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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation_and_Frankish_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_and_Frankish_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Foundation and Frankish rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_and_Frankish_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Byzantine restoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Centre_of_learning_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centre_of_learning_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Centre of learning and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centre_of_learning_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_and_Venetian_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_and_Venetian_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ottoman and Venetian years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_and_Venetian_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subdivisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Historical population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-People_from_Mystras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_from_Mystras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>People from Mystras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_from_Mystras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_buried_in_Mystras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_buried_in_Mystras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>People buried in Mystras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_buried_in_Mystras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mystras</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mystras" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ميستراس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميستراس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistra" title="Mistra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mistra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мистра – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мистра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistr%C3%A0s" title="Mistràs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mistràs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mystras" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mystras" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Μυστράς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μυστράς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistr%C3%A1" title="Mistrá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mistrá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistraso" title="Mistraso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mistraso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistra" title="Mistra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mistra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="میستراس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میستراس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistra" title="Mistra – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mistra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="미스트라스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미스트라스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistras" title="Mistras – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mistras" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mystras" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistra" title="Mistra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mistra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="מיסטרס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיסטרס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მისტრა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მისტრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myzethras" title="Myzethras – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Myzethras" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistra" title="Mistra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mistra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misztr%C3%A1sz" title="Misztrász – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Misztrász" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мистра – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мистра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മീസ്ട്രാസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മീസ്ട്രാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mystras" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მისტრა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მისტრა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ميستراس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميستراس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mystras" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9" title="ミストラス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミストラス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mystras" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystr%C3%A1s" title="Mystrás – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mystrás" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistra" title="Mistra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mistra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistra" title="Mistra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mistra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistras" title="Mistras – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mistras" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistras" title="Mistras – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mistras" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мистра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мистра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mystras" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistra" title="Mistra – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mistra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мистра – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мистра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistras" title="Mistras – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mistras" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mystras" data-language-autonym="Suomi" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistr%C3%A0" title="Mistrà – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mistrà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="米斯特拉斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="米斯特拉斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19053#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mystras&params=37_4_N_22_23_E_type:city_region:GR-J"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°4′N</span> <span class="longitude">22°23′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.067°N 22.383°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.067; 22.383</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fortified town in Peloponnese, Greece</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mistra" redirects here. For the bay in Malta, see <a href="/wiki/Mistra_Bay" title="Mistra Bay">Mistra Bay</a>. For the sedan sold in China, see <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Mistra" title="Hyundai Mistra">Hyundai Mistra</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipal unit in Greece</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Mystras</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="el">Μυστράς</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_and_communities_of_Greece" title="Municipalities and communities of Greece">Municipal unit</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mystras_palace.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Despot's Palace (2008)"><img alt="Despot's Palace (2008)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mystras_palace.JPG/270px-Mystras_palace.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mystras_palace.JPG/405px-Mystras_palace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mystras_palace.JPG/540px-Mystras_palace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Despot's Palace (2008)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greece_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mystras is located in Greece"><img alt="Mystras is located in Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Greece_location_map.svg/270px-Greece_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Greece_location_map.svg/405px-Greece_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Greece_location_map.svg/540px-Greece_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.662%;left:30.398%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mystras"><img alt="Mystras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Mystras</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:line; margin-top:2px"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size:115%; height:auto; padding-right:2em;">Location within the regional unit</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DE_Mystras.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/DE_Mystras.svg/216px-DE_Mystras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="216" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/DE_Mystras.svg/324px-DE_Mystras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/DE_Mystras.svg/432px-DE_Mystras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mystras&params=37_4_N_22_23_E_type:city_region:GR-J"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°4′N</span> <span class="longitude">22°23′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.067°N 22.383°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.067; 22.383</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Greece" title="Regions of Greece">Administrative region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(region)" title="Peloponnese (region)">Peloponnese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional unit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greece" title="Administrative divisions of Greece">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sparti_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparti (municipality)">Sparta</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal unit</th><td class="infobox-data">131.9 km<sup>2</sup> (50.9 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">310 m (1,020 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-census21_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal unit<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,238</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal unit density</th><td class="infobox-data">32/km<sup>2</sup> (83/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Community<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">724</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Greece" title="Postal codes in Greece">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">231 00</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Greece" title="Telephone numbers in Greece">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27310</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Greece" title="Vehicle registration plates of Greece">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ΑΚ</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Archaeological Site of Mystras</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/511">511</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1989 (13th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">54.43 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">1,202.52 ha</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mystras</b> or <b>Mistras</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Μυστρᾶς/Μιστρᾶς</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known in the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_the_Morea" title="Chronicle of the Morea">Chronicle of the Morea</a></i> as <b>Myzethras</b> or <b>Myzithras</b> (Μυζηθρᾶς), is a fortified town and a former <a href="/wiki/Communities_and_Municipalities_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities and Municipalities of Greece">municipality</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(region)" title="Peloponnese (region)">Peloponnese</a>, Greece. Situated on Mt. <a href="/wiki/Taygetus" title="Taygetus">Taygetus</a>, above ancient <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, and below a Frankish castle,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it served as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Despotate of the Morea</a> in the 14th and 15th centuries, experiencing a period of prosperity and cultural flowering during the <a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan Renaissance</a>, including the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Gemistos Plethon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also attracted artists and architects of the highest quality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mystras remained inhabited throughout the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman period</a>, when Western travellers mistook it for ancient Sparta. In the 1830s, it was abandoned and the new town of <a href="/wiki/Sparti_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparti (municipality)">Sparta</a> was built, approximately eight kilometres to the east. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the Sparta municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-Kallikratis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kallikratis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an exceptionally well-preserved example of a Byzantine city and because of its testimony to the development of Late Byzantine and Post-byzantine art, Mystras was inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a> in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mystras is situated on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Taygetos" class="mw-redirect" title="Taygetos">Taygetos</a> Mountain. The archaeological site stands above the modern village of Mystras and the city of Sparta. The greenery surrounding the area is composed mainly by pine trees and cypresses. Some small rivers and lakes are found in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's architecture was influenced by the "Helladic" school of Byzantine architecture, and many structures were informed by the architecture of Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its overall urban planning though was shaped by the steeply sloping topography, with a distinct upper and lower city zone.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the slope making wheeled vehicles impractical, many of the streets are best characterized as footpaths.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main use of a terrace is for the Palace of the Despots (#8 on the plan below), and markets seem to have been located outside of the city walls.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Palace of the Despots expanded over the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and was constituted by several independent, adjoining units. The final main building follows the form of the <a href="/wiki/Tekfur_Saray" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekfur Saray">Tekfur saray</a> in Constantinople/Istanbul: three stories with the topmost devoted to a large audience hall, and the lower levels used for apartments and storerooms.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan Renaissance</a>, the churches of Mystras were covered in elaborate frescoes and were well known for their libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these decorations can still be seen in the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia,_Mystras" title="Hagia Sophia, Mystras">Hagia Sophia</a> church in the archeological site. </p><p>In addition to the Palace of the Despots and its famed late Byzantine churches, Mystras also has remains of several houses set on its hillside, such as the Frangopoulos House and the Laskaris House, both of which are early fifteenth-century buildings that use vaulted substructures for cisterns and stables to create a platform for the main residence. That consisted of a large room fronted by a balcony and with a fireplace in the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_Frankish_rule">Foundation and Frankish rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation and Frankish rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MistraCoronelli1686.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/MistraCoronelli1686.jpg/240px-MistraCoronelli1686.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/MistraCoronelli1686.jpg/360px-MistraCoronelli1686.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/MistraCoronelli1686.jpg/480px-MistraCoronelli1686.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>Mystras, 1686.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC.jpg/240px-%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC.jpg/360px-%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC.jpg/480px-%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4252" data-file-height="3188" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pantanassa_Monastery" title="Pantanassa Monastery">Pantanassa Monastery</a> detail</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 1248, <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Villehardouin" class="mw-redirect" title="William II of Villehardouin">William II of Villehardouin</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Principality of Achaea</a>, captured <a href="/wiki/Monemvasia" title="Monemvasia">Monemvasia</a>, the last remaining <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> outpost on the <a href="/wiki/Morea" title="Morea">Morea</a>. This success was soon followed by the submission of the restive <a href="/wiki/Tsakones" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsakones">Tsakones</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Parnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Parnon">Mount Parnon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> <a href="/wiki/Melingoi" title="Melingoi">Melingoi</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Taygetos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Taygetos">Mount Taygetos</a>, and the inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Mani_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Mani peninsula">Mani peninsula</a>, thereby extending his sway over all of <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a> and completing the conquest of the peninsula, which had begun in 1205, in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBon196972–73_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBon196972–73-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laconia was incorporated into the princely domain, and the young prince passed the winter of 1248–49 there, touring the country and selecting sites for new fortifications such as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Magne" title="Grand Magne">Grand Magne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leuctra_(Laconia)" title="Leuctra (Laconia)">Leuktron</a>; finally, near his residence of Lacedaemon (ancient <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>), on a spur of Mount Taygetos, he built the fortress that came to be known as Mystras.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBon196973,_104_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBon196973,_104-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_restoration">Byzantine restoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Byzantine restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1259, William of Villehardouin was defeated and captured, along with many of his nobles, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pelagonia" title="Battle of Pelagonia">Battle of Pelagonia</a>, by the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Nicaean_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaean emperor">Nicaean emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a>. Two years later, the Nicaeans recaptured <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, putting an end to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a> and restoring the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. At this point, the emperor concluded an agreement with the captive prince: William and his men would be set free in exchange for an oath of fealty, and for the cession of Monemvasia, Grand Magne, and Mystras.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBon1969122–125_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBon1969122–125-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The handover was effected in 1262, and henceforth Mystras was the seat of the governor of the Byzantine territories in the Morea. Initially this governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Kephale_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Kephale (Byzantine Empire)">kephale</a></i>) was changed every year, but after 1308 they started being appointed for longer terms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost immediately on his return to the Morea, William of Villehardouin renounced his oath to the emperor, and warfare broke out between Byzantines and Franks. The first Byzantine attempts to subdue the Principality of Achaea were beaten back in the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prinitsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Prinitsa">Prinitsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makryplagi" title="Battle of Makryplagi">Makryplagi</a>, but the Byzantines were firmly ensconced in Laconia. Warfare became endemic, and the Byzantines slowly pushed the Franks back.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBon1969129ff._10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBon1969129ff.-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The insecurity engendered by the raids and counter-raids caused the inhabitants of Lacedaemon to abandon their exposed city and settle at Mystras, in a new town built under the shadow of the fortress. </p><p>While Mystras served as the provincial capital from this time, it became a royal capital in 1349 CE, when the first despot was appointed to rule over the Morea. The Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a>, reorganized the territory in 1349 to establish it as an <a href="/wiki/Appanage" title="Appanage">appanage</a> for his son, the <a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">Despot</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Kantakouzenos" title="Manuel Kantakouzenos">Manuel Kantakouzenos</a>. From 1349 until its surrender to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a> on 31 May 1460, Mystras was the residence of a <a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">Despot</a> who ruled over the Byzantine Morea, known as the "<a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Despotate of the Morea</a>". For the larger portion of his reign, Manuel maintained peaceful relations with his Latin neighbors and secured a long period of prosperity for the area. Greco-Latin cooperation included an alliance to contain the raids of the Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a> into Morea in the 1360s. The rival <a href="/wiki/Palaiologos" title="Palaiologos">Palaiologos</a> dynasty seized the Morea after Manuel's death in 1380, with <a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_Palaiologos" title="Theodore I Palaiologos">Theodore I Palaiologos</a> becoming despot in 1383. Theodore ruled until 1407, consolidating Byzantine rule and coming to terms with his more powerful neighbours—particularly the expansionist <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> he recognised. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman2009_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was the city's golden age; according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>, Mystras "witnessed a remarkable cultural renaissance, including the teaching of <a href="/wiki/Plethon" class="mw-redirect" title="Plethon">Plethon</a>, and attracted artists and architects of the highest quality"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Centre_of_learning_and_culture">Centre of learning and culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Centre of learning and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mystras was the last centre of Byzantine learning and culture; the famous <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonist</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Gemistos Plethon</a> lived there until he died in 1452. While there, Plethon served as a tutor and advisor to the young <a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">despot</a> Theodore II until his death in 1452. He and other scholars based in Mystras influenced the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a>, especially after he accompanied the emperor <a href="/wiki/John_VIII_Palaiologos" title="John VIII Palaiologos">John VIII Palaiologos</a> to <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> in 1439. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_and_Venetian_years">Ottoman and Venetian years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ottoman and Venetian years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last Byzantine emperor, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a>, was despot at Mystras before he came to the throne. <a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Palaiologos" title="Demetrios Palaiologos">Demetrios Palaiologos</a>, the last despot of Morea, surrendered the city to Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> in 30 May 1460.