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<li id="toc-Disease_stages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disease_stages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Disease stages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disease_stages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_options" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_options"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Treatment options</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_options-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaccine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaccine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vaccine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaccine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lentiviral_vector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lentiviral_vector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Lentiviral vector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lentiviral_vector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_and_spread" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_and_spread"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Origin and spread</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_spread-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wild_felids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wild_felids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Wild felids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wild_felids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_felids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_felids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Domestic felids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_felids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_feline_leukemia_virus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_feline_leukemia_virus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Comparison with feline leukemia virus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_feline_leukemia_virus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>General and cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Feline immunodeficiency virus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B7" title="فيروس نقص المناعة لدى القطط – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيروس نقص المناعة لدى القطط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_de_la_immunodefici%C3%A8ncia_felina" title="Virus de la immunodeficiència felina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Virus de la immunodeficiència felina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIV" title="FIV – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="FIV" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIV" title="FIV – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="FIV" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felines_Immundefizienz-Virus" title="Felines Immundefizienz-Virus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Felines Immundefizienz-Virus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasside_immuunpuudulikkuse_viirus" title="Kasside immuunpuudulikkuse viirus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasside immuunpuudulikkuse viirus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_de_inmunodeficiencia_felina" title="Virus de inmunodeficiencia felina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Virus de inmunodeficiencia felina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusa_imunodeficito_de_katoj" title="Virusa imunodeficito de katoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virusa imunodeficito de katoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B5_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ویروس نقص ایمنی گربه‌سانان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویروس نقص ایمنی گربه‌سانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_de_l%27immunod%C3%A9ficience_f%C3%A9line" title="Virus de l'immunodéficience féline – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Virus de l'immunodéficience féline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADreas_easpa_imdh%C3%ADonachta_cat%C3%BAil" title="Víreas easpa imdhíonachta catúil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Víreas easpa imdhíonachta catúil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%96%91%EC%9D%B4_%EB%A9%B4%EC%97%AD%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%8D%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="고양이 면역결핍바이러스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고양이 면역결핍바이러스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="फेलिन इम्यूनोडिफिसिएन्सी वाइरस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फेलिन इम्यूनोडिफिसिएन्सी वाइरस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_imunodefisiensi_kucing" title="Virus imunodefisiensi kucing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Virus imunodefisiensi kucing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_dell%27immunodeficienza_felina" title="Virus dell'immunodeficienza felina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Virus dell'immunodeficienza felina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIV" title="FIV – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="FIV" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_de_l%27Imunodeficienza_Felin" title="Virus de l'Imunodeficienza Felin – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Virus de l'Imunodeficienza Felin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macska_immundeficiencia-v%C3%ADrus" title="Macska immundeficiencia-vírus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Macska immundeficiencia-vírus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B7" title="فيروس نقص المناعة القطط – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيروس نقص المناعة القطط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felien_immunodefici%C3%ABntievirus" title="Felien immunodeficiëntievirus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Felien immunodeficiëntievirus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%BE%8C%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%A8%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4" title="猫後天性免疫不全症候群 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="猫後天性免疫不全症候群" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirus_nabytego_niedoboru_immunologicznego_kot%C3%B3w" title="Wirus nabytego niedoboru immunologicznego kotów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wirus nabytego niedoboru immunologicznego kotów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aids_felina_(fiv)" title="Aids felina (fiv) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aids felina (fiv)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Вирус иммунодефицита кошек – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вирус иммунодефицита кошек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Feline immunodeficiency virus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADrusov%C3%A1_imunodeficiencia_ma%C4%8Diek" title="Vírusová imunodeficiencia mačiek – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vírusová imunodeficiencia mačiek" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissan_immuunikatovirus" title="Kissan immuunikatovirus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kissan immuunikatovirus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Feline immunodeficiency virus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedi_imm%C3%BCn_yetmezlik_vir%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Kedi immün yetmezlik virüsü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kedi immün yetmezlik virüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Вірус імунодефіциту котів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вірус імунодефіциту котів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of virus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"FIV" redirects here. For the Federazione Italiana Vela, see <a href="/wiki/Italian_Sailing_Federation" title="Italian Sailing Federation">Italian Sailing Federation</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">FIP</a>, another feline disease caused by a virus that attacks the immune system.