Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar - WITNESS Blog</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://blog.witness.org/xmlrpc.php"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <meta name="description" content="WITNESS ASIA interviews lawyer and activist Razia Sultana who works closely with Rohingya women and girls who are survivors of SGBV." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar - WITNESS Blog" /> <meta property="og:description" content="WITNESS ASIA interviews lawyer and activist Razia Sultana who works closely with Rohingya women and girls who are survivors of SGBV." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="WITNESS Blog" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-03-08T02:58:10+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-03-31T06:39:50+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/VAE_SGBV_IWD_AsiaBlog.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2160" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1080" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="author" content="WITNESS" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="WITNESS" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="9 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/","url":"https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/","name":"Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar - WITNESS Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://blog.witness.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/VAE_SGBV_IWD_AsiaBlog.png?fit=2160%2C1080&ssl=1","datePublished":"2022-03-08T02:58:10+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-31T06:39:50+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://blog.witness.org/#/schema/person/4d6f8587ecffd2263ec85fdf9e162cb8"},"description":"WITNESS ASIA interviews lawyer and activist Razia Sultana who works closely with Rohingya women and girls who are survivors of SGBV.","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/#primaryimage","url":"https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/VAE_SGBV_IWD_AsiaBlog.png?fit=2160%2C1080&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/VAE_SGBV_IWD_AsiaBlog.png?fit=2160%2C1080&ssl=1","width":2160,"height":1080},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://blog.witness.org/#website","url":"https://blog.witness.org/","name":"WITNESS Blog","description":"See It. Film It. Change It","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://blog.witness.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://blog.witness.org/#/schema/person/4d6f8587ecffd2263ec85fdf9e162cb8","name":"WITNESS","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://blog.witness.org/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a0ce0899cdc498bc77cabf673a4c0021?s=96&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a0ce0899cdc498bc77cabf673a4c0021?s=96&r=g","caption":"WITNESS"},"url":"https://blog.witness.org/author/admin/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="WITNESS Blog » Feed" href="https://blog.witness.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="WITNESS Blog » Comments Feed" href="https://blog.witness.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="WITNESS Blog » Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar Comments Feed" href="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/blog.witness.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='_amymag_-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Gentium+Book+Basic%3A400%2C400italic%2C700%2C700italic%7CDomine%3A400%2C700%7CPT+Serif%3A400%2C400italic%2C700%2C700italic%7C&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sharecontent-style-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/theme-features/post-sharecontent/css/tooltipster.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-reset-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-reset.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-typography-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-typography.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-elements-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-elements.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-forms-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-forms.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-aligments-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-aligments.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-links-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-links.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-clearings-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-clearings.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-header-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-header.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-menus-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-menus.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-cards-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-cards.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-articles-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-articles.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-comments-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-comments.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-pushmenu-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-pushmenu.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-author-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-author.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-style-loops-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/style-loops.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-flexboxgrid-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/flexboxgrid.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-icons-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/icons.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-animate-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/animate.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='literatum-nprogress-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/css/nprogress.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sharedaddy-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/sharedaddy/sharing.css?ver=14.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='social-logos-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/social-logos/social-logos.min.css?ver=14.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.witness.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.witness.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blog.witness.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://blog.witness.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/29552" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blog.witness.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/p4j1y7-7GE' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://blog.witness.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.witness.org%2F2022%2F03%2Fdocumenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://blog.witness.