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class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 157 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">157 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1731 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1731 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1731 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1731 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B3%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۷۳۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۷۳۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7" title="১৭৩১ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৭৩১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_n%C3%AE" title="1731 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1731 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1731 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1731 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731." title="1731. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1731." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1731 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1731 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B3%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۷۳۱ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۷۳۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731%E5%B9%B4" title="1731年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1731年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731%EB%85%84" title="1731년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1731년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१७३१ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१७३१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731." title="1731. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1731." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১৭৩১ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৭৩১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1731-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1731-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AD%E0%B3%A9%E0%B3%A7" title="೧೭೩೧ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೭೩೧" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1731 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1731 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1731 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1731 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1731 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1731 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%D0%B8" title="1731 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1731 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731._gads" title="1731. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1731. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1731 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1731 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_m." title="1731 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1731 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१७३१ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१७३१" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १७३१ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १७३१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B3%DB%B1" title="۱۷۳۱ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۷۳۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1731 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1731 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%87%E1%81%83%E1%81%81" title="၁၇၃၁ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၇၃၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="सन् १७३१ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १७३१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731%E5%B9%B4" title="1731年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1731年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AD%E0%AD%A9%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୭୩୧ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୭୩୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१७३१ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१७३१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1731 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1731 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१७३१ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१७३१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731%D8%B9" title="1731ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1731ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A7%D9%A3%D9%A1" title="١٧٣١ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٧٣١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731." title="1731. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1731." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1731 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1731 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2274" title="พ.ศ. 2274 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2274" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1731" title="Соли 1731 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1731" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731%D8%A1" title="1731ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1731ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731%E5%B9%B4" title="1731年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1731年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731%E5%B9%B4" title="1731年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1731年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731" title="1731 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1731" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1731%E5%B9%B4" title="1731年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1731年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1710s" title="1710s">1710s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1720s" title="1720s">1720s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1730s" title="1730s">1730s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1740s" title="1740s">1740s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1750s" title="1750s">1750s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1728" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1728">1728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1729" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1729">1729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1730" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1730">1730</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1731" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1731">1731</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1732" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1732">1732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1733" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1733">1733</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1734" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1734">1734</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crab_Nebula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/330px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/500px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/960px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>1731: <a href="/wiki/John_Bevis" title="John Bevis">John Bevis</a> becomes first Earth astronomer to observe the <a href="/wiki/Crab_Nebula" title="Crab Nebula">Crab Nebula</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1731" title="Category:1731">1731 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Arts and science</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="1731 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_architecture" title="1731 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_art" title="1731 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_literature" title="1731 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_poetry" title="1731 in poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_music" title="1731 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_science" title="1731 in science">Science</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Countries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_Canada" title="1731 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_Denmark" title="1731 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_France" title="1731 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_Great_Britain" title="1731 in Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_Ireland" title="1731 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_Norway" title="1731 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_Russia" title="1731 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_Scotland" title="1731 in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731_in_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1731 in Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1731_in_Sweden" title="1731 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1731" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1731">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_18th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 18th century">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_18th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 18th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1731_births" title="Category:1731 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1731_deaths" title="Category:1731 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1731_establishments" title="Category:1731 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1731_disestablishments" title="Category:1731 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1731_works" title="Category:1731 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C18_year_in_topic" title="Template:C18 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C18_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C18 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C18_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C18 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1731 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1731<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCXXXI</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2484</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1180<br />ԹՎ ՌՃՁ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6481</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1652–1653</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1137–1138</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2681</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>4 <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">Geo. 2</a> – 5 <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">Geo. 2</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2275</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1093</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7239–7240</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">庚戌</a>年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />4428 or 4221<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />辛亥年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />4429 or 4222</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1447–1448</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2897</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1723–1724</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5491–5492</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1787–1788</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1652–1653</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4831–4832</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11731</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>731–732</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1109–1110</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1143–1144</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Kyōhō">Kyōhō</a> 16<br />(享保１６年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1655–1656</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 11 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4064</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>181 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前181年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>263</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2273–2274</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳金狗年<br />(male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />1857 or 1476 or 704<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴金猪年<br />(female Iron-<a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />1858 or 1477 or 705</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1731" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1731">1731</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1731</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCXXXI</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Common year starting on Monday">common year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Common year starting on Friday">common year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1731st year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 731st year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 31st year of the <a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a>, and the 2nd year of the <a href="/wiki/1730s" title="1730s">1730s</a> decade. As of the start of 1731, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – An avalanche from the Skafjell mountain causes a massive wave in the <a href="/wiki/Storfjorden_(Sunnm%C3%B8re)" title="Storfjorden (Sunnmøre)">Storfjorden</a> <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjord</a> in Norway that sinks all boats that happen to be in the water at the time and kills people on both shores.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – A fire in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Coudenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Coudenberg">Coudenberg Palace</a>, at this time the home of the ruling Austrian <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchess of Brabant</a>, destroys the building, including the state records stored therein.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – In China, the <a href="/wiki/Yongzheng_Emperor" title="Yongzheng Emperor">Emperor Yongzheng</a> orders grain to be shipped from <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> to the famine-stricken <a href="/wiki/Shangzhou_District" title="Shangzhou District">Shangzhou region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> province.