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Ottoman rule it became part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanjak_of_Mezistre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanjak of Mezistre (page does not exist)">Sanjak of Mezistre</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Morea" title="Kingdom of the Morea">occupied it</a> from 1687 to 1715, but otherwise the Ottomans held it until 1821. The city joined the <a href="/wiki/Orlov_revolt" title="Orlov revolt">Orlov revolt</a> in 1770. It was looted by <a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Albanians</a> and the metropolitan bishop Ananias executed, despite having saved several Albanian lives in the uprising. A great number of local Greeks were also killed by the Albanian groups, while several children were sold into slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mystras was left in ruins and this event was a significant factor leading up to its abandonment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_years">Modern years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The final straw to Mystras came in 1825 during the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek war of Independence</a> when Egyptians under the rule of Ibrahim massacred the local population and destroyed the local area.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town was rebuilt 9 km away under the name <a href="/wiki/Sparta,_Laconia" title="Sparta, Laconia">Sparta</a> in 1831. Most families moved to Sparta, but a few decided to move instead to New Mystras, a small village in the countryside. This process of relocation was completed in 1953 when the remaining properties were confiscated by the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989 the ruins, including the fortress, palace, churches, and monasteries, were named a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> and features a museum and the partially restored ruins of the city. The only inhabitants today are a group of nuns who reside in the Pantanassa Monastery. The majority of the most important churches are still standing, including St. Demetrios, the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia,_Mystras" title="Hagia Sophia, Mystras">Hagia Sophia</a>, St. George, and the Monastery of Peribleptos. The Palace of the Despots has undergone substantial restorations in the past decade, making it a significant attraction. Visitors can reach the ruins via the modern city of Sparta, which is only a few miles from Mystras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The municipal unit Mystras is subdivided into the following communities: </p> <ul><li>Agia Eirini</li> <li>Agios Ioannis Lakedaimonas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anavryti,_Laconia" title="Anavryti, Laconia">Anavryti</a></li> <li>Barsinikos</li> <li>Longastra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magoula" title="Magoula">Magoula</a>, the former municipal seat of Mystras.</li> <li>Mystras</li> <li>Paroreio</li> <li>Soustianoi</li> <li>Trypi</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_population">Historical population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Municipal district</th> <th>Municipal unit </th></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>920</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td>525</td> <td>4,592 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td>807</td> <td>4,608 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>832</td> <td>4,265 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>724</td> <td>4,238 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benozzo_Gozzoli,_Pletone,_Cappella_dei_Magi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Benozzo_Gozzoli%2C_Pletone%2C_Cappella_dei_Magi.jpg/140px-Benozzo_Gozzoli%2C_Pletone%2C_Cappella_dei_Magi.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Benozzo_Gozzoli%2C_Pletone%2C_Cappella_dei_Magi.jpg/210px-Benozzo_Gozzoli%2C_Pletone%2C_Cappella_dei_Magi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Benozzo_Gozzoli%2C_Pletone%2C_Cappella_dei_Magi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gemistus_Pletho" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemistus Pletho">Gemistus Pletho</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People_from_Mystras">People from Mystras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: People from Mystras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Kantakouzenos" title="Manuel Kantakouzenos">Manuel Kantakouzenos</a>, first Despot of Morea</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People_buried_in_Mystras">People buried in Mystras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: People buried in Mystras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Kantakouzenos" title="Manuel Kantakouzenos">Manuel Kantakouzenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Gemistos Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Tocco" title="Theodora Tocco">Theodora Tocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleofe_Malatesta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleofe Malatesta">Cleofe Malatesta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plan">Plan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Mystras-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Map_of_Mystras-en.svg/600px-Map_of_Mystras-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="468" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Map_of_Mystras-en.svg/900px-Map_of_Mystras-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Map_of_Mystras-en.svg/1200px-Map_of_Mystras-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Mystras after works by G. Millet (1910) and M. Chatzidakis (1981).</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1. Main entrance;</li> <li>2. Metropolis;</li> <li>3. Evangelistria Church;</li> <li>4. Church of Saints Theodores;</li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Brontochion_Monastery" title="Brontochion Monastery">Hodigitria-Afendiko</a>;</li> <li>6. Monemvasia Gate;</li> <li>7. Church of Saint Nicholas;</li> <li>8. Despot's Palace and square;</li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Nauplion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauplion">Nauplia</a> Gate;</li> <li>10. Upper entrance to the citadel;</li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia,_Mystras" title="Hagia Sophia, Mystras">Church of Hagia Sophia</a>;</li> <li>12. Small Palace;</li> <li>13. Citadel;</li> <li>14. Mavroporta;</li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Pantanassa_Monastery" title="Pantanassa Monastery">Pantanassa</a>;</li> <li>16. Church of the Taxiarchs;</li> <li>17. House of <a href="/wiki/John_Phrangopoulos" title="John Phrangopoulos">John Phrangopoulos</a>;</li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Peribleptos_Monastery,_Mystras" title="Peribleptos Monastery, Mystras">Peribleptos Monastery</a>;</li> <li>19. Church of Saint George;</li> <li>20. Krevatas House;</li> <li>21. Marmara (entrance);</li> <li>22. Aï-Yannakis;</li> <li>23. Laskaris' House;</li> <li>24. Church of Saint Christopher;</li> <li>25. Ruins;</li> <li>26. Church of Saint Kyriaki.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hill_of_Mystras,_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_(Greece_2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hill of Mystras"><img alt="Hill of Mystras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hill_of_Mystras%2C_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_%28Greece_2017%29.jpg/120px-Hill_of_Mystras%2C_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_%28Greece_2017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hill_of_Mystras%2C_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_%28Greece_2017%29.jpg/180px-Hill_of_Mystras%2C_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_%28Greece_2017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hill_of_Mystras%2C_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_%28Greece_2017%29.jpg/240px-Hill_of_Mystras%2C_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_%28Greece_2017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3904" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hill of Mystras</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mistra_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metropolis of Mystras (St Demetrius)"><img alt="Metropolis of Mystras (St Demetrius)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mistra_12.jpg/120px-Mistra_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mistra_12.jpg/180px-Mistra_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mistra_12.jpg/240px-Mistra_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Metropolis of Mystras (St Demetrius)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolis_of_Mystras,_inside,_imperial_eagle.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Byzantine eagle, Metropolis"><img alt="The Byzantine eagle, Metropolis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Metropolis_of_Mystras%2C_inside%2C_imperial_eagle.JPG/120px-Metropolis_of_Mystras%2C_inside%2C_imperial_eagle.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Metropolis_of_Mystras%2C_inside%2C_imperial_eagle.JPG/180px-Metropolis_of_Mystras%2C_inside%2C_imperial_eagle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Metropolis_of_Mystras%2C_inside%2C_imperial_eagle.JPG/240px-Metropolis_of_Mystras%2C_inside%2C_imperial_eagle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Byzantine eagle, Metropolis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peribleptos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monastery of Peribleptos"><img alt="Monastery of Peribleptos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Peribleptos.jpg/80px-Peribleptos.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Peribleptos.jpg/120px-Peribleptos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Peribleptos.jpg/160px-Peribleptos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monastery of Peribleptos</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mystras_Fortress2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of the fortress (view from the inside)"><img alt="Entrance of the fortress (view from the inside)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mystras_Fortress2.JPG/90px-Mystras_Fortress2.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mystras_Fortress2.JPG/135px-Mystras_Fortress2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mystras_Fortress2.JPG/180px-Mystras_Fortress2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of the fortress (view from the inside)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_from_the_top_of_Villehardouin%27s_Castle,_Mystras,_Greece_(2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama from the top of Villehardouin's Castle"><img alt="Panorama from the top of Villehardouin's Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Panorama_from_the_top_of_Villehardouin%27s_Castle%2C_Mystras%2C_Greece_%282017%29.jpg/120px-Panorama_from_the_top_of_Villehardouin%27s_Castle%2C_Mystras%2C_Greece_%282017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Panorama_from_the_top_of_Villehardouin%27s_Castle%2C_Mystras%2C_Greece_%282017%29.jpg/180px-Panorama_from_the_top_of_Villehardouin%27s_Castle%2C_Mystras%2C_Greece_%282017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Panorama_from_the_top_of_Villehardouin%27s_Castle%2C_Mystras%2C_Greece_%282017%29.jpg/240px-Panorama_from_the_top_of_Villehardouin%27s_Castle%2C_Mystras%2C_Greece_%282017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="21504" data-file-height="4928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panorama from the top of Villehardouin's Castle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evangelistria_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Evangelistria's church"><img alt="Evangelistria's church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Evangelistria_05.JPG/120px-Evangelistria_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Evangelistria_05.JPG/180px-Evangelistria_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Evangelistria_05.JPG/240px-Evangelistria_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Evangelistria's church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mystras,_hodigitria_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hodigitria church"><img alt="Hodigitria church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mystras%2C_hodigitria_01.JPG/120px-Mystras%2C_hodigitria_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mystras%2C_hodigitria_01.JPG/180px-Mystras%2C_hodigitria_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mystras%2C_hodigitria_01.JPG/240px-Mystras%2C_hodigitria_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hodigitria church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_der_Aphentico-Kirche_in_Mistra_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fresco at Hodigitria's church"><img alt="Fresco at Hodigitria's church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Meister_der_Aphentico-Kirche_in_Mistra_002.jpg/120px-Meister_der_Aphentico-Kirche_in_Mistra_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Meister_der_Aphentico-Kirche_in_Mistra_002.jpg/180px-Meister_der_Aphentico-Kirche_in_Mistra_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Meister_der_Aphentico-Kirche_in_Mistra_002.jpg/240px-Meister_der_Aphentico-Kirche_in_Mistra_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fresco at Hodigitria's church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_of_mystras_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A street at the town of Mystras"><img alt="A street at the town of