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.witness.org%2F2022%2F03%2Fdocumenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict%2F&format=xml" />  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5ZJENCJMNC"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5ZJENCJMNC'); </script> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style>  <style id='arabic-webfonts' type='text/css'> </style> <style> .mp-menu { background-color:#27262b; width:300px; } .mp-menu, .mp-menu .widget input, .mp-menu h3, .mp-menu span, .mp-menu div, .mp-menu .widget, .mp-menu ul li { font-size:14px; color:#999999; } .mp-menu a { color:#eaeaea; } .mp-menu a:hover { color:#ffffff; } .mp-menu .widget .widget-title { font-size:17px; color:#999999; } article .entry-content a, .entry-footer a { color:#fe2b70; } article .entry-content a:hover, .entry-footer a:hover { color:#d02b70; } article .entry-content { color:#5f5858; } article .entry-content p, .article-default-width { max-width:680px; } .article-card.category-head .inner a.title { } .article-card.category-head .inner .description { } .loop_default-posts-list li .title { color:#3e3e3e; } .loop_default-posts-list li .excerpt { color:#807070; color:#67747c; } .loop_3columns-posts-list li .title { color:#3e3e3e; } .loop_3columns-posts-list li .excerpt { color:#807070; color:#67747c; } .article-card.squarebig > .inner .inner .title, #card-nextpost.article-card > .inner .inner .title { } .article-card.squarebig > .inner .inner .post-subtitle { font-size:22pt; } .article-card > .inner .inner .meta { font-size:13pt; } .article-card.square > .inner .inner .title { } div.logo .logo-legend { } ul.main-menu li a { font-size:18px; } </style> <style> .scroller.cbp-spmenu-push-toright { /*left: 300px;*/ -webkit-transform: translate3d(-300px,0,0); -moz-transform: translate3d(-300px,0,0); transform: translate3d(-300px,0,0); } </style> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@witnessorg"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@witnessorg"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This blog post is part 1 of 2 posts. This blogpost is also available in Burmese. Content warning/trigger warning: sexual violence. Introduction Rohingya lawyer, activist, and educator Razia ..."> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="https://blog.witness.org"> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/VAE_SGBV_IWD_AsiaBlog.png?fit=960%2C480&ssl=1"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/VAE_SGBV_IWD_AsiaBlog.png?fit=960%2C480&ssl=1"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar"/> <meta property="og:description" content="This blog post is part 1 of 2 posts. This blogpost is also available in Burmese. Content warning/trigger warning: sexual violence. Introduction Rohingya lawyer, activist, and educator Razia ..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="WITNESS Blog"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://facebook.com/https://www.facebook.com/WITNESS" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WITNESS" /> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create','UA-616064-2','auto'); ga('require','displayfeatures'); ga('send','pageview'); </script> <style > div.logo #site-logo { max-width:350px; margin-top: 40px; } article .entry-content { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .alignright { margin-left: 1em; } .alignleft { margin-right: 1em !important; } /* pullquote aligned right */ .pullquote { float:right; width:260px; border-top:1px solid #FF9900; border-bottom:1px solid #FF9900; padding:4px 5px; margin:0 2px 5px 10px !important; font: italic 1.1em/1.3em "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .pullquote h3 { font-size:1.125em; font-variant:small-caps; } .pullquote p {padding:0 0 4px;} /* pullquote aligned left */ .pullquoteLeft { float:left; width:260px; border-top:1px solid #FF9900; border-bottom:1px solid #FF9900; padding:5px 4px; margin:0 10px 5px 2px !important; font: italic 1.1em/1.3em "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .pullquoteLeft h3 { font-size:1.125em; font-variant:small-caps; } .pullquoteLeft p {padding:0 0 4px;} </style> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/WITNESS_2019_SM_ICON_500px.png"> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .head-column-1 { flex-basis: 40%; } .head-column-2 { flex-basis: 50%; } ul.main-menu li.menu-item-26240 a { color: #33b1e3; } article .entry-content a, .entry-footer a { color: #33b1e3; } </style> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-29552 single-format-standard">   <div id="page" class="hfeed site">  <div class="container">  <div class="mp-pusher " id="mp-pusher">  <nav id="mp-menu" class="mp-menu"> <div class="mp-level"> <div class="quit-menu-button-container"> <span onclick="pushmenu_close()" class="quit-menu-button"><i></i> Close</span> </div> <div id="sidebar-content"> <div id="search-10" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://blog.witness.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form></div><div id="text-4" class="widget widget_text"><h2 class="widget-title rounded">Connect With Us</h2> <div class="textwidget"><ul> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WITNESS" target="_blank">WITNESS on Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/witnessorg" target="_blank">WITNESS on Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/Witness" target="_blank">WITNESS on YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/Witnesstoolkit" target="_blank">Training Videos on YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/humanrights/" target="_blank">WITNESS on Flickr</a></li> </ul></div> </div><div id="search-4" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://blog.witness.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form></div><div id="linkcat-2" class="widget widget_links"><h2 class="widget-title rounded">Blogroll</h2> <ul class='xoxo blogroll'> <li><a href="https://technology.witness.org/">Technology Advocacy</a></li> <li><a href="https://lab.witness.org/">WITNESS Media Lab</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="search-8" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://blog.witness.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form></div><div id="search-7" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://blog.witness.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form></div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-info default-content-width"> <div class="int"> <div class="footer-firm"> <h3> </h3> <p><a href="http://witness.org/get-involved#contact" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact</a> | <a href="http://witness.org/about/press-kit" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Press Kit</a></p> <p><a href="http://witness.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WITNESS</a><br />80 Hanson Place, 5th Floor<br />Brooklyn, NY 11217<br />Voice: 718.783.2000<br />Fax: 718.783.1593</p> <p><a href="http://witness.org/privacy-policy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Privacy Policy</a></p> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </nav> <div class="scroller "> <div class="scroller-inner ">  <div id="top-controls"> <span class="top-button" onclick="scrollto('#page', 750, -30)"> <i></i> </span> <span class="top-button" onclick="pushmenu()"> <i></i> </div> </div> <div class="push-cover"></div> <header id="masthead" class="site-header " role="banner"> <div class="row start-hand default-content-width"> <div class="column-7-hand head-column-1"> <div class="logo"> <a id="site-logo" href="https://blog.witness.org" class="box"> <img alt="WITNESS Blog" style="width:100%;height:auto;" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/WITNESS_2019_LOGO_TWO_1000px.png?fit=300%2C104&ssl=1"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="column-auto-hand primary-menu-container head-column-2" style="text-align:right"> <div class="menu-top-nav-container"><ul id="menu-top-nav" class="main-menu"><li id="menu-item-26240" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26240"><a href="https://www.classy.org/give/56889/#!