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class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Things_to_consider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Things_to_consider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Things to consider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Things_to_consider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-What_does_not_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_does_not_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>What does not work</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-What_does_not_work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle What does not work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-What_does_not_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1. Using <ref>...</ref> tags within <ref>...</ref> tags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2. Using a {{refn}} template within <ref>...</ref> tags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>3. Using a {{efn}} template within <ref>...</ref> tags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Subnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>4. Using a {{r}} template within <ref>...</ref> tags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5._List-defined_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5._List-defined_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>5. List-defined references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5._List-defined_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-What_does_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_does_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>What does work</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-What_does_work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle What does work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-What_does_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference_within_note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference_within_note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reference within note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference_within_note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{refn}}" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{refn}}"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Using {{refn}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{refn}}-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Using_{{efn}}" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{efn}}"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Using {{efn}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{efn}}-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Using_{{r}}" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{r}}"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.7</span> <span>Using {{r}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{r}}-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subnote_within_note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subnote_within_note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Subnote within note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subnote_within_note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-(1)_In_same_list" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#(1)_In_same_list"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>(1) In same list</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-(1)_In_same_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{refn}}_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1.1</span> <span>Using {{refn}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_12" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_12"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_12-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{r}}_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{r}}_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3.1</span> <span>Using {{r}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{r}}_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_13" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_13"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_13-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>(2) In separate list: non-numeric marker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{refn}}_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6.1</span> <span>Using {{refn}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_12" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_12"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_12-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{efn}}_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{efn}}_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.8.1</span> <span>Using {{efn}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{efn}}_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_13" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_13"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_13-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_15" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_15"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_15-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{r}}_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{r}}_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.10.1</span> <span>Using {{r}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{r}}_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_16" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_16"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_16-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.13</span> <span>(3) In separate list: numeric marker with character string</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{refn}}_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.13.1</span> <span>Using {{refn}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.14</span> <span>Main notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_17" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_17"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_17-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{r}}_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{r}}_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.15.1</span> <span>Using {{r}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{r}}_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_notes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_notes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.16</span> <span>Main notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_notes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_18" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_18"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_18-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subnote_within_reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subnote_within_reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Subnote within reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subnote_within_reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-(1)_Non-numeric_marker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#(1)_Non-numeric_marker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>(1) Non-numeric marker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-(1)_Non-numeric_marker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{refn}}_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1.1</span> <span>Using {{refn}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{r}}_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{r}}_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2.1</span> <span>Using {{r}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{r}}_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_20" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>(2) Numeric marker with character string</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{refn}}_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4.1</span> <span>Using {{refn}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{refn}}_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_21" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_21"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_21-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Using_{{r}}_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_{{r}}_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5.1</span> <span>Using {{r}}</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_{{r}}_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_22" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_22"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_22-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the official guideline on citing sources, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Wikipedia:Citing sources</a>. For instructions on how to "bundle" citations, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_merging" title="Help:Citation merging">Help:Citation merging</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NFN"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NFN&redirect=no">WP:NFN</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> Footnotes placed within footnotes may appear in the same list as the containing footnotes, or in a separate list. There are various choices in layout and formatting. In some cases, markup using <ref></ref> tags will cause an error message.