Mystras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Town_of_mystras_01.JPG/120px-Town_of_mystras_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Town_of_mystras_01.JPG/180px-Town_of_mystras_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Town_of_mystras_01.JPG/240px-Town_of_mystras_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A street at the town of Mystras</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Despot%27s_Palace_(Mystras,_Greece,_2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Despot's Palace (2017)"><img alt="Despot's Palace (2017)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Despot%27s_Palace_%28Mystras%2C_Greece%2C_2017%29.jpg/120px-Despot%27s_Palace_%28Mystras%2C_Greece%2C_2017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Despot%27s_Palace_%28Mystras%2C_Greece%2C_2017%29.jpg/180px-Despot%27s_Palace_%28Mystras%2C_Greece%2C_2017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Despot%27s_Palace_%28Mystras%2C_Greece%2C_2017%29.jpg/240px-Despot%27s_Palace_%28Mystras%2C_Greece%2C_2017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="829" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Despot's Palace (2017)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mistra_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pantanassa's monastery"><img alt="Pantanassa's monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mistra_1.jpg/120px-Mistra_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mistra_1.jpg/180px-Mistra_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mistra_1.jpg/240px-Mistra_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pantanassa's monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_towards_Despot%27s_Palace_in_Mystras_(2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from Villehardouin's Castle"><img alt="View from Villehardouin's Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/View_from_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_towards_Despot%27s_Palace_in_Mystras_%282017%29.jpg/120px-View_from_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_towards_Despot%27s_Palace_in_Mystras_%282017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/View_from_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_towards_Despot%27s_Palace_in_Mystras_%282017%29.jpg/180px-View_from_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_towards_Despot%27s_Palace_in_Mystras_%282017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/View_from_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_towards_Despot%27s_Palace_in_Mystras_%282017%29.jpg/240px-View_from_Villehardouin%27s_Castle_towards_Despot%27s_Palace_in_Mystras_%282017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4546" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from Villehardouin's Castle </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mystras_-_Upper_city.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Upper City"><img alt="Upper City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mystras_-_Upper_city.jpg/120px-Mystras_-_Upper_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mystras_-_Upper_city.jpg/180px-Mystras_-_Upper_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mystras_-_Upper_city.jpg/240px-Mystras_-_Upper_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="902" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Upper City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mystras_-_Middle_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Middle City"><img alt="Middle City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mystras_-_Middle_City.jpg/120px-Mystras_-_Middle_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mystras_-_Middle_City.jpg/180px-Mystras_-_Middle_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mystras_-_Middle_City.jpg/240px-Mystras_-_Middle_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="826" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Middle City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mystra,_porta_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Gate"><img alt="A Gate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mystra%2C_porta_01.JPG/120px-Mystra%2C_porta_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mystra%2C_porta_01.JPG/180px-Mystra%2C_porta_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mystra%2C_porta_01.JPG/240px-Mystra%2C_porta_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Gate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mystras_%C3%A9glise.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Agioi Theodoroi"><img alt="Agioi Theodoroi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mystras_%C3%A9glise.jpg/120px-Mystras_%C3%A9glise.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mystras_%C3%A9glise.jpg/180px-Mystras_%C3%A9glise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mystras_%C3%A9glise.jpg/240px-Mystras_%C3%A9glise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Agioi Theodoroi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mistra_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. George"><img alt="St. George" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mistra_3.jpg/120px-Mistra_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mistra_3.jpg/180px-Mistra_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mistra_3.jpg/240px-Mistra_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. George</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mistra_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Agia Sofia"><img alt="Agia Sofia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mistra_8.jpg/120px-Mistra_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mistra_8.jpg/180px-Mistra_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mistra_8.jpg/240px-Mistra_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Agia Sofia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Laconia" title="List of settlements in Laconia">List of settlements in Laconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Mystras" class="mw-redirect" title="Despotate of Mystras">Despotate of Mystras</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census21-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census21_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/17286366/MON_PLI_DHM_OIKISN_2021.xlsx">"Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό"</a> [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+-+%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD+2021%2C+%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC+%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C&rft.pub=Hellenic+Statistical+Authority&rft.date=2024-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fdocuments%2F20181%2F17286366%2FMON_PLI_DHM_OIKISN_2021.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoryŠevčenko19911382_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregoryŠevčenko1991">Gregory & Ševčenko 1991</a>, p. 1382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOusterhout2021" class="citation book cs1">Ousterhout, Robert (2021). "Late Byzantine Secular Architecture". In Freeman, Evan (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pressbooks.pub/smarthistoryguidetobyzantineart/chapter/late-byzantine-secular-architecture-and-urban-planning/"><i>A Smarthistory Guide to Byzantine Art</i></a>. Smarthistory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Late+Byzantine+Secular+Architecture&rft.btitle=A+Smarthistory+Guide+to+Byzantine+Art&rft.pub=Smarthistory&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Ousterhout&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpressbooks.pub%2Fsmarthistoryguidetobyzantineart%2Fchapter%2Flate-byzantine-secular-architecture-and-urban-planning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kallikratis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kallikratis_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.">"ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities"</a> (in Greek). <a href="/wiki/Government_Gazette_(Greece)" title="Government Gazette (Greece)">Government Gazette</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A+B+1292%2F2010%2C+Kallikratis+reform+municipalities&rft.pub=Government+Gazette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.et.gr%2Fidocs-nph%2Fsearch%2FpdfViewerForm.html%3Fargs%3D5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/511">"Archeological Site of Mystras"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Convention</i>. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Convention&rft.atitle=Archeological+Site+of+Mystras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greeka.com/peloponnese/mystras/history/">"History of Mystras | Greeka"</a>. <i>Greekacom</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greekacom&rft.atitle=History+of+Mystras+%7C+Greeka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greeka.com%2Fpeloponnese%2Fmystras%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBon196972–73-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBon196972–73_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBon1969">Bon 1969</a>, pp. 72–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBon196973,_104-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBon196973,_104_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBon1969">Bon 1969</a>, pp. 73, 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBon1969122–125-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBon1969122–125_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBon1969">Bon 1969</a>, pp. 122–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBon1969129ff.-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBon1969129ff._10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBon1969">Bon 1969</a>, pp. 129ff..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman2009-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman2009_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunciman2009">Runciman 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ansiklopedika.net/mezistre-mizistre.html">"Mezistre"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansiklopedika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansiklopedika (page does not exist)">Ansiklopedika</a></i>. 24 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ansiklopedika&rft.atitle=Mezistre&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fansiklopedika.net%2Fmezistre-mizistre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman2010" class="citation book cs1">Runciman, Steven (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/710975289"><i>Lost Capital of Byzantium : the History of Mystra and the Peloponnese</i></a>. John Freely. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-810-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-810-5"><bdi>978-0-85771-810-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/710975289">710975289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Capital+of+Byzantium+%3A+the+History+of+Mystra+and+the+Peloponnese&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris+%26+Co&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F710975289&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-810-5&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F710975289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.despotato.gr/index.php/en/mystras/history/">"History of Mystras"</a>. <i>www.despotato.gr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.despotato.gr&rft.atitle=History+of+Mystras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.despotato.gr%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fmystras%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBon1969" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bon, Antoine (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cefael.efa.gr/detail.php?site_id=1&actionID=page&serie_id=BefarA&volume_number=213&issue_number=1"><i>La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe</i></a> (in French). Paris: De Boccard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Mor%C3%A9e+franque.+Recherches+historiques%2C+topographiques+et+arch%C3%A9ologiques+sur+la+principaut%C3%A9+d%27Acha%C3%AFe&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=De+Boccard&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Bon&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcefael.efa.gr%2Fdetail.php%3Fsite_id%3D1%26actionID%3Dpage%26serie_id%3DBefarA%26volume_number%3D213%26issue_number%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregoryŠevčenko1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gregory, Timothy E.; Ševčenko, Nancy Patterson (1991). "Mistra". In <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 1382–1385. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6"><bdi>978-0-19-504652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mistra&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.pages=1382-1385&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504652-6&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Timothy+E.&rft.au=%C5%A0ev%C4%8Denko%2C+Nancy+Patterson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Runciman, Steven</a> (2009) [1980]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UBsBAwAAQBAJ"><i>Lost Capital of Byzantium: The History of Mistra and the Peloponnese</i></a>. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-895-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-895-2"><bdi>978-1-84511-895-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Capital+of+Byzantium%3A+The+History+of+Mistra+and+the+Peloponnese&rft.pub=Tauris+Parke+Paperbacks&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-895-2&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUBsBAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMystras" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mystras&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mystras" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mystras">Mystras</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilization.org.uk/greece/greece-extra/mistra">"Illustrated account of Mistra"</a>.</cite><span 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Mystras" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Mystras" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Mystras</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pellana" title="Pellana">Pellana</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oinountas" title="Oinountas">Oinountas</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Kalamata" title="Kalamata">Kalamata</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Mystras</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Sparti_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparti (municipality)">Sparta</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Avia,_Messenia" title="Avia, Messenia">Avia</a></td> <td>Sparta</td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Greece" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Greece" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Greece" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Greece">World Heritage Sites in Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Greece" title="Northern Greece">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vergina" title="Vergina">Aigai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleochristian_and_Byzantine_monuments_of_Thessaloniki" title="Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki">Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Thessaloniki" title="Walls of Thessaloniki">City Walls</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Galerius_and_Rotunda" title="Arch of Galerius and Rotunda">Rotunda</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Acheiropoietos" title="Church of the Acheiropoietos">Church of the Acheiropoietos</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hagios_Demetrios" title="Hagios Demetrios">Church of Saint Demetrios</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Hosios_David" title="Church of Hosios David">Latomou Monastery</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia,_Thessaloniki" title="Hagia Sophia, Thessaloniki">Church of Hagia Sophia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Panagia_Chalkeon" title="Church of Panagia Chalkeon">Church of Panagia Chalkeon</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Panteleimon_(Thessaloniki)" title="Church of Saint Panteleimon (Thessaloniki)">Church of Saint Panteleimon</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles_(Thessaloniki)" title="Church of the Holy Apostles (Thessaloniki)">Church of the Holy Apostles</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Nicholas_Orphanos" title="Church of Saint Nicholas Orphanos">Church of Saint Nicholas Orphanos</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Catherine,_Thessaloniki" title="Church of Saint Catherine, Thessaloniki">Church of Saint Catherine</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour,_Thessaloniki" title="Church of the Saviour, Thessaloniki">Church of the Saviour</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Vlatades_Monastery" title="Vlatades Monastery">Vlatades Monastery</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Prophet_Elijah_(Thessaloniki)" title="Church of Prophet Elijah (Thessaloniki)">Church of Prophet Elijah</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Bath_(Thessaloniki)" title="Byzantine Bath (Thessaloniki)">Byzantine Bath</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagori" title="Zagori">Zagori</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parthenon_(30276156187).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Parthenon_%2830276156187%29.jpg/65px-Parthenon_%2830276156187%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Parthenon_%2830276156187%29.jpg/98px-Parthenon_%2830276156187%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Parthenon_%2830276156187%29.jpg/130px-Parthenon_%2830276156187%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Facade_of_Philip_II_tomb_Vergina_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Facade_of_Philip_II_tomb_Vergina_Greece.jpg/65px-Facade_of_Philip_II_tomb_Vergina_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Facade_of_Philip_II_tomb_Vergina_Greece.jpg/98px-Facade_of_Philip_II_tomb_Vergina_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Facade_of_Philip_II_tomb_Vergina_Greece.jpg/130px-Facade_of_Philip_II_tomb_Vergina_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RhodesInt%C3%A9rieurDuPalais.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/RhodesInt%C3%A9rieurDuPalais.JPG/65px-RhodesInt%C3%A9rieurDuPalais.JPG" decoding="async" width="65" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/RhodesInt%C3%A9rieurDuPalais.JPG/98px-RhodesInt%C3%A9rieurDuPalais.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/RhodesInt%C3%A9rieurDuPalais.JPG/130px-RhodesInt%C3%A9rieurDuPalais.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mystras_palace.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mystras_palace.JPG/65px-Mystras_palace.JPG" decoding="async" width="65" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mystras_palace.JPG/98px-Mystras_palace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mystras_palace.JPG/130px-Mystras_palace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(geographic_region)" title="Central Greece (geographic region)">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Pronaia" title="Temple of Athena Pronaia">Temple of Athena Pronaia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tholos_of_Delphi" title="Tholos of Delphi">Tholos</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Athenian_Treasury" title="Athenian Treasury">Athenian Treasury</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_at_Delphi" title="Gymnasium at Delphi">Gymnasium</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Stoa_of_the_Athenians" title="Stoa of the Athenians">Stoa of the Athenians</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_(Delphi)" title="Temple of Apollo (Delphi)">Temple of Apollo</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosios_Loukas" title="Hosios Loukas">Hosios Loukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteora" title="Meteora">Meteora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_(city)" title="Corfu (city)">Old Town of Corfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Daphni Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Greece" title="Southern Greece">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidaurus" title="Epidaurus">Epidaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiryns" title="Tiryns">Tiryns</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Lion_Gate" title="Lion Gate">Lion Gate</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Aegisthus" title="Tomb of Aegisthus">Tomb of Aegisthus</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Treasury_of_Atreus" title="Treasury of Atreus">Treasury of Atreus</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Clytemnestra" title="Tomb of Clytemnestra">Tomb of Clytemnestra</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Grave_Circle_A,_Mycenae" title="Grave Circle A, Mycenae">Grave Circle A</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Grave_Circle_B,_Mycenae" title="Grave Circle B, Mycenae">Grave Circle B</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mystras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassae" title="Bassae">Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_City_of_Rhodes" title="Medieval City of Rhodes">Medieval City of Rhodes</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_of_Rhodes" title="Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes">Grand Master's Palace</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Rhodes" title="Fortifications of Rhodes">Fortifications</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_John_the_Theologian" title="Monastery of Saint John the Theologian">Monastery of Saint John the Theologian</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Cave of the Apocalypse">Cave of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Moni_of_Chios" title="Nea Moni of Chios">Nea Moni of Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreion" title="Pythagoreion">Pythagoreion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heraion_of_Samos" title="Heraion of Samos">Heraion of Samos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Byzantine_Empire_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Byzantine_Empire_topics" title="Template:Byzantine Empire topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Byzantine_Empire_topics" title="Template talk:Byzantine Empire topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_Empire_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine Empire topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Byzantine_Empire_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Byzantine Empire">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Preceding</b></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Later_Roman_Empire" title="Later Roman Empire">Later Roman Empire</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Early</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(330–717)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Constantinian_and_Valentinianic_dynasties" title="Byzantine Empire under the Constantinian and Valentinianic dynasties">Constantinian–Valentinianic era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinian_dynasty" title="Constantinian dynasty">Constantinian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinianic_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinianic dynasty">Valentinianic dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Theodosian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Theodosian dynasty">Theodosian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Leonid_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty">Leonid era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Justinian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty">Justinian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Heraclian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty">Heraclian era</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Dark_Ages" title="Byzantine Dark Ages">Byzantine Dark Ages</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Years%27_Anarchy" title="Twenty Years' Anarchy">Twenty Years' Anarchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Middle</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(717–1204)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Isaurian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty">Isaurian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Nikephorian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Nikephorian dynasty">Nikephorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Amorian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty">Amorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Macedonian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty">Macedonian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Doukas_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty">Doukid era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty">Komnenian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Angelos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty">Angelid era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Late</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1204–1453)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople" title="Sack of Constantinople">Sack of Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">Frankokratia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li>Byzantine successor states (<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a>–<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Morea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a>–<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Theodoro" title="Principality of Theodoro">Theodoro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty">Palaiologan era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Decline of the Byzantine Empire">Decline of the Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;">By modern region<br />or