/donation/checkout">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23794" class="ajaxlink menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-23794"><a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/tools/">Tools</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23795" class="ajaxlink menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23795"><a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/tactics/">Tactics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23796" class="ajaxlink menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-23796"><a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/how-to-toolkits/">How-To</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23797" class="ajaxlink menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23797"><a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/ideas/">Ideas</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="column-auto-hand menu-pusher-container head-column-3" style="min-width:80px;text-align:right;"> <div onclick="pushmenu()" class="box menu-pusher"><span class="hide-on-mobileX">Menu</span> <i></i></div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div style="min-height:100%"><div id="card-29552" class="article-card squarebig under-header "> <div class="inner"> <div class="image-background thumb" style="z-index:0;background-image:url('https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/VAE_SGBV_IWD_AsiaBlog.png?fit=200%2C100&ssl=1');"> </div> <div class="image-background image-final image-in-single-page hidden" style="z-index:0;background-image:url('https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/VAE_SGBV_IWD_AsiaBlog.png?fit=2160%2C1080&ssl=1');"> </div> <div class="readbottom animated bounce"> <i onclick="scrollto('.entry-content', 750, -30)"></i> </div> <div style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.4);" class="image-cover"> <div class="photo-credit"> <p>Image credit: Razia Sultana</p> </div> <div class="frame-inner"> <div class="inner"> <div class="on-top-title"> <div class="sharediv"> <script> var lefts = (screen.width/2)-(450/2); var tops = (screen.height/2)-(350/2); </script> <span class="share-item" onclick="window.open('https://twitter.com/share?url=https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/&text=Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar&via=witnessorg&related=witnessorg&hashtags=','','toolbar=no, location=no, directories=no, status=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=no, resizable=no, copyhistory=no, width=450,height=350, top='+ tops +', left='+ lefts)"> <i></i> <span class="hide-on-mobile">Tweet this</span> </span> <span class="share-item" onclick="window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/','','toolbar=no, location=no, directories=no, status=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=no, resizable=no, copyhistory=no, width=450,height=350, top='+ tops +', left='+ lefts)"> <i></i> <span class="hide-on-mobile">Share</span> </span> <span class="share-item" onclick="window.open('https://getpocket.com/edit?url=https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/&title=Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar','','toolbar=no, location=no, directories=no, status=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=no, resizable=no, copyhistory=no, width=450,height=350, top='+ tops +', left='+ lefts)"> <i></i> <span class="hide-on-mobile">Read later </span> </span> </div> <div class="the-categories-div hide-on-mobile"> <span><i></i> Posted on</span> <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/eyewitness/" rel="category tag">eyewitness</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/campaigns/gender-based-violence/" rel="category tag">Gender-Based-Violence</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/how-to-toolkits/" rel="category tag">How-To</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/legalethical/" rel="category tag">Legal/Ethical</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/safety-security/" rel="category tag">Safety & Security</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/campaigns/gender-based-violence/sexual-violence/" rel="category tag">Sexual Violence</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/tools/" rel="category tag">Tools</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/" rel="category tag">Video for Change</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/campaigns/gender-based-violence/womens-day/" rel="category tag">Women's Day</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/campaigns/gender-based-violence/womens-rights/" rel="category tag">Women's Rights</a> </div> </div> <h1><a onclick="scrollto('.entry-content', 750, -30)" title="Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar" class="title ajaxlink">Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar</a></h1> <span class="meta"> <span class="author"> By <a class="ajaxlink" href="https://blog.witness.org/author/admin/">WITNESS</a> </span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> var img = jQuery("<img />").attr('src', 'https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/VAE_SGBV_IWD_AsiaBlog.png?fit=2160%2C1080&ssl=1') .load(function() { if (!this.complete || typeof this.naturalWidth == "undefined" || this.naturalWidth == 0) { } else { jQuery('#card-29552 .image-background').animate({opacity: 1}, 540, function() {jQuery('.image-background.thumb').fadeOut()} ); } }); jQuery(function() { // ios viewport height (vh) fix $card = jQuery('#card-29552.article-card.squarebig'); var is_iphone = /(iPhone|iPod)/g.test( navigator.userAgent ); var is_ipad = /(iPad)/g.test( navigator.userAgent ); if(is_iphone) { $card.css("height", 600); $card.find('.image-background').css("height", 600); $card.find('.image-background').css("background-attachment", 'scroll'); }; if(is_ipad) { $card.css("height", 800); //$card.find('.image-background').css("height", 700); $card.find('.image-background').css("background-attachment", 'scroll'); }; }) </script> </div></div> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-29552" class="post-29552 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-eyewitness category-gender-based-violence category-how-to-toolkits category-legalethical category-safety-security category-sexual-violence category-tools category-video-for-change category-womens-day category-womens-rights tag-iwd2022 tag-womens-day"> <div class="entry-content"> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This blog post is part 1 of 2 posts. This blogpost is also available in <a href="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict-2/">Burmese</a>.</span></em></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Content warning/trigger warning: sexual violence.</span></em></p> <h5><strong>Introduction</strong></h5> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rohingya lawyer, activist, and educator </span><a href="https://twitter.com/AdvRaziaSultana" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Razia Sultana</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a strong advocate for the rights of her people. Since 2014, she has worked with some of the 900,000 Rohingya refugees now in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">She has been working closely with Rohingya women who are survivors of sexual and gender-based violence and documenting the stories of women and girls who fearlessly fled Myanmar to escape genocide. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Razia exposes the widespread and systematic use of sexual violence by the Myanmar junta against the Rohingya in the twin reports, </span><a href="https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/RapebyCommandWeb3.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rape by Command</span></i></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://kaladanpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/killingfieldsweb-01.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Killing Fields of </span></i><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aletankyew</span></i></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> As a volunteer researcher for </span><a href="https://www.kaladanpress.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kaladan Press</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, an independent news service reporting on the crisis in Myanmar and its impact on the Rohingya people, she has bravely documented the stories of those victimized by the surge of violence in Myanmar. </span></p> <blockquote><p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">“I have been told again and again by refugee women that they would rather die than return to Myanmar under the current conditions”.</span></i></p></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Born in Myanmar and raised in Bangladesh, Razia is a member of the </span><a href="https://freerohingyacoalition.org/en/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Free Rohingya Coalition</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, director of the Women’s Section in the </span><a href="https://www.rohingya.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Arakan Rohingya National Organization</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and founder of </span><a href="http://www.rwwsbd.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rights for Women Welfare Society</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, a grassroots organization working in local refugee camps and the first non-profit to be set up by a Rohingya woman in Bangladesh. Razia has spoken before </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmyEe1gcr7E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">UN Security Council’s Open Debate on Sexual Violence in Conflict</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Q: How did you start documenting the stories of gender-based violence and oppression against Rohingya women, and what motivates you to keep going?</b></p> <p><b>A: </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">I have been working directly with Rohingya women and girls in the refugee camps in Bangladesh since 2014. When the Burmese military forced almost a million of my fellow Rohingya into becoming refugees in 2017, I found myself on the frontlines of a genocide committed largely through sexual violence and rape. Immediately, I got to work documenting that genocide: speaking with female survivors and hearing their stories.</span></p> <p><iframe title="Bringing Feminism to the World’s Biggest Refugee Camp" width="960" height="540" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/T6PMsLuqIus?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">I do research on trauma, mass rape, and trafficking of Rohingya women and girls. I also work as a human rights activist on behalf of the Rohingya people. My report, ‘</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rape by Command’</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> detailed the rape of 300 Rohingya women and girls and shows clearly the systematic use of rape by Myanmar military as a weapon against the Rohingya. Another report, ‘</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">The</span></i> <i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Killing Fields of Aletankyew’</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> exposed the intention of the Myanmar military’s “clearance operations” as ethnic cleansing and genocide. It was the documentation work that first provided me experience in advocating for the rights of Rohingya women, and it inspired me to begin my own organization to start addressing some of their needs in the refugee camps.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Our work with women in the refugee camps started in 2017 by making recommendations about gender programming there. In 2018, partnering with </span><a href="https://adienglish.tistory.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Asian Dignity Initiative</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, we started a psycho-social support program to give proper counseling to Rohingya women who were facing trauma, particularly to prevent violence against women in Rohingya society. </span></p> <blockquote><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“As a researcher, I feel that raising awareness always starts from women, and the most affected person is female”. </span></p></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rohingya women don’t want return to Myanmar if the military can still rape and kill with impunity. However, life in the refugee camps is difficult. I have been told again and again by refugee women that they would rather die than return to Myanmar under the current conditions. Even now, Myanmar troops continue to harass and torture Rohingya villagers inside Rakhine State and jail them without charges. Out of over 1,000 Rohingya prisoners in Buthidaung Jail, over 100 are women, suffering inhumane treatment, including rape by police. </span></p> <p><img data-recalc-dims="1" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="29570" data-permalink="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/1a-2/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?fit=1600%2C1200&ssl=1" data-orig-size="1600,1200" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="Razia Sultana" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?fit=960%2C720&ssl=1" class="aligncenter wp-image-29570 size-large" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?resize=960%2C720&ssl=1" alt="" width="960" height="720" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?resize=1024%2C768&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?resize=768%2C576&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?resize=1536%2C1152&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1a-2.jpeg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /></p> <p><b>Q: How is video documentation useful in your work and to the Rohingya women? Has it been possible to use the documentation to support legal advocacy? </b></p> <p><b>A:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> It has been 4 years since the documentation process started, which is in either in text or video format. Most interviews collected are in text and few victims are filmed due to their security concerns. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the beginning, victims were not comfortable with video at all. Now, the situation has changed; victims are giving their testimonies on video. There are a few victims who do not dare to expose their faces as they are well known and it can be very harmful to their lives. </span></p> <blockquote><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“I believe that both written and video testimonies are workable when they follow proper guidelines. Both can be dangerous or effective and it depends on your intentions”. </span></p></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At the end of 2019, some video interviews were recorded by a Spanish filmmaker to shed light on the human rights crimes. I assisted him as a community member and as an activist. It’s not yet available online, but his documentary film, ‘</span><a href="https://twitter.com/MediMedMarket/status/1366341203680190464" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Living Without A Country</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">’, might be able to inform people without any idea about the Rohingya and Myanmar situation. The documentary itself can prove the atrocities and violence against us.</span></p> <p><a href="https://twitter.com/MediMedMarket/status/1366341203680190464"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="29564" data-permalink="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/evy3ge7xaayzgp_/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?fit=2552%2C1828&ssl=1" data-orig-size="2552,1828" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Living Without A Country" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?fit=300%2C215&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?fit=960%2C687&ssl=1" class="aligncenter wp-image-29564 size-large" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?resize=960%2C687&ssl=1" alt="" width="960" height="687" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?resize=1024%2C733&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?resize=300%2C215&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?resize=768%2C550&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?resize=1536%2C1100&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?resize=2048%2C1467&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?resize=200%2C143&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EvY3GE7XAAYzGP_.png?w=1920&ssl=1 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /></a></p> <p><b>Q: What are the steps you take before, during and after an interview to ensure security for yourself and the women you interview?</b></p> <p><b>A:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> I never share the subject focus of my interviews. Most of the accounts of rape only surface when I ask them to share about their life and situation inside Myanmar. Before interviews, I committed to hiding their identities so that they would never be questioned by others about what they shared. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">I have faced negative comments and have also been called a selfish woman. As a woman who is doing work with her community, my every step is life-threatening and also full of embarrassment. </span></p> <p><b>Q: As you are working with many women who have been victims of trauma, what advice would you give with regards to ensuring sensitivity when interviewing them?</b></p> <p><b>A:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Don’t ask them to share specific information which is related to her or his dignity. As a researcher, we have to build up trust and ensure that they have nothing to be afraid of with regards to us. If they are willing to share their story, then let them express themselves. Never ask them if it is true or false.</span></p> <blockquote><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“In my experience, some researchers ask questions as if they are investigating a crime scene, like, “Did they damage your clothes? Did they make any sounds?” and “Are you sure about being raped? Did you hear a sound when the man killed? How long was the knife?”. These types of questions not only re-traumatize victims but also takes away from the strength of what she or he actually wants to share”. </span></p></blockquote> <p><b>Q: What are the biggest difficulties you constantly face when documenting? This can be from external sources or from within the community itself.</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>A: </strong>My personal life was the main barrier to my activities. I was involved in community work from my student days as a volunteer social worker. From 2014 onwards, I frequently visited the Cox Bazar camp with Kaladan Press, just as a member of the community helping to interpret. I’ve done advocacy at the international level for Rohingya rights, but that’s only when I get time away from my job. The influx of refugees in 2016 shocked and traumatized me because I saw the victims with my own eyes and heard about her or his horrible situation. I’ve seen the wounds in their bodies and suffering in their eyes, the tears of losing a loved one. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">I had to ask myself, “Do you want to continue, and how can you support these people?” In 2017, I gave up my regular life and devoted myself to my community by being involved in several activities. I used to be a teacher, a lawyer, and a perfect housewife but now I skip most family events. I am aware of the community’s practices and mentality. Being a woman especially, we never count as an essential part of our community.</span></p> <p><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="29569" data-permalink="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/1b-2/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1b-2.jpeg?fit=960%2C720&ssl=1" data-orig-size="960,720" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="Razia Sultana" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1b-2.jpeg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1b-2.jpeg?fit=960%2C720&ssl=1" class="aligncenter wp-image-29569 size-full" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1b-2.jpeg?resize=960%2C720&ssl=1" alt="" width="960" height="720" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1b-2.jpeg?w=960&ssl=1 960w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1b-2.jpeg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1b-2.jpeg?resize=768%2C576&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1b-2.jpeg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /></p> <p><b>Q: In relation to the pandemic and the refugee camps, what kind of challenges are you facing now to communicate with Rohingya women?</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>A: </strong>The pandemic has made this community more vulnerable, with some people even blaming women for spreading it by being volunteers when it was in fact the men who were roaming around the camp. I’m glad to know some very courageous women. In the beginning, most of the women who are related to NGO work were forced to stay home. </span></p> <blockquote><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“It has been shown that women were the first responders who were raising awareness”.</span></p></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Due to the lockdowns, problems in the camp increased and women were mostly affected by domestic violence as their movement was restricted and the supply of essential items was limited. Moreover, relations between the Cox Bazar host community and the Rohingya continuously increased in tension and they were blaming each other over everything. We local women took the lead, making our best effort to build positive relationships between them and holding awareness sessions to explain the reality and problems faced by both communities, looking at how these could be solved positively. </span></p> <p><b>Q: Please share with us your personal message to the world for International Women’s Day 2022.