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louise_Hippolyte,_Princess_of_Monaco" title="Louise Hippolyte, Princess of Monaco">Louise Hippolyte</a> becomes the second woman to serve as <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Princess of Monaco</a>, the reigning monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Monaco">tiny European principality</a>, ascending upon the death of her father <a href="/wiki/Antonio_I,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Antonio I, Prince of Monaco">Prince Antonio</a>. She reigns only nine months before dying of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> on December 29.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vienna_(1731)" title="Treaty of Vienna (1731)">Treaty of Vienna</a> is signed between the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dabhoi" title="Battle of Dabhoi">Battle of Dabhoi</a> in India is fought between Sarsenapati Trimbakrao Dabhade and Bajirao Peshwa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – The town of <a href="/wiki/Raynham,_Massachusetts" title="Raynham, Massachusetts">Raynham, Massachusetts</a> in Bristol County is entered as a new town by the governor and court of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts</a>, New England, America.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – British trader <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkins_(master_mariner)" title="Robert Jenkins (master mariner)">Robert Jenkins</a> has his ear cut off after his ship, <i>Rebecca</i> is boarded by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> coast guards at <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident becomes the <i><a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">casus belli</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a> in <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – A fire at <a href="/wiki/White%27s" title="White's">White's</a> Chocolate House, near St. James's Palace in London, destroys the historic club and the paintings therein, but is kept from spreading by the fast response of firemen.<sup id="cite_ref-Fires_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fires-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fleet_(Russia)" title="Pacific Fleet (Russia)">Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy</a> is established by order of the <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress of Russia">Empress</a> <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Russia" title="Anna of Russia">Anna of Russia</a>, who directs Grigory Skornyakov-Pisarev to assume command over the new fleet and to develop <a href="/wiki/Okhotsk" title="Okhotsk">Okhotsk</a> as a major port.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – The English market town of <a href="/wiki/Blandford_Forum" title="Blandford Forum">Blandford Forum</a> is destroyed by fire, with the exception of 26 houses. About one-third of the uninsured losses are paid for by the collection of disaster relief money.<sup id="cite_ref-Fires_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fires-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> and fellow-subscribers start the <a href="/wiki/Library_Company_of_Philadelphia" title="Library Company of Philadelphia">Library Company of Philadelphia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William I of Prussia">Frederick William I of Prussia</a> forgives his 19-year-old son, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Prince Frederick</a>, who has been confined since November to the town of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCstrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Küstrin">Küstrin</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Kostrzyn_nad_Odr%C4%85" title="Kostrzyn nad Odrą">Kostrzyn nad Odrą</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>) for his 1730 attempt to desert from the Prussian Army.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine years later, having been politically rehabilitated, Prince Frederick succeeds his father as King and is later remembered as "Frederick the Great".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – The oldest known sports score in history is recorded in the description of a cricket match at Richmond Green in England, when the team of Thomas Chambers of Middlesex defeats the Duke of Richmond's team by 119 to 79.</li> <li>September – The first successful <a href="/wiki/Appendectomy" title="Appendectomy">appendectomy</a> is performed by English surgeon William Cookesley.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – The village of <a href="/wiki/Barnwell,_Cambridgeshire" title="Barnwell, Cambridgeshire">Barnwell, Cambridgeshire</a>, England, is "burned down entirely" by a fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Fires_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fires-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cotton_library#Ashburnham_House_fire" title="Cotton library">A fire at Ashburnham House</a> in Westminster destroys 114 irreplaceable manuscripts (including a manuscript of <a href="/wiki/The_Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a>) and damages 98 others (among them the manuscript of <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i>). <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bentley" title="Richard Bentley">Richard Bentley</a>, the King's librarian and the House's owner, saves the only copy of the <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a></i>, carrying it under one arm as he leaps from a window. Bentley's ten year labor in translating the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Testament">Greek Testament</a> is ruined by the blaze. The remaining 844 manuscripts later form the heart of the collections of the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fires_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fires-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> <ul><li>Swiss mathematician <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a> announces his use of the irrational number <a href="/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)" title="E (mathematical constant)"><i>e</i></a> (approximately 2.71828) as the <a href="/wiki/Base_of_a_logarithm" class="mw-redirect" title="Base of a logarithm">base</a> for the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_logarithm" title="Natural logarithm">natural logarithm</a>, describing it in a letter to German mathematician <a href="/wiki/Christian_Goldbach" title="Christian Goldbach">Christian Goldbach</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrona_Halil" title="Patrona Halil">Patrona Halil</a>, an ethnic Albanian and a <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">janissary</a> who instigated a mass uprising in 1730 within the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> that brought <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I">Mahmud I</a> to power as the new Sultan, is strangled to death in Mahmud's presence after the rebellion is suppressed.