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1645 - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Probable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Probable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Probable</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Probable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 154 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1645 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1645 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1645 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1645 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B4%DB%B5_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۴۵ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۶۴۵ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AB" title="১৬৪৫ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৬৪৫" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_n%C3%AE" title="1645 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1645 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645." title="1645. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1645." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B4%DB%B5_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۴۵ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۶۴۵ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645%E5%B9%B4" title="1645年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1645年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645%EB%85%84" title="1645년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1645년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB" title="१६४५ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१६४५" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645." title="1645. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1645." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AB" title="মারি ১৬৪৫ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৬৪৫" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1645-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1645-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AC%E0%B3%AA%E0%B3%AB" title="೧೬೪೫ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೬೪೫" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1645 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1645 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1645 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1645 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1645 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1645 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_%D0%B8" title="1645 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1645 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645._gads" title="1645. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1645. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1645 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1645 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_m." title="1645 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1645 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB" title="१६४५ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१६४५" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB" title="इ.स. १६४५ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १६४५" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B4%DB%B5" title="۱۶۴۵ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۶۴۵" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1645 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1645 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%86%E1%81%84%E1%81%85" title="၁၆၄၅ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၆၄၅" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB" title="सन् १६४५ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १६४५" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645%E5%B9%B4" title="1645年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1645年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AC%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%AB" title="୧୬୪୫ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୬୪୫" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB" title="१६४५ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१६४५" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1645" title="Joohr 1645 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1645" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1645 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1645 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB" title="१६४५ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१६४५" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645%D8%B9" title="1645ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1645ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A6%D9%A4%D9%A5" title="١٦٤٥ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٦٤٥" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645." title="1645. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1645." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1645 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1645 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2188" title="พ.ศ. 2188 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2188" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1645" title="Соли 1645 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1645" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645%D8%A1" title="1645ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1645ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4" title="一六四五年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一六四五年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645%E5%B9%B4" title="1645年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1645年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645%E5%B9%B4" title="1645年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1645年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645" title="1645 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1645" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6925#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1620s" title="1620s">1620s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1630s" title="1630s">1630s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1640s" title="1640s">1640s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1650s" title="1650s">1650s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1660s" title="1660s">1660s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1642" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1642">1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1643" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1643">1643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1644" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1644">1644</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1645" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1645">1645</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1646" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1646">1646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1647" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1647">1647</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1648" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1648">1648</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverlochycastle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Inverlochycastle.jpg/300px-Inverlochycastle.