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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="جوان زوناراس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوان زوناراس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuan_Zonaras" title="Chuan Zonaras – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuan Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Іаан Занара – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іаан Занара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Йоан Зонара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йоан Зонара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovan_Zonara" title="Jovan Zonara – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jovan Zonara" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Zonar%C3%A0s" title="Joan Zonaràs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joan Zonaràs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Zonaras" title="Ioannes Zonaras – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ioannes Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Zonaras" title="Johannes Zonaras – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannes Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%96%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Ιωάννης Ζωναράς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννης Ζωναράς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Zonaras" title="Juan Zonaras – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonaras" title="Zonaras – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="یوآنس زوناراس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوآنس زوناراس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Zonaras" title="Jean Zonaras – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xo%C3%A1n_Zonaras" title="Xoán Zonaras – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xoán Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Zonara" title="Ivan Zonara – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan Zonara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras" title="Joannes Zonaras – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Joannes Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Zonara" title="Giovanni Zonara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni Zonara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1" title="יואנס זונאראס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יואנס זונאראס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="იოანე ზონარა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოანე ზონარა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonaras" title="Zonaras – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3ann%C3%A9sz_Z%C3%B3narasz" title="Ióannész Zónarasz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ióannész Zónarasz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Јован Зонара – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јован Зонара" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="جوان زوناراس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوان زوناراس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Zonaras" title="Johannes Zonaras – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johannes Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Zonaras" title="Johannes Zonaras – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johannes Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Zonaras" title="Joan Zonaras – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joan Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Zonaras" title="Jan Zonaras – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Zonaras" title="João Zonaras – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="João Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_Zonaras" title="Ioan Zonaras – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ioan Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Иоанн Зонара – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иоанн Зонара" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Zonara" title="Jon Zonara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jon Zonara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3annes_Z%C3%B3naras" title="Ióannes Zónaras – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ióannes Zónaras" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Zonara" title="Ivan Zonara – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ivan Zonara" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Јован Зонара – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јован Зонара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovan_Zonara" title="Jovan Zonara – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jovan Zonara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Zonaras" title="Johannes Zonaras – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johannes Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Zonaras" title="Johannes Zonaras – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johannes Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0oannis_Zonaras" title="İoannis Zonaras – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İoannis Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Іоанн Зонара – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іоанн Зонара" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Zonaras" title="Ioannes Zonaras – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ioannes Zonaras" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BD%90%E7%BA%B3%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·佐纳拉斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·佐纳拉斯" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">12th century Byzantine chronicler and theologian</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Zonare_Historien_Grec._(BM_1879,1213.109).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jean_Zonare_Historien_Grec._%28BM_1879%2C1213.109%29.jpg/220px-Jean_Zonare_Historien_Grec._%28BM_1879%2C1213.109%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="427" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jean_Zonare_Historien_Grec._%28BM_1879%2C1213.109%29.jpg/330px-Jean_Zonare_Historien_Grec._%28BM_1879%2C1213.109%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jean_Zonare_Historien_Grec._%28BM_1879%2C1213.109%29.jpg/440px-Jean_Zonare_Historien_Grec._%28BM_1879%2C1213.109%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>16th-century depiction of Joannes Zonaras.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Joannes</b> or <b>John Zonaras</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἰωάννης Ζωναρᾶς</span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Iōánnēs Zōnarâs</i></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1070 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1140) was a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> historian, chronicler and <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theologian</a> who lived in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>). Under <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> he held the offices of <a href="/wiki/Drungarios_of_the_Vigla" class="mw-redirect" title="Drungarios of the Vigla">head justice</a> and private secretary (<i><a href="/wiki/Protasekretis" title="Protasekretis">protasēkrētis</a></i>) to the emperor, but after Alexios' death, he retired to the monastery on the Island of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Glyceria" title="Saint Glyceria">Hagia Glykeria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (İncir Adası, in the <a href="/wiki/Tuzla,_Istanbul" title="Tuzla, Istanbul">Bay of Tuzla</a>), where he spent the rest of his life writing books. