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href="#Counterculture_and_second-wave_feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Counterculture and second-wave feminism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counterculture_and_second-wave_feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neopagan_movements_in_post-war_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neopagan_movements_in_post-war_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Neopagan movements in post-war Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neopagan_movements_in_post-war_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rock_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rock_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rock music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rock_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rock music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rock_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neofolk_and_the_"Euro-pagan_scene"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neofolk_and_the_"Euro-pagan_scene""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Neofolk and the "Euro-pagan scene"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neofolk_and_the_"Euro-pagan_scene"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagan_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagan_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pagan rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagan_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heavy_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavy_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Heavy metal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavy_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eclecticism:_ethno-gothic,_pagan_folk_and_ambient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eclecticism:_ethno-gothic,_pagan_folk_and_ambient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eclecticism: ethno-gothic, pagan folk and ambient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eclecticism:_ethno-gothic,_pagan_folk_and_ambient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Art music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Romuvan_ceremony_%2811%29.PNG/220px-Romuvan_ceremony_%2811%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Romuvan_ceremony_%2811%29.PNG/330px-Romuvan_ceremony_%2811%29.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Romuvan_ceremony_%2811%29.PNG/440px-Romuvan_ceremony_%2811%29.PNG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>The folk music group <a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABlgrinda_(band)" title="Kūlgrinda (band)">Kūlgrinda</a> is the musical expression of <a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a> in Lithuania.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Modern pagan music</b> or <b>neopagan music</b> is music created for or influenced by <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">modern Paganism</a>. Music produced in the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> include efforts from the Latvian <a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a> movement and the Norwegian composer <a href="/wiki/Geirr_Tveitt" title="Geirr Tveitt">Geirr Tveitt</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a> established <a href="/wiki/British_folk_revival" title="British folk revival">British folk revival</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a> as influences for American neopagan music. <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Second-wave feminism</a> created <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_music" title="Women's music">women's music</a> which includes influences from feminist versions of neopaganism. The United States also produced <a href="/wiki/Moondog" title="Moondog">Moondog</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Norse neopagan</a> street musician and composer. The postwar neopagan organisations <a href="/wiki/%C3%81satr%C3%BAarf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0" title="Ásatrúarfélagið">Ásatrúarfélagið</a> in Iceland and <a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a> in Lithuania have been led by musicians. </p><p>Several subgenres of rock music have been combined with neopaganism. <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a> bands have featured pagan revivalists since the genre's inception, <a href="/wiki/Pagan_rock" title="Pagan rock">pagan rock</a> emerged in the 1980s as a distinct genre or subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">gothic rock</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> bands have associated themselves with paganism since the early 1990s. Festivals like <a href="/wiki/Wave-Gotik-Treffen" title="Wave-Gotik-Treffen">Wave-Gotik-Treffen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castlefest" title="Castlefest">Castlefest</a> have become venues for eclectic neopagan popular music, which may contain elements of gothic rock, <a href="/wiki/Neo-Medieval_music" title="Neo-Medieval music">neo-Medieval music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground music</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interwar_period">Interwar period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Interwar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Latvian neopagan</a> movement <a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a> developed a musical life in the 1930s, focused on the instruments <a href="/wiki/Kokle" title="Kokle">kokles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%ABdeksnis" title="Trīdeksnis">trīdeksnis</a>, choir music and Latvian folk music. In a 1937 article, the movement's chief ideologue <a href="/wiki/Ernests_Brasti%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Ernests Brastiņš">Ernests Brastiņš</a> wrote about the religion's sermons, which included music that "should create solemn and harmonious feelings".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuktupāvels2000393–394_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuktupāvels2000393–394-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was initially handled by the organist, composer and conductor <a href="/wiki/Valdem%C4%81rs_Ozoli%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Valdemārs Ozoliņš">Valdemārs Ozoliņš</a> (1896–1973). The other main contributors were Jānis Norvilis (1906–1994) and Artūrs Salaks (1891–1984). Norvilis created choral arrangements of folk songs for calendar celebrations. Salaks, a composer and folklorist, became the movement's musical leader in 1936. His own music was characterized by <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_scale" title="Diatonic scale">diatonic scale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">drones</a>, and combined archaic and new elements in what he dubbed "the Latvian style".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuktupāvels2000393–394_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuktupāvels2000393–394-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938, Salaks released a collection of choral songs titled <i>Latviešu dievestīgās dziesmas</i> ("Latvian songs of adoration").<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in the 1930s, the Norwegian composer <a href="/wiki/Geirr_Tveitt" title="Geirr Tveitt">Geirr Tveitt</a> (1908–1981) became affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic neopaganism</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist">National Socialist</a> journal <i>Ragnarok</i> and its publisher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_S._Jacobsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans S. Jacobsen (page does not exist)">Hans S. Jacobsen</a>. Jacobsen drew heavily from <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Jakob Wilhelm Hauer</a>'s theories and promoted the adoration of the <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse gods</a>. This influenced Tveitt's musical compositions, notably the ballet <i><a href="/wiki/Baldurs_draumar" title="Baldurs draumar">Baldurs draumar</a></i> (1938).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmberland2003311–353_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmberland2003311–353-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tveitt maintains a high status as a composer in Norway, but his affiliation with this milieu is controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Counterculture_and_second-wave_feminism">Counterculture and second-wave feminism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Counterculture and second-wave feminism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A self-identified pagan scene for popular music emerged in the United States in the 1970s. A pioneer was <a href="/wiki/Gwydion_Pendderwen" title="Gwydion Pendderwen">Gwydion Pendderwen</a> (1946–1982), who established an emphasis on folk music and singer-songwriter material.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201485_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201485-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another early contributor was <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Murphy_(singer-songwriter)" title="Charlie Murphy (singer-songwriter)">Charlie Murphy</a> (1953–2016), whose song "Burning Times" became popular in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20051238_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20051238-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their style owed much to the <a href="/wiki/British_folk_revival" title="British folk revival">British folk revival</a> of the 1960s, in particular <a href="/wiki/British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a> acts like <a href="/wiki/Fairport_Convention" title="Fairport Convention">Fairport Convention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steeleye_Span" title="Steeleye Span">Steeleye Span</a>. Another important element was the <a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">chant</a>, exemplified with <a href="/wiki/Zsuzsanna_Budapest" title="Zsuzsanna Budapest">Zsuzsanna Budapest</a>'s "We all come from the Goddess / And to Her we shall return / Like a drop of rain / Flowing to the ocean".