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Inverlochycastle.jpg/450px-Inverlochycastle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Inverlochycastle.jpg/600px-Inverlochycastle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inverlochy_(1645)" title="Battle of Inverlochy (1645)">Battle of Inverlochy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1645</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCXLV</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday" title="Common year starting on Sunday">common year starting on Sunday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">common year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1645th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 645th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 45th year of the <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a>, and the 6th year of the <a href="/wiki/1640s" title="1640s">1640s</a> decade. As of the start of 1645, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1645" title="Category:1645">1645 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Arts and science</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1640s_in_architecture" title="1640s in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1645_in_art" title="1645 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1645_in_literature" title="1645 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1645_in_music" title="1645 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1645_in_science" title="1645 in science">Science</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1645" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1645">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_17th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 17th century">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_17th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 17th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1645_births" title="Category:1645 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1645_deaths" title="Category:1645 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1645_establishments" title="Category:1645 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1645_disestablishments" title="Category:1645 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1645_works" title="Category:1645 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1645 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1645<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCXLV</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2398</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1094<br />ԹՎ ՌՂԴ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6395</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1566–1567</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1051–1052</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2595</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>20 <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Cha. 1</a> – 21 <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Cha. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2189</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1007</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7153–7154</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">甲申</a>年 (Wood <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />4342 or 4135<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />乙酉年 (Wood <a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />4343 or 4136</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1361–1362</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2811</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1637–1638</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5405–5406</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1701–1702</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1566–1567</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4745–4746</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11645</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>645–646</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1023–1024</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1054–1055</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Shōhō">Shōhō</a> 2<br />(正保2年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1566–1567</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 10 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3978</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>267 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前267年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>177</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2187–2188</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳木猴年<br />(male Wood-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />1771 or 1390 or 618<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴木鸡年<br />(female Wood-<a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />1772 or 1391 or 619</td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scene_from_recreation_of_Battle_of_Naseby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Scene_from_recreation_of_Battle_of_Naseby.jpg/330px-Scene_from_recreation_of_Battle_of_Naseby.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Scene_from_recreation_of_Battle_of_Naseby.jpg/500px-Scene_from_recreation_of_Battle_of_Naseby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Scene_from_recreation_of_Battle_of_Naseby.jpg/600px-Scene_from_recreation_of_Battle_of_Naseby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naseby" title="Battle of Naseby">Battle of Naseby</a> (as shown in a re-enactment) is fought as the Parliamentarian Roundheads defeat the Royalist Cavaliers</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> adopts the <i><a href="/wiki/Directory_for_Public_Worship" title="Directory for Public Worship">Directory for Public Worship</a></i> in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a> (<a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not to be observed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a> is executed for <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> on <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill" title="Tower Hill">Tower Hill</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax" title="Thomas Fairfax">Thomas Fairfax</a> is appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Parliamentarians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Uxbridge" title="Treaty of Uxbridge">Armistice talks</a> open at <a href="/wiki/Uxbridge" title="Uxbridge">Uxbridge</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inverlochy_(1645)" title="Battle of Inverlochy (1645)">Battle of Inverlochy</a>: The Scottish <a href="/wiki/Covenanter" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenanter">Covenanters</a> are defeated by <a href="/wiki/James_Graham,_1st_Marquess_of_Montrose" title="James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose">Montrose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a> is officially founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: The Uxbridge armistice talks fail.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert</a> leaves <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> for <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jankau" title="Battle of Jankau">Battle of Jankau</a>: The armies of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> decisively defeat the forces of the Holy Roman Empire, in one of the bloodiest battles of the war, in southern Bohemia, some 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Prague.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – Fearing the spread of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> (plague), <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> Town Council prohibits all gatherings except weddings and funerals.