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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Värderealism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 17 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="واقعية أخلاقية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واقعية أخلاقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="নৈতিক বাস্তববাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নৈতিক বাস্তববাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_realismus" title="Morální realismus – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Morální realismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraalirealism" title="Moraalirealism – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Moraalirealism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_realism" title="Moral realism – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Moral realism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo_moral" title="Realismo moral – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Realismo moral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morala_realismo" title="Morala realismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Morala realismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C" title="واقع‌گرایی اخلاقی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واقع‌گرایی اخلاقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alisme_moral" title="Réalisme moral – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réalisme moral" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%8D%95_%EC%8B%A4%EC%9E%AC%EB%A1%A0" title="도덕 실재론 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도덕 실재론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99" title="ריאליזם מוסרי – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריאליזם מוסרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismus_moralis" title="Realismus moralis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Realismus moralis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor%C4%81lais_re%C4%81lisms" title="Morālais reālisms – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Morālais reālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9F%E5%9C%A8%E8%AB%96" title="道徳的実在論 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="道徳的実在論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo_moral" title="Realismo moral – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Realismo moral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraalinen_realismi" title="Moraalinen realismi – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Moraalinen realismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlaki_ger%C3%A7ek%C3%A7ilik" title="Ahlaki gerçekçilik – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ahlaki gerçekçilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3100314#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Värderealism</b> är en <a href="/wiki/Metaetik" title="Metaetik">metaetisk</a> teori som hävdar att moraliska utsagor är genuina påståenden om faktaförhållanden. Detta ska inte likställas med <i>värdeobjektivism</i>, en semantisk teori som ej gör anspråk på hur verkligheten faktiskt ser ut, utan endast <i>beskriver</i> den. Värderealismen menar att värdefakta existerar i verkligheten, vilket är en ontologisk uppfattning. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Avgränsning"><span id="Avgr.C3.A4nsning"></span>Avgränsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Avgränsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Avgränsning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Värderealism skiljer sig från <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdesubjektivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Värdesubjektivism">värdesubjektivism</a> och <a href="/wiki/Emotivism" title="Emotivism">emotivism</a> genom uppfattningen att <a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">moralen</a> på något sätt är <a href="/wiki/Objektivitet" title="Objektivitet">objektiv</a>, att etiska utsagor är utsagor som i likhet med faktapåståenden är objektivt sanna eller falska. Den skiljer sig från <a href="/wiki/Etisk_naturalism" title="Etisk naturalism">naturalismen</a> genom att dessa värdeegenskaper inte anses naturgivna. Det är dock möjligt att vara etisk naturalist och samtidigt värderealist, då den första teorin är semantisk och den andra ontologisk. Om något sägs vara bra är detta enligt värderealismen liktydigt med att detta något har en viss egenskap eller att det står i en viss relation till något annat som har denna egenskap. Om jag till exempel påstår att "diskriminering är dåligt" har detta påstående samma status som påståendet "diskriminering har blivit ovanligare under 2000-talet". Exempel på filosofer som har omfattat värderealism i någon form är <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> och <a href="/wiki/George_Edward_Moore" title="George Edward Moore">G. E. Moore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">John Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdeteori" title="Värdeteori">Värdeteori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaetik" title="Metaetik">Metaetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdeskepticism" title="Värdeskepticism">Värdeskepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etisk_naturalism" title="Etisk naturalism">Etisk naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objektivism_(Ayn_Rand)" title="Objektivism (Ayn Rand)">Objektivism (Ayn Rand)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBergström1990">Bergström, Lars (1990). <i><span>Grundbok i värdeteori</span></i>. Stockholm: Thales. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-87172-27-5" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-87172-27-5">ISBN 91-87172-27-5</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grundbok+i+v%C3%A4rdeteori&rft.aulast=Bergstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft.au=Bergstr%C3%B6m%2C+Lars&rft.date=1990&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Thales&rft.isbn=91-87172-27-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:V%C3%A4rderealism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBergström1990">Bergström 1990</a>, s. 61.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rderealism&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-realism/">Moral Realism</a><i> från <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output 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<a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sautrantika" title="Sautrantika">Sautrantika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yogacara" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yoga_sutra" title="Yoga sutra">Yoga sutra</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Medeltidens_filosofi" title="Medeltidens filosofi">Medeltiden</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Västerländsk filosofi">Västerländsk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kristen_filosofi" title="Kristen filosofi">Kristen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik">Skolastik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A4ssanshumanism" title="Renässanshumanism">Renässanshumanism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk</a> och <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Österländsk filosofi">österländsk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Advaita" title="Advaita">Advaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Neokonfucianism" title="Neokonfucianism">Neokonfucianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Modern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Allmänt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anarkism" title="Anarkism">Anarkism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism">Empirism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fundamentism" title="Fundamentism">Fundamentism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(filosofi_och_historia)" title="Historicism (filosofi och historia)">Historicism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">Holism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antihumanism" title="Antihumanism">Anti-</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kollektivism" title="Kollektivism">Kollektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism">Konservatism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kontraktualism" title="Kontraktualism">Kontraktualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(filosofi)" title="Naturalism (filosofi)">Naturalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nykantianism" title="Nykantianism">Nykantianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nyskolastik" title="Nyskolastik">Nyskolastik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Utilitarism" title="Utilitarism">Utilitarism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Nutidens_filosofi" title="Nutidens filosofi">Nutid</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">Analytisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_marxism" title="Analytisk marxism">Analytisk marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Experimentell_filosofi" title="Experimentell filosofi">Experimentell filosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofisk_kvietism" title="Filosofisk kvietism">Filosofisk kvietism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Internalism_och_externalism" title="Internalism och externalism">Internalism och externalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Koherentism" title="Koherentism">Koherentism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarism" title="Kommunitarism">Kommunitarism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konsekventialism" title="Konsekventialism">Konsekventialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Logisk_positivism" title="Logisk positivism">Logisk positivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metaetik" title="Metaetik">Metaetik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Normativ_etik" title="Normativ etik">Normativ etik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttspositivism" title="Rättspositivism">Rättspositivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Scientism" title="Scientism">Scientism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Till%C3%A4mpad_etik" title="Tillämpad etik">Tillämpad etik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vardagsspr%C3%A5ksfilosofi" title="Vardagsspråksfilosofi">Vardagsspråksfilosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vetenskaplig_skepticism" title="Vetenskaplig skepticism">Vetenskaplig skepticism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Värderealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wienkretsen" title="Wienkretsen">Wienkretsen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_filosofi" title="Kontinental filosofi">Kontinental</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dekonstruktion" title="Dekonstruktion">Dekonstruktion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feministisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frankfurtskolan" title="Frankfurtskolan">Frankfurtskolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kritisk_teori" title="Kritisk teori">Kritisk teori</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutik" title="Hermeneutik">Hermeneutik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nymarxism" title="Nymarxism">Ny</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_marxism" title="Västerländsk marxism">Västerländsk</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialkonstruktivism" title="Socialkonstruktivism">Socialkonstruktivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Strukturalism" title="Strukturalism">Strukturalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poststrukturalism" title="Poststrukturalism">Post</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" 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