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id="toc-Provinces_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provinces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Provinces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paleolithic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleolithic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Paleolithic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleolithic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neolithic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neolithic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Neolithic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neolithic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Metal Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Early Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Sicily" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Sicily"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Kingdom of Sicily</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Sicily-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Naples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Naples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kingdom of Naples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Naples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_invasions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_invasions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>French invasions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_invasions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Two_Sicilies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Two_Sicilies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Kingdom of Two Sicilies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Two_Sicilies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_unification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_unification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Italian unification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_unification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fascism_and_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fascism_and_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Fascism and World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fascism_and_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Italian Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Main settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medieval_and_Renaissance_hill_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_and_Renaissance_hill_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Medieval and Renaissance hill towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_and_Renaissance_hill_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cuisine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ingredients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ingredients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Ingredients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Starter_and_main_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starter_and_main_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Starter and main dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starter_and_main_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Meat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seafood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seafood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Seafood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seafood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pizzas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pizzas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Pizzas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pizzas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Salumi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cheeses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cheeses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Cheeses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cheeses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desserts_and_sweets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desserts_and_sweets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Desserts and sweets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desserts_and_sweets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.9</span> <span>Fruits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olive_oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olive_oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.10</span> <span>Olive oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olive_oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wines_and_liquors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wines_and_liquors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.11</span> <span>Wines and liquors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wines_and_liquors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abruzzo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 121 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzze" title="Abruzze – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abruzze" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzen" title="Abruzzen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Abruzzen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A9%E1%8C%BE" title="አብሩጾ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አብሩጾ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="أبرتسة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبرتسة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzos" title="Abruzos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Abruzos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abru%C3%A7o" title="Abruço – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Abruço" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruttso" title="Abruttso – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abruttso" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%88" title="آبروتزو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آبروتزو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B" title="আবরুৎসো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবরুৎসো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Абруцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абруцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Абруцца – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абруцца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Абруцо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абруцо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abru%C3%A7os" title="Abruços – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abruços" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Абруццо – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Абруццо" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbruzzu" title="Abbruzzu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Abbruzzu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzen" title="Abruzzen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abruzzen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BF" title="Αμπρούτσο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμπρούτσο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abr%C3%B3zz" title="Abrózz – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Abrózz" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzos" title="Abruzos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abruzos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruco" title="Abruco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abruco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88" title="آبروتسو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبروتسو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzes" title="Abruzzes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abruzzes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzen" title="Abruzzen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Abruzzen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abru%C3%A7" title="Abruç – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Abruç" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzos" title="Abruzos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abruzos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%B4%88%EC%A3%BC" title="아브루초주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아브루초주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%B8" title="Աբրուցո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբրուցո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="आब्रुत्सो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आब्रुत्सो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Абруццо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Абруццо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abr%C3%BAtsi" title="Abrútsi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Abrútsi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%95" title="אברוצו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אברוצו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D" title="აბრუცო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბრუცო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Абруццо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абруццо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzo" title="Abruzo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Abruzo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprutium" title="Aprutium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aprutium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruco" title="Abruco – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abruco" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrucai" title="Abrucai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abrucai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrusso" title="Abrusso – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Abrusso" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzze" title="Abruzze – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Abruzze" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Абруцо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Абруцо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="आब्रुत्सो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आब्रुत्सो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D" title="აბრუცო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აბრუცო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%88" title="آبروتزو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آبروتزو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzen" title="Abruzzen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abruzzen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E3%82%A9%E5%B7%9E" title="アブルッツォ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アブルッツォ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Абруццо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Абруццо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzen" title="Abruzzen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Abruzzen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abru%C3%A7" title="Abruç – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Abruç" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B" title="ਆਬਰੂਤਸੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਬਰੂਤਸੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B2%D9%88" title="صوبہ ابرززو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صوبہ ابرززو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruss" title="Abruss – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Abruss" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzja" title="Abruzja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abruzja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzos" title="Abruzos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abruzos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrutstsi" title="Abrutstsi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Abrutstsi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Абруцци – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абруцци" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrutzu" title="Abrutzu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Abrutzu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzen" title="Abruzzen – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Abruzzen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruco" title="Abruco – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Abruco" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbruzzu" title="Abbruzzu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Abbruzzu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzy_(regi%C3%B3n)" title="Abruzzy (región) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abruzzy (región)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruci" title="Abruci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abruci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Абруцо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абруцо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbruzze" title="Abbruzze – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Abbruzze" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Абруццо – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Абруццо" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B" title="แคว้นอาบรุซโซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นอาบรุซโซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Абрутси – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абрутси" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%86%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Абруццо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абруццо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88" title="آبروزو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آبروزو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruso" title="Abruso – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Abruso" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E4%BD%90%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="阿布鲁佐大区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿布鲁佐大区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E4%BD%90" title="阿布魯佐 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿布魯佐" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Abruzzo" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E4%BD%90%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="阿布鲁佐大区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿布鲁佐大区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abruzzo&params=42_21_58_N_12_23_40_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°23′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.36611°N 12.39444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.36611; 12.39444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in southern Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_(surname)" title="Abruzzo (surname)">Abruzzo (surname)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Abruzzi" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Abruzzi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Abruzzi (disambiguation)">Abruzzi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/40px-Acap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/54px-Acap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/72px-Acap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">copy editing</a> for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can assist by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Abruzzo" title="Special:EditPage/Abruzzo">editing it</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Abruzzo</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Neapolitan-language text"><i lang="nap">Abbrùzzu</i></span> / <span title="Neapolitan-language text"><i lang="nap">Abbrùzze</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan</a>)</span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Abruzzi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Region of Italy">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Abruzzo"><img alt="Flag of Abruzzo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/100px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/150px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/200px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Abruzzo" title="Flag of Abruzzo">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Abruzzo"><img alt="Coat of arms of Abruzzo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg/50px-Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg/75px-Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg/100px-Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1028" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abruzzo_in_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abruzzo_in_Italy.svg/250px-Abruzzo_in_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abruzzo_in_Italy.svg/375px-Abruzzo_in_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abruzzo_in_Italy.svg/500px-Abruzzo_in_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marco_Marsilio" title="Marco Marsilio">Marco Marsilio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">FdI</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Vice President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuele_Imprudente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emanuele Imprudente (page does not exist)">Emanuele Imprudente</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,763 km<sup>2</sup> (4,156 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,914 m (9,560 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,305,770</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">120/km<sup>2</sup> (310/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Abruzzese</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€32.889 billion (2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166 code">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">IT-65</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.892<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Italian regions by Human Development Index">13th of 21</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Italy" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">NUTS Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ITF</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regione.abruzzo.it/">https://www.regione.abruzzo.it/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abruzzo</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[aˈbruttso]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Abruzzese Neapolitan</a>: <i lang="nap">Abbrùzze</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nap-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">[abˈbruttsə]</a></span>, <i>Abbrìzze</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nap-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">[abˈbrittsə]</a></span> or <i>Abbrèzze</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nap-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">[abˈbrɛttsə]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sabino_dialect" title="Sabino dialect">Aquilano</a>: <i lang="nap">Abbrùzzu</i>), <a href="#History">historically</a> known as <b>Abruzzi</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> with an area of 10,763 square km (4,156 sq mi) and a population of 1.3 million. It is divided into four provinces: <a href="/wiki/Province_of_L%27Aquila" title="Province of L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">Teramo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pescara" title="Province of Pescara">Pescara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Chieti" title="Province of Chieti">Chieti</a>. Its western border lies 80 km (50 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. Abruzzo borders the region of <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> to the west and north-west, <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a> to the south and the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> to the east. Geographically, Abruzzo is divided into a mountainous area in the west, which includes the highest massifs of the <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Apennines</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_d%27Italia" title="Gran Sasso d'Italia">Gran Sasso d'Italia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maiella" title="Maiella">Maiella</a>, and a coastal area in the east with beaches on the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. </p><p>Abruzzo is considered a region of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> in terms of its culture, language, economy, and history, though in terms of physical geography, it is often considered part of <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Felice_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felice-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italian Statistical Authority (<a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a>) deems it to be part of Southern Italy, partly because of Abruzzo's historic association with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Felice_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felice-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost half of the region's territory is protected through national parks and nature reserves, more than any administrative region on the continent, leading it to be dubbed "the greenest region in Europe."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Laquilacapitale_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laquilacapitale-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three national parks, one regional park, and 38 protected nature reserves. These ensure the survival of rare species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chamois" title="Chamois">Abruzzo (or Abruzzese) chamois</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Apennine_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennine wolf">Apennine wolf</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marsican_brown_bear" title="Marsican brown bear">Marsican brown bear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abruzzo's parks and reserves host 75% of Europe's animal species.<sup id="cite_ref-Laquilacapitale_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laquilacapitale-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is also home to <a href="/wiki/Calderone_glacier" title="Calderone glacier">Calderone</a>, one of Europe's southernmost <a href="/wiki/Glaciers" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciers">glaciers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nineteenth-century Italian diplomat and journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primo_Levi_(1853-1917)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primo Levi (1853-1917) (page does not exist)">Primo Levi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primo_Levi_(1853-1917)" class="extiw" title="it:Primo Levi (1853-1917)">it</a>]</span> (1853–1917) chose the adjectives <i>forte e gentile</i> ("strong and kind") to capture what he saw as the character of the region and its people. "<i>Forte e gentile</i>" has since become the motto of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provinces_and_politics">Provinces and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Provinces and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo,_Italy,_with_provinces-it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg/250px-Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg/330px-Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg/500px-Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2219" data-file-height="2085" /></a><figcaption>Abruzzo provinces</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provinces">Provinces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abruzzo is divided into four administrative provinces: </p> <table class="wikitable centered"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccf;">Province </th> <th style="background:#ccf;">Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th style="background:#ccf;">Population </th> <th style="background:#ccf;">Density (inh./km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th style="background:#ccf;">Provincial Capital </th> <th style="background:#ccf;">Number of Communes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Chieti" title="Province of Chieti">Chieti</a> </td> <td>2,588 </td> <td>396,190 </td> <td>153.1 </td> <td>Chieti </td> <td>104 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_L%27Aquila" title="Province of L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a> </td> <td>5,034 </td> <td>308,876 </td> <td>61.3 </td> <td>L'Aquila </td> <td>108 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pescara" title="Province of Pescara">Pescara</a> </td> <td>1,225 </td> <td>318,701 </td> <td>260.1 </td> <td>Pescara </td> <td>46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">Teramo</a> </td> <td>1,948 </td> <td>308,769 </td> <td>158.5 </td> <td>Teramo </td> <td>47 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abruzzo" title="Politics of Abruzzo">Politics of Abruzzo</a></div> <p>Abruzzo is governed as a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">Executive power</a> is exercised by the regional government. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the government and the regional council. </p><p>The regional government (<i>Giunta regionale</i>) is presided over by the president of the region (<i>presidente della Regione</i>) who is elected for a five-year term. The government is composed of the president and eight ministers (<i>assessori</i>), including a vice president (<i>vicepresidente</i>) and an undersecretary (<i>sottosegretario</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abruzzi_e_Molise" title="Abruzzi e Molise">Abruzzi e Molise</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lower_Paleolithic_tools_from_Abruzzo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lower_Paleolithic_tools_from_Abruzzo.jpg/250px-Lower_Paleolithic_tools_from_Abruzzo.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lower_Paleolithic_tools_from_Abruzzo.jpg/330px-Lower_Paleolithic_tools_from_Abruzzo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lower_Paleolithic_tools_from_Abruzzo.jpg/500px-Lower_Paleolithic_tools_from_Abruzzo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic" title="Lower Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a> tools from <a href="/wiki/Maiella" title="Maiella">Maiella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foro_(river)" title="Foro (river)">Foro river</a>, at Museo La Civitella, <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rovine_di_Amiternum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Rovine_di_Amiternum.JPG/180px-Rovine_di_Amiternum.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Rovine_di_Amiternum.JPG/270px-Rovine_di_Amiternum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Rovine_di_Amiternum.JPG/360px-Rovine_di_Amiternum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Roman site <a href="/wiki/Amiternum" title="Amiternum">Amiternum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio_in_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio_in_2020.jpg/180px-Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio_in_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio_in_2020.jpg/270px-Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio_in_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio_in_2020.jpg/360px-Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio_in_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4920" data-file-height="3276" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The church of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio" title="Santa Maria di Collemaggio">Santa Maria di Collemaggio</a> in <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a>, after the reconstruction in 2020</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Paleolithic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although an earlier presence cannot be ruled out, findings in the region related to <a href="/wiki/Archaic_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic humans">archaic humans</a> date from up to around 700,000 years ago (<a href="/wiki/Acheulean_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Acheulean Culture">Acheulean Culture</a>). Thousands of <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a> <a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">tools</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons">weapons</a> have been collected on <a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">fluvial terraces</a> (e.g. Madonna del Freddo at <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a>) and near <a href="/wiki/Lake#Paleolakes" title="Lake">former lakes</a> (e.g. Valle Giumentina at <a href="/wiki/Caramanico_Terme" title="Caramanico Terme">Caramanico Terme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valle_Peligna" title="Valle Peligna">Valle Peligna</a> at <a href="/wiki/Popoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Popoli">Popoli</a>). These testify to the presence of different <a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a> species over time, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a> to modern humans. A site located at <a href="/wiki/Popoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Popoli">Popoli</a> (Svolte di Popoli) also contained animal bones, which in that case was of a <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamus</a>. The most important evidence of <a href="/wiki/Neanderthals" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthals">Neanderthals</a> presence in the region was found in caves in <a href="/wiki/Calascio" title="Calascio">Calascio</a> and dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-museo_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant evidence of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> populations has been found in various places, including the <a href="/wiki/Fucine_Lake" title="Fucine Lake">Fucino</a> <a href="/wiki/Depression_(geology)" title="Depression (geology)">depression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montebello_di_Bertona" title="Montebello di Bertona">Montebello di Bertona</a>, the latter giving its name to a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Stoneworking" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoneworking">stoneworking</a> technique called "Bertonian".