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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Hans Fränkel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chang_Chung-Ho_met_Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel_in_November_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Chang_Chung-Ho_met_Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel_in_November_1948.jpg/220px-Chang_Chung-Ho_met_Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel_in_November_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Chang_Chung-Ho_met_Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel_in_November_1948.jpg/330px-Chang_Chung-Ho_met_Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel_in_November_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Chang_Chung-Ho_met_Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel_in_November_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="539" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Fränkel and his wife <a href="/wiki/Chang_Ch%27ung-ho" title="Chang Ch'ung-ho">Chang Ch'ung-ho</a> at their wedding in Beijing (November 1948)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">19 December 1916<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin, Germany">Berlin, Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 August 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-08-26)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/North_Haven,_Connecticut" title="North Haven, Connecticut">North Haven, Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Sinologist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chang_Ch%27ung-ho" title="Chang Ch'ung-ho">Chang Ch'ung-ho</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="November 1948">1948</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Emma Fränkel, Ian H. H. Frankel</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">傅漢思</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">傅汉思</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Fù Hànsī</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Fuh Hannsy</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Fu Han-ssu</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hans Hermann Fränkel</b> (19 December 1916 – 26 August 2003), usually <a href="/wiki/Anglicized" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicized">Anglicized</a> to <b>Hans Frankel</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/German-American" class="mw-redirect" title="German-American">German-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinologist">sinologist</a> noted for his studies of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Chinese poetry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">literature</a> and his 25-year tenure as professor of Chinese at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hans H. Frankel was born on 19 December 1916 in <a href="/wiki/Berlin,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin, Germany">Berlin, Germany</a>. His father, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Fr%C3%A4nkel" title="Hermann Fränkel">Hermann Fränkel</a>, was a renowned scholar of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Greek">Greek</a>. Because of the family's <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">Jewish ancestry</a>, the Fränkels fled to the United States during the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>'s rise to power in the early 1930s. They settled in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>, where Hermann Fränkel became a professor of <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. Hans attended Stanford as an undergraduate, graduating with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> in 1937. He then attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> as a graduate student, earning an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> in 1938 and a Ph.D. in <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance literature</a> in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-yale_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yale-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Frankel worked for the US military as a translator of <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, Spanish, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>. Military commanders recognized his linguistic talents, and he was encouraged to begin studying <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>. After the war ended, Frankel moved to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, teaching Western languages at <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a> from 1947 to 1949. While at Peking University, Frankel met <a href="/wiki/Chang_Ch%27ung-ho" title="Chang Ch'ung-ho">Chang Ch'ung-ho</a>, a well-known poet, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">calligrapher</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kunqu" title="Kunqu">kunqu</a></i> opera singer. They married in November 1948 and had two children.<sup id="cite_ref-yale_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yale-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frankel and his wife returned to the United States in 1949, where he lectured and did research at Berkeley. He became an assistant professor of Chinese at Stanford in 1959, then went to <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in 1961, where he taught until his retirement in 1987. He published a large number of books and articles on Chinese poetry and literature, and his translation of the <a href="/wiki/Ballad_of_Mulan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballad of Mulan">Ballad of Mulan</a> was used in <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mulan_(1998_film)" title="Mulan (1998 film)">1998 animated film</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yale_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yale-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Biographies of <a href="/wiki/Meng_Hao-jan" class="mw-redirect" title="Meng Hao-jan">Meng Hao-jan</a></i>, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951; revised 1961).</li> <li><i>The Flowering Plum and the Palace Lady: Interpretations of Chinese Poetry</i>, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-yale-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yale_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yale_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yale_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.news.yale.edu/v32.n2/story11.html">Yale University - Hans Frankel Obituary</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Knechtges" title="David R. Knechtges">Knechtges, David</a>. 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