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This page explains how to "nest" footnotes (references or notes) in Wikipedia articles, i.e. how to create a footnote within a footnote. It reflects the way the <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> software operates as of July 2015. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Overview" data-mw-thread-id="h-Overview"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Overview"></span>Overview<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Overview"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #a7d7f9; padding: 0.8em; width: 25%; font-size: 87%; float:right;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:VisualEditor-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/VisualEditor-logo.svg/200px-VisualEditor-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/VisualEditor-logo.svg/300px-VisualEditor-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/VisualEditor-logo.svg/400px-VisualEditor-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="225"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <b>Instructions on this page may not work with VisualEditor.</b> If you have <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures" title="Special:Preferences">opted in</a>, you can use either <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> or classic editing through <a href="/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Wiki markup">wiki markup</a> (wikitext) to edit most pages. The directions on this page, especially about what codes to type to produce formatting effects, are predominantly geared toward wikitext editing. For instructions on editing with VisualEditor, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide</a>. </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes:_reminder" data-mw-thread-id="h-Footnotes:_reminder-Overview"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Footnotes:_reminder-Overview"></span>Footnotes: reminder<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Footnotes:_reminder-Overview"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Footnotes: reminder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a> are used most commonly to provide: </p> <ul><li><b>References</b> to reliable sources, published in print or online</li> <li><b>Notes</b> containing supplementary content.</li></ul> <p>The Footnotes system shows two elements on the page: </p> <ul><li>A <b>Footnote marker</b> is displayed in the article's content as a bracketed, superscripted number, letter, or word. Examples shown respectively are: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255586131">.mw-parser-output .fakelinks{color:var(--color-progressive,#0645ad);cursor:default}.mw-parser-output .fakelinks:hover{color:var(--color-progressive--hover,#0645ad)}</style><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[1]</sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[a]</sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[Note 1]</sup>. This footnote label is linked to the full footnote.</li> <li>A <b>Footnote</b> displays the full note or reference. The footnotes are displayed in an ordered list wherever the reference list markup (e.g. <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>|group=...}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist" title="Template:Notelist">notelist</a>}}</code>) is placed. Each entry begins with the footnote label in plain text.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nesting_footnotes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Nesting_footnotes-Overview"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Nesting_footnotes-Overview"></span>Nesting footnotes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Nesting_footnotes-Overview"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nesting footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes, an editor wishes to insert (nest) a footnote within a footnote. We will call the inserted footnote a <b>"subnote"</b>. Cases may include: </p> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Type of nesting</th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>Reference within a note</td> <td>Lorem ipsum dolor<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes-Nesting_footnotes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes-Nesting_footnotes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes-Nesting_footnotes"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This has been disputed by later scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References-Nesting_footnotes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References-Nesting_footnotes"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References-Nesting_footnotes"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 1, 1923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nested reference, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 2, 1968.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Note within a note</td> <td>Lorem ipsum dolor<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_2-Nesting_footnotes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_2-Nesting_footnotes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_2-Nesting_footnotes"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This has been disputed by later scholars<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the grounds of unsound evidence.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Subnotes</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, writing in 2003, Nested argued strongly for rejecting the source as a forgery.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_2-Nesting_footnotes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_2-Nesting_footnotes"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_2-Nesting_footnotes"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 1, 1923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nested reference, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 2, 1968.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Note on a reference</td> <td>Lorem ipsum dolor<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit amet. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_3" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_3-Nesting_footnotes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_3-Nesting_footnotes"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_3-Nesting_footnotes"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 1, 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>subnote 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 2, 1968.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Notes on references</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1952 paperback edition of Book 1 does not contain the relevant passage.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Things_to_consider" data-mw-thread-id="h-Things_to_consider"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Things_to_consider"></span>Things to consider<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Things_to_consider"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Things to consider"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Is your subnote really necessary? Especially if the subnote is a short one, would it be more straightforward for the reader - as well as for you - to keep it as part of the main note, perhaps in brackets?</li> <li>If the subnote is a reference, should it appear within the main numbered list of references, or in a separate list?