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Impact of Maternal Nutrition on Birth Defects Prevention – Neonatal Biology
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class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-84" class="post-84 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-maternal-nutrition tag-birth-defect-risk-factors tag-diet-plans-dieting tag-diet-programs tag-nutrient-deficiency tag-nutrition tag-nutritional-interventions tag-nutritional-supplements tag-public-health-and-nutrition tag-vitamins-and-birth-defects" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="2560" height="1340" src="https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-6-1-08-min-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-6-1-08-min-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-6-1-08-min-300x157.jpg 300w, https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-6-1-08-min-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-6-1-08-min-768x402.jpg 768w, https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-6-1-08-min-1536x804.jpg 1536w, https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/banner-6-1-08-min-2048x1072.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Impact of Maternal Nutrition on Birth Defects Prevention</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-28T16:54:40+05:30" itemprop="dateModified">September 28, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-28T14:36:29+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 28, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://neonatalbiology.com/archive/author/neonatalbiology/" title="View all posts by neonatalbiology" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">neonatalbiology</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nutrition is important during the period of pregnancy and has special significance for the mother’s nutrition. Some nutrient intakes have been found to reduce the risk of multiple congenital anomalies by a very large measure, and these are associated with the general health, development status, and quality of life of the child. Perhaps one of the most striking examples of an association between nutrient intake and the prevention of birth defects is the role of folic acid in the prevention of NTDs in neonates. Drawing from this concept of diet and using recent research and understanding of diet during pre and post-conception, this article begins to explore aspects of maternal diet, the relationship between fortified foods and supplements, and the probability of birth defects. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Understanding Birth Defects </b></h3> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Congenital anomalies are abnormalities of structure and/or function that occur during intrauterine development. They can be minor to severe and may involve virtually every organ and system of the human body, including the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, muscular system, etc. The etiology of these defects is genetic-environmental and appears to have a strong nutritional component. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>We continue to assess the use of folic acid and its function. </b></h3> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Folic acid, a man-made form of folate, an A vitamin that is present in natural food products, has been the subject of quite several clinical trials on its use in the prevention of NTDs like spina bifida and anencephaly. Neural tube defects begin during the first few weeks of pregnancy, sometimes even before women know they are pregnant, making it very vital for all women of childbearing age to take sufficient folic acid before they get pregnant. The mode of action of folic acid to afford protection is through the formation of DNA as well as the repair of DNA and RNA, and it helps to build and develop the placenta and the fetus at a faster rate than the rest of the body. </span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://neonatalbiology.com/publication-trends/index/maternal nutrition" target="_blank" title="maternal nutrition - yearwise publication trends">maternal nutrition</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 'NA' : count; tableHTML += ` <tr> <td>${year}</td> <td>${displayCount}</td> </tr> `; }); tableHTML += '</table></div>'; resultsContainer.innerHTML = tableHTML; } function displayLineChart(statistics) { var years = Object.keys(statistics); var counts = Object.values(statistics); var ctx = document.getElementById('publicationChart').getContext('2d'); // Destroy existing chart instance if it exists if (chart !== null) { chart.destroy(); } // Create a new chart instance chart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'line', data: { labels: years, datasets: [{ label: 'Publication Counts', data: counts, fill: false, borderColor: 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)', tension: 0.1 }] }, options: { scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true } }, plugins: { legend: { display: true, position: 'top' } } } }); } function displayKeywordStats(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-stats'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://neonatalbiology.com/publication-trends/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - yearwise publication trends">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var statistics = { "2014": 154, "2015": 159, "2016": 312, "2017": 249, "2018": 392, "2019": 431, "2020": 613, "2021": 729, "2022": 926, "2023": 1544, "2024": 648 }; var keywordsArray = ["Nutrition","Nutrient Deficiency","Vitamins and Birth Defects","Nutritional Supplements","Birth Defect Risk Factors","Nutritional Interventions","Public Health and Nutrition","diet plans dieting","diet programs"]; displayResults(statistics); displayLineChart(statistics); displayKeywordStats(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Why a Balanced Diet </b></h3> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although folic acid is the most recognized nutrient that prevents birth defects, other nutrients also have responsibilities. For instance, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc are relevant in fetal development. It is also known that vitamin B12 collaborates with folic acid to form the neural tube and other related developmental structures. Lack of the nutrients so important for the growth of a fetus can lead to damage that would cause birth defects. </span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research has been made on different aspects of nutrients on a case-by-case basis. </span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Newer data indicate that a variety of birth malformations have been considerably reduced among pregnant women who consume foods with fortification or supplements containing folate acid. Where natural diets are boosted with extra foods that are rich in iron and calcium, there is a marked improvement in the results of pregnancies, with low occurrences of birth irregularities. </span></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Dietary Recommendations </b></h3> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This factsheet is about folic acid, in which it is advised that women of reproductive age, especially pregnant women, should take at least 400 mcg daily and 600 mcg while pregnant. They are food products in the form of green leafy vegetables, fruits, especially orange fruits, and other products such as dried beans and cereals, which are usually fortified with folic acid. However, since the time for folic acid intake to prevent birth defects of the neural tube is very short, it is advised that supplementation be started before conception. </span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://neonatalbiology.com/recent-publications/index/maternal nutrition" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="maternal nutrition - yearwise publication list">maternal nutrition</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; 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border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function decodeString(str) { str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); return str; } function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var title_de = decodeString(paper.title); var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${title_de}">${title_de}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; 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A follow-up content analysis of adolescent sexual and reproductive health inclusion in Global Financing Facility country planning documents.