</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>A: </strong>The Rohingya are the most persecuted nation and Rohingya women are more persecuted than others. Rights, empowerment, and self-dignity are words beyond their imagination. People like myself are trying to communicate that women are also pillars of society. If they are ignored, then we can’t move forward. Future generations will become burdened. It should be a societal norm to be concerned about women’s empowerment.</span></p> <h5><strong>Conclusion</strong></h5> <p><a href="https://library.witness.org/product/sgbv-guide/"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="29425" data-permalink="https://blog.witness.org/2021/12/disinformation-sgbv-africa/sgbv_guide_twitter/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?fit=2160%2C1080&ssl=1" data-orig-size="2160,1080" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="SGBV_Guide_Twitter" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?fit=300%2C150&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?fit=960%2C480&ssl=1" class="aligncenter wp-image-29425 size-large" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?resize=960%2C480&ssl=1" alt="" width="960" height="480" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?resize=1024%2C512&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?resize=300%2C150&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?resize=768%2C384&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?resize=1536%2C768&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?resize=2048%2C1024&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?resize=200%2C100&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SGBV_Guide_Twitter.png?w=1920&ssl=1 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /></a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">WITNESS’ new guide, ‘</span><a href="https://library.witness.org/product/sgbv-guide/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Using Video to Support Justice and Accountability for Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">’ emphasizes the importance of preparing interviewers in best practices for interviewing a survivor. The guide also advocates for other forms of video documentation which could strengthen fact-finding monitoring reports and be used in criminal justice processes to bring perpetrators to justice.<br /> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Community documenters should make every effort to understand and ensure that there is indeed a good reason for documenting</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">sexual and gender-based crimes in the first place. Ideally, it must be of benefit to the survivor as well as their community.</span></p> <h5><strong>Related resources:</strong></h5> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://library.witness.org/product/sgbv-guide/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">SGBV Guide</span></a></li> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://vae.witness.org/2021/11/expert-notes-on-documenting-sgbv-trauma-informed-interviewing/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Expert Note: Trauma-Informed Interviewing</a></li> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://vae.witness.org/2021/11/expert-notes-on-documenting-sgbv-minimizing-harm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Expert Note: Minimizing Harm</a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://library.witness.org/product/tips-interviewing-survivors-of-gender-based-violence/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tip Sheet: Interviewing Survivors</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="http://wit.to/SGBV-Playlist" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Video Playlist: Interviewing Survivors</span></a></li> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://wit.to/DocumentingSGBV">Supporting Survivors of Gender-Based Violence: Documenting Evidence</a></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Published on 8th March 2022.</span></p> <div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-29552" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-29552" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-pinterest"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-pinterest-29552" class="share-pinterest sd-button share-icon" href="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/?share=pinterest" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Pinterest" ><span>Pinterest</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-29552" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" href="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Documenting%20SGBV%20Crimes%20during%20Conflict%3A%20The%20View%20from%20Cox%E2%80%99s%20Bazar&body=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.witness.org%2F2022%2F03%2Fdocumenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="63cb46df1e" data-email-share-track-url="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/?share=email"><span>Email</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer article-default-width"> <i style="margin-right:5px;"></i> Archived in <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/eyewitness/" rel="category tag">eyewitness</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/campaigns/gender-based-violence/" rel="category tag">Gender-Based-Violence</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/how-to-toolkits/" rel="category tag">How-To</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/legalethical/" rel="category tag">Legal/Ethical</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/safety-security/" rel="category tag">Safety & Security</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/campaigns/gender-based-violence/sexual-violence/" rel="category tag">Sexual Violence</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/tools/" rel="category tag">Tools</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/video-for-change/" rel="category tag">Video for Change</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/campaigns/gender-based-violence/womens-day/" rel="category tag">Women's Day</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/category/campaigns/gender-based-violence/womens-rights/" rel="category tag">Women's Rights</a> and tagged <a href="https://blog.witness.org/tag/iwd2022/" rel="tag">#IWD2022</a>, <a href="https://blog.witness.org/tag/womens-day/" rel="tag">Women's Day</a>. </footer> <div class="entry-footer article-default-width"> <i></i> Share this article: <span class="sharespan"> <a onclick="window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/','','toolbar=no, location=no, directories=no, status=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=no, resizable=no, copyhistory=no, width=450,height=350, top='+ tops +', left='+ lefts)"><i></i> Facebook</a> <a onclick="window.open('https://twitter.com/share?url=https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/&text=Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar&via=witnessorg&related=witnessorg&hashtags=','','toolbar=no, location=no, directories=no, status=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=no, resizable=no, copyhistory=no, width=450,height=350, top='+ tops +', left='+ lefts)" ><i></i> Twitter</a> </span> </div> </article> <div class="widget-area widget-area-post-content-bottom article-default-width"> </div> <div id="comments-container" style="padding:50px 0;margin-top:50px;"> <div id="comments" class="comments-area article-default-width"> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/2022/03/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://blog.witness.org/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate><p class="comment-notes"><span id="email-notes">Your email address will not be published.