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li.menu-22773.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22763.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22781.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-22747.top-level a.hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46805.top-level a.hover, { background-color: #f2f2f2; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 .view-header { margin-bottom: 2rem; } .view-articles-by-property-view.view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_2 { margin-top: 5rem; margin-bottom: 5rem; } body.not-front .field-content.post-date { font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.1666; color: #4d4c4c; letter-spacing: 0.77px; text-transform: uppercase; display: block; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; } body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-61823 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62054 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62048 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62003 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62051 .node-article li, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article p, body.node-type-article.og-context-node-62045 .node-article li, body.property-type-9040 p, body.property-type-9040 li, body.property-type-8447 p, body.property-type-8447 li, body.property-type-8450 p, body.property-type-8450 li { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin-right: 0; } body.og-context-node-102953 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102950 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102947 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102932 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102944 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-102941 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 71px; width: 77px; } body.og-context-node-62054 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-61823 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62051 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62003 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62048 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-62045 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 75px; width: 85px; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-97691 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97693 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97692 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97694 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97696 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img, body.og-context-node-97697 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { margin-top: -2px; width: 78px; height: 78px; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img { margin: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 84px !important; } .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_1 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_5 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_9 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4, .view-id-articles_by_property_view.view-display-id-page_10 #views-bootstrap-grid-1 .row > .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-article .read-more-button { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .section.more-stories-by::after { border-top: none; } .view-articles-by-issue-with-podcast .views-field-php { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-54396.node-type-article ul.breadcrumb { display:none; } .og-context-node-54396 .footer-fluid, .page-isotope-articles .footer-fluid { margin-top: 4rem; } .view-property-slideshows-by-taxonomy .item { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item { margin-top: 4rem; } .node-sidebar .node-sidebar-item:first-child { margin-top: 0; } body.node-type-page h1 { font-size:4rem; } .library_field { margin-top: 1rem; font-weight: 700; } .historical-note { font-size: 12px; } .small-view .views-field-title { width: 94%; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 90%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 1em; list-style: inherit; } node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } body.node-type-article .article-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: inherit; } body.property-type-11 .view-articles-by-property-view ul li { margin-top: 1rem; } body.node-type-file-object article ul { list-style: inherit; } body.node-type-file-object article ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } /* body.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section_articles_second {*/ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .property_home_page_section_articles_second { display:none; } /* body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { font-size: 0; } */ body.page-node-81254 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container .property_home_page_section_articles_first { font-size: inherit; } body.front.i18n-fr .aan_image, body.front.i18n-es .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ru .aan_image, body.front.i18n-ar .aan_image, body.front.i18n-zh-hans .aan_image { display:none; } .page-node-81254.og-context-node-81254 .view-id-unorg_home_top_multiitem_nodequeue .unorg-home-hero { margin-bottom: 5rem; } /* dhl */ .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size:12px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59110 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-59107 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { font-size: 10px; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74753.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74774.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74762.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74768.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74765.