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> passes the <i><a href="/wiki/Self-denying_Ordinance" title="Self-denying Ordinance">Self-denying Ordinance</a></i>, requiring members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> to resign <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">commissions</a> in the armed services.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – Because of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">plague</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> town council orders that the college graduation ceremony should be moved forward, so that students can leave the city (on <a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a>, teaching resumes in <a href="/wiki/Linlithgow" title="Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> (<a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Day">St George's Day</a>) – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: One hundred and fifty Irish soldiers bound for service with King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> are captured at sea by <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentarians</a> and killed at <a href="/wiki/Pembroke,_Pembrokeshire" title="Pembroke, Pembrokeshire">Pembroke</a> in Wales.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Herbsthausen" title="Battle of Herbsthausen">Battle of Herbsthausen</a> (or Mergentheim): The Bavarian army, led by <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Mercy" title="Franz von Mercy">Franz von Mercy</a>, catches French forces led by Marshal <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_la_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Vicomte_de_Turenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne">Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne</a> unawares, and heavily defeats them.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Auldearn" title="Battle of Auldearn">Battle of Auldearn</a>: Scottish <a href="/wiki/Covenanter" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenanter">Covenanters</a> are defeated by Montrose.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: Prince Rupert's army sacks <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> is confirmed as the Lieutenant-General of the Cavalry.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naseby" title="Battle of Naseby">Battle of Naseby</a>: 12,000 <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> forces are beaten by 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Parliamentarian</a> soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-history_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: The Royalists lose <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> – Battle of Alford – <a href="/wiki/Alford,_Aberdeenshire" title="Alford, Aberdeenshire">Alford, Aberdeenshire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Langport" title="Battle of Langport">Battle of Langport</a>: Cromwell wins in <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a> regent <a href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Dorgon</a> issues an <a href="/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)#Queue_order" title="Queue (hairstyle)">edict</a> ordering all <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> men to shave their forehead, and braid the rest of their hair into a queue, identical to those of the <a href="/wiki/Manchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchus">Manchus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Mikhailovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Mikhailovich">Alexei Mikhailovich</a> of Russia comes to the throne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Covenanters" title="Covenanters">Scottish Covenanters</a> under <a href="/wiki/Lord_Leven" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Leven">Lord Leven</a> begin the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hereford" title="Siege of Hereford">Siege of Hereford</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> stronghold.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> (August 13 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">Old Style</a>) – The <a href="/wiki/Second_Treaty_of_Br%C3%B6msebro_(1645)" title="Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)">Treaty of Brömsebro</a> is signed between Sweden and <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a>, ending the <a href="/wiki/Torstenson_War" title="Torstenson War">Torstenson War</a> and ceding <a href="/wiki/Jemtland" class="mw-redirect" title="Jemtland">Jemtland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herjedalen" class="mw-redirect" title="Herjedalen">Herjedalen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a> and Ösel (<a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>) to Sweden, which also holds the province of <a href="/wiki/Halland" title="Halland">Halland</a> for a period of 30 years, as a guarantee.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: Scottish Covenanters abandon the Siege of Hereford and retreat northwards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: Prince Rupert surrenders Bristol.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philiphaugh" title="Battle of Philiphaugh">Battle of Philiphaugh</a>: The Covenanters defeat Montrose at <a href="/wiki/Selkirk,_Scottish_Borders" title="Selkirk, Scottish Borders">Selkirk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rowton_Heath" title="Battle of Rowton Heath">Battle of Rowton Heath</a>: Parliamentarians defeat the Royalist cavalry.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a>–<a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">14</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Third_siege_of_Basing_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Third siege of Basing House">Third siege of Basing House</a> by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> results in its destruction.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Mance" title="Jeanne Mance">Jeanne Mance</a> founds the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal">Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal</a>, the first hospital in North America.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: Re-fortification of <a href="/wiki/Bourne_Castle" title="Bourne Castle">Bourne Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> against a threatened Royalist attack begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – The <i>Colegio de Santo Tomas</i> is elevated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a> into the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a>, in his brief <i>In Supreminenti</i>. It has the oldest extant University Charter in the Philippines, as well as the whole of Asia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: The Royalist stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a> is seized in a swift attack by Parliamentary forces under <a href="/wiki/John_Birch_(Roundhead)" title="John Birch (Roundhead)">John Birch</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambara_people" title="Bambara people">Bamana</a> forces from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gou" title="Ségou">Ségou</a> invade the <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> heartland, destroying the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a> after its 400 years as a unified state.</li> <li>The Stolberg-Wernigerode branch of the family of the counts of Stolberg and <a href="/wiki/Wernigerode" title="Wernigerode">Wernigerode</a> is founded in Germany.