territory</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Armenia" title="Byzantine Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Corsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sardinia" title="Byzantine Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Sicily">Sicily</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Malta" title="Byzantine Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Spain">Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Thrace">Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Governance</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Emperors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Byzantine_emperor" title="Coronation of the Byzantine emperor">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="Family tree of Byzantine emperors">Family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" title="List of Roman and Byzantine empresses">Empresses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_bureaucracy_and_aristocracy" title="Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy">Imperial bureaucracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Medieval Greek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Senate">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_officiorum" title="Magister officiorum">Magister officiorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comes_sacrarum_largitionum" title="Comes sacrarum largitionum">Comes sacrarum largitionum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comes_rerum_privatarum" title="Comes rerum privatarum">Comes rerum privatarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestor_sacri_palatii" title="Quaestor sacri palatii">Quaestor sacri palatii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_dromou" title="Logothetes tou dromou">Logothetes tou dromou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakellarios" title="Sakellarios">Sakellarios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_genikou" title="Logothetes tou genikou">Logothetes tou genikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_stratiotikou" title="Logothetes tou stratiotikou">Logothetes tou stratiotikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakellarios" title="Sakellarios">Chartoularios tou sakelliou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestiarion" title="Vestiarion">Chartoularios tou vestiariou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi_tou_eidikou" title="Epi tou eidikou">Epi tou eidikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protasekretis" title="Protasekretis">Protasekretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi_ton_deeseon" title="Epi ton deeseon">Epi ton deeseon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megas_logothetes" title="Megas logothetes">Megas logothetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesazon" title="Mesazon">Mesazon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Subdivisions of the Byzantine Empire">Provincial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">Dioceses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_province#List_of_Late_Roman_provinces" title="Roman province">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Exarchate of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Themata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleisoura_(Byzantine_district)" title="Kleisoura (Byzantine district)">Kleisourai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandon_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Bandon (Byzantine Empire)">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katepano" title="Katepano">Catepanates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kephale_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Kephale (Byzantine Empire)">Kephale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">Despotates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Byzantine Empire">Foreign relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Treaties of the Byzantine Empire">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_diplomats" title="Category:Byzantine diplomats">Diplomats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_diplomacy" title="Byzantine diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_wars" title="List of Byzantine wars">Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Army" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army" title="Byzantine army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_battle_tactics" title="Byzantine battle tactics">Battle tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_battles" title="List of Byzantine battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_beacon_system" title="Byzantine beacon system">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_generals" title="Category:Byzantine generals">Generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_mercenaries" title="Category:Byzantine mercenaries">Mercenaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_military_manuals" title="Byzantine military manuals">Military manuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Military units and formations of the Byzantine Empire">Military units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_revolts_and_civil_wars" title="List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars">Revolts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Roman_army" title="Late Roman army">Late Roman army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Roman_army" class="mw-redirect" title="East Roman army">East Roman army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati">Foederati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucellarii" title="Bucellarii">Bucellarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholae_Palatinae" title="Scholae Palatinae">Scholae Palatinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excubitors" title="Excubitors">Excubitors</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Themata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleisoura_(Byzantine_district)" title="Kleisoura (Byzantine district)">Kleisourai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourma">Tourma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droungos" title="Droungos">Droungos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandon_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Bandon (Byzantine Empire)">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagma_(military)" title="Tagma (military)">Tagmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_of_the_Schools" title="Domestic of the Schools">Domestic of the Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetaireia" title="Hetaireia">Hetaireia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akritai" title="Akritai">Akritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varangian_Guard" title="Varangian Guard">Varangian Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army_(Komnenian_era)" title="Byzantine army (Komnenian era)">Komnenian army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pronoia" title="Pronoia">Pronoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestiaritai" title="Vestiaritai">Vestiaritai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army_(Palaiologan_era)" title="Byzantine army (Palaiologan era)">Palaiologan army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allagion" title="Allagion">Allagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramonai" title="Paramonai">Paramonai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_domestic" title="Grand domestic">Grand domestic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_navy" title="Byzantine navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karabisianoi" title="Karabisianoi">Karabisianoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Maritime themata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cibyrrhaeot_Theme" title="Cibyrrhaeot Theme">Cibyrrhaeot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_(theme)" title="Aegean Sea (theme)">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(theme)" title="Samos (theme)">Samos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromon" title="Dromon">Dromon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droungarios_of_the_Fleet" title="Droungarios of the Fleet">Droungarios of the Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megas_doux" title="Megas doux">Megas doux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_admirals" title="Category:Byzantine admirals">Admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_battles_involving_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Naval battles involving the Byzantine Empire">Naval battles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_and_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion and law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Religion in the Byzantine Empire">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_saints" title="Category:Byzantine saints">Saints</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulicianism" title="Paulicianism">Paulicianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li>Missionary activity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Moravia" title="Christianization of Moravia">Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianization of the Serbs">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_law" title="Byzantine law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Theodosianus" title="Codex Theodosianus">Codex Theodosianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Corpus Juris Civilis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Justinian" title="Code of Justinian">Code of Justinian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecloga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecloga">Ecloga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilika" title="Basilika">Basilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Harmenopoulos" title="Constantine Harmenopoulos">Hexabiblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_mutilation_in_Byzantine_culture" title="Political mutilation in Byzantine culture">Mutilation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture_and_society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture and society</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_secular_architecture" title="Category:Byzantine secular architecture">Secular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_sacred_architecture" title="Category:Byzantine sacred architecture">Sacred</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-in-square" title="Cross-in-square">Cross-in-square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_domes" title="History of Roman and Byzantine domes">Domes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Cistern" title="Basilica Cistern">Basilica Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Zeuxippus" title="Baths of Zeuxippus">Baths of Zeuxippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Blachernae" title="Palace of Blachernae">Blachernae Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chora_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Chora Church">Chora Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Constantinople" title="Walls of Constantinople">City Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Palace_of_Constantinople" title="Great Palace of Constantinople">Great Palace of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Irene" title="Hagia Irene">Hagia Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_of_Constantinople" title="Hippodrome of Constantinople">Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pammakaristos_Church" title="Pammakaristos Church">Pammakaristos Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_of_Anemas" title="Prison of Anemas">Prison of Anemas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Galerius_and_Rotunda" title="Arch of Galerius and Rotunda">Arch of Galerius and Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Bath_(Thessaloniki)" title="Byzantine Bath (Thessaloniki)">Byzantine Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia,_Thessaloniki" title="Hagia Sophia, Thessaloniki">Hagia Sophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagios_Demetrios" title="Hagios Demetrios">Hagios Demetrios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Panagia_Chalkeon" title="Church of Panagia Chalkeon">Panagia Chalkeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Thessaloniki" title="Walls of Thessaloniki">Walls of Thessaloniki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale" title="Basilica of San Vitale">San Vitale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe">Sant'Apollinare in Classe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo" title="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo">Sant'Apollinare Nuovo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Other locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Daphni Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosios_Loukas" title="Hosios Loukas">Hosios Loukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Moni_of_Chios" title="Nea Moni of Chios">Nea Moni of Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Metropolis" title="Little Metropolis">Panagia Gorgoepikoos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mystras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_enamel" title="Byzantine enamel">Enamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_glass" title="Byzantine glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic#Byzantine_mosaics" title="Mosaic">Mosaics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Byzantine_mosaics_in_the_Middle_East" title="Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East">Early Byzantine mosaics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_painters" title="Category:Byzantine painters">Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian period art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civilisation_in_the_12th_century" title="Byzantine civilisation in the 12th century">Komnenian renaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_economy" title="Byzantine economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_coinage" title="Byzantine coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_mints" title="Byzantine mints">Mints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine trade">Trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_silk" title="Byzantine silk">silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_route_from_the_Varangians_to_the_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks">Varangians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynatoi" title="Dynatoi">Dynatoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acritic_songs" title="Acritic songs">Acritic songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digenes_Akritas" title="Digenes Akritas">Digenes Akritas</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Romance" title="Alexander Romance">Alexander Romance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_historians" title="Category:Byzantine historians">Historians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Everyday life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Cities in the Byzantine Empire">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_dance" title="Byzantine dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_dress" title="Byzantine dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_flags_and_insignia" title="Byzantine flags and insignia">Flags and insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_gardens" title="Byzantine gardens">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenization_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Hellenization in the Byzantine Empire">Hellenization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_lyra" title="Byzantine lyra">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octoechos" title="Octoechos">Octoechos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_people" title="Category:Byzantine people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greeks" title="Byzantine Greeks">Byzantine Greeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Women in the Byzantine Empire">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Slavery in the Byzantine Empire">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Death in the Byzantine Empire">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_units_of_measurement" title="Byzantine units of measurement">Units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_science" title="Byzantine science">Science</a></li><li>Learning</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_Greek_encyclopedias" title="Category:Byzantine Greek encyclopedias">Encyclopedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Library_of_Constantinople" title="Imperial Library of Constantinople">Imperial Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_inventions" title="List of Byzantine inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_medicine" title="Byzantine medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_philosophy" title="Byzantine philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_rhetoric" title="Byzantine rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_scholars" title="List of Byzantine scholars">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_university" title="Byzantine university">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Constantinople" title="University of Constantinople">University of Constantinople</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_commonwealth" title="Byzantine commonwealth">Byzantine commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_studies" title="Byzantine studies">Byzantine studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_museums" title="Category:Byzantine museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantinism" title="Byzantinism">Byzantinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">Neo-Byzantine architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_scholars_in_the_Renaissance" title="Greek scholars in the Renaissance">Greek scholars in the Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Succession of the Roman Empire">Third Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Byzantine_Empire%E2%80%93related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Byzantine Empire–related articles">Index</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Outline of the Byzantine Empire">Outline</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Byzantine_Empire" title="Portal:Byzantine Empire">Portal</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Byzantine_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#66023C;color:gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Byzantine_Greece" title="Template:Byzantine Greece"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:gold">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Byzantine_Greece" title="Template talk:Byzantine Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:gold">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:gold">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Byzantine_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece"><span style="color: gold">Byzantine Greece</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #FFDEAD;color:black;">Provinces and regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaea_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaea (Roman province)">Achaea Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_(theme)" title="Aegean Sea (theme)">Theme of the Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_(theme)" title="Hellas (theme)">Theme of Hellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(theme)" title="Samos (theme)">Theme of Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(theme)" title="Macedonia (theme)">Theme of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(theme)" title="Strymon (theme)">Theme of Strymon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalonica_(theme)" title="Thessalonica (theme)">Theme of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(theme)" title="Peloponnese (theme)">Theme of the Peloponnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephallenia_(theme)" title="Cephallenia (theme)">Theme of Cephallenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicopolis_(theme)" title="Nicopolis (theme)">Theme of Nicopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sclaviniae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sclaviniae">Sclaviniae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melingoi" title="Melingoi">Melingoi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ezeritai" title="Ezeritai">Ezeritai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakonia" title="Tsakonia">Tsakonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Vlachia" title="Great Vlachia">Great Vlachia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #FFDEAD;color:black;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielis" title="Danielis">Danielis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I">Nikephoros I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Phokas" title="Nikephoros II Phokas">Nikephoros II Phokas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Melissenos" title="Nikephoros Melissenos">Nikephoros Melissenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Choniates" title="Michael Choniates">Michael Choniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Sgouros" title="Leo Sgouros">Leo Sgouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Gabalas" title="Leo Gabalas">Leo Gabalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Michael I Komnenos Doukas">Michael I Komnenos Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Theodore Komnenos Doukas">Theodore Komnenos Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Chomatenos" title="Demetrios Chomatenos">Demetrios Chomatenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Apokaukos" title="John Apokaukos">John Apokaukos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_II_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Michael II Komnenos Doukas">Michael II Komnenos Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_Doukas_of_Thessaly" title="John I Doukas of Thessaly">John I Doukas of Thessaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas">Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_I_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Thomas I Komnenos Doukas">Thomas I Komnenos Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Palamas" title="Gregory Palamas">Gregory Palamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Kydones" title="Demetrios Kydones">Demetrios Kydones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Company" title="Catalan Company">Catalan Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Orsini" title="Nicholas Orsini">Nicholas Orsini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Asen" title="Andronikos Asen">Andronikos Asen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_Orsini" title="John II Orsini">John II Orsini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Monomachos" title="Michael Monomachos">Michael Monomachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Angelos_(sebastokrator)" title="John Angelos (sebastokrator)">John Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gabrielopoulos" title="Stephen Gabrielopoulos">Stephen Gabrielopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Orsini" title="Nikephoros II Orsini">Nikephoros II Orsini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Kantakouzenos" title="Manuel Kantakouzenos">Manuel Kantakouzenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Uro%C5%A1" title="Simeon Uroš">Simeon Uroš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Preljubovi%C4%87" title="Thomas Preljubović">Thomas Preljubović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esau_de%27_Buondelmonti" title="Esau de' Buondelmonti">Esau de' Buondelmonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Angelos_Philanthropenos" title="Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos">Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_Palaiologos" title="Theodore II Palaiologos">Theodore II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Gemistos Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Palaiologos" title="Demetrios Palaiologos">Demetrios Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Palaiologos" title="Thomas Palaiologos">Thomas Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_bureaucracy_and_aristocracy" title="Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy">Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_scholars_in_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine scholars in Renaissance">Byzantine scholars in Renaissance</a></li> <li><i>Historians</i>: <a href="/wiki/Niketas_Choniates" title="Niketas Choniates">Niketas Choniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Akropolites" title="George Akropolites">George Akropolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_Gregoras" title="Nicephorus Gregoras">Nicephorus Gregoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scylitzes" class="mw-redirect" title="John Scylitzes">John Scylitzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Thessalonica" title="Eustathius of Thessalonica">Eustathius of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Glykas" title="Michael Glykas">Michael Glykas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras" title="Joannes Zonaras">Joannes Zonaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kodinos" title="George Kodinos">George Kodinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sphrantzes" title="George Sphrantzes">George Sphrantzes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #FFDEAD;color:black;">Major centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mystras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arta,_Greece" title="Arta, Greece">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina">Ioannina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #FFDEAD;color:black;">Greek states after 1204</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Empire of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Despotate of the Morea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Thessaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Thessaly">Thessaly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #FFDEAD;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Byzantine Empire"><span style="color: black">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_persecution_of_paganism_under_Theodosius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian persecution of paganism under Theodosius I">Persecution of paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian_invasions" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarian invasions">Barbarian invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Heraclian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty">Under the Heraclian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thessalonica_(676%E2%80%93678)" title="Siege of Thessalonica (676–678)">Siege of Thessalonica (676–678)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Patras_(805_or_807)" title="Siege of Patras (805 or 807)">Siege of Patras (805 or 807)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Arab–Byzantine wars">Arab–Byzantine wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Muslim conquest of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chandax" title="Siege of Chandax">Byzantine reconquest of Crete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Renaissance" title="Macedonian Renaissance">Macedonian Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_conquest_of_Bulgaria" title="Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria">Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-West_Schism" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West Schism">East-West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Norman_wars" title="Byzantine–Norman wars">Byzantine–Norman wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Thessalonica_(1185)" title="Sack of Thessalonica (1185)">Sack of Thessalonica (1185)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Olive_Grove_of_Kountouras" title="Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouras">Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouras</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klokotnitsa" title="Battle of Klokotnitsa">Battle of Klokotnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pelagonia" title="Battle of Pelagonia">Battle of Pelagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty">Under the Palaiologos dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconquest_of_Constantinople" title="Reconquest of Constantinople">Reconquest of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prinitza" title="Battle of Prinitza">Battle of Prinitza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makryplagi" title="Battle of Makryplagi">Battle of Makryplagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neopatras" title="Battle of Neopatras">Battle of Neopatras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pharsalus_(1277)" title="Battle of Pharsalus (1277)">Battle of Pharsalus (1277)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Demetrias" title="Battle of Demetrias">Battle of Demetrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1321%E2%80%931328" title="Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328">Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychast_controversy" title="Hesychast controversy">Hesychast controversy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palamism" title="Palamism">Palamism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Genoese_War_(1348%E2%80%931349)" title="Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)">Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealots_of_Thessalonica" title="Zealots of Thessalonica">Zealots of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1341%E2%80%931347" title="Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347">Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine–Ottoman Wars">Byzantine–Ottoman Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thessalonica_(1422%E2%80%931430)" title="Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)">Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Echinades_(1427)" title="Battle of the Echinades (1427)">Battle of the Echinades (1427)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_revolt_of_1453%E2%80%931454" title="Morea revolt of 1453–1454">Morea revolt of 1453–1454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_conquest_of_the_Morea" title="Ottoman conquest of the Morea">Ottoman conquest of the Morea</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #FFDEAD;color:black;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a> (<a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian art</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature">Byzantine literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_romance" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander romance">Alexander romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Saint_Demetrius" title="Miracles of Saint Demetrius">Miracles of Saint Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Anthology" title="Greek Anthology">Greek Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acritic_songs" title="Acritic songs">Acritic songs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_dress" title="Byzantine dress">Byzantine dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_law" title="Byzantine law">Byzantine law</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Harmenopoulos" title="Constantine Harmenopoulos">Hexabiblos</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #FFDEAD;color:black;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrocorinth" title="Acrocorinth">Acrocorinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelokastro_(Corfu)" title="Angelokastro (Corfu)">Angelokastro (Corfu)</a></li> <li>Athens <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles,_Athens" title="Church of the Holy Apostles, Athens">Church of the Holy Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Daphni Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Metropolis" title="Little Metropolis">Little Metropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Athens" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Athens">Soteira Lykodemou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Chios" title="Castle of Chios">Castle of Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Parigoritissa" title="Church of the Parigoritissa">Church of the Parigoritissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didymoteicho_Fortress" title="Didymoteicho Fortress">Didymoteicho Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feraklos_Castle" title="Feraklos Castle">Feraklos Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiki_Castle,_Corfu" title="Gardiki Castle, Corfu">Gardiki Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexamilion_wall" title="Hexamilion wall">Hexamilion wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosios_Loukas" title="Hosios Loukas">Hosios Loukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassiopi_Castle" title="Kassiopi Castle">Kassiopi Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteora" title="Meteora">Meteora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_John_the_Theologian" title="Monastery of Saint John the Theologian">Monastery of Saint John the Theologian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monemvasia" title="Monemvasia">Monemvasia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mystras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Moni_of_Chios" title="Nea Moni of Chios">Nea Moni of Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Metropolis,_Veria" title="Old Metropolis, Veria">Old Metropolis of Veria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagia_Episkopi" title="Panagia Episkopi">Panagia Episkopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagia_Kontariotissa" title="Panagia Kontariotissa">Panagia Kontariotissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleochristian_and_Byzantine_monuments_of_Thessaloniki" title="Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki">Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagia_Ekatontapiliani" title="Panagia Ekatontapiliani">Panagia Ekatontapiliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patras_Castle" title="Patras Castle">Patras Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Panagia" title="Porta Panagia">Porta Panagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_Theodore_Tyro_and_Theodore_Stratelates_Church,_Serres" title="Saints Theodore Tyro and Theodore Stratelates Church, Serres">Saints Theodoroi, Serres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikala_Castle" title="Trikala Castle">Trikala Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_the_municipality_of_Sparta" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sparti_div" title="Template:Sparti div"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sparti_div" title="Template talk:Sparti div"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sparti_div" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sparti div"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_the_municipality_of_Sparta" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Sparta,_Laconia" title="Sparta, Laconia">Sparta</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Faris,_Greece" title="Faris, Greece">Faris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Anogeia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arna,_Greece" title="Arna, Greece">Arna</a></li> <li>Kaminia</li> <li>Goranoi</li> <li>Lefkochoma</li> <li>Palaiopanagia</li> <li>Polovitsa</li> <li>Potamia</li> <li>Spartia</li> <li>Trapezanti</li> <li>Vasiliki</li> <li>Xirokambi</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Karyes" title="Karyes">Karyes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karyes" title="Karyes">Karyes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mystras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agia Eirini</li> <li>Agios Ioannis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anavryti,_Laconia" title="Anavryti, Laconia">Anavryti</a></li> <li>Longastra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magoula" title="Magoula">Magoula</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mystras</a></li> <li>Paroreio</li> <li>Soustianoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trypi" title="Trypi">Trypi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Oinountas" title="Oinountas">Oinountas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Koniditsa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellasia" title="Sellasia">Sellasia</a></li> <li>Theologos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamvakou" title="Vamvakou">Vamvakou</a></li> <li>Varvitsa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasaras" title="Vasaras">Vasaras</a></li> <li>Voutianoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vresthena" title="Vresthena">Vresthena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Pellana" title="Pellana">Pellana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Konstantinos,_Laconia" title="Agios Konstantinos, Laconia">Agios Konstantinos</a></li> <li>Agoriani</li> <li>Alevrou</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgitsi" title="Georgitsi">Georgitsi</a></li> <li>Kastoreio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longanikos" title="Longanikos">Longanikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellana" title="Pellana">Pellana</a></li> <li>Perivolia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vordonia" title="Vordonia">Vordonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Sparta,_Laconia" title="Sparta, Laconia">Sparta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Afisi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amykles" title="Amykles">Amykles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyvia_Sochas" title="Kalyvia Sochas">Kalyvia Sochas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladas,_Greece" title="Kladas, Greece">Kladas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta,_Laconia" title="Sparta, Laconia">Sparta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Therapnes" title="Therapnes">Therapnes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agioi Anargyroi</li> <li>Agrianoi</li> <li>Chrysafa</li> <li>Goritsa</li> <li>Kalloni</li> <li>Kefalas</li> <li>Platana</li> <li>Skoura</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19053#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19053#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19053#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159446889">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316750482">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209589/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4039597-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80097781">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119451036">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119451036">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=8729">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm131sg7401z6wz">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554914305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614745706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/410249370">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027400921">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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