</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)">Feline immunodeficiency virus </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_4fiv_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PDB_4fiv_EBI.jpg/220px-PDB_4fiv_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PDB_4fiv_EBI.jpg/330px-PDB_4fiv_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PDB_4fiv_EBI.jpg/440px-PDB_4fiv_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="460" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)"><a href="/wiki/Virus_classification" title="Virus classification">Virus classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Lentivirus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>(unranked): </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Realm</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria"><i>Riboviria</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Revtraviricetes" title="Revtraviricetes"><i>Pararnavirae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Revtraviricetes" title="Revtraviricetes"><i>Artverviricota</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Revtraviricetes" title="Revtraviricetes"><i>Revtraviricetes</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ortervirales" title="Ortervirales"><i>Ortervirales</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retrovirus" title="Retrovirus"><i>Retroviridae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lentivirus" title="Lentivirus"><i>Lentivirus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>Feline immunodeficiency virus</b></i></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Feline immunodeficiency virus</b> (<b>FIV</b>) is a <i><a href="/wiki/Lentivirus" title="Lentivirus">Lentivirus</a></i> that affects <a href="/wiki/Cats" class="mw-redirect" title="Cats">cats</a> worldwide, with 2.5% to 4.4%<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">felines</a> being infected. </p><p>FIV was first <a href="/wiki/Isolation_(microbiology)" title="Isolation (microbiology)">isolated</a> in 1986, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niels_C_Pedersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niels C Pedersen (page does not exist)">Niels C Pedersen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Janet_K._Yamamoto" title="Janet K. Yamamoto">Janet K. Yamamoto</a> at the <a href="/wiki/UC_Davis_School_of_Veterinary_Medicine" title="UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine">UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine</a> in a colony of cats that had a high prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Opportunistic_infection" title="Opportunistic infection">opportunistic infections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Degenerative_disease" title="Degenerative disease">degenerative conditions</a> and was originally called Feline T-lymphotropic virus.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has since been identified in <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">domestic cats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zislin,_A_2005_219_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zislin,_A_2005_219-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FIV compromises the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> of cats by infecting many cell types, including <a href="/wiki/CD4%2B_T_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="CD4+ T cell">CD4+</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell" title="Cytotoxic T cell">CD8+ T</a> <a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">lymphocytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B lymphocytes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophages</a>. FIV can be tolerated well by cats, but can eventually lead to debilitation of the immune system in its feline hosts by the infection and exhaustion of T-helper (CD4+) cells. </p><p>FIV and HIV are both <a href="/wiki/Lentivirus" title="Lentivirus">lentiviruses</a>. However, humans cannot be infected by FIV, nor can cats be infected by HIV. FIV is transmitted primarily through deep bite wounds, where the virus present in the infected cat's saliva enters the <a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">body tissues</a> of another cat. FIV-positive cats can share water bowls, food bowls (for both wet and dry cat food), and use the same litter box with low danger of transmitting the disease. A vigilant pet owner who treats <a href="/wiki/Secondary_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary infection">secondary infections</a> can allow an infected cat to live a reasonably long life. The chance that an FIV-infected cat will pass the virus to other cats within a household is low, unless there is fighting between cats, or wounds present that could allow entry of the virus from infected to non-infected cat. </p><p>Newborn kittens may test positive for up to six months and most thereafter will gradually test negative. It is thought that this is due to <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">antibodies</a> transferred to the kittens via the mother's <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>. However these antibodies are transient so subsequent testing will be negative. Once they have received vaccinations against FIV, they will, in the future, always test positive, as the various blood tests detect and show the antibodies that have developed in response to the vaccination. </p><p>FIV is known in other feline species, and in fact is <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(epidemiology)" title="Endemic (epidemiology)">endemic</a> in some large wild cats, such as <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lions</a>. Three main <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clades</a> of FIV are recognized as of 2006, FIV-Ple (lion), FIV-Fca (domestic cat), and FIV-Pco (<a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">puma</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The host boundaries are usually well-kept due to the limited types of <a href="/wiki/APOBEC3" class="mw-redirect" title="APOBEC3">APOBEC3</a> enzymes <a href="/wiki/Viral_infectivity_factor" title="Viral infectivity factor">viral infectivity factor</a> can neutralize.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Talk:Feline immunodeficiency virus">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_States">In the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Consensus in the United States on whether there is a need to <a href="/wiki/Animal_euthanasia" title="Animal euthanasia">euthanize</a> FIV-infected cats has not been established. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_of_Feline_Practitioners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Association of Feline Practitioners (page does not exist)">American Association of Feline Practitioners</a> (an organization in the United States), as well as many <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">feral cat</a> organizations, recommends against euthanizing FIV-positive cats, or even spending funds to test for the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathology">Pathology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pathology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The virus gains entry to <a href="/wiki/Host_(biology)" title="Host (biology)">host</a> cells through the interaction of its own envelope <a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">glycoproteins</a> with the target cells' surface <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptors</a>. First, the SU glycoprotein binds to <a href="/wiki/CD134" title="CD134">CD134</a>, a receptor on the host cell. This initial binding changes the shape of the SU protein to one that facilitates interaction between SU and the <a href="/wiki/Chemokine_receptor" title="Chemokine receptor">chemokine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/CXCR4" title="CXCR4">CXCR4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This interaction causes the <a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">viral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cell_membrane" title="Cell membrane">cellular membranes</a> to fuse, allowing the transfer of the <a href="/wiki/RNA_virus" title="RNA virus">viral RNA</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">cytoplasm</a>, where it is reverse <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(biology)" title="Transcription (biology)">transcribed</a> and integrated into the cellular <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> through <a href="/wiki/Nonhomologous_recombination" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonhomologous recombination">nonhomologous recombination</a>. Once integrated into the host cell's genome, the virus can lay dormant in the asymptomatic stage for extended periods of time without being detected by the immune system or can cause <a href="/wiki/Lysis" title="Lysis">lysis</a> of the cell.<sup id="cite_ref-Lecollinet_2007_167–190_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lecollinet_2007_167–190-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hartmann_2011_190–201_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartmann_2011_190–201-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CD134 is predominantly found on activated <a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cells</a> and binds to <a href="/wiki/OX40_ligand" title="OX40 ligand">OX40 ligand</a>, causing T-cell stimulation, proliferation, activation, and <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a> (3). This leads to a significant drop in cells that have critical roles in the immune system. Low levels of CD4+ and other affected immune system cells cause the cat to be susceptible to opportunistic diseases once the disease progresses to feline acquired immune deficiency syndrome (FAIDS).