</span> <span class="required-field-message">Required fields are marked <span class="required">*</span></span></p><p class="comment-form-comment"><label for="comment">Comment <span class="required">*</span></label> <textarea id="comment" name="comment" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="65525" required></textarea></p><p class="comment-form-author"><label for="author">Name <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="author" name="author" type="text" value="" size="30" maxlength="245" autocomplete="name" required /></p> <p class="comment-form-email"><label for="email">Email <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" value="" size="30" maxlength="100" aria-describedby="email-notes" autocomplete="email" required /></p> <p class="comment-form-url"><label for="url">Website</label> <input id="url" name="url" type="url" value="" size="30" maxlength="200" autocomplete="url" /></p> <p class="comment-form-cookies-consent"><input id="wp-comment-cookies-consent" name="wp-comment-cookies-consent" type="checkbox" value="yes" /> <label for="wp-comment-cookies-consent">Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.</label></p> <p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment" /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='29552' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> </p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="0202366750" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="101"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <style> .article-card .next-post-element {display:none;} </style> <div id="card-nextpost" class="article-card pagehead under-header"> <div class="inner"> <div class="next-post-element image-background thumb" style="z-index:0;background-image:url('https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IWD2022mainblogcover.png?fit=200%2C100&ssl=1');"> </div> <div class="next-post-element image-background " style="z-index:0;background-image:url('https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IWD2022mainblogcover.png?fit=1600%2C800&ssl=1');"> </div> <div class="prev-post-element image-background thumb" style="z-index:0;background-image:url('https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ContentAuthenticity_C2PA_blog_4.png?fit=200%2C100&ssl=1');"> </div> <div class="prev-post-element image-background " style="z-index:0;background-image:url('https://i0.wp.com/blog.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ContentAuthenticity_C2PA_blog_4.png?fit=2160%2C1080&ssl=1');"> </div> <div class="image-cover"> <div class="inner"> <div class="next-post-label"> <ul> <li onclick=" jQuery(this).parent('ul').find('li').removeClass('active'); jQuery(this).addClass('active'); jQuery('.prev-post-element').hide(); jQuery('.next-post-element').fadeIn(500); " > <i></i> Next article </li> <li onclick=" jQuery(this).parent('ul').find('li').removeClass('active'); jQuery(this).addClass('active'); jQuery('.next-post-element').hide(); jQuery('.prev-post-element').fadeIn(500); " class="active" > <i></i> Previous article </li> </ul> </div> <div class="next-post-element"> <div class="elements-content "> <div> <a onclick="scrollto('.entry-content', 750, -30)" href="https://blog.witness.org/2022/03/supporting-survivors-of-sgbv-documenting-evidence/" title="Supporting Survivors of Gender-Based Violence: Documenting Evidence" class="title ajaxlink">Supporting Survivors of Gender-Based Violence: Documenting Evidence</a> <span class="meta"> <span class="author"> By <a class="ajaxlink" href="https://blog.witness.org/author/guest-blogger/">WITNESS</a> </span> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="prev-post-element"> <div class="elements-content"> <div> <a onclick="scrollto('.entry-content', 750, -30)" href="https://blog.witness.org/2022/01/potentially-systematic-provenance-and-authenticity-infrastructure/" title="The rubber hits the road: From niche to potentially systematic use of provenance and authenticity infrastructure" class="title ajaxlink">The rubber hits the road: From niche to potentially systematic use of provenance and authenticity infrastructure</a> <span class="meta"> <span class="author"> By <a class="ajaxlink" href="https://blog.witness.org/author/jacobowitness-org/">Jacobo Castellanos</a> </span> </span> </div> </div> </div> <script> jQuery(function() { // ios viewport height (vh) fix $card = jQuery('#card-nextpost.article-card'); var is_iphone = /(iPhone|iPod)/g.test( navigator.userAgent ); var is_ipad = /(iPad)/g.test( navigator.userAgent ); if(is_iphone || is_ipad) { $card.css("height", 420); $card.find('.image-background').css("height", 420); $card.find('.image-background').css("background-attachment", 'scroll'); }; }) </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function pushmenu() { jQuery('#mp-menu, .scroller').addClass('cbp-spmenu-push-toright'); jQuery( ".push-cover" ).bind( "click", function() { pushmenu_close(); }); } function pushmenu_close() { jQuery('#mp-menu, .scroller').removeClass('cbp-spmenu-push-toright'); } function scrollto(div, time, offset) { if (!time) time = 600; if (!offset) offset = 0; jQuery('html, body').animate({scrollTop: jQuery(div).offset().top + offset}, time); } // back to top and menu buttons --------------------------------------------------------------------------- var previousScroll = 0, headerOrgOffset = jQuery('#top-controls').height(); jQuery(window).scroll(function () { toolbar = jQuery('#top-controls'); var currentScroll = jQuery(this).scrollTop(); if (currentScroll > headerOrgOffset + 500) { if (currentScroll >= previousScroll ) { toolbar.removeClass('animated fadeInDown').addClass('animated fadeOutUp') } else { toolbar.removeClass('animated fadeOutUp').addClass('affix animated veryfast fadeInDown') } } else { toolbar.removeClass('animated affix fadeInDown fadeOutUp') } previousScroll = currentScroll; }); // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- </script> </div> <script> jQuery(document).on('click', '.ajaxlink > a, a.ajaxlink', function(e) { //jQuery('a.ajaxlink').on('click', function(e) { //jQuery("#loading").show(); href = jQuery(this).attr("href"); if (href == document.URL) return false; loadContent(href); // HISTORY.PUSHSTATE history.pushState('', 'New URL: '+href, href); e.preventDefault(); }); // THIS EVENT MAKES SURE THAT THE BACK/FORWARD BUTTONS WORK AS WELL window.onpopstate = function(event) { if(event.state !