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Solar_cycle" title="Solar cycle">Solar cycle</a> enters the 70-year <a href="/wiki/Maunder_Minimum" title="Maunder Minimum">Maunder Minimum</a>, during which <a href="/wiki/Sunspot" title="Sunspot">sunspots</a> will be rare.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper">Wallpaper</a> begins to replace <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestries</a>, as a wall decoration.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Roxbury_Latin_School" title="Roxbury Latin School">Roxbury Latin School</a> is founded.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Wening.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Michael_Wening.jpg/120px-Michael_Wening.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Michael_Wening.jpg/250px-Michael_Wening.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wening" title="Michael Wening">Michael Wening</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Don_Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora.jpg/110px-Don_Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Don_Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora.jpg/165px-Don_Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Don_Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora.jpg/220px-Don_Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora">Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chikkadevaraja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Chikkadevaraja.jpg/120px-Chikkadevaraja.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Chikkadevaraja.jpg/250px-Chikkadevaraja.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chikka_Devaraja" title="Chikka Devaraja">Chikka Devaraja</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomas_Pereira.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tomas_Pereira.JPG/110px-Tomas_Pereira.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tomas_Pereira.JPG/165px-Tomas_Pereira.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tomas_Pereira.JPG/220px-Tomas_Pereira.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pereira" title="Thomas Pereira">Thomas Pereira</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_L%C3%A9mery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nicolas_L%C3%A9mery.jpg/110px-Nicolas_L%C3%A9mery.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nicolas_L%C3%A9mery.jpg/165px-Nicolas_L%C3%A9mery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Nicolas_L%C3%A9mery.jpg/220px-Nicolas_L%C3%A9mery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="1503" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Lemery" title="Nicolas Lemery">Nicolas Lemery</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93March_2"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Villiers,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Villiers, 3rd Baronet">Sir William Villiers, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Addington" title="Isaac Addington">Isaac Addington</a>, longtime functionary of various colonial governments of Massachusetts (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Vopelius" title="Gottfried Vopelius">Gottfried Vopelius</a>, German academic (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Aegidius_Bach" title="Johann Aegidius Bach">Johann Aegidius Bach</a>, German organist, father of Johann Bernhard Bach (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_(bishop)" title="John Sharp (bishop)">John Sharp</a>, English Archbishop of York (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vere_Fane,_4th_Earl_of_Westmorland" title="Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland">Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland</a>, England (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ambrosius_Bach" title="Johann Ambrosius Bach">Johann Ambrosius Bach</a>, German musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Bach_(musician_at_Arnstadt)" title="Johann Christoph Bach (musician at Arnstadt)">Johann Christoph Bach</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi" title="Francis I Rákóczi">Francis I Rákóczi</a>, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Du_Cane,_the_elder" title="Peter Du Cane, the elder">Peter Du Cane, the elder</a>, British noble Huguenot refugee (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brownlow" title="Arthur Brownlow">Arthur Brownlow</a>, Anglo-Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marco_Battaglini" title="Marco Battaglini">Marco Battaglini</a>, Italian Catholic bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_2"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_2"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vachon_de_Belmont" title="François Vachon de Belmont">François Vachon de Belmont</a>, French Catholic bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_del_Valle_y_Caviedes" title="Juan del Valle y Caviedes">Juan del Valle y Caviedes</a>, Spanish-born Peruvian poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Olmsted" title="James Olmsted">James Olmsted</a>, Connecticut politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christine_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Christine of Baden-Durlach">Christine of Baden-Durlach</a>, German noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Maule_(Quaker)" title="Thomas Maule (Quaker)">Thomas Maule</a>, prominent Quaker in colonial Salem (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Alvey" title="Thomas Alvey">Thomas Alvey</a>, English physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Calli%C3%A8res" title="François de Callières">François de Callières</a>, French writer and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Jeffreys,_1st_Baron_Jeffreys" title="George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys">George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys</a>, British judge (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Cantelmo" title="Giacomo Cantelmo">Giacomo Cantelmo</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Haquin_Spegel" title="Haquin Spegel">Haquin Spegel</a>, Swedish bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Godolphin,_1st_Earl_of_Godolphin" title="Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin">Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_2"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wening" title="Michael Wening">Michael Wening</a>, German engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Johan_van_Baer" title="Frederik Johan van Baer">Frederik Johan van Baer</a>, Dutch army commander (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise d'Orléans">Marguerite Louise d'Orléans</a>, French princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li>August – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Simonneau" title="Charles Louis Simonneau">Charles Louis Simonneau</a>, French engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_K%C3%BChnel" title="August Kühnel">August Kühnel</a>, German composer and violist (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Schomberg,_2nd_Duke_of_Schomberg" title="Charles Schomberg, 2nd Duke of Schomberg">Charles Schomberg, 2nd Duke of Schomberg</a>, English general (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Herrick" title="Joseph Herrick">Joseph Herrick</a>, principal law enforcement officer in Salem, Massachusetts (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Kino" title="Eusebio Kino">Eusebio Kino</a>, Italian Catholic missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora">Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora</a>, Mexican academic (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_La_Bruy%C3%A8re" title="Jean de La Bruyère">Jean de La Bruyère</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Wassenaer_Obdam_(younger)" title="Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam (younger)">Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam</a>, Dutch general (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Avanzi" title="Giuseppe Avanzi">Giuseppe Avanzi</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Jakob_Buxtorf" title="Johannes Jakob Buxtorf">Johannes Jakob Buxtorf</a>, Swiss Hebraist (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_North_(Trinity)" title="John North (Trinity)">John North</a>, 5th of fourteen children of Sir Dudley North (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Romeyn_de_Hooghe" title="Romeyn de Hooghe">Romeyn de Hooghe</a>, Dutch Golden Age painter, engraver, and sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jolliet" title="Louis Jolliet">Louis Jolliet</a>, French Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chikka_Devaraja" title="Chikka Devaraja">Chikka Devaraja</a>, Ruler of Mysore (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nait%C5%8D_Kiyokazu" class="mw-redirect" title="Naitō Kiyokazu">Naitō Kiyokazu</a>, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Takatō Domain (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Hales,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Edward Hales, 3rd Baronet">Sir Edward Hales, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_2"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Alford_(died_1691)" title="John Alford (died 1691)">John Alford</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Desjean,_Baron_de_Pointis" title="Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis">Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis</a>, French admiral and privateer (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Gronovius" title="Jakob Gronovius">Jakob Gronovius</a>, Dutch classical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christine_Charlotte_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Christine Charlotte of Württemberg">Christine Charlotte of Württemberg</a>, Regent of East Frisia (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aert_de_Gelder" title="Aert de Gelder">Aert de Gelder</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_II,_Wild-_and_Rhinegrave_of_Salm-Dhaun" title="John Philip II, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun">John Philip II, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun</a>, German noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pereira" title="Thomas Pereira">Thomas Pereira</a>, Portuguese Jesuit mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_von_Guttenberg" title="Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg">Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg</a>, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (d. <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Govert_van_der_Leeuw" title="Govert van der Leeuw">Govert van der Leeuw</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wolfgang_Wedel" title="Georg Wolfgang Wedel">Georg Wolfgang Wedel</a>, German physician, surgeon, botanist, chemist, philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Lemery" title="Nicolas Lemery">Nicolas Lemery</a>, French chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Werckmeister" title="Andreas Werckmeister">Andreas Werckmeister</a>, German organist, music theorist, and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Stefan_Radziejowski" title="Michał Stefan Radziejowski">Michał Stefan Radziejowski</a>, Polish Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_de_Dominici" title="Maria de Dominici">Maria de Dominici</a>, Maltese artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_de_Wilde" title="Jacob de Wilde">Jacob de Wilde</a>, Dutch civil servant, art collector (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Carl_von_Carlowitz" title="Hans Carl von Carlowitz">Hans Carl von Carlowitz</a>, German forester (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Viscardi" title="Giovanni Antonio Viscardi">Giovanni Antonio Viscardi</a>, Swiss architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Fumiani" title="Giovanni Antonio Fumiani">Giovanni Antonio Fumiani</a>, Venetian painter of the Baroque period (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Probable">Probable</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Probable"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Kidd" title="William Kidd">William Kidd</a>, Scottish pirate (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Ward.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mary_Ward.jpg/110px-Mary_Ward.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mary_Ward.jpg/165px-Mary_Ward.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mary_Ward.jpg/220px-Mary_Ward.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Venerable <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ward_(nun)" title="Mary Ward (nun)">Mary Ward</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs.jpg/110px-Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs.jpg/165px-Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs.jpg/220px-Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1286" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs_de_Paredes" title="Mariana de Jesús de Paredes">Mariana de Jesús de Paredes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Musashi_ts_pic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Musashi_ts_pic.jpg/110px-Musashi_ts_pic.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Musashi_ts_pic.jpg/165px-Musashi_ts_pic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Musashi_ts_pic.jpg/220px-Musashi_ts_pic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="1179" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael-I-Romanov-Wedekind_-_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Michael-I-Romanov-Wedekind_-_detail.jpg/110px-Michael-I-Romanov-Wedekind_-_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Michael-I-Romanov-Wedekind_-_detail.jpg/165px-Michael-I-Romanov-Wedekind_-_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Michael-I-Romanov-Wedekind_-_detail.jpg/220px-Michael-I-Romanov-Wedekind_-_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Tsar <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael I of Russia">Michael I of Russia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Hugo_Grotius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Hugo_Grotius.jpg/120px-Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Hugo_Grotius.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Hugo_Grotius.jpg/250px-Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Hugo_Grotius.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Juan_Macias_official_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/San_Juan_Macias_official_side.jpg/110px-San_Juan_Macias_official_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/San_Juan_Macias_official_side.jpg/165px-San_Juan_Macias_official_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/San_Juan_Macias_official_side.jpg/220px-San_Juan_Macias_official_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/John_Macias" title="John Macias">John Macias</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PhilippTheodorWaldeck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/PhilippTheodorWaldeck.jpg/110px-PhilippTheodorWaldeck.