<sup id="cite_ref-Yamamoto_2010_14–25=15_November_2011_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamamoto_2010_14–25=15_November_2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transmission">Transmission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transmission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary mode of transmission is via deep bite wounds, in which the infected cat's saliva enters the other cat's tissues. FIV may also be transmitted from pregnant females to their offspring in utero; however, this <a href="/wiki/Vertical_transmission" title="Vertical transmission">vertical transmission</a> is considered to be relatively rare, based on the small number of FIV-infected kittens and adolescents.<sup id="cite_ref-cornellfiv_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cornellfiv-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yamamoto_2010_14–25=15_November_2011_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamamoto_2010_14–25=15_November_2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This differs from <a href="/wiki/FeLV" class="mw-redirect" title="FeLV">FeLV</a>, which may be spread by more casual, non-aggressive contact, such as <a href="/wiki/Social_grooming" title="Social grooming">mutual grooming</a> and sharing of food bowls.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Risk factors for infection include male sex, adulthood, and outdoor access. One case study conducted in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> found that 75% of FIV-infected cats were males. Higher rates of infection in males than females occurs due to biting being more frequently engaged in by males defending their territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartmann_2011_190–201_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartmann_2011_190–201-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disease_stages">Disease stages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Disease stages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FIV progresses through similar stages to HIV. The initial stage, or acute phase, is accompanied by mild symptoms such as <a href="/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatigue (medical)">lethargy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anorexia_(symptom)" title="Anorexia (symptom)">anorexia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrexia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrexia">fever</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lymphadenopathy" title="Lymphadenopathy">lymphadenopathy</a> (swelling of the <a href="/wiki/Lymph_node" title="Lymph node">lymph nodes</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Yamamoto_2010_14–25=15_November_2011_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamamoto_2010_14–25=15_November_2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This initial stage is fairly short and is followed by the asymptomatic stage. Here the cat demonstrates no noticeable symptoms for a variable length of time. Some cats stay in this latent stage for only a few months, but for some it can last for years. Factors that influence the length of the asymptomatic stage include the <a href="/wiki/Pathogenicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathogenicity">pathogenicity</a> of the infecting virus and FIV subtype (A–E), the age of the cat, and exposure to other pathogens. Finally, the cat progresses into the final stage (known as the feline acquired immune deficiency syndrome (FAIDS) stage), wherein the cat is extremely susceptible to secondary diseases that inevitably are the cause of death.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartmann_2011_190–201_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartmann_2011_190–201-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Testing">Testing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veterinarians will check a cat's <a href="/wiki/Medical_history" title="Medical history">history</a>, look for <a href="/wiki/Clinical_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical signs">clinical signs</a>, and possibly administer a blood test for FIV <a href="/wiki/Antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibodies">antibodies</a>. FIV affects 2–3% of cats in the US and testing is readily available. This testing identifies those cats that carry the FIV antibody but does not detect the actual virus.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>"False positives" may occur when the cat carries the antibody (which is harmless) but does not carry the virus. The most frequent occurrence of this is when kittens are tested after ingesting the antibodies from mother's milk (<a href="/wiki/Passive_immunity" title="Passive immunity">passive immunity</a>), and when testing cats that have been previously vaccinated for FIV (<a href="/wiki/Active_immunity" class="mw-redirect" title="Active immunity">active immunity</a>). For this reason, neither kittens under eight weeks nor cats that have been previously vaccinated are tested. Kittens and young cats that test positive for the FIV antibody via <a href="/wiki/Passive_immunity" title="Passive immunity">passive immunity</a> test negative later in life due to <a href="/wiki/Seroreversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Seroreversion">seroreversion</a>, provided they have never been infected with FIV and have never been immunized with the FIV vaccine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Cats that have been vaccinated will test positive for the FIV antibody for the rest of their lives owing to <a href="/wiki/Seroconversion" title="Seroconversion">seroconversion</a>, even though they are not infected. Therefore, testing of strays or adopted cats is inconclusive, since it is impossible to know whether or not they have been vaccinated in the past. For these reasons, a positive FIV antibody test by itself should never be used as a criterion for <a href="/wiki/Animal_euthanasia" title="Animal euthanasia">euthanasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tests can be performed in a vet's office with results in minutes, allowing for quick consultation. Early detection helps maintain the cat's health and prevents spreading infection to other cats. With proper care, infected cats can live long and healthy lives.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment_options">Treatment options</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Treatment options"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> issued a conditional license for a new treatment aid termed <a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte_T-Cell_Immunomodulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator">Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator</a> (LTCI).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator is manufactured and distributed exclusively by T-Cyte Therapeutics, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-Label_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Label-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator is intended as an aid in the treatment of cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and/or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and the associated symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a> (reduced oxygen-carrying ability in the blood), <a href="/wiki/Opportunistic_infection" title="Opportunistic infection">opportunistic infection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lymphocytopenia" title="Lymphocytopenia">lymphocytopenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granulocyte#Clinical_significance" title="Granulocyte">granulocytopenia</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenia" title="Thrombocytopenia">thrombocytopenia</a> (low levels of <a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">lymphocytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granulocyte" title="Granulocyte">granulocytes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Platelet" title="Platelet">platelets</a> respectively, the first two are types of <a href="/wiki/White_blood_cell" title="White blood cell">white blood cell</a>). The absence of any observed adverse events in several animal species suggests that the product has a very low toxicity profile.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator is a potent regulator of CD-4 lymphocyte production and function.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been shown to increase lymphocyte numbers and <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">Interleukin 2</a> production in animals.