza nork hartu behar zueneko eztabaidak hasi ziren. <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, Mahomaren lagun mina eta laguna, aukeratu zuten lehen kalifatzat. Abu Bakrren gobernupean, musulmanek tribu arabiarren matxinada bat zapaldu zuten, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridda_Gerrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridda Gerrak (sortu gabe)">Ridda Gerrak</a> (Apostasiaren Gerrak) izenez ezagutzen den pasartea. <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Korana</a> liburu bakar batean bildu zen garai horretan. Abu Bakr 634an hil zen, aukeratua izan eta bi urtera, eta <a href="/wiki/Omar" title="Omar">Omar ibn al-Khattab</a> aukeratu zuten bigarren kalifatzat. </p><p>Omarrek antzematen zuen moduan, kalifatzatik erresumarako metamorfosiaren haziak ereinda ziren <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a> hirugarren kalifaren erregimenez geroztik. Hark Banu Omeia klaneko kide asko izendatu zituen gobernuko kargu garrantzitsuenetarako, <a href="/wiki/Marwan_I.a" title="Marwan I.a">Marwan</a> eta bere anaierdia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Walid_ibn_Uqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Walid ibn Uqa (sortu gabe)">Al-Walid ibn Uqa</a> barne. Hori izan zen, hain zuzen ere, liskarren zergatia eta Omarren hilketa ekarriko zuen ondorio nagusia, baita, jarraian, Aliren garaian eta Muawiyaren matxinadan (Uthmanen klaneko beste kide bat) piztuko ziren borrokarenak ere. Azken batean, Banu Omeia klanaren esku zegoen botere dinastiko sendo bat ezarri zenean gertatu zen hori guztia, <a href="/wiki/Husain_ibn_Ali" title="Husain ibn Ali">Husain</a> (Alik Fatimarekin izandako seme gazteena) <a href="/wiki/Kerbalako_gudua" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerbalako gudua">Kerbalako guduan</a> hil ondoren. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Omeiatarren_dinastia" title="Omeiatarren dinastia">Omeiatar klana</a> <a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Meka">Mekako</a> eliteen tribua zen, justu Meka konkistatu baino lehentxeago arte <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahomaren</a> aurka gogor egin zuena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sufyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Sufyan (sortu gabe)">Abu Sufyanen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I.a" title="Muawiyah I.a">Muawiyahren</a> aita) gidaritzapean. Uthman, Mahomaren oinordeko gisa, <a href="/wiki/Kalifa-herri" title="Kalifa-herri">kalifatzara</a> igo zenean, ondasunak zituztenen eta ez zituztenen artean estratifikatutako gizarte batek ordezkatu zuen Mahomaren iraultzaren ondorioz sortutako gizarte berdinzalea, nepotismoari esker eta, El-Hibriren hitzetan: «karitate erlijiosoko diru-sarrerak (<i>zakat</i>) familiaren interesak babesteko erabili zituelako»<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Laugarren kalifa, <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a>, Uthmanen ondorengoa, bizimodu soilari eutsi zion bere erregimen laburreko denboran, eta ahalegin handiz saiatu zen berriro ezartzen Mahomaren mezuan idealizatutako berdintasunezko sistema eta agintariaren gainetiko legearen nagusitasuna, baina etengabeko aurkakotasunarekin eta ondoz ondoko gerrekin egin zuen topo: lehen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gameluaren_gudua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gameluaren gudua (sortu gabe)">Aixa<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"></sup></a><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a>, Talhah eta Zubair-en arteko aliantzaren aurka; gero, Muawiyaren aurka, eta, azkenik, <a href="/wiki/Kharijismo" title="Kharijismo">kharijien</a> aurka. Bere heriotzaren ondoren, jarraitzaileek <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan ibn Ali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fatima_az-Zahra" title="Fatima az-Zahra">Fatimarekin</a> zuen seme zaharrena) aukeratu zuten ondorengo bezala. Hasanek, ordea, <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I.a" title="Muawiyah I.a">Muawiyahrekin</a> hitzarmen bat sinatu zuen berehala, haren mesedetan botereari uko eginez, beste batzuen artean baldintza bat jarriz: bestea baino gehiago bizirik irauten zuen bietako edozein kalifa izango zela eta kalifa horrek ez zuela oinordekorik izendatuko, baizik eta jendearen esku utziko zuela auzia. Hasan pozoituta hil zen, eta Muawiyahk aurkaririk gabeko boterea lortu zuen. Hasanekin zuen tratatua ohoratu gabe, <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I.a" title="Yazid I.a">Yazid</a> semea izendatu zuen ondorengo. Muawiyah hil ondoren, Yazidek bere aliantza eskaintzeko eskatu zion <a href="/wiki/Husain_ibn_Ali" title="Husain ibn Ali">Husaini</a> (Aliren seme eta Mahomaren biloba zen Hasanen anaia gazteari), baina hark uko egin zion. Orduan, Yaziden armadak bere karabana inguratu zuen <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Kerbalan</a>, eta bertan hil zuten bere lagun guztiekin, guztira 72 lagun. Guduak egun bat iraun zuen, non Yazid subiranotzat ezarri zen; bere heriotzaren ostean, bere dinastiaren aurkako herriaren altxamendu indartsu bat lehertu zen Kerbalako sarraskia mendekatzeko. Banu Omeia klanak, ordea, berehala zapaldu zuen altxamendua, eta mundu musulmana gobernatu zuen, azkenean <a href="/wiki/Abbastar_Kalifa-herria" title="Abbastar Kalifa-herria">abbastar kalifatzak</a> kanporatu zituen arte<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalifatza_eta_Banu_Abbasid_klanaren_Monarkia_Dinastikoa">Kalifatza eta Banu Abbasid klanaren Monarkia Dinastikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kalifatza eta Banu Abbasid klanaren Monarkia Dinastikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kalifatza eta Banu Abbasid klanaren Monarkia Dinastikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omeiatarren klanaren gobernua eta kalifatza bukatu zen <a