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-left: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3, .og-context-node-74777.node-type-article section#block-system-main > .row > .col-sm-3 { border-right: solid 2px #ededed; } .og-context-node-74777 p { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-3 ul li { line-height: 1.75; } .og-context-node-74777 h1.page-header { font-size: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74753 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74777 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74774 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74762 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74768 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h2, .og-context-node-74765 .node.node-page .content > .row > .col-sm-9 h3 { margin-top: 4rem; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74774 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, .og-context-node-74777 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li, ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { white-space: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 3px; } .og-context-node-74768 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74765 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74762 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a, .og-context-node-74753 ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { font-size: 12px; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 15px; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774, body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 p { font-size: 1.61rem; line-height: 1.61; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 h3 { font-size: 2.8rem; line-height: 1.34; } body.i18n-zh-hans.og-context-node-74774 .home-footer h4 { font-size: 2.3rem; line-height: 1.265; } .not-front .home-footer .footer-fluid .footer.container.dark ul li::before { content: ""; } /* /dhl */ body.article-type-7 .node-sidebar .field-name-body.field-type-text-with-summary.field-label-above .field-label { display: none; } /* .page-calendar-by-property .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } */ .feed-icon img { width: inherit; } li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { z-index:10; } body.node-type-file-object article .field-name-field-image.field-type-image img { width: inherit; } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts { font-size: 2.2rem; color: white; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.1818; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0 0 0.1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); padding: 0.2rem 0 0.4rem 1.7rem; border-left: solid 0.5rem rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); } .node-type-property .un-facts-heading h4.un-facts a { color: white; } .property-type-14 .unorg-home-5x4.third-story { margin-top: 3rem; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg { background-color: inherit; } .property-type-14 .property_home_page_section_articles.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-bottom: 4rem; } .og-context-node-98731.node-type-page #block-system-main img{ width: inherit; } /* .view-articles-by-property-view .row h3 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } */ body.page-articles-by-property-local-category .view-articles-by-property-view .row .col-xs-12.col-sm-6.col-md-4.col-lg-4 { margin-bottom: 4rem; } .page-node-106961 #toggle-play, .page-node-106961 #toggle-pause { bottom: 180px; } .view-dhl.view-display-id-page .views-widget-filter-data_1 { display: none; } .view-un-org-home-news-row.view-id-un_org_home_news_row.view-display-id-block_2 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_1 p, .view-unorg-home-top-multiitem-nodequeue.view-display-id-block_5 p { font-size: 14px; } .un-org-home-news-row-block-2 { margin-top: 4rem; } body.not-front.i18n-ar div.category { letter-spacing: inherit; text-transform: inherit; } body.node-type-book .book-toc { display: none; } .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.single-day div.monthview { background: inherit; } .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .month-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.monthview .contents, .i18n-ar .calendar-calendar .week-view .full td.multi-day .calendar.weekview .contents { right: 0; left: 5px; } .navbar-full.navbar { background-color: #4d4d4d; padding: 0; height: 34px; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 30%); margin-bottom: 0; z-index: 99; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol, body.not-front .views-field-body ol { list-style-type: decimal; } ol.blue-list li::marker { color: #009edb; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; } body.node-type-page .field-name-body ol li, body.not-front .views-field-body ol li { margin-left: 2rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page h3 { clear: both; padding:0.5em 0; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 50px; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; display: inline; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row { clear: both; margin-bottom: 1rem; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-row a { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; } .full_observances_list { text-align: right; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list { text-align: left; } .full_observances_list a::after { font-family: FontAwesome; margin-left: 3px; color: #00a1d9; content: "\f101"; line-height: 1; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; } .i18n-ar .full_observances_list a::after { margin-right: 3px; content: "\f100"; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { background-color: #ffffff !important; } .page-node-132204 .property_home_page_section.gray-bg .container { background-color: #f2f2f2 !important; padding-top: 4rem; padding-bottom: 4rem; } body.page-node-132204.property-type-14.node-type-property .property_home_page_section.gray-bg { padding-top: inherit; padding-bottom: inherit; } .i18n-ar .front-wrapper header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand { font-size: 2.1rem; margin-top: 0.5rem; line-height: 1.6; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul { list-style: inherit; } .node-type-book.og-context-node-40059 ul li { list-style-image: inherit; list-style-type: inherit; margin-left: 2em; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a { background-color: #009edb; } ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-33990.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45720.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-45912.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46218.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46227.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46154.top-level a.active-menu, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a:hover, ul#main-menu li.menu-46228.top-level a.active-menu { background: #f2f2f2; color: black; } body.node-type-article #toggle-play, body.node-type-article #toggle-pause { bottom: 150px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 1000px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { clear: both; width: 500px !important; float: right; display: block; } .