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a single-chain <a href="/wiki/Polypeptide" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypeptide">polypeptide</a> and a strongly <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cationic</a> glycoprotein, and is purified with <a href="/wiki/Ion-exchange_resin" title="Ion-exchange resin">cation exchange resin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Protein_purification" title="Protein purification">Purification</a> of protein from <a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">bovine</a>-derived <a href="/wiki/Stromal_cell" title="Stromal cell">stromal cell</a> <a href="/wiki/Supernatant" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernatant">supernatants</a> produces a substantially homogeneous factor, free of extraneous materials. The bovine protein is homologous with other mammalian species and is a homogeneous 50 <a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">kDa</a> glycoprotein with an <a href="/wiki/Isoelectric_point" title="Isoelectric point">isoelectric point</a> of 6.5. The protein is prepared in a lyophilized (<a href="/wiki/Freeze-drying" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeze-drying">freeze-dried</a>) 1 <a href="/wiki/Microgram" title="Microgram">microgram</a> dose. Reconstitution in <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)" title="Sterilization (microbiology)">sterile</a> <a href="/wiki/Diluent" title="Diluent">diluent</a> produces a solution for <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcutaneous injection">subcutaneous injection</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaccine">Vaccine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vaccine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with HIV, the development of an effective vaccine against FIV is difficult because of the high number of, and differences between, variations of the <a href="/wiki/Virus_strain" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus strain">virus strains</a>. "Single-strain" vaccines, i.e., vaccines that only protect against a single virus variant, have already demonstrated a good efficacy against <a href="/wiki/Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">homologous</a> FIV strains. A dual-subtype vaccine for FIV released in 2002 called Fel-O-Vax made it possible to immunize cats against more FIV strains. It was developed using inactivated isolates of two of the five FIV subtypes (or <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clades</a>): A Petaluma and D Shizuoka.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vaccine was shown to be moderately protective (82% of cats were protected) against subtype A FIV,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but a later study showed it to offer no protection against subtype A.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has shown 100% effectiveness against two different subtype B FIV strains.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaccination will cause cats to have positive results on FIV tests, making diagnosis more difficult. For these reasons the vaccine is considered "non-core", and the decision to vaccinate should be made after discussion with a veterinarian and consideration of the risks vs. the effectiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FIV_genome_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/FIV_genome_2013.jpg/220px-FIV_genome_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/FIV_genome_2013.jpg/330px-FIV_genome_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/FIV_genome_2013.jpg/440px-FIV_genome_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1846" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">Genome</a> structure of FIV based on available data 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>FIV displays a similar structure to the primate and ungulate lentiviruses. The virion has a diameter from 80 to 100 nanometers and is <a href="/wiki/Pleomorphism_(microbiology)" title="Pleomorphism (microbiology)">pleomorphic</a>. The viral envelope also has surface projections that are small, 8 nm, and evenly cover the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-Lecollinet_2007_167–190_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lecollinet_2007_167–190-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FIV virus genome is diploid. It consists of two identical single-strands of RNA in each case about 9400 nucleotides existing in plus-strand orientation. It has the typical genomic structure of retroviruses and includes LTR, <i>vif</i>, <i>pol</i>, <i>gag</i>, <i>orfA</i>, <i>env</i>, and <i>rev</i> genes.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gag polyprotein is cleaved into matrix (MA), capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. Cleavage between CA and NC releases a nine amino acid peptide, while cleavage at the C-terminus of NC releases a 2kDa fragment (p2). The Pol polyprotein is translated by ribosomal frame-shifting, a feature shared with HIV. Cleavage of Pol by the viral protease releases the protease itself (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT), deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase or DU) and integrase (IN). The Env polyprotein consists of a leader peptide (L), surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) glycoproteins. In common with other lentiviruses, the FIV genome encodes additional short open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the Vif and Rev proteins. An additional short ORF termed <i>orfA</i> (also known as <i>orf2</i>) precedes the <i>env</i> gene. The function of OrfA in viral replication is unclear, however the <i>orfA</i>-encoded product may display many of the attributes of HIV-1 accessory gene products such as Vpr, Vpu or Nef.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Among these subtypes, genetic sequences are mostly conserved; however, wide-ranging genetic differences exist between species specific FIV subtypes. Of FIV's genome, <i>Pol</i> is the most conserved across FIV strains along with <i>gag</i>. On the contrary, <i>env</i>, <i>vif</i>, <i>orfa</i>, and <i>rev</i> are the least conserved and exhibit the most genetic diversity among FIV strains.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The capsid protein derived from the polyprotein Gag is assembled into a viral core (the protein shell of a virus) and the matrix protein also derived from Gag forms a shell immediately inside of the lipid bilayer. The Env polyprotein encodes the surface glycoprotein (SU) and transmembrane glycoprotein (TM). Both SU and TM glycoproteins are heavily glycosylated, a characteristic that scientists believe may mask the B-cell epitopes of the Env glycoprotein giving the virus resistance to the virus neutralizing antibodies.<sup id="cite_ref-Lecollinet_2007_167–190_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lecollinet_2007_167–190-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lentiviral_vector">Lentiviral vector</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lentiviral vector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like HIV-1, FIV has been engineered into a <a href="/wiki/Viral_vector" title="Viral vector">viral vector</a> for gene therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-Poeschla,_E._1998_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poeschla,_E._1998-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other lentiviral vectors, FIV vectors integrate into the chromosome of the host cell, where it can generate long-term stable transgene expression. Furthermore, the vectors can be used on dividing and non-dividing cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Poeschla,_E._1998_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poeschla,_E._1998-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Optimization_of_Feline_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Vectors_for_RNA_Interference_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Optimization_of_Feline_Immunodeficiency_Virus_Vectors_for_RNA_Interference-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FIV vectors could potentially be used to treat neurological disorders like <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>, and have already been used for transfer RNAi, which may find use as gene therapy for cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-Development_and_applications_of_non-HIV-based_lentiviral_vectors_in_neurological_disorders._30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Development_and_applications_of_non-HIV-based_lentiviral_vectors_in_neurological_disorders.-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_spread">Origin and spread</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Origin and spread"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exact origins and emergence of FIV in felids is unknown; however, studies of viral phylogenetics, felidae speciation, and FIV occurrence alludes to origins in Africa. Analysis of viral phylogenetics shows phylogenetic trees with a starburst phylogenetic pattern which is usually demonstrated by viruses that are a recent emergence with rapid evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, differences in topology, branch lengths, high genetic divergence suggest a more ancient origin in felidae species. Fossil records indicate extant felids arose from a common ancestor in Asia approximately 10.8 million years ago, and since then thirty eight species from eight distinct evolutionary lineages have spread and successfully inhabited every continent but Antarctica.