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20051238_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20051238-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chants and songs were made integral to the religious rituals of the milieu. <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World music</a> gradually became a central component, partially due to concerns of inclusion. This expressed itself through drumming circles where <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_in_Arabic_music" title="Rhythm in Arabic music">Middle Eastern malfuf rhythms</a> became the standard, sometimes alternated with African-based <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a> rhythms. Pagan recordings and performances began to feature <a href="/wiki/Goblet_drum" title="Goblet drum">doumbeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tar_(drum)" title="Tar (drum)">tars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Djembe" title="Djembe">djembes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20051238_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20051238-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mythological material has predominantly been drawn from <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill20051238_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill20051238-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records from this pagan scene were sold in <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> stores and information about new music was spread through magazines like <i><a href="/wiki/Circle_Sanctuary" title="Circle Sanctuary">Circle Network News</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Egg" title="Green Egg">Green Egg</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1999194_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1999194-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moondog_kopf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Moondog_kopf.jpg/170px-Moondog_kopf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Moondog_kopf.jpg/255px-Moondog_kopf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Moondog_kopf.jpg/340px-Moondog_kopf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Sculpture of Moondog at his grave in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As a legacy from the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a>, neopaganism in the United States developed a close relationship with the New Age movement. A prominent example of this is the <a href="/wiki/Starwood_Festival" title="Starwood Festival">Starwood Festival</a>, held every summer since 1981. Starwood was formerly held in southwestern <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> but has since moved to a site near Athens OH. The festival hosts musical performances, rituals and an eclectic program of workshops. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPike200435–36_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPike200435–36-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kay_Gardner_(composer)" title="Kay Gardner (composer)">Kay Gardner</a> (1940–2002) was an adherent of <a href="/wiki/Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a> and one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_music" title="Women's music">women's music</a>, which emerged as the musical expression of <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">second-wave feminism</a>. Her works include the <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros:_Seasons_of_Life%E2%80%94Women%27s_Passages" title="Ouroboros: Seasons of Life—Women's Passages">Ouroboros: Seasons of Life—Women's Passages</a></i>. It portrays a woman's life cycle from birth to death using the symbols of the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Goddess_(Neopaganism)" title="Triple Goddess (Neopaganism)">Triple Goddess</a> and neopagan holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarini2003171–182_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarini2003171–182-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the musicologist Ruth A. Solie, feminist music overall had its origin in the <a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess movement</a>, which inspired women to express their inner lives through music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolie19938–31_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolie19938–31-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Louis Thomas Hardin (1916–1999), known as <a href="/wiki/Moondog" title="Moondog">Moondog</a>, was a blind street musician, composer and poet. He remained outside of organized pagan structures, but included pagan and mythological themes in his music, dressed in a horned helmet, said he believed in the Norse gods and built an altar to <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a> at his country retreat in <a href="/wiki/Candor,_New_York" title="Candor, New York">Candor, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScotto2013_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScotto2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neopagan_movements_in_post-war_Europe">Neopagan movements in post-war Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Neopagan movements in post-war Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Beinteinsson_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Beinteinsson_1991.jpg/170px-Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Beinteinsson_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Beinteinsson_1991.jpg/255px-Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Beinteinsson_1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Beinteinsson_1991.jpg/340px-Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Beinteinsson_1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="1742" /></a><figcaption>Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson in 1991</figcaption></figure> <p>In Iceland, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81satr%C3%BAarf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0" title="Ásatrúarfélagið">Ásatrúarfélagið</a>'s first <i><a href="/wiki/Allsherjargo%C3%B0i_(%C3%81satr%C3%BAarf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0)" title="Allsherjargoði (Ásatrúarfélagið)">allsherjargoði</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Beinteinsson" title="Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson">Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson</a> (1924–1993) was known as both a writer and singer of <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADmur" title="Rímur">rímur</a></i>, a traditional form of <a href="/wiki/Alliterative_verse" title="Alliterative verse">alliterative poetry</a> or songs. He can be seen performing in this style in the documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Rokk_%C3%AD_Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Rokk í Reykjavík">Rokk í Reykjavík</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982 he released an album, <i>Eddukvæði</i>, where he sings from the <i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another work with ties to Ásatrúarfélagið is <i><a href="/wiki/Odin%27s_Raven_Magic" title="Odin's Raven Magic">Odin's Raven Magic</a></i>, a 2002 choral and orchestral setting of the Icelandic poem <i><a href="/wiki/Hrafnagaldr_%C3%93%C3%B0ins" title="Hrafnagaldr Óðins">Hrafnagaldr Óðins</a></i>. It was made by the <i>allsherjargoði</i> <a href="/wiki/Hilmar_%C3%96rn_Hilmarsson" title="Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson">Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson</a> (born 1958) in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Sigur_R%C3%B3s" title="Sigur Rós">Sigur Rós</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steind%C3%B3r_Andersen" title="Steindór Andersen">Steindór Andersen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELassen20119_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELassen20119-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The folk music group <a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABlgrinda_(band)" title="Kūlgrinda (band)">Kūlgrinda</a> was founded in 1989 by <a href="/wiki/Inija_Trink%C5%ABnien%C4%97" title="Inija Trinkūnienė">Inija</a> (born 1951) and <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Trink%C5%ABnas" title="Jonas Trinkūnas">Jonas Trinkūnas</a> (1939–2014), the leaders of the Lithuanian neopagan movement <a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a>. The group functions as the movement's musical expression and is an integral part of its rituals. It is specialised on <i><a href="/wiki/Sutartin%C4%97s" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutartinės">sutartinės</a></i>, traditional <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphonic</a> song-chants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrmiska2012361–364_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrmiska2012361–364-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romuva's website describes Kūlgrinda as a "ritual folklore group".