== null) { //jQuery("#loading").show(); console.log("pathname: "+location.href); loadContent(location.href); } } function loadContent(url){ // USES JQUERY TO LOAD THE CONTENT div = ''; link = jQuery('a.ajaxlink[href="'+url+'"]'); if (link.attr('data-contentdiv')) div = link.attr('data-contentdiv'); if(!div) div = '#content'; if(!div) { window.location.assign(url); } //url = url + simbolito + 'ajax=1'; jQuery(link).parents('ul').find('li').removeClass('active'); jQuery(link).parents('li').addClass('active'); animate_in = link.attr('data-anim-in') animate_out = link.attr('data-anim-out'); if (!animate_in) animate_in = 'fadeIn'; if (!animate_out) animate_out = 'fadeOut'; simbolito = '&'; if (url.indexOf("?") === -1 ) simbolito = '?'; if (typeof NProgress != "undefined") NProgress.start(); if (typeof NProgress != "undefined") NProgress.set(0.6) jQuery(div).addClass('veryfast animated'); jQuery(div).addClass(animate_out).delay(250).queue(function(){ scrollto('body', 50, 0); if (typeof NProgress != "undefined") NProgress.inc(); }); //jQuery(div).css({'opacity':'0.4'}); jQuery(div).load(url + simbolito + 'ajax=1', function () { jQuery(div).dequeue(); jQuery(window).scroll(); //load fix jQuery(div).removeClass(animate_out).addClass(animate_in).delay(250) .queue(function(){ jQuery(this).removeClass(animate_in); if (typeof NProgress != "undefined") NProgress.done(); jQuery(this).dequeue(); pushmenu_close(); if (link.attr('data-scrollto')) { speed = 500; if(link.attr('data-scrollto-speed')) speed = link.attr('data-scrollto-speed'); offset = -60; if (link.attr('data-scrollto-offset')) offset = link.attr('data-scrollto-offset'); scrollto(link.attr('data-scrollto'), speed, parseFloat(offset)); } (function($) { $.fn.parallax = function(options) { var windowHeight = $(window).height(); // Establish default settings var settings = $.extend({ speed : 0.15 }, options); // Iterate over each object in collection return this.each( function() { // Save a reference to the element var $this = $(this); // Set up Scroll Handler $(document).scroll(function(){ var scrollTop = $(window).scrollTop(); var offset = $this.offset().top; var height = $this.outerHeight(); // Check if above or below viewport if (offset + height <= scrollTop || offset >= scrollTop + windowHeight) { return; } var yBgPosition = Math.round((offset - scrollTop) * settings.speed); // Apply the Y Background Position to Set the Parallax Effect $this.css('background-position', 'center ' + yBgPosition + 'px'); }); }); } }(jQuery)); jQuery('.image-background.image-final.image-in-single-page').parallax({ speed : 0.50 }); jQuery("article p, article blockquote").contentshare({ shareLinks : ["http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?s=100&u="+document.URL+"&title="+document.title+"&summary=" , "http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url="+document.URL+"&text="], }); jQuery.fn.contentshare.defaults.shareable.on('mouseup',function(){ jQuery.fn.contentshare.showTooltip(); }); }); }) } </script> <script> (function($) { $.fn.parallax = function(options) { var windowHeight = $(window).height(); // Establish default settings var settings = $.extend({ speed : 0.15 }, options); // Iterate over each object in collection return this.each( function() { // Save a reference to the element var $this = $(this); // Set up Scroll Handler $(document).scroll(function(){ var scrollTop = $(window).scrollTop(); var offset = $this.offset().top; var height = $this.outerHeight(); // Check if above or below viewport if (offset + height <= scrollTop || offset >= scrollTop + windowHeight) { return; } var yBgPosition = Math.round((offset - scrollTop) * settings.speed); // Apply the Y Background Position to Set the Parallax Effect $this.css('background-position', 'center ' + yBgPosition + 'px'); }); }); } }(jQuery)); jQuery('.image-background.image-final.image-in-single-page').parallax({ speed : 0.50 }); </script>  <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(["setDomains", ["*.blog.witness.org"]]); _paq.push(["enableCrossDomainLinking"]); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://matomo.witness.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'piwik.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '17']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'piwik.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay"> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="jp-carousel-container">  <div class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper-container jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-info"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskComments)"> <rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading"> <span>Loading Comments...</span> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container"> <span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"> </span> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div> <form id="jp-carousel-comment-form"> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Write a Comment...</label> <textarea name="comment" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" placeholder="Write a Comment..." ></textarea> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as"> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Email (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Name (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Website</label> <input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" /> </fieldset> </div> <input type="submit" name="submit" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit" value="Post Comment" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> <h3 class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></h3> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> </div> <ul class="jp-carousel-image-exif" style="display: none;"></ul> <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0)"> <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> </a> <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/blog.witness.org\/2022\/03\/documenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict\/":29552}; </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack-carousel-swiper-css-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/carousel/swiper-bundle.css?ver=14.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack-carousel-css' href='https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/carousel/jetpack-carousel.css?ver=14.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/theme-features/ajax-navigation/js/nprogress.js?ver=20130115" id="nprogress-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/themes/literatum/theme-features/post-sharecontent/js/combined.js?ver=20130115" id="tooltipster+sharecontent-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.witness.org/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202449.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"63639535\",\"post\":\"29552\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"blog.witness.org\",\"j\":\"1:14.0\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "63639535", "29552" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https:\/\/blog.witness.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/jetpack\/_inc\/build\/carousel\/swiper-bundle.min.js"}; var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/blog.witness.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"33fdf1a68f","display_exif":"0","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size <span class=\"photo-size\">{0}<span class=\"photo-size-times\">\u00d7<\/span>{1}<\/span>","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/blog.witness.org\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.witness.org%2F2022%2F03%2Fdocumenting-sgbv-crimes-during-conflict%2F","blog_id":"1","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/carousel/jetpack-carousel.min.js?ver=14.0" id="jetpack-carousel-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/akismet-frontend.js?ver=1732210149" id="akismet-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.witness.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/sharedaddy/sharing.min.js?ver=14.0" id="sharing-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Documenting SGBV Crimes during Conflict: The View from Cox’s Bazar - WITNESS Blog