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neolithic">Neolithic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Neolithic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> transition, which was characterized by <a href="/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">climate change</a> and a lack of food resources, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> was introduced in Abruzzo by <a href="/wiki/Early_European_Farmers" title="Early European Farmers">Neolithic farmers</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. A skeleton from Lama dei Peligni in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Chieti" title="Province of Chieti">province of Chieti</a> was dated back to 6,540 BC using radiometric dating.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Abruzzo and <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villages" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages">villages</a> typical of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripoli_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ripoli culture (page does not exist)">Ripoli culture</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_di_Ripoli" class="extiw" title="it:Cultura di Ripoli">it</a>]</span> in the <a href="/wiki/5th_millennium_BC" title="5th millennium BC">5</a>–<a href="/wiki/6th_millennium_BC" title="6th millennium BC">6th millennium BC</a> consisted of <a href="/wiki/Huts" class="mw-redirect" title="Huts">huts</a>, and were generally located on <a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">fluvial terraces</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Hills">hills</a> overlooking <a href="/wiki/Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers">rivers</a>. In some cases they were defended by a <a href="/wiki/Moat" title="Moat">moat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Caves">Caves</a> were often used for <a href="/wiki/Rituals" class="mw-redirect" title="Rituals">rituals</a>. They practiced <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Husbandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Husbandry">husbandry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, and production of <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>, which was painted or decorated.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other older Neolithic cultures present in Abruzzo are called Impressed Ceramic and <a href="/wiki/Catignano" title="Catignano">Catignano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-museo_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metal_Ages">Metal Ages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Metal Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> saw the spread of <a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine culture</a> and Subapennine culture in central-<a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>, including in Abruzzo. The former has been associated with <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralism</a>, and the latter with <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Bronze Age">Late Bronze Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proto-Villanovan_culture" title="Proto-Villanovan culture">Proto-Villanovan culture</a> emerged in Abruzzo.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are sites of <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropoli</a> at Fiorano (<a href="/wiki/Loreto_Aprutino" title="Loreto Aprutino">Loreto Aprutino</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">frazione</a></i>), Campovalano (<a href="/wiki/Campli" title="Campli">Campli</a>), <a href="/wiki/Alfedena" title="Alfedena">Alfedena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capestrano" title="Capestrano">Capestrano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-museo_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ancient history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman expansion in Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guerriero_di_capestrano,_da_capestrano,_600-550_ac_ca._02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Guerriero_di_capestrano%2C_da_capestrano%2C_600-550_ac_ca._02.jpg/220px-Guerriero_di_capestrano%2C_da_capestrano%2C_600-550_ac_ca._02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="503" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Guerriero_di_capestrano%2C_da_capestrano%2C_600-550_ac_ca._02.jpg/330px-Guerriero_di_capestrano%2C_da_capestrano%2C_600-550_ac_ca._02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Guerriero_di_capestrano%2C_da_capestrano%2C_600-550_ac_ca._02.jpg/440px-Guerriero_di_capestrano%2C_da_capestrano%2C_600-550_ac_ca._02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="3184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Warrior_of_Capestrano" title="Warrior of Capestrano">Warrior of Capestrano</a> is the most famous example of Abruzzi <a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic</a> funerary <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_d%27Abruzzo" title="Museo Archeologico Nazionale d'Abruzzo">Museo Archeologico Nazionale d'Abruzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, Abruzzo was inhabited by different tribes, including those defined by ancient Roman tradition as <a href="/wiki/Sabelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabelli">Sabelli</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oscan_language" title="Oscan language">Oscan-speaking</a> <a href="/wiki/Pentri" title="Pentri">Pentri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caraceni_(tribe)" title="Caraceni (tribe)">Carricini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frentani" title="Frentani">Frentani</a>, and, more generically, <a href="/wiki/Osco-Umbrian_languages" title="Osco-Umbrian languages">Osco-Umbrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Aequi" title="Aequi">Aequi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praetutii" title="Praetutii">Praetutii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vestini" title="Vestini">Vestini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marrucini" title="Marrucini">Marrucini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsi" title="Marsi">Marsi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peligni" class="mw-redirect" title="Peligni">Peligni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Considered strong warriors by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient</a> writers, they fought against the Romans in the <a href="/wiki/Samnite_Wars" title="Samnite Wars">Samnite Wars</a> (from 343 to 290 BC). Some tribes accepted the alliance with the Romans, whereas others surrendered after the Samnite Wars. Following progressive <a href="/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)" title="Romanization (cultural)">Romanization</a>, they supported the Romans and contributed to many victories in the <a href="/wiki/3rd_century_BC" title="3rd century BC">3rd</a> and <a href="/wiki/2nd_century_BC" title="2nd century BC">2nd centuries BC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They fought again with Rome during the <a href="/wiki/Social_War_(91%E2%80%9387_BC)" title="Social War (91–87 BC)">Social War (91–87 BC)</a> to gain <a href="/wiki/Political_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Political rights">political rights</a> and created the ephemeral state called Italia with <a href="/wiki/Corfinio" title="Corfinio">Corfinio</a> as the capital. After the Social War, they obtained <a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Roman citizenship</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Imperial</a> period favoured economic activities such as <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the basis of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy#Augustan_organization" title="Roman Italy">division</a> by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, the territory of what is now Abruzzo was part of "Regio V <a href="/wiki/Picenum" title="Picenum">Picenum</a>" and especially "Regio IV <a href="/wiki/Sabina_(region)" title="Sabina (region)">Sabina</a> et <a href="/wiki/Samnium" title="Samnium">Samnium</a>". Much later, the region corresponded to the Valeria province, according to <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> decisions, and was among the first to see the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Italiana_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italiana-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-medievale_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medievale-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Evidence from archeological sites shows that many cities in Abruzzo date back to ancient times. <a href="/wiki/Corfinio" title="Corfinio">Corfinio</a> was known as Corfinium when it was the chief city of the <a href="/wiki/Paeligni" title="Paeligni">Paeligni</a>, and it became the capital of "Italia" against the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Social_War_(91%E2%80%9387_BC)" title="Social War (91–87 BC)">Social War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today's <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a> has been inhabited since the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> era, and was an important center of <a href="/wiki/Marrucini" title="Marrucini">Marrucini</a> (Teate Marrucinorum).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Atri,_Abruzzo" title="Atri, Abruzzo">Atri</a> was known as Hatria<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a> was known variously in ancient times as Interamnia and Teramne.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pinna (today <a href="/wiki/Penne,_Abruzzo" title="Penne, Abruzzo">Penne</a>), Anxanum (<a href="/wiki/Lanciano" title="Lanciano">Lanciano</a>), Hortona (<a href="/wiki/Ortona" title="Ortona">Ortona</a>), Histonium (<a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a> and Marruvium (<a href="/wiki/San_Benedetto_dei_Marsi" title="San Benedetto dei Marsi">San Benedetto dei Marsi</a>) are among the settlements that are still inhabited, while others are no longer so, such as Cluviae near <a href="/wiki/Casoli" title="Casoli">Casoli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region was known as Aprutium in the Middle Ages and, according to a hypothesis, it is a combination of Praetutium, or rather of the name of the people, Praetutii, applied to their chief city, Interamnia, the old <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_Middle_Ages">Early Middle Ages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Early Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantine Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Kingdom of the Lombards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)</a></div> <p>After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(535%E2%80%93554)" title="Gothic War (535–554)">Gothic War</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-museo_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museo-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">looting</a> and devastation of <a href="/wiki/Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Monasteries">monasteries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Towns" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns">towns</a> followed the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> in the region. Around 572, the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> divided Abruzzo into the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Duchy of Benevento</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">Spoleto</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Faroald_I_of_Spoleto" title="Faroald I of Spoleto">Faroald I of Spoleto</a> becoming the first <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Spoleto" title="Duke of Spoleto">Duke of Spoleto</a>. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Ariulf_of_Spoleto" title="Ariulf of Spoleto">Ariulf of Spoleto</a>, annexed other territories: the former territories controlled by <a href="/wiki/Aequi" title="Aequi">Aequi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsi" title="Marsi">Marsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peligni" class="mw-redirect" title="Peligni">Peligni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vestini" title="Vestini">Vestini</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transamund_II_of_Spoleto" title="Transamund II of Spoleto">Transamund II of Spoleto</a> rebelled against <a href="/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Liutprand, King of the Lombards">Liutprand, King of the Lombards</a>, but was able to recover his duchy and also to include other remaining territories of former Valeria province. </p><p>After the beginning of domination by the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>, in 801, Teate (today's <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a>) also passed from the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombardic</a> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Duchy of Benevento</a> to the Frankish <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">Duchy of Spoleto</a>. In 843, some territories were separated from the duchy (all the region together with the district of <a href="/wiki/Rieti" title="Rieti">Rieti</a> and except that of <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a> according to <i>Liber provincialis</i>), with <a href="/wiki/Celano" title="Celano">Celano</a> as capital. So <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Marsi" title="Counts of Marsi">counts of Marsi</a> from different lineages ruled "Marsia" from 843 to 926. In 871, <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II of Italy</a> founded, as the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian Emperor">Carolingian Emperor</a>, a monastery, which would become very powerful in the history of Abruzzo (<a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_San_Clemente_a_Casauria" title="Abbey of San Clemente a Casauria">Abbey of San Clemente a Casauria</a>). With the rule of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh of Italy</a> from 926, the territories were divided: <a href="/wiki/Penne,_Abruzzo" title="Penne, Abruzzo">Penne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Teate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Atto_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Atto I">Atto I</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastaldato_di_Teate" class="extiw" title="it:Gastaldato di Teate">it</a>]</span>, and today's <a href="/wiki/Province_of_L%27Aquila" title="Province of L'Aquila">province of L'Aquila</a> to <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Marsi" title="Counts of Marsi">Berardo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Sicily"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Norman conquest of southern Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen#Ruling_in_Italy" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen § Ruling in Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Capetian House of Anjou</a></div> <p>After two attempted conquests from two <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">princes of Capua</a> in Abruzzo, two other Normans, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Guiscard" title="Robert Guiscard">Robert Guiscard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_Loritello" title="Robert I of Loritello">Robert I of Loritello</a>, conquered <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Teate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corfinio" title="Corfinio">Valva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penne,_Abruzzo" title="Penne, Abruzzo">Penne</a>. Later, all Abruzzo was definitively conquered by <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a>, and in 1156 his son <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Sicily" title="William I of Sicily">William I of Sicily</a> had these victories officially recognized by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_IV" title="Pope Adrian IV">Pope Adrian IV</a>. </p><p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>, Abruzzo was involved in the conflicts following the death of <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Sicily" title="William II of Sicily">William II of Sicily</a> in 1189, and the territories sided with <a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Constance, Queen of Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, but after the death of the former in 1198, they were invaded by <a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. They were also involved in the conflicts between <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> (son of <a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Queen Costance</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Keys" title="War of the Keys">War of the Keys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Italiana_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italiana-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administrative region of Abruzzo was formed in the 1230s, when <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> divided his realms into <a href="/wiki/Justiciarate" title="Justiciarate">justiciarates</a>, with Abruzzo forming one of them.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The newly founded <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a> was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred, King of Sicily</a> (son of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>) in 1259, and supported in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tagliacozzo" title="Battle of Tagliacozzo">Battle of Tagliacozzo</a> (1268) the defeat of his nephew <a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a> against <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I of Anjou</a>, the new <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sicily">king of Sicily</a>. Since the last half of the 13th century, <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a> took a central role in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Italiana_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italiana-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abruzzo was divided into <i><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_Citra" title="Abruzzo Citra">Abruzzo Citra</a></i> (nearer Abruzzo) and <i>Abruzzo Ultra</i> (further Abruzzo) by <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I of Anjou</a> in the 1270s.<sup id="cite_ref-Wine_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wine-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Naples">Kingdom of Naples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Naples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_War_of_1494%E2%80%931495" title="Italian War of 1494–1495">Italian War of 1494–1495</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_Naples" title="List of viceroys of Naples">List of viceroys of Naples</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castello_Caldoresco_di_Vasto_-_anteriore.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Castello_Caldoresco_di_Vasto_-_anteriore.JPG/250px-Castello_Caldoresco_di_Vasto_-_anteriore.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Castello_Caldoresco_di_Vasto_-_anteriore.JPG/330px-Castello_Caldoresco_di_Vasto_-_anteriore.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Castello_Caldoresco_di_Vasto_-_anteriore.JPG/500px-Castello_Caldoresco_di_Vasto_-_anteriore.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Castello_Caldoresco" title="Castello Caldoresco">Castello Caldoresco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the rebellion called <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Vespers" title="Sicilian Vespers">Sicilian Vespers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">subsequent war</a>, in 1302 the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Caltabellotta" title="Peace of Caltabellotta">Peace of Caltabellotta</a> divided the former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> as follows: <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a> (including Abruzzo) still to the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Capetian House of Anjou</a>. </p><p>The region was profoundly affected during the wars that followed a conspiracy which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Andrew,_Duke_of_Calabria#Murder_and_aftermath" title="Andrew, Duke of Calabria">assassination of Andrew, Duke of Calabria</a>, the husband of Queen <a href="/wiki/Joanna_I_of_Naples" title="Joanna I of Naples">Joanna I of Naples</a>. Different towns (<a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penne" title="Penne">Penne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanciano" title="Lanciano">Lanciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ortona" title="Ortona">Ortona</a>) sided at first with the brother of the victim, <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I of Hungary</a>. In 1443, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V of Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sicily">King of Sicily</a>, conquered the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>. In the same years, Abruzzo saw many battles, including the ones associated with the <a href="/wiki/War_of_L%27Aquila" title="War of L'Aquila">War of L'Aquila</a>. Under the Aragonese rulers, <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a> started to become a military center, giving up its political and economic importance to <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a>. This period was characterized by economic decline and the spread of <a href="/wiki/Brigandage" title="Brigandage">brigandage</a>, but coastal centers were favored by trade with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>'s overseas territories. </p><p>Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Italian_War_of_1494%E2%80%931495" title="Italian War of 1494–1495">Italian War of 1494–1495</a> carried out by <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII of France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> returned to <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a>. In this and in the following conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>, Abruzzo sided with France, but Spain won in 1503 and started to dominate the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Viceroys" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroys">viceroys</a>. </p><p>In Abruzzo, the aristocracy vainly tried to regain more control when there was a <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Republic_(1647%E2%80%931648)" title="Neapolitan Republic (1647–1648)">rebellion in the Kingdom of Naples</a> led by a <a href="/wiki/Fisherman" title="Fisherman">fisherman</a> named <a href="/wiki/Masaniello" title="Masaniello">Masaniello</a> in 1647. </p><p>At the beginning of the 18th century, the region was affected by destructive earthquakes, which also devastated <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a> (<a href="/wiki/1703_Apennine_earthquakes" title="1703 Apennine earthquakes">1703 Apennine earthquakes</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/1706_Abruzzo_earthquake" title="1706 Abruzzo earthquake">1706 Abruzzo earthquake</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> siege at <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a> in 1707. In 1734, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>, King of Spain, ended the short <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Hasburg Austrian</a> domination, which contributed to <a href="/wiki/Concentration_of_land_ownership" title="Concentration of land ownership">large land concentrations</a> in Abruzzo.<sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Italiana_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italiana-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_invasions">French invasions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: French invasions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars" title="French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars">French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinando_Galiani.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ferdinando_Galiani.png/220px-Ferdinando_Galiani.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ferdinando_Galiani.png/330px-Ferdinando_Galiani.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ferdinando_Galiani.png/440px-Ferdinando_Galiani.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Galiani" title="Ferdinando Galiani">Ferdinando Galiani</a>, an 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Monetary_economics" title="Monetary economics">monetary economist</a> from Abruzzo</figcaption></figure> <p>In accordance with a general diffidence against the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> ideas, the Abruzzo population of different <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social classes</a> rebelled in an improvised way against <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">French invasion</a> in 1798 and 1799. After the proclamation of the ephemeral <a href="/wiki/Parthenopean_Republic" title="Parthenopean Republic">Parthenopean Republic</a>, they continued to be hostile to French invaders (<i><a href="/wiki/Sanfedismo" title="Sanfedismo">Sanfedismo</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Italiana_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italiana-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)">client kingdom</a> (1806–1815) of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, in 1806, Abruzzo Ultra was divided into two, as Abruzzo Ultra I and Abruzzo Ultra II (being divided at the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_d%27Italia" title="Gran Sasso d'Italia">Gran Sasso d'Italia</a>); the same Citra/Ultra I/Ultra II scheme was used for Calabria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Two_Sicilies">Kingdom of Two Sicilies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Two Sicilies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></div> <p>The return of the <a href="/wiki/Bourbons" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbons">Bourbons</a> was granted by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, while Abruzzo was plagued by decline and <a href="/wiki/Brigandage" title="Brigandage">brigandage</a>. The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> in 1816, and ruled until <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> (also known as the <i>Risorgimento</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-regions_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regions-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Italiana_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italiana-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_unification">Italian unification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Italian unification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a></div> <p>Many rebelled again in 1821, 1841 and <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">1848</a>, but the ideologies of insurgents were different, and included <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobin</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a> ideas. During the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a>, in 1860, Abruzzo became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> and, in 1861, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>. Some supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Bourbons" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbons">Bourbons</a> fought against volunteers of <a href="/wiki/Garibaldi" class="mw-redirect" title="Garibaldi">Garibaldi</a>, and later banded with simple criminals to participate for political reasons in <a href="/wiki/Brigandage" title="Brigandage">brigandage</a>, which would be eradicated years later. However, many accepted the new order with neither enthusiasm nor opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-Italiana_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italiana-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1870, due to its economic conditions, Abruzzo saw massive emigration to other regions and countries, which contributed to <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fascism_and_World_War_II">Fascism and World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Fascism and World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a> became an important center for its <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Pescara" title="Port of Pescara">homonymous port</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Abruzzo was on the <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav Line">Gustav Line</a>, part of the German <a href="/wiki/Winter_Line" title="Winter Line">Winter Line</a>. One of the most brutal battles was the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ortona" title="Battle of Ortona">Battle of Ortona</a>. Abruzzo was the location of two <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Italy" title="List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Italy">prisoners of war camps</a>, Campo 21 in Chieti,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Campo 78 in Sulmona. The Sulmona camp also served as a POW camp in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>; much of the facility is still intact and attracts tourists interested in <a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">military history</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_Republic">Italian Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Italian Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the high level of destructions and victims caused by the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, there was remarkable development in the second half of the 20th century, which particularly favored <a href="/wiki/Fucino" class="mw-redirect" title="Fucino">Fucino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">coastal</a> areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1948 <a href="/wiki/Italian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Constitution">Italian Constitution</a>, these were unified with Molise into the <a href="/wiki/Abruzzi_e_Molise" title="Abruzzi e Molise">Abruzzi e Molise</a> region, though in the first draft Abruzzo and Molise were separate, and in 1963 Abruzzi e Molise was separated into the two regions of Abruzzo and Molise. Abruzzo Citeriore is now the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Chieti" title="Province of Chieti">province of Chieti</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">province of Teramo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pescara" title="Province of Pescara">province of Pescara</a> now comprise what was Abruzzo Ulteriore I. Abruzzo Ulteriore II is now the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_L%27Aquila" title="Province of L'Aquila">province of L'Aquila</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geographically, Abruzzo is nearly at the center of <a href="/wiki/Italian_peninsula" title="Italian peninsula">Italian peninsula</a>, stretching from the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>, and includes mainly mountainous and wild land. The mountainous land is occupied by a vast plateau, including <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Sasso">Gran Sasso</a>, at 2,912 metres (9,554 ft) the highest peak of the Apennines, and <a href="/wiki/Majella" class="mw-redirect" title="Majella">Mount Majella</a> at 2,793 metres (9,163 ft). The <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> coastline is characterized by long sandy beaches to the North and pebbly beaches to the South. Abruzzo is well known for its landscapes and natural environment, parks and nature reserves, characteristic hillside areas rich in vineyards and olive groves. Many beaches have been awarded the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Flag_beach" title="Blue Flag beach">Blue Flag beach</a> status.