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_Zonaras&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almost nothing is known of Zonaras's life. However, various elements can be inferred from his own writings. In one of his writings he states that he "saw" the second marriage of an emperor. This could have been the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_III_Botaneiates" title="Nikephoros III Botaneiates">Nikephoros III</a> with <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Alania" title="Maria of Alania">Maria of Alania</a> in late 1078 or perhaps even the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a> to <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Antioch" title="Maria of Antioch">Maria of Antioch</a> in 1161 which would put Zonaras' death significantly later.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It's not known with certainty if Zonaras served under <a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John II Komnenos</a> (r. 1118–1143), although this is still a possibility. Zonaras' <i>Epitome</i> served as the basis of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Manasses" title="Constantine Manasses">Constantine Manasses</a>' chronicle, which was commissioned by Irene Komnene, the widow of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sebastokrator" title="Sebastokrator">sebastokrator</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Komnenos_(son_of_Alexios_I)" title="Andronikos Komnenos (son of Alexios I)">Andronikos Komnenos</a>. Given that Irene died on (or shortly before) 1153, this work must have been written <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1150 or 1145. Furthermore, it's possible that Irene requested this shorter chronicle precisely because she had already seen Zonaras' <i>Epitome</i>. Therefore, it can be inferred that Zonaras had already died by 1145.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_works">Written works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_Zonaras&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Written works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His most important work, <i>Extracts of History</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν</span>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Epitome Historiarum</i>), in eighteen books, extends from the creation of the world to the death of Alexius (1118). The earlier part is largely drawn from <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>; for Roman history he chiefly followed <a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a> up to the early third century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary scholars are particularly interested in his account of the third and fourth centuries, which depend upon sources, now lost, whose nature is fiercely debated. Central to this debate is the work of Bruno Bleckmann, whose arguments tend to be supported by continental scholars but rejected in part by English-speaking scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An English translation of these important sections has recently been published.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chief original part of Zonaras' history is the section on the reign of <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a>, whom he criticizes for the favour shown to members of his family, to whom Alexios entrusted vast estates and significant state offices. His history was continued by <a href="/wiki/Niketas_Choniates" title="Niketas Choniates">Nicetas Acominatus</a>. </p><p>Various ecclesiastical works have been attributed to Zonaras — commentaries on the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> and the poems of <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a>; lives of Saints; and a treatise on the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Canons" title="Apostolic Canons">Apostolic Canons</a> — and there is no reason to doubt their genuineness. The lexicon, however, which has been handed down under his name (ed. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._A._H._Tittmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. A. H. Tittmann (page does not exist)">J. A. H. Tittmann</a> 1808) is probably the work of a certain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonius_Monachus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonius Monachus (page does not exist)">Antonius Monachus</a> (Stein's <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, ii.479 f).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first ecclesiastical denunciation of the game of <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> on the part of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> was voiced by Zonaras. It was during his retirement as a monk to the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a> that he wrote his commentary on the canons of the Eastern Church. The <a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council</a> required both clergy and laity to give up the use of dice (Canon 50). Zonaras wanted chess to also be included for clergy and laity to give up. </p><p>Zonaras, commenting on Canon 50, wrote, "Because there are some of the Bishops and clergy who depart from virtue and play chess (<i>zatikron</i>) or dice or drink to excess, the Rule commands that such shall cease to do so or be excluded; and if a Bishop or elder or deacon or subdeacon or reader or singer do not cease so to do, he shall be cast out: and if laymen be given to chess-playing and drunkenness, they shall be excluded."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_Zonaras&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFresco2012" class="citation book cs1">Fresco, Karen L. (2012). Wright, Charles D. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IMyXCwAAQBAJ"><i>Translating the Middle Ages</i></a>. Oxford, New York: Routledge. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315549965" title="Special:BookSources/9781315549965"><bdi>9781315549965</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Sep 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Translating+the+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781315549965&rft.aulast=Fresco&rft.aufirst=Karen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIMyXCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoannes+Zonaras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeville2018" class="citation book cs1">Neville, Leonora Alice (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1039703373"><i>Guide to Byzantine historical writing</i></a>. David A. Harrisville, Irina Tamarkina, Charlotte Whatley. Cambridge. pp. <span class="nowrap">193–</span>194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-62688-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-62688-0"><bdi>978-1-139-62688-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1039703373">1039703373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Byzantine+historical+writing&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E194&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1039703373&rft.isbn=978-1-139-62688-0&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=Leonora+Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1039703373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoannes+Zonaras" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Treadgold" title="Warren Treadgold">Treadgold, Warren</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GBVvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT307"><i>The Middle Byzantine Historians</i></a>. Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">388–</span>399. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137280862" title="Special:BookSources/9781137280862"><bdi>9781137280862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+Byzantine+Historians&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E388-%3C%2Fspan%3E399&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781137280862&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGBVvBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoannes+Zonaras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bleckmann, <i>Die Reichskrise des III. Jahrhunderts in der spätantiken und byzantinischen Geschichtsschreibung : Untersuchungen zu den nachdionischen Quellen der Chronik des Johannes Zonaras</i>. Munich, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banchich and Lane, <i>Zonaras</i>, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._J._R._Murray" title="H. J. R. Murray">Murray, H.J.R.</a> (2022) [1913]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B_hyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA80"><i>History of Chess</i></a> (DigiCat ed.). p. 80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Chess&rft.pages=80&rft.edition=DigiCat&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=H.J.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB_hyEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoannes+Zonaras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_Zonaras&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">1913 <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></a> article <b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/John_Zonaras" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/John Zonaras">John Zonaras</a></b>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation book cs1">Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium"><i>Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 2229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6"><bdi>978-0-19-504652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.pages=2229&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504652-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoannes+Zonaras" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Zonaras,_Joannes" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zonaras, Joannes">Zonaras, Joannes</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zonaras%2C+Joannes&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=1002&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoannes+Zonaras" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">William Smith</a>, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849), vol. III, p. 1331 ("Joannes Zonaras").</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Dictionary_of_Classical_Antiquities" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities">Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Thurston_Peck" title="Harry Thurston Peck">Harry Thurston Peck</a>, ed. (Second Edition, 1897), p. 1684 ("Ioannes Zonaras").</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" title="Oxford Classical Dictionary">Oxford Classical Dictionary</a></i>, N. G. L. Hammond and H. H. Scullard, eds., Clarendon Press, Oxford (Second Edition, 1970), p. 1147 ("Johannes Zonaras").</li> <li>Thomas Banchich and Eugene Lane, <i>The History of Zonaras from Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great</i>, Routledge (2009).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_Zonaras&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Greek <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="el" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82:%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%96%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%82" class="extiw" title="s:el:Συγγραφέας:Ιωάννης Ζωναράς">Ιωάννης Ζωναράς</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Latin <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="la" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Scriptor:Ioannes_Zonaras" class="extiw" title="s:la:Scriptor:Ioannes Zonaras">Ioannes Zonaras</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cts.perseids.org/read/greekLit/tlg3135">Complete works of Zonaras</a> in Greek at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Digital_Library" title="Perseus Digital Library">Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Scriptorum_Historiae_Byzantinae" title="Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae">Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae</a>: <i>Ioannes Zonaras</i>. <a href="/wiki/August_Immanuel_Bekker" title="August Immanuel Bekker">Immanuel Bekker</a> ed. Greek text with Latin translation. <a href="//archive.org/details/bub_gb_8iIAAAAAYAAJ" class="extiw" title="iarchive:bub gb 8iIAAAAAYAAJ">vol. 1</a>, <a href="//archive.org/details/ioanniszonaraea07pindgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:ioanniszonaraea07pindgoog">vol. 2</a>, <a href="//archive.org/details/ioanniszonaraea00pindgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:ioanniszonaraea00pindgoog">vol. 3</a></li> <li>Editio princeps: <i>Ioannis Zonarae Monachi, qui olim Byzantii Magnus Drungarius excubiaru[m] seu Biglae, & protosecretarius fuit, compendium Historiarum : in tres Tomos distinctum</i>. 3 vols., Greek text with Latin translation. Oporinus, Basel 1557. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11119888">vol.1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11119889">vol. 2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11119890">vol.3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bavarian_State_Library" title="Bavarian State Library">Bavarian State Library</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7040945M/Ioannou_tou_Zonara_Epitome_historion.">Epitome Historion</a> in Greek at the <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poesialatina.it/_ns/Greek/testi/Zonaras/Epitome_historiarum02.html">Epitome Historion</a> in Greek at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poesialatina.it/">Poesia latina site</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Histoire_des_Romains">French History form Severus Alexander to Justinian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_20_1050-1150-_Ioannes_Zonaras.html">Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openn.library.upenn.edu/Data/0012/html/ms2_2224q.html">Lexicon of Zonaras in Greek at OPenn</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Byzantine_historians147" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Byzantine_historians" title="Template:Byzantine historians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Byzantine_historians" title="Template talk:Byzantine historians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_historians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine historians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Byzantine_historians147" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Byzantine historians</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">5th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annianus_of_Alexandria" title="Annianus of Alexandria">Annianus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunapius" title="Eunapius">Eunapius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rufus" title="John Rufus">John Rufus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus_(historian)" title="Malchus (historian)">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiodorus_of_Thebes" title="Olympiodorus of Thebes">Olympiodorus of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panodorus_of_Alexandria" title="Panodorus of Alexandria">Panodorus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philostorgius" title="Philostorgius">Philostorgius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscus" title="Priscus">Priscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabinus_of_Heraclea" title="Sabinus of Heraclea">Sabinus of Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_of_Constantinople" title="Socrates of Constantinople">Socrates