</li> <li>If the subnote appears in a separate list, where should that list be placed among the different lists of footnotes?</li> <li>Should the subnote marker be - numeric,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[1]</sup> a roman numeral,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[i]</sup> alphabetic,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[a]</sup> or user-defined?<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[subnote 1]</sup> Could it be confusing to use the same system in different footnote lists? Bear in mind also that roman numeral<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[i]</sup> is identical with alphabetic.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[i]</sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="What_does_not_work" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_does_not_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_does_not_work"></span>What does not work<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_does_not_work"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: What does not work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>You cannot nest a footnote within a footnote that uses <ref>...</ref> tags</b>, even if the footnotes belong to different groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags" data-mw-thread-id="h-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"><span id="1._Using_.3Cref.3E....3C.2Fref.3E_tags_within_.3Cref.3E....3C.2Fref.3E_tags"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"></span>1. Using <ref>...</ref> tags within <ref>...</ref> tags<span data-mw-comment-end="h-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1. Using <ref>...</ref> tags within <ref>...</ref> tags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neither the subnote nor the preceding part of the main footnote is displayed. An error message is displayed in red font. The following part of the main footnote (if any) appears in the article text, with an unwanted </ref> tag. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Case 1: Error message and missing text, using nested <ref>...</ref> tags </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lorem ipsum dolor<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit amet.<span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: A <code><ref></code> tag is missing the closing <code></ref></code> (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_included_ref" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error included ref">help page</a>).</span>This is the latter part of the main footnote.</ref> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_3" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_3-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_3-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_3-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_4" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_4-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_4-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_4-1._Using_<ref>...</ref>_tags_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 1, 1923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 2, 1968.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags" data-mw-thread-id="h-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"><span id="2._Using_a_.7B.7Brefn.7D.7D_template_within_.3Cref.3E....3C.2Fref.3E_tags"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"></span>2. Using a <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code> template within <ref>...</ref> tags<span data-mw-comment-end="h-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2. Using a {{refn}} template within <ref>...</ref> tags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subnote is not displayed. An error message is displayed in red font. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Case 2: Error message and missing text, using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code> within <ref>...</ref> tags </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lorem ipsum dolor<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_4" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_4-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_4-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_4-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This has been disputed by later scholars. <i>Subnote inserted here</i> This is the latter part of the main footnote.</span> </li> </ol></div> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: A <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes#WP:LDR" title="Help:Footnotes">list-defined reference</a> has a conflicting group attribute <code>""</code> (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_group_mismatch" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references group mismatch">help page</a>).</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_5" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_5-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_5-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_5-2._Using_a_{{refn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 1, 1923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 2, 1968.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags" data-mw-thread-id="h-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"><span id="3._Using_a_.7B.7Befn.7D.7D_template_within_.3Cref.3E....3C.2Fref.3E_tags"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"></span>3. Using a <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code> template within <ref>...</ref> tags<span data-mw-comment-end="h-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 3. Using a {{efn}} template within <ref>...</ref> tags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subnote is not displayed. An error message is displayed in red font. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Case 3: Error message and missing text, using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code> within <ref>...</ref> tags </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lorem ipsum dolor<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_5" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_5-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_5-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_5-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This has been disputed by later scholars. <i>Subnote inserted here</i> This is the latter part of the main footnote.</span> </li> </ol></div> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: A <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes#WP:LDR" title="Help:Footnotes">list-defined reference</a> has a conflicting group attribute <code>"lower-alpha"</code> (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_group_mismatch" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references group mismatch">help page</a>).</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subnotes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Subnotes-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Subnotes-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span>Subnotes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Subnotes-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Subnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_6" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_6-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_6-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_6-3._Using_a_{{efn}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 1, 1923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 2, 1968.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags" data-mw-thread-id="h-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"><span id="4._Using_a_.7B.7Br.7D.7D_template_within_.3Cref.3E....3C.2Fref.3E_tags"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"></span>4. Using a <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code> template within <ref>...</ref> tags<span data-mw-comment-end="h-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags-What_does_not_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 4. Using a {{r}} template within <ref>...</ref> tags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subnote is not displayed. An error message is displayed in red font. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Case 4: Error message and missing text, using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code> within <ref>...