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite felidae origins in Asia, FIV is absent from felidae species in Asia except for the Mongolian Pallas cat; however, FIV is highly endemic in Africa with four out of five felids having seropositive PCR results.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the widespread occurrence and interspecies divergence of FIV strains in Africa, it's suggested that FIV arose in Africa before disseminating worldwide. The high genetic diversity and divergence between FIV strains in African felidae species and the presence of hyena FIV-Ccr, is consistent with a long residence time giving rise to increased opportunities for inter-species transmission among species. Additionally, lentiviruses are also highly endemic in Africa infecting not only felids, but also primates, and ungulate species. This suggests to the origins of all lentiviruses and supports FIV origins in Africa; however, further research is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The spread of FIV from Africa might have occurred during two points of felidae migration. The earliest migration across the Bering Strait into North America occurred approximately 4.5 million years ago during a period of low sea levels.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early felids in North America descended into seven species of the ocelot lineage, two species of the puma lineage, and four of the modern species of lynx.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent migration of Asian lions and jaguars across Eurasia into North and South America occurred during the Pliocene/early Pleistocene.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These migrations events increased opportunities for FIV transmission among felids and established infections globally for felidae species.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wild_felids">Wild felids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Wild felids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comparisons of FIV subtypes illustrate rapid evolution and highlights divergence in FIV strains. FIV-Pco, which is specific to American pumas, has two highly divergent subtypes.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several studies have demonstrated subtypes A and B to have long branch lengths and low geographic similarities which indicates the possibility of two separate FIV introductions into populations coupled with a long residence time.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late Pleistocene, pumas fell victim to the ice age, went extinct in North America except for a small inbred population in Florida, and did not re-emerge until 10-12,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phylogenetic analysis of FIV-Pco strains in Central, South, and North America show Central and South American strains are more closely related to North American strains than to each other.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests FIV-Pco was already present in South American pumas which repopulated North America.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In African lions, FIV-Ple has diverged in to six subtypes A-F which exhibit distinct geographical endemicity to some degree.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 2 million years ago, African lions arose and dispersed throughout Africa, Asia, and North, Central, and South America. Modern lions currently reside only on the African continent except for a small population in India.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no documented disease association of FIV, but seroprevalence in free- ranging lion populations are estimated to be roughly 90%.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phylogenetic analysis of FIV-Ple subtypes A, B, and C show high intra and interindividual genetic diversity and sequence divergence comparable to genetic differences to strains from other Felidae species.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These findings indicate these strains evolved in geographically distant lion populations; however, recent occurrences of these strains within populations in Serengeti National Park suggests recent convergence in the same population.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_felids">Domestic felids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Domestic felids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In domestic cats, FIV-Fca is pathogenic and can lead to feline AIDS symptoms and subsequent death. Phylogenetic analysis shows FIV to be a monophyletic branch that diverges into three subtypes A, B, and C.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic cats arose more recently than other felidae species approximately around 10,000 years ago from a subspecies of wildcat <i>Felis silvestris</i> which inhabited East Asia. Genetic analysis indicates lower genetic diversity of FIV in the domestic cat compared to wild Felidae species, higher evolutionary rates, and higher mortality rates when compared to FIV-Ple and FIV-Pco.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests the emergence of FIV in domestic cats was recent since newly emerged viruses tend to have higher evolutionary rates with little to no co-adaption between virus and new host species occurring.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, seroprevalence studies show companion cats to have a 4–12% occurrence while feral cats have an 8–19% prevalence which is much lower compared to wild felidae species which supports the hypothesis of FIV's recent emergence in this species.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_feline_leukemia_virus">Comparison with feline leukemia virus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Comparison with feline leukemia virus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FIV and <a href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">feline leukemia virus</a> (FeLV) are sometimes mistaken for one another though the viruses differ in many ways. Although they are both in the same retroviral subfamily (orthoretrovirinae), they are classified in different genera (FeLV is a gamma-retrovirus and FIV is a lentivirus like HIV-1). Their shapes are quite different: FeLV is more circular while FIV is elongated. The two viruses are also quite different genetically, and their protein coats differ in size and composition. Although many of the diseases caused by FeLV and FIV are similar, the specific ways in which they are caused actually differ. Also, while the feline leukemia virus may cause symptomatic illness in an infected cat, an FIV-infected cat can remain completely asymptomatic its entire lifetime.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Feline vaccination</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFValéria_Maria_LaraSueli_Akemi_TaniwakiJoão_Pessoa_Araújo_Júnior2008" class="citation cs2">Valéria Maria Lara; 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Seroprevalence+and+Genomic+Divergence+of+Circulating+Strains+of+Feline+Immunodeficiency+Virus+among+Felidae+and+Hyaenidae+Species&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=8282-8294&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1143723%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0022-538X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15956574&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FJVI.79.13.8282-8294.2005&rft.aulast=Troyer&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+L.&rft.au=Pecon-Slattery%2C+Jill&rft.au=Roelke%2C+Melody+E.