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Slovak singer and multi-instrumentalist <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiarislav" title="Žiarislav">Miroslav "Žiarislav" Švický</a> (born 1967) has been influential within <a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic Native Faith</a> in Slovakia with his songs that combine <a href="/wiki/Slovak_folk_music" title="Slovak folk music">Slovak folk music</a> and contemporary influences. He is the founder and leader of the modern pagan organisation Rodný kruh (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Native Circle</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPuchovský202217–40_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuchovský202217–40-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rock_music">Rock music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rock music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neofolk_and_the_"Euro-pagan_scene""><span id="Neofolk_and_the_.22Euro-pagan_scene.22"></span>Neofolk and the "Euro-pagan scene"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Neofolk and the "Euro-pagan scene""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a></div> <p>The genre of <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">neofolk</a> emerged from <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial music</a> in the 1980s and is musically related to the post-war folk revival and <a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">gothic rock</a>. It parallels and partial overlaps <a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">folk metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism_(music)" title="Neoclassicism (music)">neoclassical music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo-Medieval_music" title="Neo-Medieval music">neo-Medieval music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">folk-pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">pagan metal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaunders202039_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaunders202039-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historian of ideas <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Stéphane François">Stéphane François</a> has written that neofolk, also known as apocalyptic folk and dark folk, largely overlaps with what he calls the "Euro-pagan scene",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is "characterized more by a mindset, an overall message, than by a musical genre".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_%2B_Ice_MJR.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fire_%2B_Ice_MJR.JPG/220px-Fire_%2B_Ice_MJR.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fire_%2B_Ice_MJR.JPG/330px-Fire_%2B_Ice_MJR.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fire_%2B_Ice_MJR.JPG/440px-Fire_%2B_Ice_MJR.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3824" data-file-height="2549" /></a><figcaption>Fire + Ice at <a href="/wiki/M%C4%97nuo_Juodaragis" title="Mėnuo Juodaragis">Mėnuo Juodaragis</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Pagan revivalism has been a part of the scene from its inception through people such as Robert N. Taylor of the band Changes. Other examples include the band <a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus_(band)" title="Sol Invictus (band)">Sol Invictus</a>, Fire + Ice and its frontman <a href="/wiki/Ian_Read_(musician)" title="Ian Read (musician)">Ian Read</a>, the Dutch neopagan <a href="/wiki/Freya_Aswynn" title="Freya Aswynn">Freya Aswynn</a> who has collaborated with groups such as <a href="/wiki/Current_93" title="Current 93">Current 93</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leagas" title="Patrick Leagas">Sixth Comm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blood_Axis" title="Blood Axis">Blood Axis</a>, whose frontman <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jenkins_Moynihan" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jenkins Moynihan">Michael Jenkins Moynihan</a> edits the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Tyr_(journal)" title="Tyr (journal)">Tyr</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrançois2005paragraph_23François200735–54_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrançois2005paragraph_23François200735–54-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several prominent members have gone from embracing <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a> to embracing paganism, which has led to internal controversies; some participants have combined pagan and Satanic motifs, which others condemn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrançois2005paragraph_24_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrançois2005paragraph_24-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the early 2000s, some people within the scene, such as Barberousse of His Divine Grace and Moynihan, have been influenced by the paganism of the <i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrançois2005paragraph_18François200735–54_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrançois2005paragraph_18François200735–54-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beyond musical commonalities, neofolk is distinguished by an <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">elitist</a> view of culture, opposition to <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">rationalism</a> and modern homogenisation, an interest in Europe, identity and ethnicity, and dark visions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaunders202038_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaunders202038-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bands sometimes reference right-wing, occult, neopagan or <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">völkisch</a></i> subjects with deliberate ambiguity; the scholar <a href="/wiki/Stefanie_von_Schnurbein" title="Stefanie von Schnurbein">Stefanie von Schnurbein</a> calls this an "elitist <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzschean</a> masquerade" which expresses a "(neo-)romantic art-religious attitude".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchnurbein2014254–255_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchnurbein2014254–255-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> François associates the themes of the "Euro-pagan scene" with the political right, especially the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">conservative revolutionary movement</a>, but also sets it apart from right-wing culture through its willingness to engage in avant-garde artistic expressions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> François writes that the early and more influential bands are well-informed about their themes, but also describes a strong presence of "diluted esotericism":<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the conventions and cultural references established by the early groups do not necessarily correspond to a particular worldview among the bands that copy them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrançois200735–54-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagan_rock">Pagan rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pagan rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pagan_rock" title="Pagan rock">Pagan rock</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_WGT_23_Inkubus_Sukkubus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/2014_WGT_23_Inkubus_Sukkubus.jpg/220px-2014_WGT_23_Inkubus_Sukkubus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/2014_WGT_23_Inkubus_Sukkubus.jpg/330px-2014_WGT_23_Inkubus_Sukkubus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/2014_WGT_23_Inkubus_Sukkubus.jpg/440px-2014_WGT_23_Inkubus_Sukkubus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3260" data-file-height="2173" /></a><figcaption>Candia and Tony McKormack of <a href="/wiki/Inkubus_Sukkubus" title="Inkubus Sukkubus">Inkubus Sukkubus</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wave-Gotik-Treffen" title="Wave-Gotik-Treffen">Wave-Gotik-Treffen</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Pagan rock music as a particular genre emerged from British <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a>, especially gothic rock. According to the writer, journalist and DJ Jason Pitzl-Waters, many younger pagans in the 1980s and 1990s adopted gothic rock as their preferred alternative to the tastes of the <a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">baby boom generation</a>, which at the time dominated the neopagan institutions. By the mid 2000s, the genre had fully integrated into the mainstream of those institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201476_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201476-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some mythic themes occurred in goth lyrics from the early 1980s, as part of the genre's propensity for the romantic, medieval and primordial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201476_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201476-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This became more prominent in the "second wave" of the genre, spanning from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s. One of the most successful bands of this wave, <a href="/wiki/Fields_of_the_Nephilim" title="Fields of the Nephilim">Fields of the Nephilim</a>, make ample references to the occult and paganism in their lyrics. Another band from this wave is <a href="/wiki/Inkubus_Sukkubus" title="Inkubus Sukkubus">Inkubus Sukkubus</a>, formed in 1989 and explicitly referring to itself as a pagan band above everything else.