href="/wiki/Abbastarren_dinastia" title="Abbastarren dinastia">Abbastar klanaren</a> eskuetan erori zenean, Banu Haxim klanaren adar bat, Mahomaren tribua, eta, 750. urtetik aurrera, kalifatza gisa deskribaturiko beste monarkia dinastiko bati hasiera eman zion. Garai hori suni islamaren formakuntza gisa ikusten da, lau eskolen sortzaileek (<a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Al-Xafi'i</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Hanbal" title="Ahmad bin Hanbal">Ahmad bin Hanbal</a>) guztiak praktikatu zutena , baita <a href="/wiki/Jafar_al-Sadiq" title="Jafar al-Sadiq">Jafar al-Sadiq</a> ere, <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imamatzaren</a> doktrina landu zuena, <a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">xiien</a> pentsamendu erlijiosoaren oinarria. <a href="/wiki/Abbastar_Kalifa-herria" title="Abbastar Kalifa-herria">Abbastar kalifatzan</a>, ez zegoen ondorengotza zehazteko formula argirik. Hiltzen ari zen <a href="/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa">kalifaren</a> bizpahiru seme edo beste senide agertzen ziren tronurako hautagai gisa, bakoitza bere jarraitzaile taldearen babesarekin. Orduan, indar-proba bat gertatzen zen elkarren artean; talderik boteretsuenak irabazten zuen, eta, behin tronura igotzean, sostengatu zutenek kalifaren faborearen zain zeuden. Dinastia horren kalifatza <a href="/wiki/Al-Mamun" title="Al-Mamun">Al-Mamun</a> kalifaren heriotzarekin amaitu zen, 833. urtean, <a href="/wiki/Turkiar" title="Turkiar">turkiarren</a> menderatze garaia hasi zenean<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam_sunia_aro_garaikidean">Islam sunia aro garaikidean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Islam sunia aro garaikidean»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Islam sunia aro garaikidean"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/220px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/330px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/440px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Istiqlal meskita, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakartan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerraren</a> amaieran, <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">Otomandar Inperioa</a> erori zen, sei mendez sunien inperio handiena izan zena, eta horrek markatu zuen kalifatzaren amaiera. Gertaerak sunien protestak eragin zituen leku urrunetan, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiako</a> Khilafat mugimenduan esaterako, gero (<a href="/wiki/Britainia_Handia" title="Britainia Handia">Britainia Handitik</a> independentzia lortu ondoren) sunien mende zegoen <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> India sekularretik banandu zuena. Pakistan (sortu zenean biztanle suni gehien zituen estatua), gero, Pakistan eta <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> estatuetan banatu zen. <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Kalifa-herria" title="Otomandar Kalifa-herria">Otomandar kalifatzaren</a> erorketak <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabiako_historia" title="Saudi Arabiako historia">Saudi Arabiaren</a> sorrera ere ekarri zuen, <a href="/wiki/Britainiar" title="Britainiar">britainiarren</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (sortu gabe)">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a> <a href="/wiki/Wahhabismo" title="Wahhabismo">wahhabismoaren</a> sortzailearen babesarekin sortutako monarkia dinastiko absolutua<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Horren ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Wahhabismo" title="Wahhabismo">wahhabismoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salafismo" title="Salafismo">salafismoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Jihadismo" title="Jihadismo">jihadismoa</a> sortu ziren, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyah" title="Ibn Taymiyah">Ibn Taimiyahren</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Hanbal" title="Ahmad bin Hanbal">Ahmad bin Hanbalen</a> tradizioen defendatzaile sutsuaren) predikazioen eraginpean. <a href="/wiki/Gerra_Hotza" title="Gerra Hotza">Gerra hotzak</a> eragindako inguruabarrak amaitu ziren Pakistanen errefuxiatu <a href="/wiki/Afganistandar" title="Afganistandar">afganistandarren</a> erradikalizatzearen aldeko aldarriekin. Afganistandar errefuxiatuek trebatu eta armatu ziren <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistanen</a> zeuden <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna" title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna">SESBeko</a> indarrek babestutako erregimen <a href="/wiki/Komunismo" title="Komunismo">komunistaren</a> aurka borrokatzeko; horrek <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">talibanak</a> sorrarazi zituen. Talibanek boterea kendu zieten komunistei Afganistanen, eta gobernu osatu zuten <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Omar" title="Mohammed Omar">Mohammed Omarren</a> gidaritzapean, zeinari «Fededunen emirra» deitu baitzioten, kalifei deitzeko ohorezko modua. Pakistanek eta Saudi Arabiak talibanen erregimena onartu zuten, <a href="/wiki/2001eko_irailaren_11ko_atentatuak" title="2001eko irailaren 11ko atentatuak">irailaren 11n</a> <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Ladenek</a> (jaiotzez saudiarra eta talibanek babestua) bultzatutako atentatuak gertatu arte, talibanen aurkako eta terrorismoaren aurkako gerra suertatu arte<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>XX. mendeko gertaeren sekuentziak erresumina eragin du sunien komunitateko sektore batzuetan, aurretik sunien mendekoak ziren zenbait eskualdetan nagusitasuna galtzearen ondorioz, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Sortalde_(Ekialde_Hurbila)" title="Sortalde (Ekialde Hurbila)">Ekialdean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkanetako_historia" title="Balkanetako