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lungomare_giulianova.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Lungomare_giulianova.jpg/220px-Lungomare_giulianova.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Lungomare_giulianova.jpg/330px-Lungomare_giulianova.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Lungomare_giulianova.jpg/440px-Lungomare_giulianova.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giulianova" title="Giulianova">Giulianova</a> seaside</figcaption></figure> <p>In Abruzzo there are two climatic zones. The coastal strip and <a href="/wiki/Sub-Apennine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Apennine">sub-Apennine</a> hills have a climate markedly different from that of the mountainous interior. Coastal areas have a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> climate with hot dry summers and mild winters. Inland hilly areas have a <a href="/wiki/Supralittoral_zone" title="Supralittoral zone">sublittoral</a> climate with temperatures decreasing progressively with increasing altitude.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precipitation is also strongly affected by the presence of the Apennines mountain range. Rainfall is abundant on slopes oriented to the west, and lower in east and east-facing slopes. The Adriatic coast is shielded from rainfall by the barrier effect created by the Apennines.<sup id="cite_ref-centrometeo_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centrometeo-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The minimum annual rainfall is found in some inland valleys, sheltered by mountain ranges, such as Peligna or Tirino (<a href="/wiki/Ofena" title="Ofena">Ofena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capestrano" title="Capestrano">Capestrano</a>), where as little as 500 millimetres (19.7 inches) were recorded. Rainfall along the coast almost always never falls below 600 millimetres (23.6 inches). <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a> has relatively less rainfall (about 700 millimetres (27.6 inches)) than <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a> (about 1,000 millimetres (39.4 inches)).<sup id="cite_ref-centrometeo_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centrometeo-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest rainfall occurs in upland areas on the border with <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>; they are especially vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a> disturbances. Around 1,500 to 2,000 millimetres (59 to 79 inches) of precipitation is typical.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzo National Park">Abruzzo National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_and_Monti_della_Laga_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park">Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maiella_National_Park" title="Maiella National Park">Maiella National Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sirente-Velino_Regional_Park" title="Sirente-Velino Regional Park">Sirente-Velino Regional Park</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corno_grande_da_campo_imperatore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Corno_grande_da_campo_imperatore.jpg/220px-Corno_grande_da_campo_imperatore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Corno_grande_da_campo_imperatore.jpg/330px-Corno_grande_da_campo_imperatore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Corno_grande_da_campo_imperatore.jpg/440px-Corno_grande_da_campo_imperatore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6458" data-file-height="4799" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_d%27Italia" title="Gran Sasso d'Italia">Gran Sasso d'Italia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orso_bruno_marsicano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Orso_bruno_marsicano.jpg/220px-Orso_bruno_marsicano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Orso_bruno_marsicano.jpg/330px-Orso_bruno_marsicano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Orso_bruno_marsicano.jpg/440px-Orso_bruno_marsicano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2333" data-file-height="1555" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marsican_brown_bear" title="Marsican brown bear">Marsican brown bear</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The flora of Abruzzo is typically Mediterranean. Along the coastal belt <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_shrubland" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean shrubland">Mediterranean shrubland</a> Is the dominant natural vegetation, with species including <a href="/wiki/Myrtus" title="Myrtus">myrtle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">heather</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pistacia_lentiscus" title="Pistacia lentiscus">mastic</a>. Inland are found <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">willow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">poplar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbutus" title="Arbutus">arbutus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broom" title="Broom">broom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capers" class="mw-redirect" title="Capers">capers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">rosemary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_hawthorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Common hawthorn">hawthorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Licorice" class="mw-redirect" title="Licorice">licorice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almond</a> trees, interspersed with <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> trees. At elevations between 600 and 1,000 metres (2,000 and 3,300 ft) there is <a href="/wiki/Sub-montane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-montane">sub-montane</a> vegetation, with mixed woodlands of oak and turkey oak, maple and <a href="/wiki/Hornbeam" title="Hornbeam">hornbeam</a>; shrubs include <a href="/wiki/Dog_rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog rose">dog rose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_juniper" class="mw-redirect" title="Red juniper">red juniper</a>. Elevations between 1,000 and 1,900 metres (3,300 and 6,200 ft) are dominated by beech. In the <a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennine Mountains</a> at elevations above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) species include <a href="/wiki/Chamorchis" title="Chamorchis">alpine orchid</a>, mountain juniper, <a href="/wiki/Abies_alba" title="Abies alba">silver fir</a>, black cranberry and the Abruzzo <a href="/wiki/Edelweiss" class="mw-redirect" title="Edelweiss">edelweiss</a>. </p><p>The fauna of Abruzzo is very diverse, including the region's symbol, the Abruzzo chamois (<i><a href="/wiki/Rupicapra_pyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupicapra pyrenaica">Rupicapra pyrenaica</a> ornata</i>), which has recovered from near-extinction. Common species include <a href="/wiki/Marsican_brown_bear" title="Marsican brown bear">Marsican brown bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canis_lupus_italicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Canis lupus italicus">Italian wolf</a>, deer, lynx, roe deer, snow vole, fox, porcupine, wild cat, wild boar, badger, otter, and viper. </p><p>The natural parks of the region are the <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzo National Park">Abruzzo National Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_and_Monti_della_Laga_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park">Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maiella_National_Park" title="Maiella National Park">Maiella National Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sirente-Velino_Regional_Park" title="Sirente-Velino Regional Park">Sirente-Velino Regional Park</a>, as well as many other natural reserves and protected areas.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the ancient beech forests of the Abruzzo Lazio and Molise National Park of Europe were recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, with the region thus gaining its first prestigious site.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Abruzzo" title="Economy of Abruzzo">Economy of Abruzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzo (wine)">Abruzzo (wine)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Abruzzo" title="Tourism in Abruzzo">Tourism in Abruzzo</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_03_(RaBoe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_03_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/250px-Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_03_%28RaBoe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_03_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/330px-Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_03_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo" title="Montepulciano d'Abruzzo">Montepulciano</a> grapes</figcaption></figure> <p>Until a few decades ago, Abruzzo was a backward region of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a>. Since the 1950s, Abruzzo has showed steady economic growth. In 1951, per capita income or GDP was 53% of that of wealthier <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a>. The gap has since narrowed, being 65% in 1971 and 76% by 1994. The region reached the highest per capita GDP of Southern Italy through the highest growth rate of every other <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">region of Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unemployment rate stood at 9.3% in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abruzzo is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">the 16th most productive region in the country</a>, and is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GRP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian regions by GRP per capita">the 15th for GRP per capita</a> among Italian regions. </p><p>As of 2003, Abruzzo's per capita GDP was €19,506 or 84% of the national average of €23,181, compared to the average value for Southern Italy of €15,808.<sup id="cite_ref-bancaditalia.it_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bancaditalia.it-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the region's average GDP per capita was approximately 20,100 EUR.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction of <a href="/wiki/Autostrade_of_Italy" title="Autostrade of Italy">motorways</a> from Rome to <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A24_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A24 (Italy)">A24</a>) and Rome to <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A25_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A25 (Italy)">A25</a>), which provided better access to the region, is credited as a driver of public and private investments. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2009_L%27Aquila_earthquake" title="2009 L'Aquila earthquake">2009 L'Aquila earthquake</a> led to a sharp economic slowdown. However, according to statistics at the end of 2010, some signals of recovery were noted.<sup id="cite_ref-bancaditalia.it_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bancaditalia.it-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regional economic growth was recorded as 1.47%, which actually placed Abruzzo fourth among Italy's regions after <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Abruzzo's economic growth was +2.3%, the highest percentage among the regions of Southern Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pastificio_De_Cecco,_Fara_San_Martino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Pastificio_De_Cecco%2C_Fara_San_Martino.jpg/250px-Pastificio_De_Cecco%2C_Fara_San_Martino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Pastificio_De_Cecco%2C_Fara_San_Martino.jpg/330px-Pastificio_De_Cecco%2C_Fara_San_Martino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Pastificio_De_Cecco%2C_Fara_San_Martino.jpg/500px-Pastificio_De_Cecco%2C_Fara_San_Martino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/De_Cecco" title="De Cecco">De Cecco</a> factory in Fara San Martino</figcaption></figure> <p>From the early 1950s to the mid-1990s, Abruzzo's industrial sector expanded rapidly, especially in <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a>, transportation equipment and telecommunications.<sup id="cite_ref-eib.org_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eib.org-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure of production in the region reflects the transformation of the economy from agriculture to industry and services. The industrial sector relies on few large enterprises and the predominance of small and medium enterprises. In the <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">applied research</a> field, there are major institutes and enterprises involved in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutics" title="Pharmaceutics">pharmaceutics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomedicine" title="Biomedicine">biomedicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a>. The industrial infrastructure is dispersed throughout the region in industrial zones. The most important of these are: Val Pescara, Val di Sangro, Val Trigno, Val Vibrata and Conca del Fucino. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">province of Teramo</a> is one of the most industrialized areas of Italy and of the region, with numerous small and medium-sized companies,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then follows the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Chieti" title="Province of Chieti">province of Chieti</a> and that of <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a>, which is also supported by <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>; the Val Vibrata (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">province of Teramo</a>), on the border with the <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> region, is home to a myriad of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially in the textile and footwear sectors. The Val di Sangro (province of Chieti), on the other hand, is home to important multinationals and a factory belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sevel" title="Sevel">Sevel</a>) group. The area of <a href="/wiki/Valle_Peligna" title="Valle Peligna">Valle Peligna</a> (province of L'Aquila) is also home to industries (the famous one of <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a> sugared almonds), while other areas such as Pescara and Theatine are home to numerous industries, including multinationals (for example <a href="/wiki/De_Cecco" title="De Cecco">De Cecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a>, Monti & Ambrosini Editori, Brioni, Ennedue and <a href="/wiki/Miss_Sixty" title="Miss Sixty">Miss Sixty</a>, mostly concentrated in the industrial district of Val Pescara in the province of Chieti). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centerba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Centerba.jpg/250px-Centerba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Centerba.jpg/330px-Centerba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Centerba.jpg/500px-Centerba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2067" data-file-height="2153" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Centerba" class="mw-redirect" title="Centerba">Centerba</a>, typical liquor of Abruzzo</figcaption></figure> <p>Agriculture, based on small holdings, has modernised and produces high-quality products. The mostly small-scale producers are active in wine, <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a>, potatoes, olives, vegetables, fruit and <a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">dairy products</a>. Traditional products are <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">liquorice</a>. By the late 20th and early 21st centuries, <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo" title="Montepulciano d'Abruzzo">Montepulciano d'Abruzzo</a>, the region's most famous wine, had become one of the most widely exported DOC-classed wines in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Vino_Italiano_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vino_Italiano-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region produces about 850,000 <a href="/wiki/Quintal" title="Quintal">quintals</a> of fruit, 5 million quintals of vegetables, 1,600,000 quintals of potatoes, and 5,000,000 quintals of grapes, produced both for eating and for winemaking; the latter is estimated at between 3 and 4 million hectoliters, with the production of wines such as <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo" title="Montepulciano d'Abruzzo">Montepulciano d'Abruzzo</a> in the red and cerasuolo (rosé) varieties, <a href="/wiki/Trebbiano_d%27Abruzzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Trebbiano d'Abruzzo">Trebbiano d'Abruzzo</a>, Pecorino and the Chardonnay; oil production, on the other hand, stands at 1,350,000 quintals of olives and 240,000 quintals of <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">oil</a> (<i>Aprutino Pescarese</i>, <i>Pretuziano delle Colline Teramane</i> and <i>Colline Teatine</i>), figures that put Abruzzo in sixth place among the Italian regions; as regards cereals, the <a href="/wiki/Durum_wheat" title="Durum wheat">durum wheat</a> with over 1.5 million quintals constitutes the main cereal, followed by <a href="/wiki/Soft_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft wheat">soft wheat</a> (one million quintals), then <a href="/wiki/Hordeum_vulgare" class="mw-redirect" title="Hordeum vulgare">barley</a> (0.5 million quintals ); other crops are also grown, among them <a href="/wiki/Beetroot" title="Beetroot">beetroot</a> (2,500,000 quintals), and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> (45,000 quintals).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campotosto_lake.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Campotosto_lake.JPG/220px-Campotosto_lake.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Campotosto_lake.JPG/330px-Campotosto_lake.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Campotosto_lake.JPG/440px-Campotosto_lake.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3061" data-file-height="2296" /></a><figcaption>Campotosto Artificial Lake</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism is an important economic sector;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the past decade, tourism has increased, mainly centered on its national parks and natural reserves,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ski and beach resorts,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular along the <a href="/wiki/Trabocchi_Coast" title="Trabocchi Coast">Trabocchi Coast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abruzzo's castles and medieval towns,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially in the area of <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a>, have led to the creation of the nickname of "Abruzzoshire", along <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Chiantishire" title="Chiantishire">Chiantishire</a>". In spite of this, Abruzzo is still "off the beaten path" for most visitors to Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Very popular with visitors from all over Italy and Europe are the natural parks of the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical region">region</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Parco_Nazionale_d%27Abruzzo,_Lazio_e_Molise" class="mw-redirect" title="Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise">Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_e_Monti_della_Laga_National_Park" title="Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park">Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maiella_National_Park" title="Maiella National Park">Maiella National Park</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and regional park <a href="/wiki/Sirente_Velino_Regional_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirente Velino Regional Park">Sirente Velino Regional Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which every year see thousands of visitors attracted by their unspoiled nature and rare wild <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> species such as Abruzzo chamois, with the region boasting many reserves and protected natural areas<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lakes<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Campotosto_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Campotosto Lake">Campotosto Lake</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Scanno" title="Lago di Scanno">Lago di Scanno</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gran_Sasso_National_Park_Landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gran_Sasso_National_Park_Landscape.jpg/220px-Gran_Sasso_National_Park_Landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gran_Sasso_National_Park_Landscape.jpg/330px-Gran_Sasso_National_Park_Landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gran_Sasso_National_Park_Landscape.jpg/440px-Gran_Sasso_National_Park_Landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5915" data-file-height="3924" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_e_Monti_della_Laga_National_Park" title="Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park">Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the inland mountain areas there are the ski resorts of <a href="/wiki/Scanno,_Abruzzo" title="Scanno, Abruzzo">Scanno</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ovindoli" title="Ovindoli">Ovindoli</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pescasseroli" title="Pescasseroli">Pescasseroli</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roccaraso" title="Roccaraso">Roccaraso</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Campo_Imperatore" title="Campo Imperatore">Campo Imperatore</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campo Felice,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rivisondoli" title="Rivisondoli">Rivisondoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pescocostanzo" title="Pescocostanzo">Pescocostanzo</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Pianoro Campitelli<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where winter tourism is highly developed and then you can play sports such as <a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">alpine skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ski_mountaineering" title="Ski mountaineering">ski mountaineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ski_touring" title="Ski touring">ski touring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dog_sledding" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog sledding">dog sledding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other trails and facilities are in Passolanciano-Majelletta,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campo Rotondo,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Campo_di_Giove" title="Campo di Giove">Campo di Giove</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piani di pezza,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voltigno,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Centomonti,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macchiarvana,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monte Piselli<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where winter tourism is highly developed and then you can play sports such as <a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">alpine skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ski_mountaineering" title="Ski mountaineering">ski mountaineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ski_touring" title="Ski touring">ski touring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dog_sledding" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog sledding">dog sledding</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Costa_Dei_Trabocchi_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/La_Costa_Dei_Trabocchi_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-La_Costa_Dei_Trabocchi_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/La_Costa_Dei_Trabocchi_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-La_Costa_Dei_Trabocchi_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/La_Costa_Dei_Trabocchi_-_panoramio.jpg/500px-La_Costa_Dei_Trabocchi_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Trabocchi Coast, Fossacesia</figcaption></figure> <p>Also of considerable importance is the summer coastal and seaside tourism, which sees the presence of numerous tourist bathing establishments equipped in various centers of the coast such as <a href="/wiki/Montesilvano" title="Montesilvano">Montesilvano</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pineto" title="Pineto">Pineto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roseto_degli_Abruzzi" title="Roseto degli Abruzzi">Roseto degli Abruzzi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Giulianova" title="Giulianova">Giulianova</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alba_Adriatica" title="Alba Adriatica">Alba Adriatica</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tortoreto" title="Tortoreto">Tortoreto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Francavilla_al_Mare" title="Francavilla al Mare">Francavilla al Mare</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ortona" title="Ortona">Ortona</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martinsicuro" title="Martinsicuro">Martinsicuro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Silvi_Marina" class="mw-redirect" title="Silvi Marina">Silvi Marina</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Trabocchi_Coast" title="Trabocchi Coast">Trabocchi Coast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG/250px-Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG/330px-Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG/500px-Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Gabriel%27s_shrine" title="St. Gabriel's shrine">St. Gabriel's shrine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Finally, tourism for historical and cultural purposes is also important, concentrated above all in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Lanciano" title="Lanciano">Lanciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulianova" title="Giulianova">Giulianova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a>, and above all <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a> which can boast many monuments, museums, castles and churches (<a href="/wiki/St._Gabriel%27s_shrine" title="St. Gabriel's shrine">St. Gabriel's shrine</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio" title="Santa Maria di Collemaggio">Santa Maria di Collemaggio</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) of national importance; also <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a> despite being a modern city, boasts monuments, churches and museums of historical importance such as the <a href="/wiki/Birthplace_of_Gabriele_D%27Annunzio_Museum" title="Birthplace of Gabriele D'Annunzio Museum">Birthplace of Gabriele D'Annunzio Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the inland mountain areas there are <a href="/wiki/I_Borghi_pi%C3%B9_belli_d%27Italia" title="I Borghi più belli d'Italia">ancient villages</a>, castles, hermitages, sanctuaries abbeys, and ancient churches.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abruzzo,_travel_poster_for_ENIT_(LOC_cph.3g12505).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Abruzzo%2C_travel_poster_for_ENIT_%28LOC_cph.3g12505%29.jpg/150px-Abruzzo%2C_travel_poster_for_ENIT_%28LOC_cph.3g12505%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Abruzzo%2C_travel_poster_for_ENIT_%28LOC_cph.3g12505%29.jpg/225px-Abruzzo%2C_travel_poster_for_ENIT_%28LOC_cph.3g12505%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Abruzzo%2C_travel_poster_for_ENIT_%28LOC_cph.3g12505%29.jpg/300px-Abruzzo%2C_travel_poster_for_ENIT_%28LOC_cph.3g12505%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3415" data-file-height="4947" /></a><figcaption>Travel poster from the 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>Abruzzo has many small and picturesque villages, 26 of them have been selected by <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/I_Borghi_pi%C3%B9_belli_d%27Italia" title="I Borghi più belli d'Italia">I Borghi più belli d'Italia</a></i></span> (English: <span lang="en">The most beautiful Villages of Italy</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These villages are: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veduta_di_Pacentro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Veduta_di_Pacentro.jpg/220px-Veduta_di_Pacentro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Veduta_di_Pacentro.jpg/330px-Veduta_di_Pacentro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Veduta_di_Pacentro.jpg/440px-Veduta_di_Pacentro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4758" data-file-height="3162" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pacentro" title="Pacentro">Pacentro</a> is one of "<a href="/wiki/I_Borghi_pi%C3%B9_belli_d%27Italia" title="I Borghi più belli d'Italia">The Most Beautiful Villages in Italy</a>".