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201479–80_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201479–80-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inkubus Sukkubus had a mainstream breakthrough in the United Kingdom with the release of its debut album in 1993, and would go on to perform at both mainstream venues and neopagan events. The success of Inkubus Sukkubus inspired a number of other British bands to adopt a "Pagan-Goth identity", something that quickly spread to other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201481_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201481-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australian-British band <a href="/wiki/Dead_Can_Dance" title="Dead Can Dance">Dead Can Dance</a>, formed in 1981, has had a significant impact on neopagan popular music, although neither of its own members has expressed any allegiance to paganism. Dead Can Dance began as a goth band but gradually moved away from the genre and has added elements such as <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a> and references to mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201482_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201482-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The annual music festival <a href="/wiki/Wave-Gotik-Treffen" title="Wave-Gotik-Treffen">Wave-Gotik-Treffen</a> in Leipzig, which focuses on genres such as gothic rock and <a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">dark wave</a>, has a "Pagan Village" for pagan festival goers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201489_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201489-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heavy_metal">Heavy metal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Heavy metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pagan_metal" title="Pagan metal">Pagan metal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arkona_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2019_32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Arkona_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2019_32.jpg/220px-Arkona_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2019_32.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Arkona_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2019_32.jpg/330px-Arkona_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2019_32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Arkona_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2019_32.jpg/440px-Arkona_Party.San_Metal_Open_Air_2019_32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maria_Arkhipova" title="Maria Arkhipova">Masha Scream</a> with Arkona at Party.San Metal Open Air in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal music</a> inherited an interest in Satanism and the occult from its progenitors in 1960s rock music. Beginning in Scandinavia around 1990, many metal bands came to replace the Satanic theme with an interest in paganism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchnurbein2016336–337_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchnurbein2016336–337-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Few of these musicians regarded themselves as religious, but the <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a> scene in particular developed an affinity for paganism and folk customs. An example is a 1995 essay by the Austrian musician <a href="/wiki/Allerseelen_(band)" title="Allerseelen (band)">Gerhard "Kadmon" Petak</a>, which quotes from <a href="/wiki/Otto_H%C3%B6fler" title="Otto Höfler">Otto Höfler</a> to draw parallels between black metal and traditions surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a> motif. The essay first became influential in the Alpine black metal scene, and received wider distribution when an English translation was included in the 1998 book <i><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Chaos_(book)" title="Lords of Chaos (book)">Lords of Chaos</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchnurbein2016339–340_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchnurbein2016339–340-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among metal bands that explicitly profess to paganism are <a href="/wiki/Arkona_(band)" title="Arkona (band)">Arkona</a> from Russia,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Falkenbach" title="Falkenbach">Falkenbach</a> from Germany<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1lm%C3%B6ld" title="Skálmöld">Skálmöld</a> from Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual musicians include <a href="/wiki/Gaahl" title="Gaahl">Gaahl</a>, involved in metal bands like <a href="/wiki/Gorgoroth" title="Gorgoroth">Gorgoroth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trelldom" title="Trelldom">Trelldom</a> and <a href="/wiki/God_Seed" title="God Seed">God Seed</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson2013263_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson2013263-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ossian_D%27Ambrosio" title="Ossian D'Ambrosio">Ossian D'Ambrosio</a>, founder and guitar player of <a href="/wiki/Opera_IX" title="Opera IX">Opera IX</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Pierre Wilhelmsson, former bass guitar player and lyrics writer for <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5negarm" title="Månegarm">Månegarm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eclecticism:_ethno-gothic,_pagan_folk_and_ambient"><span id="Eclecticism:_ethno-gothic.2C_pagan_folk_and_ambient"></span>Eclecticism: ethno-gothic, pagan folk and ambient</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eclecticism: ethno-gothic, pagan folk and ambient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A wider popular music scene has formed in Europe around festivals like the Wave-Gotik-Treffen in Germany and <a href="/wiki/Castlefest" title="Castlefest">Castlefest</a> in the Netherlands. The formula of bands like Dead Can Dance has spawned what Pitz-Waters has labeled "ethno-Gothic", represented by bands like <a href="/wiki/Ataraxia_(band)" title="Ataraxia (band)">Ataraxia</a> from Italy, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhea%27s_Obsession&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhea's Obsession (page does not exist)">Rhea's Obsession</a> from Canada and the Australian musician <a href="/wiki/Louisa_John-Krol" title="Louisa John-Krol">Louisa John-Krol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201483_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201483-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other openly pagan or occult-oriented bands with a clear debt to Dead Can Dance include Seventh Harmonic, Atrium Animae, <a href="/wiki/Daemonia_Nymphe" title="Daemonia Nymphe">Daemonia Nymphe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trobar_de_Morte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trobar de Morte (page does not exist)">Trobar de Morte</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Íon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201482_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201482-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-08-26_Faun_(Feuertal_2016)_034.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2016-08-26_Faun_%28Feuertal_2016%29_034.jpg/220px-2016-08-26_Faun_%28Feuertal_2016%29_034.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2016-08-26_Faun_%28Feuertal_2016%29_034.jpg/330px-2016-08-26_Faun_%28Feuertal_2016%29_034.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2016-08-26_Faun_%28Feuertal_2016%29_034.jpg/440px-2016-08-26_Faun_%28Feuertal_2016%29_034.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Faun at the Feuertal Festival in <a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The German band <a href="/wiki/Faun_(band)" title="Faun (band)">Faun</a> formed in 1999 and had their first mainstream success in Germany in 2013. They emerged from the neo-Medieval music scene but developed an eclectic style, which involves folk music and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZirnstein2013_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZirnstein2013-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They dubbed this <i>pagan folk</i>, a term that has been picked up by other bands such as <a href="/wiki/Omnia_(band)" title="Omnia (band)">Omnia</a> from the Netherlands. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZirnstein2013Troyer2020591–601_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZirnstein2013Troyer2020591–601-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typical for the pagan folk genre are premodern instruments, <a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">medievalist</a> costumes and imagery, as well as modern elements in order to create an idealised vision of an archaic past that is present in the contemporary world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETroyer2020586,_591_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETroyer2020586,_591-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Haugen" title="Andrea Haugen">Andrea Haugen</a>'s projects Aghast, Hagalaz' Runedance and Nebelhexë express a Germanic paganism focused on the cycles of nature and feminine mysteries. Haugen's musical influences include the English neofolk of Sol Invictus and Fire + Ice, the dark wave of Dead Can Dance, and Scandinavian folk music acts like <a href="/wiki/Hedningarna" title="Hedningarna">Hedningarna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mari_Boine" title="Mari Boine">Mari Boine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDieselGerten2007334_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDieselGerten2007334-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The musicians of the Norwegian group <a href="/wiki/Wardruna" title="Wardruna">Wardruna</a> have a background in the metal genre, and have subsequently influenced some metal bands. Wardruna have created <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">runes</a> and their meaning. They aim to use "the oldest of Nordic instruments"; this has included harp, <a href="/wiki/Frame_drum" title="Frame drum">frame drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_harp" title="Jew's harp">mouth harp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukkehorn" title="Bukkehorn">goat horn</a>, and the natural sounds of trees, rocks and water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelden201758_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelden201758-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_music">Art music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Art music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some composers of art music draw on Pagan themes. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_erste_Walpurgisnacht" title="Die erste Walpurgisnacht">Die erste Walpurgisnacht</a></i>, set to music by <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>, tells of <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a> rituals in the Harz mountains. <i><a href="/wiki/Merry_Mount_(opera)" title="Merry Mount (opera)">Merry Mount</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hanson" title="Howard Hanson">Howard Hanson</a> celebrates early colonial American Neo-Paganism. <a href="/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis" title="Iannis Xenakis">Iannis Xenakis</a> composed <i><a href="/wiki/Persephassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Persephassa">Persephassa</a></i> in honor of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>. Most of the works of <a href="/wiki/Bronius_Kutavi%C4%8Dius" title="Bronius Kutavičius">Bronius Kutavičius</a> are inspired by ancient <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> polytheistic belief and music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_music" title="Ancient music">Ancient music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltania" title="Beltania">Beltania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkim_%C5%BDaibu" title="Kilkim Žaibu">Kilkim Žaibu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New-age music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occulture" class="mw-redirect" title="Occulture">Occulture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpazioRock&rft.atitle=Interviste+%E2%80%93+Falkenbach+%28Vratyas+Vakyas&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft.aulast=Petrella&rft.aufirst=Fabio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaziorock.it%2Fintervista.php%3F%26id%3D330%26eng%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngela2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Angela (25 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metal.de/interviews/skalmoeld-interview-zu-islaendischen-klischees-302286/">"Skálmöld: Klischee-Alarm! Landeskunde mit den Isländern"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metal.de" title="Metal.de">Metal.de</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metal.de&rft.atitle=Sk%C3%A1lm%C3%B6ld%3A+Klischee-Alarm%21+Landeskunde+mit+den+Isl%C3%A4ndern&rft.date=2017-11-25&rft.au=Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metal.de%2Finterviews%2Fskalmoeld-interview-zu-islaendischen-klischees-302286%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson2013263-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson2013263_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatterson2013">Patterson 2013</a>, p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmisanoVanzo2019" class="citation web cs1">Palmisano, Stefania; Vanzo, Martina (12 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wrldrels.org/2019/11/10/cerchio-druidico-italiano/">"Cerchio Druidico Italiano"</a>. <i>World Religions and Spirituality Project</i>. <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Religions+and+Spirituality+Project&rft.atitle=Cerchio+Druidico+Italiano&rft.date=2019-11-12&rft.aulast=Palmisano&rft.aufirst=Stefania&rft.au=Vanzo%2C+Martina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwrldrels.org%2F2019%2F11%2F10%2Fcerchio-druidico-italiano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiasnikov2005" class="citation web cs1">Miasnikov, Aron (27 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alternative-zine.com/interviews/en/54">"Interview with: Erik Grawsiö of Månegarm"</a>. <i>Alternative-Zine.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alternative-Zine.com&rft.atitle=Interview+with%3A+Erik+Grawsi%C3%B6+of+M%C3%A5negarm&rft.date=2005-10-27&rft.aulast=Miasnikov&rft.aufirst=Aron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falternative-zine.com%2Finterviews%2Fen%2F54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201483-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitzl-Waters201483_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitzl-Waters2014">Pitzl-Waters 2014</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celtcast.com/trobar-de-morte-the-book-of-shadows-2020-review/">Celtcast</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZirnstein2013-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZirnstein2013_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZirnstein2013">Zirnstein 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZirnstein2013Troyer2020591–601-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZirnstein2013Troyer2020591–601_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZirnstein2013">Zirnstein 2013</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTroyer2020">Troyer 2020</a>, pp. 591–601.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETroyer2020586,_591-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETroyer2020586,_591_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTroyer2020">Troyer 2020</a>, pp. 586, 591.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDieselGerten2007334-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDieselGerten2007334_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDieselGerten2007">Diesel & Gerten 2007</a>, p. 334.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelden201758-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelden201758_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHelden2017">Helden 2017</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDieselGerten2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Diesel, Andreas; Gerten, Dieter (2007). <i>Looking for Europe: Neofolk und Hintergründe</i> [<i>Looking for Europe: Neofolk and Backgrounds</i>] (in German). Zeltingen-Rachtig: Index Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-393687802-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-393687802-8"><bdi>978-393687802-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Looking+for+Europe%3A+Neofolk+und+Hintergr%C3%BCnde&rft.place=Zeltingen-Rachtig&rft.pub=Index+Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-393687802-8&rft.aulast=Diesel&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Gerten%2C+Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmberland2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Emberland, Terje (2003). <i>Religion og rase: nyhedenskap og nazisme i Norge 1933–1945</i> [<i>Religion and race: neopaganism and Nazism in Norway 1933–1945</i>] (in Norwegian). Oslo: Humanist forlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788290425536" title="Special:BookSources/9788290425536"><bdi>9788290425536</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+og+rase%3A+nyhedenskap+og+nazisme+i+Norge+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Humanist+forlag&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9788290425536&rft.aulast=Emberland&rft.aufirst=Terje&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Stéphane François">François, Stéphane</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fsoc.088.0109">"The gods looked down : la musique " industrielle " et le paganisme"</a> [The Gods Looked Down: "Industrial" Music and Paganism]. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociétés (page does not exist)">Sociétés</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_(revue)" class="extiw" title="fr:Sociétés (revue)">fr</a>]</span></i> (in French). <b>88</b> (2): 109–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fsoc.088.0109">10.3917/soc.088.0109</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bfr%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.atitle=The+gods+looked+down+%3A+la+musique+%22+industrielle+%22+et+le+paganisme&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=109-124&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fsoc.088.0109&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3917%252Fsoc.088.0109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois2007" class="citation journal cs1">François, Stéphane (2007). "The Euro-Pagan Scene: Between Paganism and Radical Right". <i>Journal for the Studies of Radicalism</i>. <b>1</b> (2). Translated by Godwin, Ariel: 35–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjsr.2008.0006">10.1353/jsr.2008.0006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1930-1189">1930-1189</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41887576">41887576</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144508250">144508250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Studies+of+Radicalism&rft.atitle=The+Euro-Pagan+Scene%3A+Between+Paganism+and+Radical+Right&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=35-54&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=1930-1189&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144508250%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41887576%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjsr.2008.0006&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelden2017" class="citation book cs1">Helden, Imke von (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mUK_DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58"><i>Norwegian Native Art: Cultural Identity in Norwegian Metal Music</i></a>. Vienna: <a href="/wiki/LIT_Verlag" title="LIT Verlag">LIT Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90880-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90880-3"><bdi>978-3-643-90880-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norwegian+Native+Art%3A+Cultural+Identity+in+Norwegian+Metal+Music&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-643-90880-3&rft.aulast=Helden&rft.aufirst=Imke+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmUK_DgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2005" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Ann (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i4mvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1238">"Pagan Music"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bron_Taylor" title="Bron Taylor">Taylor, Bron R.</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature</i>. London: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84371-138-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84371-138-9"><bdi>1-84371-138-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pagan+Music&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion+and+Nature&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-84371-138-9&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di4mvAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLassen2011" class="citation book cs1">Lassen, Annette (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Hrafnagaldur%20Odins.pdf"><i>Hrafnagaldur Óðinns</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 191–194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-134-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-134-0"><bdi>1-57607-134-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Music%2C+Pagan&rft.btitle=Witchcraft+Today%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Wiccan+and+Neopagan+Traditions&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=191-194&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-57607-134-0&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarini2003" class="citation book cs1">Marini, Stephen A. 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Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252028007" title="Special:BookSources/9780252028007"><bdi>9780252028007</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Song+in+America%3A+Religion%2C+Music%2C+and+Public+Culture&rft.place=Urbana%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780252028007&rft.aulast=Marini&rft.aufirst=Stephen+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DALHGyUwKuogC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuktupāvels2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Valdis_Muktup%C4%81vels" title="Valdis Muktupāvels">Muktupāvels, Valdis</a> (Winter 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/558474">"On Some Relations Between <i>Kokles</i> Styles and Contexts in the Twentieth Century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Baltic_Studies" title="Journal of Baltic Studies">Journal of Baltic Studies</a></i>. <b>31</b> (4). London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 388–405. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01629770000000161">10.1080/01629770000000161</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-7877">1751-7877</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145425132">145425132</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Baltic+Studies&rft.atitle=On+Some+Relations+Between+Kokles+Styles+and+Contexts+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=388-405&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145425132%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1751-7877&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01629770000000161&rft.aulast=Muktup%C4%81vels&rft.aufirst=Valdis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F558474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2013" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, Dayal (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-kIxCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA263"><i>Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult</i></a>. Port Townsend, Washington: <a href="/wiki/Feral_House" title="Feral House">Feral House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9362-3975-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9362-3975-7"><bdi>978-1-9362-3975-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Metal%3A+Evolution+of+the+Cult&rft.place=Port+Townsend%2C+Washington&rft.pub=Feral+House&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-9362-3975-7&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Dayal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-kIxCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPike2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_M._Pike" title="Sarah M. Pike">Pike, Sarah M.</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newageneopaganre00pike"><i>New Age and Neopagan Religions in America</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-12402-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-12402-3"><bdi>0-231-12402-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Age+and+Neopagan+Religions+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-231-12402-3&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=Sarah+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewageneopaganre00pike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitzl-Waters2014" class="citation book cs1">Pitzl-Waters, Jason (2014). "The Darker Shade of Pagan: The Emergence of Goth". In Weston, Donna; Bennett, Andy (eds.). <i>Pop Pagans: Paganism and Popular Music</i>. London and New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84465-646-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84465-646-2"><bdi>978-1-84465-646-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Darker+Shade+of+Pagan%3A+The+Emergence+of+Goth&rft.btitle=Pop+Pagans%3A+Paganism+and+Popular+Music&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-84465-646-2&rft.aulast=Pitzl-Waters&rft.aufirst=Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuchovský2022" class="citation journal cs1">Puchovský, Michal (2022). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.equinoxpub.com/POM/article/view/24260">"Actually, I'm Pagan Thanks to Music: The Role of Žiarislav's Music in the Life of Modern Pagans in Slovakia"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pomegranate" title="The Pomegranate">The Pomegranate</a></i>. <b>24</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Fpome.24260">10.1558/pome.24260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pomegranate&rft.atitle=Actually%2C+I%27m+Pagan+Thanks+to+Music%3A+The+Role+of+%C5%BDiarislav%27s+Music+in+the+Life+of+Modern+Pagans+in+Slovakia&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fpome.24260&rft.aulast=Puchovsk%C3%BD&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.equinoxpub.com%2FPOM%2Farticle%2Fview%2F24260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders2020" class="citation book cs1">Saunders, Robert A. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2XMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT43">"<i>Völkisch</i> vibes: Neofolk, place, politics, and pan-European nationalism"</a>. In Nieguth, Tim (ed.). <i>Nationalism and Popular Culture</i>. London: Routledge. pp. 36–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429321764-4">10.4324/9780429321764-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429321764" title="Special:BookSources/9780429321764"><bdi>9780429321764</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=V%C3%B6lkisch+vibes%3A+Neofolk%2C+place%2C+politics%2C+and+pan-European+nationalism&rft.btitle=Nationalism+and+Popular+Culture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=36-58&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429321764-4&rft.isbn=9780429321764&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2XMDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnurbein2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stefanie_von_Schnurbein" title="Stefanie von Schnurbein">Schnurbein, Stefanie von</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LMDWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA254">"Germanic Neo-Paganism – A Nordic Art-Religion?"</a>. In Schlehe, Judith; Sandkühler, Evamaria (eds.). <i>Religion, Tradition and the Popular: Transcultural Views from Asia and Europe</i>. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8376-2613-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8376-2613-1"><bdi>978-3-8376-2613-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germanic+Neo-Paganism+%E2%80%93+A+Nordic+Art-Religion%3F&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Tradition+and+the+Popular%3A+Transcultural+Views+from+Asia+and+Europe&rft.place=Bielefeld&rft.pub=Transcript+Verlag&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-8376-2613-1&rft.aulast=Schnurbein&rft.aufirst=Stefanie+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLMDWBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnurbein2016" class="citation book cs1">Schnurbein, Stefanie von (2016). <i>Norse Revival: Transformations of Germanic Neopaganism</i>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-737-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-737-2"><bdi>978-1-60846-737-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norse+Revival%3A+Transformations+of+Germanic+Neopaganism&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-60846-737-2&rft.aulast=Schnurbein&rft.aufirst=Stefanie+von&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScotto2013" class="citation book cs1">Scotto, Robert (2013) [2007]. <i>Moondog: The Viking of 6th Avenue, Revised Edition</i>. Port Townsend, Washington: Process Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934170-41-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934170-41-0"><bdi>978-1-934170-41-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moondog%3A+The+Viking+of+6th+Avenue%2C+Revised+Edition&rft.place=Port+Townsend%2C+Washington&rft.pub=Process+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-934170-41-0&rft.aulast=Scotto&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolie1993" class="citation journal cs1">Solie, Ruth A. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/363303/summary">"Women's History and Music History: The Feminist Historiography of Sophie Drinker"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Women%27s_History" title="Journal of Women's History">Journal of Women's History</a></i>. <b>5</b> (2). 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(2012). "Paganism-Inspired Folk Music, Folk Music-Inspired Paganism and New Cultural Fusions in Lithuania and Latvia". In Cusack, Carole M; Norman, Alex (eds.). <i>Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production</i>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22187-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22187-1"><bdi>978-90-04-22187-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Paganism-Inspired+Folk+Music%2C+Folk+Music-Inspired+Paganism+and+New+Cultural+Fusions+in+Lithuania+and+Latvia&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+New+Religions+and+Cultural+Production&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-22187-1&rft.aulast=Strmiska&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroyer2020" class="citation book cs1">Troyer, Scott R. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DSXTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA586">"Medievalism and Identity Construction in Pagan Folk Music"</a>. In Meyer, Stephen C.; Yri, Kirsten (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Music and Medievalism</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 586–608. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190658441.013.47">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190658441.013.47</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-0658-44-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-0658-44-1"><bdi>978-0-19-0658-44-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Medievalism+and+Identity+Construction+in+Pagan+Folk+Music&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Music+and+Medievalism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=586-608&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190658441.013.47&rft.isbn=978-0-19-0658-44-1&rft.aulast=Troyer&rft.aufirst=Scott+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDSXTDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZirnstein2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zirnstein, Michael (14 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/folkband-faun-mit-minnesang-in-die-charts-1.1623590">"Folkband Faun – Mit Minnesang in die Charts"</a> [Folk band Faun: with Minnesang in the charts]. <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Folkband+Faun+%E2%80%93+Mit+Minnesang+in+die+Charts&rft.date=2013-03-14&rft.aulast=Zirnstein&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fmuenchen%2Ffolkband-faun-mit-minnesang-in-die-charts-1.1623590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_pagan_music&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase2009" class="citation thesis cs1">Chase, Christopher (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/14327"><i>Approaching the Sacred Grove : The Orphic Impulse in Pagan Religious Music</i></a> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Approaching+the+Sacred+Grove+%3A+The+Orphic+Impulse+in+Pagan+Religious+Music&rft.inst=Michigan+State+University&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd.lib.msu.edu%2Fetd%2F14327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornish2024" class="citation journal cs1">Cornish, Helen (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel15010071">"Musicking and Soundscapes amongst Magical-Religious Witches: Community and Ritual Practices"</a>. <i>Religions</i>. <b>15</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel15010071">10.3390/rel15010071</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religions&rft.atitle=Musicking+and+Soundscapes+amongst+Magical-Religious+Witches%3A+Community+and+Ritual+Practices&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Frel15010071&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Frel15010071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgeraldNordvig2023" class="citation book cs1">Fitzgerald, Padraic; <a href="/wiki/Mathias_Nordvig" title="Mathias Nordvig">Nordvig, Mathias</a> (2023). "Spellbinding Skalds: Music as Ritual in Nordic Neopaganism". In <a href="/wiki/Sravana_Borkataky-Varma" title="Sravana Borkataky-Varma">Borkataky-Varma, Sravana</a>; Ullrey, Aaron Michael (eds.). <i>Living Folk Religions</i>. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 191–203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003257462-15">10.4324/9781003257462-15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-032-19040-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-032-19040-2"><bdi>978-1-032-19040-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spellbinding+Skalds%3A+Music+as+Ritual+in+Nordic+Neopaganism&rft.btitle=Living+Folk+Religions&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=191-203&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003257462-15&rft.isbn=978-1-032-19040-2&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Padraic&rft.au=Nordvig%2C+Mathias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">François, Stéphane (2006). <i>La Musique europaïenne. Ethnographie politique d'une subculture de droite</i> (in French). Paris: Harmattan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-296-01591-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-296-01591-3"><bdi>2-296-01591-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Musique+europa%C3%AFenne.+Ethnographie+politique+d%27une+subculture+de+droite&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Harmattan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=2-296-01591-3&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranholm2011" class="citation journal cs1">Granholm, Kennet (2011). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sons of Northern Darkness': Heathen Influences in Black Metal and Neofolk Music". <i><a href="/wiki/Numen_(journal)" title="Numen (journal)">Numen</a></i>. <b>58</b> (4): 514–544. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156852711x577069">10.1163/156852711x577069</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Numen&rft.atitle=%27Sons+of+Northern+Darkness%27%3A+Heathen+Influences+in+Black+Metal+and+Neofolk+Music&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=514-544&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156852711x577069&rft.aulast=Granholm&rft.aufirst=Kennet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLetcher2001" class="citation thesis cs1">Letcher, Andrew James (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393344"><i>The role of the bard in contemporary Pagan movements</i></a> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+role+of+the+bard+in+contemporary+Pagan+movements&rft.inst=University+of+Southampton&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Letcher&rft.aufirst=Andrew+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fuin%3Duk.bl.ethos.393344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaglioccoTannen1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabina_Magliocco" title="Sabina Magliocco">Magliocco, Sabina</a>; Tannen, Holly (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/150896">"The Real Old-Time Religion: Towards an Aesthetics of Neo-Pagan Song"</a>. <i>Ethnologies</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 175–201.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnologies&rft.atitle=The+Real+Old-Time+Religion%3A+Towards+an+Aesthetics+of+Neo-Pagan+Song&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=175-201&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Magliocco&rft.aufirst=Sabina&rft.au=Tannen%2C+Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F150896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeidl2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seidl, Roman (2008). <i>Ideologie im Black Metal. Eine psychologische Analyse zu Neuheidentum und rechtsextremer Gesinnung</i> (in German). Saarbrücken: AV Akademikerverlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3836456494" title="Special:BookSources/978-3836456494"><bdi>978-3836456494</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideologie+im+Black+Metal.