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-field-event-date-1 { float: left; margin-right: 0px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 720px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 360px !important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 400px) { .view-event-flat-calendar-by-property.view-display-id-page .views-field.views-field-title { width: 200px !important; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.front #live_now_button { display: block; float: left !important; } body.front.i18n-ar #live_now_button { float: right !important; } header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-btn::after { border-right: 0; } body.not-front header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { height: 40px; width: 89px; } body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-1, body.not-front .navbar-header .navbar-brand-img-subtitle-2 { margin-top: 60px; padding: 0; } body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active, body.i18n-ar li.top-level ul.subnav-active-menu { padding: 0; position: inherit; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li { padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 2em; background-color: #ffffff; float: none; border-bottom: #f2f2f2 solid 1px; } body.i18n-ar ul#main-menu ul.subnav li a { background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive table.table { font-size: 8px; } body.page-desa-products .table-responsive > .table > tbody > tr > td { white-space: inherit; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { body.node-type-article .article-body ul { width: 55%; } body.node-type-article .node-article .image-gallery-main-image .image-metadata, .node-article .article-body .image-metadata, .node-type-article .node-article > .image-metadata { width: 55%; } } /*Ocean 2022 logo*/ /* body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 261px !important; height: 79px !important; margin-top: 0; } @media (max-width: 768px) { body.property-type-8453 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 164px !important; height: 50px !important; margin-top: 0; } body.og-context-node-170924 header#navbar .navbar-header .navbar-brand.navbar-brand-img img { width: 66px !important; margin-top: -14px; } } */ </style> </section> <section id="block-block-60" class="block block-block clearfix"> <style type="text/css">/* -- begin added by Tulin -- */ /* ****** effects for headers ***** */ h1.header-entry-page { font-size: 4.5rem !important; } h3.header-lg { font-size: 4rem; } h3.header-md { font-size: 3rem; } .heading-underlined-blue::after { content: ''; display: block; margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem 0; border-top: #00a1d9 solid 3px; width: 33%; } .heading-underlined-blue { margin-top: 5rem; } .heading-center-underline { text-align: center !important; } .heading-center-underline::after { content: ''; display: block; margin-left: 25% !important; margin-right: 50% !important; text-align: center; margin-top: 1.0501050105rem; border-top: #009edb solid 3px; width: 50% !important; } /* ******* layout visual aid **** */ blockquote p::before { content: "\f10d"; font-family: 'Fontawesome'; float: left; margin-right: 10px; } .grey-well { padding: 5rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; background-color: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; border-radius: 0px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); } .blue-well { background-color: #009edb; padding: 5rem; margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; /*padding: 35px 35px; margin-bottom: 35px; text-align: center;*/ } .blue-well p, .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul, .blue-well li, .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { color: #ffffff !important; font-size: 1.75rem !important; /*line-height: normal !important;*/ letter-spacing: normal; font-weight: 500; list-style: inherit; } .blue-well-nav-bar { padding: 2rem; } .blue-well h3, .blue-well h4 { color: #ffffff !important; font-size: 2.25rem !important; letter-spacing: normal; } 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<a id="main-content"></a>  <section class="region region-content"> <section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div id="node-84376" class="node node-page clearfix" about="/en/climatechange/paris-agreement" typeof="foaf:Document"> <span property="dc:title" content="The Paris Agreement" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content"> <div class="field-name-field-image"><img src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/styles/banner-image-style-27-10/public/2022/11/parisagreement_cover01.jpg" alt=""/></div> <div class="image-metadata"><span class="photo-credit">Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon; Laurent Fabius, Minister for Foreign Affairs of France and President of the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21); and François Hollande, President of France celebrate after the historic adoption of Paris Agreement on climate change. </span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><style type="text/css">.node-page .panel-md p { font-size: 22px; } .node-page .panel-md { padding: 20px 30px; margin: 30px; } </style> <div class="row bottommargin-med"> <p> </p> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8"> <h1 class="page-header">The Paris Agreement</h1> <p>Climate change is a global emergency that goes beyond national borders. It is an issue that requires international cooperation and coordinated solutions at all levels.</p> <p>To tackle climate change and its negative impacts, world leaders at the <a href="http://www.cop21paris.org/">UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris</a> reached a breakthrough on 12 December 2015: the historic <a href="http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf">Paris Agreement</a>.</p> <p>The Agreement sets long-term goals to guide all nations to:</p> <ul> <li>substantially reduce global greenhouse gas emissions to hold global temperature increase to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change</li> <li>periodically assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of this agreement and its long-term goals</li> <li>provide financing to developing countries to mitigate climate change, strengthen resilience and enhance abilities to adapt to climate impacts.