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Warren&rft.au=VandeWoude%2C+Sue&rft.au=Vazquez-Salat%2C+Nuria&rft.au=Brown%2C+Meredith&rft.au=Frank%2C+Laurence&rft.au=Woodroffe%2C+Rosie&rft.au=Winterbach%2C+Christiaan&rft.au=Winterbach%2C+Hanlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1143723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeline+immunodeficiency+virus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: General and cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2005" class="citation cs2">Johnson (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/acvp/2005/Johnson/chapter.asp?LA=1"><i>Proceedings</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Johnson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivis.org%2Fproceedings%2Facvp%2F2005%2FJohnson%2Fchapter.asp%3FLA%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeline+immunodeficiency+virus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMight2004" class="citation cs2">Might, Jennifer Lynne (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060202182118/http://www.blackgiraffe.com/jmight/fiv/fiv.html"><i>Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackgiraffe.com/jmight/fiv/fiv.html">the original</a> on 2006-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-01-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feline+Immunodeficiency+Virus+%28FIV%29&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Might&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+Lynne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackgiraffe.com%2Fjmight%2Ffiv%2Ffiv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeline+immunodeficiency+virus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWise2005" class="citation cs2">Wise (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ivis.org/advances/carter/Part2Chap15/chapter.asp?LA=1#fel_immuno"><i>Chapter</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chapter&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Wise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivis.org%2Fadvances%2Fcarter%2FPart2Chap15%2Fchapter.asp%3FLA%3D1%23fel_immuno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeline+immunodeficiency+virus" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Lion_Research_Center2005" class="citation cs2">The Lion Research Center (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801164128/http://www.lionresearch.org/current_docs/fiv.html"><i>FIV in African Lions</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lionresearch.org/current_docs/fiv.html">the original</a> on 2008-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-22</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FIV+in+African+Lions&rft.date=2005&rft.au=The+Lion+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lionresearch.org%2Fcurrent_docs%2Ffiv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeline+immunodeficiency+virus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlley_Cat_Allies2001" class="citation cs2">Alley Cat Allies (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alleycat.org/document.doc?id=157"><i>Should we release FIV+ cats?</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-17</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Should+we+release+FIV%2B+cats%3F&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Alley+Cat+Allies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alleycat.org%2Fdocument.doc%3Fid%3D157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeline+immunodeficiency+virus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feline_immunodeficiency_virus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcyte.com">Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator (LTCI)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikivet.net/Feline_Immunodeficiency_Virus">WikiVet Review Feline Immunodeficiency Virus</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">(<a href="/wiki/SsRNA-RT_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="SsRNA-RT virus">ssRNA-RT viruses</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Belpaoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Belpaoviridae">Belpaoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Semotivirus" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Semotivirus" title="Semotivirus">Semotivirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans_Cer13_virus" title="Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus">Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Metaviridae" title="Metaviridae">Metaviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Errantivirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Errantivirus (page does not exist)">Errantivirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Metavirus" title="Metavirus">Metavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans_Cer1_virus" title="Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus">Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoviridae" title="Pseudoviridae">Pseudoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemivirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemivirus (page does not exist)">Hemivirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudovirus_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudovirus (genus)">Pseudovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirevirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirevirus (page does not exist)">Sirevirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Retrovirus" title="Retrovirus">Retroviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthoretrovirinae" title="Orthoretrovirinae">Orthoretrovirinae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Alpharetrovirus" title="Alpharetrovirus">Alpharetrovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avian_sarcoma_leukosis_virus" title="Avian sarcoma leukosis virus">Avian sarcoma leukosis virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rous_sarcoma_virus" title="Rous sarcoma virus">Rous sarcoma virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Betaretrovirus" title="Betaretrovirus">Betaretrovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mouse_mammary_tumor_virus" title="Mouse mammary tumor virus">Mouse mammary tumor virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaagsiekte_sheep_retrovirus" title="Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus">Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Deltaretrovirus" title="Deltaretrovirus">Deltaretrovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Human T-lymphotropic virus">Human T-lymphotropic virus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus_1" title="Human T-lymphotropic virus 1">HTLV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus_2" title="Human T-lymphotropic virus 2">HTLV-2</a>, 3, 4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simian-T-lymphotropic_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Simian-T-lymphotropic virus">Simian-T-lymphotropic virus</a> (types 1-4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bovine_leukemia_virus" title="Bovine leukemia virus">Bovine leukemia virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Epsilonretrovirus" title="Epsilonretrovirus">Epsilonretrovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walleye_epidermal_hyperplasia_virus" title="Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus">Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Gammaretrovirus" title="Gammaretrovirus">Gammaretrovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murine_leukemia_virus" title="Murine leukemia virus">Murine leukemia virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abelson_murine_leukemia_virus" title="Abelson murine leukemia virus">Abelson murine leukemia virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend_virus" title="Friend virus">Friend virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">Feline leukemia virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koala_retrovirus" title="Koala retrovirus">Koala retrovirus</a> (KoRV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenotropic_murine_leukemia_virus-related_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus">Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lentivirus" title="Lentivirus">Lentivirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> (human immunodeficiency viruses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simian_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Simian immunodeficiency virus">Simian immunodeficiency viruses</a> (SIV)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Feline immunodeficiency virus</a> (FIV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puma_lentivirus" title="Puma lentivirus">Puma lentivirus</a> (PLV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equine_infectious_anemia" title="Equine infectious anemia">Equine infectious anemia virus</a> (EIAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bovine_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Bovine immunodeficiency virus">Bovine immunodeficiency virus</a> (BIV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprine_arthritis_encephalitis_virus" title="Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus">Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visna-maedi_virus" title="Visna-maedi virus">Visna-maedi virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Spumaretrovirinae" title="Spumaretrovirinae">Spumaretrovirinae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bovispumavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bovispumavirus (page does not exist)">Bovispumavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equispumavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equispumavirus (page does not exist)">Equispumavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felispumavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felispumavirus (page does not exist)">Felispumavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feline_foamy_virus" title="Feline foamy virus">Feline foamy virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prosimiispumavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prosimiispumavirus (page does not exist)">Prosimiispumavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simiispumavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simiispumavirus (page does not exist)">Simiispumavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simian_foamy_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Simian foamy virus">Simian foamy virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_foamy_virus" title="Human foamy virus">Human foamy virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(<a href="/wiki/DsDNA-RT_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="DsDNA-RT virus">dsDNA-RT viruses</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Caulimoviridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caulimoviridae" title="Caulimoviridae">Caulimoviridae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Badnavirus" title="Badnavirus">Badnavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_streak_MY_virus" title="Banana streak MY virus">Banana streak MY virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacao_swollen_shoot_virus" title="Cacao swollen shoot virus">Cacao swollen shoot virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanchoe_top-spotting_virus" title="Kalanchoe top-spotting virus">Kalanchoe top-spotting virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubus_yellow_net_virus" title="Rubus yellow net virus">Rubus yellow net virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caulimovirus" title="Caulimovirus">Caulimovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_etched_ring_virus" title="Carnation etched ring virus">Carnation etched ring virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauliflower_mosaic_virus" title="Cauliflower mosaic virus">Cauliflower mosaic virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_vein_banding_virus" title="Strawberry vein banding virus">Strawberry vein banding virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cavemovirus" title="Cavemovirus">Cavemovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassava_vein_mosaic_virus" title="Cassava vein mosaic virus">Cassava vein mosaic virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dioscovirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dioscovirus (page does not exist)">Dioscovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Petuvirus" title="Petuvirus">Petuvirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosadnavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosadnavirus (page does not exist)">Rosadnavirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruflodivirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruflodivirus (page does not exist)">Ruflodivirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Solendovirus" title="Solendovirus">Solendovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Soymovirus" title="Soymovirus">Soymovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_chlorotic_mottle_virus" title="Soybean chlorotic mottle virus">Soybean chlorotic mottle virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tungrovirus" title="Tungrovirus">Tungrovirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaccinivirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaccinivirus (page does not exist)">Vaccinivirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endogenous_retrovirus" title="Endogenous retrovirus">Endogenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ERV-Fc" title="ERV-Fc">ERV-Fc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncytin-1" title="Syncytin-1">ERVWE1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCP5" title="HCP5">HCP5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_teratocarcinoma-derived_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Human teratocarcinoma-derived virus">Human teratocarcinoma-derived virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Endogenous_Retrovirus-W" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W">Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Domestic_cats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Template:Domestic cat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Domestic_cat" title="Template talk:Domestic cat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic cat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Domestic_cats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felinology" title="Felinology">Felinology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_cat" title="Dwarf cat">Dwarf cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd-eyed_cat" title="Odd-eyed cat">Odd-eyed cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squitten" title="Squitten">Squitten</a></li> <li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Coat genetics</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicolor_cat" title="Bicolor cat">Bicolor cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico_cat" title="Calico cat">Calico cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">Tabby cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat" title="Tortoiseshell cat">Tortoiseshell cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats" title="Aging in cats">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">Declawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dental_health_diets_for_cats" title="Dental health diets for cats">dental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_cat_diet" title="Senior cat diet">senior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Behavior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%E2%80%93dog_relationship" title="Cat–dog relationship">Cat–dog relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Catfight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catnip" title="Catnip">Catnip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">valerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meow" title="Meow">Meow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">Purr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneading_(cats)" title="Kneading (cats)">Kneading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Play and toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">Righting reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Senses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats" title="Human interaction with cats">Human–cat<br />interaction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia">Ailurophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_caf%C3%A9" title="Cat café">Cat cafés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_killers" title="Category:Cat killers">Cat killers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_massage" title="Cat massage">Cat massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease" title="Cat-scratch disease">Cat-scratch disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_felines" title="List of fictional felines">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_and_the_Internet" title="Cats and the Internet">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog-like_cat" title="Dog-like cat">Dog-like cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_cats" title="Islam and cats">Cats and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cat_Day" title="National Cat Day">National Cat Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">Pet cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_cat" title="Working cat">Working cat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_cat" title="Bodega cat">Bodega cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">Farm cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_cat" title="Library cat">Library cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">Ship's cat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_zoonosis" title="Feline zoonosis">Zoonosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">Registries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Cat_Fanciers_Association" title="American Cat Fanciers Association">American Cat Fanciers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associazione_Nazionale_Felina_Italiana" title="Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana">Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association" title="Canadian Cat Association">Canadian Cat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Aficionado_Association" title="Cat Aficionado Association">Cat Aficionado Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">Fédération Internationale Féline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cat_Fancy" title="New Zealand Cat Fancy">New Zealand Cat Fancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Cat_Council" title="Southern Africa Cat Council">Southern Africa Cat Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Congress" title="World Cat Congress">World Cat Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Federation" title="World Cat Federation">World Cat Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breeds<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">full list</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_experimental_cat_breeds" title="List of experimental cat