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/PhilippTheodorWaldeck.jpg/165px-PhilippTheodorWaldeck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/PhilippTheodorWaldeck.jpg/220px-PhilippTheodorWaldeck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1653" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philip_Dietrich,_Count_of_Waldeck" title="Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck">Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Limburg-Styrum" title="Agnes of Limburg-Styrum">Agnes of Limburg-Styrum</a>, Abbess of Elten, Vreden, Borghorst and Freckenhorst (b. <a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gage_(soldier)" title="Henry Gage (soldier)">Henry Gage</a>, Royalist officer in the English Civil War (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Esterh%C3%A1zy_(1587%E2%80%931645)" title="Pál Esterházy (1587–1645)">Pál Esterházy</a>, Hungarian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Branca" title="Giovanni Branca">Giovanni Branca</a>, Italian architect and engineer (b. <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ward_(nun)" title="Mary Ward (nun)">Mary Ward</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> Religious Sister and Venerable (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Ulrik_Gyldenl%C3%B8ve" title="Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve">Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve</a>, illegitimate son of King Christian IV of Denmark and his mistress (b. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mutio_Vitelleschi" title="Mutio Vitelleschi">Mutio Vitelleschi</a>, Italian Jesuit Superior General (b. <a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Sophia,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg" title="Dorothea Sophia, Abbess of Quedlinburg">Dorothea Sophia, Abbess of Quedlinburg</a> Abbey (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rochefoucauld_(cardinal)" title="François de La Rochefoucauld (cardinal)">François de La Rochefoucauld</a>, French Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(1585%E2%80%931645)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1645)">Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba</a>, Spanish general (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_VII,_Count_of_Waldeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip VII, Count of Waldeck">Philip VII, Count of Waldeck</a>-Wildungen (1638–1645) (b. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Hoe_von_Hoenegg" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Hoe von Hoenegg">Matthias Hoe von Hoenegg</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Aston,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Aston, 1st Baronet">Sir Thomas Aston, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Burton_(antiquary,_died_1645)" title="William Burton (antiquary, died 1645)">William Burton</a>, British antiquarian (b. <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Hume" title="Tobias Hume">Tobias Hume</a>, English composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Featley" title="Daniel Featley">Daniel Featley</a>, English theologian and controversialist (b. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_of_Liechtenstein" title="Maximilian of Liechtenstein">Maximilian of Liechtenstein</a>, Austrian nobleman and Imperial General (b. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shi_Kefa" title="Shi Kefa">Shi Kefa</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a> official (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_Sohyeon" title="Crown Prince Sohyeon">Crown Prince Sohyeon</a>, Korean crown prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs_de_Paredes" title="Mariana de Jesús de Paredes">Mariana de Jesús de Paredes</a>, Ecuadorian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> hermit and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Christian_Agricola" title="Adam Christian Agricola">Adam Christian Agricola</a>, German Evangelical preacher (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a>, Japanese swordsman (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_of_Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim" title="Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim">Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim</a>, officer and amateur poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Gournay" title="Marie de Gournay">Marie de Gournay</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1565" title="1565">1565</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset" title="Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset">Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset</a>, Scottish politician (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_Count-Duke_of_Olivares" title="Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares">Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares</a>, Spanish statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – Tsar <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael I of Russia">Michael I of Russia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesex" title="Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex">Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex</a>, English merchant (b. <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eudoxia_Streshneva" title="Eudoxia Streshneva">Eudoxia Streshneva</a>, Tsaritsa of Russia (b. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a>, Dutch philosopher and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Bracciolini" title="Francesco Bracciolini">Francesco Bracciolini</a>, Italian poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1566" title="1566">1566</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Quevedo" title="Francisco de Quevedo">Francisco de Quevedo</a>, Spanish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus,_Count_Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Nikolaus, Count Esterházy">Nikolaus, Count Esterházy</a>, Hungarian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Grosvenor,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Macias" title="John Macias">John Macias</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> friar and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cennini_de%27_Salamandri" title="Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri">Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1566" title="1566">1566</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Helyar" title="William Helyar">William Helyar</a>, English chaplain (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Dietrich,_Count_of_Waldeck" title="Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck">Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck</a>-Eisenberg (1640–1645) (b. <a href="/wiki/1614" title="1614">1614</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bernardino_Azzolini" title="Giovanni Bernardino Azzolini">Giovanni Bernardino Azzolini</a> or Mazzolini or Asoleni, Italian painter (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a>, empress consort of the Mughal Empire (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Borja_y_Velasco" title="Gaspar de Borja y Velasco">Gaspar de Borja y Velasco</a>, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise-Marie_Jacquelin" title="Françoise-Marie Jacquelin">Françoise-Marie Jacquelin</a>, Acadian heroine (b. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lithgow_(traveller_and_author)" title="William Lithgow (traveller and author)">William Lithgow</a>, Scottish traveller (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Agung">Sultan Agung</a>, third Sultan of Mataram (b. 1593)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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