</ref> tags </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lorem ipsum dolor<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_6" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_6-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_6-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_6-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This has been disputed by later scholars. <i>Subnote inserted here</i> This is the latter part of the main footnote.</span> </li> </ol></div> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: A <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes#WP:LDR" title="Help:Footnotes">list-defined reference</a> has a conflicting group attribute <code>""</code> (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_group_mismatch" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references group mismatch">help page</a>).</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_7" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_7-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_7-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_7-4._Using_a_{{r}}_template_within_<ref>...</ref>_tags"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 1, 1923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book 2, 1968.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5._List-defined_references" data-mw-thread-id="h-5._List-defined_references-What_does_not_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-5._List-defined_references-What_does_not_work"></span>5. List-defined references<span data-mw-comment-end="h-5._List-defined_references-What_does_not_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 5. List-defined references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to a long-standing bug (see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22707" class="extiw" title="phab:T22707">phab:T22707</a>), <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List-defined_references" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:List-defined references">list-defined references</a> do not work correctly when references are nested. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Case 5: Error message and missing reference using list-defined references </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lorem ipsum dolor<sup id="cite_ref-first_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-second_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-second-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_8" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_8-5._List-defined_references"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_8-5._List-defined_references"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_8-5._List-defined_references"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-first-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-first_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-first_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">This is Reference 1, with Reference 3 inside it.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-second-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-second_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is Reference 2, with Reference 4 inside it.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reference 3</span> </li> </ol></div> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: A <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes#WP:LDR" title="Help:Footnotes">list-defined reference</a> has no name (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no key">help page</a>).</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <p>A workaround is available via <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Sfnlink" title="Template:Sfnlink">sfnlink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="What_does_work" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_does_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_does_work"></span>What does work<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_does_work"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: What does work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To nest a footnote within another, <b>one or both footnotes should be enclosed within the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code> templates</b>. You may also use <code>#tag:ref</code> – this is just a less user-friendly equivalent of <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code>. </p><p><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code> and <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code> use a very similar calling syntax (with <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code> supporting all named parameters of <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code>), but <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code> also supports shorter parameter aliases and is generally more flexible and powerful: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>|group=groupname|name=name|Contents of the footnote}}</code> <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>|g=groupname|n=name|r=Contents of the footnote}}</code> </p><p><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code> is equivalent to <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>|group=lower-alpha}}</code> (or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>|g=lower-alpha}}</code>), and the corresponding <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist" title="Template:Notelist">notelist</a>}}</code> is equivalent to <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>|group=lower-alpha}}</code>. Likewise, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn-lr" title="Template:Efn-lr">efn-lr</a>}}</code> is equivalent to <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>|group=lower-roman}}</code> (or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>|g=lower-roman}}</code>), and the corresponding <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist-lr" title="Template:Notelist-lr">notelist-lr</a>}}</code> is equivalent to <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>|group=lower-roman}}</code>; similarly for the other variants. </p><p>The following are some examples of correct use of these templates for nesting footnotes. Other permutations are possible and will yield similar results. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference_within_note" data-mw-thread-id="h-Reference_within_note-What_does_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Reference_within_note-What_does_work"></span>Reference within note<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Reference_within_note-What_does_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Reference within note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reference appears within the main list of numbered references, and the reference marker is a simple numeral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Using_{{refn}}" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{refn}}-Reference_within_note"><span id="Using_.7B.7Brefn.7D.7D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{refn}}-Reference_within_note"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{refn}}-Reference_within_note"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Using {{refn}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary<ref>Bloggs, 1981.</ref> had a little lamb.{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Mary's possessions are on record.<ref>Book, 1949.</ref>}} Its fleece was white as snow.<ref>Scroggs, 1983.</ref> ====Notes==== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_7" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_7-Reference_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_7-Reference_within_note"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_7-Reference_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_9" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_9-Reference_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_9-Reference_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_9-Reference_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Using_{{efn}}" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{efn}}-Reference_within_note"><span id="Using_.7B.7Befn.7D.7D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{efn}}-Reference_within_note"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{efn}}-Reference_within_note"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Using {{efn}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary<ref>Bloggs, 1981.