</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbateggio" title="Abbateggio">Abbateggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anversa_degli_Abruzzi" title="Anversa degli Abruzzi">Anversa degli Abruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugnara" title="Bugnara">Bugnara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campli" title="Campli">Campli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramanico_Terme" title="Caramanico Terme">Caramanico Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casoli" title="Casoli">Casoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte,_Abruzzo" title="Castel del Monte, Abruzzo">Castel del Monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelli,_Abruzzo" title="Castelli, Abruzzo">Castelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_Sant%27Angelo" title="Città Sant'Angelo">Città Sant'Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civitella_del_Tronto" title="Civitella del Tronto">Civitella del Tronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crecchio" title="Crecchio">Crecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardiagrele" title="Guardiagrele">Guardiagrele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navelli" title="Navelli">Navelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opi,_Abruzzo" title="Opi, Abruzzo">Opi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacentro" title="Pacentro">Pacentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palena,_Abruzzo" title="Palena, Abruzzo">Palena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penne,_Abruzzo" title="Penne, Abruzzo">Penne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescocostanzo" title="Pescocostanzo">Pescocostanzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettorano_sul_Gizio" title="Pettorano sul Gizio">Pettorano sul Gizio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietracamela" title="Pietracamela">Pietracamela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretoro" title="Pretoro">Pretoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocca_San_Giovanni" title="Rocca San Giovanni">Rocca San Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_di_Sessanio" title="Santo Stefano di Sessanio">Santo Stefano di Sessanio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanno,_Abruzzo" title="Scanno, Abruzzo">Scanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagliacozzo" title="Tagliacozzo">Tagliacozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villalago" title="Villalago">Villalago</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">858,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">906,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">946,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,070,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,116,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+4.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,131,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,168,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,202,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,277,207</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,206,266</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−5.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,166,694</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,217,791</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,249,054</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,262,392</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,307,309</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,275,950</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chieti001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Chieti001.jpg/220px-Chieti001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Chieti001.jpg/330px-Chieti001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Chieti001.jpg/440px-Chieti001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Although the population density of Abruzzo has increased over recent decades, it is still well below the Italian national average: in 2008, 123.4 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>, compared to 198.8. In the provinces, the density varies: as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pescara" title="Province of Pescara">Pescara</a> is the most densely populated with 260.1 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>, whereas L'Aquila is the least densely populated with 61.3 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>, although it has the largest area. After decades of emigration from the region, the main feature of the 1980s is immigration from third world countries. The population increase is due to the positive net migration. Since 1991 more deaths than births were registered in Abruzzo (except for 1999, when their numbers were equal).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the Italian <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">national institute of statistics</a> ISTAT estimated that 59,749 foreign-born immigrants live in Abruzzo, equal to 4.5% of the total regional population. </p><p>The most serious demographic imbalance is between the mountainous areas of the interior and the coastal strip. The largest province, L'Aquila, is situated entirely in the interior and has the lowest population density. The movement of the population of Abruzzo from the mountains to the sea has led to the almost complete urbanization of the entire coastal strip especially in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">province of Teramo</a> and Chieti. The effects on the interior have been impoverishment and demographic aging, reflected by an activity rate in the province of L'Aquila which is the lowest among the provinces in Abruzzo – accompanied by geological degradation as a result of the absence of conservation measures. In the coastal strip, however, there is such a jumble of accommodations and activities that the environment has been negatively affected. The policy of providing incentives for development has resulted in the setting-up of industrial zones, some of which (<a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avezzano" title="Avezzano">Avezzano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carsoli" title="Carsoli">Carsoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gissi" title="Gissi">Gissi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_Vibrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val Vibrata (page does not exist)">Val Vibrata</a>, Val di Sangro) have made genuine progress, while others (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_Pescara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val Pescara (page does not exist)">Val Pescara</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a>) have run into trouble after their initial success. The zones of <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guardiagrele" title="Guardiagrele">Guardiagrele</a> have turned out to be more or less failures. Outside these zones, the main activities are agriculture and tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i> placed Abruzzo in fifth position among the 12 best regions in the world for quality of life.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_settlements">Main settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Main settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'Aquila is both the capital city of the Abruzzo region and of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_L%27Aquila" title="Province of L'Aquila">Province of L'Aquila</a> and second largest city (pop. 73,000). L'Aquila was hit by an <a href="/wiki/2009_L%27Aquila_earthquake" title="2009 L'Aquila earthquake">earthquake</a> on 6 April 2009, which destroyed much of the city center. The other provincial capitals are <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a>, which is Abruzzo's largest city and major port (pop. 123,000); <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a> (pop. 55,000) and <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a> (pop. 55,000). Other large municipalities in Abruzzo include the industrial and <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high tech</a> center <a href="/wiki/Avezzano" title="Avezzano">Avezzano</a> (pop. 41,000), as well as three important industrial and touristic centers such as <a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a> (pop. 40,636), <a href="/wiki/Lanciano" title="Lanciano">Lanciano</a> (pop. 36,000), and <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a> (pop. 25,000). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzo International Airport">Abruzzo International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Pescara" title="Port of Pescara">Port of Pescara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_railway" title="Adriatic railway">Adriatic railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A14_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A14 (Italy)">Autostrada A14 (Italy)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A24_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A24 (Italy)">Autostrada A24 (Italy)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A25_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A25 (Italy)">Autostrada A25 (Italy)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzo International Airport">Abruzzo International Airport</a> is the only international airport in the region. Open to civilian traffic since 1996, the number of passengers has increased over the years because of low-cost air carriers' use of the facility. Today, the airport has a catchment area of over 500,000 passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila-Preturo_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Aquila-Preturo Airport">L'Aquila-Preturo Airport</a> is located near L'Aquila, but remains underused.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marina_di_Pescara,_December_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Marina_di_Pescara%2C_December_2014.jpg/220px-Marina_di_Pescara%2C_December_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Marina_di_Pescara%2C_December_2014.jpg/330px-Marina_di_Pescara%2C_December_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Marina_di_Pescara%2C_December_2014.jpg/440px-Marina_di_Pescara%2C_December_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3166" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Pescara" title="Port of Pescara">port of Pescara</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>There are four main ports in Abruzzo: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Pescara" title="Port of Pescara">Pescara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ortona" title="Ortona">Ortona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giulianova" title="Giulianova">Giulianova</a>. </p><p>Over the years, the Port of Pescara has become one of the most important tourist ports of Italy and the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. Heavily damaged in World War II, it underwent major renovations for some sixty years. It now consists of a modern marina with advanced moorings and shipbuilding facilities. It has been awarded the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s blue flag for its services. The port of Pescara has lost passenger traffic because of its shallowness and silting, but its fishery and <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> activities are thriving.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a significant disparity between the railways of the Abruzzo coast and the inland areas, which badly need modernization to improve the service, in particular, the <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a> line. </p><p>Existing railway lines: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_railway" title="Adriatic railway">Adriatic railway</a> runs through the whole of Italy from north to south, along the Adriatic Sea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></li> <li>Sulmona – <a href="/wiki/Carpinone" title="Carpinone">Carpinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terni%E2%80%93Sulmona_railway" title="Terni–Sulmona railway">Sulmona–Terni railway</a></li> <li>Avezzano railroad – Roccasecca</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulianova" title="Giulianova">Giulianova</a> – <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a></li> <li>Sangritana (<a href="/wiki/Lanciano" title="Lanciano">Lanciano</a> – <a href="/wiki/Castel_di_Sangro" title="Castel di Sangro">Castel di Sangro</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways">Highways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponte_Salinello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ponte_Salinello.jpg/250px-Ponte_Salinello.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ponte_Salinello.jpg/330px-Ponte_Salinello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ponte_Salinello.jpg/500px-Ponte_Salinello.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Salinello Bridge on the <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A14_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A14 (Italy)">A14</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>There are three highways that serve the region: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A24_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A24 (Italy)">A24</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a> – <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a>) was built in the 1970s and connects Rome with the Adriatic coast in less than two hour-drive. The <a href="/wiki/Traforo_del_Gran_Sasso" title="Traforo del Gran Sasso">Gran Sasso tunnel</a>, the longest road tunnel entirely on Italian territory, was opened in 1984.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A25_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A25 (Italy)">A25</a> (Torano – Avezzano – Pescara) connects Rome with Pescara. The road branches off A24 in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torano_di_Borgorose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torano di Borgorose (page does not exist)">Torano</a>, spans the <a href="/wiki/Fucino" class="mw-redirect" title="Fucino">Fucino</a> basin, crosses the Apennines, and merges with <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A14_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A14 (Italy)">A14</a> near Pescara.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A14_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A14 (Italy)">A14</a> <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A14_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A14 (Italy)">"Adriatica"</a>, includes 743 km (461.68 mi) of dual-carriage motorway between <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Abruzzo" title="Music of Abruzzo">Music of Abruzzo</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Abruzzo" title="List of museums in Abruzzo">List of museums in Abruzzo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casteldelmonte_flickr01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Casteldelmonte_flickr01.jpg/250px-Casteldelmonte_flickr01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Casteldelmonte_flickr01.jpg/330px-Casteldelmonte_flickr01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Casteldelmonte_flickr01.jpg/500px-Casteldelmonte_flickr01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte_(Abruzzo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Castel del Monte (Abruzzo)">Castel del Monte</a>, one of Abruzzo's little-known hill towns</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HPIM0317.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/HPIM0317.JPG/250px-HPIM0317.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/HPIM0317.JPG/330px-HPIM0317.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/HPIM0317.JPG/500px-HPIM0317.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Fishing <a href="/wiki/Trabucco" title="Trabucco">trabucco</a> of <a href="/wiki/San_Vito_Chietino" title="San Vito Chietino">San Vito Chietino</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The museum <a href="/wiki/Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_d%27Abruzzo" title="Museo Archeologico Nazionale d'Abruzzo">Museo Archeologico Nazionale d'Abruzzo</a> in Chieti houses the famed statue <i><a href="/wiki/Warrior_of_Capestrano" title="Warrior of Capestrano">Warrior of Capestrano</a></i> which was found in a necropolis of the 6th century BC. Across the region, among the prominent cultural and historical buildings are: <a href="/wiki/Teramo_Cathedral" title="Teramo Cathedral">Teramo Cathedral</a>, its archeological museum and the Roman theater, the Castello della Monica, the <a href="/wiki/Collurania-Teramo_Observatory" title="Collurania-Teramo Observatory">Collurania-Teramo Observatory</a>, the famous <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a> Basilica of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio" title="Santa Maria di Collemaggio">Santa Maria di Collemaggio</a> (which holds the remains of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Pope Celestine V</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nazionale_d%27Abruzzo" title="Museo Nazionale d'Abruzzo">Museo Nazionale d'Abruzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Suffragio,_L%27Aquila" title="Santa Maria del Suffragio, L'Aquila">Santa Maria del Suffragio</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Forte_Spagnolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Forte Spagnolo">Forte Spagnolo</a>, the Fountain of 99 Spouts, <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">Gabriele D'Annunzio</a>'s house in <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campli" title="Campli">Campli</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Scala_Sancta" title="Scala Sancta">Scala Sancta</a> and its church, the church of Santissima Annunziata in <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a>, the cathedrals of <a href="/wiki/Chieti_Cathedral" title="Chieti Cathedral">Chieti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanciano" title="Lanciano">Lanciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guardiagrele" title="Guardiagrele">Guardiagrele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atri,_Abruzzo" title="Atri, Abruzzo">Atri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a> along with the castles of <a href="/wiki/Ortona" title="Ortona">Ortona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celano" title="Celano">Celano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ortucchio" title="Ortucchio">Ortucchio</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:306px;max-width:306px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serramonacesca_chiesa_benedettina_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Serramonacesca_chiesa_benedettina_03.jpg/148px-Serramonacesca_chiesa_benedettina_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Serramonacesca_chiesa_benedettina_03.jpg/222px-Serramonacesca_chiesa_benedettina_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Serramonacesca_chiesa_benedettina_03.jpg/296px-Serramonacesca_chiesa_benedettina_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/San_Liberatore_a_Maiella" title="San Liberatore a Maiella">Abbazia di San Liberatore a Majella</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serramonacesca" title="Serramonacesca">Serramonacesca</a>)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chieti_San_Giustino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Chieti_San_Giustino.jpg/250px-Chieti_San_Giustino.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Chieti_San_Giustino.jpg/330px-Chieti_San_Giustino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Cathedral of San Giustino (<a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Every year on 28–29 August, L'Aquila's <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_di_Collemaggio" title="Santa Maria di Collemaggio">Santa Maria di Collemaggio</a> commemorates the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perdonanza_Celestiniana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perdonanza Celestiniana (page does not exist)">Perdonanza Celestiniana</a>, the indulgence issued by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Pope Celestine V</a> to anyone who, "truly repentant and confessed" would visit that Church from the Vespers of the vigil to the vespers of 29 August.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> is commemorated with traditional celebrations and rituals, such as "La Madonna che scappa in piazza", when a large statue of the <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Mary</a>, carried by a group of local fraternities, is carried across the square in procession.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cocullo" title="Cocullo">Cocullo</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_L%27Aquila" title="Province of L'Aquila">province of L'Aquila</a>, holds the annual "Festa dei serpari" (festival of snake handlers) in which a statue of St. Dominic, covered with live snakes, is carried in a procession through the town; it attracts thousands of Italian and foreign visitors. In many Abruzzo villages, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_the_Great" title="Anthony the Great">Anthony the Great</a>'s feast is celebrated in January with massive and scenic bonfires.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the past, the region of Abruzzo was well known for the <a href="/wiki/Transumanza" title="Transumanza">transumanza</a>, the seasonal movement of sheep floks: these used to travel mostly southbound towards the region of <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Puglia</a> during the cold winter months.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Feast of <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Biagio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Biagio (page does not exist)">St. Biagio</a>, protector of wool dealers is celebrated across the region. On the third of February in <a href="/wiki/Taranta_Peligna" title="Taranta Peligna">Taranta Peligna</a> every year since the sixteenth century an evocative ritual is held: <i>panicelle</i>, or small loaves made of flour and water, in the shape of a blessing hand, are distributed among the faithful. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:338px;max-width:338px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_Poet_Ovid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Latin_Poet_Ovid.jpg/180px-Latin_Poet_Ovid.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Latin_Poet_Ovid.jpg/270px-Latin_Poet_Ovid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Latin_Poet_Ovid.jpg/360px-Latin_Poet_Ovid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabriele_D%27Annunzio_(2).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio_%282%29.png/150px-Gabriele_D%27Annunzio_%282%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio_%282%29.png/225px-Gabriele_D%27Annunzio_%282%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio_%282%29.png 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="370" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_d%27Annunzio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriele d'Annunzio">Gabriele d'Annunzio</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Historical figures from the region include: the Roman orator <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Asinius_Pollio_(consul_40_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC)">Asinius Pollio</a>; <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> poets <a href="/wiki/Sallust" title="Sallust">Sallust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, who were born in L'Aquila and <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a> respectively, <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Cassius_Longinus" title="Gaius Cassius Longinus">Gaius Cassius Longinus</a>, Roman senator and leading instigator of the plot to kill <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> is said to have been native to the region. Abruzzo's religious personalities include <a href="/wiki/Saint_Berardo" title="Saint Berardo">Saint Berardo</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_of_Capistrano" title="John of Capistrano">John of Capistrano</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Celano" title="Thomas of Celano">Thomas of Celano</a>, author of three <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiographies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Saint Francis of Assisi</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Valignano" title="Alessandro Valignano">Alessandro Valignano</a>, who introduced <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> and Japan. The Polish <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> loved the mountains of Abruzzo, where he would retire often and pray in the church of San Pietro della Ienca.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local personalities in the humanities include: poet <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Silone" title="Ignazio Silone">Ignazio Silone</a>, movie director <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Flaiano" title="Ennio Flaiano">Ennio Flaiano</a> who co-wrote <i><a href="/wiki/La_dolce_vita" class="mw-redirect" title="La dolce vita">La dolce vita</a></i>, philosopher <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Benedetto Croce</a>, poet <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">Gabriele D'Annunzio</a>, composer <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Tosti" title="Paolo Tosti">Paolo Tosti</a>, sculptor <a href="/wiki/Venanzo_Crocetti" title="Venanzo Crocetti">Venanzo Crocetti</a> and artist <a href="/wiki/LorenzoArs" title="LorenzoArs">LorenzoArs</a>. </p><p>American artists and celebrities such as: <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Marciano" title="Rocky Marciano">Rocky Marciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mattioli" title="Rocky Mattioli">Rocky Mattioli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Sammartino" title="Bruno Sammartino">Bruno Sammartino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Batali" title="Mario Batali">Mario Batali</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Fante" title="John Fante">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Fante" title="Dan Fante">Dan Fante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lasorda" title="Tommy Lasorda">Tommy Lasorda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Marino" title="Dan Marino">Dan Marino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Lanza" title="Mario Lanza">Mario Lanza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garry_Marshall" title="Garry Marshall">Garry Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penny_Marshall" title="Penny Marshall">Penny Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Al_Martino" title="Al Martino">Al Martino</a> trace part of their family roots to Abruzzo. </p><p>Some international movies shot in Abruzzo include <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_(2010_film)" title="The American (2010 film)">The American</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Annaud" title="Jean-Jacques Annaud">Jean-Jacques Annaud</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose_(film)" title="The Name of the Rose (film)">The Name of the Rose</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_Strada" title="La Strada">La Strada</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/I_Vitelloni" title="I Vitelloni">I Vitelloni</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Schwarzenegger</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Sonja_(1985_film)" title="Red Sonja (1985 film)">Red Sonja</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ladyhawke_(film)" title="Ladyhawke (film)">Ladyhawke</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/King_David_(film)" title="King David (film)">King David</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Francesco_(1989_film)" title="Francesco (1989 film)">Francesco</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Keoma_(film)" title="Keoma (film)">Keoma</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Barbarians_(1987_film)" title="The Barbarians (1987 film)">The Barbarians</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fox_and_the_Child" title="The Fox and the Child">The Fox and the Child</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Krull_(film)" title="Krull (film)">Krull</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_and_Renaissance_hill_towns">Medieval and Renaissance hill towns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Medieval and Renaissance hill towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Civitella_del_Tronto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Civitella_del_Tronto.jpg/250px-Civitella_del_Tronto.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Civitella_del_Tronto.jpg/330px-Civitella_del_Tronto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Civitella_del_Tronto.jpg/500px-Civitella_del_Tronto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The fortress of <a href="/wiki/Civitella_del_Tronto" title="Civitella del Tronto">Civitella</a> is the most visited monument in Abruzzo.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castello_di_Roccascalegna.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Castello_di_Roccascalegna.JPG/250px-Castello_di_Roccascalegna.