historia">Balkanetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iparraldeko_Kaukaso" title="Iparraldeko Kaukaso">Ipar Kaukason</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Indiako_azpikontinentea" title="Indiako azpikontinentea">Indiako azpikontinentean</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Salafismo" title="Salafismo">Salafien</a> talde batek kalifa suni bat berrezartzeko egindako azken saiakera, <a href="/wiki/Estatu_Islamikoa" title="Estatu Islamikoa">Estatu Islamikoaren</a> talde militantearen sorreran ikusi zen; <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> liderra, izan ere, kalifa eta «Amir-al-maumineen» (Fededunen komandantea) izena ematen diote<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Jihadismo" title="Jihadismo">Jihadismoa</a>, ordea, komunitate musulmanaren (<a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma"><i>umma</i></a> arabieraz) barnealdetik oposizioaren objektu da munduko eskualde guztietan, Estatu Islamikoaren aurkako Londresko biztanleria musulmanaren ia % 2aren protestetan agerian geratzen denez<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Kathir (sortu gabe)">Ibn Kathir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Abduh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Abduh (sortu gabe)">Muhammad Abduh</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhmmad_Raxid_Rida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhmmad Raxid Rida (sortu gabe)">Muhmmad Raxid Ridaren</a> hurbilketa puritanoari jarraituz, gaur egungo <i>tafsi</i> (tratatu exegetiko) askok garrantzia kentzen diote Bibliako (Isra'iliyyat) materialaren aurreko esanahiari. Iruzkin arabiarren erdiek, oro har, «Isra'iliyyat»a gaitzesten dute, eta Turkiako <i>tafsir</i>-ek, berriz, Bibliako materialari erreferentzia partzialak egiteko aukera ematen dute. Hala ere, arabiarrak ez diren iruzkingile gehienek, berriz, alferrikakotzat edo aplikaezintzat jotzen dituzte<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ezin izan zen Israel eta Palestinaren arteko gatazkaren zuzeneko erreferentziarik aurkitu. Oraindik ez dago argi «Isra'ilyyat»i uko egitea diskurtso politikoak edo pentsamendu tradizionalistak bakarrik eragin duen<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. «Tafsir'ilmi»ren erabilera egungo tafsir sunien beste ezaugarri nabarmen bat da. <i>Tafsir'ilmi</i>a Koranen aurkitutako ustezko mirari zientifikoz ari da. Laburbilduz, ideia da Koranak VII. mendeko autore batek eduki ezingo lituzkeen gaiei buruzko ezagutza duela. Horrelako interpretazioak ezagunak dira iruzkingile askoren artean. Hala ere, zenbait akademikok, <a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_unibertsitatea" title="Al-Azhar unibertsitatea">Al-Azhar Unibertsitateko</a> iruzkingileek adibidez, errefusatu egiten dute hurbilketa hori, argudiatuz Korana gida erlijiosoarentzako testu bat dela, ez gero gezurta daitezkeen zientzia eta teoria zientifikoentzat; horrela, <i>tafsir'ilmi</i>ak faltsukeria gisa interpretatzera eraman lezake Koraneko pasarteak<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Interpretazio islamiarraren joera modernoak uste du horiek audientzia modernoari egokitzen zaizkiola eta islama ustezko aldaketetatik garbitzen dutela. Horietako batzuk islamean sartutako nahita egindako hondatzeak direla uste da, haren mezua gutxitzeko eta hondatzeko<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jarraitzaileak">Jarraitzaileak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jarraitzaileak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Jarraitzaileak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahoma profetaren bidelagun ziren sahabarrak islamaren transmisore fidelak zirela uste dute suniek, bada, Jainkoak eta Mahomak haren osotasuna onartu baitzuten<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Erdi_Aroa" title="Erdi Aroa">Erdi Aroko</a> iturriek haiek madarikatzea edo arbuiatzea ere debekatzen dute. Sinesmen hori tradizio profetikoetan oinarritzen da, hala nola Abdullah ibn Masud-ek kontatutakoa, zeinean Mahomak esaten duen: «Pertsonarik onenak nire belaunaldian daude; gero, atzetik datozenak, eta, ondoren, haien atzetik datozenak»<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Suniek diotenez perspektiba horren babesa ere badago Koranen. Beraz, sahaben historiak ere konfiantzaz hartzen dira kontuan fede islamikoa ezagutzeko. Sunien ustez ere, laguntzaileak benetako fededunak ziren, bada, haiei esleitu baitzitzaien Korana biltzeko lana. </p><p>Suni islamak ez du hierarkia formalik. Liderrak informalak dira, eta eragina irabazten dute ikerketaren bidez lege islamikoaren (<a href="/wiki/Xaria" title="Xaria">Xaria</a>) edo teologia islamikoaren (<a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a>) ikasle bihurtuz. Lidergo erlijioso eta politikoa musulman guztiei irekita dago, printzipioz<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Hego_Carolina" title="Hego Carolina">Hego Carolinako</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia_Zentro_Islamikoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbia Zentro Islamikoa (sortu gabe)">Columbia Zentro Islamikoaren</a> arabera, adimena eta borondatea duen edonork egin dezake eskola-kide islamikoa. Meskitetako eguneko zerbitzuetan, ostiraletan, kongregazioak ondo hezitako pertsona bat aukeratzen du zerbitzua zuzentzeko, «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jatib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jatib (sortu gabe)">Jatib</a>» (hitz egiten duena) izenez ezagutzen dena<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pew_Research_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pew Research Center (sortu gabe)">Pew Research Center-ek</a> 2010ean egindako eta 2011ko<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> urtarrilean argitaratutako ikerketa baten arabera, mila eta seiehun milioi musulman daude munduan, eta horietatik % 85-90 suniak dira<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>1. Fede-aitortza. Testigantzen