of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">6th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathias" title="Agathias">Agathias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Scythopolis" title="Cyril of Scythopolis">Cyril of Scythopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Epiphania" title="Eustathius of Epiphania">Eustathius of Epiphania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Miletus" title="Hesychius of Miletus">Hesychius of Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diakrinomenos" title="John Diakrinomenos">John Diakrinomenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Ephesus" title="John of Ephesus">John of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Epiphania" title="John of Epiphania">John of Epiphania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Joshua_the_Stylite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite">Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Zacharias_Rhetor" title="Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor">Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberatus_of_Carthage" title="Liberatus of Carthage">Liberatus of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellinus_Comes" title="Marcellinus Comes">Marcellinus Comes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_Protector" title="Menander Protector">Menander Protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonnosus_(historian)" title="Nonnosus (historian)">Nonnosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Patrician" title="Peter the Patrician">Peter the Patrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Lector" title="Theodorus Lector">Theodorus Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_of_Byzantium" title="Theophanes of Byzantium">Theophanes of Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Rhetor" title="Zacharias Rhetor">Zacharias Rhetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimus_(historian)" title="Zosimus (historian)">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">7th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Antioch_(historian)" title="John of Antioch (historian)">John of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan_the_Patrician" title="Trajan the Patrician">Trajan the Patrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_Simocatta" title="Theophylact Simocatta">Theophylact Simocatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">8th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Thebes" title="Hippolytus of Thebes">Hippolytus of Thebes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">9th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Syncellus" title="George Syncellus">George Syncellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nikephoros I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamartolos" title="George Hamartolos">George Hamartolos</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scriptor_Incertus" title="Scriptor Incertus">Scriptor Incertus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">10th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Genesius" title="Joseph Genesius">Joseph Genesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kaminiates" title="John Kaminiates">John Kaminiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_the_Deacon" title="Leo the Deacon">Leo the Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Simeon" title="Pseudo-Simeon">Pseudo-Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_Logothete" title="Symeon Logothete">Symeon Logothete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_Continuatus" title="Theophanes Continuatus">Theophanes Continuatus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">11th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Attaleiates" title="Michael Attaleiates">Michael Attaleiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kedrenos" title="George Kedrenos">George Kedrenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Psellos" title="Michael Psellos">Michael Psellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Skylitzes" title="John Skylitzes">John Skylitzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Xiphilinus_(historian)" title="John Xiphilinus (historian)">John Xiphilinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_of_Antioch" title="Yahya of Antioch">Yahya of Antioch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">12th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Bryennios_the_Younger" title="Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger">Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niketas_Choniates" title="Niketas Choniates">Niketas Choniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Thessalonica" title="Eustathius of Thessalonica">Eustathius of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Glykas" title="Michael Glykas">Michael Glykas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kinnamos" title="John Kinnamos">John Kinnamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Manasses" title="Constantine Manasses">Constantine Manasses</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joannes Zonaras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">13th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Akropolites" title="George Akropolites">George Akropolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Skoutariotes" title="Theodore Skoutariotes">Theodore Skoutariotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">14th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_Gregoras" title="Nicephorus Gregoras">Nicephorus Gregoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Kallistos_Xanthopoulos" title="Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos">Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pachymeres" title="George Pachymeres">George Pachymeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Panaretos" title="Michael Panaretos">Michael Panaretos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Anagnostes" title="John Anagnostes">John Anagnostes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cananus" title="John Cananus">John Cananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laonikos_Chalkokondyles" title="Laonikos Chalkokondyles">Laonikos Chalkokondyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Critobulus" title="Michael Critobulus">Michael Critobulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukas_(historian)" title="Doukas (historian)">Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sphrantzes" title="George Sphrantzes">George Sphrantzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kodinos" title="George Kodinos">Pseudo-George Kodinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32052#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4097" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32052#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4097" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32052#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/18151776766218010762">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2243159478323127990004">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44149542581100300422">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/165059778">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146167802707317770663">5</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1859991/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjMck7mCyDDhyd9qmYxXYd">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkmYxPFbXxfJqx3fqhvHC">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjCWj6hyTqGg4v8Y3JRHYP">3</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118773151">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86017321">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb132072067">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb132072067">BnF 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