</ref> had a little lamb.{{efn|Mary's possessions are on record.<ref>Book, 1949.</ref> }} Its fleece was white as snow.<ref>Scroggs, 1983.</ref> ====Notes==== {{notelist}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_8" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_8-Reference_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_8-Reference_within_note"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_8-Reference_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_10" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_10-Reference_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_10-Reference_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_10-Reference_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Using_{{r}}" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{r}}-Reference_within_note"><span id="Using_.7B.7Br.7D.7D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{r}}-Reference_within_note"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{r}}-Reference_within_note"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Using {{r}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary{{r|r=Bloggs, 1981.}} had a little lamb.{{r|g=lower-alpha|r=Mary's possessions are on record.{{r|r=Book, 1949.}}}} Its fleece was white as snow.{{r|r=Scroggs, 1983.}} ====Notes==== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_9" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_9-Reference_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_9-Reference_within_note"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_9-Reference_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_11" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_11-Reference_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_11-Reference_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_11-Reference_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subnote_within_note" data-mw-thread-id="h-Subnote_within_note-What_does_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Subnote_within_note-What_does_work"></span>Subnote within note<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Subnote_within_note-What_does_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Subnote within note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="(1)_In_same_list" data-mw-thread-id="h-(1)_In_same_list-Subnote_within_note"><span id=".281.29_In_same_list"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-(1)_In_same_list-Subnote_within_note"></span>(1) In same list<span data-mw-comment-end="h-(1)_In_same_list-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: (1) In same list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A subnote may appear in the same list as the footnote in which it is nested, although the subnote will appear <i>above</i> the main note referring to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{refn}}_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{refn}}_2-(1)_In_same_list"><span id="Using_.7B.7Brefn.7D.7D_2"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{refn}}_2-(1)_In_same_list"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{refn}}_2-(1)_In_same_list"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Using {{refn}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary<ref>Bloggs, 1981.</ref> had a little lamb.{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Mary's possessions are on record.{{refn|group=lower-alpha|They have been itemised by Book<ref>Book, 1949.</ref> and others.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.<ref>Scroggs, 1983.</ref> ====Notes==== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_10" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_10-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_10-Subnote_within_note"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_10-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They have been itemised by Book<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_12" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_12-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_12-Subnote_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_12-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{r}}_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{r}}_2-References_12"><span id="Using_.7B.7Br.7D.7D_2"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{r}}_2-References_12"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{r}}_2-References_12"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Using {{r}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary{{r|r=Bloggs, 1981.}} had a little lamb.{{r|g=lower-alpha|r=Mary's possessions are on record.{{r|g=lower-alpha|r=They have been itemised by Book{{r|r=Book, 1949.}} and others.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.{{r|r=Scroggs, 1983.}} ====Notes==== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_11" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_11-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_11-Subnote_within_note"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_11-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They have been itemised by Book<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_13" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_13-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_13-Subnote_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_13-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker" data-mw-thread-id="h-(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker-Subnote_within_note"><span id=".282.29_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker-Subnote_within_note"></span>(2) In separate list: non-numeric marker<span data-mw-comment-end="h-(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: (2) In separate list: non-numeric marker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subnote appears in a separate list, above or below the list in which the main note appears. The subnote is given a non-numeric marker - e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[b]</sup> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[iv]</sup>. </p><p>If the main note is also indexed in the same way, to keep the lists separate the two sets of markers must be different, e.g. one set alphabetic with the other set roman numerals. The full range of possible markers can be seen <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:EXPLNOTE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:EXPLNOTE">here</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{refn}}_3" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{refn}}_3-(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker"><span id="Using_.7B.7Brefn.7D.7D_3"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{refn}}_3-(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{refn}}_3-(2)_In_separate_list:_non-numeric_marker"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Using {{refn}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note the use of <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code> rather than <ref>...</ref> for <i>both</i> main note <i>and</i> subnote, so that the reference doubly nested within the subnote will display correctly. </p> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary<ref>Bloggs, 1981.</ref> had a little lamb.{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Mary's possessions are on record.{{refn|group=lower-roman|They have been itemised by Book<ref>Book, 1949.</ref> and others.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.<ref>Scroggs, 1983.</ref> ====Notes==== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ''Subnotes'' {{reflist|group=lower-roman}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_12" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_12-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_12-Subnote_within_note"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_12-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Subnotes</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They have been itemised by Book<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_14" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_14-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_14-Subnote_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_14-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{efn}}_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{efn}}_2-References_14"><span id="Using_.7B.7Befn.7D.7D_2"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{efn}}_2-References_14"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{efn}}_2-References_14"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Using {{efn}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note the use of <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code> rather than <ref>...