aurrean eta bizitzako une nagusietan, fededunak formula hau esan behar du buruz: «Ez dago Jainkorik Jainkoa izan ezik, eta Mahoma da bere profeta». Bestalde, musulmana izateko ez dago iniziazio edo bataio erriturik, fede lanbide hori baino ez da esan behar. </p><p>2. Otoitz errituala. Egunean bost aldiz, ordu jakinetan eta Mekara begiratuz, fededunek otoitzarekin Alari zuzendu behar diote. Otoitz bakarra, ostiral eguerdikoa, amankomunean eta meskitan egin behar da. Koranaren <i>sura</i>k errezitatzen dira, eta beti «Allah akbar» (Ala handia da) esaera errepikatzen da. </p><p>3. Limosna. Limosnak bi modalitate ditu: bat-batean eta askatasunez Jainkoari atsegin emateko egindakoa, eta arauzkoa eta derrigorrezkoa (<i>zakat</i>); horren arabera, musulman guztiek behartsuei eta komunitateari beren errenten eta kapitalaren hamarren bat eman behar diete. </p><p>4. Baraualdia <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">ramadanaren</a> hilabetean. Ilargiaren egutegiko bederatzigarren hilabetea da ramadana, eta hilabete horretan hasi zen Koranen errebelazioa. Egunsentitik ilunabarrera arte, fededunek ez dute, ez jan, ez eta edan behar, ezta erre eta sexu-harremanik izan ere. </p><p>5. Mekarako erromesaldia. Bizitzan behin gutxienez, nahikoa baliabide duten musulman helduek erromes joan behar dute Mekara eta Meskita Handira; «Harri beltza» edo «Ka'ba»ren aurrean, elkarrekin aditzera eman behar dute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280">«Sunni Islam - Oxford Islamic Studies Online»</a> <i>www.oxfordislamicstudies.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-04-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBraswell2000">Braswell, George W., Jr..  (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42428848"><i>What you need to know about Islam & Muslims. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-8054-1829-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-8054-1829-6">0-8054-1829-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=42428848">42428848</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-04-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFNasir2009">Nasir, Jamal J..  (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/568651694"><i>The status of women under Islamic law and modern Islamic legislation. </i></a> (3rd ed. rev. and updated work. argitaraldia) Brill <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-90-474-2620-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-90-474-2620-2">978-90-474-2620-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=568651694">568651694</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-04-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFThackrah2013-09-05">Thackrah, John Richard.  (2013-09-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books/about/Dictionary_of_Terrorism.html?id=1WuQFDvGjsAC&redir_esc=y"><i>Dictionary of Terrorism. </i></a> Routledge <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-135-16595-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-135-16595-6">978-1-135-16595-6</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-04-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBurton1994">Burton, John.  (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32115306"><i>An introduction to the Ḥadīth. </i></a> Edinburgh University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-7486-0435-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-7486-0435-9">0-7486-0435-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=32115306">32115306</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-04-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280?_hi=2&_pos=2">Sunni Islam</a>». <i>Oxford Islamic Studies</i> (ingelesez). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Consultado el 2 de abril de 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Esposito, John (2011). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/What_Everyone_Needs_to_Know_about_Islam/2wSVQI3Ya2EC?hl=en&gbpv=0">What everyone needs to know about Islam</a></i> (2. edizioa). Oxford University Press, USA. p. 49. <small><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9780199794133" class="extiw" title="es:Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9780199794133">ISBN 9780199794133</a></small>. Consultado el 2 de abril de 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEss2011">Ess, Josef van.  (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/754713668"><i>Der Eine und das Andere : Beobachtungen an islamischen häresiographischen Texten. </i></a> Walter de Gruyter <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-3-11-021578-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-3-11-021578-6">978-3-11-021578-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=754713668">754713668</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-04-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, Aaron (2013). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=95jSBFFaDkUC&pg=PA115">Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam</a></i>. Columbia University Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780231531924" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0231531924</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, Aaron (2013). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=95jSBFFaDkUC&pg=PA115">Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam</a></i>. Columbia University Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780231531924" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0231531924</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Tore Kjeilen. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001160622/http://lexicorient.com/e.o/ali.htm">Lexic Orient.com</a>". Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">El-Hibri, Tayeb (22 October 2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Parable-Politics-Early-Islamic-History-ebook/dp/B0060LSOCE/ref=mt_kindle?