+Eine+psychologische+Analyse+zu+Neuheidentum+und+rechtsextremer+Gesinnung&rft.place=Saarbr%C3%BCcken&rft.pub=AV+Akademikerverlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3836456494&rft.aulast=Seidl&rft.aufirst=Roman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestonBennett2014" class="citation book cs1">Weston, Donna; Bennett, Andy (2014). <i>Pop Pagans : Paganism and Popular Music</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844656479" title="Special:BookSources/9781844656479"><bdi>9781844656479</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+Pagans+%3A+Paganism+and+Popular+Music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781844656479&rft.aulast=Weston&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Andy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+pagan+music" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Neopaganism" title="Template:Neopaganism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neopaganism" title="Template talk:Neopaganism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neopaganism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neopaganism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_paganism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern paganism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#c1c1c1;">Approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_paganism" title="Eclectic paganism">Eclectic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_religion" title="Nature religion">Nature religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism_and_New_Age" title="Modern paganism and New Age">New Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_paganism" title="Secular paganism">Secular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pagan_religions_symbols_-_3_rows.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pagan_religions_symbols_-_3_rows.png/50px-Pagan_religions_symbols_-_3_rows.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pagan_religions_symbols_-_3_rows.png/75px-Pagan_religions_symbols_-_3_rows.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pagan_religions_symbols_-_3_rows.png/100px-Pagan_religions_symbols_-_3_rows.png 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="608" /></a></span><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#c1c1c1;">Arts and institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neo-pagan_festivals_and_events" title="List of neo-pagan festivals and events">Festivals and events</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_temples" title="List of modern pagan temples">Temples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#c1c1c1;">By country or region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism_in_German-speaking_Europe" title="Modern paganism in German-speaking Europe">German-speaking Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_Hungary" title="Neopaganism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-paganism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Neo-paganism in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_Italy" title="Neopaganism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism_in_Scandinavia" title="Modern paganism in Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_South_Africa" title="Neopaganism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Modern paganism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern paganism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_Minnesota" title="Neopaganism in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#c1c1c1;">Movements (<a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#c1c1c1;">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ausar_Auset_Society" title="Ausar Auset Society">Ausar Auset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Canarian (Berber)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian-Scythian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Wicca</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Daco-Thracian (Romanian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kemetic_Orthodoxy" title="Kemetic Orthodoxy">Kemetic Orthodoxy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitic_neopaganism" title="Semitic neopaganism">Semitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slavic_Native_Faith_organisations" title="List of Slavic Native Faith organisations">Rodnovery (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Ukrainian_National_Faith" title="Native Ukrainian National Faith">RUNVira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterburgian_Vedism" title="Peterburgian Vedism">Peterburgian Vedism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ynglism" title="Ynglism">Ynglism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Turko-Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tengrist_movements" title="List of Tengrist movements">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuism" title="Zuism">Zuism</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Interfaith: <a href="/wiki/European_Congress_of_Ethnic_Religions" title="European Congress of Ethnic Religions">European Congress of Ethnic Religions</a> · <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Traditional_Religions" title="Foundation for Traditional Religions">Foundation for Traditional Religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#c1c1c1;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adonism" title="Adonism">Adonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christo-Paganism" title="Christo-Paganism">Christo-Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_All_Worlds" title="Church of All Worlds">Church of All Worlds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Aphrodite" title="Church of Aphrodite">Church of Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_Unitarian_Universalist_Pagans" title="Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans">Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovism" title="Ivanovism">Ivanovism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Federation" title="Pagan Federation">Pagan Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringing_Cedars%27_Anastasianism" title="Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism">Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_paganism" title="Secular paganism">Secular paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Priapus" title="Temple of Priapus">Temple of Priapus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Neopagan witchcraft">Neopagan witchcraft</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochrane%27s_Craft" title="Cochrane's Craft">Cochranianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feri_Tradition" title="Feri Tradition">Feri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Reclaiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stregheria" title="Stregheria">Stregheria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#c1c1c1;">In society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_modern_paganism" title="Criticism of modern paganism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-paganism" title="Crypto-paganism">Crypto-paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pagan_views_on_LGBT_people" title="Modern pagan views on LGBT people">LGBTQ+ and paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_studies" title="Pagan studies">Pagan studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technopaganism" title="Technopaganism">Technopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writers_on_modern_paganism" title="List of writers on modern paganism">Writers on modern paganism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#c1c1c1;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariosophy" title="Ariosophy">Ariosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch-cult_hypothesis" title="Witch-cult hypothesis">Witch-cult hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotribalism" title="Neotribalism">Neotribalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonism_in_the_Renaissance" title="Platonism in the Renaissance">Platonism in the Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(perennialism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School (perennialism)">Traditionalist School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religious_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_music" title="Template:Religious music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religious_music" title="Template talk:Religious music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religious_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religious music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_music" title="Religious music">Religious music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_music" title="Hindu music">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Jewish_music" title="Religious Jewish music">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopagan_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopagan music">Neopagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafarian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastafarian music">Rastafarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_music" title="Shinto music">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_music" title="Sikh music">Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_music" title="Taoist 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