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Castello_di_Roccascalegna.JPG/330px-Castello_di_Roccascalegna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Castello_di_Roccascalegna.JPG/500px-Castello_di_Roccascalegna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="1210" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Roccascalegna" title="Roccascalegna">Roccascalegna</a> fortress</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Before the 2009 earthquake, Abruzzo was the region with the highest number of castles and hill towns in Italy. It still holds many of Italy's best-preserved medieval and Renaissance hill towns, twenty-three of which are among <i><a href="/wiki/I_Borghi_pi%C3%B9_belli_d%27Italia" title="I Borghi più belli d'Italia">I Borghi più belli d'Italia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This listing recognises their scenic beauty, arts and culture, their historical importance and quality of life. </p><p>The abrupt decline of Abruzzo's agricultural economy in the early to mid-20th-century spared some of the region's historic hill towns from modern development. Many lie entirely within regional and <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a>. Among the most well preserved are <a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte_(Abruzzo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Castel del Monte (Abruzzo)">Castel del Monte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_di_Sessanio" title="Santo Stefano di Sessanio">Santo Stefano di Sessanio</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_e_Monti_della_Laga_National_Park" title="Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park">Gran Sasso National Park</a> on the edge of the high plain of <a href="/wiki/Campo_Imperatore" title="Campo Imperatore">Campo Imperatore</a> and nestled beneath the Apennines' highest peaks. Both hill towns, which were ruled by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Medici" title="House of Medici">Medicis</a> for over a century-and-a-half, see relatively little tourism. Between the two towns sits <a href="/wiki/Rocca_Calascio" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocca Calascio">Rocca Calascio</a>, the ruin of an ancient fortress popular with filmmakers. Both <a href="/wiki/Monteferrante" title="Monteferrante">Monteferrante</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roccascalegna" title="Roccascalegna">Roccascalegna</a> are two of the most representative Abruzzo villages in the province of Chieti. Within the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_e_Monti_della_Laga_National_Park" title="Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park">Gran Sasso National Park</a> is also found <a href="/wiki/Castelli_(Teramo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelli (Teramo)">Castelli</a>, an ancient pottery center whose artisans produced ceramics for most of the <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">royal houses</a> of Europe. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:373px;max-width:373px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casoli_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Casoli_01.jpg/190px-Casoli_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Casoli_01.jpg/285px-Casoli_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Casoli_01.jpg/380px-Casoli_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">View of <a href="/wiki/Casoli" title="Casoli">Casoli</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Borgo_di_scanno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Borgo_di_scanno.jpg/175px-Borgo_di_scanno.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Borgo_di_scanno.jpg/263px-Borgo_di_scanno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Borgo_di_scanno.jpg/350px-Borgo_di_scanno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Medieval village of <a href="/wiki/Scanno,_Abruzzo" title="Scanno, Abruzzo">Scanno</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Civitella_del_Tronto" title="Civitella del Tronto">Civitella del Tronto</a> played a crucial role in the history of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">unification of Italy</a>. The fortress of <a href="/wiki/Civitella_del_Tronto" title="Civitella del Tronto">Civitella</a> is the most visited monument in the Abruzzo region today.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other medieval hill towns located within Abruzzo's <a href="/wiki/Park_system" title="Park system">park system</a> are <a href="/wiki/Pacentro" title="Pacentro">Pacentro</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Maiella_National_Park" title="Maiella National Park">Maiella National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pescasseroli" title="Pescasseroli">Pescasseroli</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Parco_Nazionale_d%27Abruzzo,_Lazio_e_Molise" class="mw-redirect" title="Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise">Abruzzo National Park</a>. Pacentro, which features a 14th-century castle with two intact towers, has been little touched by modernisation. The Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_of_Our_Lady_of_Sorrows" title="Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows">Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">province of Teramo</a>, which attracts some two million visitors per year, is one of the 15 most-visited sanctuaries in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Capestrano" title="Capestrano">Capestrano</a>, a small town in the province of L'Aquila, is the hometown of Saint <a href="/wiki/John_of_Capistrano" title="John of Capistrano">John of Capistrano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Franciscan</a> <a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic priest">Catholic priest</a>, as well as the namesake of the Franciscan <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish missions">missions</a> <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Juan_Capistrano" title="Mission San Juan Capistrano">San Juan Capistrano</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, the mission <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Juan_Capistrano_(Texas)" title="Mission San Juan Capistrano (Texas)">Mission San Juan Capistrano</a> in Texas and the city of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Capistrano,_California" title="San Juan Capistrano, California">San Juan Capistrano</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>. <a href="/wiki/Giulianova" title="Giulianova">Giulianova</a> is a notable example of a Renaissance "<a href="/wiki/Ideal_city" title="Ideal city">ideal city</a>". </p><p>The proximity to Rome, the protected areas and scenic landscapes making the region one of the greenest in Europe, the presence of quaint villages, its rich and varied culinary traditions are important tourist attractions. In 2010, visitors included 6,381,067 Italians and 925,884 foreign tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the American organization Live and Invest Overseas included Abruzzo on its list of World's Top 21 Overseas Retirement Havens. The study was based on such factors as climate, infrastructure, health care, safety, taxes, cost of living and more.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 the Chamber of Commerce of Pescara presented Abruzzo region to the Annual conference of Live and Invest Overseas in the U.S. city of <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>. One year later, in October 2018, Live and Invest Overseas held its first conference in Abruzzo.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Camponeschi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Palazzo_Camponeschi.jpg/250px-Palazzo_Camponeschi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Palazzo_Camponeschi.jpg/330px-Palazzo_Camponeschi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Palazzo_Camponeschi.jpg/500px-Palazzo_Camponeschi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3463" data-file-height="2597" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_L%27Aquila" title="University of L'Aquila">University of L'Aquila</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are three universities in the Abruzzo region: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_L%27Aquila" title="University of L'Aquila">University of L'Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Teramo" title="University of Teramo">University of Teramo</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> bases an intensive summer Italian language and culture program in <a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Resort_town" title="Resort town">resort town</a> on Abruzzo's southern coast.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CUORE_Cryostat_Construction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/CUORE_Cryostat_Construction.jpg/220px-CUORE_Cryostat_Construction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/CUORE_Cryostat_Construction.jpg/330px-CUORE_Cryostat_Construction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/CUORE_Cryostat_Construction.jpg/440px-CUORE_Cryostat_Construction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2671" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Laboratori_Nazionali_del_Gran_Sasso" title="Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso">Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Between the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">province of Teramo</a> and L'Aquila, under the <a href="/wiki/Traforo_del_Gran_Sasso" title="Traforo del Gran Sasso">Gran Sasso Tunnel</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/Laboratori_Nazionali_del_Gran_Sasso" title="Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso">Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso</a> (LNGS) of the <a href="/wiki/INFN" class="mw-redirect" title="INFN">INFN</a>, one of the three underground astroparticle laboratories in Europe. </p><p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.izs.it/IZS/Engine/RAServePG.php">Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale"</a>, which conducts research in veterinary and environmental public health, is located in Teramo. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_Science_Institute" title="Gran Sasso Science Institute">Gran Sasso Science Institute</a>, located in L'Aquila, is an advanced research institute which offers doctorates in astroparticle physics, computer science, and mathematics as well as urban studies and regional science, and which also conducts scientific research. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Interamnia_World_Cup" title="Interamnia World Cup">Interamnia World Cup</a>, the largest international youth handball competition worldwide, takes place yearly in Teramo.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several <a href="/wiki/Category:Football_clubs_in_Abruzzo" title="Category:Football clubs in Abruzzo">football clubs in Abruzzo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Delfino_Pescara_1936" title="Delfino Pescara 1936">Delfino Pescara 1936</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Serie_C" title="Serie C">Serie C</a> club; based in Pescara, its home stadium is <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Adriatico_%E2%80%93_Giovanni_Cornacchia" title="Stadio Adriatico – Giovanni Cornacchia">Stadio Adriatico – Giovanni Cornacchia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialects">Dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The regional dialects of Abruzzo include <i>Teramano</i>, <i>Abruzzese Orientale Adriatico</i> and <i>Abruzzese Occidentale</i>. The first two forms are a dialect of the Southern Italian language also known simply as <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan</a> since the region has been part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>, while <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquilano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aquilano (page does not exist)">Aquilano</a></i> is related to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Italian" title="Central Italian">Central Italian dialects</a> including <a href="/wiki/Romanesco_dialect" title="Romanesco dialect">Romanesco</a>. The dialects spoken in the Abruzzo region can be divided into three main groups: </p> <ol><li>Sabine dialect, in the province of L'Aquila, a central Italian dialect</li> <li>Abruzzo Adriatic dialect, in the province of Teramo, Pescara and Chieti, that is virtually abandoned in the province of <a href="/wiki/Ascoli_Piceno" title="Ascoli Piceno">Ascoli Piceno</a>, a southern Italian dialect</li> <li>Abruzzo western dialect, in the province of L'Aquila, a southern Italian dialect</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Cuisine of Abruzzo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg/220px-Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg/330px-Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg/440px-Campo_Imperatore_2009_-Ristoro_Mucciante_Arrosticini-_by_RaBoe_014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a> of Pescara valley</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaghettoni_alla_chitarra_e_rag%C3%B9.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spaghettoni_alla_chitarra_e_rag%C3%B9.JPG/220px-Spaghettoni_alla_chitarra_e_rag%C3%B9.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spaghettoni_alla_chitarra_e_rag%C3%B9.JPG/330px-Spaghettoni_alla_chitarra_e_rag%C3%B9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spaghettoni_alla_chitarra_e_rag%C3%B9.JPG/440px-Spaghettoni_alla_chitarra_e_rag%C3%B9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_chitarra" title="Spaghetti alla chitarra">Spaghetti alla chitarra</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bocconotto_from_Castel_Frentano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bocconotto_from_Castel_Frentano.jpg/220px-Bocconotto_from_Castel_Frentano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bocconotto_from_Castel_Frentano.jpg/330px-Bocconotto_from_Castel_Frentano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bocconotto_from_Castel_Frentano.jpg/440px-Bocconotto_from_Castel_Frentano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Typical <i><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">bocconotto</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Castel_Frentano" title="Castel Frentano">Castel Frentano</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sise_delle_monache_guardiagrele.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Sise_delle_monache_guardiagrele.jpg/250px-Sise_delle_monache_guardiagrele.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Sise_delle_monache_guardiagrele.jpg/330px-Sise_delle_monache_guardiagrele.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Sise_delle_monache_guardiagrele.jpg/500px-Sise_delle_monache_guardiagrele.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i>Sise delle Monache</i> from <a href="/wiki/Guardiagrele" title="Guardiagrele">Guardiagrele</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Abruzzo's cuisine is renowned<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for its variety and richness.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the agricultural and coastal areas of Abruzzo have contributed to its cuisine. Due to the mountains, much of Abruzzo was relatively isolated until the 20th century. This has contributed to preservIng local culinary traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ingredients">Ingredients</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Ingredients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In terms of common ingredients, cuisine in Abruzzo often includes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb and mutton</a>, primarily in the mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sheep's milk (or <a href="/wiki/Ricotta" title="Ricotta">ricotta</a>) is an important source of Abruzzese cheese, and lamb intestines are used as <a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">sausage</a> <a href="/wiki/Casing_(sausage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Casing (sausage)">casing</a> or for <a href="/wiki/Braciola#Involtini" title="Braciola">stuffed meat rolls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barilla_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barilla-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">Mountain goat meat</a> is also common in Abruzzo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a>, particularly wild mushrooms from the forests and hills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Aglio_Rosso_di_Nubia" title="Aglio Rosso di Nubia">red garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li>Hot <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a> or <a href="/wiki/Peperoncino" title="Peperoncino">peperoncini</a>, regionally known as <i>diavolilli</i> or <i>diavoletti</i>, is common in Abruzzese cuisine and often used to add spice to dishes. Abruzzo residents are well known for frequently adding peperoncini, or hot peppers, to their meals.</li> <li>Vegetables such as <a href="/wiki/Lentils" class="mw-redirect" title="Lentils">lentils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grasspea" class="mw-redirect" title="Grasspea">grasspeas</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Legumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Legumes">legumes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">artichoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cauliflower" title="Cauliflower">cauliflower</a><sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_126-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barilla_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barilla-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-braim_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-braim-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mush_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mush-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Starter_and_main_dishes">Starter and main dishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Starter and main dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_chitarra" title="Spaghetti alla chitarra">Spaghetti alla chitarra</a></i> which is made by pressing or cutting <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> through a <i>chitarra</i>, an implement to form long thin noodles similar to <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti" title="Spaghetti">spaghetti</a>. The pasta is served with a tomato-based sauce, often flavored with <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goose" title="Goose">goose</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_Mutton" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamb and Mutton">lamb</a>. This dish is complemented by regional <a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">side dishes</a>, such as the bean and noodle soup, <i>sagne e fagioli</i>. This soup is traditionally flavored with <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, oil, and <a href="/wiki/Peperoncini" class="mw-redirect" title="Peperoncini">peperoncini</a>.</li> <li><i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Gnocchi" title="Gnocchi">Gnocchi carrati</a></i></span></i>, flavored with <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pecorino" title="Pecorino">pecorino</a> cheese</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.experiencebellavita.com/scrippelle-mbusse-crepes-in-broth-recipe-teramo/">Scrippelle</a></i>, a rustic French-style <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">crêpe</a> served either <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">mbusse</i></span></i> (a type of soup) or used to form a sort of <a href="/wiki/Souffl%C3%A9" title="Soufflé">soufflé</a> with some <a href="/wiki/Rag%C3%B9" title="Ragù">ragù</a> and stuffed with chicken liver, <a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">meatballs</a>, hard-boiled eggs, and cheese</li> <li><i>Pastuccia</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a> stew with sausage, eggs, and cheese</li> <li><i>Pasta allo sparone</i>, a pasta roll filled with <a href="/wiki/Ricotta" title="Ricotta">ricotta</a> cheese and <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a>. The pasta roll is boiled in hot water and served with tomato sauce and Parmesan cheese.</li> <li><i>Pasta alla mugnaia,</i> a long, uneven and thick type of pasta that is hand-pulled to a diameter of up to 6mm and is traditionally served with tomato sauce. Pasta alla mugnaia, also simply known as <i>mugnaia</i>, is the flagship dish of the town of <a href="/wiki/Elice" title="Elice">Elice</a>.</li> <li><i>Pallotte cacio e ovo</i>, balls of <a href="/wiki/Caciocavallo" title="Caciocavallo">caciocavallo</a> cheese and eggs, usually served as a starter in a rich tomato sauce.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meat">Meat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Meat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Across the region, roast lamb is enjoyed in several variations. Some of these variations include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a></i>, a skewered lamb dish</li> <li><i>Pecora al cotturo</i>, lamb stuffed with a variety of mountain <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herbs</a> and cooked in a copper pot</li> <li>Lamb cooked whole in a <a href="/wiki/Masonry_oven" title="Masonry oven">bread oven</a></li> <li><i>Agnello cacio e ovo</i>, a lamb-based <a href="/wiki/Fricassee" title="Fricassee">fricassee</a></li> <li><i>Mazzarella</i>: lamb intestines stuffed with lamb, garlic, <a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">marjoram</a>, lettuce, and spices</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.experiencebellavita.com/teramo-virtu-a-tasty-minestra-made-once-every-may-1st/">Le virtù</a></i>: a soup from Teramo filled with <a href="/wiki/Legumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Legumes">legumes</a>, vegetables and <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>, made only on 1 May.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timballo" title="Timballo">Timballo</a> abruzzese</i>: <a href="/wiki/Lasagna" title="Lasagna">lasagna</a>-like dish with pasta sheets (<i>scrippelle</i>) layered with meat, vegetables and rice; often served for <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a><sup id="cite_ref-bradt_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradt-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porchetta" title="Porchetta">Porchetta</a> abruzzese</i>: moist boneless-pork roast, slow-roasted with <a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">rosemary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">pepper</a><sup id="cite_ref-bradt_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradt-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seafood">Seafood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Seafood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a> is also popular, especially in coastal areas. The variety of fish available locally resulted in several fish-based <i><a href="/wiki/Brudet" title="Brudet">brodetti</a></i> ("broths"), coming from such places as <a href="/wiki/Vasto" title="Vasto">Vasto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulianova" title="Giulianova">Giulianova</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These broths are often made by cooking fish, flavored with tomatoes, herbs, and peperoncino, in an earthenware pot. Other fish products are <i><a href="/wiki/Scapece_alla_vastese" title="Scapece alla vastese">scapece alla vastese</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_all%27abruzzese" title="Baccalà all'abruzzese">baccalà all'abruzzese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Coregone_di_Campotosto" title="Coregone di Campotosto">coregone di Campotosto</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> typical lake fish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pizzas">Pizzas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Pizzas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rustic pizzas are also very common. Some of these are: </p> <ul><li><i>Easter pizza</i>, a rustic cake with cheese and pepper from the <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a> area</li> <li><i>Fiadoni</i> from Chieti, a dough of eggs and cheese well risen, cooked in the oven in a thin casing of pastry</li> <li>A rustic tart pastry filled with everything imaginable: eggs, fresh cheeses, <a href="/wiki/Ricotta" title="Ricotta">ricotta</a>, vegetables, and all sorts of flavorings and spices.</li></ul> <p>Also from Teramo are the spreadable sausages flavored with nutmeg, and liver sausages tasting of garlic and spices. Atri and <a href="/wiki/Rivisondoli" title="Rivisondoli">Rivisondoli</a> are famous for cheeses. <a href="/wiki/Mozzarella" title="Mozzarella">Mozzarella</a>, either fresh or seasoned, is made from ewe's milk, although a great number of lesser known varieties of these cheeses can be found all over Abruzzo and Molise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salumi">Salumi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Salumi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></i> (singular: <i>salume</i>) is an Italian term describing the preparation of cured meat products made predominantly from pork. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mortadella_di_Campotosto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mortadella" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mortadella_di_Campotosto.jpg/220px-Mortadella_di_Campotosto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mortadella_di_Campotosto.jpg/330px-Mortadella_di_Campotosto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mortadella_di_Campotosto.jpg/440px-Mortadella_di_Campotosto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Mortadella_di_Campotosto" title="Mortadella di Campotosto">Mortadella di Campotosto</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Spreadable sausage flavored with nutmeg and liver sausage with garlic and spices are hallmarks of Teramo cuisine. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventricina" title="Ventricina">Ventricina</a></i> from the Vasto area is made with large pieces of fat and lean pork, pressed and seasoned with powdered sweet peppers and <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel</a> and encased in dried pig stomach. <i><a href="/wiki/Mortadella_di_Campotosto" title="Mortadella di Campotosto">Mortadella di Campotosto</a></i> (well known in Abruzzo) is an oval, dark-red <i><a href="/wiki/Mortadella" title="Mortadella">mortadella</a></i> with a white column of fat. They are generally sold in pairs, tied together. Another name for the mortadella is <i>coglioni di mulo</i> (donkey's balls). It is made from shoulder and loin meat, <a href="/wiki/Prosciutto" title="Prosciutto">prosciutto</a> trimmings and fat. It is 80 percent lean meat; 25 percent is prosciutto (ham), and 20 percent is <i><a href="/wiki/Pancetta" title="Pancetta">pancetta</a></i>. The meat is minced and mixed with salt, pepper and white wine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cheeses">Cheeses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Cheeses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region's principal <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheeses</a> are: </p> <ul><li><i>White cow cheese</i>, a soft cheese made from <a href="/wiki/Cow%27s_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow's milk">cow's milk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caciocavallo" title="Caciocavallo">Caciocavallo</a> abruzzese</i>, a soft, slightly elastic dairy product made from raw, whole cow's milk with rennet and salt</li> <li><i>Caciofiore Aquilano</i>, made from raw whole sheep's milk, <a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">rennet</a>, artichokes and saffron (which gives it its characteristic yellow color)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caciotta" title="Caciotta">Caciotta</a> vaccination frentana</i>, a half-cooked, semi-hard cheese made from raw whole cow's milk, rennet and salt</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canestrato" title="Canestrato">Canestrato</a> of <a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte,_Abruzzo" title="Castel del Monte, Abruzzo">Castel del Monte</a></i>, a hard cheese made from raw whole sheep's milk, with rennet and salt</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caprino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Slice of goat's-milk cheese" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Caprino.jpg/220px-Caprino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Caprino.jpg/330px-Caprino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Caprino.jpg/440px-Caprino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caprino_cheese" title="Caprino cheese">Caprino</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caprino_cheese" title="Caprino cheese">Caprino</a> abruzzese</i>, made from raw whole goat milk (sometimes with sheep's milk), curd, and salt</li> <li><i>Cheese and curd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stazzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stazzo (page does not exist)">stazzo</a></i>, cheese and byproducts obtained from the processing of raw milk from sheep, cattle and goats</li> <li><i>Junket vaccination or Abruzzo sprisciocca</i>, a soft fresh cheese made from raw whole cow's milk, rennet, and salt</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pecorino" title="Pecorino">Pecorino</a> d'Abruzzo</i>: one of Abruzzo's flagship products—a mild, semi-hard (or hard) cheese with holes, made from raw whole sheep's milk, rennet, and salt</li> <li><i>Pecorino di Atri</i>, a compact, semi-cooked cheese made from sheep's milk, rennet and salt</li> <li><i>Pecorino di Farindola</i>, cheese made from sheep's milk and pork <a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">rennet</a> (a special type of rennet, made by filling a dried pork stomach with vinegar and white wine for forty days)</li> <li><i>Ricotta</i>, made from the remnants of the coagulation of raw whole sheep's milk, heated after filtration</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scamorza" title="Scamorza">Scamorza</a> d'Abruzzo</i>, a stretched <a href="/wiki/Quark_(dairy_product)" title="Quark (dairy product)">curd cheese</a> made from cow's milk, rennet (liquid or powder) and salt</li></ul> <p>Atri and <a href="/wiki/Rivisondoli" title="Rivisondoli">Rivisondoli</a> are known for their cheeses. <a href="/wiki/Mozzarella" title="Mozzarella">Mozzarella</a> (fresh or seasoned) is typically made from ewe's milk; many lesser-known cheeses are found throughout Abruzzo and <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desserts_and_sweets">Desserts and sweets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Desserts