_encoding=UTF8&me=">Parable and Politics in Early Islamic History:The Rashidun Caliphs</a></i>. New York Chichester West Sussex: A Columbia University Press. p. 526 (kindle). <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780231521659" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0231521659</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Maududi, Abul A'la (July 2000). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lDfeCQzP1cYC&pg=PT1">Khilafat o Malookiat</a></i> [<i>Caliphate and Monarchistic</i>] (in Urdu). Lahore, Pakistan: Adara Tarjuman-ul-Quran (Private) Ltd, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan. pp. 105–153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Hazleton, Lesley (4 September 2009). <i><a href="//archive.org/details/afterprophetepic0000hazl/page/193" class="extiw" title="iarchive:afterprophetepic0000hazl/page/193">After the Prophet:The Epic Story of Shia-Sunni Split in Islam</a></i>. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland: Anchor (Doubleday). p. 193 (kindle). <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780385523936" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0385523936</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Euskaltzaindia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak/Araua_0165.pdf">165. araua</a>, Arabieraren alfabetoan idatzitako izenak euskarara aldatzeko transkripzio-sistema.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFIrving1859">Irving, Washington.  (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TWAOAAAAQAAJ"><i>Lives of the Successors of Mahomet. </i></a> print. by W. Clowes <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Nadvi, Syed Abul Hasan Ali. <i>Al-Murtaza</i> [<i>The Murtaza</i>] (in Urdu). Karachi Pakistan: Majlis-e-Nashriyat-e-Islam. pp. 218–382</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Maududi, Abul A'la (July 2000). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lDfeCQzP1cYC&pg=PT1">Khilafat o Malookiat</a></i> [<i>Caliphate and Monarchistic</i>] (in Urdu). Lahore, Pakistan: Adara Tarjuman-ul-Quran (Private) Ltd, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan. p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Jafri, Syed Husain Mohammad (976). <i>The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam (Millennium (Series)) (The Millennium (Series).)</i>. Karachi: Oxford University Press (First Published By Longman Group Ltd and Librairie du Liban 1979). pp. 108–109. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780195793871" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0195793871</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy, Hugh (2016). <i>The Early Abbasid Caliphate: A Political History (Routledge Revivals) 1st Edition</i>. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 15–16. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9781138953215" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1138953215</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Gail Minault, <i>The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India</i> (1982).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRogan2015-02-26">Rogan, Eugene.  (2015-02-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tP-4BAAAQBAJ"><i>The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, 1914-1920. </i></a> Penguin Books Limited <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-14-196870-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-14-196870-4">978-0-14-196870-4</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Ian Harris; Stuart Mews; Paul Morris; John Shepherd (1992). <i>Contemporary Religions: A World Guide</i>. Longman. p. 369. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780582086951" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0582086951</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bowen, Wayne H. (2007). <i>The History of Saudi Arabia</i>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780313340123" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0313340123</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Hitti, Philip K. (1970). <i>History of The Arabs</i> (Tenth ed.). Macmillan Education. pp. 689–741. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780333098714" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0333098714</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kepel, Gilles (2003). <i>Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9781845112578" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1845112578</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWiktorowicz2005-02-16">Wiktorowicz, Quintan.  (2005-02-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10576100590905057">«A Genealogy of Radical Islam»</a> <i>Studies in Conflict & Terrorism</i> 28 (2): 75–97.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F10576100590905057">10.1080/10576100590905057</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1057-610X">1057-610X</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Minahan, James (2002). <i>Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations</i>. p. 547</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27801676">«Profile: Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi»</a> <i>BBC News</i> 2014-06-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/cologne-rally-muslims-protest-islamic-extremism-germany-terror-attacks-uk-nichtmituns-not-with-us-a7792876.html">«10,000 Muslims to march against terrorism»</a> <i>The Independent</i> 2017-06-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-07-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-31">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Johanna Pink (2010). <i>Sunnitischer Tafsīr in der modernen islamischen Welt: Akademische Traditionen, Popularisierung und nationalstaatliche