breeds">experimental</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fully<br />domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_cat" title="Abyssinian cat">Abyssinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Curl" title="American Curl">American Curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Shorthair" title="American Shorthair">American Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cat" title="Balinese cat">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Shorthair" title="Brazilian Shorthair">Brazilian Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_cat" title="Bombay cat">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cat" title="Burmese cat">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmilla" title="Burmilla">Burmilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Spangled" title="California Spangled">California Spangled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartreux" title="Chartreux">Chartreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Li" title="Dragon Li">Chinese Li Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorpoint_Shorthair" title="Colorpoint Shorthair">Colorpoint Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Rex" title="Cornish Rex">Cornish Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymric_cat" title="Cymric cat">Cymric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donskoy_cat" title="Donskoy cat">Donskoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Shorthair" title="European Shorthair">European Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldex_cat" title="Foldex cat">Foldex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Rex" title="German Rex">German Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_cat" title="Himalayan cat">Himalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail" title="Japanese Bobtail">Japanese Bobtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cat" title="Javanese cat">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_Manee" title="Khao Manee">Khao Manee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korat" title="Korat">Korat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurilian_Bobtail" title="Kurilian Bobtail">Kurilian Bobtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykoi" title="Lykoi">Lykoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_cat" title="Manx cat">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchkin_cat" title="Munchkin cat">Munchkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neva_Masquerade" title="Neva Masquerade">Neva Masquerade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Forest cat">Norwegian Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat">Ocicat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojos_Azules" title="Ojos Azules">Ojos Azules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_cat" title="Persian cat">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie-bob" title="Pixie-bob">Pixie-bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragdoll" title="Ragdoll">Ragdoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_cat" title="Ragamuffin cat">Ragamuffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Blue" title="Russian Blue">Russian Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkirk_Rex" title="Selkirk Rex">Selkirk Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat">Siamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_cat" title="Siberian cat">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapura_cat" title="Singapura cat">Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_cat" title="Snowshoe cat">Snowshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cat" title="Somali cat">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphynx_cat" title="Sphynx cat">Sphynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cat" title="Thai cat">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Persian" title="Traditional Persian">Traditional Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkinese_cat" title="Tonkinese cat">Tonkinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyger" title="Toyger">Toyger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_cat" title="Bengal cat">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausie" title="Chausie">Chausie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlander_cat" title="Highlander cat">Highlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_cat" title="Savannah cat">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serengeti_cat" title="Serengeti cat">Serengeti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">Landraces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_cat" title="Aegean cat">Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_cat" title="Cyprus cat">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellas_cat" title="Kellas cat">Kellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoke" title="Sokoke">Sokoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_cat" title="Van cat">Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases" title="List of feline diseases">Diseases and<br />disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feline_acne" title="Feline acne">Acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_asthma" title="Feline asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_calicivirus" title="Feline calicivirus">Calicivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_sensorineural_deafness_in_cats" title="Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats">Congenital sensorineural deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_corneal_sequestrum" title="Feline corneal sequestrum">Feline corneal sequestrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_flea" title="Cat flea">Flea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccidia" title="Coccidia">Coccidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis" title="Dirofilaria immitis">Heartworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_hepatic_lipidosis" title="Feline hepatic lipidosis">Hepatic lipidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Related_disorders" title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Immunodeficiency virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">Infectious peritonitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">Leukemia virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_lower_urinary_tract_disease" title="Feline lower urinary tract disease">Lower urinary tract disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_protoparvovirus_1" title="Carnivore protoparvovirus 1">Panleukopenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis">Giardiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat" title="Polydactyl cat">Polydactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_in_animals" title="Rabies in animals">Rabies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatophytosis" title="Dermatophytosis">Ringworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritrichomonas_foetus" title="Tritrichomonas foetus">Tritrichomonas foetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxocara_cati" title="Toxocara cati">Roundworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_skin_disorders" title="Cat skin disorders">Skin disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">Toxoplasmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis" title="Feline viral rhinotracheitis">Viral rhinotracheitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_by_country" title="Category:Cats by country">Cats by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_Australia" title="Cats in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Canada" title="Category:Cats in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Japan" title="Category:Cats in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_New_Zealand" title="Cats in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Cats in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_the_United_States" title="Cats in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cats" title="List of individual cats">List of individual cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-living_cats" title="List of longest-living cats">List of longest-living cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_folklore" title="Category:Cat folklore">Cats in folklore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" 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class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Feline immunodeficiency virus">Feline immunodeficiency virus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3DXST">3DXST</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/540006">540006</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/10066733">10066733</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11459798">11459798</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=11673">11673</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" 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