and sweets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pizzelle_on_display,_May_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thin wafers with powdered sugar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pizzelle_on_display%2C_May_2009.jpg/250px-Pizzelle_on_display%2C_May_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pizzelle_on_display%2C_May_2009.jpg/330px-Pizzelle_on_display%2C_May_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pizzelle_on_display%2C_May_2009.jpg/440px-Pizzelle_on_display%2C_May_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></i> are a typical Abruzzo sweet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Abruzzo's sweets are well known: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A9e" title="Dragée">Dragée</a><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (also known as confetti): sugar-coated almonds from <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrone">Torrone</a> Nurzia</i>: chocolate <a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">nougat</a> from <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parrozzo" title="Parrozzo">Parrozzo</a></i>: a cake-like treat made from crushed almonds and coated in chocolate</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></i> (also known as <i>ferratelle</i>): a <a href="/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle">waffle</a> <a href="/wiki/Cookie" title="Cookie">cookie</a>, often flavored with <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a><sup id="cite_ref-bradt_130-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradt-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Croccante" class="mw-redirect" title="Croccante">Croccante</a></i>, a type of nougat made from almonds and caramelized sugar, often flavored with lemon<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Calgionetti, cagionetti, caggiunitti, caviciunette</i>: Christmas <a href="/wiki/Fritter" title="Fritter">fritters</a>, sometimes filled with chestnuts or chickpeas and flavored with chocolate or cocoa</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotti</a></i>: stuffed sweets often served for Christmas</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zeppole" title="Zeppole">Zeppole</a> di San Giuseppe</i>: fried or baked pastries made for <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph's Day</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sise_delle_monache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sise delle monache (page does not exist)">Sise delle monache</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sise_delle_monache" class="extiw" title="it:Sise delle monache">it</a>]</sup></i>, two layers of sponge cake filled with custard, produced in the town of <a href="/wiki/Guardiagrele" title="Guardiagrele">Guardiagrele</a> in the province of <a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruits">Fruits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Fruits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region's principal fruits are: </p> <ul><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Agrumi della costa dei trabocchi</i></span>: coastal citrus (particularly oranges), used for <a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves#Jam" title="Fruit preserves">jam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Castagna roscetta della Valle Roveto</i></span> and <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Marrone di Valle Castellana</i></span>: types of <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">chestnut</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Ciliege di Raiano e di Giuliano Teatino</i></span>: a local cherry</li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Mandorle di Navelli</i></span>: almonds from the town of <a href="/wiki/Navelli" title="Navelli">Navelli</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Mela della Valle Giovenco</i></span>: apples from the region</li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Uva di Tollo e Ortona</i></span>: <a href="/wiki/Table_grape" title="Table grape">table grapes</a>, also used for jam</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olive_oil">Olive oil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Olive oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uliveto_toccolano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Uliveto_toccolano.jpg/250px-Uliveto_toccolano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Uliveto_toccolano.jpg/330px-Uliveto_toccolano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Uliveto_toccolano.jpg/500px-Uliveto_toccolano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="2896" /></a><figcaption>Olive trees in <a href="/wiki/Tocco_da_Casauria" title="Tocco da Casauria">Tocco da Casauria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The use of oil in regional mountain and sea dishes is important; among the most common oil products are the Aprutino Pescarese, the Pretuziano delle Colline Teramane, l'Olio extra vergine di oliva delle Valli Aquilane and Colline Teatine.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The list of Abruzzo olive cultivars: </p> <ul><li>Castiglionese</li> <li>Dritta</li> <li>Gentile di Chieti</li> <li>Intosso</li> <li>Monicella</li> <li>Carpinetana</li> <li>Morella</li> <li>Nebbio di Chieti</li> <li>Raja</li> <li>Toccolana</li> <li>Tortiglione</li> <li>Crognalegna</li> <li>Gentile del L'Aquila (Rusticana del L'Aquila)</li></ul> <p>The extra-virgin <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a> produced in <a href="/wiki/Colline_Teramane" class="mw-redirect" title="Colline Teramane">Colline Teramane</a> (<a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a> hills) is marked by the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">DOP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region has several cultivars that includes Carboncella, Dritta (Dritta Francavillese and Dritta di Moscufo), Gentile del Chieti, Nostrana (Nostrana di Brisighella), and Sargano olive cultivars.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wines_and_liquors">Wines and liquors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Wines and liquors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_05_(RaBoe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_05_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/220px-Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_05_%28RaBoe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_05_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/330px-Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_05_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_05_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/440px-Montepulciano_d_Abruzzo_05_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Bottles of <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo" title="Montepulciano d'Abruzzo">Montepulciano d'Abruzzo</a> wine</figcaption></figure> <p>Renowned <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wines</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo" title="Montepulciano d'Abruzzo">Montepulciano</a> <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOCG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trebbiano_d%27Abruzzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Trebbiano d'Abruzzo">Trebbiano d'Abruzzo</a> <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Controguerra" title="Controguerra">Controguerra</a> DOC are judged to be amongst the world's finest.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, a bottle of Trebbiano d'Abruzzo ranked No. 1 in the top 50 Italian wine awards.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent decades these wines have been joined, particularly, by wines from lesser known (heritage) white grapes, such as, <a href="/wiki/Pecorino_(grape)" title="Pecorino (grape)">Pecorino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cococciola" title="Cococciola">Cococciola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passerina_(grape)" title="Passerina (grape)">Passerina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montonico_bianco" title="Montonico bianco">Montonico bianco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiano_(grape)" title="Fiano (grape)">Fiano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">IGT</a> wines are <a href="/wiki/Alto_Tirino" class="mw-redirect" title="Alto Tirino">Alto Tirino</a>, Colli Aprutini, <a href="/wiki/Colli_del_Sangro" class="mw-redirect" title="Colli del Sangro">Colli del Sangro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colline_Frentane" class="mw-redirect" title="Colline Frentane">Colline Frentane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colline_Pescaresi" class="mw-redirect" title="Colline Pescaresi">Colline Pescaresi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colline_Teatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Colline Teatine">Colline Teatine</a>, Del Vastese (or <a href="/wiki/Histonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Histonium">Histonium</a>), <a href="/wiki/Terre_di_Chieti" class="mw-redirect" title="Terre di Chieti">Terre di Chieti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valle_Peligna" title="Valle Peligna">Valle Peligna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is also well known for the production of <a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">liqueurs</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Centerbe" title="Centerbe">Centerbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratafia" title="Ratafia">Ratafia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gentian_liqueur" title="Gentian liqueur">Genziana</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gran_sasso_italia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Campo Imperatore"><img alt="Campo Imperatore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gran_sasso_italia.jpg/120px-Gran_sasso_italia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gran_sasso_italia.jpg/250px-Gran_sasso_italia.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Campo_Imperatore" title="Campo Imperatore">Campo Imperatore</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abruzzo_Chamois_2008_446.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Abruzzo Chamois"><img alt="Abruzzo Chamois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Abruzzo_Chamois_2008_446.JPG/120px-Abruzzo_Chamois_2008_446.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Abruzzo_Chamois_2008_446.JPG/180px-Abruzzo_Chamois_2008_446.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Abruzzo_Chamois_2008_446.JPG/240px-Abruzzo_Chamois_2008_446.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abruzzo Chamois</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trabocco_Marina_di_San_Vito-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Vito Chietino"><img alt="San Vito Chietino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Trabocco_Marina_di_San_Vito-001.jpg/120px-Trabocco_Marina_di_San_Vito-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Trabocco_Marina_di_San_Vito-001.jpg/250px-Trabocco_Marina_di_San_Vito-001.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3599" data-file-height="2399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/San_Vito_Chietino" title="San Vito Chietino">San Vito Chietino</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_Butterfly_of_Gran_Sasso.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo Butterfly in Gran Sasso"><img alt="Apollo Butterfly in Gran Sasso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apollo_Butterfly_of_Gran_Sasso.jpg/120px-Apollo_Butterfly_of_Gran_Sasso.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apollo_Butterfly_of_Gran_Sasso.jpg/250px-Apollo_Butterfly_of_Gran_Sasso.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apollo Butterfly in <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Sasso">Gran Sasso</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lago_di_Scanno_dji_mini_3_pro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Scanno"><img alt="Lake Scanno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lago_di_Scanno_dji_mini_3_pro.jpg/120px-Lago_di_Scanno_dji_mini_3_pro.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lago_di_Scanno_dji_mini_3_pro.jpg/250px-Lago_di_Scanno_dji_mini_3_pro.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5702" data-file-height="4277" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lake <a href="/wiki/Scanno,_Abruzzo" title="Scanno, Abruzzo">Scanno</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Majella001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maiella massif"><img alt="Maiella massif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Majella001.jpg/120px-Majella001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Majella001.jpg/250px-Majella001.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="509" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maiella" title="Maiella">Maiella</a> massif</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponte_del_Mare_di_Pescara_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ponte sul mare in Pescara"><img alt="Ponte sul mare in Pescara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ponte_del_Mare_di_Pescara_2011.jpg/120px-Ponte_del_Mare_di_Pescara_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ponte_del_Mare_di_Pescara_2011.jpg/250px-Ponte_del_Mare_di_Pescara_2011.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3770" data-file-height="1490" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ponte sul mare in <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campo_Felice_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Campo Felice"><img alt="Campo Felice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Campo_Felice_Lake.jpg/120px-Campo_Felice_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Campo_Felice_Lake.jpg/180px-Campo_Felice_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Campo_Felice_Lake.jpg/240px-Campo_Felice_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Campo_Felice" title="Campo Felice">Campo Felice</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild_boards_of_Gran_Sasso_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abruzzo Wild boars"><img alt="Abruzzo Wild boars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wild_boards_of_Gran_Sasso_National_Park.jpg/120px-Wild_boards_of_Gran_Sasso_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wild_boards_of_Gran_Sasso_National_Park.jpg/250px-Wild_boards_of_Gran_Sasso_National_Park.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abruzzo Wild boars</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ortona_2006_-Ripari_di_Giobbe-_by-RaBoe_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ortona seaside"><img alt="Ortona seaside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ortona_2006_-Ripari_di_Giobbe-_by-RaBoe_001.jpg/90px-Ortona_2006_-Ripari_di_Giobbe-_by-RaBoe_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ortona_2006_-Ripari_di_Giobbe-_by-RaBoe_001.jpg/135px-Ortona_2006_-Ripari_di_Giobbe-_by-RaBoe_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ortona_2006_-Ripari_di_Giobbe-_by-RaBoe_001.jpg/180px-Ortona_2006_-Ripari_di_Giobbe-_by-RaBoe_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ortona" title="Ortona">Ortona</a> seaside</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prati_di_Tivo_-_Teramo_-_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prati di Tivo ski slopes"><img alt="Prati di Tivo ski slopes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Prati_di_Tivo_-_Teramo_-_Italy.jpg/120px-Prati_di_Tivo_-_Teramo_-_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Prati_di_Tivo_-_Teramo_-_Italy.jpg/250px-Prati_di_Tivo_-_Teramo_-_Italy.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="1008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Prati_di_Tivo" title="Prati di Tivo">Prati di Tivo</a> ski slopes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monteferrante_chieti.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Monteferrante"><img alt="Monteferrante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Monteferrante_chieti.JPG/120px-Monteferrante_chieti.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Monteferrante_chieti.JPG/250px-Monteferrante_chieti.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Monteferrante" title="Monteferrante">Monteferrante</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocca_Calascio_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rocca Calascio"><img alt="Rocca Calascio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rocca_Calascio_3.jpg/120px-Rocca_Calascio_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rocca_Calascio_3.jpg/180px-Rocca_Calascio_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rocca_Calascio_3.jpg/240px-Rocca_Calascio_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rocca_Calascio" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocca Calascio">Rocca Calascio</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duomo_di_Teramo_-_facciata_principale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duomo of Teramo"><img alt="Duomo of Teramo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Duomo_di_Teramo_-_facciata_principale.jpg/120px-Duomo_di_Teramo_-_facciata_principale.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Duomo_di_Teramo_-_facciata_principale.jpg/250px-Duomo_di_Teramo_-_facciata_principale.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="1580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duomo of <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_della_Camera_di_Commercio_Chieti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chieti"><img alt="Chieti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Palazzo_della_Camera_di_Commercio_Chieti.jpg/120px-Palazzo_della_Camera_di_Commercio_Chieti.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Palazzo_della_Camera_di_Commercio_Chieti.jpg/250px-Palazzo_della_Camera_di_Commercio_Chieti.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chieti" title="Chieti">Chieti</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27Aquila_2007_-Fontana_della_99_Cannelle-_by-RaBoe-065.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'Aquila 99 Spouts Fountain"><img alt="L'Aquila 99 Spouts Fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/L%27Aquila_2007_-Fontana_della_99_Cannelle-_by-RaBoe-065.jpg/120px-L%27Aquila_2007_-Fontana_della_99_Cannelle-_by-RaBoe-065.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/L%27Aquila_2007_-Fontana_della_99_Cannelle-_by-RaBoe-065.jpg/250px-L%27Aquila_2007_-Fontana_della_99_Cannelle-_by-RaBoe-065.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="851" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a> 99 Spouts Fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27Aquila,_Basilica_di_San_Bernardino_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Bernardino Basilica in L'Aquila"><img alt="San Bernardino Basilica in L'Aquila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/L%27Aquila%2C_Basilica_di_San_Bernardino_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg/120px-L%27Aquila%2C_Basilica_di_San_Bernardino_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/L%27Aquila%2C_Basilica_di_San_Bernardino_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg/250px-L%27Aquila%2C_Basilica_di_San_Bernardino_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="910" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">San Bernardino Basilica in <a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27Aquila,_San_Pietro_a_Coppito_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'Aquila"><img alt="L'Aquila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L%27Aquila%2C_San_Pietro_a_Coppito_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg/120px-L%27Aquila%2C_San_Pietro_a_Coppito_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L%27Aquila%2C_San_Pietro_a_Coppito_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg/250px-L%27Aquila%2C_San_Pietro_a_Coppito_2007_by-RaBoe-1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_Lanciano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lanciano basilica"><img alt="Lanciano basilica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Basilica_di_Lanciano.jpg/120px-Basilica_di_Lanciano.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Basilica_di_Lanciano.jpg/180px-Basilica_di_Lanciano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Basilica_di_Lanciano.jpg/240px-Basilica_di_Lanciano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lanciano" title="Lanciano">Lanciano</a> basilica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sulmona0003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of SS Annunziata in Sulmona"><img alt="Church of SS Annunziata in Sulmona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sulmona0003.jpg/120px-Sulmona0003.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sulmona0003.jpg/250px-Sulmona0003.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church of SS Annunziata in <a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sulmona0001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sulmona"><img alt="Sulmona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sulmona0001.jpg/94px-Sulmona0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sulmona0001.jpg/141px-Sulmona0001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sulmona0001.jpg/189px-Sulmona0001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sulmona" title="Sulmona">Sulmona</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celano0001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Celano"><img alt="Celano" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Celano0001.jpg/120px-Celano0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Celano0001.jpg/250px-Celano0001.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Celano" title="Celano">Celano</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CasalBCentroStorico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Casalbordino"><img alt="Casalbordino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/CasalBCentroStorico.jpg/120px-CasalBCentroStorico.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/CasalBCentroStorico.jpg/250px-CasalBCentroStorico.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Casalbordino" title="Casalbordino">Casalbordino</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guardiagrele_Santa_Maria_Maggiore_Occidentale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guardiagrele"><img alt="Guardiagrele" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Guardiagrele_Santa_Maria_Maggiore_Occidentale.jpg/120px-Guardiagrele_Santa_Maria_Maggiore_Occidentale.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Guardiagrele_Santa_Maria_Maggiore_Occidentale.jpg/180px-Guardiagrele_Santa_Maria_Maggiore_Occidentale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Guardiagrele_Santa_Maria_Maggiore_Occidentale.jpg/240px-Guardiagrele_Santa_Maria_Maggiore_Occidentale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guardiagrele" title="Guardiagrele">Guardiagrele</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ortona_2005_-Castello_Aragonese-_by-RaBoe_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ortona"><img alt="Ortona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ortona_2005_-Castello_Aragonese-_by-RaBoe_01.jpg/120px-Ortona_2005_-Castello_Aragonese-_by-RaBoe_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ortona_2005_-Castello_Aragonese-_by-RaBoe_01.jpg/250px-Ortona_2005_-Castello_Aragonese-_by-RaBoe_01.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ortona" title="Ortona">Ortona</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shrine of Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows"><img alt="Shrine of Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG/120px-Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG/250px-Santuario_San_Gabriele_dell%27Addolorata_Abruzzo_03.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_of_Our_Lady_of_Sorrows" title="Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows">Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PalazzoCastelli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palazzo Savini in Teramo"><img alt="Palazzo Savini in Teramo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PalazzoCastelli.jpg/98px-PalazzoCastelli.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PalazzoCastelli.jpg/147px-PalazzoCastelli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PalazzoCastelli.jpg/196px-PalazzoCastelli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palazzo Savini in <a href="/wiki/Teramo" title="Teramo">Teramo</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_L%27Aquila_earthquake" title="2009 L'Aquila earthquake">2009 L'Aquila earthquake</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_R_D2JAN/default/table?lang=en">"Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region"</a>, <i>www.ec.europa.eu</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231225221435/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_d2jan/default/table?lang=en">archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Population+on+1+January+by+age%2C+sex+and+NUTS+2+region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2FDEMO_R_D2JAN%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original 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Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Abruzzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FAbruzzi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182313/https://www.lexico.com/definition/abruzzi">"Abruzzi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Abruzzi">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abruzzi&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FAbruzzi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Felice-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Felice_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Felice_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paradosso evidenziato da <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Silone" title="Ignazio Silone">Ignazio Silone</a>, cfr. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCostantino_Felice2010" class="citation book cs1">Costantino Felice (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KmB44oQjNcC&pg=PA85">"Quadri ambientali e identità regionale"</a>. In Donzelli (ed.). <i>Le trappole dell'identità: l'Abruzzo, le catastrofi, l'Italia di oggi</i>. Rome: Donzelli. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6036-436-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6036-436-4"><bdi>978-88-6036-436-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quadri+ambientali+e+identit%C3%A0+regionale&rft.btitle=Le+trappole+dell%27identit%C3%A0%3A+l%27Abruzzo%2C+le+catastrofi%2C+l%27Italia+di+oggi&rft.place=Rome&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Donzelli&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-88-6036-436-4&rft.au=Costantino+Felice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKmB44oQjNcC%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/abruzzo-holiday-italy-travel-trip-unspoiled-earthquake-castles-rigopiano-avalanche-laquila-film-beaches-green-a7629691.html">"The spectacular region of Italy you've probably never heard of"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">Independent.co.uk</a></i>. 26 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112035242/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/abruzzo-holiday-italy-travel-trip-unspoiled-earthquake-castles-rigopiano-avalanche-laquila-film-beaches-green-a7629691.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+spectacular+region+of+Italy+you%27ve+probably+never+heard+of&rft.date=2017-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Feurope%2Fabruzzo-holiday-italy-travel-trip-unspoiled-earthquake-castles-rigopiano-avalanche-laquila-film-beaches-green-a7629691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laquilacapitale-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Laquilacapitale_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laquilacapitale_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215170952/http://laquilacapitale.eu/it/abruzzo-regione-verde-europa.html">"L'Abruzzo Regione Verde d'Europa"</a>. <i>Laquilacapitale</i> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laquilacapitale.eu/it/abruzzo-regione-verde-europa.html">the original</a> on 15 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laquilacapitale&rft.atitle=L%27Abruzzo+Regione+Verde+d%27Europa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laquilacapitale.eu%2Fit%2Fabruzzo-regione-verde-europa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131127030824/http://parcoabruzzo.it/pagina.php?id=46">"Fauna | Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise"</a>. <i>www.parcoabruzzo.it</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parcoabruzzo.it/pagina.php?id=46">the original</a> on 27 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parcoabruzzo.it&rft.atitle=Fauna+%26%23124%3B+Parco+Nazionale+d%27Abruzzo%2C+Lazio+e+Molise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parcoabruzzo.it%2Fpagina.php%3Fid%3D46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230331/http://www.abruzzoverdeblu.it/?id=9">"I parchi in Abruzzo"</a>. <i>www.abruzzoverdeblu.it</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abruzzoverdeblu.it/?id=9">the original</a> on 2 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abruzzoverdeblu.it&rft.atitle=I+parchi+in+Abruzzo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoverdeblu.it%2F%3Fid%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120902210345/http://www.vastospa.it/html/vastesi_nel_%20mondo/abruzzo_forte_e_gentile.htm">"Abruzzo: Forte e Gentile, definizione di Primo Levi, giornalista e diplomatico, nel sito di vastospa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vastospa.it/html/vastesi_nel_%20mondo/abruzzo_forte_e_gentile.htm">the original</a> on 2 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abruzzo%3A+Forte+e+Gentile%2C+definizione+di+Primo+Levi%2C+giornalista+e+diplomatico%2C+nel+sito+di+vastospa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vastospa.it%2Fhtml%2Fvastesi_nel_%2520mondo%2Fabruzzo_forte_e_gentile.