Interessen</i>. Brill, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004185920" class="extiw" title="en:Special:BookSources/978-9004185920">ISBN 978-9004185920</a>, pp. 114–116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Johanna Pink (2010). <i>Sunnitischer Tafsīr in der modernen islamischen Welt: Akademische Traditionen, Popularisierung und nationalstaatliche Interessen</i>. Brill, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004185920" class="extiw" title="en:Special:BookSources/978-9004185920">ISBN 978-9004185920</a>, pp. 120–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Coeli Fitzpatrick Ph.D., Adam Hani Walker <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="en:Muhammad">Muhammad</a> in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God [2 volumes]</i> ABC-CLIO, 2014 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610691789" class="extiw" title="en:Special:BookSources/978-1610691789">ISBN 978-1610691789</a> pp. 106–107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/9?startingVerse=100">9:100</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Simone Chambers, Peter Nosco <i>Dissent on Core Beliefs: Religious and Secular Perspectives</i> Cambridge University Press, 2015 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1107101524" class="extiw" title="en:Special:BookSources/978-1107101524">ISBN 978-1107101524</a> p. 138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Masjid al-Muslimiin. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081001220204/http://www.almasjid.com/content/organizational_structure_islam">Organizational Structure Of Islam</a>". The Islamic Center of Columbia (South Carolina). Archived from the original on 1 October 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725215915/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx">Region: Middle East-North Africa</a>". <i>The Future of the Global Muslim Population – Executive Summary</i>. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Ikus: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51">Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia</a> "some 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni"</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327071408/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html">Religions</a>". <i>The World Factbook</i>. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2010. <q>Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population</q></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran">Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran</a> "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15">Iran, Israel and the United States</a> "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252">A dictionary of modern politics</a> "probably 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni"</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730044011/http://www.pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx">Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population</a>". <i>Pew Research Center</i>. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2010. <q>Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.</q></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm">Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism</a>" <i>BBC News</i>. 4 January 2016. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024. <q>The great majority of the world's more than 1.5 billion Muslims are Sunnis - estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%.</q></li> <li>Grossman, Cathy Lynn (24 September 2007). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm">Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA</a>" <i>USA Today</i>. Archived from the original on 10 December 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2019. <q>Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite.</q></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3">Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide</a> Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irakurketa_gehiago">Irakurketa gehiago</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Irakurketa gehiago»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Irakurketa gehiago"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ahmed, Khaled. <i>Sectarian war: Pakistan's Sunni-Shia violence and its links to the Middle East</i> (Oxford University Press, 2011).</li> <li>Charles River Editors. <i>The History of the Sunni and Shia Split: Understanding the Divisions within Islam</i> (2010) 44pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/History-Sunni-Shia-Split-Understanding/dp/1502389983/">excerpt</a>; brief introduction.</li> <li>Farooqi, Mudassir, Sarwar Mehmood Azhar, and Rubeena Tashfeen. "Jihadist Organizations History and Analysis." <i>Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies</i> 43.1/2 (2018): 142–151. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jspes.org/samples/JSPES43_1_2farooqi.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Gesink, Indira Falk. <i>Islamic reform and conservatism: Al-Azhar and the evolution of modern Sunni Islam</i> (Tauris Academic Studies, 2010)</li> <li>Haddad, Fanar. <i>Understanding 'Sectarianism': Sunni-Shi'a Relations in the Modern Arab World</i> (Oxford UP, 2020).</li> <li>Haddad, Fanar. "Anti-Sunnism and anti-Shiism: Minorities, majorities and the question of equivalence." <i>Mediterranean Politics</i> (2020): 1–7 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/61657158/Online_pub20200101-92953-1264chc.pdf">online</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: January 2024">Esteka hautsia</span></a></i>]</span></sup>.</li> <li>Halverson, Jeffry. <i>Theology and creed in Sunni Islam: the Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and political Sunnism</i> (Springer, 2010).</li> <li>Hazleton, Lesley. <i>After the prophet: the epic story of the Shia-Sunni split in Islam</i> (Anchor, 2010).