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – The Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Chhatrasal" title="Chhatrasal">Chhatrasal</a>, monarch of <a href="/wiki/Bundelkhand" title="Bundelkhand">Bundelkhand</a> in India (part of the modern-day states of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>) dies at the age of 82. His kingdom is divided into four parts, with one part going to <a href="/wiki/Baji_Rao_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Baji Rao I">Baji Rao I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Marathas</a> and the other three going to his three sons: Harde Sah gets the <a href="/wiki/Panna_State" title="Panna State">Panna State</a>, Jagat Rai gets the <a href="/wiki/Jaitpur_State" title="Jaitpur State">Jaitpur State</a> and Bharti Chand gets the <a href="/wiki/Jaso_State" title="Jaso State">Jaso State</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_I,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Jacques I, Prince of Monaco">Jacques Grimaldi</a>, the husband of the reigning monarch of <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Hippolyte,_Princess_of_Monaco" title="Louise Hippolyte, Princess of Monaco">Louise Hippolyte</a>, succeeds to the throne after Louise's death from <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jacques_I,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Jacques I, Prince of Monaco">Jacques I</a> rules until his own death in 1751.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Colony_of_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Colony of North Carolina">Royal Colony of North Carolina</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Burrington" title="George Burrington">George Burrington</a> asks the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="North Carolina General Assembly">North Carolina General Assembly</a> to pass an act establishing a town on the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Fear_River" title="Cape Fear River">Cape Fear River</a>, in what is seen as a political move to shift the power away from the powerful Cape Fear plantation class. The town is laid out in <a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a>, and incorporated as <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_North_Carolina" title="Wilmington, North Carolina">Wilmington</a> in <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bassi" title="Laura Bassi">Laura Bassi</a> becomes the first official female university teacher, on being appointed professor of <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, at the age of 21.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>English scientist <a href="/wiki/John_Bevis" title="John Bevis">John Bevis</a> observes the <a href="/wiki/Crab_Nebula" title="Crab Nebula">Crab Nebula</a> for the first time in the modern era.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Octant_(instrument)" title="Octant (instrument)">octant</a> is developed by English mathematician <a href="/wiki/John_Hadley" title="John Hadley">John Hadley</a> (it will eventually be replaced as a means of determining <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Sextant" title="Sextant">sextant</a>).</li> <li>The Royal Theatre of <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>) is built by architect <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Galli_Bibiena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinando Galli Bibiena">Ferdinando Galli Bibiena</a>.</li> <li>First deeds for The Queen Inn, <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>. Hops are grown on the land.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Emo" title="Angelo Emo">Angelo Emo</a>, Venetian admiral and statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Churchill_(satirist)" title="Charles Churchill (satirist)">Charles Churchill</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1764" title="1764">1764</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Silang" title="Gabriela Silang">Gabriela Silang</a>, Filipino rebel leader and heroine (d. <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Williams_(Connecticut_politician)" title="William Williams (Connecticut politician)">William Williams</a>, signer of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beilby_Porteus" title="Beilby Porteus">Beilby Porteus</a>, Bishop of London and abolitionist (d. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Biehl" title="Dorothea Biehl">Dorothea Biehl</a>, Danish writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriot</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Constantine_Jennings" title="Henry Constantine Jennings">Henry Constantine Jennings</a>, English gambler and collector (d. <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg/120px-Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg/250px-Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a>, English scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Banneker" title="Benjamin Banneker">Benjamin Banneker</a>, <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> astronomer, surveyor of the District of Columbia (d. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Cowper" title="William Cowper">William Cowper</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Xaver_Du%C5%A1ek" title="František Xaver Dušek">František Xaver Dušek</a>, Czech composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin" title="Erasmus Darwin">Erasmus Darwin</a>, English scientist and grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Viera_y_Clavijo" title="José de Viera y Clavijo">José de Viera y Clavijo</a>, Spanish writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Theotokis" title="Nikephoros Theotokis">Nikephoros Theotokis</a>, Greek scholar and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois_Geoffroy" title="Étienne François Geoffroy">Étienne François Geoffroy</a>, French chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma">Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Lohe" title="Anna Lohe">Anna Lohe</a>, Swedish banker (b. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BartolomeoCristofori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/BartolomeoCristofori.jpg/110px-BartolomeoCristofori.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/BartolomeoCristofori.jpg/165px-BartolomeoCristofori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/BartolomeoCristofori.jpg/220px-BartolomeoCristofori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a>, Italian maker of musical instruments (b. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hancorne_(1642_%E2%80%93_1731)" title="Thomas Hancorne (1642 – 1731)">Thomas Hancorne</a>, Welsh clergyman and theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Carpenter,_1st_Baron_Carpenter" title="George Carpenter, 1st Baron Carpenter">George Carpenter, 1st Baron Carpenter</a>, British Army general (b. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_de_Le%C3%B3n_y_Delgado" title="Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado">Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado</a>, Spanish Dominican lay sister and mystic (b. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Ruysch" title="Frederik Ruysch">Frederik Ruysch</a>, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a>, Sufi academic (b. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Melchior_Dinglinger" title="Johann Melchior Dinglinger">Johann Melchior Dinglinger</a>, German goldsmith (b. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Brokoff" title="Ferdinand Brokoff">Ferdinand Brokoff</a>, Czech sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Talbot,_Countess_of_Tyrconnell" title="Frances Talbot, Countess of Tyrconnell">Frances Talbot, Countess of Tyrconnell</a>, English-born courtier and vicereine of Ireland (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_August,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" title="Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augustus_William,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>, English writer (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Theodor_Jablonski" title="Johann Theodor Jablonski">Johann Theodor Jablonski</a>, German lexicographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Olmsted" title="James Olmsted">James Olmsted</a>, Connecticut politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Bach" title="Johann Ludwig Bach">Johann Ludwig Bach</a>, German composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Astell" title="Mary Astell">Mary Astell</a>, English feminist writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bradford" title="Samuel Bradford">Samuel Bradford</a>, English churchman, Whig politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ned_Ward" title="Ned Ward">Ned Ward</a>, English writer, <a href="/wiki/Publican" title="Publican">publican</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Yonge,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet">Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eudoxia_Lopukhina" title="Eudoxia Lopukhina">Eudoxia Lopukhina</a>, Russian Tsarina, divorced spouse of <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> of Russia (b. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Lockhart_(politician)" title="George Lockhart (politician)">George Lockhart</a>, Scottish writer, spy and politician, killed in duel (b. <a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chhatrasal" title="Chhatrasal">Chhatrasal</a>, Maharaja of Madhya Pradesh (b. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Houdar_de_la_Motte" title="Antoine Houdar de la Motte">Antoine Houdar de la Motte</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brook_Taylor" title="Brook Taylor">Brook Taylor</a>, English mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjords.com/rock-avalanches-skafjell/">"The Skafjell Rock Avalanche in 1731"</a>, Fjords.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coudenberg.brussels/en/history/history-of-the-palace">"History of the palace"</a>. <i>Coudenberg Palace</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coudenberg+Palace&rft.atitle=History+of+the+palace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoudenberg.brussels%2Fen%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-of-the-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1731" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"List of British Merchant Ships, taken or plundered by the Spaniards", <i>The Political State for the Month of April, 1738 of Great Britain</i> (April 30, 1738) p322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/303"><i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/303">303</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8"><bdi>0-304-35730-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Chronology+of+World+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-304-35730-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellschronolo0000will%2Fpage%2F303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1731" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fires-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fires_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fires_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fires_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fires_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fires, Great", in <i>The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance</i>, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p49 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hubert Howe Bancroft, <i>History of Alaska, 1730-1865</i> (A. L. Bancroft & Co., 1886) p45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Orcutt Frost, <i>Bering: The Russian Discovery of America</i> (Yale University Press, 2003) p67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDurant_Will_and_Ariel1965" class="citation book cs1">Durant Will and Ariel (1965). <i>The Story of Civilization, Volume <b>IX</b>: The Age of Voltaire</i>. Simon & Schuster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Civilization%2C+Volume+IX%3A+The+Age+of+Voltaire&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1965&rft.au=Durant+Will+and+Ariel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1731" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSelley2016" class="citation journal cs1">Selley, Peter (2016). "William Cookesley, William Hunter and the first patient to survive removal of the appendix in 1731". <i>Journal of Medical Biography</i>. <b>24</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">180–</span>3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0967772015591717">10.1177/0967772015591717</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26758584">26758584</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1708483">1708483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Biography&rft.atitle=William+Cookesley%2C+William+Hunter+and+the+first+patient+to+survive+removal+of+the+appendix+in+1731&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E180-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1708483%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26758584&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0967772015591717&rft.aulast=Selley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1731" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beowulftranslations.net/fire.shtml">"The Beowulf manuscript was damaged in a fire in Ashburnham House on October 23, 1731"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723204834/http://www.beowulftranslations.net/fire.shtml">Archived</a> 2011-07-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Cites <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gentleman%27s_Magazine" title="The Gentleman's Magazine">The Gentleman's Magazine</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120302045409/http://scienceweek.com/2004/rmps-4.htm">"The 18th Century Women Scientists of Bologna"</a>. <i>ScienceWeek</i>. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceweek.com/2004/rmps-4.htm">the original</a> on March 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScienceWeek&rft.atitle=The+18th+Century+Women+Scientists+of+Bologna&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceweek.com%2F2004%2Frmps-4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1731" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1731&oldid=1272361965">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1731&oldid=1272361965</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1731" title="Category:1731">1731</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 January 2025, at 07:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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