</li> </ul> <p>The Agreement is a legally binding international treaty. It entered into force on 4 November 2016. Today, <a href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-d&chapter=27&clang=_en">195 Parties</a> (194 States plus the European Union) have joined the Paris Agreement.</p> <p>The Agreement includes commitments from all countries to reduce their emissions and work together to adapt to the impacts of climate change, and calls on countries to strengthen their commitments over time. The Agreement provides a pathway for developed nations to assist developing nations in their climate mitigation and adaptation efforts while creating a framework for the transparent monitoring and reporting of countries’ climate goals.</p> <p>The Paris Agreement provides a durable framework guiding the global effort for decades to come. It marks the beginning of a shift towards a <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition">net-zero</a> emissions world. Implementation of the Agreement is also essential for the achievement of the <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/17-goals-to-transform-our-world">Sustainable Development Goals</a>.</p> <p> </p> <h2>How does it work?</h2> <p> </p> <p>The Paris Agreement works on a five- year cycle of increasingly ambitious climate action carried out by countries. Every five years, each country is expected to submit an updated national climate action plan - known as <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/all-about-ndcs"><strong>Nationally Determined Contribution</strong></a>, or NDC.</p> <p>In their NDCs, countries communicate actions they will take to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in order to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement. Countries also communicate in the NDCs actions they will take to build resilience to adapt to the impacts of rising temperatures.<br> <br> In 2023, the first <b>“<a href="https://unfccc.int/topics/global-stocktake">global stocktake</a>”</b> of the world’s efforts under the Paris Agreement concluded at <b><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/cop28">COP28</a></b> with a <a href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cma2023_L17_adv.pdf">decision</a> on how to accelerate action across all areas – mitigation, adaptation, and finance – by 2030, including a call on governments to speed up the transition away from fossil fuels to <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy">renewable energy</a> such as wind and solar power in their next round of climate commitments.</p> <p>To better frame the efforts towards the long-term goal, the Paris Agreement invites countries to formulate and submit <strong>long-term strategies</strong>. Unlike NDCs, they are not mandatory.</p> <p>The operational details for the practical implementation of the Paris Agreement were agreed on at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP24) in Katowice, Poland, in December 2018, in what is colloquially called the <a href="https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/katowice-climate-package">Paris Rulebook</a>, and finalized at COP26 in Glasgow, Scotland, in November 2021.<br>  </p> <p><em>More information on the Paris Agreement can be found <a href="https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement">here</a>.</em></p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 col-md-offset-1 topmargin"><img alt="Key elements of the Paris Agreement" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2020/12/key-elements_parisagreement.jpg"> <div class="panel panel-default panel-md element-invisible"> <div class="panel-body"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-file-text-o fa-5x pull-right" style="color: #009edb;margin-top: .2em;margin-left: .5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"> </i> <h3 class="heading-border block">Key elements of the<br> Paris Agreement</h3> <ul> <li>To keep global temperatures well below 2C (3.6F) above pre-industrial times while pursuing means to limit the increase to 1.5C.</li> <li>To review countries’ contribution to cutting emissions every five years</li> <li>To help poorer nations by providing climate finance to adapt to climate change and switch to renewable energy</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gray-bg"> <div class="row" style="padding: 5rem;"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6"> <h3 class="heading-border block">Aidan Gallagher: The Paris Agreement Works</h3> <div class="bottommargin-med embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BJQz0ZeVFUM" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6"> <h3 class="heading-border block">What is the 'Paris Agreement', and how does it work?</h3> <div class="bottommargin-med embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <div class="bottommargin-med embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5THr3bFj8Z4" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row bottommargin-sm topmargin"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-2 col-lg-12"> <h2 class="heading-border block">Read more</h2> </div> </div> <div class="row bottommargin"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition"><img alt="" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/10/image011.png" title=""></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition">Net zero</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">What is net zero? Why is it important? Our <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition">net-zero page</a> explains why we need steep emissions cuts now and what efforts are underway.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-adaptation"><img alt="" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/adaptation-side-panel.jpg" title=""></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-adaptation">Adaptation</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">What is climate adaptation? Why is it so important for every country?<a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-adaptation"> Find out</a> how we can protect lives and livelihoods as the climate changes.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/climate-finance"><img alt="" src="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/climate-finance-report-cover.jpg" title=""></a> <h3 class="heading-border block"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues">Finance</a></h3> <p style="margin-top: 10px;">How will the world foot the bill? We <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/climate-finance">explain the issues</a> and the <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/why-finance-climate-action">value</a> of financing climate action.