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style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9pression" class="mw-disambig" title="Dépression">Dépression</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Physique" title="Physique">physique</a>, le mot <b>dépression</b> désigne : </p> <ul><li>en général, une diminution de la <a href="/wiki/Pression" title="Pression">pression</a>, par rapport à une pression de référence ;</li> <li>dans un cas particulier, la baisse de niveau d'un liquide dans un tube capillaire en forme de U. <dl><dd>L'origine du mot vient d'un moyen de mesure : était branché par un tuyau le volume de gaz dont on veut mesurer la dépression à l'une des extrémités d'un tube de verre en U rempli à moitié d'<a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">eau</a> colorée : les niveaux de liquide dans les deux branches sont égaux. Si la pression du volume baisse, il aspire le liquide dans la colonne du U à laquelle il est joint, et corrélativement baisse le niveau du liquide coloré dans la colonne du U restée en relation avec la pression atmosphérique par son extrémité ouverte, dans laquelle il y a <i>dépression du niveau</i> du liquide coloré.</dd> <dd>Plus tard, le liquide coloré sera remplacé par du <a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)">mercure</a>, d'une densité 13,6 fois plus importante, pour mesurer, donc, des dépressions d'autant plus importantes. Ce système sera perfectionné pour, lui-même, devenir l'outil à créer des dépressions dans un arrangement différent du tube en U par l'adjonction d'un <i>goutoir</i>, inventé en 1865 par <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Sprengel" title="Hermann Sprengel">Hermann Sprengel</a> qui lui donne le nom de <a href="/wiki/Trompe_%C3%A0_mercure" class="mw-redirect" title="Trompe à mercure">trompe à mercure</a>.</dd> <dd>L'unité de mesure des pressions a donc été d'abord le <a href="/wiki/Millim%C3%A8tre_de_mercure" title="Millimètre de mercure">millimètre de mercure</a> (mmHg) correspondant à la mesure de la différence des hauteurs des niveaux dans les branches du U, pour ensuite être comparée à la pression atmosphérique. Aujourd'hui l'unité de pression est le <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Pascal (unité)">pascal</a> (Pa).</dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9pression_(physique)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9pression_(physique)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspt.club.fr/Vide.htm">Techniques du vide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paillard.claude.free.fr/triodes/pompes/pompes.html">Pompe à mercure</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Physique" title="Portail de la physique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/24px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/36px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/48px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Physique" title="Portail:Physique">Portail de la physique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dépression_(physique)&oldid=142141949">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dépression_(physique)&oldid=142141949</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Thermodynamique" title="Catégorie:Thermodynamique">Thermodynamique</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Physique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Physique/Articles liés">Portail:Physique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles liés">Portail:Sciences/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 31 octobre 2017 à 17:34.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. 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