</li> <li>Kamolnick, Paul. <i>The Al-Qaeda Organization and the Islamic State Organization: History, Doctrine, Modus, Operandi, and US Policy to Degrade and Defeat Terrorism Conducted in the Name of Sunni Islam</i> (Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army War College, 2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1127&context=etsu_books">online</a>.</li> <li>Khaddour, Kheder. <i>Localism, War, and the Fragmentation of Sunni Islam in Syria</i> (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace., 2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/files/03_19_Khaddour_Syria_Islam_final.pdf">online</a>.</li> <li>McHugo, John. <i>A Concise History of Sunnis and Shi'is</i> (2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Concise-History-Sunnis-Shiis/dp/1626165866/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Nuruzzaman, Mohammed. "Conflicts in Sunni Political Islam and Their Implications." <i>Strategic Analysis</i> 41.3 (2017): 285–296 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/52188176/Conflicts_Sunni_Political_Islam.pdf">online</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: January 2024">Esteka hautsia</span></a></i>]</span></sup>.</li> <li>Nydell, Margaret K. <i>Understanding Arabs: A guide for modern times</i> (3rd ed. Hachette UK, 2018).</li> <li><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPatler2017">Patler, Nicholas.  (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/"><i>From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey Into the American Civil Rights Movement. </i></a> The Islamic Monthly</span>.</li> <li>Tezcan, Baki. "The Disenchantment of Sufism, the Rationalization of Sunni Islam, and Early Modernity." <i>Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association</i> 7.1 (2020): 67–69 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jottturstuass.7.1.21">online</a>.</li> <li>Wheeler, Branon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=slLpouSlzPcC">Applying the Canon in Islam: The Authorization and Maintenance of Interpretive Reasoning in Ḥanafī Scholarship</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SUNY_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SUNY Press (sortu gabe)">SUNY Press</a>, 1996.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarean">Sarean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunismo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sarean»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#C5FFD0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Islam" title="Txantiloi:Islam"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";background:#C5FFD0;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Islam (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";background:#C5FFD0;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Islam&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";background:#C5FFD0;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; vertical-align:text-top; transform:rotate(0.1deg); background:#B1F9C7;"><a href="/wiki/Dotrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dotrina">Dotrina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Jainkoa" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Jainkoa">Jainkoa</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ala" title="Ala">Ala</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Literatura</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#D3FFDF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Profeziak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhufi_Ibrahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suhufi Ibrahim (sortu gabe)">Suhufi Ibrahim</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taurat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taurat (sortu gabe)">Taurat</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zabur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zabur (sortu gabe)">Zabur</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Injil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Injil (sortu gabe)">Injil</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Korana" class="mw-redirect" title="Korana">Korana</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#D3FFDF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Kodizeak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Sineskera eta oinarriak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fatua" title="Fatua">Fatua</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Taqiya" title="Taqiya">Taqiya</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Xaria" title="Xaria">Xaria</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Islamaren_bost_euskarriak" title="Islamaren bost euskarriak">Islamaren bost euskarriak</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Praktikak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">Otoitzak</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Xahada" title="Xahada">Fede profesioa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Haj" title="Haj">Erromesaldia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sawm" title="Sawm">Baraua</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Limosna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Leku sakratuak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Zamzam_putzua" title="Zamzam putzua">Zamzam putzua</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Meka">Meka</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Nabawi" title="Masjid al-Nabawi">Masjid al-Nabawi</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Arrokaren_Kupula" title="Arrokaren Kupula">Arrokaren Kupula</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Al_Aksa_meskita" title="Al Aksa meskita">Al Aksa meskita</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Meskiten_Zelaigunea" title="Meskiten Zelaigunea">Meskiten