</ref> for <i>both</i> main note <i>and</i> subnote, so that the reference doubly nested within the subnote will display correctly. </p> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary<ref>Bloggs, 1981.</ref> had a little lamb.{{efn|Mary's possessions are on record.{{efn-lr|They have been itemised by Book<ref>Book, 1949.</ref> and others.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.<ref>Scroggs, 1983.</ref> ====Notes==== {{notelist}} ''Subnotes'' {{notelist-lr}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_13" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_13-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_13-Subnote_within_note"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_13-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Subnotes</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They have been itemised by Book<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_15" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_15-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_15-Subnote_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_15-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{r}}_3" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{r}}_3-References_15"><span id="Using_.7B.7Br.7D.7D_3"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{r}}_3-References_15"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{r}}_3-References_15"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Using {{r}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note the use of <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code> rather than <ref>...</ref> for <i>both</i> main note <i>and</i> subnote, so that the reference doubly nested within the subnote will display correctly. </p> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary{{r|r=Bloggs, 1981.}} had a little lamb.{{r|g=lower-alpha|r=Mary's possessions are on record.{{r|g=lower-roman|r=They have been itemised by Book{{r|r=Book, 1949.}} and others.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.{{r|r=Scroggs, 1983.}} ====Notes==== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ''Subnotes'' {{reflist|group=lower-roman}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes_14" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_14-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_14-Subnote_within_note"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_14-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Subnotes</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They have been itemised by Book<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_16" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_16-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_16-Subnote_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_16-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string" data-mw-thread-id="h-(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string-Subnote_within_note"><span id=".283.29_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string-Subnote_within_note"></span>(3) In separate list: numeric marker with character string<span data-mw-comment-end="h-(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: (3) In separate list: numeric marker with character string"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subnote appears in a separate list, above or below the list in which the main note appears. The subnote is given a numeral preceded by a character string, e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[Subnote 3]</sup>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[n 3]</sup> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1255586131"><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[nb 3]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{refn}}_4" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{refn}}_4-(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string"><span id="Using_.7B.7Brefn.7D.7D_4"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{refn}}_4-(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{refn}}_4-(3)_In_separate_list:_numeric_marker_with_character_string"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Using {{refn}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the main note is also indexed in the same way, to keep the lists separate the two character strings must be different. The main note and subnote both use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code>. </p> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary<ref>Bloggs, 1981.</ref> had a little lamb.{{refn|group=main note|Mary's possessions are on record.{{refn|group=subnote|They have been itemised by Book<ref>Book, 1949.</ref> and others.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.<ref>Scroggs, 1983.</ref> ====Main notes==== {{reflist|group=main note}} ''Subnotes'' {{reflist|group=subnote}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>main note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Main_notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Main_notes-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Main_notes-Subnote_within_note"></span>Main notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Main_notes-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>subnote 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Subnotes</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They have been itemised by Book<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_17" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_17-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_17-Subnote_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_17-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{r}}_4" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{r}}_4-References_17"><span id="Using_.7B.7Br.7D.7D_4"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{r}}_4-References_17"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{r}}_4-References_17"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Using {{r}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the main note is also indexed in the same way, to keep the lists separate the two character strings must be different. The main note and subnote both use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code>. </p> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary{{r|r=Bloggs, 1981.}} had a little lamb.{{r|g=main note|r=Mary's possessions are on record.{{r|g=subnote|r=They have been itemised by Book{{r|r=Book, 1949.}} and others.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.{{r|r=Scroggs, 1983.}} ====Main notes==== {{reflist|group=main note}} ''Subnotes'' {{reflist|group=subnote}} ====References==== {{reflist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>main note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Main_notes_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-Main_notes_2-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Main_notes_2-Subnote_within_note"></span>Main notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Main_notes_2-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary's possessions are on record.