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="sharing_widget" class="col-sm-12 bottommargin">  <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_x"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> </div> <script async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  </div> </div> </div>  <div class="section section-fluid home-footer gray-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="row topmargin"> <div class="divider"></div> </div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Facts and figures</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change">What is climate change?</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change">Causes and effects </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/mythbusters">Myth busters</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports">Reports</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/key-findings">Fast facts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Cutting emissions</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition">Explaining net zero </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/high-level-expert-group">High-level expert group on net zero</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/implementing-high-level-expert-group-report">Checklists for credibility of net-zero pledges</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/greenwashing">Greenwashing</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/actnow/ten-actions">What you can do </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Clean energy</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy">Renewable energy – key to a safer future</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-renewable-energy">What is renewable energy</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy-transition">Five ways to speed up the energy transition </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/why-invest-renewable-energy">Why invest in renewable energy</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/how-communities-are-embracing-renewable-energy">Clean energy stories </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/sharan-burrow-shared-prosperity">A just transition </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Adapting to climate change</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-adaptation">Climate adaptation</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/early-warnings-for-all">Early warnings for all</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/voices-of-change">Youth voices</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div> </div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Financing climate action</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/climate-finance">Finance and justice</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/adelle-thomas-loss-and-damage">Loss and damage </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/climate_finance_report.pdf" class="pdf-link">$100 billion commitment </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/why-finance-climate-action">Why finance climate action</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Explainers</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/health">Health </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food">Food</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/biodiversity">Biodiversity</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/ocean">Ocean</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/water">Water</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/land">Land</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/greenwashing">Greenwashing</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/human-security">Human Security </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/women">Women</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/degrees-matter">1.5°C</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">International cooperation</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement">Paris Agreement</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/all-about-ndcs">What are Nationally Determined Contributions</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_sgs_acceleration_agenda.pdf" class="pdf-link">Acceleration Agenda</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/climatechange/climate-ambition-summit">Climate Ambition Summit</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/cop29">COP29</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/un-climate-conferences">Climate conferences (COPs)</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/youth-in-action/youth-advisory-group">Youth Advisory Group</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-action-coalitions">Action initiatives </a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/17-goals-to-transform-our-world">Sustainable Development Goals</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div><div class="col-md-3"> <section class="region region-footer-1"> <div class="block block-menu"> <h4 class="font-bold">Resources</h4> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/speeches">Secretary-General’s speeches</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/press-materials">Press material</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/climatechange/un-climate-interviews">Interviews</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-fast-facts">Fact sheets</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/graphics">Graphics</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/communicating-climate-change">Communications tips</a> </li> <li class="leaf"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/speeches">Speeches</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section></div> </div> </div></div>    <div class="section-fluid footer-fluid"> <footer class="footer container dark"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="pull-left flip footer-brand en"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/" title="Home"> <span class="site-name">United Nations</span></a> </div> <div class="pull-right flip donate"> <a href="/en/about-us/how-to-donate-to-the-un-system" class="btn btn-default btn-reverse dark" role="button" id="donate_button">Donate</a> 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