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regione.abruzzo.it/portale/index.asp?modello=giunta&servizio=lista&stileDiv=mono&template=default&b=giunta">"Regione Abruzzo – Giunta Regionale"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209210022/http://www.regione.abruzzo.it/portale/index.asp?modello=giunta&servizio=lista&stileDiv=mono&template=default&b=giunta">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regione+Abruzzo+%E2%80%93+Giunta+Regionale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regione.abruzzo.it%2Fportale%2Findex.asp%3Fmodello%3Dgiunta%26servizio%3Dlista%26stileDiv%3Dmono%26template%3Ddefault%26b%3Dgiunta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-museo-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-museo_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museo_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museo_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museo_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbDu_cBBCnc"><i>The People Of Abruzzo And Their Millennia Of History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Museo_delle_Genti_d%27Abruzzo" title="Museo delle Genti d'Abruzzo">Museo delle Genti d'Abruzzo</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+People+Of+Abruzzo+And+Their+Millennia+Of+History&rft.pub=Museo+delle+Genti+d%27Abruzzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQbDu_cBBCnc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/facies-bertoniana/">Facies Bertoniana</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTozzi2001" class="citation conference cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tozzi, Carlo (September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284631974"><i>Preistoria e protostoria dell'Abruzzo</i></a> [<i>Prehistory and protohistory of Abruzzo</i>] (in Italian). Chieti: Istituto italiano di preistoria e protostoria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Preistoria+e+protostoria+dell%27Abruzzo&rft.place=Chieti&rft.pub=Istituto+italiano+di+preistoria+e+protostoria&rft.date=2001-09&rft.aulast=Tozzi&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F284631974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sapere.it-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sapere.it_16-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Abruzzo+o+Abruzzi.html">"Abruzzo o Abruzzi"</a>. <i>Sapere.it</i> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>. 5 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407053624/https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Abruzzo+o+Abruzzi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sapere.it&rft.atitle=Abruzzo+o+Abruzzi&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sapere.it%2Fenciclopedia%2FAbruzzo%2Bo%2BAbruzzi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treccani-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treccani_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/abruzzo/">Abruzzo</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Anthropological_Sciences" title="Journal of Anthropological Sciences">Journal of Anthropological Sciences</a>, "Towards a re-appraisal of the Early Neolithic skeleton from Lama dei Peligni (Abruzzo, Italy)" by Miliano Bruner and Giorgio Manzi, Vol. 81 (2003), pp. 69–78 (Abruzzo, Italy)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ripoli/">Ripoli</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/repertorio-delle-culture-dell-europa-preistorica-neolitico_(Il-Mondo-dell'Archeologia)/">Repertorio delle culture dell'Europa preistorica. Neolitico</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by Renata Grifoni Cremonesi in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i>, 2004 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/appennico/">Appenninico</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/subappennico/">Subappenninico</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/repertorio-delle-culture-dell-europa-preistorica-eta-del-bronzo_(Il-Mondo-dell'Archeologia)//">Repertorio delle culture dell'Europa preistorica. Età del Bronzo</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by Maria Antonietta Fugazzola Delpino in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i>, 2004 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sabelli/">Sabelli</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/popoli-e-culture-dell-italia-preromana-i-popoli-dell-area-medio-adriatica_(Il-Mondo-dell'Archeologia)/">Popoli e culture dell'Italia preromana. I popoli dell'area medio-adriatica</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by Gianluca Tagliamonte in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i>, 2004 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/guerre-sociali/">Guerre sociali</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Italiana-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Italiana_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Italiana_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Italiana_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Italiana_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Italiana_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Italiana_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Italiana_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/abruzzo_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/">Abruzzo</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by Cesare Rivera, Roberto Amalgia, Camillo Giulio Bertoni, Ugo Antonielli, Ignazio Carlo Gavini, Giulio Fara in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i>, 1929 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medievale-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-medievale_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/abruzzo_(Enciclopedia-dell'-Arte-Medievale)/">Abruzzo</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by M. Andaloro in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i>, 1991 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/l-italia-romana-delle-regiones-regio-v-picenum_(Il-Mondo-dell'Archeologia)//">L'Italia romana delle Regiones. Regio V Picenum. Il Mondo dell'Archeologia (2004)</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by Manlio Lilli in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i>, 2004 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/corfinium_(Enciclopedia-dell'-Arte-Antica)/">Corfinium</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/teate-marrucinorum_(Enciclopedia-dell'-Arte-Antica)/">Teate Marrucinorum</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by 1997 in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/atri/">Atri</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/teramo/">Guerre</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by Teramo in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/l-italia-romana-delle-regiones-regio-iv-sabina-et-samnium_(Il-Mondo-dell'Archeologia)/">L'Italia romana delle Regiones. Regio IV Sabina et Samnium</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by Andrea R. Staffa in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i>, 2004 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.comuni-italiani.it/13/">"Italy Guide: Abruzzo Region"</a>. <i>Comuni-Italiani.it</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217005917/http://en.comuni-italiani.it/13/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comuni-Italiani.it&rft.atitle=Italy+Guide%3A+Abruzzo+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.comuni-italiani.it%2F13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wine-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wine_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wine_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090331103332/http://winecountry.it/regions/abruzzo/">"WineCountry.it Abruzzo wine region of Italy"</a>. winecountry.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://winecountry.it/regions/abruzzo/">the original</a> on 31 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WineCountry.it+Abruzzo+wine+region+of+Italy&rft.pub=winecountry.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwinecountry.it%2Fregions%2Fabruzzo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/regno-di-napoli_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/">Regno di Napoli</a> entry <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> by 2010 in the <i><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regions-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-regions_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDomenico2002" class="citation book cs1">Domenico, Roy Palmer (2002). <i>The regions of Italy; a reference guide</i>. Greenwood. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+regions+of+Italy%3B+a+reference+guide&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Domenico&rft.aufirst=Roy+Palmer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLett2014" class="citation book cs1">Lett, Brian (2014). <i>An extraordinary Italian imprisonment : the brutal truth of Campo 21, 1942–3</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abruzzoturismo.it/img/depliant/en_AmbienteNatura.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abruzzo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimg%2Fdepliant%2Fen_AmbienteNatura.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSam_Dunham2008" class="citation web cs1">Sam Dunham (17 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifeinabruzzo.com/abruzzo-annual-weather-forecast/">"Abruzzo Annual Weather Forecast"</a>. <i>Life in Abruzzo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160827022853/http://www.lifeinabruzzo.com/abruzzo-annual-weather-forecast/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Life+in+Abruzzo&rft.atitle=Abruzzo+Annual+Weather+Forecast&rft.date=2008-08-17&rft.au=Sam+Dunham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeinabruzzo.com%2Fabruzzo-annual-weather-forecast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-centrometeo-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-centrometeo_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-centrometeo_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centrometeo.com/articoli-reportage-approfondimenti/climatologia/5427-clima-abruzzo">"Il clima della regione Abruzzo e tabelle climatiche per alcune località"</a>. <i>www.centrometeo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228151504/http://www.centrometeo.com/articoli-reportage-approfondimenti/climatologia/5427-clima-abruzzo">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.centrometeo.com&rft.atitle=Il+clima+della+regione+Abruzzo+e+tabelle+climatiche+per+alcune+localit%C3%A0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centrometeo.com%2Farticoli-reportage-approfondimenti%2Fclimatologia%2F5427-clima-abruzzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moldrek.com/vacanze_abruzzo.htm">"Le vacanze abruzzesi"</a>. <i>www.moldrek.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307133300/https://www.moldrek.com/vacanze_abruzzo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.moldrek.com&rft.atitle=Le+vacanze+abruzzesi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moldrek.com%2Fvacanze_abruzzo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regione.abruzzo.it/content/parchi">"Parchi"</a>. <i>Regione Abruzzo</i> (in Italian). 4 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153158/https://www.regione.abruzzo.it/content/parchi">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regione+Abruzzo&rft.atitle=Parchi&rft.date=2018-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.regione.abruzzo.it%2Fcontent%2Fparchi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilcapoluogo.it/2017/07/09/le-faggete-abruzzesi-patrimonio-dellunesco/">"Le faggete abruzzesi patrimonio dell'Unesco"</a>. <i>Il Capoluogo</i> (in Italian). 9 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810122239/https://www.ilcapoluogo.it/2017/07/09/le-faggete-abruzzesi-patrimonio-dellunesco/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Il+Capoluogo&rft.atitle=Le+faggete+abruzzesi+patrimonio+dell%27Unesco&rft.date=2017-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilcapoluogo.it%2F2017%2F07%2F09%2Fle-faggete-abruzzesi-patrimonio-dellunesco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327082206/http://www.eib.org/attachments/efs/eibpapers/eibpapers_2000_v05_n01/eibpapers_2000_v05_n01_a03_en.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.eib.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eib.org&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fattachments%2Fefs%2Feibpapers%2Feibpapers_2000_v05_n01%2Feibpapers_2000_v05_n01_a03_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=lfst_r_lfu3rt&lang=en">"Unemployment NUTS 2 regions Eurostat"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112004629/https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=lfst_r_lfu3rt&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/econo/ecore/2012/analisi_s_r/1215_abruzzo;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE%3Den">the original</a> on 1 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bank+of+Italy+%E2%80%93+No.+15+%E2%80%93+Economic+developments+in+Abruzzo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bancaditalia.it%2Fpubblicazioni%2Fecono%2Fecore%2F2012%2Fanalisi_s_r%2F1215_abruzzo%3Binternal%26action%3D_setlanguage.action%3FLANGUAGE%253Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=STAT/09/23&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en">"EUROPA Press Releases – Regional GDP per inhabitant in the EU27, GDP per inhabitant in 2006 ranged from 25% of the EU27 average in Nord-Est in Romania to 336% in Inner London"</a>. Europa (web portal). 19 February 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127054048/http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=STAT/09/23&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EUROPA+Press+Releases+%E2%80%93+Regional+GDP+per+inhabitant+in+the+EU27%2C+GDP+per+inhabitant+in+2006+ranged+from+25%25+of+the+EU27+average+in+Nord-Est+in+Romania+to+336%25+in+Inner+London&rft.pub=Europa+%28web+portal%29&rft.date=2009-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Frapid%2FpressReleasesAction.do%3Freference%3DSTAT%2F09%2F23%26format%3DHTML%26aged%3D0%26language%3DEN%26guiLanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613112109/http://www.autorita.energia.it/allegati/inglese/annual_report/annual_report_2006.pdf">"Economic and energy framework in 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autorita.energia.it/allegati/inglese/annual_report/annual_report_2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+and+energy+framework+in+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autorita.energia.it%2Fallegati%2Finglese%2Fannual_report%2Fannual_report_2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelg,_RodolfoPeri,_GiovanniViesti,_Gianfranco" class="citation web cs1">Helg, Rodolfo; Peri, Giovanni; Viesti, Gianfranco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219115829/http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/44799/1/319155617.pdf">"Abruzzo and Sicily: Catching up and lagging behind"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/44799/1/319155617.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abruzzo+and+Sicily%3A+Catching+up+and+lagging+behind&rft.au=Helg%2C+Rodolfo&rft.au=Peri%2C+Giovanni&rft.au=Viesti%2C+Gianfranco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econstor.eu%2Fbitstream%2F10419%2F44799%2F1%2F319155617.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eib.org-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eib.org_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327082206/http://www.eib.org/attachments/efs/eibpapers/eibpapers_2000_v05_n01/eibpapers_2000_v05_n01_a03_en.pdf">"Abruzzo and Sicily: Catching up and lagging behind, EIB Papers vol. 5, No. 1 (2000)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abruzzo+and+Sicily%3A+Catching+up+and+lagging+behind%2C+EIB+Papers+vol.+5%2C+No.+1+%282000%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fattachments%2Fefs%2Feibpapers%2Feibpapers_2000_v05_n01%2Feibpapers_2000_v05_n01_a03_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ricerca.gelocal.it/ilcentro/archive/ilcentro/2008/02/04/CR2PO_CR201.html">Abruzzo, the number of companies grows</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vino_Italiano-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vino_Italiano_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Bastianich & D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abruzzoturismo.it&rft.atitle=Parchi+e+Natura+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%E2%80%93+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fparchi-e-natura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/en/comprensori-sciistici-en">"Comprensori sciistici | Regione Abruzzo – Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>. <i>www.abruzzoturismo.it</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206131024/https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/en/comprensori-sciistici-en">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abruzzoturismo.it&rft.atitle=Comprensori+sciistici+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%E2%80%93+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fcomprensori-sciistici-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/en/mare">"Mare | Regione Abruzzo – Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>. <i>www.abruzzoturismo.it</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205133831/https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/mare">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abruzzoturismo.it&rft.atitle=Mare+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%E2%80%93+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fmare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/en/costa-dei-trabocchi-en">"Costa dei trabocchi | Regione Abruzzo – Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>. <i>www.abruzzoturismo.it</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205205742/https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/costa-dei-trabocchi-en">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abruzzoturismo.it&rft.atitle=Costa+dei+trabocchi+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%E2%80%93+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fcosta-dei-trabocchi-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/en/art-faith-and-culture">"Art Faith and Culture | Regione Abruzzo – Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>. <i>www.abruzzoturismo.it</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125183342/https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/en/art-faith-and-culture">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abruzzoturismo.it&rft.atitle=Art+Faith+and+Culture+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%E2%80%93+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fart-faith-and-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/destinazioni/parco-nazionale-dabruzzo-lazio-e-molise">"Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abruzzo%2C+Lazio+and+Molise+National+Park+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fdestinazioni%2Fparco-nazionale-dabruzzo-lazio-e-molise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/destinazioni/parco-nazionale-del-gran-sasso-e-monti-della-laga">"Gran Sasso and Laga Mountains National Park | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gran+Sasso+and+Laga+Mountains+National+Park+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fdestinazioni%2Fparco-nazionale-del-gran-sasso-e-monti-della-laga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/destinazioni/parco-nazionale-della-maiella-geoparco-unesco">"Majella National park | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Majella+National+park+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fdestinazioni%2Fparco-nazionale-della-maiella-geoparco-unesco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/destinazioni/parco-naturale-regionale-del-sirente-velino">"Sirente Velino Park | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sirente+Velino+Park+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fdestinazioni%2Fparco-naturale-regionale-del-sirente-velino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317205149/https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/riserve-naturali-en">"Riserve Naturali | Regione Abruzzo – Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/riserve-naturali-en">the original</a> on 17 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/laghi-en">the original</a> on 17 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laghi+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%E2%80%93+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Flaghi-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329131240/https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/riserva-naturale-lago-di-campotosto-campotosto-aq">"Riserva Naturale Lago di Campotosto – Campotosto (AQ) | Regione Abruzzo – Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/riserva-naturale-lago-di-campotosto-campotosto-aq">the original</a> on 29 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riserva+Naturale+Lago+di+Campotosto+%E2%80%93+Campotosto+%28AQ%29+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%E2%80%93+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Friserva-naturale-lago-di-campotosto-campotosto-aq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317202140/https://abruzzoturismo.it/it/lago-di-scanno-aq">"Lago di Scanno (AQ) | Regione Abruzzo | Dipartimento Sviluppo Economico – Turismo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/it/lago-di-scanno-aq">the original</a> on 17 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pianoro+Campitelli+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimpianti-sciistici%2Fpianoro-campitelli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121209010913/http://www.skiabruzzo.com/skiing-in-abruzzo">"Ski Abruzzo - Skiing in Abruzzo"</a>. <i>www.skiabruzzo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skiabruzzo.com/skiing-in-abruzzo">the original</a> on 9 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.skiabruzzo.com&rft.atitle=Ski+Abruzzo+-+Skiing+in+Abruzzo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skiabruzzo.com%2Fskiing-in-abruzzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121209010734/http://www.skiabruzzo.com/where-to-stay">"Ski Abruzzo - Where to stay"</a>. <i>www.skiabruzzo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skiabruzzo.com/where-to-stay">the original</a> on 9 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.skiabruzzo.com&rft.atitle=Ski+Abruzzo+-+Where+to+stay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skiabruzzo.com%2Fwhere-to-stay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215082838/http://www.skiabruzzo.com/ski-hire-equipment-rental-ski-schools">"Ski Abruzzo - Ski Hire - Ski Schools - Equipment Rental"</a>. <i>www.skiabruzzo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skiabruzzo.com/ski-hire-equipment-rental-ski-schools">the original</a> on 15 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.skiabruzzo.com&rft.atitle=Ski+Abruzzo+-+Ski+Hire+-+Ski+Schools+-+Equipment+Rental&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skiabruzzo.com%2Fski-hire-equipment-rental-ski-schools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/impianti-sciistici/passolanciano-majelletta">"La Maielletta | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Maielletta+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimpianti-sciistici%2Fpassolanciano-majelletta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/impianti-sciistici/camporotondo">"Campo Rotondo di Cappadocia | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Campo+Rotondo+di+Cappadocia+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimpianti-sciistici%2Fcamporotondo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/impianti-sciistici/campo-di-giove">"Campo di Giove | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Campo+di+Giove+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimpianti-sciistici%2Fcampo-di-giove&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/impianti-sciistici/piani-di-pezza">"Piani di pezza| Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Piani+di+pezza%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimpianti-sciistici%2Fpiani-di-pezza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/impianti-sciistici/voltigno">"Voltigno | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voltigno+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimpianti-sciistici%2Fvoltigno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/impianti-sciistici/centomonti">"Centomonti| Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Centomonti%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimpianti-sciistici%2Fcentomonti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/impianti-sciistici/macchiarvana">"Macchiarvana | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macchiarvana+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimpianti-sciistici%2Fmacchiarvana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abruzzoturismo.it/impianti-sciistici/monte-piselli">"Monte Piselli | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monte+Piselli+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoturismo.it%2Fimpianti-sciistici%2Fmonte-piselli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/montesilvano">"Montesilvano | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Montesilvano+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Fmontesilvano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/pineto">"Pineto | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pineto+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Fpineto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/roseto-degli-abruzzi">"Roseto degli Abruzzi (TE) | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roseto+degli+Abruzzi+%28TE%29+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Froseto-degli-abruzzi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/giulianova">"Giulianova | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Giulianova+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Fgiulianova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/alba-adriatica">"Alba Adriatica | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alba+Adriatica+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Falba-adriatica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/tortoreto">"Tortoreto | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tortoreto+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Ftortoreto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/francavilla-al-mare">"Francavilla al Mare | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Francavilla+al+Mare+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Ffrancavilla-al-mare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/ortona">"Ortona | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ortona+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Fortona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/vasto">"Vasto | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vasto+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Fvasto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/martinsicuro">"Martinsicuro | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martinsicuro+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Fmartinsicuro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/destination/silvi">"Silvi | Regione Abruzzo - Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silvi+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+-+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fdestination%2Fsilvi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317203646/https://abruzzoturismo.it/it/santuario-di-san-gabriele-delladdolorata-isola-del-gran-sasso-te">"Santuario di San Gabriele dell'Addolorata – Isola del Gran Sasso (TE)"</a>. <i>Abruzzo Turismo</i> (in Italian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delicious+Italy+Easter+in+Sulmona&rft.au=Delicious+Italy+Team&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deliciousitaly.com%2Fguide%2Fcentral-italy-regions%2Fabruzzo-guide%2Fabruzzo-itineraries%2Fitem%2F1063-sulmona.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLucio_D'Andrea" class="citation web cs1">Lucio D'Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005050344/http://www.abruzzomoliseheritagesociety.org/TRATTURIeTRANSUMANZA.pdf">"Along the Shepherd's Tracks Tratturi and Transumanza"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abruzzomoliseheritagesociety.org/TRATTURIeTRANSUMANZA.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Along+the+Shepherd%27s+Tracks+Tratturi+and+Transumanza&rft.au=Lucio+D%27Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzomoliseheritagesociety.org%2FTRATTURIeTRANSUMANZA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140128070620/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/27/pope-john-paul-ii-blood-stolen-church-italy">"Pope John Paul II's blood stolen from church in Italy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. Reuters. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=I+Borghi+pi%C3%B9+Belli+d%27Italia&rft.atitle=Homepage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborghipiubelliditalia.it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corriere.it/cultura/speciali/2010/visioni-d-italia/notizie/3civitella-del-tronto-Serenissimi-e-borbonici-insieme-per-disfare-l-Italia_b3bc7456-550c-11df-a414-00144f02aabe.shtml">"Serenissimi e borbonici insieme per disfare l'Italia"</a>. <i>www.corriere.it</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507165718/https://www.corriere.it/cultura/speciali/2010/visioni-d-italia/notizie/3civitella-del-tronto-Serenissimi-e-borbonici-insieme-per-disfare-l-Italia_b3bc7456-550c-11df-a414-00144f02aabe.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.corriere.it&rft.atitle=Serenissimi+e+borbonici+insieme+per+disfare+l%27Italia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fcultura%2Fspeciali%2F2010%2Fvisioni-d-italia%2Fnotizie%2F3civitella-del-tronto-Serenissimi-e-borbonici-insieme-per-disfare-l-Italia_b3bc7456-550c-11df-a414-00144f02aabe.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turismo.provincia.teramo.it/art-and-culture/churches/shrine-of-saint-gabriele-dell92addolorata-96-isola-del-gran-sasso/?set_language=en">"Shrine of Saint Gabriele dell'Addolorata – Isola del Gran Sassoo"</a>. turismo.provincia.teramo.it. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207123847/http://turismo.provincia.teramo.it/art-and-culture/churches/shrine-of-saint-gabriele-dell92addolorata-96-isola-del-gran-sasso/?set_language=en">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shrine+of+Saint+Gabriele+dell%27Addolorata+%E2%80%93+Isola+del+Gran+Sassoo&rft.pub=turismo.provincia.teramo.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturismo.provincia.teramo.it%2Fart-and-culture%2Fchurches%2Fshrine-of-saint-gabriele-dell92addolorata-96-isola-del-gran-sasso%2F%3Fset_language%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/48501">"Movimento dei clienti negli esercizi ricettivi – Dati definitivi"</a>. 21 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620002117/http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/48501">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abruzzo+Rural+Property&rft.atitle=Abruzzo%2C+one+of+the+best+places+in+the+world+to+retire&rft.au=Monia+Di+Guilmi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzoruralproperty.com%2Fabruzzo-one-of-the-best-places-in-the-world-to-retire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202181151/http://archive.summer.harvard.edu/programs/abroad/abruzzo/">"Harvard Summer Program in Umbria and Abruzzo, Italy"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+of+Italy&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781740454643&rft.aulast=Braimbridge&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnXUkqkBA-DkC%26q%3Dabruzzo%2Bcuisine%2Bmushrooms%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mush-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mush_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicoletti" class="citation web cs1">Nicoletti, Amy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delallo.com/articles/wild-mushrooms-italy-kitchen-tips-recipe-ideas">"Wild Mushrooms in Italy - Kitchen Tips & Recipe Ideas"</a>. <i>Delallo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085006/http://www.delallo.com/articles/wild-mushrooms-italy-kitchen-tips-recipe-ideas">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delallo&rft.atitle=Wild+Mushrooms+in+Italy+-+Kitchen+Tips+%26+Recipe+Ideas&rft.aulast=Nicoletti&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delallo.com%2Farticles%2Fwild-mushrooms-italy-kitchen-tips-recipe-ideas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bradt-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bradt_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bradt_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bradt_130-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDi_Gregorio2013" class="citation book cs1">Di Gregorio, Luciano (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BtoEOVpoxLAC&q=abruzzo+porchetta&pg=PA42"><i>Bradt Abruzzo</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bradt+Abruzzo&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781841624464&rft.aulast=Di+Gregorio&rft.aufirst=Luciano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBtoEOVpoxLAC%26q%3Dabruzzo%2Bporchetta%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifeinabruzzo.com/brodetto-vastese-the-winding-barter-fish-soup/">"Brodetto Vastese – the Winding Barter Fish Soup"</a>. 9 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120210345/https://lifeinabruzzo.com/brodetto-vastese-the-winding-barter-fish-soup/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fish+Chutney+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%E2%80%93+Dipartimento+Turismo%2C+Cultura+e+Paesaggio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Ffish-chutney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120210337/https://abruzzoturismo.it/it/baccala-allabruzzese">"Baccalà all'abruzzese | Regione Abruzzo | Dipartimento Sviluppo Economico – Turismo"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baccal%C3%A0+all%27abruzzese+%26%23124%3B+Regione+Abruzzo+%26%23124%3B+Dipartimento+Sviluppo+Economico+%E2%80%93+Turismo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fit%2Fbaccala-allabruzzese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.campotosto.aq.it/informazioni-turistiche-comune-di-campotosto/prodotti-tipici-di-campotosto/">Prodotti Tipici</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130044917/https://www.comune.campotosto.aq.it/informazioni-turistiche-comune-di-campotosto/prodotti-tipici-di-campotosto/">Archived</a> 30 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Comune di Campotosto. Retrieved 19 December 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virtuquotidiane.it/cronaca/campotosto-la-resilienza-di-filomena-e-della-sua-famiglia-da-generazioni-ristoratori-sul-lago.html">CAMPOTOSTO: LA RESILIENZA DI FILOMENA E DELLA SUA FAMIGLIA, DA GENERAZIONI RISTORATORI SUL LAGO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206002435/https://www.virtuquotidiane.it/cronaca/campotosto-la-resilienza-di-filomena-e-della-sua-famiglia-da-generazioni-ristoratori-sul-lago.html">Archived</a> 6 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 19 December 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131114001935/http://conoscere.abruzzoturismo.it/index.php?Canale=Cosa&IDCanaleSub=10&IDCanaleSubSub=0&IDItem=35&ItemType=PT">"Home – Regione Abruzzo – Dipartimento Turismo, Cultura e Paesaggio"</a>. <i>conoscere.abruzzoturismo.it</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abruzzo+and+Molise+Heritage+Society&rft.pub=Abruzzomoliseheritagesociety.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abruzzomoliseheritagesociety.org%2Fcuisine.htm%23abruzzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221121171108/https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/pdo-extra-virgin-olive-oil">"PDO extra virgin olive oil"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PDO+extra+virgin+olive+oil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabruzzoturismo.it%2Fen%2Fpdo-extra-virgin-olive-oil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112034945/http://www.hotelposeidontortoreto.com/en/abruzzi-wine-and-food_31.html">"Gastronomy, Typical Specialties of Abruzzi Cuisine"</a>. <i>Hotel Poseidon Tortoreto</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hotel+Poseidon+Tortoreto&rft.atitle=Gastronomy%2C+Typical+Specialties+of+Abruzzi+Cuisine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotelposeidontortoreto.com%2Fen%2Fabruzzi-wine-and-food_31.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102230120/http://oliveoilsindia.com/Italian-Olives.htm">"Italian Olives, Green Italian Olives, Black Italian Olives, Olive, Olive Cultivation, Olive Oil Extraction, Spanish Olives, Green Olives, Black Olives, Olive Trees, Mumbai, India"</a>. <i>oliveoilsindia.com</i>. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oliveoilsindia.com&rft.atitle=Italian+Olives%2C+Green+Italian+Olives%2C+Black+Italian+Olives%2C+Olive%2C+Olive+Cultivation%2C+Olive+Oil+Extraction%2C+Spanish+Olives%2C+Green+Olives%2C+Black+Olives%2C+Olive+Trees%2C+Mumbai%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foliveoilsindia.com%2FItalian-Olives.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040107193446/http://winecountry.it/regions/">"Italian Wine Regions – Grapes and Wine Production"</a>. <i>WineCountry.it</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WineCountry.it&rft.atitle=Italian+Wine+Regions+%E2%80%93+Grapes+and+Wine+Production&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwinecountry.it%2Fregions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110154821/http://www.winenews.it/print/the-winenews-corner/28904/the-best-italian-wine-is-trebbiano-dabruzzo-2007-by-valentini-then-barolo-reserve-monprivato-c-dmorissio-2004-by-mascarello-and-sassicaia-2009-by-san-guido-estate-the-best-italian-wine-awards-the-50-best-wines-of-italy">"WineNews – The best Italian wine is Trebbiano d'Abruzzo 2007 by Valentini, then Barolo Reserve Monprivato Cà d'Morissio 2004 by Morello and Sassicaia 2009 by San Guido Estate. The "Best Italian Wine Awards-The 50 Best Wines of Italy" – Visualizzazione per stampa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winenews.it/print/the-winenews-corner/28904/the-best-italian-wine-is-trebbiano-dabruzzo-2007-by-valentini-then-barolo-reserve-monprivato-c-dmorissio-2004-by-mascarello-and-sassicaia-2009-by-san-guido-estate-the-best-italian-wine-awards-the-50-best-wines-of-italy">the original</a> on 10 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WineNews+%E2%80%93+The+best+Italian+wine+is+Trebbiano+d%27Abruzzo+2007+by+Valentini%2C+then+Barolo+Reserve+Monprivato+C%C3%A0+d%27Morissio+2004+by+Morello+and+Sassicaia+2009+by+San+Guido+Estate.+The+%22Best+Italian+Wine+Awards-The+50+Best+Wines+of+Italy%22+%E2%80%93+Visualizzazione+per+stampa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winenews.it%2Fprint%2Fthe-winenews-corner%2F28904%2Fthe-best-italian-wine-is-trebbiano-dabruzzo-2007-by-valentini-then-barolo-reserve-monprivato-c-dmorissio-2004-by-mascarello-and-sassicaia-2009-by-san-guido-estate-the-best-italian-wine-awards-the-50-best-wines-of-italy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abruzzo Is Making White Wine From Grapes You Don't Yet Know, Tom Mullen, Forbes, 29 May 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMassetti2015" class="citation book cs1">Massetti, Enrico (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1yp7CgAAQBAJ&q=Cuisine+of+Abruzzo&pg=PT38"><i>Abruzzo</i></a>. Enrico Massetti. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781329492530" title="Special:BookSources/9781329492530"><bdi>9781329492530</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abruzzo&rft.pub=Enrico+Massetti&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781329492530&rft.aulast=Massetti&rft.aufirst=Enrico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1yp7CgAAQBAJ%26q%3DCuisine%2Bof%2BAbruzzo%26pg%3DPT38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abruzzo&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abruzzo" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Abruzzo#Q1284" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regione.abruzzo.it/">Official site of the regional administration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abruzzoturismo.it/en/">Official Abruzzo tourist board website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051113062838/http://www.italy-weather-and-maps.com/maps/italy/abruzzo.gif">Map of Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/58f3263e-251a-11dc-bf47-000b5df10621.html">In the land of bears and castles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>, 29 June 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2005/apr/16/italy.shortbreaks.guardiansaturdaytravelsection?page=2">Italy as it used to be</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 16 April 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifeinabruzzo.com/">Life in Abruzzo, a chronicle of Abruzzo life written from a hill village in the Gran Sasso Mountains</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbDu_cBBCnc"><i>The People Of Abruzzo And Their Millennia Of History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Museo_delle_Genti_d%27Abruzzo" title="Museo delle Genti d'Abruzzo">Museo delle Genti d'Abruzzo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230453/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbDu_cBBCnc">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+People+Of+Abruzzo+And+Their+Millennia+Of+History&rft.pub=Museo+delle+Genti+d%27Abruzzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQbDu_cBBCnc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbruzzo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Abruzzo&#124;link=Abruzzo_Abruzzo521" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Abruzzo" title="Category:Geography of Abruzzo">geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Chieti" title="Province of Chieti">Chieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_L%27Aquila" title="Province of L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pescara" title="Province of Pescara">Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teramo" title="Province of Teramo">Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_Abruzzo" title="Category:Landforms of Abruzzo">Landforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Abruzzo" title="Category:Cities and towns in Abruzzo">Cities, towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Abruzzo" title="List of municipalities of Abruzzo">List of municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo,_Italy,_with_provinces-it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg/250px-Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg/330px-Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg/500px-Map_of_region_of_Abruzzo%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2219" data-file-height="2085" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Abruzzo" title="Category:History of Abruzzo">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praetutii" title="Praetutii">Praetutii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aequi" title="Aequi">Aequi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsi" title="Marsi">Marsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picenum" title="Picenum">Picenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabines" title="Sabines">Sabines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestini" title="Vestini">Vestini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrucini" title="Marrucini">Marrucini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicius,_Constantius_and_Victorinus" title="Simplicius, Constantius and Victorinus">Simplicius, Constantius and Victorinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnite_Wars" title="Samnite Wars">Samnite Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1703_Apennine_earthquakes" title="1703 Apennine earthquakes">1703 Apennine earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_Citra" title="Abruzzo Citra">Abruzzo Citra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_raid" title="Gran Sasso raid">Gran Sasso raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_River_campaign" title="Moro River campaign">Moro River campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Line" title="Winter Line">Winter Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_G8_summit" title="35th G8 summit">35th G8 summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abruzzo" title="Politics of Abruzzo">Politics and<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abruzzo" title="Politics of Abruzzo">Politics of Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Abruzzo" title="Elections in Abruzzo">Elections in Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Abruzzo" title="List of presidents of Abruzzo">List of presidents of Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_(wine_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abruzzo (wine region)">Abruzzo (wine region)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Abruzzo" title="Category:Culture in Abruzzo">Culture</a> and<br />heritage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vastese" title="Vastese">Vastese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language" title="Arbëresh language">Arbëresh language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Abruzzo" title="List of museums in Abruzzo">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Abruzzo" title="Music of Abruzzo">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabocchi_Coast" title="Trabocchi Coast">Trabocchi Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Abruzzo" title="Category:Parks in Abruzzo">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Abruzzo" title="Flag of Abruzzo">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Abruzzo" title="Economy of Abruzzo">Economy of Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Abruzzo" title="Tourism in Abruzzo">Tourism in Abruzzo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_Abruzzo" title="Category:Science and technology in Abruzzo">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Imperatore_Near-Earth_Object_Survey" title="Campo Imperatore Near-Earth Object Survey">Campo Imperatore Near-Earth Object Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collurania-Teramo_Observatory" title="Collurania-Teramo Observatory">Collurania-Teramo Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratori_Nazionali_del_Gran_Sasso" title="Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso">Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Abruzzo" title="Category:Education in Abruzzo">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_di_Belle_Arti_dell%27Aquila" title="Accademia di Belle Arti dell'Aquila">Accademia di Belle Arti dell'Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_Science_Institute" title="Gran Sasso Science Institute">Gran Sasso Science Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_L%27Aquila" title="University of L'Aquila">University of L'Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Teramo" title="University of Teramo">University of Teramo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Abruzzo" title="Category:Transport in Abruzzo">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo_Airport" title="Abruzzo Airport">Abruzzo Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_railway" title="Adriatic railway">Adriatic railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A14_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A14 (Italy)">Autostrada A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A24_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A24 (Italy)">Autostrada A24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A25_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A25 (Italy)">Autostrada A25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_stations_in_Abruzzo" title="List of railway stations in Abruzzo">List of railway stations in Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome%E2%80%93Sulmona%E2%80%93Pescara_railway" title="Rome–Sulmona–Pescara railway">Rome–Sulmona–Pescara railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Abruzzo" title="Category:Abruzzo">Categories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Italy188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Italy" title="Template:Regions of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Regions of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Italy188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Italy" title="Northeast Italy">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol" title="Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol">Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Italy" title="Northwest Italy">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Italy" title="South Italy">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insular_Italy" title="Insular Italy">Insular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_peninsula" title="Italian peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Italian regions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Italy" title="Category:Society of Italy">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Italy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy" title="Censorship in Italy">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Italy" title="Crime in Italy">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy" title="Demographics of Italy">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy" title="List of people from Italy">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Italian provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Italy" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Italy" title="Prostitution in Italy">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_public_administration" title="Italian public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Italy" title="Terrorism in Italy">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Italy" title="Water supply and sanitation in Italy">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Italy" title="Women in Italy">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seicento" title="Seicento">Seicento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_culture_(1700s)" title="History of Italian culture (1700s)">Settecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_and_19th-century_art" title="Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art">Ottocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Italy" title="List of castles in Italy">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Italy" title="List of cathedrals in Italy">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Italy" title="Emblem of Italy">Coat of arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_design" title="Italian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Italy" title="List of gardens in Italy">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Italy" title="Internet in Italy">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italophilia" title="Italophilia">Italophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy" title="List of libraries in Italy">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Italy" title="Mass media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy" title="List of museums in Italy">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Italy" title="List of palaces in Italy">Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_philosophy" title="Italian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Italy" title="Sport in Italy">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy" title="Theatre of Italy">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy" title="Traditions of Italy">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Italy" title="Category:Italy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mediterranean_cuisine100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Template:Mediterranean cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Template talk:Mediterranean cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mediterranean cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mediterranean_cuisine100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">Maghrebi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakhchoukha" title="Chakhchoukha">Chakhchoukha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazin_(bread)" title="Bazin (bread)">Bazin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9choui" title="Méchoui">Méchoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajine">Tajine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushari">Kushari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulukhiyah" title="Mulukhiyah">Mulukhiyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mansaf" title="Mansaf">Mansaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musakhan" title="Musakhan">Musakhan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine#Cheeses" title="Turkish cuisine">Cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_desserts" title="List of Turkish desserts">Desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine#Kebabs" title="Turkish cuisine">Kebabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Turkey" title="Tea in Turkey">Turkish tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyros_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyros (food)">Gyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_salad" title="Greek salad">Greek salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifado" class="mw-redirect" title="Stifado">Stifado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skordalia" title="Skordalia">Skordalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loukaniko" title="Loukaniko">Loukaniko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melomakarono" title="Melomakarono">Melomakarono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Ionian islands">Ionian Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourdeto" title="Bourdeto">Bourdeto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastitsada" title="Pastitsada">Pastitsada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Crete</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakos" title="Dakos">Dakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximathia" title="Paximathia">Paximadi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian and Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Moussaka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Regional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrosticini" title="Arrosticini">Arrosticini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortadella_di_Campotosto" title="Mortadella di Campotosto">Mortadella di Campotosto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccheroni_alla_chitarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Maccheroni alla chitarra">Maccheroni alla chitarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timballo" title="Timballo">Timballo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrozzo" title="Parrozzo">Parrozzo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine" title="Arbëreshë cuisine">Arbëreshë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciuppin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciuppin">Ciuppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravioli" title="Ravioli">Ravioli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mantua" title="Cuisine of Mantua">Mantuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_rag%C3%B9" title="Neapolitan ragù">Neapolitan ragù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli" title="Pasta e fagioli">Pasta e fagioli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">Carbonara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardinian cuisine">Sardinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pane_carasau" title="Pane carasau">Pane carasau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malloreddus" title="Malloreddus">Malloreddus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirto_(liqueur)" title="Mirto (liqueur)">Mirto (liqueur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbamele" title="Abbamele">Abbamele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecorino_sardo" title="Pecorino sardo">Pecorino sardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culurgi%C3%B2nes" class="mw-redirect" title="Culurgiònes">Culurgiònes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottarga" title="Bottarga">Bottarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seada" title="Seada">Seada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caponata" title="Caponata">Caponata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_alla_Norma" title="Pasta alla Norma">Pasta alla Norma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_cuisine" title="Tuscan cuisine">Tuscan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribollita" title="Ribollita">Ribollita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_cuisine" title="Venetian cuisine">Venetian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpaccio" title="Carpaccio">Carpaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">Risotto</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocciu" title="Brocciu">Brocciu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassoulet" title="Cassoulet">Cassoulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandade" title="Brandade">Brandade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provencal_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Provencal cuisine">Provencal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouillabaisse" title="Bouillabaisse">Bouillabaisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratatouille" title="Ratatouille">Ratatouille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salade_ni%C3%A7oise" title="Salade niçoise">Salade niçoise</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gazpacho" title="Gazpacho">Gazpacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldereta" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldereta">Caldereta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombet" title="Tombet">Tombet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escalivada" title="Escalivada">Escalivada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escudella_i_carn_d%27olla" class="mw-redirect" title="Escudella i carn d'olla">Escudella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollada" title="Ollada">Ollada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paella" title="Paella">Paella</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afelia" title="Afelia">Afelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Halloumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">Semolina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">Grape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shared</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anise spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottarga" title="Bottarga">Bottarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_David" title="Elizabeth David">Elizabeth David</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Book_of_Mediterranean_Food" title="A Book of Mediterranean Food">A Book of Mediterranean Food</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Category:Mediterranean cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2147" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/126262-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79023292">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119530745">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119530745">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Abruzzo (Itálie : kraj)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge310788&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX461451">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000566154&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/61663">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007554951305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517986106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3b8ff9c2-2e0c-460c-8ac8-e1625db6a0ad">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02750591X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045101">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abruzzo&params=42_21_58_N_12_23_40_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°23′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.36611°N 12.39444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.36611; 12.39444</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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