Zelaigunea</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; vertical-align:text-top; transform:rotate(0.1deg); background:#B1F9C7;"><a href="/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta">Profetak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ulul Azmi</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Noe" title="Noe">Nuh</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim" title="Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Moises" title="Moises">Musa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Nazaretekoa" title="Jesus Nazaretekoa">Isa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahoma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Koranekoak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adan" class="mw-redirect" title="Adan">Adan</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enok (sortu gabe)">Idris</a>  •  Nuh  •  <a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Hud</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selá (sortu gabe)">Salé</a>  •  Ibrahim  •  <a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lut</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismail</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Isaak" title="Isaak">Ishaq</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jakob" title="Jakob">Yaqub</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Josef" title="Josef">Yusuf</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Job" class="mw-disambig" title="Job">Ayub</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xetr%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xetró (sortu gabe)">Shoaib</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Moises" title="Moises">Musa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Harun</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Zulkifl</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Dabid" title="Dabid">Daud</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Salomon" title="Salomon">Suleiman</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Elias" title="Elias">Ilyas</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliseo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eliseo (sortu gabe)">Al-Yasa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jonas" title="Jonas">Yunus</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Zakarias_(profeta)" title="Zakarias (profeta)">Zakariya</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Joan_Bataiatzailea" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Bataiatzailea">Yahya</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jesus_islamean" title="Jesus islamean">Isa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Mahoma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;white-space:normal; vertical-align: text-top; background:#BDFDCB;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Bestelakoak</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#F0FFF5;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Elisabet_(Biblia)" title="Elisabet (Biblia)">Aliassabat</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Daniel" title="Daniel">Daniel</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shem (sortu gabe)">Semi</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Set&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Set (sortu gabe)">Shit</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Josue" title="Josue">Josue</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_(profeta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel (profeta) (sortu gabe)">Samuil</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Isaias" title="Isaias">Isaias</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremias_(profeta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremias (profeta) (sortu gabe)">Jeremias</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idris (sortu gabe)">Idris</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; vertical-align:text-top; transform:rotate(0.1deg); background:#B1F9C7;">Adarrak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#FAFFFB;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadismo" title="Ahmadismo">Ahmadismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Alauismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauismo">Alauismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi">Deobandia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Hamabitar_xiismo" title="Hamabitar xiismo">Hamabitarra</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ibadhismo" title="Ibadhismo">Ibadhismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ismailismo" title="Ismailismo">Ismailismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Jihadismo" title="Jihadismo">Jihadismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Kharijismo" title="Kharijismo">Kharijismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Koranismo" title="Koranismo">Koranismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Salafismo" title="Salafismo">Salafismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sufismo" title="Sufismo">Sufismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sunnismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnismo">Sunnismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Xiismo" title="Xiismo">Xiismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Wahhabismo" title="Wahhabismo">Wahhabismoa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Zaidismo" title="Zaidismo">Zaidismoa</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C0FACB;"><div><span style="font-size:140%;">✝</span> <a href="/wiki/Kristautasuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristautasuna">Kristautasuna</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Judaismoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaismoa">Judaismoa</a> <span style="font-size:150%;">✡</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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