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38962875", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy in Ghana.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39114454", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Protective Assets Reinforced With Integrated Care and Technology (PARITY): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39116423", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Pregnancy: The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on Intrauterine Fetal Growth.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39119954", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Impact of Suaahara, an at-scale multisectoral nutrition programme, on health workers\\\\\\' maternal and child health, and nutrition knowledge and skills in Nepal.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38881273", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Distribution and correlates of plasma folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in a sample of low-income minority children aged 6 months to 9 years in the U.S.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38899042", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Investigating femoral growth disruption in subadults from the 10th-13th century St. \u00c9tienne cemetery of Toulouse, France.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38899835", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The level of wasting and associated factors among children aged 6-59\u2009months in sub-Saharan African countries: multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38903623", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Antenatal Corticosteroids and Their Effects on Maternal Glycemic Status: A Prospective Observational Study From an Indian Tertiary Referral Center.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38854292", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Report of a Meeting: Food, Nutrition, and Autism: From Soil to Fork.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38677518", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Maternal nutrition and fetal imprinting of the male progeny.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38657462", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Incidence of metabolic bone disease in neonates under 32 gestational weeks at the Hospital Universitario de Santander in Colombia.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38648348", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Racial, ethnic, and socio-economic disparities in neonatal ICU admissions among neonates born with cyanotic CHD in the United States, 2009-2018.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38653722", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms, anthropometric measurements, and breastfeeding duration in infants with colic: a randomized control trial.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38655990", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Improving Maternal Health and Birth Outcomes Through FreshRx: A Food-Is-Medicine Intervention.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38670549", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Nutrition","Nutrient Deficiency","Vitamins and Birth Defects","Nutritional Supplements","Birth Defect Risk Factors","Nutritional Interventions","Public Health and Nutrition","diet plans dieting","diet programs"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Challenges and Considerations </b></h3> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is, however, a challenge to guarantee that all women take sufficient folic acid before and during pregnancy, given the known advantages. Essential nutrients’ intake levels depend on the population’s cultural dietary practices, SES, and access to fortified foods. This is perhaps the role that education has in eradicating these barriers for healthcare providers to educate expectant mothers on the importance of nutrition. </span></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Future Directions </b></h3> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Further studies are required to shed more light on the diet taken by mothers and the resultant birth defects. Large-scale epidemiologic investigations, when done in large-sample studies of diet and birth outcomes, can fine-tune dietary advice and reduce the risk of birth defects. Furthermore, the investigation of other nutrients through the interaction between those nutrients and folic acid could offer more information on the strategy of prenatal nutrients. </span></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nutrition during pregnancy plays a very crucial role in fetal development, and it is beyond any debate that nutritional interventions during pregnancy are crucial in the prevention of birth defects. Of them, folic acid has been identified as having significantly lowered the risk of neural tube defects with a sufficient intake taken prior to and during the initial trimester of pregnancy. It is therefore important that all women of childbearing age ensure that they can get the right information and products when it comes to a quality diet to help them make the right choices to produce healthy future generations.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li>Short, T.D., 2019. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6802a2.htm?fbclid=IwAR3Hkg5I8cQvh4y6achbkwMdebyWRxhnfemFXHU-o37GZCt4KB3MMfRtSkU">Gastroschisis trends and ecologic link to opioid prescription rates—United States, 2006–2015.</a> <i>MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>, <i>68</i>.</li> <li>Marengo, L.K., Flood, T.J., Ethen, M.K., Kirby, R.S., Fisher, S., Copeland, G., Meyer, R.E., Dunn, J., Canfield, M.A., Anderson, T. and Yazzie, D., 2018. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bdr2.1397">Study of selected birth defects among American Indian/Alaska Native population: A multi‐state population‐based retrospective study, 1999–2007.</a> <i>Birth defects research</i>, <i>110</i>(19), pp.1412-1418.</li> <li>Lupo, P.J., Isenburg, J.L., Salemi, J.L., Mai, C.T., Liberman, R.F., Canfield, M.A., Copeland, G., Haight, S., Harpavat, S., Hoyt, A.T. and Moore, C.A., 2017. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bdr2.1145">Population‐based birth defects data in the United States, 2010–2014: A focus on gastrointestinal defects.</a> <i>Birth defects research</i>, <i>109</i>(18), pp.1504-1514.</li> <li>Youths—United, S.I.A., 2014. <a href="http://chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/pdfs/mm6602.pdf">Inpatient Hospitalization Costs Associated with Birth Defects Among Persons of All Ages—United States, 2013.</a> <i>Notes</i>.</li> <li>Mai, C.T., Kirby, R.S., Correa, A., Rosenberg, D., Petros, M. and Fagen, M.C., 2016. <a href="https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/abstract/2016/05000/public_health_practice_of_population_based_birth.17.aspx">Public health practice of population-based birth defects surveillance programs in the United States.</a> <i>Journal of Public Health Management and Practice</i>, <i>22</i>(3), pp.E1-E8.</li> <li>Tinker, S.C., Hamner, H.C., Qi, Y.P. and Crider, K.S., 2015. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bdra.23378">US women of childbearing age who are at possible increased risk of a neural tube defect‐affected pregnancy due to suboptimal red blood cell folate concentrations, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2012.</a> <i>Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology</i>, <i>103</i>(6), pp.517-526.</li> <li>Pfeiffer, C.M., Hughes, J.P., Lacher, D.A., Bailey, R.L., Berry, R.J., Zhang, M., Yetley, E.A., Rader, J.I., Sempos, C.T. and Johnson, C.L., 2012. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316622028164">Estimation of trends in serum and RBC folate in the US population from pre-to postfortification using assay-adjusted data from the NHANES 1988–2010.</a> <i>The Journal of nutrition</i>, <i>142</i>(5), pp.886-893.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">maternal nutrition</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://neonatalbiology.com/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; 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