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>subnote 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Subnotes</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They have been itemised by Book<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_18" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_18-Subnote_within_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_18-Subnote_within_note"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_18-Subnote_within_note"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subnote_within_reference" data-mw-thread-id="h-Subnote_within_reference-What_does_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Subnote_within_reference-What_does_work"></span>Subnote within reference<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Subnote_within_reference-What_does_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Subnote within reference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="(1)_Non-numeric_marker" data-mw-thread-id="h-(1)_Non-numeric_marker-Subnote_within_reference"><span id=".281.29_Non-numeric_marker"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-(1)_Non-numeric_marker-Subnote_within_reference"></span>(1) Non-numeric marker<span data-mw-comment-end="h-(1)_Non-numeric_marker-Subnote_within_reference"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: (1) Non-numeric marker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{refn}}_5" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{refn}}_5-(1)_Non-numeric_marker"><span id="Using_.7B.7Brefn.7D.7D_5"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{refn}}_5-(1)_Non-numeric_marker"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{refn}}_5-(1)_Non-numeric_marker"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Using {{refn}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subnote appears in a separate list, below the main References list. The subnote uses <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code> with a predefined or user-defined group. Be aware that because nesting fails within <ref></ref> tags, the reference bearing the subnote also has to use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code> (without a group), not the more usual <ref></ref>. </p> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary<ref>Bloggs, 1981.</ref> had a little lamb.{{refn|Book, 1949.{{refn|group=lower-alpha|The relevant chapter does not appear in the paperback edition of 1955.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.<ref>Scroggs, 1983.</ref> ====References==== {{reflist}} ''Notes on the references'' {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_19" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_19-Subnote_within_reference"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_19-Subnote_within_reference"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_19-Subnote_within_reference"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Notes on the references</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The relevant chapter does not appear in the paperback edition of 1955.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{r}}_5" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{r}}_5-References_19"><span id="Using_.7B.7Br.7D.7D_5"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{r}}_5-References_19"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{r}}_5-References_19"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Using {{r}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subnote appears in a separate list, below the main References list. The subnote uses <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code> with a predefined or user-defined group. Be aware that because nesting fails within <ref></ref> tags, the reference bearing the subnote also has to use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code> (without a group), not the more usual <ref></ref>. </p> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary{{r|r=Bloggs, 1981.}} had a little lamb.{{r|r=Book, 1949.{{r|g=lower-alpha|r=The relevant chapter does not appear in the paperback edition of 1955.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.{{r|r=Scroggs, 1983.}} ====References==== {{reflist}} ''Notes on the references'' {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_20" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_20-Subnote_within_reference"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_20-Subnote_within_reference"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_20-Subnote_within_reference"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Notes on the references</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The relevant chapter does not appear in the paperback edition of 1955.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string" data-mw-thread-id="h-(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string-Subnote_within_reference"><span id=".282.29_Numeric_marker_with_character_string"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string-Subnote_within_reference"></span>(2) Numeric marker with character string<span data-mw-comment-end="h-(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string-Subnote_within_reference"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: (2) Numeric marker with character string"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{refn}}_6" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{refn}}_6-(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string"><span id="Using_.7B.7Brefn.7D.7D_6"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{refn}}_6-(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">refn</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{refn}}_6-(2)_Numeric_marker_with_character_string"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Using {{refn}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary<ref>Bloggs, 1981.</ref> had a little lamb.{{refn|Book, 1949.{{refn|group=Note|The relevant chapter does not appear in the paperback edition of 1955.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.<ref>Scroggs, 1983.</ref> ====References==== {{reflist}} ''Notes on the references'' {{reflist|group=Note}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_21" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_21-Subnote_within_reference"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_21-Subnote_within_reference"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_21-Subnote_within_reference"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Notes on the references</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The relevant chapter does not appear in the paperback edition of 1955.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Using_{{r}}_6" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_{{r}}_6-References_21"><span id="Using_.7B.7Br.7D.7D_6"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_{{r}}_6-References_21"></span>Using <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_{{r}}_6-References_21"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Using {{r}}"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="width:90%; margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Mary{{r|r=Bloggs, 1981.}} had a little lamb.{{r|r=Book, 1949.{{r|g=Note|r=The relevant chapter does not appear in the paperback edition of 1955.}} }} Its fleece was white as snow.{{r|r=Scroggs, 1983.}} ====References==== {{reflist}} ''Notes on the references'' {{reflist|group=Note}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Mary<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a little lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fleece was white as snow.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_22" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_22-Subnote_within_reference"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_22-Subnote_within_reference"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_22-Subnote_within_reference"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloggs, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scroggs, 1983.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>Notes on the references</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The relevant chapter does not appear in the paperback edition of 1955.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span 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sources">Book Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources" title="Wikipedia:Free English newspaper sources">Free newspaper sources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a><br/>(External links)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://citer.toolforge.org/">Citer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sumsearch.org/cite/">Biomedical cite</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/">Citation bot</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/">MakeRef</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/">Refill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and 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requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br/>to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:85%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Convert" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Simple vandalism cleanup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a></li> <li><a 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